I~ w7e'iV


Vol. XXV.


W WASHINGTON; TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1824.


4'


MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 6, 1824.

The PRESIDENT transacted business in the
City two or three days last week, and returned
to his seat in Loudoun.

We are enabled to state, for the information of
our fellow.citizens of the District, that the Com-
mittee appointed by the Corporate authorities of
Washington, to make arrangements for the re-
ception and accommodation of Gen. LAFAYETTE,
on his arrival here, have given every attention to
the interesting duty assigned to -them, and have
taken such measures, as they hope will meet the
wishes of their fellow-citizens, ..uch of these
arraTrIgmernts as it will haenecessary.to make
public beforehand, will be announced in a few.
;' f days. .
General LAFAYETTE departed from Boston, on
Tuesday last, on his visit eastward, to Salem,
.Newharyport, &c. as far as Portsmouth. The
May)r of Boston took him in the carriage provi-
ded' fQr him by the city, to Charles River Bridge,
where he took his leave. The General then quit-
ted the carriage, arid took his seat in one provid-
ed by -the Governor, on behalf of the State, and
which, under an escort of cavalry, and accompa-
nied b the Governor's aids, was to convey him
to the New Hampshire line, and to receive him
at that line on his return to Boston. Great pre-
Sparations wer': making wherever he was expect-
ed, to do him honor, though his journey east-
ward was to be very rapid, as he was tq spend
Wednesday in Portsmouth and return to Boston
by noon on Thursday. The Boston Centinel
X says, of his visit to that city, that the entire
week dui ing which we were honored with- the
presence of.Gen. L.rFAYETTE, was one festive ju-
bilee,, in which h ALL HEARTS united, and ALL
HANDS participited." t The General would leave
Boston the day after his return to it, on his way
south, and hasi tetitbned as a reason for his hasty
movements, that he feels himself called on by a
,sense of propriety to visit the seat of government
at early as practicable, aid that it is intention to
S return to Boston the next spring,'" prior to his
Sretun to France."
The General made the following reply to the
address of the Cincinnati Society of Massachu-
setts on the 27th ult.
"Amidst the inexpressible enjoyments'which
S pcess upon my heart, I could not but feel particu-
larly eager and happytio meet_ my-e*oi'r b.
others in arms. Many, many, I call in vain; and
at the head of them, our matchless paternal Chief,
whose love to an adopted son, I am proud to
"sa, you have long witnessed. But while we
-,,Ikourn together for those we have lost, while I
VJnd a consolation, in the sight of their relations
n i.rid friends, it is to me a delightful gratification,
to recognize-my surviving companions of Our re-
volutionary army-that army so brave, so virtu-
ous, so united by mutual confidence and affection.
That ~we have been the faithful solfliers of inde-
pendence, freedom, and equality, those three es-
sentiak requisites of national and personal dignity
and happiness; that we have lived to see those sa-
-tred principles secured to this vast Republic, and
cherished elsewhere by all generous minds, shall
be the pride of our life, the boast of our children,
the comfort of our last moments. Receive, my
dear brother soldiers, the grateful thanks, and
constant love, of your old companion and friend."
Commodoref Stewart.-The following letter
from Com. STEWART to the editors of the New
York American refers no doubt to certain reports
respecting his official conduct in the Pacific, cir-
culated in the newspapers, a month or two ago,
and on which we had occasion to express an opin-
ion at the tithe


NO LK, SEPT. 1.--dfrican Colonization.-
We are happy to learn, from good authority, that
the benevolent and patriotic cause of the Ameri-
can Colonization Society, is daily gaining ground
among our citizens, and promises more and more
to realize eventually all the hopes of its friends.
We understand that zealous efforts are now
making to increase the number of Auxiliary So-
cieties in different quarters, and that two new
ones have been lately established in our State,
one in Suffolk and one in Smithfield. Another
has also been organized in Murfreesborough, N.
Carolina. The officers of all these Societies are
gentlemen of the first respectability, who appre-
ciate the undertaking, and' are prepared to give
it all their aid.-Herald.
Colombian Expedition.-By the brig Hiram,
from.Laguira, we learn that the expedition for
Peru was to sail from Porto Cavello bi the 20th
of August. 'Com. Daniels had gone to tak- the.
command -fof-the fleet, in ordcr ht cuoui6y,, the
troops to Chagres.-N. Y. Corn. ddv.
NoAFOtLKSEPr. 0.-Festivalht York Town.-The
preparations making throughout the State, to wel
come the hoary veteran to the scene of his gloriws
exploits, are such'as to authorize the expectation
that the heights of York will present, on the 19th of
'October next, a spectacle upon which the mind of
every friend to the honor and dignity of the United
States may dwell with peculiar complacency
and delight. Among other arrangements cal-
culated to give eclat to the occasion, we are
pleased to learn that Colonel FxEwiOc com-
manding at Fortress Monroe, has determined to
march the whole of the United States' Artillerists
consisting of ten Companies, stationed at tha
military post, to York Town, in time to join in
the celebration. To this martial corps, embodying
if our eyes do nt deceive us, the very flower
of the Army, is attached a splendid band, daily
improving in the science of music. This band
united with those belonging to the elegant Vol-
unteer Corps of Richmond, Petersburg, Lynch
burg, Winchester, Staunton, Fredericksburg
Alexandria, Washington, and though last no
least, those of Suffolk, Portsmouth, and our own
town, all of which, doubtless, will associate as
a band of brothers to honor the Hero, will form
a tout en-semble, of harmonic melody, that wil
give attraction and effect to ,the other arrange-
ments.
We may add to these fine Corps, the hand-
some Companies of Cavalry, Infantry, (and we
believe) Artillery of Isle of Wight, Surry, Sussex,
Southampton, Williamsburm, New Kent, York
Hampton, Gloucester, Matthews, and many other
towns and counties on the Eastern Shore anc
other parts of our State, who will be eager to of-
fer their devotion on the altar of patriotism,whicl
will burn with new and exhilarating incense on
that festive occasion.-Beacon.
STEAM BOAT POTOMACO,
September lst, 1824.
To Captain Jenkins, commandihng tie steam boat Potomac.
Sm- ` TliS undersignid, passeg-er's ton board
the Potomac, take this method of expressing their
gratitude to you, for your unexampled mechanic-
al skill, diligence, and good conduct, during a
passage from Norfolk to the City of Washington,
at a moment of considerable alarm, produced by
the loss of the Pinion Wheel, and exposed to
a heavy sea, during a severe blow, in the Chesa-
peake Bay, off the river Rappahannock.
At.the same time, the undersigned desire to ex-
press their sincere thanks to Captain Crocker, of
the' steam-boat Petersburg, (then in company) for
his prompt assistance in towing the disabled Po-
tomac into the Rappahannock.
Very respectfully, your obedient servants,
Thos. H. Edwards, Richd. Forrest, for self and
Henry Cheseldine, family,
Robert Blacklock, William Bowers,
Jas. S. Brander, for self John Ross,
and family, Leonard Adams,
Thomas Berry, James Hendricks,
Spencer D. Cattin, for self Benjamin King,
and" family, Wm. P. Zantzinger, United
Seraphim Masi, States' Navy,
Samuel Cuosby, Robert M. Rose, U. States'
Francis F. Marbury, Navy,
William Gray, William L. Scott,
Philip Evans, Caleb White,
H. Brundige, John R. Fitzhugh,
Henry H. Shield, Thomas Talbert.
tJames Morrison,

MARRIED,
At Wilmington, N. C. the Rev. WILLIAM HOGAN
late Pastor of St. Mary's church in Philadelphia, to Mrs.
M'KAY, of that place.


UNITED STATE' SHIP FBANKLIT, I
NVew York, Sept. 1, 1824. 5 DIED,
GENTLrE :; I observe in your paper of yesterday, In this city, on the 1st instant, Mr. JOHN McLAUGH-
some remarks on the arrival of the United States ship LIN, Printer, late of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.
Franklin, under my command.
The estiniationfin which you profess to holdme, as there LIME FOR SALE.
declared, entitles you to my acknowledgements and CASKS of the best quality o" LIME, just re
thanks; as, also, that you are among those editors whlo 600 ceived by the brig Dodge I aly, Capt. Hathon,
'have abstained from assisting mnthe "circulation of those Master, all in good order, and for sale, by H. LANG-
discreditable rumorss" to which you allude. However LEY, Tiber Creek, 12th street wharf
much I may lament the public and private circulation of sept 6-d6t '
such reports on my own account, through -malevolence,
envy, or ignorance, during an absence of thlee years, PACKAGE SALE OF HARDWARE,
distant trom the pmintofciciculation tour orfive-thousauad i Y W. C. HULL1, & Co. New York, on Wednegsdav
miles, both as repects my own personal and official re- 1 15th September, at 9 o'clock, at their Auction
putation, as established through a course of arduous ser- Itoom :
vice,in a period of twenty.six years, through three wars, 750 packages Birmingham and Sheffield Hardware,
tive patriot f ttlese Un cannot but reret stillmore s effect comprising a very choice and extensive assortment of
ti patriot of thee United tatestheinjurious effectnew Fall Goods-t-also, Domestic Hardware and heavy
of those reports abroad, on our national and naval char- goods. Likewise-
acter, as well'as the exhibit-it will make of the want of 25 casks card wire,
common justice and candor in our fellow-citizens, (the 10 tons London steel.
editors) in thus representing a national officer in a high- Catalogues the day previous-terms at sale.
ly responsible command, on difficult and delicate for- sept. 6-
eign service.
The rumors to which you allude have never before UNIVERSIT'Y OF PENNSYLVANIA.
reached me: but they are, I understand, of such a na-
Sture, that if only one half of what is charged had been
committed by me, I assure you, this country would never e rnHE MEDICAL LECTURES will begin, as usual, on
* again have borne myfootsteps, or you have been troub- A. the first Monday of November next.
led with these remarks. Should, however, there ap. PHILIP S. PHYSICK, M. D. on Anatomy.
pear any just grounds of complaint against official duties JOHN REDMAN GOXE, M.D. on Materia Medica.
or conduct during my command in the Pacific, they NATHANIEL CHAPMAN, M. D on Theory and
ought to be exhibited to the executive branch of the Practice ofMfmedicine.
government, who has the power, and knows too well THOMAS C. JAMES, M. D. on .MVidwifery.
how much it comports with the interests of the nation. ROBERT HARE, M. D. on Chemistry.
and the honor of the government, not to institute such WILLIAM GIBSON, M. U. on Surgery.
inquiries, or require such -explanations as shall satisfy WILLIAM E. HlORNER, M. D. adjunct Professor of
themselves and the country of the justice of the allega- Anatomy, aud Dean of the Medical Faculty.
tions,.or the innocence of the officer. CLINICAL LEGC i'LBES will be delivered during the
To me it belongs to furnish, when called on, (if not Sessioni at the Alms-House Infirmary, where the amplest
done sufficiently already) such -xplanations sand evi- accommodationsand most convenient arrangements hiavt
-dences as tie nature of the case mayrequire. I have the been made for the purpose, on the Practice of Physic,
-honr -to be, respectfully, your obediefit servant. by Dr. Chapman, and on Surgery by Dr. Gibson,
WIS. STEWART. I aug24-2awtlNov NI


LATEST NEWS FROM EUROPE. There have been divisions among the Greeks, e
-- it is true, and treason has been at work, but as o
NEW YORK, SrPT. 2.-The packet ship Co- to the latter, we refer the reader to tie letter from ih
rinthian, Captain Davis, sailed from Liverpool Zante, which will be found below ; nd it is con- o
on the 26th of July, and arrived at this port yes fidently stated that the divisions anoung the chiefs f
terday afternoon. The ship Montano, Captain in the Morea have been almost entirely healed, t
Smith, also arrived last evening, in 35 days from private feelings, and interests beig nobly sus- c
Havre. By these -arrivals, the Editors of the pended or stifled by the patriotic notive of unit- s
Commercial Advertiser have received their usual ing for the defence of the county against the
supply offoreign journals to the latest dates, viz. common enemy. f
London of the evening of the 24th, Liverpool of It is asserted from Cerigo, that t mutiny had
the 26th July, and Paris of the 2Sd. We have broken out in the fleet of the Capitin Pacha, and
also received files of the London Courier to the that the Turkish Commander had bten assassina-
26th of July inclusive, by arrivals at Boston. ted by his crew This rumor, however, is enti-
The papers are very barren of interest. There tied to no credit.
are some items, however, which have not before A letter to John Bowring, Esq. from Prince
been noticed. Mavrocordato, dated Missolonghi, June 4, states
BRITISH AFFAIRS. that the Greeks were no longer in alarm from the
War n India.--The London Courier of the extensive preparations of t&e Turks, all the at-
24th of July, contains amnple and interesting de- tempts on the north having failed, and little dan--
-..ails of the commeneincement of the war against the, ger being aiprehenderld oI the South from the
- Burman Empire, from Calcuttapapers and letters Egyptian forc'-. 'lu whole .,,,- 4f Ti"rat
to the 11th of-March. .It appears that the Bur- Zeituni amounts to onlv four thI.,.-r.rd men, and
mese had poured down in great numbers, and at- the column, which had been ordered to advance
Tempted to secure possession of the country by on Carpenissa remains stationary for want of
" erecting stockades to cover their positions, skil- strength to proceed.
fully selecting the strongest and most advintage- A letter fr-om Tripolitza, June 6, says-" Co-
Sous grounds to establish themselves an:' plant locotroni himself, Rietro Bey, and a fev others,
their fortifications. From several of these they were leave this place on the 12th for Missolonghi, to
gallantly driven by the force under Lieut. Col. make their peace with the government, and offer
Bowen, though at one time there appears to have i cordial co-operation for the common cause."
Y been not less than 5,000 Burmese engaged. The It is also asserted, that Omer Brionis, in con-
last attack, however, was not so successful, and fert with the Pacha of Scodra, had offered to
the British detachment was obliged to retire, af- euter into an offensive and defensive alliance with
o ter experiencing a loss of several officers and 150 the Greek government, proposing'at the same
Sepops killed and wounded. That of the enemy, time to make the Greeks the important cessions
' was still more severe, though he repelled the of Arta, Prevesa, and the Five Wells, whilst
storming party. It is said to have amounted td Omer should establish the seat of his own iode-
500 men, and a few days after he voluntarily evai pendent power at Berat. Fresh accounts from
, cuated the stockades which he had so bravely d- Semlin and Belgrade still assert that Devisch
r fended. The British having by that time receif- Pacha was signally defeated at Thermopyle, and
ed reinforcements, had resumed the offenses, to crown all these cheering and triumphant indi-
and moved forward in pursuit, cations of the favorable progress and result of the
TheW arint-frica.---DespatchesfromCape Cast campaign, advices from Alexandria assert that
to May 12th had reached England. The Asian- no preparations whatever are making for the em-
t tees had pushed their successes nearly t/ the barcation of the threatened Egyptian expedition ;
Gardens, four miles from the Castle, but nl ap- that the corps which could be embarked does not
1 prehensions were entertained of an attack. bome exceed 6000 men, and that, besides, it was never
s further reinforcements- were expected, wen it really intended to send this force to the Morea,
l was intended to give battle to the natives. r but to Candia, which the Pacha of Egypt is en-
I The Jlgerine ,ar.-A letter from Giiraltar deavoring to conquer for himself.
- notices the sailing of several bomb and hortar FRANCE.
vessels, which had been lying there some the, for Paris dates are of the 24th. The.Emperor of
- Algiers, from which circumsc.nce it was Oiferred Russia has conferred orders of knighthood on all
that an immediate attack would take plafe-the the French Marshals and Generals, and many
whole of the British vessels being then assembled other officers employed in the Spanish campaign
There. But it is asserted in one of' tiheondon The Congress of Johannisberg was broken up,
papers, that hostilities against the Algetes have and the Russian Minister, M. de Tatischeff arri-
been suspended, in consequence of the iterposi- ved at Frankfort on the 15th, and Prince Metter-
tion of the Porte, with the view to effect an ac- nich, a day or two after.
Scommodation with Great Britain. n Some further details of the destruction of pro-
The Courier declares that the question of send- perty by the inundation of the country bordering
ing troops to Portugal, either British or Hanover- on the Elbe, are given in the continental papers.
ian, is at an end. As regards the affairs of Por- 'he waters attained the greatest height in the
tugal, the only step that the Cabinet have taken, night of the 28th of June; the stream at the last
is to increase the naval force in the Tagus. dates had receded within its ordinary channel.
it is behieved4ih-.a-ren-orrny'tl-rwbiectsdiscussed Th +rn t oR, tfsolation tl, t it has left lbelMrisi,
- at the Cabinet meetings mentioned above, tie ex- are very melancholy. The bursting of a great
pediency of immediately recognizing the mde- dyke near Prague, occasioned by yast torrents of
pendence of the South American States was a rain, is said to have been the chief cause of this
prominent one. The Times of the 24th says-it misfortune.
was current on Change, that a measure was about misfortune.SPAIN.
to be adopted by the British Cabinet, in relation We have no later intelligence from Spain.
to the new States of America, but it did not as- The correspondent of the Morning Herald, at
sume any definite shape. The belief was, how- Madrid, after communicating various facts, which
ever, so general, that it was of a nature to lead to we have already published, writes as follows :
f the speedy acknowledgment of independence, The chiefs in the public offices seem only occupied
r that many very large purchases were effected in in satisfying their vengeance or their cupidity-every
the securities of those countries, which, in conse- thing and place is bought and sold, and the bargains
quence, underwent a material improvement in made with the most shameless effrontery. These things
value, are now so public, that complaints and reproaches are
he Marquis of Tastings landedand assumed heard from all sides. The well-disposed Royalists are
he Marquis of Hastingsin affliction ald despair ,of their country's situation. The
the government of Malta, Oil the 7th of June. Constitutionalists are alternately in a state of stupor and
The immense estates of the Marquis of Or- alarm. Both parties blame France for not putting an
mond, one of the largest properties in the king- end to some of the most crying evils, which she might
dom, are to be sold at auction, easily do with the aid of the force she has in the country,
'[e D e of Y is a g If' some step of this kind be not taken, either the
The Duke of York had issued a general order French army must remain here eternally, or else the mo-
that the officers of the British army should no ment it quits the country an explosion will take place,
longer distribute bibles, or collect subscriptions the consequences of which cannot fail of being most
for bible societies. disastrous to all parties. The amnesty is now convert-
Government have given orders for every atten- ed, by means of its exceptions, into an engine to perse-
tion and respect being shown to the cute or mulct the most peaceable citizens. The pre-
tion and respect being shown to the remains of ended friends of religion and royalty are straining their
the late King and Queen of the Sandwich Islands utmost efforts to discredit both one and the other, and
in their conveyance to Owyhee, for which pur- there is little doubt but they will succeed, though not
pose the Bloade frigate, Lord Byron Captain, at meaning to, do so. Already, strange sentiments are
Woolwich,isorderedtoreceivethem,tosetherwith hazarded, both upou one subject and the other.
This is the sad picture we have before our eyes here;
the Admiral and ,uite, and proceed to that island, nor is the prospect in the provinces any thing of a
.merican Stocks, July 23.-Three per cents more cheering nature. The repugnance to pay the tax-
80; Sixes, 1823, 98 a 94; '14, none ; '15, 100 es is becoming every day more strongly pronounced.
to 102 ; U. S. Bank Shares, .24 10s. This feelings still further augmented by the ignorance
and inaptitude of the collectors of the revenue, men
THE GREEKS. chosen for no other reason but their furious attachment
The accounts from the Greeks, derived through to the Royal cause. The conscription (Quidata,) also
the German papers, are of course of a gloomy meets upon all points with the most serious obstacles
character. Ever since the commencement of the The people cannot be persuaded but that the new le-
Greek revolution, the Austrian Observer has been vies are destined for South America. Several fresh ar-
prophesying and announcing evil things. But rests have taken place, amongst others the rich jeweller
prophesying ng Cabrero, and Captain Sierra. The charge against them
the general aspect of the intelligence from Greece is, having taken part in the affair of the 20th of March,
is of a character highly favorable. The death of 1820. The day before yesterday, four men were hang-
Lord Byron was a serious loss to them, as he ed for a robbery committed in the house of a wax mer-
was at the head of the committee to superintend chant; seven others are, it is said, quickly to share the
the management of the english loan. Thle other s"me fate. These siumenrous examples do not seem in
t siers were, ol. oo t the least to check the evil-robberies are committed
two commissioners were, Col. Gordon and M. daily and hourly here. Within the last few days, an
Lazarro Conduziatte. The Greek Telegraph, Officer of the RovalVolunteers concealed himself ii the
published at Missolonghi, says, had we not house ufone of his friends, a watch-maker, and wili<
suffered that irreparable loss (of Byron) the nie- the family went out, he broke open a desk, took the
cessary sums would have been assigned for the mfneny it contained, as also several of the- most valuable
watches lie has been taken up, and will, it is thought,
equipment of the fleet and the army, as well as notwithstanding his royalism, be elevated to the honors
for fortifying the important places of Missolon- of the gibbctt."
ghi an-I Anatolico, in Western, and Athens, in 1PORTUGAL.
Eastern Greece. All the arrangements were The Paris papers received in London, say, that
made ; but the death of our noble fellow citizen the King of Portugal continues to act with me-
first caused a total stagnation, and then'the ab- deration, but it is thought he tniust aet with more
sence of Col. Gordon, who could not foresee how energy. Tbhe Queen gatve a grtn necessary his presence would be, will prolong more than 300 of hir friend; aud !ter son's v -re
this state of uncertainty, the consequences of assemibbhd It is said this fete was ,iven uto brave
Which may be most fatal. Meantime the enemy the Auith'riiy of .'v,.r-iileiit: iut he day fo!o
,is making the most active preparations to attack lowing, all thi-si who wcie pFt'esi c were' timslpt)-
us, and the entire want of money hinders ourgi- rarily exiledil froni Lishliui., *h;:h pro",i that Jet-
vernment from taking the necessary measures i.' ticoat gmv' nihien isa as ni. -t. as it is lyrn-Ii.-
defence. Besides this, Col. SIanlhope, who was cal. 'lie l-Us tih 'i c ..:!io), :ictl by a t,"etrai c Ir-
appointed to act provisionally for Col. Gordon, cular to ali th, .ili ti'.:i. i,: r.v: l- ,t.gtAn.i- tt-Id
has been obliged, by important private altiirs, Ministers at idiert -.' .r t l'.u' i ,ei, i,- :so-
suddenly to return home. The loan, however, lution to give, a:,'hi, nitl :rMinm-,:i.a co '.li S,.t i,.',
had been ratified, and part of the money *Ihl:vwr- Lisbon papcra Jmuy L il. e .l- ,. ,eei 'l -, i.'cd I'
ed at Missolonghi, and part at Hydra. 'The saa- London, in ,,vhiJi 5 cu, ., s-. t':lc ,", re. (1150, j
sonable supply would invigiu-ate the military ope- Governmenct atdi tihe i'rerncs .7,-i;:;ae h!t' t,.m.; i
rations, and have a beneficial effect on the spirits published, together ilh ani -i... .ct ir'p- a de-i
and comforts of the Greek troops, patch from Count de Villelt to M. de Neutville,


expressing a decided approbation of his conduct
on the 80th of April. This despatch also author-
zes M. de Neuville to accept the title of Count
f Bemposta from the King of Portugal, and in-
forms him that he is appointed Grand Cross of
the Legion of Honor. The Directors of the Bank
of Lisbon have declared a dividend for the first
six mouths, of thirteen and a half per cent.
Extract of a private letter of the 16th of June,
from Zante:-
"The solemn tone of an Anti-Christian Journal, which
represents itself to be well informed, and which really is
so, because it is the direc-tor of the plan of the Ottoman
campaign, announced disasters which Heaven has al-
ready in great part averted. It is known that tlie Turks
succeeded in throwing a reinforcement of 2000 men into
the Isle of Euboea, and revictualling Negropont at the
moment when that place was upon the point of capitu-
lating. This intelligence was no sooner know here
than the Government learned tblt the Austrian brig Le
Pollux of Ragusa, laden with priae s itc.r the Turks at
Vatras, was to sail from Le.'-lorn with 70,.000 double pi-
astres, furnished by the house of Grabau to the order of
eiih i- "* ~-ygt, and thalt tV,;. moniev was
destined to corrupt Colocotrolif-and some other Greek
chiefs. This notice soon afforded a clue to a conspira-
cy hatched at Missolonghi by Caralcysos, who coiCmaind-
ed part of the garrison of that place. A seizure was
made of a correspondence which he kept up wh1 .iussuff
Pacha, in virtue of which 3000 Turks were to make a
sortie from Lepanto, and take possession of Missolonghi,
which the traitor would have surrendered to them. !'he
Ottoman division stationed at Patras would havt- se-
conded the movement. The day was fixed, and advice
thereof hd already reached Ipatas, when a post of 300
Greeks. stationed at the defile of Mount Taphias or Kaki
Scala, seized the despatches of Caralcysos, which were
immediately sent to Mavrocurdato. Thie !at:cr despatch"
ed forthwith reinforcements towards Kaki Scala,leaving
Caralcysos, e'0o never suspected that his letters had
been read, to make a favorable reply to Jussoff Pacha.
Three thousand Turks immediately mal-rched towards
the defile, where they were assailed with such im-
petuosity that very few of them regained Lepanto.
The naval division which had sailed fi-om Patr's, being
informed of what bad passed, came to anchor on the 2d
inst. and has since sailed towards the Levant. Caralcy-
sos is in prison. Mr. Black, an English merchant, and
Count Lagothote of Zante, are charged to pay over the
loan to the Hellenist government. M. Blaquiers has re-
ceived advice from the committee of the P hilo-Hellenist
Society of London,. of the early arrival of a frigate de-
stined to set on fire the Turkish fleet which is expected
upon the coasts of the Morea. The vessels of Hydra,
Ipsara, and Spezzia, are ready to put to sea. The intre-
pid Constantine Canaris is on board the admiral's ship.
Forty thousand Greeks in the Merea are prejor oppose themselves to the Ottoman forces, whose object
is to make themselves masters of Navarin in order to
winter there."
AUGSBURG, JULY 12.-We have received let-
ters from Semlin and Belgrade, which give cir-
cuinstantial details of the defeat of a part of the
army which Derwisch Pacha caused to advance
into Livadia, according to orders received from
Constantinople; and which was to proceed from
thence to the Negropont, to join the army of the
Captain Pacha. This project of a junction, how-
ever, completely failed; the detached body of
the Derwisch Pacha amounted to between 8 and
9,000 men; he thought to force the important
pass of Thermopyle, but the Greeks under Ni-
cetas, after making a feint to retire, fell unex-
pectedly on them, and after completely dispers-
-inm th ton -poQeoaianOnfdl-the artiiterymWrd-
materiel. Derwisch Pacha,- wi Ji had ,.-, -..r: l
with the other forces as far as Zeitouny, fell back
on Larissa, where he again took a defensive posi-
tion. Thus has the first part of the Turkish ex-
pedition completely failed, and it is to be hoped
that the same will happen to the expedition from
Egypt. hp to ti

A CARD.
IT is my intention to commence a Course of Law Lee
Stores in this place on the first Monday in November
next. It is contemplated to deliver two Lectures each
week, and on every lecture day to institute a strict exa-
mination on'the subjects of the preceding lecture. The
course, it is presumed, will occupy the whole year ; 2
thet doctrines of the Common Law, and of Equity, toge.
their with the subject of Constitutional Law, will-all be
examined in as much detail as that length of time will
permit. Should the young gentlemen of the class de.
sire it, every facility in my power will be afforded to aid
them in the conduct of a society for the discussion of
questions of law, and the acquisition of a knowledge of
pleading. ,
The distance of a large portion of the Statte from the
valuable Schools already existing in Virginia, alone en-
courages me to hope that such an establishment here
may prove useful. Notwithstanding this argument in
its favor, yet, when I consider my slender claims upon
the public confidence, I find so little reason to be san.
_ga&ie as to my success in forming a School, that I must
respectfully request those who desire to become mem-
bers of my class to have the goodness to notify their
intention at as early a day as practicable. I shall then
have it in my power to give them timely notice, should
the prospect of success not justify my commencing a
Course of Lectures.
SHII. ST. G. TUCKER.
Winchester, Aug. 17, 1824.
0(0 Ticket of admission 75 dollars. Boarding may
be had at the best houses at from Sl20 to $150.
aug 20-3taw6wN(
LAND FOR SALE.
WAOR sale, my tract of land in Albemarle County,here-
Ii tofore my residence, consisting of 3,50. acres, about
2000 of which are of the best mountain quality, and 1500
lying below the mountain, and extending frui,i it, gener-
ally of good quality, and remarkably well timbered and
watered. The tract lies on the south side of the RIivanna,
aibranch of James itiver, navigable for batteaux to Milton,
which is within three and a half miles. It is five miles
from Charlottesville, and six from the University. Uf its
advaitageou.i situation tor health and society, no remark
need be nimade here. The estate has all ihe usual. rn-
provements un it, a commodious dwelling house, Luild-
]igs for servants, and other domestic purposes; good
siudales, Iwao hars, with thtreshing rltc-ines, a gr:s' and
saw mil, with good houses for nisauagxrs and ltJ,orers,
wtell psated for each purpuoce, and all in good repair.
The tract may be d.'i-ded, sdvantageously, into several
paltt, and will be so disposed of it desired. The pay-
ient of the purchase money may be made by iiital-
mcts, willth a very Iioeral credit, to be as.'ieed o at the
time ol sale. Tie Furniture, and the stock ofeevery kind,
rr-A-; he sold ,,'ih th'e -.ndI.
I have also foir sahi Ro'llher tract, of rather mrore than
700 :cres, 3 miles Ociujw Miltii, \ iis in I ot the riv cr,on
II- n)-ti -ii'.,ered ai.d watt.red, and h-is a vat ',kh Ti-ii oh hI;nu
s-nu e passim, throu h it. Tiii '.,,: is ,i'i'i,-l-.:i i ',, muo
n'''i.i:,, en.'', ihh iinl on it :; crrc i ,bl'," S'r'h ,::*.<* .*"r> coint' ,O.
1:u- :iir.a mail Ik-',. wiilh '>n'.'--- .' i -i' l -;
:'"V.I" 1vi' -e siV. i".,' i;i;; il"'.r : '. kt sF tt:-,:, .-:; for
o, 1 ei. :..;Snl i- -' :: ii "" "ci ; :' "-' i1105



--" .. .d *^ !',', *.+'- i.l. ,,, ;''., w i :', c ,s 'ill be
i, :ol ;2'1 e iti 1ti' 1.," ie t':: it i* .)l ut bi very
tcm i'abl-e to ,;e God bird s iih h il,,
aug 1J-cpjt


No. 8648.


1:II




- ,.


I.-


A4


-F M o 18.4

FAuqUIER, MAY 16, 1824.
Gentlemen: Since the death of Mr. Wilson.
Ortithology seems to be at a stand. I send for
publication the subjoined account, inspired with
a lively hope that the attempt, though feeble, may
revive an inquiry into such of the beauties of na-
ture as are in the plumage and animal economy
of the feathered creation. Should the publica-
tion be consistent with the regulations of your
paper, and acceptable to its readers, if aided by
others I will endeavor to renew the suspended
subject, as the mountainous region abounds with
Birds, some stationary, whilst others are visitors
Sefor a season from all regions and most latitudes
of the north limb of the western hemisphere.
Our winter visitors come to avoid the severities
of northern frosts; our spring visitors to nestle in
security against the numerous hawks of the south;
our autumnal visitors, some for the greater plenty
and varieties of food, others for health's sake :
thus, we-abound in birds, from the eagle to the
humming-bird, each obediient to the laws of its
nature ; some regale on the hot blood of a new
victim, some on the fruits of the earth, some on
insects, some on putrid flesh; while the more de-
licate humming-bird banquets, with the bees, on
the honeyed nectary of flowers. Bittern, mire-
drum, Ardea St. Maris, are names which a bird
of the crane kind is called, which differs a little
from that of the same genus of Europe, as will
be the.case in a difference of climate, region, and
diet-causes which work wonderfuT deviations in
the physical world-for example, the common
goat of Europe, from which ours sprung, when
carried to Cashmera, produces the silky hair of
which the high-priced shawls are made ; the hairy
S dog of Europe becomes smooth-skinned in India;
-the naked dog of India acquires a full suit of hair
after a residence in Europe; indeed, agreeable
to the Mosaic account of the creation, man him-
self is changed by climate and region. This
S. bird, the ardea stellaris, is in size the bigness of
'the smaller white crane (ardea equinoctialis,) and
is of a blueish color, a large neck with a pendulous
plume from it; from what part of the continent
it comes, Ornithology does not at present know;
it visits the mountainous region about everytenth
year, the fluviatic region oftener, and is now at
the foot of Kittle-run Mountain. Its business
here is to nestle, raise a young colony, and then
S return to its more familiar residence. The pouch
of its neck is large enough to contain air sufficient
to admit its booming notice to its absent mate, to
.reach' miles, which booming resemble the distant
lowings of a cow-thus it calls its absent love.
Butof still more interest to the admirer of nature
is its love song, which cheers'and animates its
faithful companion during the lonelyand tiresome
period of incubation. After sun-set he ascends,
in spiral windings,te an almost invisible distance
in tile air, which he fills with notes (to man) dole-
ful and plaintive,,of such resemblance to the dis-
tresses of an agoriized child, that be oft moves to
tears those disposed to sad indulgence in melan-
-choly sympathies. The admired powers of the
ventriloquist are but in miniature to those of this
bird-at on'e time his song is remote in the distant
-clouds, then on a sudden near the house, then
again with electric velocity is perched on the top
of a chimney or the bough of a neighboring tree;
.at this time he is travelling swiftly on the wings
Spf love, in the periphery of his circle, at probably
"more than a half mile's distance. He rises in a spi-
ral, wit i awkward symphonies, bht travels in a
circle during his song-whereas the musical sco-
opax warbles his aerial melodies in a spiral oath.
H--' ow 'vite, bt ut i .,c -th ken usi mani-ls 1ifter-ors
ganizatiunp tif the ..nderful world ; while the fe-
w -male ardea'is revived and delighted with the
male's wooings and songs, the hysterical and wi-
dowed are bathed by it in floods of tears ; invert-
-ed nature confounds the physical world, at all
'times unintelligible, even to philosophy herself,
with her boasted lights ; at unfamiliar sounds and
i.ights we exclaim, wonderful! Could we reason
right, all things are equally inexplicable to the
J .limited knowledge of man, who can neither ex-
1; plain why the familiar stars are placed in the fir-
mament, or why the female tilia tree conceives
and brings- forth its fruit attached to a female
'leaf, or why the lycoperdon tuber (Tuckahoe)
should grow in tl'e earth destitute of roots and
stem, or why the still more familiar grass shall
ave both roots and stems-in fine, why the di-
urnal sun should secrete heat, light, and colors,
S o beautify and refresh the animal, vegetable,
and mineral kingdoms.
IN PENUMBRA.
Turnpike Roads.-It appears by a statement,
that there are 18,329 miles of Turnpike Roads
S ,in Englsnd, 2591 do. in Wales, and 3611 in
Scotland-total 24,531.-The annual income on
the average of the years 1816, 1819, and 1820,
was, England, 970,6181.-Wales, 37,6721.-
Scotland, 129,6351.-Total 1,1S7,9,251.-But this
income, besides the necessary expense of con-
'tinuing repairs, was burthened in the year 1821
with the following debt:-England 3,874,2551.-
Wales 201,9621.-Scotland 1,124,2731,-Total,
S5,200,4901.-In Norfolk, the number of miles
was 271, the income per mite 381. the expenditure
.per do. 2.61. excess of income 12l.-In Suffolk,
the number of miles 279; income per mile 34/.
.expenditture per do. 31/. excess of income Sl.
British, Museum.,-Mr. Payne ICKight's be-
quest of bronzes, antiques, &c. to the British
Museum, is of the value of from sixty to seventy
thousandpounds. Thus, with the King's splendid
gifts, the Royal Library, the Angerstein Pictures,
Sir George Beaumont's noble donation of Paint-
Sings5 auad these new apquired.treasures of ancient
Start, a magnificent National Gallery is rapidly
orming..
The London papers mention that the immense
estates which belonged to the late Duke of Tuscany
have devolved to-the young Ouke of Reischstadt,
the son of Napoleon Bonapfarte.

LOok out for High Prizes'.

TO-MORROW AFTERNOON
THS WAS3SNGTON 3ONUMVSIET
-will draw again, being the 13d1 and last day's drawing
but three to complete the scheme.
The Capital Prize of
10,000 DOLLARS
Will be floating and lrbtie t. be iraw n-oesides prizes of
820,0.0, 52000, 2,000, &c. &c. all to be drawn in 4


*drawings only .
Whole Tickets $12 00 | Quarters, 3 Ou
Halves 6 00 E Bighths 1 50
For sale, warranted utdraw., ait
TYLER'S TBEMApa S 1PO'RTUE,
',i nnylvaia A. CLe, ZVaiiinLn ;tly.
CASII advanced itr prizes as soon drawn
ct -t 7- It


PUBIIC SCHOOLS IN BOSTON. struction with very satisfactory success. One' rao ~a EAST roa1OI.t ELLna, JULY24.
hundred and sixty children, who were too old for
PROM TUI uNITEDr STTS r.ITrTARnr AZETTE. the primary schools, and unqualified to enter the The following Report was presented to the
Course of Astruction in the Public Schools in grammar schools, were received and instructed in agricultural Societ.y by Mr. Mitchel, from the
Bsfon. Boston, 1823. 8vo. the same branches as is taught in the other schools, committee, on the subject to which it relates, at
This pamphlet is filled with valuable informa- by one Master, at a much less expense. its meeting on the 17th instant, and ordered to
tion. The public instruction provided by the The English Classical School was established be printed.
city of Bostvn for all her citizens, who are dis- for the admirable purpose of providing, for lads To the agricultural Society of East Florida, on
posed to aval themselves of it, is an almost un- intending to become merchants or mechanics. the Cultivation q/ the Orange Tree.
example m-tanice of that true wisdom which is means of more extended and complete instruction The Committee charZed with the duty of re-
one with justliberality. It is not the effort of in- than they could obtain at. any of the other public porting on the cultivation of the Orange Tree,
dividuals to build an asylum for resourceless schools.'There are four instructors, and no scho- submit the following observations.
poverty, or ti establish permanent relief for the lars are admitted under twelve years of age. From the effects of tile severe frost of Februa-
wretched ; bit it is a magnanimous determination The course continues during three years, but the ry, 1823, it would seem that a line drawn from
and endeavo- of a body politic, to prevent the branches of most importance are made to fall St. Andrew's sound in Georgia, to the entrance
severest evils which embitter life and render it within the first year, as many of the scholars are of the river Apalachicola, would mark the north-
useless ; to remove the efficient and fertile sources unable to remain in the school after they are old ern limits of the Orange region, and in every part
of misery an(i sin, by substituting the unspeaka- enough to do something for their own support. of Florida south of this demarcation, the Orange
ble good of education, for a childhood and youth The studies in this school embrace intellectual tree meets with acongenial climate. Its cultiva-
of untaught,minreclaimed, and unsubdued ignor- and written arithmetic, geography, and the use tions has hitherto been circumscribed to the vicin-
ance and wilftdness. of the globes, grammar, history, book-keeping, i(y of St. Augustine and St. Johns, although there
The attention paid to education in most parts elements of some arts and sciences, composition are extensive groves of native sour and bitter-
of the civilized world, is a striking characteris- and declamation, geometry, algebra, trigonome- sweet orange trees throughout all that portion iof
tic of this age, and a proof that man is beginning try, natural philosophy and history, chemistry, the Territory, recently occupied by the Indians.
to be blessed with a better discernment of the moral philosophy, natural theology, rhetoric, evi- There is an obscurity in the annals of the Ter-
true end and uses of life, and a greater willing- dences of christianity, intellectual philosophy, po- ritory, which has prevented us from tracing the
ness to regard moral and intellectual good, as litical economy, logic, and the French language. sweet-orange tree to its first introduction, but
more valuable than any thing beside. In Eng- The Latin School is the last which we shall many circumstances induce the belief that it has
land, the efforts of many prominent men, to insti- have occasion to notice, asit completes the course been imported from the West Indies and from
tute a system of. general education4 are well of public instruction. Our. limits will not allow the south of Europe. Its longevity is traced to
known. The discoveries of Lancaster and Bell, us to speak of this school at much length. The 116 years ia this Territory, and trees of this age
have applied to the work of instruction, princi- grammars are first thoroughly learned, and the seem to be as vigorous and fruitful as those of 20
pIes of great efficacy. In the best parts of Eu- course of study makes the scholars familiar with years. In France this tree is traced to the age of
rope, schools of various kinds have been establish- selected, parts of Cicero, Horace, Juvenal and 560 years.
ed, which, in most instances, are supported by Persius, Xenophon, Homer, Wittenbach's Greek The sweet orange tree is of easy propagation
thle strength of public opinion, and, in many, also Historians, and the Greek Testament, together from the seed, as most of the seeds are prolific:
receive princely or royal patronage. Of some of with geography, arithmetic, geometry, trigonome- they should be sown from one to two inches under
these institutions, the object is to give, to the try, and algebra. Very considerable portions of the surface of the ground, and in rows sufficient-
highest ranks suitable education; of others, to tihe best Latin and Greek poets are committed to ly separated to leave room for hoeing; after
reclaim the lower classes from reckless and irre- memory. twelve months thie young trees may be transplant-
gular habits, by the power of discipline, and to One very useful, valuable, and, we believe, ra- ed at pleasure. At this age their growth is from
give them useful knowledge for utter ignorance. their peculiar improvement is adopted in this and six to twenty-four inches. We have measured
These indications may be fallacious-they may in the English Classical School. Every one who one in St. Augustine of a growth of 20 months
promise less than we think they do-this progress has had any concern with a school, either as a from the seed-its height is 66 inches and
and tendency,, if it exist, may be checked <|r scholar or master, is perfectly aware of the great breadth 30.
made to retrograde-but assuredly it is right f. hindrance arising from the classification of buys The orange seed should be sown as soon as
us to rejoice in an unquestionable growth arid imt according to the studies they ursue, anid not ac- may be, after the parent orange is ripe. It may
provement of important human institutions, ano cording to their disposition and capacity for mak- be sown at any season, but the greatest enemyto
to expect therefrom extensive and valuable in\ ing progress in them. The intelligent and quick the tender sprouts is the frost in February.
fluence upon human character. are thus made lazy by the necessity of imposing The operation of transplanting may be perform-
In this improvement, the city of Boston takes only such tasks as the dull can learn, and the ed with safety at any season of the year, and
thi lead; we are justified in saying so, because few, who are most industrious, are retarded by upon trees of any age, if precaution be taken to
no where else has a large city made an universal the indolent many. In these schools, this diffi- avoid the hottest and driest weather, which usual-
and strenuous effort to awaken in her youth a \ulty is almost wholly obviated. As the boys ly happens in July, and the coldest weather in
love of knowledge, and to fix in them habits of or- Oach the top of the class they are taken off by February; but this operation should be limited
der at that period of life, when those impressions tkm or twelve and formed into a distinct class as much as possible to young trees.
are received, of which the successive develop- by themselves. As scholars are admitted but In transplanting large trees, if they be remov-
inent in some sort constitutes the character. The on a year, they soon get sorted in this way with ed from a good soil to a better, they require no
work is begun- as soon as it can be with any pros- gre t accuracy ; those boys finding themselves lopping; but if from a strong to a weaker soil,
pect of advantage, and is continued until that tog other who are able to learn about the same they should be trimmed and assisted by manure.
age when the education of schools must give way less.ni. In transplanting large trees, it is economical to
to the business of active life. The system of AIt the schools, excepting the primary schools, leave exposed the frag,,ents of roots from whence
public and universal instruction, in operation in are rider the superintendence of a school corn- they were separated, as each radical will produce
this city, has been gradually improved as expe- mitt r, consisting of the Mayor and Aldermen, a distinct tree, and in a shorter time than from
rience and the sagacity of the directors suggest- ex olcio, and one gentleman chosen annually by the seed.
ed alterations. It is now in a most successful each ward. They are required by their own The sweet orange tree may be propagated by
operation, and a pamphlet has been printed for rules o examine the schools once a month, and, engrafting and inoculation upon the sour and
the purpose of presenting to the consideration of by a I w of the state, once a year. upon the bitter sweet orange trees.
-the public the various parts of this system, con- Butpne objection can possibly be urged against In setting out groves, the trees should be pla-
nected as they are into one orderly and admirable any palt of these institutions. Perhaps the sys-- ced in a quincunx adjustment, and 23 feet apart;
whole. We shall make a brief extract of the in- temn of iniimating the pupils to industry by the by this arrangement, each tree is in the centre of a
formation this pamphlet contains, certain that, principle, of emulation, and rewarding them by circle of six others,, and all of them equidistant
while many, even in Boston, are ignorant of the medals, cards, &c. of which the object is to dis- from each other, and groves will embrace 100
great good that is among them, to residents of tinguislh them from their fellows, is carried too trees to the acre; this scale has been approved of
other towns, these facts may be new, and to all, far. Emulation easily becomes envy, and it is near the sea board, where safety against gales of
every where, interesting. obviously better to make the love of doing well wind ought to be considered. On the St. John's
The Primary Schools, instructed by women, the ruling principle of a boy's activity, rather and in the interior, where the climate is more
receive all/children of either sex between four and than the love of doing better than another. moist and tranquil, there is more scope for the
seven years:of age. In 1823, there were 40 such We close this article with statinglje-fiact; exercise of tas-t-;---a*4 ym;n-or caprice,--in frlr- o
ackas fiar the whtteasml=t-w-f-n,--s-tn. -i.r v,, tazciriacre whole expimtiffee -BoFo.mi, city and rangemerit of groves.
pueationr, and the whole number enrolled was county, for 1823, was 8197,977 60, of which The orange tree delightsin rich soil, and when
2205, giving an average of 52 to each school, and 841,611 10 were expended for the schools: and it has the advantage of this, it will bear fruit in 6
an average of expense to the public of $4 72 per we will add to this fact, the last paragraphs of this years from the seed, and will attain its full size
annum for~the instruction of each child. In these pamphlet, which state strongly, but truly, the ef- in about 12 or 14 years; when it is contemplated,
schools tlie children are taught to read and spell fect of this liberality: therefore, to establish a grove in poor land, an at-
correotly, and thus to fit themselves effectually Thus we have endeavored to give a view of teation to manure will save much time and labor:
for the higher schools.:, Pupils are first received the means, provided at the public expense, for for in such land the tree is not only retarded in its,
at four years of age, which is quite as soon as the gratuitous instruction of the children of all class- growth from the want of nourishment, but the
discipline and instruction of a school can be ap- es of the citizens of Boston. They are offered branches are subject to be blighted by the sun in
plied to advantage. These schools are numerous, equally to all. The poorest inhabitant may have July and by the frost in February. In good land
because experiment has proved that fifty or sixty his children instructed, from the age of four to the orange tree grows with vigor and symmetry,
children are as many as one Mistress can suc- seventeen, at schools, some of which are already in inferior land it is liable to deformity from
cessfully'instruct, and because it is important equal, if not superior,. to any private schools in suckers and blasted and diseased limbs.
that the school should be as near as possible to our country ; and all of them may be so. In rearing a grove, it would be attended with
the houses of the infant pupils. Their object Indeed, if a child be kept at a Primary benefit, if the trees were washed once in two
and effect is to bring the first rudiments of educa- School from four to seven, and then at one of the years with sand and water, to remove whatever
tion near to the doors of all who'are -wise enough Grammar Schools until nine, and from that time fungus may have gathered on the bark, and if a
aid kind enough to their children to avail themn- till seventeen at tihe Latin and English Classical little attention were given to pruning the interior
selves of them. All the Primary Schools are un- School, there is no question but he will go foliage, with the view of promotingavigorous and
der the immediate care of a Board, consisting of through a more thorough and complete course of extended ramification.
fifty members, who are divided and sub-divided instruction, and in reality enjoy greater advan- The orange tree rises to 36 feet in height, and
into various committees, armed with proper pow- tages, than are provided at many of the respecta- ramifies nearly to the same extent. The largest
ers and charged with corresponding responsibili- ble Colleges in the Union." quantity of fruit which we have yet ascertained,
ties. The greatest care is taken to secure, by q. is 6000 oranges to one tree, on the river St.
mutual, ceaseless,. and exact report and supervi- A friend has handed us a copy of the petition John's, and the tit of 3,500 is of frequent
sion, a faithful and efficient execution of this well to the King in Council, noted at a meeting of the occurrence both in that quarter and in the vicin-
organized system. The monthly, quarterly, and merchants and other inhabitants of Liverpool, re- ity ofSt. Augustine. Thegroves of t territory
semi-annual written reports, are made every year lative to tie recognition of the Soth American have not yet attained to s ffient perfection tory
with unvarying regularity, and equal in quantity government. It is stated in the petition, on the notyet atta i orsuii ent perfect on t
to more than a thousand pages. Each child is authority of documents presented to Parliament, rish data for computing trees and small are
faithfully examined at least twelve times a year, that the direct exports of British produce and ma- endedd tfor in gethnera In this imgeerfees and smadition
and many much oftener. nufacture to South America and Mexico amount- blended together. ro this imperect condition,
From these schools, scholars who are properly ed, in the year 1822, to 3,67,957., and, in 1823,owever, te product of the groves in St. Agus-
prepared, go to the English Grammar and writin- to 5,648,7691.; that, during the four years fro' tine mray be estimated at 500 per acre. But on
Schools, which are in two rooms; the two branch January, 1820, no less than 756 vessels cleared whatever Oscale a computati on may be made,
es being kept entirely distinct. Each room has out for those countries from the port of Liver- whether upon1000 oranges to the tree, or upon
a Master and Assistant, and accommodates three pool alone, containing an aggregate burden of 500Q, when it is considered that groves may be
hundred children. From the middle of April to 136,432 tons; and that, in the five first months of raised under circumstances requMiring from the
the middle of October, girls attend these schools, the present year, 124 vessels, of 24,657 tons, sail- planter scarcely any abstraction from Iis ordina-
spending half the day in the reading and half in ed fo there same destination; that, in the year 1820, ry avocations, it will be evident that, with tlhe ex-
the writing room, and alternately with the boys. the exports from Liverpool of cotton goods to the ception of the olive, there is no plant so produc-
It is supposed girls would not attend during the United States amounted to only 882,029/., and thie tive as the sweet orange tree.
inclement season, and in the half year in which exportsinthe.same periodtoBrazil, BuenosAyres, fIt om true orthat, against the aybe-panefithtobederived
they are excluded, the boys are divided between Monte Video, Chili, and the WestCoastof Amori- time necessary to raise it fro the seed; but, on
the rooms;-the :first and lowest classes being se- ca- amounted to 852,654/1,; and that, in the year he oerehand toug t t be for-ottenthat
parated from the intermediate classes The 1821, the exports of cotton goods to the U. States te other hand, it ought not to be orgotten tat
reading schools are sub-divided into four classes, amounted to 1,033,2061., while those to the other tius process requires no advance of capital. And
of which the upper two are peculiarly under the countries above named amounted to 1,111,5741. as nurseries are now established, those planters
Master's care, but he is strictly responsible for The petition represents that great losses and in- who may be unwilling to exercise patience will
the whole. Geography is taught only to the high- conveniences have resulted to the trade from the have an opportunity, at a moderate expense, of
est class, but less is effected in dims study than want of those political relations which would be settingout groves without much loss o time.
might be with more apparatus and greater facili- formed with those countries on the acknowledg- Inconveniences have arisen from the practice
ties. A selection is annually made four the best mentof their independence, and that, by theestab- of sipping oranges and cotnfining them in mass
boys of the first class, who are transferred to the lishment of those relations, loans, negotiated in in the holds of vessels: these night be obviated
English Classical or to the Latin Grammar School, London with those governments to the amount of by te adoption of some cheap and convenient
to perfect the studied which they have begun, or 12,800,000/ British capital, would be rendered niode of packing them for expotation. We
to pursue those of a1 higher character. In the more secure.--Boston Daily /d. therefore contend that te Society sho
hopromote inquiry, and offer a reward for the best
writing schoo s the exer-cises are few and simple, The total quantity of tobacco seized in Scot- communication on this interesting subject.
and.o :_.:... ;_ of.... land, bytn t u s te sem o the revenue officers, in the two years The bitter sweet orange tree is indigenous to


mutmua bnstirutIon. tn July, 8Ico te average ending 1st January last, was 69,1921. The king's -the territory, and, likethesourorange tree, grows
number of boys in eh school exceeded two hun- share of the seizures came to 1,232/., and the of- abundantlvy in the interior. This fruit is not sur-
dred, and of the girl, one hundred and seventy. ficers' share to 1571. The quantity seized in passed, if:equalled, by the sweet orange; it is
The,salary of the Master is 8t1200, and that of England, in the same period, was 414,394/., and pleasant, wholesome, and the most nutritive of
the Assistant 600 ; the expense of tuition, is in Ireland it was 780,466/., the rewards for seiz- the orange tribe, and it hangs on the tree in per-
about nine dollars for each scholar ; there are in ing which amounted to no less than 144,3271. fect preservation for twelve months after maturi-
this city seven schools of this description, besides A young man named lurst, of Manchester, ty, and has been in common use among the In-
one in South Boston, and one for tI colored po- England recently died there of hydrophobia, dians and negroes, as an article both of refresh-
pulation. a 18, a experiment was made, in having only a few days before suffered a dog to ment and food,
: a district shol, of the system of mutual in- lick a warton his finger, which he had just cut.


The sour orange tree is more generally know
from its juice having been exported. romn its
hardy character, it is frequently raised on the
sea board, to protect groves against gales of.wi;d. ,
And, in concluding this report, we would merely
mention that the sour orange tree may be applied
to other important uses, th- one for the purpo,-e
of engrafting sweet oranges, the other for prepar-
ing the orange peel for confectionary, and, la -i! y,
for applying the juice to the fabrication of cetirc
acid, G. W PERPALL,
W. SMtTH,
P. MITC'IEL.
PRINTING OFFICE FOR SALE.
T[E rfbtlowing articles c.,m;)raismg' thie 'IINT' .G
SOFFICEof the late WILLI Al WAItANE'., d=cs-,q.
ed, is offered tor sale, by the Administta.,-, o:n .ry
reasonable terms, for the purpose of closing the con.
cern.
2 Medium Prin ing Presses
1 I'nposing Stone Stand, and Vice
2 Horses, with Drawers, &c.
12 Paper 18jard-
18 Medium and Demi Chases
12 Foolscap and smaller do
1 iMedluim Wetting and Washing Trough
1 pair Baisls, and 1 'ub
2 flckets, and 1 pair of Wool Cards
2 Iron Wash Pans, and 1 Stool
1 large ten plate Store and P1ipe
1 middle sizes x plate do
1 small box ditto
5 Fvfty-six Pound Weights
8 Case Stands
18 Sliding Boards for Forms
108 Type Cases, and 14 Type Boxes
25 Metal GaIllys
14 itamage's Composing Sdic's
1 StandingfPress, Pins, Boards, &c.
2 Mallets, 2 t m!aroers. &c.
64 mall Metal Cuts, (various)
19 small ditto, wood, do
34 Metal Cuts, for Natural History
13 do for Dilworth's Spelling Book
6 do for Death of Abel
10 do for Bob Sketch
17 do for Mrs. Pleasant's Stories
24 do for The Primer
21 do for A Present to a Little Girl
13 do for Cock Robin
23 do for History of Birds, &c.
14 do tor Children in the Wood
4 do for Children's Second Book
1 do for Horse Bill, (large)
13 Wood Cuts for Dilworth's Spelling Book
4 do for Scott's Lessons
6 do for Robinson Crusoe
14 do for Patent Medicines
11 do for Children's Books
5 do for Aristotle
13 do for Thompson's Seasons, (fine)
1 set do for German Almanac Title
22 large Metal Blocks for Engravers
68 sma!l do do
42 smaller do do
I pair Ball Skins
1 Brass Type Mould
1 pair Bellows.
TYPE.
Forms standing.
The Universal Spelling Book
The Baltimore Spelling Book
The New Fingland Primer
The iRoad to Learning
The Counting House Calendar
Warner's Almanac.
82 lbs Ten Line Pica
108 lbs Five Line Pica
151 tbs American Cannon
170 lbs Doubie Great Primer
79 lbs Double Eaglish
100 Ibs Double P-ca
99 lbs Great Primer
58 Ibs Double Pica Script
117 lbs English
258 lbs Pica
177 lbs Small Pica
384 lbs.New Long Primer
239 lbs Old Long Primer
New English--
195 Ilis Old English L
100 lbs French Cannon
79 lbs Old Great Primer
210 lbs Old Type
438 Ibs Brevier
214 lbs Nonpareil
17 lbs Double Great Primer Black,
28 lbs Great Primer Black
24 lbs Pica Black
12 lbs Long Primer Black
99 lbs Pica Greek
22 lbs Brevier Almanac Signs, &c.
20 lbs Hair Space Rule
76 lbs Flowers, assorted
34 lbs Quotations
12 lbs Space Leads
21 lbs Bras& Rule, Single and Double
2 Ibs Brass Dashes
1 lotNonpareil Riglet
4 Brass Card Borders
2 Metal Card ditto.
SUSAN WARNER, Adm'nf
GEORGE WARNER, Adm'r.
Baltimore, Aug. 20, 1824 [23-wSwNI

BOOKS AND STATIONERY.
Selling off at the old stand, S. E. corner of Gay and
Market streets, at reduced prices, by the adminis-
trators, the entire STOCK Df Wm. Warner, deceased,
consisting of Theological, Literary, Medical, and School
BOOKS, with a variety of STATIONERY.
Baltimore, Sept. 2, 1824.

THIS DAY.

VALUABLE LOTS AT AUCTION.
BY virtue of a deed of trust to the subscriber, will be
sold at public auction on tuesday the 7th of Septem.
ber next, [THIS DAY] at Williamson's (Strother's) Ho-
tel, all the right, title, and interest, of the late Doctor J.
II. Blake, deceased, in and to thIe following lots of
ground, to satisfy a debt to the Banly of the Metropolis,
Lot 2 in square No. 319 6016 3-4 sq. feet
11 321 5008 1-2 do
7 87 4246 do
1 88 5077 do
3, 4 226
13 708
2 in sq. East of 708
Half of 8 290
__ e.nma will-b e made known at the sale.
Sale to commence at 5 o'clock P. M.
A. KERR, Trustee.
P. MAURO, Auct.
july 20-St-sept. 7-1t
TRUSTEE'S SALE.
LN pursunance of a decree of the Circuit Court of this
District for the County of Washington, sitting m a
Court of Chancery, in a cause in which Jeremiah Hunt
is complainant, and Samuel Johnson is defendant, I shall
sell, at public sale, for cash, on Tuesday, the 7th of Sep.
inember next, in front of Gadsby's Frankti i Inn, in this
city, all the right, title, interest, and estate, ol Samuel
Johnson, and his heirs, to Lot No. 16, in square No. 101,
in the City of Washington, with the brick blacksmiths'
shop, and all other improvements thereon, now and fobr
some years past in the occupancy of Jeremiah Hunt.
After the ratification ot the sale, and payment of the
amount of the purchase money, I will execute a deed to
the purchaser, as in the decree directed. k'Sale to com-
mence at 5 o'clock P. M.


aug 16-eots


TENCH RINGGOLD,
Marshal D. C. Trustee.


IIHOUSE AT AUCTION.
A SMALL FRAME [lOUSE, one and a half stories
high, situate on the corner of B and 1st streets,
Capitol Hill, near the residence oi' Dr. Ewevoll. Sale tc,
be on the premises, next Thursday, 9th instant, at L',,
o'clock, noon, Terms cash.
MOSES P'QOR,
sept 7-- Auctioneer.


- ---, +------ ,- ,- -, -,, -










TR IT IN THE CHARACTER OF LAFAYETTE.

A long the just praises which have been bestowed
up64 this distinguished man, one of the most just and
exaling la's been overlooked., It is his attachment to
reg ated liberty-his detestation of anarchy, of un-
brid ed licentiousness-his reverence for constitutional
law. IHe is the only individual who was distinguished
in the French Revoluhtion to whom this praise is due,
and it is a nobler one tban any which could be bestowed
upol himn ; tfor wlat is liberty without law ? I send you
a translation of a very celebrated letter of this ills.
trioaSman, which was the, inmiediate occasion of the
loss ohis popularity, and drew upon him all the subse-
quent disasters of his life,' while it ought to have pro-
cured fri him the everlasting gratitude of the French peo-
ple, an:l the high respect of all who rightly understand
and properly value civilliberty. It was written during the
oretlominance of the Brissotin faction, and ust a is that
ct'tloi wvas on its decline, and pure, undisguised Ja-
.objnism was gaining the ascendancy. It may be found
in tlie listoire de la lttIolution de France ; par deux
mans de la Liberte ;" a work of the most authentic cha-
rac er. written from year to year,, as the revolution pro-
ce ded, with the approbation, or at least without the
:e sure, of the various parties which successively "ore in
pi ces that fairest portion of Europe.-N. Y. D. A1dv.
SI afayette's Letter to the Legislative body..
'"" JAt the entrenched Camp of
.iMtaubeuge, 16th June, 1792.
GENTLEMEN : At the moment, perhaps too
ilori deferred, in which I am about to call your
attentionn to the highest public interests, and to
po{nt out among our dangers the conduct of a mi-
?zlir,;. whom I have for a long time censured in
S.my correspondence, I learn that, unmasked in
-consequence of its own divisions, it has fallen a
s"-s ifiee to its -wn intrigues. [This was a Bris-
s(tin Ministry.] It-ienouhug;, however, that this
b Jfanch of the government has beed delivered
m fo its disastrous influence. The public wel-
fre is in jeril-The fate of France ,depends
Srincipally on ifs representatives-7The nation ex
." cts fro~m them its security. But, in giving them
a constitution, France has prescribed to them the
ln?q means by which she can be saved.
Persuaded, gentlemen, that as the rights of
Jnan are the law of every constituent assembly, a
constitution ought to be the law of the Legislators
which that constitution shall have established, it
s to you that I ought to denounce the too power-
ful efforts which are making, to induce you to
depart from that course which you have pro-
'mised to pursue.
SNothing shalldeter mefri'omthe exerciseofthis
right of a free man, to fulfil this duty 'f a citizen;
neither the momentary errors of opinion-for
i what are opinioms'when they depart from princi-
S- ples-nor my respect for the representatives of the
people, for I respect still more the people, whose
Sovereign will it is to have a constitution ; nor
the benevolence and kindness which you have
.'" constantly evinced for myself, for I would pre-
S ervt that as I obtained it, by an inflexible love of
liberty.
Your situation is difficult-France is mena-
-/ce l from without and agitated within-whilst fo-
reign powers announce theintolerable finadmissi-
ble) project of attacking our national sovereign-
ty, and avow it as principle! at thesame time
the enemies of France-its interior enemies, in-
toxicat-d with fanaticism and pride, entertain
chimerical hopes, and annoy us with their inso
lent malevolence. You ought, gefitlemen, to re-
press them, and you will have the power so to do,
r only when you shall become constitutional and
J ust. You wish it, no doubt, but &ast your eyes
upon all that passes within your own, body and
around you. Can you' dissemble even to your-
selve's, that a fationr, (and to avoid all vague de-
'-j^nuncioationI) the Jaco',bifactim. have caused all
iiarders ? It s that which i bbld ly accusf-
organized like a separate-empire in rhe m'tir-op,-
i- and in il~ affiliated societies, blindly directed
S by some anibiti'-us leaders, this sect forms a:cor-
.oraiion inttirdly itilnct in the midst of the
i, rench people, whose powers it usurps by tyran'-
Sniiinr, over its representatives and constituted
authorities.
". It is in that body,in its public meetings, the
l~Boveof the laws is denounced as aristocracy, and
heir br,-aI:h as patriotism. There the assassins of
.De',illes receive their triumphs, the crimes of
i ordan find panegyrists. here the recital of the
massacree vlhich has stained the city of Metz, has
so been received with infernal acclamations!
Have they become sacred because the Emperor
Leopold has pronounced their name ? Apd be-
S cause it is our highest duty to combat thefr i'dg-.
ra who mingle in our domestic quarrels, are re
St-tliberty to refrain from delivering our country
from domestic tyranny ?P
/ "Of what importance is it, as to the, fulfilment
i f this duty, that strangers have their projects,
nd their connivance and concert with our inter-
nal foes ? It is I, who denounce to you this sect-
'Ethe Jacobins]; I, who, without speaking of my
K past life, can reply to those Who suspect my mo-
Stives: Approach,' in this moment ofawful cri-
/ sis, when the character of each man must be
known, and see which of us, more inflexible itt
his principles, more obstinate in his resistance,
will more courageously overcome those obsta-
cles, and those dangers, which traitors to their
country conceal, and which true citizens know
how to appreciate, and to brave for her."
[Is there a trait in all history of greater boldness, -
isublimer devotion ? We know ofnone.]
"And how could I delay longer to'fulfil this
duty, while every successive day weakens still
more the constituted authorities, substitutes the
spirit of party for the will of the people ; whilst
the audacity of the agitators [the disorganizers]
S imposes silence on peaceable citizens, throws in-
l to retirement useful men, and whilst devotion to
the sect orparty stands in the place ofpublic and
Private viirtues, which, ,in a free country, ought to-
be the austere [severe or strict] and only means
of attaining to public office."
I give only this rich extract from this noble letter,
which does the highest 'credit to Lafayette's purity,
simplicity of/purpose, as well as to hiis sound judgment,
- fearlessness, and eloquence. If the public should feel a
desire tu see the res due of this excellent letter, which,
had it produced its proper effect, would'havesparedthe
lives of millions, and left France a free and happy peo-
ple, I will translate it and send it to you. It is probably
new to the greater portion of the citizens of the United


.States. Yours,
8 Friend to Regulated Liberty.

ItVERPOOL, JLY. 14.-We mentioned last
'week the melancholy fact of several people hav-
'ing been drowned in Prince's Dock, by being
. precipitated from a stage. The young man who
was mainly instrumental in saving the lives of so
many individuals by his undaunted and meritori-
ous conduct, is a carpenter, named JOSEPH ED-
WARDS, a native of the United States, and belongs
to the ship Halcyon, of Philadelphia. A gold
, nedal has been presented him as an acknowledg-
ment of his great exertions on the perilous oc-
*asion.


TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1824.

At the request of the Richmond Committee,
Chief Justice MARSHALL has undertaken to pre-
pare and deliver an address to General LAFAY-
ETwE, on his arrival at the Metropolis of Virginia.
The Governor of the Commonwealth has tender-
ed to the Committee the use of apartments in the
Government House, for the accommodation of
the General, during his visit there ; and the Com-
mittee have invited the venerable Ex-Presidents
JEFFERSON and MADISON to meet the General
at Richmond. They have also been invited-to,
honor the *celebration at Yorktown with their
presence. Thus, our fellow citizens, South as
well as North, study to render to the illustrious
Guest every honor compatible with self-respect.

We find the following annunciation in the
Alexandria Herald, by which it was copied from
another newspaper, not named. We publish it
for public information, not only to shew the wan-
ing prospects of the opposition party in Virginia,
where so much was threatened; but we insert it
also as an amusing example of the facility with
which well-meaning men can delude themselves
hy the use of certain cabalistic words, and expect
to mislead -other honest men by the same means.
We are requested by a member of the Fair-
fax Jackson committee, to state, that the conven-
tion of the opponents of the caucus, proposed to
be held in Charlottesville, Virginia, is necessari-
ly abandoned, since the determination of the con-
vention in Fredericksburg, to raise a ticket ex-
clusively for Jackson. We still hope, however,
that, before the election takes place, the opponents
of the caucus in, the ancient dominion, will be
prepared to give an efficient as well as a united
vote."
Thus, what is odious as a caucus in one assem-
blage of citizens, is a patriotic convention, in ano-
ther, though both have a similar object in view--
the election of the individual deemed by each the
most worthy.
Boston, August 29, 1824.
MY DEAR FRIEND : With much pleasure and
gratitudeI have received your letter of August
18th, including an affectionate resolution of my
old companions in arms, whom I hope to meet in
the state of Maryland before the end. of next
month. Happy I will be to find myself among
you, my dear brother soldiers, after so long an
absence. Receive my grateful friendship and re-
gard. LAFAYETTE.
"Col. HOWARD, Baltimore."

FROM COLOMIlBIA.-,-The Colombiano of
4th ult. contains a copy of a decree of the Congress
at Bogota, for levying 5000 men above the forces
which the Republic ought to possess. The ex-
pense of this levy is to be paid from the public
revenue and by bills of exchange, to be negotiated
out of the loan of thirty millions.
In order to encourage the improvement of agri-
culture, the National Congress has passed a de-
cree exempting every plantation of cocoa, coffee,
and indigo, from the payment oftythes for the fol-
lowing periods:
The new plantations of cocoa for ten' years,
couiAted from the 1st Tan. 1824, till 31st Dec.
Dec,.--. Those vt cone Tfor seven year.
counted from the ist,Jan. 1825, till 31st Dec.
1831 Those of indigo for four years, count-
ed from 1st Jan. 1825, till 31st Dec. 1828.
MEXICO.-The Government of Mexico was
apprized of the'conspiracy in behalf of lturbide,
early in May. On the night of the 13th of that
.month, the authorities entered a house and took
into custody twenty-two individuals who were
holding a secret meeting, and in a manner-so ef
fectual that not one escaped. All their papers,
documents, proclamations, &c. were -at once ta-
ken possession of. The individuals taken were
one brigadier general, three col 'nels, several
other military officers, and six civilians.r The
examination of these led to the arrest of Don J.
Antonio Andrade, General of Division, Count
del Valle, and a clerk in the Post Qffice, through
whose agency a correspondence was carried on
throughout Mexico. Subsequently. the adherents
of Iturbide in Guadalaxara and other pasts of the
country, broke out in open rebellion, but were ge-
nerally subdued in the month of June, and the
leaders imprisoned at Mexico.
It was on the faith and promises of these con-
spirators, no doubt, that Iturbide was induced to
return to Mexico in the manner that has been re-
lated; and it seems that he must have, lauded at
Soto la Marina, in total ignorance of the down-
fall of his friends. The result has been fortunate
for the peace of Mexico.

Capt. Thornton, at Boston, who left Jamaica
the 2d instant, states, that the pirates, who cap-
tured the Martha Jane, and brought in there,
were to be tried in about a week. Capt. Fowler
and crew were at Port Royal, as witnesses. One
of the pirates had turned King's evidence ; and
it was reported that he had confessed havingbeen
20 years a pirate, and had committed a number
of murders.
Private letters received in this city from London
assert that from the result of experiments lately
made with Mr. PERKINS' new Steam Engine,
there is every reason to fear that the hopes of the
inventor will be frustrated. This is in accordance
with the expectations formed in this city long
since by many scientific men, they judging of
thie engine from the drawing and descriptions
given in the scientific and other public journals.
[Philad. Gaz.

Emigrants to Hayti.-The brig De Witt
Clinton, Captain .Barstow, 300 tons burthen,
sailed from New York on Thursday morning for
Port au Prince, with one hundred and twenty free
coloured men and women, who are emigrating to
iHayti with a view of bettering their condition


The Pope has proclaimed to the people of Spain
a year of clemency for spiritual offences. He
compliments the Spanish Clergy-although they
are not all equally entitled to that notice.
On the 27th May the Pope caused the general
Jubilee for 1825 to be proclaimed. It will com-
mnence on Christmas eve this year and continue
12 months.-This event is of every 25 years
recurre'ice, but political circumstances prevented
its general celebration in the year 1800.


AFRICAN COLONIZATION.

rto'DM THE AMERICAN AILY AillYEITISEnl.
IMr. Poulson: The following paragraph is co-
pied from the New York American :
If the question was a merely abstract one, of whether
it be better that our colored population should be colo-
nized on the inhuspitable shores of' frica, and s8iavaei
tribes, and at a distance from civilization, or on the fl-U.-
ful and teeming soil of St. Domingo, amidst a nation ol
their owv color, who by their arms have vindicated, and
by their own laws maintain, a forn of civil government,
it would not require, of the colored, or the white popu-
lation, of the United States, a moment's hesitation."
It is to be regretted that the Editorns of ur pub-
lic journals would not take pains to inform them-
selves upon those subjects upon which they write,
before they venture too confidently to decide in
matters affecting the public weal. It may be af-
firmed, in opposition to the above, that Africa will
at least bear a comparison with the most fertile ol
the West India Islands, and that it is as fruitful
and as healthful for its proper population, as any
counlrv in the world within the tropical climates.
But, affirming on the one side, or the other, will
not satisfy the public, who wish to be informed.
Let the following extracts, from authentic
sources, decide the matter :
CLIMATE OF AFRICA.
Mferedithou the Gold Coast-Ip. 2.
It will be found that, on the equator, and about five
or six degrees on either side of it, are the most tempe-
rate parts of tropical Africa. The sun has.less power
here, than in more northerly or southerly situations, be-
cause lie is obscured throughout the year. In the month
of December, when the sun is at hiss greatest distance
from the tropic of Cancer, the heat at Senegal was found
to be 93 degrees, and at Sierra Leone, 98 degrees, in
the shade, measured by Fabrenheit's thermometer; and
Senegal is laid down in about 16 degree., and Sierra Le'
one in about 8 degrees of north latitude At Cape
Coast Castle, which is situated in about 5 degrees of
north latitude, the thermometer inas been known, ait one
period, as high as 93 degrees; but the usual degree of
heat observedin the hottest months, were from 85 to 90 de-
grees, and Cape Coast Castle is considered the hottest
situation on the Gold Coast. At Tantumquarry, WVinne-
bach, and Accra, countries situated eastward of Cape
Coast, the heat has been very sellomi known to exceed
87 degrees; and the quicksilver, in Fahrenheit's ther-
mometer, has been observed as low as 74 degrees, at
Winnebach, in June, July, August, and the greater part
of September-and not higher than 78 degrees. Hence,
the latitude of a place is by no means a true criterion to
go by, as to the heat of its climate." ,sherbro is in lati-
tude between six and seven degrees north.
Page 4." The4.'he climate of the Gold Coast will be found
as temperate and salubrious as the West Indies, and if it
were cultivated, it would probably surpass the West In-
dies in point of salubrity.
The seasons here are as regular and as congenial to
cultivation as they are in the West Indies ; there is as
much moisture throughout the year; the sea and land
breezes are as regular; and it can boast of one most de-
cided advantage : it is not visited with those tremendous
storms, called hurricanes, which sometimes destroy the
prosperity and check the industry of the planter. It is
true we have tornadoes, but they are mild breezes com-;
pared to a West India hurricane.
IVadstrom on Colonization-part 2d-page 132. l
"'The result of Lieut. Beaver's daily observations, It
noon, between the 20th of July, 1792, and the 20th Iof
April, 1793, was, that the medium temperature of Bula-
ma, was 85 degrees of Fahrenheit, and the range of tfe
mercury from 74 to 96 degrees, except that it once rose
to 100 degrees in a calm, which intervened on the 19th
ofFebruary, 1893, between tl. decline of the morning
and the rise of the evening breeze.
The rains set in about the end of May, or the begin-
ging of June, and continue till October or Novembuer.
They do not fall every day, for there are intervals of
clear weather. In the first and last months, the showers
are neither very frequent, nor very violent, but some-
times, on tlhe other hand, they resemble torrents, espe-
cially about the middle of the season. In the begnining
and close after the rainy season, the air is frequently
purified by strong gales, called tornadoes, which seldom
last above an hour, and are easily foreseen. But hurri-
canes, which are sometimes so destructive in the West
r.1 n... a e tie nt inio n I u i,.i-olih wttms ,.

Mferedith on the Gold Coast-page 3 of the Introduction.
Those who are acquainted with the soil anrd climate
of the Gold Coast, and who have an equal knowledgeot
the West Indies, will doubtless agree in this opinion,
that the Gold Coast has the advantage of the West In-
dies, not only in soil and climate, but in seasons."

HEALTH OF AFRICA.
Mferedith on the Gold.Coast-Page 40.
Dr. Lind, in his treatise on diseases incident to Eu .
ropeans in hot climates, is of opinion that, if the land in
this country was cleared, it would be as healthy as the
Island of Barbadoes, the most salubrious of the West In-
dia Islands. The Doctor says, I think it would not
admit of a &dubt, that if a tract of land in Guinea was as
well improved as the Island of Barbadoes, and as per-
fectly free from trees, underwood, marshes, &c. the air
would be rendered equally healthful there, as in that
pleasant West India Island.

Wadstrom on Colonization-page 9, part 2d.
"The climate of Sierra Leone is mcch the same, in
point of heat, as that of the West Indies, but there is a
very cool sea breeze on the higher groiunds--and, in the
mountainous parts, it is believed, that the air is very
temperate." The information of Mr. Falconbridge con-
firms the opinion of Lient. Matthews, in his late publica-
tion, as well as that of geographers. "1 believe," srays
Lieut. M. "that Sierra Leone, if properly cleared and
cultivated, would be equal in salubrity, and superior in
cultivation, to any of the Islandls of the West Indies."

SOIL OF AFRICA.
Aleredith-page 6.
The Gold Coast, and all tropical Africa, is capable
of affording incalculable advantages, if the inhabitants
can be incited to industry. It is emiriched beyond the
credibility ofthose unacquainted within it. Its hills are stor-
ed with various metals andl minerals, and its valleys are
blessed with a fertility scarcely to be exceeded by any
country under the same latitude."
Page 3. It is'very remarkable that tropical Africa
will be found, on examination, to possess the richest soil
of the whole continent," '

Wadstro'n, pa'ge 28, chap. iv.part 1.
"The soil, all along the coast, is very unequal. From
Caps Blanco to the river Gambia, it is, in general, very
sandy, with a very large admixture of broken shells, rand
is covered in many places with a rich black mould. Even
thIe most barren and unpromising tracts of this part of
the country, except just on the sea shore, are covered
with bushes and grass of a great growth : and where
the black mould is found, the vegetation is luxuriant to
a degree unknown in the most fertile parts of Europe,
and the trees are of various dimensions.
Mt. Adanson, a celebrated Naturalist, who was sent to
Africa, in 1793, at the request of the French Academy
of Sciences, observes, that the soil from Cape Blanco to
thie Gambia, though by no means bad upon the whole,
is not to be compared, in fertility, with that of the coun-
try from that river to Rio Nunez, which is equalled by
few soils, and surpassed by none oa the face of tie
globe. His observations apply not only to the coast, but
to very extensive tracts of the inland countries. The evi-
dence given before the privy council, abundantly con-
firms the observations of M. Adanson, my fellow-travel-
lers, and myself," &c.


The steamboat Quebec, which is propelled up-
on the low pressure principle, burst her boiler
last week on the river St. Lawrence, which en-
veloped the boat and passengers in steam for' a
few moments, but did no injury whatever to any
one on board. In such boats, there is no danger
to life,


DIEtD,
At his residence, in Prince George's county Md., on
Sunday night last, FRANCIS TOLSON, EsI. in the
62d year of his age. The death of this wortly gentle-
man was caused by a fall from his horse, a t'e:, days i:-
fore, and the suddenness of tio bereavement nas given
doubi'le force to the blow wincli overwhelms lis 'er" nuune-
rous f.unily with aiffiction, and has deprived society and
his friends of one who was eminently esteened tor hi.
upright litie, his kind disposition, and liberal lospitahty.

THEATRE.


MR. CALDWELL'S FIRST NIGHT.

Box 1 dollar, Pit 50 cents;,
Children under 12 ears ofage, half pri;t to box and
pit. Gallery lor colored people, 50 cenws.

The Public is respectfully informed that Mr. CALD-
WELL, of the New Orleans Theatre, is engaged for
illtt'E NIGHTS, and will make his first appear-
ance on
TUESDA YE VENLING, September 7, 1824,
When will be presented Shakspeare's "'ragedy of
IHAMLETr, l'rince of Denmark.
Hamlet, Mr. CA LD WELL.
[For Characters rereesented, see hlls.]
To which will be added, the favorite Ballet of
Little Red iid(ing Hlod.
In the course of this piece, will be introduced a PAS.
SEUL, by Miss flathwell; a PAS DE DIEUX, to the fa-
vorite air of Paddy O'Raffrrty, by Miss H. HIlathwell and
Miss Hathwell; a PAS DE DEUX, to the air of Coolin,
by Miss H. Hathwell and Miss Hathwell-
To conclude with a General Dance.
Mr. CALDWELL'S ". ...o.. ao l'thursday next.
: ,The Doors will be opened at ialr past 6 o'clock,
and the curtain rise at half past 7, precisely. Smoking
is absolutely prohibited in every part of the Theatre.
*,* Boxes one dollar-Pit fifty cents; Chilhihen half
price to Box and Pit. h place is appropriated to peo-
ple of color-Admittance 50 cents. Checks not trails-
ferable.
I'- Tickets to be had at the office in front of the
Theatre; at Messrs. Davis and Force's Bookstore; at
the Lottery and Exchange'OtTce ot'Mr B.O.Tyler ; andr
at the Dltu.l 3Sores of Mr. William Gunton, and Mr. John
Duckwortli, Penis3lvania Avenue.
seiit 7


The Editors of the AMERIOAN GAZETTE
ANP LITERARY JOURNAL request the return of
thi names of their subscribers.
sept 7-3t H. LEE & Co.
_- The ', ASHINGTON CAVALRY will meet for
dill, in Full Uniform, oi I'hursday next, the 9di instant,
on the ground immediately north of the Capitol, at 4
O'clock, P. ;. precisely. S. MASI.
Ssep 7-
:9C A stated meeting of the COLUrMBIAN
YiEftius will be held th s evening at 7 o'clock, at the
City Hlall. Punctual attendance is requested. Those
wishing to become members will please attend.
\ M. COOPER, Jr. Sec'ry.
sep 7-

THEATRE SHARE.
F')R Sale, one Shart of thie S I OCK of the WASHl-
LINGTON 'THEATRE.
-.p 7 MOSES POOR.
BACON & SOAP.
J[UST received, a quailily of 6ACON, which will be
sold low, by wholesale or retail, The HAMS of this
Biacon are of a superior quality.
Also, received, SOAP, ii brxes
THOMAS LEVERING,
sept 7-eo3t 7th street, near the Post Office.

POSTPONED TO 18th SEPTEM.4BER.

Public Sale of Valuable Livery Stable.
U'NDER the authority of a deed of trust from James'
Smith, the subscriber will sell at public auci-'rn on
saturday, the '2411hday iof July, inst. at the Indian Queen
ontel, kept by Jesse Brown,in the City of Washing'on.
iil th- ..ig; f, tii Ia. and interest, of the said imi'h,in and
to lot No. 8, in square No. 49: in ime said city, with the
buildings rnd improvements th reon. Sale t,, take
;lace at 4 o'clock, P. M. Terms made known at time
of sale.
RICHARD WALLACK, Trustee.
july 9 6t P. MAURO, Auctioneer.
f-y The above sale is again postponed, but.
will positively take place on Saturday, the 18th
instant, at the above mentioned hour and place.
sept 7-eots P. M A.I lt I, Auct.
DAMASCUS SWORD.
Q MASI lihas just received and offers for sale, a real
S .* DAMAnCUS SWORD, goli mounted, with agate
hilt, and stilettoes in the most superb style.
Also, one case elegant DUELLING PISTOLS, hair
triggers, barrels Damasked with fine gold, and mounted
with chased silver, from the manufactory of the celebrat-
ed BouTET, of Versailles.
sept 7-d3t
Ne w oYlt Aittaturr &otter,
CLASS No 2, r n AUGUST. 824.
Will be drawn on the 2Cth of October next, and finished in
a few minutes
60 Numbers-9 BULlots to be drawn.
HIGHEST PRIZE
20,000 DOLLARS.
SCHEME.
1 prize of S.'0,0U0 is $20,000
1 10,000 10,00O
I 5,081 5,( 82
20 1,000 U2000
20 00 10,U000
41 200 8, 00
51 100 5.100
51 60 3,060
1734 12 20,808 .
11475 6 60850
13395 Prizes, 34,220 Tickets' 171,100
0825 Blanks, 4220 Tickets.
The Tickets in this Lottery are so arranged that the
trawirg of NINK numbers only will determine the fate
of the whole Lottery, consequently, there Will be but
.)NE DRAWING!
oxZY Pull Schemes to be had gratis on application
A.LLENS' Office.
Certificate package 20 Whole Tickets, $94 10.
Do do 20 Half do 47 05.
Do oo 20 Quarter do 23 53.
Whole T'ickets $7 00 Quartera $1 75
Halves 3 50 Eighths 0 88
For sale, in a great variety of numbers, at
ALIENS'
Lottery and Exchange Office,
Pennsylvania Avenue, W:,shington tity.
Where the CASH may be had for prizes at any mo-
ment.
.yf Distant adventurers, by signifying their wish, will
be informed the fate of tickets ordered from ALLENS'
office as soon asdrawn.
Orders from any part of the United States, per mail,
..>ost paid, or by private conveyance, enclosing the cash
or prizes in any of the New York, Philadelphia, or Balui.
nore lotteries, will meet the most prompt attention, if
addressed to S. &. M. ALLEN, & Co.
sept 4-3t S. Washington City
FRESH TEAS.
UNpOWDER, IMPERIAL, YOUNG HYSON, and
POUCIIONG, (or Black Tea,) of the latest impor-
tations, and best quality; in half pound papers, and in
two and six pound lead and wooden boxes, put up for
family use.
WILLIAM COX,
Opposite Williamson's Hotel, Penn; Avesue.
sept 8-dl1.


sept 7-


MOSES POOR,
Auciouneer,


PROSPECTUS OF VOL. VI.
OF THE
Washington Theological Repertory,

The profits of this twork will be devoted to the Edutcation of
pious young .len for the 'i.mistry of the
Episcopal Church.
TIHE Ri.PEBTORY has now resahed the sixth voe
I u *i:e. r'he patronage it :as receive d; i;s extensive
..irculati n front one end of the United States to thd
other ; its continuan'te and prodfre.sive .mprvement
during a permd, in w.iich o many works in similar de-
partments, have arisen and dted, are the best recomA
inenda'ions its friends could desire.
This work, since tht- comrn-encement of the 5tI Voo.
*time, has been very considerably improved in site and1
(xecrtion. Instead of 32 eapes, as tbrm-rly, it now con'
'ains 48 large octavo pages, hindsornely' printed, on ex-
cellent paper. It is published punctuilly, on ihe 15th
da' of every month, and distributed with 'the utmost
possible regularity.
Very obvious improvements have 1. o been made
since the beginiiing of the 5ih volume, in the -.ateials
ol the work. From his nua.erous corresporndr ns, the
editor has been' enabled to supply tile Rcieert' r with
a monthly preparation, of paper., which to tohos:e inte-
r. steel in the Episcopal Church, and in true r, lig.oii
could not fail of being interesting. To enrich i.s pages
with a greater vari ty of matter, a Layman, of distin-
guished talents who has already occasionally anntserl
and instructed its readers, will be thereafter associated
with the Editors. a;d has engaged to devote a consider'
able portion of his time for the purpose of rendering&
the work more acceptable to the public.
Unpr..filtile controversy will be stodo)usly avoided,
,nd on:y Ahen circumstances imperiously require, w 11
ow enter upon the defence of thos- tights and privi.
!eges which appertain to the several orders of the mi- .
nistry, and o,' hli different diocessey; or when call d t'j
contend f'or he faithonce.delivered to the Saints. against
t ither tlhi .tacks ot infidelity, _or the corruption: of
popery, will we consent to 0, en our p-ges toeliTs pur-
'se. The Editr and nis assistants, n ,v.ng no p irs. al
in erests to effi.ct, are only desirous rf pr mo- .ig lce
.'st irur sts of the Fpi.colal Church, and the .:use
,'f" pure and undefiled religion." With these views, the
work e;n. races-
1. The Theological Depaitment; under which ar in-
:.erted, Essays on the piti icipies and piracrice of Clhrisa
tianity; select extracts from Theological %'iters; re-
mar ks on the nature rind cono,tituiionA f the Churchl
critical, exegetical, and practical obserra tios on pas'
sages of Scriptuiire, &(c.
2. miscellaneouss Department; under which are insert.
ed, religi-.us Bi-t -: ui.'s; edit ing ;1.. 'c.io,.e; icidF.-n
tal issavs; retmirks relative to the' particula, forni.,dis,
cipline, and rntersts of the l;piscpal C(hurc;i &. .
3. Reviews ,of us...fiI or ,!jlr.li is R pu hcatiois.
4. Foreign and Domestic Religious Intelligence; com
1tisitg h- in,.st inmeres.ing accounts ro thlie ,rog'.ss of1
'be spelll here and abroad; wilt a special reference
*o the Episcopal Church in the United States, its sociei
ties, :oissi,'ns, ordina- ons, &c.
5. A place for edifying Obituaries.
The terms of this work are so low, as to bing it with
in the m-ans of all; and when it is emn. mbered how fewi
are the mearis in 'he reach of Epis"'p. Il'ns generally
of becoming srequainted with the sbuation, interest:., an.
wants of their own Church; how useful such publica-
tions, when well conducted, must prove to every family
into which they enter; how far behind other denomina.
tons, in their support, the members of the Episcopal
Church have hitherto been ranked; and how very im"
portant is the purpose to which the profits of the Reper-
tory are devoted, it is hoped this work will receive an
extensive enlargement of the public patronage.
The Repertory is published by JAMES C. DuNsN
Georgetown, D. C.i to whoni all comritunications andrei
mittances must be made.
Price, S2 50 per annum, if paid in advance, or within
three months atter the commencement of the. v'ume in
-august, or thlie time of subscribing. Afttr that period#
fifty cents must be added.
Persons obtaining subscribers, and becoming respon-
sible tor the amount of subscription, wi!' be entitled to
every sixth copy; cr where five or more copies of the
work are sent to anv post office any individual may en-
:itle himself to one for every advance for five subscrio
bers, free of postage
CONTENTS
Of the NVumber for .dugust, (JVo. 1, vol. 6.)
Editorial Address
Theological Departments-Thoughts on the Sabbathm-
Thoughts on the Sabbath, during the Jewish Dispensas
,ion. .
Jiiscellaneous Department.-Remarks on the German
J ws-On iltvivals ot Reli.ion-Sketch of the Chris-
liar, in his temper and conduct towards God, his neigh- 1
bor, and himself-Examples of Youthful Piety-" lmita-
;non of Christ," by Thomas A'Kemprs-A Universal
Prayer--Duwy of Masters to Slaves-An Invocation-
Transuibstantiation.
Literary and Philosophical Intelligence
lForeihnr Intelligence.-Paiestne Mission-London Mat
Mce e:..'g-.
Domestic Intelligence.-Contributions to the Ed'on So,
ciety-F"emale Ed. Society of Alexandria-Ordina.ions
hnd Collection for the Education Society-Marylani
Convention-Consecration-New Churches-institution
and Confirmation-Notice of the death of Mrs. Moore.~.
Obituary of Andr' w Rumsey.
To Correspondents.
sept 7-1t
FOk RENT,
THE Store, Counting Room, and Cellar, on F street
nearly opposite the Old Branch Bank, and possess
sion to be had immediately. Inquire of the subscriber.
S. IfOLT2MAK.
sept 7-3t


WASHINGTON DRAMATIC SOCIETY,

- IlEr Manager of the above Snciety respectfully in*
Sf rmi i. Ladi(s and t;wic leni ir t his Cily, that
L nir nix' Pert'.r naice, .t .A V, AatIINGTON AS-
SEMBLY UNitiol, lor tile benefit ofl tie
FE ..LIHE OR'tII'IN .,SLUAII,
[Fill take place on if'dnesday Lvening, Sept. 8.
T n b ..1ri m .-
Wi O'S 'TH E DUPE ?
[ -or Characters rOreseuted, see Bil's.]
Previous to th. Pcitbormaice of the above, a PrologiaR
will be spok n by J B. E.
In consequence of the absence of one of the Members
or h:i, t' .aslimrigtrn ra matic Scie y," the Mp"agele
so ':-'eN Mt i. ifr' his city, to petirm lb' part o"
riDsley." tomNwi lie has kiodly iigri-ed, anti in which
i. -a.'.-, i,, -,.ill ih roni!uce the Comic Song of Jeck'j
liarlin and the "Fortune Teller, or, Howr. to tell your owt
1Foi t'e."
li the course of' tne evening; ,'l be spoken, by Mr.
C., an American production called IThe Blessings of
Liberty."
A Recitation of Dryden's Feast if J'lexander," by
G. W.
The Evenirrg's Amusement to conclude with the Co-
mic Song of" ThIe Queer Littfe .l.ni," by Mr. B.
Tickets for k-: .es have been tfurnished t ratise ; and
they are :. :' ,, '.r i q. ..i stedto .l. I ,.. .i ith
Door-kee .:., lh,-: .- ',I Ieveni :- 'I "- A ".
Gtnitl-.men's 'Pickets are to be procured at tlie Book-
stores of Messrs. Davis and Force, Mr. Pishey rTiomp-
son, and ai the Door on the Evening of the t'erformi-
ance ; price 25 cents ; (Children halt price.
C0 Doors open at half past six, and the Performancd
to commence at half past seven o'clock precisely.
sept 7 G.
AUCTION.
O'N WENDESDAY, 'lhe bill instant, at 4 o'clock, irt
Front of the Auction Rooms, will be sold a large
cti election of i.ew and second hand FURNITURE, con.
sisting of:
3eds andp Mattresses
Biedsteads
Rush seat and other Chairs
2 Car,)ets
Tables
Kitchen Utensils, &:c &c.
SXl/so,
Tobacco, Snuff, Cigars,
Starch, Chalk, Sc &c,





S 'I'


COLONIZATION MEETING.

We avail ourselves of the first spare room, t
render justice to Lieut. R. F. STOCKTON, wh
presided at a late Meeting at Princeton, at which
an Auxiliary Colonization Society was formed
selecting, from the account of the Meeting, th
Address which he delivered on that occasion.
In pursuance of a public notice that had bee
given in the several newspapers, printed in Nev
Jersey, a large and respectable Meeting too
place in the Church, in the Borough of Princeton
on Wednesday, July 14, 1824.
On motion made and seconded, ROBERT FIEL:
STOCKTON, Esq. of the United States' Navy, wa
requested to take the Chair; and on taking th
Chair, opened the Meeting with the following
Address

The promptness with which I accept this high honor
which you, my fellow-citizens, have conferred upon me
arises not from any presumption of my own worthiness
but from an unwillingness to slight, in the least degree
the smallest ma,'k of your esteeii. The usual embar
rassinents which are experienced upon the first occasion
of a young man's addressing a public assembly, are
much increased by the peculiar circumstances under
.which I am called upon to fulfil the duties of your chair
man ; and perceiving, among this audience, some of the
.most learned and distinguished men, before whose age
and experience it would better become me to be silent,
I confess, my confidence has almost forsaken me, and
my mind would surely sink under the weight of this ex.
ertion, did I not. know, that all the deficiencies of the
person addressing you, will readily be made up by the
intelligence and sagacity of those who hear him.
In conformity with t6e common practice .upon such
occasions, I beg your indulgence while I shall endeavor,
in the briefest manner, to give an outline of the design,
commencement, and progress, of the AMERIUCAN SolII:-
Trr aoii COLONIZIG TiHE FliEE PEOPLE OF oLOL OF TaL
UWiTrED STATES ; and in aid of which, this Public Meet.
ing has been called; leaving it to be filled up by gen-
tlemen, who are much more competent, and, no doubt,
prepared, to give to this matter a thorough investigation.
Slavery, with all its unprecedented atrocities, had, for
many years, been thl. constant theme of reflection and
discussion among the Philanthropists, of the world; and
in no country were their exertions, to put an end to that
traffic, and to make amends for the mistaken policy and
cruel inhumanity of our progenitors, more zealous and
sincere than in this, our own ; various had been the stig-
gestions and plans of the friends of justice and humani-
ty, to put a stop to that trade; and for the gradual aboli-
tion of slavery, throughout our country. But no man
was found, sufficiently bold and able to lay before the
public a well digested'plan, obviating the objections,
which had always been raised against this effort of bene-
volence; (the greatest of which was, the letting loose
upon the community of the United States, such a body
of men, who had no important interests at stake, nor
any common concern in the permanency of our institu-
tions;) until the Rev. Mr. Finley of this State, with the
assistance of others, made known the present scheme of
the American-Society for Colonizing the free people of
color of the United States. The remembrance of Mr.
Finley's exalted virtues and steady perseverance in
the paths of rectitude, and honor, and humanity, swell
my besom with emotions, not easily to be checked; for
to none were they better known, than to myself, having
been one of his pupils-and may I not be permitted, on
this occasion, to oft'er my humble but sincere tribute of
'respect, to the memory of one so great and so good.
His object was national, as well as humane and religious.
The- nation ought, and I have no doubt will, honor him,
If those, then, who are connected with him by no other
tie. than that of national pride, will respect and cherish
his memory, where, would you draw the limits to that
ardent and enthusiastic regard, which every friend may
be allowed to entertain for his character? I have said,
he was a good mani; and as it is the highest eulogium,
that can be bestowed upon any one, I will leave this sub.
ject, pleasing as it is, for the purpose of performing my
duty; and relieving you, as soon as possible, from the
fatigue of hearing me,, and be myself relieved from. that
perturbation of mind, which arises from the novelty of
my situation.
It has been stated that the objects of the authors of
that Institution were national and religious; but perhaps
it will ndt be amiss to be a little more particular and mi-
nute, as there appears to be some misunderstanding of
that particular.,
Their first ai'd great object was a gradual abolition of
Slavery. They perceived- the dangers that would re-
suit from the liberation of slaves in any number, until.
some suitable place, -beyond the limits of the United.
States, had been prepared for their reception, and there-
*v. fore proposed the plan which is now inr-successful ope.
ration.
A second motive was, to- reclaim the inhabitants of
Africa from savageness and_ brutality. That vast conti-"
nent is said to contain fifty millions of inhabitants;
whose pleasures are sloth and idleness; their employ-
ments, rapine and murder; their knowledge, treachery;
their government, force, cruelty, and oppression ;- their
religion, a blind devotion to, the most profane and
bloody superstitions; and in truth, the whole of that im-
S mense population vitiated and debased by the most
profound ignorance, and unrestrained barbarism. To
ciilize this degenerate people, to change their ignor-
.ance into knowledge, their horrible superstition into a
right understanding of the Christian Religion, their
treachery into good faith, and their slothfulness into in-
dusidy, are among the results contemplated by the pro-
posed plan of the AMERICAN COLONIZATIoaN SocIETr.
A third motive that was strong in. its operation upon
S the mind of Mr. Finley and his coadjutors, was the sup-
pression of the Slave Trade. I 1 need not, detain you by
any comment upon the wickedness and barbarity of that
Trade-it has been so often the theme of just reproach
and severe invective, and all Christendom seems to have
S settled down upon the principle, that such traffickers
are "hostes human generis." But, as the first founders
of that Institution have so often been accused of extra.
vagant and visionary expectations, it may not be uube.
S coming in me to state how it was expected that the es-
tablishment of a Colony on the Coast of Africa would
operate upon that trade.
All the inhabitants of that region, south of the Great
Desert, have been for ages constantly supplied with
rum, tobacco, pipes, &c. &c. &c, through the instru-
-mentality ofthe Slave Traders; and having been led to
believe, that their supply of those articles depended
entirely upon the prosecution and prosperity of that
trade, they are continually engaged in wars for the pur.
Spouse of its continuation. They have been led from the
cultivation ot their rich and luxuriant soil, and even from
the chase, the legitimate pursuit and manly employment
of savage life, to the unnatural practice of speculating
in human blood No rational mind can believe that the
feelings of relation, and friend, and tribe, and country-
man, could have been originally denied to this people ;
but rather, thiat it had been paralysed by the prospect of
gain, the removal of which powerful principle would
restore to the African, in full force, his natural regards
and tifiendships. It was, tl erefore..haiofed, rtht-athe
establishnfetit of a Colony in tine heart, of the Slave
Trade, would lead them to the cultivation of the land
and the ardor of the chase, as a more quiet and easy
mode ot obtaining those articles of European luxury,
S which have become almost necessary to their existence.
S Such were the views and.intentions upon which the
S American Society for colonizing the free people of color
of the United States was instituted. This scheme had
r; o o sooner been promulgated, than an attack was made
upon the purity ot its principles. It was thought by the
inhabitants of the Southern Section of the Country to be
a alaniw generated in the North, to operate against the in-
terest of the South; and in the North, it was thought a
Southern project, to get rid of the Free Blacks. only


that they might tighten the chains of Slavery. Steady
perseverance, however, overcame misrepresentation
and calumny, and they both yielded to the irresistible
force of truth and humanity. A cry o' visionary enthu-
siasm was, however, still heard. The constant exclama-
tion was, "show us that your plans are feasible ; con-
vince us that the thing can be done."
The Managers wen tto the experiment, elated with
hope and joy, and, after great exertion, fitted out an .ex-
pedition to the Island of Sherbro. Intelligence from
that expedition, of a most disastrous nature, soon reach-
ed tie United States. It wrtnrg the heart of every
rlieead of the Society, and checked for a time (until the


true cause of that melancholy misfortune could be clea-
ly underaood) the exertions the Managers.
Although it was necessary at that time, that the caus
should beexplained, it is not so now, in the present rad
vanced state of the Society's affairs: for the pestilenc
ho of the Islaid of Sherbro, or the treachery and infamy <
ch Kezzell, his no more to do with the climate of Montse
rado, or tie character of its inhabitants, than a '-outhier
I, fever can tflect'the State of New Jersey. I will no
e therefore, dwell upon that scene of lamentation an
grief, long-r than to pay a proper respect to the memi
ry of Mills md of Bacon, and the others, who fell in thl
n exercise of the most magnanimous and disinterested 1to
w inanity. Their bodies are on the coast, but their men
k' ories a'e enbalmed in the hearts of their couiitrymel
May their nmies and their exertions be perpetuate
n, the one for >raise, and the other for imitation.
On the fi'st intelligence of this disaster, the whio!
D plan was denounced as impracticable; and, without
s looking into the causes of that melancholy fatality, thi
opponents of the Institution would persuade thr
e the Almighty had placed inipassab'le barriers to the civ
g lization of Aifrica ; and that, therefore, the scheme of thl
Colonization Society must fail. But whence came thI
important conclusion, this would-be prophecy, thi
., knowledge ef the future ? Was it the result of carefi
e, examination, and the deduction of sound philosophy
i, or did the great Jehovah let them into the secrets of HEl
unfathomable designs ? or was it written in the Sun
beams of the heavens ? No :-they would not under(
t the labor of inquiry and rational investigation ; the
e were unworthy of inspiration, nor had they any know
r ledge of the future ; but it was the inveteracy of preji
dice, the violent effusions of hasty thought.
e In this distress, the first attention of the Society was al
e rected to a complete & impartial investigation of the cau
ses which produced it. Their misfortune was traced to th
d deceit ofpersons in whom they had aright to confide, & t
the unfortunate location of the first settlement. The
arose from this painful inquiry, with minds harasse
with grief, but fortified by confidence, and relying upoa
that Mighty Power, who said : Let there be light, an(
there was light ;" they made another appeal to their
fiends and the public; and were enabled, in the course
of a-year, to obtain an Agent of great enterprise ani
merit, who was directed, with a public vessel to assis
him, to make a careful examination of the whole West
ern Coast of Africa ; to ascertain if there was not somne
part thereof, which, from the salubrity of its clifnate
and the fertility of its soil, would afford well founded
hope of future prosperity. The success which reward
ed the courageous enterprise, and the disinterested sa
crifices of Dr. Ayres, is known to the public, and as th<
particulars can be found in the Reports of the Soaiety,
will not detain you with a relation of the difficulties ant
privations endured by him; but be satisfied with stating.
that, overcoming all those difficulties, prohoincec
to be insurmountable, he succeeded in establishing Co.
lony at Cape Montserrado, which is called Liberia and
which is now flourishing and happy; and is a clear de
monstration of the "feasibility of the plan" of the olo-
nization Society; and a practical answer to the comnion
exclamation, "Convince us that the thing can be dote."
The successful establishment of the Colony at Libe-
ria has silenced all doubts in respect to the pricticWbi.
lity of the Colonizing system; and the improbability of
its future success, is now the principal ground of \b-
jection. These doubts are founded chiefly upon the hin-
salubrity of the climate; the barrenness of the soil; t '
obstacles to its cultivation.; the want of capacity in thi
negro; and lastly, the great" expense attending their
transportation thither.
There is not a greater misapprehension, in relation t(
the whole of this matter, than chat which has arisen frotr
the want of proper information, in regard to the climate
of that part of the Coast of Africa. It is unnecessary tc
enter into any speculation upon that subject. It is now
placed beyond reasonable doubt, by this most,convincineg
evidence: that the Colony of Liberia has been settled
for three years, during which time twenty-five deaths
only have occurred; fourteen by fever, five killed ini
battle, one by the falling of a tree, two drowned, one by
mortification, and the rest casualties. The greatest ob-
stinacy cannot ask- more incontrovertible proof on this
point.
The soil of that part of the Coast of Africa is exceed.
ingly fertile. It is capable of producing rice, cotton, in-
digo, and sugar; and gold dust, bides, gums, and cam-
wood, can be procured in great abundance.
The facilities which are offered for cultivating the soil
at Liberia, are at this time very great. For a few years
past, the Slave Trade, through which channel, as I be-
fore mentioned, the natives have been in the habit of re-
ceiving their supplies ofrum,tobacco, &c. &c. has been
much interrupted, and, in some places on that coast, en.
tirely stopped; for instance, at Liberia and its neigh-
borhood, once a great mart for that trade. This has
rendered their supplies_eariu an. f .I"-.. c u
wehiciucertainty is.felt by all, and they are desirous
for some more regular and certain means of procuring
those necessaries,. and are ready and willing to engage
in any employment offered tq them, by which they may
be obtained. There are thousands of people there,
whbse energies may be directed in any course, either
good or evil. Enhance the value of slaves, by a brisk
demand, and you will produce war, rapine, and murder'.
Create a demand for what their soil can produce, and
they will use the hoe. Give them a pound of' tobacco,
a yard of muslin, a string of beads, a pair of shoes, or a
hat, in exchange, and you will get the valuable produc-
tions of their rich and fertile soil.
As to the intellectual qualifications of the negro-it is
unfair to judg6 of him in that respect as he is here seen
in a state of servitude, At the English Settlemen s up.
on the coast of Africa, natives have been taught all the
mechanic arts. In Regent's Town, young natives are
making rapid'progress in the Latin -and Greek lan.
guages, who, six years ago, were wild and ignorant. It
is found, they acquire a knowledge of the Arts and
Sciences with as much facility as any other people, and
it is only here, in their state of degradation, that such a
question has been agitated.
With regard to the expense of transportation, it is
not by any means so great as has been represented. I
have the authority of a letter from Dr. Ayres, of whom I
have before spoken, for stating, that tle last caMnpany, of'
one hundred and five persons, were taken out*f6r twen-
ty-six dollars each ; and when the prosperity of the Co-
lony shall enable them to furnish a return cargo, it will
unquestionably reduce the average price to a much
lower rate; and, in fact, a great many- will be able to
work their own passages, as soon as a brisk trade shall be
opened with the Colony.
In this manner of viewing the affairs of the American
Society for Colonizing the Free People of Color of the
United States, I think you will yield your hearty assent
to the purity amd philanthropy of its principles: fin;
you no ious for the civilization of Africa, and cannot but rejoice
in the destruction of the Slave Trade. I think also that
you must be satisfied that thIe climate is sufficiently sa-
lubrious for our black population; thIat the soil is god ;
that the facilities for cultivation and improvement are
great; that the intellect of the Negro, in a state of natu
ral freedom; is strong enough ; that the expense of trans-
portation is not much; and, finally, that .thie plan of the
Amnerican Society for Colonizing the Free People of Co-
lor of the United States, is not only practicable, but
there is great probability that, with moderate assistance
from the nation, it will succeed to the utmost expecta-
tiops of its first friends.
To appeal to your feelings upon an occasion like the
present, and to offer inducements to a popular assembly
to aid in so good a work, presents a fine field for declama-
tion. But I believe there is too much intelligence in tlins
meeting to bear with such presumption from me; and, that
all you require is affair understanding of the subject, to
induce you to advocate, with zeal and alacrity, the views
of the parent institution, and to form a society auxiliary
thereto.

FOR SALE,
O-N the 12th day of Oc ober next, upon the premises,
if not previously disposed of, of which due noti jn
will be given, all my share of the CI.lFTON FACTO(-.
RY, situated upon St. Mary's River, St. Mary's Ciunty,.
Maryland; consisting of C 'I'TON FACTORY, W' OL.
LEN FACTORY, WEAVING Establishment, GRIS I


MILL, TANNERY, &c. ks it is presumed no person
will purchase the above wi hout first vi',wing the pre
mises, a further description is deemed unnecessary.
The terms will be-one-enth of the purchase monei
in hand, and any reasonable length of credit will be giv-
en on the balance, if satisfactorily secured. I will ac-
company any person intending to purchase, to the pre-
mises, by calling at my hotise at Porto Bello, and give
all the information concerning it that is required.-
There are 550 acres of land attached to the premises.
july 27-NIwts ARCH'D BINNY.


THIRTY YEARS AGO.

rRo!t0 THE LONDON MiRROii.
Thirty years ago, there were many hun-
d tred millions of humnin beings alive who are now
dead. It requires not the aid of inspiration to
foretel the same catastrophe respecting hundreds
of millions now living, in thirty years to come.
Thirty years ago, all Europe was involved in
the French Revolutionary War, the most atrocious
and diabolical strife in which the lives of men
were ever thrown away, since the age ofNimrod,
by the most humane, intellectual, and rehligious
'nations under the sun, in comparison with whom
nearly all the rest of the people of the earth are
cruel, ignorant, idolatrous barbarians Such is
the consistency of human character. We dare
t not prophecy that the crimes and cruelties of a
simdiar conflict wiil not be renewed fur thirty
s years to colne.
3 Thirty years ago, Mr. Pitt was in the zenith of
pnwer, and Mr. Fox '-) the nadir of opposition,
balancing between them our political sphere,
amidst those disturbing forces of tremendous en-
ergy, which then were shaking the whole system
of civilized society around. They are now sleep-
ing side by side, under their marble tombs, in
Westminster Abbey, and our little world of poli-
tics is in equilibrium' still without them. We
ne'er may look upon their like again;" and yet
what reason is there to question that two as great
as they, and better paired to serve their country,
by union rather than by contention, may arise in
thirty years to come ?
Thirty years ago, this kingdom was divided
against itself by the Aristocrats and the Jacobins,
the first ofwhom were willing to sacrifice the liber-
ties of their country to prevent the latter from
extending them by a reformation of abuses. The
one monopolized all the loyalty, and the other all'
the independence, in the land, and each with
equal pretensions-that is, with none at all. Thre
legal fiction of Constructive treasqn" was in-
vented in those days, and explained with such
consummate clearness, in a speech of nine hours,
by the present Lord Chancellor, then Attorney
General-that no twelve honest men could be
found to understand it-consequently, the accus-
ed were most ignorantly acquitted. May never
a Jury be more enlightened for thirty years to
come !
Thirty years ago, the National Debt was some
two or three hundred millions. By able manage-
ment it has been raised, in the interval, to thrice
that sum. 'But it already shews such symptoms of
decay, that, unless some new war be engaged in to
recruit it, there is cause to fear it may be reduced
to the first named amount in thirty years to come.
Thirty years ago, the Slave Trade was a law-
ful, honorable, humane, and Christian occupation.
It is now piracy, and persons engaged in it are
liable to be hanged by the neck until dead," at
the yard arm. Human laws are ever varying-
Iustice is eternal. Slavery itself is now as lawful,
honorable, humane, and Christian a thing as the
slave trade was then ; there are some signs of the
iime which afford a hope that, by a natural de-
raise, a legal execution, or actual suicide, our co-
lonies will be rid of this curse in thirty years to
come.
Thirty years ago, Bonaparte was not known,
except as an artillery officer in the French army.
His campaigns in Italy, Germany, Egypt, Syria,
Poland, and Russia; his exile at Elba, his return
to Paris, his overthrow at Waterloo, his impri-
sonment at St. Helena, and his death, have all been
and gone, and as if they never had been, except in
their consequences, which will not cease to be
implicated with the fate of nations till the world's
end. There may be a boy at school, this day, or
rathecatlima,A hrge-the snidsummer-i:authin,"
who shall arrive at equal eminence of power,
glory, and dominion, over the destinies of man,
through life and beyond the grave, in thirty years
to come.
Thirty years ago, the small pox was a perpetual
pestilence, walking in darkness throughout the
world, wherever ships and armies, merchants or
travellers from Europe had visited. Vaccination
has chased this fiend from the rising of .the sun to
the going down of the same, and from the shores of
Greenland to Patagonia. There will scarce-
ly be a pock-t'r'ked face to be seen thirty years
to come.
Thirty years ago, there was scarcely a poet
living among us, except Cowper and Peter
Pindar.. There are now as many authors of vo-
lumes of verse as days in the year-aye, even in
a leap year-we had almost said hours. The
works of thirty of these may, perhaps, be remem-
:bered for thirty years to come.
Thirty years ago, there was neither gas lights
nor steam packets, nor safety lamps, nor life
bats, nor a hundred other useful mechanical and
philosophical inventions. All these will most
probably be improved beyond what can be antici-
pated for thirty years to come.

Gaming.-The passion for gaming, wherever
it is indulged, is .pernicious to individual thrift or
peace of mind, and equally so to the morals of the
community. It has recently led to the most tra-
gical catastrophes, and brought some of its vota-
ries, by no very circuitous road, to the gallows ;
but still these awful beacons are not regarded by
the numerous travellers in the road of folly, and
in the mazes of dissipation, extravagance, and
vice. A late London paper states that a noble--
man of very high rank has recently been severe-
ly fleeced.- This nobleman, in the first instance,
won from the table upwards of 80001. Luck, as it
is termed, turned against him, and at the close of
the evening, the noble Lord found himself minus
that amount, and many thousands into the bar-
gain. As an evidence of the prevalence of this
vice among all classes, to the disgrace of some
who aie in the clerical pro'nfession, the same pa-
per adds, "A certain Reverend frequenter of
Mary-le-Bone, is said to have fleeced some of his
lay brethren to thie tune of upwards of 15,0001."
Prov. Gazette.


PUBLIC SALE, BY ORDER OF COURI'.
Y Virtue of a Decree of the Circuit Court of the
19 District of Columbia, sittingas a Court of Chancery,
will be sold to thie highest bidder, on Tuesday the 14th
day of September next, at 4 o'clock, P. M. on the pre-
mises, .
The Houses and Lot at the corner of Cherry street
ant l Market Space, Georgetown,
on a credit of 6, 9, and 12 months, for notes satisfactori-
ly endorsed, bearing interest from the date.
On the payment of the money and ratification of the
sale by the court, and noti before, file Trustees will con-
vey to the purchaser, his heirs and assigns, all the title
and interest, Lothl of the complainants, (viz. the Presi-
dent and DireTtors of tire Union Bank of Georgetown,)
and the defendant, (the late Samuel Turner,) to the
said properly, binding 100feet on Chersy street, and 152
on Market space. D. ENGLISH,
aug 6-wts Trustee.


CRANIOLOGY.

FRO0A THE LONDON NEW t MONTHLY MAGAZIr.
SPURZHEIM vs. LAVATER.
Lavater was once quite "the go,"
And Noses and Eyes were the plan,.
By whieh all tie wise ouis would know
ThIe talents amId thoughts o a ina mai:
As for Noses, 1 know not, I vow,
What they really mean or import,
But :dil who read Sterne, must allow
That along one's preferred to a short.
lhut ohl 'tis tieM glance of the Eye-
S'is the ,dialnce its flashes impart,
Gives the light that I love to read by,
WVhen I study the Ileadl or the lieart.
And who is so sihltless or dull
.ot could learn much more by one look,
Of what passes within IHeart or Skull,
Thaliln by studYiig Spurzheim's whole book"
There are Eyes of all colors and lhues,
In llthe geilestgradation, quite down
From the brightest of blacks and of blues.
To tle softest ofl hazel and brown :
Ani l ils they vary in hue,
Expression, or lustre, you'll find
Each a visit of light to look through,
And study each thought of thie mind.
Thie Black Eye, all sparkling and bright,
Shows a soul full of genius and fire,
Melting softly il Love's tender light,
But flashing resplendent in ire.
The Brown Eye, bewitching and mild,
Speaks a heart that is gentle and true,
Than the Black Eye less fiery and wild,
More tender and fond than the Blue.
Yet Blue's a'sweet color, I own,
The bright laughing hue of high Ileav'n,
WVihichi to light and to gay hearts alone
By the y young tod of Love l is been given.
Thus wicked lhlut Eves to be sure,
Wliat havoc they'd make in the heart
Werc leyiMetnot mirnh a-ore given to cure
Than to lengthen the pang of Love's smart.
But Lavater's no longer "the go,"
Now Spurzheim and Gall are the fashion-
By thie shape of the Skull you're to know,
For tihe future, each talent and passion,
Your granidlther looked tor a wife
With atiae that was fair and purso-full,
But you, 'is you value your life,
Must look to the shape of her Skull.
Her forehead, like love's, must be large,
Expansive, full, prominent, too,
As if proud of the brains in its charge,
It exultingly swell'd into view.
But shun a too prominent Eye,
For thie organ of language is there-
An organ which all men decry,
When developed too much in the fair.
There are some pleasant organs behind,
Seated just at thie top of tie neck:
But if too large, 'twere hard, you will find,
To keep such a lady in check :
For Love, who was once so sublime,
Has quitted his seat in the soul,
Where he lived, in the good "olilen time,"
For a sung little spot in the poll.
But no longer on organs to dwell-
What need I of organs now speak,
Which it is to be hoped you'll know well
Befn e you are married a week!
Only this you will still bear in mind,
Unless you're confoundedly dull,
No beauty in shape you're to find,
Except in she shape of tlhe Skull.

SUPERFINE SPORTING GUNPOWDER,
.4 VJEW .IRTTCLE.
J OHN McCUTCHEN has for sale Dupont's Sporting
F and FF GUNPOWDER, SHOT, of all sizes, and
a general assortment of GROCERIES, SHOES, &c. of
good quality, and reduced prices; a constant supply of
Family FLOUR, and WHISKEY, by the barrel, and re-
tail, at thie corner of F and 13th streets,' (long known as
the stand of Mr. G. C. GRAMMER.)
P. S.. Dupont's Sporting Eagle GUNPOWDER is
warranted cleaner, quicker, and stronger, than any Gun.
powder heretofore.imported.
sept 6-3t

FOR SALE,
A Superb Cut Glass CHANDELIER, of the latest
French pattern. It will be sold on reasonable terms,
f application is made immediately, as it will be removed
in a short- time. -Apply aMrs. AaRWnExvc.s' Hosrding
tHouse, Pennsylvania avenue.
Sept 6-d3t


REAL BEAVER HATS.
S W. HANDY, at the corner East of Brown's Hotel,
k is now finishing a few of those Elegant Water-
proof HATS, made to retail only. Beaveretts, Castors,
and Rorams, in abundance. Also,. Boy's Fur and Wool
Hats.
All kind of Military Hats, made of Fur, will be furnish.
ed at the shortest notice. A few Chapatidebraux on
hand.
Orders from a distance, remitting the cash, will be
promptly attended to. Encircle the head with a strip of
paper, then give the length by measure ement.
sep 6--td

KENTUCKY AGENCY.
R OBERT TRIPLIFTT, (late of Richmond) having
been induced by a number of Virginians to esta.
blish himself in Frankfort, Kentucky, for the transac-
tion of their business, in which he has been engaged
for the last six years, viz: in investigating land titles,
paying taxes, tenanting and selling land, settling estates,
seeing for collecting debts, &c. and for that purpose
having prepared himself at great expense, he now ten.
ders his services in that line to the public in general.
He is well known in Richmond and Petersburg, having
done a large amount of business from those two places,
and some from Norfolk and Fredericksburg, as well as
from various other parts of the State. Refer to Judges
Green, Brook, and Bouldin, the Hon. Win. S. Archer,
of Amelia, Doctor John Adams, Mayor of Richmond,
Messrs. John Scott and Win. S. Stone, Fredericksburg,
Mr. Win. Haxall, Petersburg, and Mr. Alexander Wil.
son, Norfolk; also, the Hon. Thomas Todd, George M.
Bibb, and John J. Crittenden, Frankfort, Kentucky.
R. T. has Agents employed, by whose aid he is en-
abled, on short notice, to have business transacted in
any part of the state. Letters, post paid, directed to
Frankfort, will meet with prompt attention.
june 12-dlm&w2sv


FOR SALE,
T HAT tract of land on which WILLIAM BAYLY,
S_ (deceased) resided at the time of i his death, lying
in Prince George's County, state of Maryland, situated
about two miles west of the turnpike road leading from
Washington to Baltimore, two miles fi'om Bladensburg,
and seven from the City of Washingtoniscontaining 240
acres of land, one third in wood, a large meadow sown
with timothy, two large fields in wheat and rye, the ne-
cessary cornfield already broken up. It has a new and
excellent Dwelling House, with four rooms and a large
passage on the lower floor, two good rooms above;
Overseer's House, Negro Quarters, two Stables, Barn,
awid every necessary Out House. This place has on it
ai Orchard, inferior to none as to quantity and quality;
two Gardens, north and south; Water equal to any on
the globe, with a strongly impregnated,sulphur Spring;
and is one of the most healthy situations in the county.
It is deemed unnecessary to say more, as persons wish-
ing to purchase, *-ill examine before 'hey do.
The terms of sale shall be low-one third cash, the
balance to suit the purchaser. Application to be made
to JOHN H. BAKER,
Agent for the Heirs, Washington City.
april 6-law
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN,
T'O the heirs of a certain JOHN WILSON, who, by
. last accounts, were living somewhere in the State
mf Virginia, that Matthew Wilson, late of Franktbrd
I'ownship, Cumberland County and State of Pennsylva-
lia, brother of said John Wilsoh, by his last will, left a
considerable Legacy, amounting to several thousand dol.
ars, to be p12d to tile heirs of said John Wilson, in case
hey come forward and make legal proof of their right,
n the course of three year' from this date, otherwise
hey are debarred from receiving it.
JOHN M'nDOWELI.,
JOHN DILLEIR,
aug 6-w8wv Execntors.


it

t
th

th


PROPOSALS
For pubushing, in the town of Fredericksburg, Vir-
ginia, a new semi-weekly paper,
TO B1E ENTITLED,
The Vi iginia Free Press;
BY JOHN S. GALLAHER,
(Editor of the Free Press and Ladies' Garland, Hiar ters
Fepry, Virginia.)

PROSPECTUS.
ON presenting to the citizens of Fredericksburg, and
the circumjlcent country, the plan aid conditions
of a news paper, the proposed publisher deems it n ices-
sary, in compliance with the common injunctions of cus-
tom, and in explanation of his views, to be some Phat
explicit in his avowal of the reasons which urge hiir to
solicit their patronage, and the principles and con iuct
by which le hopes to merit their favorable considers: ion.
It would be useless, at this day, to expatiare oi the
utility of newspapers. They have alwa s beon cons; der-
ed, since their introduction into civilized ccmmiim, ties,
useful auxiliaries in the dissemination of knowledge. and
essential to the prosperity and permanency of free go-
vernments. Americans well know the value of these or-
gans of the public will, and it has ever been their pi ide
to cherish and protect them. They know lhat int lili.
gence is the life of liberty:"-that their institutions re-
ceive vigor and effect from the general diffusion of in for-
mation: and that their glory ani we fare depend up n a
just appreciation of human rights. They spurn th ('larlk
doctrines of European despotism, which inculcate ahe
mental delusion and ignorance ot the people.
The time has arrived, when not only every city, but
almost every village, in our widely-bounded repr, blic,
feels the propriety of having a v'girnlit sentinel on the
watch-tower of independence, ready to sound the to csit
of alarm, when Ihe enemies of freedom, either openly
or covertly, assail it. So that if the liberties of the co un-
try should ever he endangered, it wil not be throi igh
the absence of faithfull watchmen, nor from the en 'ee.
Wing influence of ignorance.
A FIETTs miss has been emphatically and justly tern- red
the "palladium of liberty." To publish a paper whiiceh
shall be jusily entitled to this proud appellation, will be
the primary and para mount object of he Editor. He is
well aware of the arduous character .f the duties i m.
posed; the conflicts which the passions and prejudice es
of man create; and the liability' to be influenced by the se
feeling. s, so inherent in human nature. But he v ill
sedulously endeavor to guard against such influence I1 le
has witnessed too many per-versions of the public wi 11,
by presses pledged to the support of men, without r e-
gard to principles; and it is h;s desire to avoid thesE e
errors, by throwing his columns open to fair, cardi. I,
and liberal discussion, on all subjects which involve th e
public weal: conuiident that discussion ,-licits light, ar. d
leads the mind to coract conclusions. Such is his ide
of what constitutes a truly FREE PRESS. All essay: 5,
having this object in view, will receive a cordial we I-
,come; and, while en>rgefic an-l pointed censure of g'.it -.
vances will be tolerated, scurnlity and abuse will b e
avoided as contamination. To sanction such a pr'mstitt I-
tion of the press, would be to convert a blessinr iun o
an evil.
In regard to the political principles of the fiitor, i it
would be a species of egotism to say much. 1They r -
main, in part, to be tested. But he may be pern itte ll
to remark, that they are, in the legitimate sense of th e
word Republican. Born in a land of freedom, and err -
joying its bleisiigs, it is but fair to infer that evert thro b
of his heart is in unison with his cou-trr's god;.t an,'
that every attempt to subvert the principles by which .h
it has been advanced to happiness and honor, will be re -
sisted at the threshold.
It is his opinion, that a readv acquiescence in the mea-.
sures of the majority, when "fairly enacted, constitutes
the first duty of a good citizen. When our rulers;'from
a natural love of power, transcend the boundaries pre-
scribed by the constitution, it is one of our proudest
privileges to remonstrate, and to be heard through the
medium of the press. To be heard successfully. nnly
requires that complaints carry with them the modest,
and manly convictions of truth.I
His course in regard to the prominent political topicI
of the day, shall be marked by the strict rules ofimpar-J.
tiality and justice. But a few weeks remain for its dis.1
cussion; and he has not the vanity to suppose that hit
private predilections, however earnestly urged, wlil
change opinions deliberately formed, The candidate:!
for the Presidency 're men whom the citizens of thi,
country have honored and delight to honor. Each o (
them have numerous and respectable friends, and their '-
several claims should be heard and urged with that can .-
dor.-i"mrperance, and magnanimity, so essential toad'
weight to-airgnment and dignity to the cause discussed 1.
Illiberal and unrestrained vilification of an opponen t,
serves but to detract from the force and brilliancy 41
the praise bestowed upon a favorite; and alienates th4
affections of those who ought rather to be soothed that*
irritated.
Presenting himself upon these broad principles, b, -
cannot doubt that the friendly support of such a pop'i.
lous and 'respectable town and neighborhood will bei
cheerfully afforded him. Places possessing fewer a 4.
vantages, and with a smaller population, than Fred e-
ricksburg, support two papers; and, as he disclaims tall'
selfish or contracted considerations, it is hoped he u il"
not incur the imputation of wishing to circumvent t he
establishment now located in it. But it would be a ne~
flection upon the good sense and liberality of the inl .s-
bitants,.to entertain, for a-moment, the idea that thry
would sanction a monopoly of any kind, more especir 6ly
that of opinion,
With this brief development of his views and object,
the Editor submits his pretensions to patronage to Ihe
candid consideration of the public.

CONDITIONS.
THE VIRGnINIA FaEE PREsS will be published twice, a
week, at Four Dollars per annum, payable in advance.
It will be printed with handsome new type, on a large
super-royal sheet, delivered on the mornings of pub ii-
cation to subscribers in town, and forwarded by the
first mails to distant subscribers.
The publication will commence as soon as 400 sull-
scribers shall be obtained.
Gentlemen who obtain subscriptions will be pleased t4i
make returns by the 10th of September. "
Sept. 6, 1824.


TO WESTERN EMIGRANTS.
S AGENT for numerous persons in Virginia, own.
ing land in Kentucky, I offer for sale lrrg,- quanti.
ties, in various parts of the State, principally in the mid-
dle and southern counties; a few tracts, however, in the
northern. Many of those tracts are of the first quality,
in point of soil and commercial situation; and out of the
number which I have for sale, (largely upwards of one
hundred, abovt ithe titles to which there is no difficulty,
besides a larger number in a state of investigation) per-
sons wishing to purchase may be suited in almost any
kind of a tract they may want. Many of tt-ose tracts I.
am required to sell for whatever they Wsill bring, andl
shall consequently offer very great bargains.
My experience iri this business has enabled me to as-
certain, with great certainty, the nature of the titles
which I offer for sale; and, apart from othr-r cuns!ders,.
tions, my success depends so entirely on the confidence
which my never selling a bad title wili alone procure for
me, that tha; consideration is a sufficient guarantee for
my best exertions to avoid ever selling sueot a title. Out
of nearly one hundred tracts which I have sold, no in-
stance has occurred where a purchiast:r has complained
of being deceived in any manner relative to his pur-
chase.
I can also furnish tracts on a lease of from ;our to six
years, for one or two hundr, d tenants, for no other rent
than the clearing of as much land as they may wish to
cultivate above five acres Applications for leasesmust
be made soon, as they will not be granted after the ex.
piration of six or eight months. betters post paid, di.
erected to me, at Frankfort, w:ll meet prompt attention,
june 23--d2m&w2m ROBERT T PlPL'TTr.
0: For i .tbomation of the advertiser reference may
be had to Linnaus Smith, or R. B Maury, Esq of Waslf.
ington.

NOTICE TO BRIDGE BUILDERS.
PROPOSALS will be received until the first day of
December next, for building a T'oll Bri!ge ac-oss
Roanoke River, at the town of Halifax, North Carohlna.
Any communications on the subject, addressed to the
subscriber, will be attended to.
ODIM. B. FREEMAy,
iuly 14-wtlOct Secrctr'y,


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