TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
List of Illustrations................................. ii
Purpose of the Project............................... 1
Why Expand the Orlando Public Library................ 4
Historic Development ................................. 8
Site Location and Description ......................... 21
General Design.Approach..... ....................... 43
Aesthetic Considerations............................. 53
Design Considerations for the Building Type.......... 57
Departmental Organization............................. 62
Alterations to the Present Library................... 67
Structural Considerations............................. 69
Codes.................................... ............. 71
Space Allocation Requirements...... .................. 73
Bibliography. ...................................... 111
Appendix: Documents ............................... ...112
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Illustration Page
1. View of Orange Groves at Present
Library Site......................... ...... ..10
2. Albertson Public Library...................... 10
3.. Orlando Public Library ......................... 12
4. Site in 1897 from a Sanborn Map............... 14
5. Site in 1913 from a Sanborn Map............... 15
6. Site in 1919 from a Sanborn Map................ 16
7. Site in 1925 from a Sanborn Map............... 17
8. First Building of Orlando First Church
of Christ Scientist ........................... 19
9. First Orlando Chamber of Commerce
Building....................................... 19
10. Location of Orlando within Florida............. 22
11. Location of Site within Orlando...... ........ 23
12. Location of Site within Orlando............... 24
13. Site at Present................................ 25
14. Traffic Flow around the Site.................... 26
15. Site with Proposed Redevelopment.............. 29
16. Site with Topography......................... 30
17. Site Indicating Buildings to be Removed........ 31
18. First Christian Church........................ 32
19. Frame House on Wall Street.................... 32
20. Office Building on Wall Street................ 33
21. Law Offices at Rosalind and Washington........ 34
Illustration Page
22. Photo Sequence of Orlando Public
Library and the St. Goerge Greek
Orthodox Church (Foldout)..................... 35
23. The Original Orlando Chamber of
Commerce and Adjacent Parking Lot............. 36
24. Orange County Courthouse...................... 37
25. Commercial Buildings on E. Central............ 37
26. Commercial Building and Parking Lot
on E. Central................................... 39
27. Offices at E. Central and Rosalind ............ 40
28. Photo Sequence of Rosalind Club
and Eola Park (Foldout) ....................... 41
29. Kahler Plaza................................... 42
30. First Proposal for Redevelopment.............. 46
31. Model of First Proposal ................. ..... 47
32. Photo of St. George Greek Orthodox Church..... 47
33. Photo of St. Goerge Greek Orthodox Church,
Detail of Construction........................ 48
34. Orlando Public Library and St. George
Greek Orthodox Church.......................... 48
35. Photo of Orlando Public Library and St.
George Greek Orthodox Church................... 49
36. Flow Chart of Departmental Organization
for the Orlando Public Library ................ 110
iii
PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
This program provides a guide to the design of the
Orlando Public Library expansion. Developed simultaneously
with the design, this report gives verbal reasons and re-
quirements for the building and its design. It is a verbal
record of the design process as well as an explanation of
the structure.
The project consists of a new contemporary wing
designed to harmonize and function with the present Orlando
Public Library (OPL). This may appear unusual as a termi-
nal project for a student in the preservation sequence;
however, it does fit within the broad concept or preserva-
tion. First are the obvious considerations of the older
buildings on the site that are to be retained, and used
as aesthetic parameters for the new wing. These buildings
alone would give the project a preservation slant. In
addition to retaining the older structures is the idea of
trying to harmonize and expand a building, regardless of
the fact that it is fairly new, like the OPL. This is a
basic preservation tenet, because restoration and rehab
are valid concepts for reusing any structure, especially
one of historic or architectural merit.
Though the OPL is only about eleven years old, it
is considered to be an excellent example of its style.
It should be expanded carefully to harmonize with the
original building, and not copy it. It is generally felt
that, when the required age (fifty years) has been ac-
quired, the OPL itself will be nominated for National
Register status as its neighbors now are. This project
merely recognizes the potential status of the OPL and the
merit of the other buildings, the St. George Greek Ortho-
dox Church, and the old Chamber of Commerce building, and
will propose a solution which will take all the present
architectural influences into consideration and work
within these design limitations without being a slavish
imitation of any style, either contemporary or classic.
The selection of this project over others was made
after visits to several sites and reviewing proposals
and ideas for my terminal project. I selected a.library
because I hoped to expand my knowledge about the building
type, which I knew little about, never having designed
a library before. This would give me the opportunity to
experiment with a new building type and add the knowledge
gained by the experience to my professional skills,
the problems of book circulation, security, comfort, at-
tractiveness, versatility and storage all being special to
this type of building and providing a challenging problem.
This particular library was selected because ex-
pansion was already proposed, making the project very real,
and the scale and complexity of the new wing is larger
than anything I have previously tackled. Also, the
design limitations of site, structure, older buildings
to work around, and restrictions of the asthetics made
the project even more desirable from the preservation
aspect.
WHY EXPAND THE ORLANDO PUBLIC LIBRARY?
The concept for the new wing to the OPL was
developed out of necessity, of course. A major capital
outlay of over $10,000,000 would not be made by the city
unless there had been a demonstrated need. The present
building has approximately 60,000 square feet from which
originates a number of services to 130,000 card holders,
95,000 of them within the Orlando/Orange County limits.
The original program for the existing building projected
that the building would be outdated by 1971 and an estimated
100,000 to 150,000 additional square feet would be needed
to carry the needs of the library and the public through
to 1982, when the population was expected to reach a half
million. This was before the introduction of Disney World
and the subsequent population explosion. The current
population is over 400,000 and the projected population
for 1982 is about 50,000 over the original estimates.
The following statistics were taken from a study
by a committee for the expansion of the library:
1966 1975
Circulation 447,315 756,347
People coming in (main) 502,462
1,650/day
Reference questions asked
or called in 77,966 164,570
The above numbers indicate the use of the library has in-
creased dramatically, yet the available space has not.
The expansion of service and use also mean an expansion
of the collection. These books take up space and the space
has to be provided or the new books cannot be made avail-
able or older but still useful volumes will have to be
retired to make room for the newer ones. So far the
space has been taken from the public reading and lounging
areas. Also, storage space for retired books and periodi-
cals and work space to process new acquisitions has been
obtained outside the library building. The present building
has only 1,754 square feet for book storage and a projected
30,300 square feet is required. To make up part of the
deficit the top floors of the old Chamber of Commerce
Building on E. Central are used for the storage area.
Eight thousand square feet of work space for forty staff
members are being leased on N. Orange Avenue. These fa-
cilities have the disadvantages of being away from the main
builidng and library operations besides costing tax monies
to lease and operate them, which could be spent on the
operation of the library system.
Another reason for expansion is the growth and
proposed addition of services the library offers to the
community. The first and most basic, other than provid-
ing books, is the bookmobile. The OPL was the first library
in the state to offer this service and now needs to expand
the area served by the bookmobile and have enough room
to store and service at least three of the vehicles. An-
other new function would be to provide public meeting rooms,
to alleviate the shortage of this type of space in the
downtown area. Other programs the library offers are cir-
culation of films for clubs, talking books for the blind,
book service to jails, the geneology department, books
by mail, and most important, a telephone reference service.
All of these programs are in desperate need of expansion
and to do this, on the average, from two to three times
the space is needed than presently allocated. Programs,
services, and departments which are not presently found
in the library but are proposed are television studios,
an adult community education coordinator, typing rooms,
first-aid room, a rare-book room, microfilming, network
offices (for coordination of all the branches and their
programs), and data processing. All of these are necessary
to enable the OPL to serve the public more fully and have
the library function more efficiently. To introduce these
agencies into the present structure would be impossible,
therefore, the new addition is required to contain them.
The microfilming department will eventually become a very
important area because it will increase the amount of in-
formation the library can hold while reducing the storage
space necessary for the information.
The overall goal of the library, by expansion of
the present services and introduction of new ones, is to
become a research and information center for the central
Florida area. Its network offices would control present
branches in Orange and Osceola counties and future branches
in other surrounding counties. It is also concievable that
it could serve, by mail or telephone, the universities
and colleges in the area as far away as Gainesville and
Tampa. Also, with the present population growth rate,
the estimated population of Orlando will be over 700,000 by.
1990 and a new wing will be needed to serve this increased
public.
HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT
Before settlement by Europeans the Orlando area was
the hunting grounds for the Timucas Indians. In the six-
teenth century several Spanish missions were established
to convert the Indians to Christianity; however, by the
late seventeenth century these missions and the Indians
were almost completelywiped out. In 1826 the area was
turned into a large Indian Reservation by Andrew Jackson
after his defeat of the Seminoles, and had army encampments
scattered throughout. By 1842 the first settlers, Aaron
Jernigan, had settled in Orlando and brought his family
down in 1844. One year later Florida became a state. Other
families settled in the area in 1855 and in 1856 Orlando
was made the country seat. By 1875 the village was incor-
porated as a city complete with a two-story brick city hall.
The city is said to have derived its name from two
sources. The first theory is that the postmaster, being
a student of Shakespeare, named the post office in 1855
after the hero in the play "As You Like It." The other
theory, and the most popular, is that an army soldier
"Orlando Reeves," who died in an Indian attack, was buried
on the shores of Lake Eola and the town was named after him.
Until 1875, when the city was incorporated, the
staple of the economy was agriculture and cattle. In that
year the citrus industry was introduced into Orlando with
a nursery on the shores of Lake Eola, indeed there were
even groves there as ahown in old views (Illustration 1).
The majority of people doing the orange growing were the
English who came over to make their fortune. By 1880, the
railroad had come to Orlando, and the city was experiencing
growth and a healthy economy. Clubs, teams, and social or-
ganizations popular in larger cities were also established
in the town. In 1887 the area around Lake Eola was made
into a fairgrounds. Though not affected, the city was
surrounded by the yellow fever epidemic of 1888 and the
Board of Trade tried to counteract the resulting economic
slowdown by a vigorous advertising campaign. By 1891
Orlando recovered and had a population of 50,000. In 1895
the bubble was burst by the great freeze which destroyed
most of the Englishmen's orange groves. The English sold
their groves for a fraction to the value to people who
intended to stay and salvage what remained. The industry
now surrounds Orlando and is one of Florida's most import-
ant exports.
By the turn of the century Orlando was a well
developed small city, having all the modern amenities of
electric street lights, water, and paved streets; however,
it had no public library though other civic improvements
were quickly undertaken by the city fathers to attract
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growth. Library services were made available by a ladies'
society called Sorosis and the public was expected to pay
a fee for this service, but the fee and the collection were
insufficient for the city's usage and overtaxed the club's
resources. In the early 20s a movement was started, by
Sorosis, for the city to build a public library. In May
of 1920 a bond issue was passed for this purpose, and in
November of 1923, after the gift of a large collection by
Captain Albertson and one by the Sorosis Club, the Albertson
Public Library, designed by Murray King, was opened to the
public. This building was in the Greek Doric style and
was located on the corner of E. Central and N. Rosalind
facing Central (Illustration 2). Of white limestone, it was
a very handsome building, having room for over 100,000
volumes, and a separate children's library. The Albertson
collection was the basis for the present library's geneologi-
cal reference department.
By 1963, the building had become outgrown and anti-
quated, and had developed leaks and cracks, and the decision
was made to replace the building rather than add to it.
A bond issue was passed for $1,000,000 for the present
library's construction, and by 1964 demolition of the
original library was finished and groundbreaking for the
present building, on the same site, was begun. In 1966,
the building (Illustration 3) was dedicated with a proposed
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150,000 square-foot addition to be made under Orlando's
five-year capital-improvements plan, though this wing has
yet to be built.
The land on which the library now stands was origin-
ally owned by Jacob Summerlain, a land and cattle baron from
the area who, in 1874, built the largest private home in
Orlando. Since many newcomers had no place to stay, Summer-
lain converted the house to a boarding house called the
Summerlain (Illustration 4) which remained on the site
until the late 30s. By the early 1900s the adjacent proper-
ty was sold and turned into a subdivision by Grannis & Sperry
and divided by Summerlain Place, now Wall Street. The prop-
erty was divided into lots and sold .off (Illustrations 5 and
6). Since the area was so close to the downtown there were
never very many private residences developed. Instead,
most of the property was developed by churches, public
buildings, and the Chamber of Commerce and utilities build-
ings (Illustration 7). This was logical since on the west
side of N. 'Main (Magnolia) which bordered the area was the
Orange County Courthouse and the beginning of the commercial
development of the city. At this time the streets surround-
ing the block were Main (Magnolia), Central, and Washington.
By 1919 the street to the east of the area called West
was changed to Rosalind Avenue (Illustration 6), for the
Rosalind Club, which still maintains its clubhouse directly
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across from the present library. Also, in 1919 the mayor
realized the impending need for a public library and how
it should be centrally located downtown, and he purchased
the property at the corner of Rosalind and Central for this
purpose, and was later reimbursed by the city. In 1923
the library was finished and located on the subsequent San-
born maps (Illustration 7). Also, located on the 1925 map
(the last map in the University of Florida's Sanborn map
collection on Orlando) is the First Church of Christ Scien-
tist (Illustration 8). This was a long, narrow building
in a classic style, which was not used long, for in the
next year, 1926, a new building, now occupied by the St.
George Greek Orthodox Church, was built for the congrega-
tion on the adjacent property at the corner of Summerlain
Place and Rosalind Avenue. This building, along with
a house, the adjacent law offices, and the old Chamber of
Commerce building, are the.only original structures on the
two-block area.
In 1973, the congregation of the First Church of
Christ Scientist decided to move their church to the sub-
urbs of Orlando, as this is where most of the congrega-
tion now lives. They sold the building at Rosalind and
Wall to the law firm due west of the church. The firm
had originally intended to expand their offices into the
building, but this proved to be impractical. It was to be
torn down for their new building when the library announced
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their intention to expand on this property thus giving
the lawyers no reason to tear the building down, and giving
it a stay of execution. At present, the church is leased
to the Greek Orthodox church which would like to buy the
building and restore it; however, they lack the funds.
The Chamber of Commerce building on E. Central (Il-
lustration 9) was also abandoned in the early 70s because
the Chamber wanted larger quarters and a more contemporary
image. Presently, the moorish style, stucco and tile
building is being used as the Jaycee Community Center and
as a storage depository for the library. The building is
in excellent condition and could easily be rehabilitated
into a permanent downtown community center.
SITE LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION
The site is in Orlando, Florida, the largest in-
land city in the state (Illustration 10). The city was
developed on a separate econmoy from the rest of the urban
centers relying on cattle and citrus instead of tourists,
until the recent addition of the Disney tourist attraction,
which has spurred a dramatic growth in the city.
The actual site is in the heart of the downtown
and is included in many of the downtown redevelopment
proposals (Illustrations 11 and 12). The city was laid
out on an east-west north-south axial grid and the site is
two blocks due east of Orange Avenue, the major downtown
artery, and five blocks east of Interstate 4, and just
west of Lake Eola Park, the major park in the area. The
two-block site is bordered by E. Central Avenue on the
south, which is the dividing street between north and south
denotations for all streets running in that direction,
on the east by N.. Rosaland Avenue, on the west by N. Mag-
nolia, and by E. Washington on the north. The blocks are
divided by Wall Street, which will be removed partially
by the expansion illustrations s 13 and 14).
Magnolia Avenue is a major north-south artery going
one way to the north. E. Central is also one way running
east, and both Rosalind and Washington are two-way streets.
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10. Location of Orlando within Florida
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This situation dictates where the major entrance of the
new wing should be and where the service drives will be
located and where will be the entrance to the new parking
garage. The parking garage will have its pedestrian and
vehicular entrance together at the east end of the building
from the plaza developed on the west side of the existing
library. This plaza will also connect the new entrance of
the library to the entrance of the garage. Wall Street
will dead-end at this garage entrance and be used for ac-
cess to the garage and as a holding lane to get waiting
cars out of the mainstream of traffic. This street will
connect onto Magnolia facilitating access to the garage.
The service entrance and loading and receiving dock for
the library will be from an extension of Palmetto between
the telephone company building and the new wing and will
be fed by E.,Washington. The new east entrance between
the two wings of the library will be recessed from Rosalind
and will be affected little by vehicular traffic and rela-
tively unimportant, but will be there for the few people
who might walk from the east side of Lake Eola, where
there are several condominiums and large residences of
middle-aged to elderly people.
The site for the wing is roughly a quarter of a city
block; however, the entire development including the plaza,
parking garage, the library and its wing and the church will
cover about three-quarters of a city block (Illustration 15).
The dimensions of the actual construction site for the new
wing are 208' x 256' less the 81' x 104' taken out by the
church. The topography slopes down to the northeast diagon-
ally from the southwest and the elevation changes from 105'
at the highest point at E. Central and N. Magnolia to 92'
at the lowest point at E. Washington and N. Rosalind (Illus-
tration 16).
The buildings on the site to be removed because of
lack of architectural merit or historic value (Illustration
17) are the church and parish house on E. Central (Illus-
tration 18), the frame house on Wall (Illustration 19) and
the office building directly north of it (Illustration 20),
and the law offices to the north of the church on Rosalind
(Illustration 21). The remaining elements on the site are:
The OPL, the St. Goerge Greek Orthodox Church (Illustration
22), the old Chamber of Commerce Building (Illustration 23),
and the municipal parking lot which will be developed into
a multilevel parking garage, and the phone company build-
ing.
The area surrounding the site is composed of a
variety of functions and buildings from surface parking
lots, and low-density commercial building to parks and
high-rise civic and utility buildings. To the west, along
N. Magnolia, is the Orange County Courthouse (Illustration 24)
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to the south along Central are three commercial structures
and two surface parking lots (Illustrations 25 and 26),
east along Rosalind is a low office building (Illustration
27), the Rosalind Club and Lake Eola Park (Illustration 28)
and north of the site is the Krahler Plaza, a mid-60s
modern building about five stories high (Illustration 29).
The Krahler Plaza does not have the impact of a high-rise
on the street, however, because it is fairly recessed from
the edge of the street and tends to recede behind land-
caping on the Washington Street elevation. The only other
high-rise development around the site is the courthouse,
eight stories. The rest is either flat or no more than
three stories. This gives us a low-rise scale on three
sides of the site with .a high-rise scale on the west, which
will block the late afternoon sun.
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GENERAL DESIGN APPROACH
In the original 1964 plan for the expansion of the
OPL the area to the west of the existing building along
E. Central and Wall Streets and facing the Magnolia Avenue
elevation of the Orange County Courthouse was designated
for the new wing. Even the floor plans of the present lib-
rary are arranged with this direction for the expansion in
mind, but expansion in this direction would have the new
wing creating a "canyon" effect of tall buildings on rela-
tively narrow streets. Also, the new wing would have had
to either work around or go on top of the old Chamber of
Commerce building. Since the west site is fairly limited
this building would have had to be removed to make room
for the new wing or the new wing would have to be developed
into, a high-rise. The old Chamber of Commerce building
is very good architecturally and sound structurally, and
in all cases should be retained. This locks the new wing
into a higher development than desirable. Finally, the site
slopes up dramatically behind the existing library and to
continue the present floor levels straight back to Magnolia
would demand a great deal of excavation which would put
the present first floor either partially or completely
underground.
In the 1973 study on the proposed expansion, it was
recommended that the west site would be most effectively
used for a multilevel parking structure. This would alle-
viate the critical shortage of parking in this area of
downtown Orlando and would serve theemployees and visitors
of both the courthouse and the library. The garage would
be very conveniently located between both buildings and
within walking distance of the downtown shopping district.
Also, the garage would not require the destruction of the
Chamber of Commerce building as it could easily be "wrapped"
around the side and back of the older building without in-
fringing on its facade architecture.
This same report also recommended a plaza develop-
ment between this garage and the west elevation of the
existing library and locating the new wing to the north
of the existing library, bridging Wall Street and going
up Rosaline Avenue to E. Washington Street (Illustrations
30 and 31). This provides several advantages. First and
most important is the new wing would have a view of Lake
Eola and Eola Park, which would be very appropriate and
restful for the people in the library and would contribute
to the overall library atmosphere. Secondly, the building
could spread out and develop a lower profile, stepping
up toward the west side of the wing to hide the telephone
company building. Also, the site slopes down gradually
from the existing building and would require less excava-
tion for the construction of the present floor levels and
would put the present basement partially above grade.
There is a major drawback to this site, the domed,
classic revival old First Church of Christ, now the St.
George Greek Orthodox Church (Illustration 32). This build-
ing, according to the preliminary proposals would have to
be removed for the north wing's construction. This would
be a grave mistake. Its threatened destruction is the basis
for this project. The church is very good architecturally
and adds variety as well as character to the streetscape.
Built in 1926 of brick with a finish surface and ornament
of terracotta *(Illustration 33), this building has been a
major landmark in the downtown Orlando area and should re-
main because it helps define Orlando's individuality over
other southern or Florida cities. Also the building is
in very good condition, and would require only minor re-
novation of the roof and mechanical systems and some
restoration of its decorative elements.
The architect of the existing library building
realized the importance of the church building and was
sensitive to it, and related his building by aligning
the cornices (Illustration 34), and, to a degree, relating
the colors of the building to the colors of the church
(Illustration 35). Also, in the original designs for the
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33. :St.,.George Greek'Orthodox Church, Detail of 'Construction
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S34..,Orlando Public Library and St. George Greek
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library, the architect tried massing similar to the pro-
jections of the church. These elements were deleted be-
cause a variance to the easement was not granted and the
library could not project as far out as the church. Be-
cause of the sensitivity the architect showed in his
design to the surroundings of his building, the present
library works very well within the existing vocabulary of
architectural development.
The overall problem is to expand the OPL to
170,000 square feet, and allow for future expansion, to
provide area for a multilevel parking garage and to save
the old Chamber of Commerce on E. Central and the St. George
Greek Orthodox Church on N. Rosalind. The method of working
the garage around the Chamber of Commerce has already been
mentioned. To save the church, two alternatives are avail-
able. First, one could wrap the new wing around the-.church
without incorporating it as part of the library. The
second concept would be to wrap the building around and
incorporate the church as auditorium space for the library
making the new wing, church, and present library a more
complete civic center.
The advantages of the incorporation idea over just
wrapping around are tremendous. First, duplicat construc-
tion of auditorium space will not have to be made in the
new wing. Also, using the church could allow for broader
uses than any auditorium built in the library because it
could accommodate more people and be versatile enough to
allow for a small symphony, or theater in the round, or
a PTA meeting. Also, the inclusion of the church as an
active, viable civic building will strengthen its future
and reason its continued maintenance, otherwise it might
be torn down and a parking lot facing the blank wall of
the new wing would be built.
However, either idea would be preferable to the
original concept of tearing the church down. The advan-
tages of my proposals over the demolition of the church
and filling the entire block with the new wing is that,
instead of creating a monolithic facade along Rosalind
Avenue, the wrapping of the new wing and incorporation
with the church will provide the opportunity to add variety
to the streetscape by using the existing library, new
wing, and the church as separate visual elements along the
street; though in reality, they will all be a part of the
entire complex.
Though it will not be reflected in any great detail
in the drawings because the project is concerned with the
library wing alone, the rehabilitation of the church will
be a major premise for the feasibility of the design.
It is assumed from now on out that the church will be
developed into an auditorium which could serve as a theater/
concert hall with the lower levels being conference room
and museum display space. The church should work with
the library and serve it but it will not necessarily be a
part of the day-to-day operation though films and lectures
could be made there in connection with library activities.
The actual remodeling of the church will consist
of little other than redesigning the existing service core
at the rear of the building, which abuts the new wing, to
contain fire stairs which will connect the differing levels
of the two buildings and hold projection rooms, bathrooms,
and other service facilities necessary for the new func-
tions of the church building as a theater/auditorium.
ASTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS
Factors mentioned earlier have predetermined the
shape of the new wing. First is the L-shape which would
develop from leaving the church intact on the southeast
corner of an otherwise rectangular lot. Secondly, the
dimension limitations of the property, keeping the building
to a size of less than 210' wide, though if additional
width is necessary the building can expand over Wall Street
(since it will be closed) with little problem. On the
north side the building will not be as deep as the lot or
go all the way to Rosalind Avenue, because the Rosalind
Avenue elevation of the new wing should not become more
dominant than the church's Rosalind Avenue elevation. Nor
can the north elevation extend out so far as to totally
block the three large windows in the north elevation of
the church. This would destroy any light derived from
these windows and would ruin the effect of the church's
north elevation in general, which is quite decorative and
adds a great deal to the building and the streetscape.
This will reduce the size of the "L" in the plan to as
minimal as possible.
Also, the new wing will have to be stepped back
above the second floor from its east elevation, again to
avoi-d overpowering the east elevation of the church or block
its north side. This will reduce the impact these upper
floors would have on the church's dome, and the impact
of the new wing itself on the street. The upper floors
will recede and be almost invisible from the street thus
giving the new wing a low profile like the present build-
ing and make it appear smaller than it really is. This
stepping back will also help transfer the low mass of the
new wing to the greater bulk of the telephone company and
help hide the phone building from the street and the park.
Also, these floors are necessary to fulfill the space
requirements which will be set forth later in the program.
As I stated in my opening remarks, I must attempt
to harmonize my design not only with the OPL building,
but also, with the 1926 Classic Revival church. Both
buildings are strong architectural statements in them-
selves; however, they work well together, because the de-
signer of the OPL took the church into consideration in
his arrangement of the library's cornices and its overall
treatment which harmonized with the older building. There-
fore, the new wing cannot be completely free from the ar-
chitectural influences of its surroundings.
The original design concept proposed for the wing
was to match the existing library's architecture. This
would be a mistake, because the library and its form were
carefully evolved by the architect to meet the specific
requirements of a program which was quite different from
the program for the expansion, and would not apply to the
new wing in that the scale is much larger and the functions
more complex. Also, the library and church were both
derived from architectural vocabularies peculiar to their
designer and period. While one might borrow inspiration
or allow himself to be influenced by an existing building,
to copy a building's architecture would produce only a
mundane, watered-down version of the original which would
please neither the architect nore the client.
Thus the keyword in this aspect of my proposal is
harmony. To borrow such things as cornice heights, pro-
portions, colors or tones, and details from both build-
ings and combine them in another building, which will be
its own statement architecturally, is the challenge. The
new wing must be strong enough to stand on its own, but
anonymous enough to serve as a backdrop to the other struc-
tures.
In the areas nearest the library where the direct
interface of the two buildings is involved, the new wing
will have to copy architectural details of the library,
but the further from the library the less the building
should imitate and the more it should harmonize its Rosa-
lind Avenue elevation with that of the church. The pro-
portions and color can be picked up from the church. Since
it does not connect directly to the church on this side,
the library wing need not copy any architectural details
of the church, only relate. On the north elevation of
the new wing the building can become completely independent
of the previously mentioned architectural influences other
than respecting the interior floor heights and exterior
levels required for physical continuity. At this eleva-
tion the building can resemble a separate building which
would give the street a great deal of vitality, thus making
the street a more interesting place for the pedestrian
and encouraging people to walk around in the downtown area.
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE BUILDING TYPE
The most important aspect of any library is the
security. First, there must be security in the checkout
system of books as to reduce to the minimum loss through
theft or carelessness. This demands that the building have
only one main public entrance, which should be centrally
located with little or no level change leading to it to
aid in accessibility for the handicapped. This will pre-
clude keeping the existing entrance to the library, though
it is well known to the public, because it would not be
centrally located to both wings, and using it in.conjunc-
tion with another entrance would double the staff and
equipment required for controlling the visitor flow. The
desk at the checkout should be located in the lobby/
entrance with an open view of the exits and next to the
circulation workroom where the books are processed back
to the shelves after being returned.
The security of the entire building should also
be considered by making the public areas as open as pos-
sible to the view of the staff with few bends and corners
so surveillance will be easy.
Storage space is the next most important considera-
tion for a library, poth storage for circulating books,
called the stacks, and for retired books and magazines.
The storage for retired volumes must be large and as far
from the public spaces as possible but close to the work
spaces and loading areas of the library. The stacks must
be in large open areas which can contain all of a particular
category of information. The stacks can be grouped together
with all the reading areas in one place or they can be
interspersed with reading areas and lounges all through.
The second arrangement puts the reader closer to the books
and creates a more vital and cozy library atmosphere,
however this system reduces visual control of the visitors
in the building.
There should be as few fixed partitions as possible
to insure easy expansion, especially in the workrooms. This
is presently a problem in the existing building because
the workrooms are encased with poured-in-place concrete
walls, which reduce the ability to expand them without
adding on temporary partitions which destroy the effect of
the interior architecture.
The categories and relationships oftdepartments and
literature is generally left up to the librarians, however
there are basic rules which should be remembered. First,
the young-adult section should never be totally separated
from the adult reading; rather it should be in an area ad-
jacent to or within the adult reading areas. On the other
hand, the children's library should be separated if the
staff is large enough to handle this arrangement.
The basic dimension module to consider during the
spacing of the structural elements is three feet. This
is the standard, smallest breakdown of shelving, which is
the most important piece of furniture in the library taking
up the majority of the space.
The work areas should be divided into different
categories depending on the job to be done, but all of
them should be closely related and accessible to each other
as much as possible.
Light in a library is very important, and the levels
may vary depending on the area in the building. The lowest
levels are for circulation of people, medium to high levels
for casual reading, and high levels for close study, the
stacks, and workrooms. Skylights should not be used since
the light they provide is seldom sufficient or of the right
quality for a library. Exterior light can be used as much
as possible from the windows, but in favor of energy conser-
vation the windows on the east and north would be the only
ones left open to the sun while the west and south should be
as protected as possible.
This may be the only way to reduce energy consumption
for the building which must be air-conditioned and heated
fully to provide a dry, fixed climate for the books and the
people using them.
Sound should be as muffled as possible. This will
preclude use of escalators for vertical circulation as they
are too noisy, and the finished on most of the wall, floor
and ceiling surfaces should be sound-absorbant, which the
walls in the present building are not. Loud and distracting
operations like copying machines and typing-should be iso-
lated into separate rooms, or corners away from the main
reading areas.
Meeting rooms should be grouped together and be
served by a common lobby. These rooms would have sound
control for privacy and the capability of total light con-
trol so film or slide presentations can be made. Also,
they need not be provided with views because the occupants
will be there for a purpose and should not be distracted
by outside activities. Since the rooms could be used beyond
library hours, the common lobby must have its own controlled
entrance.
The landscape surrounding the building should pro-
vide good looks with little maintenance. It should not be
so dense as to overpower the building, or hide it, or pro-
vide lurking places at night, especially in a downtown
area. The landscape should be able to withstand heavy use
by the public without showing signs of wear. If planting
is to be placed on the roofs it should be minimal and
require little maintenance, because of the weight and acces-
sible factors.
Parking should be closely related to the building.
The most direct access of the parking to the library will
usually dictate the entry location or vice versa. As
mentioned in earlier sections the parking for the library
will be a multistory garage to the southwest of the new
wing which will have its pedestrian and vehicular entrance
at the east end of the west half of Wall Street, directly
across from the new entrance to the library. This garage
will also service the Orange County Courthouse across
Magnolia Avenue and the downtown commercial district. Wall
Street will dead-end at this entrance providing access to
Magnolia, holding lanes and dropoff and pickup for library
patrons.
As this parking garage will tie down one side of
the proposed plaza it should work with the present Jaycee
Center to "liven" the space at the plaza level. This level
could contain a small cafe for coffee and doughnuts where
office workers in the courthouse could lounge on their
banks and the Jaycee Center could become a civic center for
senior citizens and daycare center for working women's child-
ren in the downtown area. All of these things would help
the plaza come alive with activity. The plaza itself could
contain library activities and functions which would generate
interest in not only the plaza but the library, and even
the entire downtown.
DEPARTMENTAL ORGANIZATION
With the addition of the new wing being separated
for the existing building by the proposed lobby space,
careful consideration must be made about which departments
and literature will go into the new wing and what will
remain in the existing building. The present library
will retain as many of the programs as it was specifically
designed for, and carry the overflow of others from the
new wing, and provide room for some new departments.
The basement will still contain the Children's
Department, but it will be expanded to take up the area
presently covered by the workroom. The equipment rooms
and auditorium will still function as they do now.
The first floor will be designated for the general
information and reference overflow from the new wing with
the new wing taking the bulk of the material. The second
floor of the present library will still retain the business
administrations through the glass wall dividing it from
the rest of the floor will be removed to allow for the ex-
pansion of the clerical area. In keeping wtih this general
administration usage, the present workrooms on this floor
and stack areas will contain the graphic arts department
data processing, network offices, adult community education
coordinator, typing, and copying rooms.
The roof presently contains the staff lounge. This
will be expanded to the north over the new lobby area.
Departments in the new building will be arranged
by floor according to what departments should be directly
accessible to each other. The basement will not have a
direct connection to the present basement. The bulk of the
retired book storage and mechanical equipment will be
located on this floor.
The first floor will be the most visible and acces-
sible and the largest, thus it should contain the largest
category of reading material, the general information and
reference. Also, on this floor will be the lobby, checkout,
book return, and workrooms. The receiving area and dock
will be on the northwest side of this floor. Around this
receiving area will be the extension division, technical
services, and materials office, all of which deal with
the bulk of receiving and dispersal of books to and from
the library.
The second floor will have the Business, Science
and Technology and the Audio/Visual departments with the
television studio next to the audio-visual section. The
audio-visual and studios should especially be on this
floor so they can be used by the administration on the
same floor level in the existing building. Also this loca-
tion would be central to the entire building and other
departments, thus they would be able to use the audio-
visual equipment and the studios. The microfilm and dark-
room should also be nearby to relate to the audio-visual
section and the studios as well as the graphic arts de-
partment in the old wing.
The third floor will contain fine arts with a sec-
tion set aside for the young adults. This area will con-
tain posters for loan and music listening areas. Also,
local history and geneology will be on this floor with the
rare book collection being a secure area within this de-
partment. This might be placed too close to the young
adults in that the noise level might bother the scholars
perusing the documents in the history collection; however,
the two could be separated by distance or perhaps a wall
to define the limits of each department and prevent one
from disturbing the other. The local history is best
suited for the third floor in that it is not heavily used,
and the people who do use it are there for long periods
thus it can be somewhat isolated from the other floors and
activities.
The fourth floor is for more storage and future
expansion. Upon completion of the new wing, there will be
no more room for a horizontal expansion of the library
without spreading to separate buildings on adjacent sites,
which would cause a disunification of the information and
confusion as to where to go on the part of the library
patrons. Therefore, all future expansion will have to
be vertical. This is acceptable by folloiwng the setbacks
proposed and "piling" the building (in effect) against the
telephone company building. This will allow for a larger
building without ruining the low scale of the new wing.
The fourth floor need not be built during the initial con-
struction, but should be planned for in the initial design
proposals. It could be staged later with the plans and
elevations already prepared so no delay would be made when
construction started. The roof area should have a section
for more mechanical rooms which would not be in the way of
future vertical expansion.
Other minor storage areas, maintenance rooms, public
restrooms, and auxiliary support functions will be placed
throughout the building as to the most convenient locations
Workrooms will be located on the first, second and third
floors as needed and connected by their own elevators and
stairs to provide vertical access without disturbing the
public areas. This will reduce the public awareness of
the inner workings of the library.
The proposed meeting rooms and auditorium will be in
the church, which will eventually be incorporated with the
library. This use by the library does not exclude the use
of the building as a church, however, since the present
congregation of the church only uses the building on Sun-
days and early weekday mornings, the two functions could
be carried on simultaneously with little or no conflict.
ALTERATIONS TO THE PRESENT LIBRARY
The present building is divided into spaces by thick
concrete walls thus precluding any major modification ex-
pansion of them. The new uses put into these spaces will
have to fit into the existing area. However, in several
areas changes must be made. These all involve glass walls
which should be easy to alter. The major exterior changes
will come on the east elevation at the present entrance
to the library and on the west where the new wing will con-
nect to the present building.
The ramp up to the entrance will be taken off and
replaced with a terrace which will stretch almost the entire
length of the original ramp. This will keep people from
thinking the entrance would be in its present location
after it was moved. The initial effect of this alteration
will be a temporary confusion, but, since their new parking
garage will face onto the new plaza and entry, many library
visitors will use this entrance and the confusion will last
for only a short time. Also, there will still be an en-
trance on Rosalind Avenue and the people who come from
the east will only have to go a little north of the present
entrance to get inside the building from Rosalind.
The next major exterior alteration will be the re-
moval of a section of the central glass wall on the north
elevation so the lobby can connect the two wings at this
point. Since this area has no structural elements and
the concrete in other areas would be difficult to breach,
this is the only area the two buildings could connect
without great difficulty or damaging the architecture of
either the library or the church. The entire wall should
not be removed because this would move the new lobby for-
ward to too great an extent on the south elevation of the
church and the north elevation of the library, and would
close off the main service entry to the church.
The last alteration to be discussed here is an
interior one --the removal of the glass partitions be-
tween the present business office and the public area.
Since the whole floor will become a business area, it will
not be necessary and its partial or total removal will
allow for easy expansion of the secretarial and clerical
area, which would combine with other operational functions
of the library administration. However, since the de-
tailing of this wall is quite handsome and could be easily
and accurately copied, the structural elements and details
should be saved and reused elsewhere, and expanded if neces-
sary.
STRUCTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
The present structural system of a concrete waffle
slab and columns seems to function very well. The draw-
backs are that the system is really more for a small build-
ing like the present library in that it does not allow
for large spans of the structural members, the largest
being 39'. The architect used this to his advantage by
integrating the structural system with the architecture
of the building thus making it fairly innocuous, but he
also does not-have any spans over 39'. Though it does not
work for very long spans and other systems are more suited
for buildings on the scale of the new wing, the present
system does offer consolations in that it is a very solid
system with a great compressive strength and capable of
bearing great dead loads, like books. Also, concrete is
very plastic and can be shaped into any form; it will not
require heavy maintenance and it is fireproof.
Therefore, I have decided to continue the present
structural system especially since the first three floor
levels must match the present levels. This will enable me
to match the color of the existing building and change
colors on the north and east elevations to blend with the
church. However, I shall adapt a fairly regular 39' grid
for the interior columnar spacing with load-bearing exterior
walls. The interior walls will be of concrete block with
a rough plaster finish to imitate concrete. These walls
will be able to be breached in the future when expansion
of the enclosed spaces is required.
CODES
The building shall meet all code requirements as
set forth in the Southern Standard Building Codes under
the sections applying to the occupancy classification in
Sec. 404. This section states that the classification
for a public library is Assembly and the construction is
of Type I. Both of these classifications are the easiest
to deal with in terms of the codes.
The sub-classification of the building is large
occupancy with a nonworking stage. Specific restrictions
for this classification are in Sec. 404.6--Interior Finishes,
Sec. 404.8--Supplementary Lighting System, and Sec. 404.9--
Nonworking State. The new wing will not require sprinklering
because enough exits will be provided within the area.
Specific restrictions for the fire exists under
Chapter XI are listed as follows:
1103.2(b): There shall be at least four
exit ways
1104.7(b): Above 75' at least one smokeproof
exit is required
1105.1: 50 square feet net per person
occupancy
1106(c): The walls must have a two-hour
fire resistance
The rest of Chapter XI merely provides standards for fire
exits, which will all be complied with and need not be
set forth here.
In Chapter XII the structural requirements for the
building are set forth. The live load in stack areas is
125 lbs/square foot and 60 lbs/square foot in reading areas.
This concludes all specific code requirements which need
to be pointed out in this section.
SPACE ALLOCATION REQUIREMENTS
Circulation Control/Entry
Circulation Work Space
General Information and Reference
Extension Division
Technical Services
Materials Office
Receiving Dock
Receiving Area, Sorting
Children's Department
Community Relations
Meeting Rooms
Storage
Business Science and Technology
Audio-Visual
T.V. Studio
Microfilming, Darkroom
Fine Arts
Local History
Rare Book Room
Young Adults
Administration,
Staff Facilities
Present
NSF
1,147
1,320
8,476
1,054
1,466
329
264
311
3,026
335
3,058
1,754
2,834
1,389
0
0
2,486
1,767
0
844
1,418
1,634
Proposed
NSF
2,480
2,120
36,382
4,220
4,225
1,000
600
1,210
10,126
635
12,050
30,300
19,770
6,000
2,800
400
15,200
7,660
1,200
4,600
2,915
2,900
Network Offices
Copy Machines
Data Processing
Adult Community Education Coordinator
Typing Rooms
First Aid Room-
Graphic Arts
Storage
Custodial
Equipment Rooms
Toilets
Present
NSF
0
80
0
0
0
0
676
620
400
3,300
535
37,553
Proposed
NSF
300
200
60'0
300
200
150
1,450
2,900
800
8,600
1,500
185,793
37,553 185,793
DEPARTMENT ORGANIZATION
Present Building
(NSF)
Circulation/Entry
Circulation Workroom
General Information and
Reference
Extension Division
Technical Services
Materials Office
Receiving Dock
Receiving Area
Children's Department
Community Relations
Meeting Rooms
Books Storage
Business, Science and
Technology
Audio-Visual
Television Studios
Darkroom and Microfilm
Fine Arts
Rare Book Room
Young Adult
New Wing
(NSF)
2,480
2,120
24,888
4,220
4,225
1,000
600
1,210
635
30,300
19,770
6,000
2,800
400
7,660
1,200
466
11,494
10,126
3,058
148,240
Present Building
(NSF)
2,915
2,900
300
80
600
300
200
1,450
620
400
3,300
535
37,278
New Wing
(NSF)
Administration
Staff
Network Offices
Copy Machines
Data Processing
Adult Community/Ed. Co-
ordinator
Typing Room
First Aid Room
Graphic Arts
Storage
Maintenance
Equipment
Toilets
120
150
2,280
400
5,300
965
123,325
CIRCULATION CONTROL/ENTRANCE
*Extremely important. First
impression of the service,
must have adequate space
but remain integral to
library
*Should seriously consider
automatic sliding doors
for space and traffic
considerations
*Air-lock incorporated in
order to conserve heat
and air-conditioning
*Entry and Exit. Should flow
easily with proper considera-
tion for peak areas and
queing space
*Materials control system
will be present and control
must be reasonable during
exiting process
*Book-retur function must
provide easy disposition of
returned books
Space
Allocation
Entry
Check-out
Book return
Registration
Present Proposed
1,500
600
180
144
1,147
180
2,480
*Registration will be
dated at a 2-3 place
service type desk or
accommo-
public
counter
*2-4 entry lanes
*In person circulation will
probably be at rate of
750,000-1,000,000. (Unsup-
ported) traffic will be
300+ people/day
*Start from here, public
service areas should have
best access from circulation/
entry area
*Must have access for the
handicapped
CIRCULATION WORK SPACE
*The clerical, procedural
operations of overdues
and registration
*Maximum staff utliization
suggests that the area be
immediately adjacent to
circulation lobby as
personnel are interchangeable
*Switchboard needs to be in
area for the same reason,
maximum staff utilization even
for operating schedule
*Area as in all supervisor's
offices, the office should
permit private conversation
for supervisory effectiveness
*Sorting area--there are some
supervisory proven utilization
advantages to having this close
to circulation, but space re-
quirements may outweigh that.
Obviously there must be direct
access to return area of
circulation
Space
Allocation
Supervisory,
Office
Overdue process
Switchboard
Work space
Sorting area
Present Proposed
160
100
900
1,320
1,500
2,120
GENERAL INFORMATION AND REFERENCE
*GIR is the broadest subject
area. Reference department ac-
commodates more informational/
directorial questions than any
other department
*Handles questions received both
by phone and in person
*Complete cross section of users
*Desk should be directly
visible from main entry
*Equal access to shelving from
service desk
*Immediate access to Reference
shelving from service desk
*General visual control over
stacks and lounge area
*Special relationships:
*Immediately adjacent to main
entry and circulation department
*In close proximity to other
public service reference de-
partments: FA, BST, LH, AV
*Direct access to AV
*Staff--Superv.--Libns.--Clerks
1973 1 8 2
1990 1 12 4
Space
Allocation
Service desk
Reader seating
Lounge seating
Shelving, books
Other, vertical
files
Newspapers
Periodical display
Reference
Paperbacks
Maps/Atlases
Card Catalog
Index tables
Display
Workspace, staff
Office, sup.
Special project
space
Present
2,676
3,244
Proposed
6,600
1,500
12,000
120
250
2,000
150
900
150
150
36,382
8,476
EXTENSION DIVISION
*Increasingly important
role in overall operations.
Interlibrary loan, books by
mail and Talking books
are major operations and
require adequate space and
location to minimize cost
*Supervisor and support for
all branches and bookmobiles
*Direct involvement with most
"Extension" type services
*Easy close access to loading
dock-bookmobile materials
branch delivery
shut-in librarian
books by mail (heavy quantity)
Talking books by mail (heavy
quantity)
*Proximity to acquisitions de-
partment. Shelf list for ILL
finding locations of materials.
Shelf list for "quick catalogue"
of gifts and transfer records
Space
Allocation
Office head
Secretary
Clerk, sec. pool
Office, Sup.
Bookmobiles
Branch, joint
reserves
Books by mail
Talking books
Interlibrary Loan
Special projects
Present
Proposed
120
480
140
1,200
800
400
80
1,054
120
4,220
TECHNICAL SERVICES
*Technical services. Incor-
porates all of the behind-
the-scenes preparation of
books (ordering, acquisi-
tion, cataloging, receiving,
physical preparation)
*These space requirements
assume that a significant
proportion of the process-
ing needs (printing, cata-
loging, collating, typing,
etc.) will be accommodated
by outside contract)
*Easy direct access from
receiving desk constant
influx of heavy boxes of
books
*Comparatively the Extension
quantity (Talking books and
books by mail) coming and go-
ing each day to and from load-
ing dock is and will be greater
than technical processes
*Shelf list is a tool used by
numerous other functions
within the library and so
must be reasonably accessible
by corridors and vertical
transportation
Space
Allocation
Office, Sup.
Order functions
Cataloging
Periodicals
Processing
Shelving
In-process
holdings
Shelf list
Mending
Work space,
general
Present
Proposed
1,500
1,446
500
4,225
MATERIALS OFFICE
*Staff function which (1)
advises Director on matters
concerning library resources,
(2) handles advance book plans
and coordinates book acquisi-
tion process as it involves
outside lists, (3) performs
troubleshooting role when
assigned in various areas of
materials handling or service
*Fairly constant relationship to
technical services and so should
be located in immediate proximity
*This office should also handle
gifts
Space
Allocation
Coordinator
Workspace
Books review
table space
Shelving
Present
Proposed
150
200
134
300
1,000
RECEIVING DOCK
*Remarkable amount of
activity takes place here
*3-4 trucks simultaneous
tailgate access
*Covered loading area
*Variable heights or ad-
justable dock
*Ample maneuvering space
*Receiving/sorting/mail
room
*Extension
*Acquisitions
*Vertical, lateral trans-
portation access
Space
Allocation
Receiving dock
Present
264
Proposed
600
RECEIVING AREA, SORTING, MAIL
*Must be ample room to
accommodate in an orderly
fashion all the routine
delivery and mail plus
shipments of materials and
goods into the library
Space
Allocation
Receiving
work area
Sorting area
delivery
Holding area,
receiving and
delivery
Mail station
Storage containers
Present Proposed
84 300
300
400
150
60
1,210
CHILDREN'S DEPARTMENT
*Central service desk
*Service desk.must have
visual control of entire
area
*Collection here backs up
whole system
*Easy access by children
*Visual control of all
access
*No service relationships to
other departments except
audio-visual
*Access should be direct from
circulation control area so
juvenile routes don't conflict
with other functions
*Restrooms designed exclusively
for kids
*Good access to parking-loading
area as program necessitates
daily out-of-building program
activities that require
equipment
*Staff--Superv.--Libns.--Clerks
1973 1 5 1
1 8 2
Space
Allocation
Service desk
Tables
Lounge
Shelving
Present Proposed
912
1,500
600
1,053
Vertical files
Periodicals
display
Reference
Paperbacks
Maps, atlases
Card catalog
Display
Presentations
Work space, staff
Office, supervisor
6,000
400
300
800
3,026
150
10,126
COMMUNITY RELATIONS
*Public/community relations
function plus scheduling
and controlling public
meeting rooms. With addi-
tional facilities staff will
have to be present all
open hours to accommodate
users/groups
*Supervisor of meeting rooms
requires direct access and
so should be in area of
meeting rooms, assuming meet-
ing rooms are generally
together
Space
Allocation
Coordinator
Clerk/steno
Fol. materials
Handout storage
Reception seating
Present Proposed
150
100
50
50
635
*Should be good public access
to community relations as
users will regularly be di-
rected there for program
assistance of matters relating
to public relations
*Staff--Superv.--Clerk/steno--Clerks
1973 1 1 -
1990 1 1 2
MEETING ROOMS
*A generally accepted'
plus for the Library's
ability to give public
service is the meeting
rooms. The frequent
inability to schedule
because of conflicts
suggests a real need.
The library itself is often
stymied by prior commit-
ments to the limited space
*-Some of the space could be
made more versatile by
movable soundproof parti-
tions. It is assumed that
use of miscellaneous spaces
would be.optimized by group-
ing most of the meeting
spaces. These are more than
empty rooms requiring sound
systems, variable lighting,
antennae and video cables
and jacks, screens, chalk
boards, etc.
*Should be generally together
*Should have common lobby
spaces
*Should have independent
exit/entry separate from Cir-
culation lobby but one which
would have optional use (op-
tional to library, not patron)
*Should have direct access from
Circulation/Lobby without noise
incursion upon Public Service/
Reference departments
*Should have visual control
of entry areas of all rooms
*Must have equal access by all
(blind, wheel-chair, etc.)
Space
Allocation
Auditorium
Multipurpose
Present
2,080
Conference room
Lobby space
Lobby space
Toilets
Kitchen
Backstage
Storage
Projection booths
3,058
Proposed
3,000
2,050
900
900
900
300
1,200
600
200
450
1,000
200
12,050
STORAGE, BOOKS, AND PERIODICALS
*Storage area which should
have reasonable access from
public service desk
*Long term, however, will see
them serviced by non-public
service staff
*Maximum storage capability
(maximum height, minimum
aisles)
*No specific requirements
*Reasonable near vertical
transportation
*Initially could be left
with shelving partially
installed to use space
differently (main shelving
will accommodate most every-
thing for some time)
Space
Allocation
Storage, books
Storage, periodi-
cals
Present Proposed
904
850
1,754
15,000
15,300
30,300
BUSINESS, SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY
*Principally serious adult
users (proportionally more
men than other departments)
*Handles information and
reference questions both by
phone and in person, princi-
pally by serious adult users
*Functional relationships:
*Direct access to audio-visual
*In close proximity to other
public service departments
*Service desk clearly visible
from stairs and elevator
access
*Visual control regulated
from service desk
*Immediate access to card
catalogue and reference
shelving from service desk
*Staff--Superv.--Libns--Clerks
1973 1 4 1
1990 1 7 3
Space
Allocation
Service desk
Seating
Shelving
Vertical files
Periodical dis-
play, ref.
Paperbacks
Maps/atlases
Index tables
Card catalogue
Display
Work space, staff
Office, sup.
Special projects
Present
800
1,092
Proposed
150
4,050
12,000
1,600
150
19,770
2,834
AUDIO-VISUAL
*Service, maintain and dis-
pense equipment: video,
recorders, players, projectors
*Service and maintain micro-
film collection and equipment
*Service and maintain selected
resources based upon format:
records, film strips, slides,
films--16mm, 8mm
*Wet Carrell grouping and con-
trol to feed programming to
individuals with audio-visual
priority of formats
*Central to all public service
departments (if there is a
primary orientation, it is to
Fine Arts)
*Easy physical access to meeting
room area
*Close proximity to video and
audio studio
*Staff--Superv.-Libns.--Clerks
1973 1/3 3
1990 1 Technician-1 5
Space
Allocation
Service desk
Vertical files
Microfilm
Records, film-
strips
Audio-visual car-
rells and control
Equipment for
microfilm
Card catalog
Display
Workspace, staff
Office, superv.
Preview room
Present Proposed
160
230
2,620
1,000
468
150
200
6,000
1,389
TELEVISION STUDIO
*Not a full-production type
studio. There will continue
to be production facilities
in the community with better
economics for producing
quality programs
*Will involve some reference
work with video
*Origination of programs via
cable at Library. From tape
or film connection
*Origination of programs
via cable to branch libraries
*Audio studio for creating
original tapes and dubbing
in audio and video work
*Library will be circulating
audio tapes as freely as we
now circulate records
*Outside wall (assumption of
ease of technical adjustments)
*Close to audio-visual area.
There will be many trade-offs of
equipment and personnel (con-
ceivably these functions will be
under a single supervisor)
*Antennae and/or cable feeds
must be considered throughout
building
Space
Allocation
Studio, tv
Studio, audio
Work space
Tape storage
Equipment stor-
age/repair
Present Proposed
1,500
250
2,800
MICROFILMING, DARKROOM
*A dual-purpose room which is
used (internally) for:
1. Copying records which
must be saved
2. Copying library materials
which are no longer
available commercially
3. Copying materials and
discarding originals to
conserve space
4. Photographic darkroom for
internal use (graphic arts,
community relations, pro-
gram documentation, etc.)
*No specific requirement
*No public service access
necessary
*Most logical function or rela-
tionship will be with graphic
arts and/or audio visual depart-
ment
Space
Allocation
Microfilming
darkroom
Present
Proposed
400
FINE ARTS
*Reference service: visual
control of stacks and reading
space from service desk
*Reference service by phone and
in person
*Spatial relationships
*Close proximity to other
public service departments
*Service desk clearly visible
from stairs and elevator
*Visual control of stacks and
reading area from service to
desk
*Service desk access to card
catalogue and reference
*Staff--Superv--Libns.--Clerks
1973 2/3 2 1
1990 2/3 4 2
Space
Allocation
Service desk
Table carrels
Lounge
Shelving
Periodical dis-
play
Paperbacks
Maps/atlases
Index tables
Card Catalog
Display
Workspace, staff
Office, Sup.
Special projects
2,486
Present
Proposed
3,250
600
8,000
2,800
600
150
150
15,200
LOCAL HISTORY
*Local history and geneology
users are generally mature
adults and are regular
visitors or stay for extended
periods (several hours at a
time)
*Out of main traffic
*Easy elevator access
*Special area needed for
Florida collection (possibly
the Rare Book Room)
*Staff--Superv.--Libns.--Clerks
1973 1 2 1
1990 1 3 2
Space
Allocation Present
Service desk 80
Tables and car-
rells 544
Lounge --
Shelving 484
Vertical files 90
Periodicals,
reference 30
Microfilm 60
Maps/atlases 24
Microfilm equip-
ment 44
Card catalog 70
Display 8
Workspace, staff 325
Office, Supervisor --
1,767
Proposed
80
1,500
300
4,000
200
400
150
30
100
70
30
500
150
7,660
RARE BOOK ROOM
*The Library probably will not
acquire and maintaiA a rare
book collection in the normal
sense (searching, bidding,
buying to create a valuable col-
lection for its own sake).
But would render access to the
community interest in generic
books to the degree that gifts
and unusual items would have a
place for display, storage and
stimulation of the idea that
books are valuable records of
society
*No specific requirement
*Local history would get depart-
mental location, other things
being equal
*Could contain the Florida col-
lection and should be related
to the local history department
Space
Allocation
Present Proposed
Rare book room
1,200
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