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TABLE 5 COST HISTORY BY BROAD SUBJECT
Average Average Average % of Average % of Average o Average % of '01--05
No. of Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost
Subject Noof os ost Change ost Change ost Change ost Change % of
Titles Per Title Per Title 2 Per Title 023 Per Title 0304 Per Title
2001-2005 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
ARTS AND HUMANITIES CITATION INDEX
U.S. 503 $1 23 $131 6.5 $141 7.6 $153 8.5 $162 5.9 31.7
NON-U.S. 532 158 170 7.6 191 12.4 218 14.1 235 7.8 48.7
SOCIAL SCIENCES CITATION INDEX
U.S. 822 250 270 8.0 294 8.9 321 9.2 349 8.7 39.6
NON-U.S. 587 497 547 10.1 598 9.3 662 10.7 721 8.9 45.1
SCIENCE CITATION INDEX
U.S. 1,200 786 848 7.9 918 8.3 994 8.3 1,068 7.4 35.9
NON-U.S. 1,676 1,266 1,375 8.6 1,492 8.5 1,622 8.7 1,732 6.8 36.8

SOURCE: LJPERIODICAL PRICE SURVEY 2005

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OIM NEWS http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/6404429.stm

Push for open access to research

Internet law professor Michael Geist takes a look at a fundamental shift in the way research journals become available to the public
Last month five leading European research institutions launched a petition that called on the European Commission to establish a new policy that
would require all government-funded research to be made available to the public shortly after publication.
That requirement called an open access principle would leverage widespread internet connectivity with low-cost electronic publication to create
a freely available virtual scientific library available to the entire globe.
Despite scant media attention, word of the petition spread quickly throughout the scientific and research communities.
Within weeks, it garnered more than 20,000 signatures, including several Nobel prize winners and 750 education, research, and cultural
organizations from around the world.
In response, the European Commission committed more than $100m (E51m) towards facilitating greater open access through support for open
access journals and for the building of the infrastructure needed to house institutional repositories that can store the millions of academic articles
written each year.
The European developments demonstrate the growing global demand for open access, a trend that is forcing researchers, publishers,
universities, and funding agencies to reconsider their role in the creation and dissemination of knowledge.
Access denied

Cancer patients seeking information on new treatments or parents searching for the latest on
childhood development issues were often denied access to the research they indirectly fund
through their taxes
Michael Geist

For years, the research model has remained relatively static.
In many countries, government funding agencies in the sciences, social sciences, and health sciences dole out hundreds of millions of dollars each
year to support research at national universities.
University researchers typically published their findings in expensive, peer-reviewed publications, which were purchased by those same
publicly-funded universities.
The model certainly proved lucrative for large publishers, yet resulted in the public paying twice for research that it was frequently unable to

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4 FLORIDA

IFAS EXTENSION

Florida's Citrus Canker Eradication Program (CCEP):

Annual Economic Impact on Florida's Fresh and
Processed Grapefruit Industry1

Thomas H. Spreen, Marisa L. Zansler and Ronald P Muraro"

Rapid expansion and integration of internaional
trade. increased tourism. and changes in methods of
production in recent decades have increased die
likelihood of Ihc introduction of invasive species to
U S (United States) agriculture Invasive species cam
have adverse en, iroamental and/or eccnomsic impacis
ahcn introduced into a region Economic impacts
include marketing production, and trade implications.

One such minveas species imposing adverse
economic impacts to the Florida cirus industm is a
bacterial disease knoni as citrus canker (caused by
XnelhouomMI sus xaowauhs pv. cir). Citrus canker
causes lesions on the claves, stems. and fruit ofc tr us
rees. The discaso adversely affects the proportion of
fruit intended for the fresh market, servcs to scakcn
citrus Iercs and leads to a reduction in yields and
higher costs of production

The Citrus Canker Eradication Program (CCEP)
was implemented in the mid-1990s in an attempt to

establish guidclnes fr avening the spniad of the
disease Currently there is no biological or chemical
cure for citrus canker. All infected trees and cilus
rees silthin a radius of 1900 feet of an infected rue
must be eradicated (1900-foot rul). On-sile
decntamination ofgroce .orkets, field equipmenL
and packinghouses is also mandatory

Thc current effort to eradicate citrus canker from
the industry, the CCEP. has been mired in
controversy associated with public opinion and legal
action A benefit-cost analc sis \as conducted to
determine s whether the CCEP is. indeed, a useful
policy tool In combaims the economic ramificariins
associated th citrus canker,

In the anal sis prenscond in this papcr, the
benefits of the CCEP anr predicted through an
analysis of th Florida citrus industry under the
scenano that citrus canker has become endemic. The
estimated net change in revenue in the fresh aid
processed markets and the additional costs of

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Plant Pathology Fact Sheet

Bacterial Spot of Tomato and Pepper

Tom Kncharek, Professor, Extension Plant Pathologist 1979, Revised Nov. 2000

Fl rJ- ts" patlv il. abrras.ns*fv sl. In -ltllt ,r hw l aI A 0-ulLrI 'kli t-r / Unlrsritydrf Flo / Chrmi(nS Waildiii. lWtn

Cause and Symptoms

Bacterial spot of tomato and pepper is a
serious disease because it has a high rate of
spread, especially during periods with wind
driven rains, because adequate control mea-
sures are not available, and because fruit symp-
toms reduce marketable fruit Bacterial spot is
caused by the bacterium, Xminthlon rons nprstis
pv, 'sicaloria (X.c.). Entry into the plant oc-
cur- wh,,i b.,. rer..i .elil p.,is ihiou' Fh r.ir.njal
pl l, I',1 t pI.t,11 1g l,'*.I. ahle ,ind hI% [I,, L 1., I
wounds made by wind driven soil, insects, or
cultural operations. This bacterium can beseed-
transmitted. Temperatures of 75-87 F are ideal
for bacterial spot, but it can occur at lower and
higher temperatures.

Lesions can occur on leaf parts (leaflets
and petiole) and fruitparts (fruit, peduncle, and
calyx). Stems are also susceptible but usually
the other foliage parts are infected to a greater
J, .pgre I', ..ulu i l u .in r>',,.us rl'quLnur L v in II, A
laboratory; however, certain symptoms, espe-
cially those on the fruit, are suggestive of bac-
terial spot. On tomatoes, distinct leaf spots with
or without yellowing occur (Figure 2). Indi-
vidual leaf spots are not more than 1/8 inch
across unless they coalesce with each other,
which results in browning of entire leaflets.
Spots restricted by leaf veins are sometimes
angular while those not restricted by veins may
be somewhat round. Leaf spots often are

sunken on the upper leaf surface. Leaf spots
and fruit spots tend to be aggregated. Fruit
spots often begin as dark specks with or with-
out a white halo (Figure 1). As the spots en-
large, they become raised and scab-like, The
centers of older spots may be sunken. In pep-
per leaves, spots may be similar to those in to-
mato. However, leaf spots in pepper tend to be
lighter in color in the centers of the spots (Fig-
ure 3). Also, in some situations, larger spots
tlh flief-nile .ll-r-s.j i g ..in . 41 ITr|ll yl' i 11 n' l' r .4r, -. rn al.l r wI I0I. ii.
tomatoexcept that spots in pepper may appear
blistered.

Control

Control isachieved by using several techniques
I.-..-eter Durinv; period s.-r: d-d *:iiA .rair
i01 .- lll.iile ,sn Ol iiin m. jF s Ari .41,IJ|u i
Purchase seed that has been treated with acid
or bleach to reduce inoculum on the seed. De-
stroy volunteer tomato and pepper plants. Do
not place transplant beds or greenhouses near
functional or abandoned tomato or pepper
fields. Purchase only certified disease-free
transplants. Spray plants with a tank mix of
m ,ilr p l','p O-r 1,r Mk n ..l,'l'r ..n ,,. 1 il, .- ai .
.nl IplI ... rpl'r prin i<,n l ,s iurr n,. ,.. IIis
disease. An approved phage (bacterial virus)
can be used. Maintain a residue of these mate-
rials on plants so that when heavy rains occur,
some protection is available. Sprays applied to
the plants before rain or irrigation are most ben-

PP-3

258titlesconsistingofovr800vlume

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RESOURCE COUNT IN UFDC

Collection Name Titles Items Pages
African Studies General Collections 56 72 3787
Digital Library of the Caribbean 529 1053 26480
**e***** ***4*e**e************t********e******* **e**************4 ****.******

University of Florida Herbarium Specimen Collections 3 3 3
University of Florida Institutional Repository 258 839 16230
Total Count 32679 35847 579975

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