|
HISTORIC NOTE
The publications in this collection do
not reflect current scientific knowledge
or recommendations. These texts
represent the historic publishing
record of the Institute for Food and
Agricultural Sciences and should be
used only to trace the historic work of
the Institute and its staff. Current IFAS
research may be found on the
Electronic Data Information Source
(EDIS)
site maintained by the Florida
Cooperative Extension Service.
Copyright 2005, Board of Trustees, University
of Florida
Gulf Coast Station Mimeo Report 57-1 V,
Bradenton, Florida
SUMIRY OF 1956 RESEARCH ON GLADIOLUS
p DEC 17 19561
R. 0. Magie
Curvularia Rot of Corms
Curvularia disease was first noticed on gladiolus in Florida about ten years
ago. During the first few years bulbs were not attacked severely. However, in re-
cent years the disease has been second in importance to Fusarium in rotting bulbs.
It is most severe on bulbs grown from bulblets. The variety Picardy is very suscep-
tible. Bulbs are infected as a result of being planted in infested soil or from the
spread of leaf infection. Curvularia lives over in the soil in the absence of glad'-
iolus for at least four years. The disease spreads from the leaves to the bulbs
even though zineb and maneb sprays are applied weekly.
Recommendations on bulbs are 1) Treat infected bulbs after cleaning with cap-
tan or Dowicide B and again before planting with N.I.Ceresan; or captain dust (15%)
can be used at cleaning and Dowicide B before planting; 2) Plant bulblets on new
land or on vegetable land. Avoid replanting gladiolus bulbs for 4 years in land
where a crxp was severely attacked by Curvularia. Wait 8 years before planting bulb-
lets or planting stocks.
Recommendations on spraying. Begin weekly spraying before disease appears
on bulblets and spray twice each week after leaf spots show up. Use zineb and ma-
neb alternately. $dd a wetting agent and sprtr thoroughly with about 200 to 250 Ibs.
pressure. On bulblet plants use 3 nozzles per row and adjust nozzles to the height
of plants. Apply enough spray to wet the soil around the base of plants. One grow-
er reports better control by adding captan to the maneb spray.
Curvularia on leaves or flower spike is difficult to control unless sprays
are applied thoroughly and frequently. Triton B 1956 should be used at about 4 to
8 ounces per 100 gallons. Unless the plants are small, 80 to 150 gallons are needed
to adequately spray an acre. Some growers are using too much spray pressure. Usu-
ally 300 pounds pressure is enough to form a driving mist. Each grower must deter-
irine how to adjust prssure, nozzleo eand tractor speed to the size of piRfnts by ob-
-2-
serving the spray coverage behind the sprayer.
Stromatinia Soil Test
Many gladiolus fields have been temporarily abandoned because the soil is
infested with the Stromatinia root rot fungus. Before replanting such land fo- a
.'Ll crop when the disease is severe, growers would like a way to determine whf-t'VFr
:;s land needs chemical treatment to control the disease or whether it is safe t,.
l',int '"thout treatment. There is no laboratory or culture method for finding tae
Stromatjiia population of the soil but an indication of the degree of infestat:c-i
can be found by planting bulblets in a sample of the soil, The percentage of ILi t:
that survive for 6 or 8 weeks compared to growth in "clean" soil indicates the a-
mirrnt of disease. The test planting should be made during the first two weeks .i
November, using 2 flats or boxes of clean soil and 2 flats of diseased soil. Use
largee Picardy bulblets. It is advisable to remove their husks one week before plant
ing and discard any with disease spots. Plant 100 bulblets in each flat. The t-i
nust be mide a year or more before the fields are to be planted.
Soil Treatment Tests
TVpam and Crag Mylone (974) were tested at different dosages in the control
it Fusarium and Stromatinia diseases. Disease control was good at 100 to 200 Lbs.
per rcre or at 50 to 100 Ibs. in the row if the soil was moist and sealed by roll-
ing or sprinkling after application of the chemicals. Current tests are aimed at
finding the best methods of applying the chemicals. Growers who wish to replas.nt 06
~ladiolus fields are beginning to test these chemicals on a small eca3o in orc., tc
become familiar with their use. A few growers in other States are using Vapam exten
sively to treat gladiolus fields.
Flower Dips for Botrytis Control
Promising results were obtained with systemic fungicides as flower spike dip.
before shipping. No new recommendations are made at this time. Zineb at 2-100, no-
bcm plu2 zinc sulfate at field concentration, Vancide "51" at one pint per 100 ga'
and Puratized Agrieultural Spray at one pint per 100 gal. are agnin rooommended.
-2-
serving the spray coverage behind the sprayer.
Stromatinia Soil Test
Many gladiolus fields have been temporarily abandoned because the soil is
infested with the Stromatinia root rot fungus. Before replanting such land fo- a
.'Ll crop when the disease is severe, growers would like a way to determine whf-t'VFr
:;s land needs chemical treatment to control the disease or whether it is safe t,.
l',int '"thout treatment. There is no laboratory or culture method for finding tae
Stromatjiia population of the soil but an indication of the degree of infestat:c-i
can be found by planting bulblets in a sample of the soil, The percentage of ILi t:
that survive for 6 or 8 weeks compared to growth in "clean" soil indicates the a-
mirrnt of disease. The test planting should be made during the first two weeks .i
November, using 2 flats or boxes of clean soil and 2 flats of diseased soil. Use
largee Picardy bulblets. It is advisable to remove their husks one week before plant
ing and discard any with disease spots. Plant 100 bulblets in each flat. The t-i
nust be mide a year or more before the fields are to be planted.
Soil Treatment Tests
TVpam and Crag Mylone (974) were tested at different dosages in the control
it Fusarium and Stromatinia diseases. Disease control was good at 100 to 200 Lbs.
per rcre or at 50 to 100 Ibs. in the row if the soil was moist and sealed by roll-
ing or sprinkling after application of the chemicals. Current tests are aimed at
finding the best methods of applying the chemicals. Growers who wish to replas.nt 06
~ladiolus fields are beginning to test these chemicals on a small eca3o in orc., tc
become familiar with their use. A few growers in other States are using Vapam exten
sively to treat gladiolus fields.
Flower Dips for Botrytis Control
Promising results were obtained with systemic fungicides as flower spike dip.
before shipping. No new recommendations are made at this time. Zineb at 2-100, no-
bcm plu2 zinc sulfate at field concentration, Vancide "51" at one pint per 100 ga'
and Puratized Agrieultural Spray at one pint per 100 gal. are agnin rooommended.
-2-
serving the spray coverage behind the sprayer.
Stromatinia Soil Test
Many gladiolus fields have been temporarily abandoned because the soil is
infested with the Stromatinia root rot fungus. Before replanting such land fo- a
.'Ll crop when the disease is severe, growers would like a way to determine whf-t'VFr
:;s land needs chemical treatment to control the disease or whether it is safe t,.
l',int '"thout treatment. There is no laboratory or culture method for finding tae
Stromatjiia population of the soil but an indication of the degree of infestat:c-i
can be found by planting bulblets in a sample of the soil, The percentage of ILi t:
that survive for 6 or 8 weeks compared to growth in "clean" soil indicates the a-
mirrnt of disease. The test planting should be made during the first two weeks .i
November, using 2 flats or boxes of clean soil and 2 flats of diseased soil. Use
largee Picardy bulblets. It is advisable to remove their husks one week before plant
ing and discard any with disease spots. Plant 100 bulblets in each flat. The t-i
nust be mide a year or more before the fields are to be planted.
Soil Treatment Tests
TVpam and Crag Mylone (974) were tested at different dosages in the control
it Fusarium and Stromatinia diseases. Disease control was good at 100 to 200 Lbs.
per rcre or at 50 to 100 Ibs. in the row if the soil was moist and sealed by roll-
ing or sprinkling after application of the chemicals. Current tests are aimed at
finding the best methods of applying the chemicals. Growers who wish to replas.nt 06
~ladiolus fields are beginning to test these chemicals on a small eca3o in orc., tc
become familiar with their use. A few growers in other States are using Vapam exten
sively to treat gladiolus fields.
Flower Dips for Botrytis Control
Promising results were obtained with systemic fungicides as flower spike dip.
before shipping. No new recommendations are made at this time. Zineb at 2-100, no-
bcm plu2 zinc sulfate at field concentration, Vancide "51" at one pint per 100 ga'
and Puratized Agrieultural Spray at one pint per 100 gal. are agnin rooommended.
Maneb (Manzate or Dithane M-22) should never beo uied for dipping flowers as it w:'.ll
burn the buds. Maneb spray will also burn leaves and buds if the spray does not
dr off promptly or if the spray is applied to wet foliage.
Fusarium Control Tests
In past years the main purpose of treating bulbs vith fungicides was to c"c-
-rol bulb rot. Our tests show that the increase in flower production and the tbe--t-,M
quality spikes obtained as a result of bulb treatments are even more important to
growers than just controlling bulb rot, especially in the more resistant varieties.
The latent Fusarium infections in the resistant varieties often cause poor flc v'
.yids. On a majority of the gladiolus farms, losses caused by the Fusarium dj.-aso
are considerably less than they were five years ago. However, Fusarium is still +he
No. 1 problem in flower production. Some of the research results in Fusarium con-
trol are summarized below.
Fusarium located in husks and cores. Tests indicate that much of the inf -e
tion in Picardy bulbs is located in the husks and cores; also in the husks of bi':.
lets. "'hen husks or cores *fe removed from jugbo bulbse,-the.dlieasea wS- ontrcl'
toa. large extrit and more flowers and bulbs were produced. Bulb production 7;07,s
.Aver three times that of the checks when either husks or cores were removed wo
wesks before planting.
TLese results indicate the importance of adding a penetrating agent like Tri-
ten X-10 to the bulb dip in order to wet the inside of the husks quickly. T'he ir-
;,crcance of using enough wetting agent increases as the dipping period is shoc,'.i _,
Between 1/3 and 1/2 cup of Triton X-100 per 100 gallons is sufficient unless t:.e
husks are tight and heavy.
Ntes on bulb dipping. Each farm should have at least two dip tanks go
that sprouted bulbs can be treated in captain while the others are given the uozsi
treatment. All tanks should have one or more agitators. The propellor agitators
are preferred because they do not throw a spray of the chemical into the air to
bother the workers.
-4-
Dowicide B solidifies or cakes when held in common storage for a few months
Tests were made to determine whether the caked material could be used. A year-old
supply was compared with a new supply and found to be equally effective as a bulb
diV provided that more of the caked material was used to balance the water absorLel.
T.'refore, with caked Dowicide B, use 25 percent more than recommended (e.g.5 l~.
instead of 4 lb.)
Bulb Treatment Tests,
Purposes and aims.
1. To test various combinations and concentrations of captan, Dowicide B and N.T
Ceresan when bulbs are treated both prestorage and preplanting as compared t
one treatment at either time.
2. To test allyl alcohol and acetone as penetrators to carry fungicide into bulb
far enough to kill latent Fusarium infections.
3. To determine whether better Fusarium control is obtained by cleaning and trent-
ing bulbs as they are dug.
4. To determine whether injury from Ceresan M and N.I.Ceresan used prestorage can
be safely reduced by adding captain or Arasan.
5. To find a mercury fungicide which is safe to use prestorage.
C, To test new fungicides including Vapam, Crag IMylone (974), Fanogen, Ceresan Li-
quid 364, Merculine and Bayer TB 4452 in comparison with the standard fungicides.
Conclusions and recommendations.
L. Flower quality in some varieties is reduced somewhat by using the highest i...-.
mended concentrations of Dowicide B, especially at the time of cleaning the bulbs.
The higher concentrations usually resulted in the largest yields of sound bulbs
and the number of spikes also was often high but the grade was reduced. It Iz
now recommended that for the preplanting treatment in warm weather four pounw.s
of Dowicide B per 100 gallons with about 1/2 cup of Triton X-100 be used for fif-
teen minutes. Use 5 or 6 pounds in cool weather. If the bulbs were treated with
captan or Spergon before storage, use only 3 or 4 pounds of Dowicide B per 100
-5-
.(galons as a 10-minute preplanting dip.
If it is desired to use Dowicide B after cleaning the bulbs, 2 lbs.in 100
gal. + Triton X3O00 for 10 minutes is sufficient unless the bulbs are well curei
and hard. If so, 3 Ibs.cen be used safely. To get the maximum control of Fu-
sarium disease, the bulbs should be treated again before planting, using cap-'nn
or N.I.Ceresan.
The advantage of using two treatments, one at cleaning and another at pre-
planting, is that lower concentrations of both chemicals can be used, thereby
minimizing chemical injury and stunting of flowers. Various tests have indii&-
ted that all chemical treatments tend to reduce the grade of spikes if no dis -
ease is present. The goal is to get good disease control and the highest fl2:rsr
production with the lowest possible dosages of chemicals. The best method found
so far is to use two different chemicals, one at cleaning and one at planting
time.
The one-minute preplanting dip of N.I.Ceresan gives good flower production
but is too weak for good bulb production unless the bulbs were treated at clea:.-
ing time also. If a dip or dust was not used at cleaning, increase the time to
ten minutes with W.I.Ceresan at 2 lbs. per 100 gal.
2, Bulbs tolerated rather high concentrations of acetone and allyl alcohol but no
advantage could be found in using them.
3. Cleaning and treating bulbs as they are dug proved to be as good or better than
waiting two weeks to clean and treat but the bulbs were more easily injured by
Dowicide B, making it advisable to use captain or Spergon.
1. Captan and Arasan made the Ceresan fungicides safer to use as bulb dips but not
safe enough for a prestorage dip.
F. The only safe mercury fungicide for prestorage dipping was Panogen 15 (Pano-
Drench 4 is a weak formulation of Panogen).
6. DowiciLo B vas cor~tatible wwih aptan or wlth N.I.Cereaan aWdothfr msroury ter-
icals tested. Captan was the safest fungicide to use on soft, uncured or sprouted
bulbs. A prestorage treatment with captain dip or dust followed by Ceresan or
-6-
Dowicide B at planting time produced the heaviest bulbs in most tests. Flower-
ing was delayed by practically nll treatments except captan dust or dip treat-
ments and a dust mixture applied at cleaning made up of equal parts of Spergon
,ettable, captan 50", Arasan SF-X and diluent.
The following cleaning-time treatments were very effective against FusariJum
disease if followed by a preplanting dip in either N,I.Ceresan or Dowicide B:
a) Sporgon (24% active) dust used immediately after cleaning.
b) COptan (15% active) dust used immediately after cleaning.
c) Capton 501, 12 lbs.-100 gals, for 15-20 minutes.
d) Dowicide B followed by a preplanting dip in N.I.Ceresan or captain.
Panogen 15 was the only new fungicide to compare favorably with standr~"d
treatments. No recommendations on Panogen can be made this year.
Since the data W.re too extensive to summarize adequately in words, the to-
tals for the more important treatments are shown in Tables 1 to 6. Preliminary
tests on cleaning and treating bulbs immediately after digging are included in
the tables. Such treatments are not recommended at this time.
September 1956.
350 copies
Table 1 Eff.ctY o" s.ir. ? sd double tr t:e-~-: on. yields froc1n jnmbo
buiji l f .-ic;ady, Valeri; Ji; jills s.i : Yoi.>g Kiss.
110 bulcs of each variety used per treatment
cor-mzrcial-grosn
Bulb treatments
After cleaning or digging
None
None
None
Spergon (484 + Arasn SF-X +
Captan 50 + diluent (equal parts)
used as a dust
Panogen 15, 1/2 gal.-100,10
min. soak
Dowicide B 3-100, 15 min.
Captnn (75%) 8-100, 15 rin.
Captsn (12 1/2%) as a dust
Spergon (244) as a dust
Gleaned 1 day after digging and
dipper for 5 min.in Dowicide B
3-100
Washed bulbs and dipped 1 day
after digging in Dowicide B
3-100, 5 min.
Washed bulbs and dipped 1 day
after digging in N.I.Cerespn
2-100 + cnptan (75) 4-100
5 min.
Before planting
None
Dowicide B 6-100, 20 min.
N.I.Ceresan 2-100,1 min.
None
None 108
N.I.Ceresan 2-100, 1 min. 138
Dowicide B 6-100,15 min. 132
Dowicide B 6-100,15 min. 112
Doiicide B 6-100,15 min. 144
N.I.Ceresnn 2-100,1 min. 124
N.I.Ceresan 2-100,1 min. 175
Dowicide B 6-100, 15 min. 0
Flower production inre
"Pic. Val.
43 261
111 297
103 312
J.B.
265
336
395
I'. X
115
171
195
Sum
684
915**
1005*'
93 316 395 205 1009*
303
239
205
224
264
279
330
58
386
354
383
462
386
1127**
927
912
898
976*
356 159 918*
434 152 1091
6 4 68**
Total
spikes
cut
220
327
319
Weight of bulbs (lbs.)
No. of
sound
Pie. Val. J.B. M.K. Sum bulbs
3.3
18.6
5.0
16.1
23.5
23.1
12.0
19.8
12.1
3.5
17.0
17.0
34.9
78.9
66.2
349 8.1 19.5 21.6 19.8 69.0
343
325
311
290
347
20.5
19.9
28.1
16.7
16.2
20.5
21.5
23.7
23.6
23.7
19.4
21.8
21.9
25.5
19.7
21.6
25.9
22.7
23.4
22.5
82.0
89.1
88.4
89.2
82.1
313 19.4 23.6 27.0 25.5 95.5
307 14.3 21.4 17.9 28.1 81.7
0 2.9 1.0 1.5 5.4
Differences required between sums for significance at odds of 19:1
*Greater number of spikes cut early.
*Spiking delayed by treatment.
130
182
403
332
360
461
468
493
499
453
506
472
36
11.3 54
Bulb treatments
Table 2. Comparison of different treatments made before and after storage
on yields of jumbo bulbs of Picardy, Valeria, June Bells and
Spotlight grown on a commercial flower farm.
150 bulbs of each variety per treatment
Bulb treatment
Applied after cleaning
None
None
Spergon (24%) dust
Dowicide B 4-100, 5 min.
Captsn (75o) 8-100,15 min.
Captan (75%) 8-100, 15 min.
Bulbs washed at digging
and immediately dipped
in Dowicide B 4-100,5 min.
Bulbs cleaned at digging
and dipped in Dowicide
B 4-100, 5 min.
Flower production index
Before planting
None
Dowicide B 6-100,20 min.
Dowicide B 6-100 15 min.
N.I.Ceresan-2-100, 1 min.-
Dowicide B 6-100, 15 min.
N.I.Ceresan 2-100, 1 min.
N.I.Ceresan 2-100,1 min.
Pic.
93
136
144
168
170
150
Val.
279
310
289
393
467
307
J.B.
286
344
392
456
375
435
Spot. Sum
781
962**
1075**
1247
1280**
1117**
123
172
250
230
268
225
210 196 432 165 .1003"
N.I.Ceresnn 2-100, 1 min. 217 295 432 263 1207*
Total
Spikes
cut
310
401
422
513
484
438
No. sound bulbs dug
Pie.
28
63
78
79
71
71
Val.
94
123
113
138
147
123
J.B.
78
95
112
127
95
114
Spot.
23
39
52
60
63
64
Weight
of bulbs
Sum
223
320
355
404
376
372
(Ibs.)
40
63
66
76
75
71
461 102 157 110 41 410 73
518 131 152 117 56 456 83
Difference required between sums for significance at odds of 19:1
*Early spiking
**Late spiking
150
64 14
I
Table 3. Effects of sigle os- double trentneits oa yields frc'l ?l. 3ld
coimmercial-giown stock of jumbo Picardy bulbs
125 bulbs used per treatment
Bulb tr
After cleaning bulbs
Spergon (24%) dust
Spergon (24%) dust
Dust of Spergon 148%), Arasan
SF-X, captain (50f) and pyro-
phyllite in equal parts
Captan (12 1/2%) dust
Captan (12 1/2%) dust
Dowicide B 4-100, 5 min.
Dowicide B 4-100, 5 min.
Captsn (755) 8-100, 20 min.
Captan (75'1) 8-100, 20 min.
N.I.Ceresan 2-100 + captain (75%)
8-100, 1 min.
Pano-Drench 4 (.6u" active)
1 gal.-100, 15 min.
None
None
eatment
Before planting
None
N.I.Ceresan 2-100, 1 min.
None
None
N.I.Ceresan 2-100, 1 min.
None
N.I.Ceresan 2-100, 1 min.
None
Dowicide B 6-100, 15 min.
Dowicide B 6-100, 15 min.
None
Dowicide B 6-100, 15 min.
None
No. spikes
cut before
Feb. 3
59
60
Total
spikes
cut
76
69
92
90
114
86
90
78
73
No.of Weight Weight
sound bulbs bulblets
FPT_' bulbs (lbs.) (oz.)
178 98 20 8
182 106 26 10
303
254
270
231
239
244
219
100 339
255
219
134
102
94
141
100
138
79
124
116
92
189
64
20 14
19
23
8
Difference required between sums for significance at odds of 19:1
*The flower production index is obtained by giving a grade C flow
additional point.
18 60 35
er a score of 2 and each increase in grade an
U
Table 4 Effects of single and double treatments on yields from jumbo Picardy
grown on a commercial flower farm
15
After cleaning
Dowicide B 3-100
Dowicide B 3-100
Dowicide B 4-100
Dowicide B 4-100
Captnn 75, 8-100
Captnn 75, 8-100
Cnptan 75, 8-100
Captan 75, 8-100
Panogen 15, 1 pt.
Panogen 15, 1 pt.
None
None
None
None
None
Least significant
225 bulbs
minutes bulb treatments
Prepla nt ing
None
N.I.Ceresan 2-100
None
N.I.Ceresna 2-100
None
N.I.Ceresnn 2-100
None
Dowicide B 6-100
100 None
-100 Dowicide B 6-100
None
N.I.Ceresnn 2-100
Dowicide B 6-100
Captnn 75, 8-100
Phnogen 15, 1 qt.-100
difference. 5
per treatment
No. spikes
cut before
2/20
37
26
19
11
37
8
25
17
23
11
26
5
12
1Flower production index is obtained by giving C grade spikes a value of 2 anl each increase in grade is
point. The FPI per spike is brsed on totpl spikes cut. A score of 3 means an average grnde of B, 4 is
a special grade e-? ge .....
FPI*
1166
1134
1055
1178
1207
1157
1031
1020
1136
1137
675
992
1296
955
966
!>6 5A
II U
Total
spikes
cut
281
302
262
359
249
291
243
262
260
280
179
297
308
247
219
FPI*
per
spike
4.2
3.8
4.0
3.3
4.9
4.0
4.5
3.9
4.3
4.2
3.8
3.3
4.2
3.8
4.4
No.of
bulbs
dug
281
307
290
255
244
302
220
247
252
291
174
299
243
252
168
Weight
bulbs
(Ibs.)
57.6
54.0
58.2
52.7
59.7
60.0
46.1
50.4
53.6
55.4
38.2
60.2
51.7
53.4
37.4
10
given nn nddditional
grande A and 5 means
Table 3. ..i -ct: of single rn: di-.:. bc-intments on commercial jumbo bulbi
of Picardy, Valeris, June Blls aen Morning Ki~es
110 bulbs of each variety used for each treatment
Bulb treatment
AoDlied after cleaning bulbs Befo:
None
None
None
Captan (75%) 8-100, 15 min.
Capton (75%) 8-100, 15 min.
Dowicide B 4-100, 15 min,
Flower production iniex?
re leaning
None
N.I.Ceresan 2-100, 1 min.
Dowicide B 6-100, 1i min.
None
Dowicide B 4-100,15 min.
Capton (75%) 8-103, 15 min.
Plc. Val. J.B.
62
132
116
133
151
146
96
114
155
154
193
196
89
279
421
305
459
411
M.K.
74
99
81
126
147
145
Sum
321
624*
773
718
950
898
Number of
Pic. Val.
43 58
139 42
169 140
63 76
106 109
132 122
sound bulbs
J.B. M.K. S
31 60
75 93
132 121
111 80
107 119
126 94
Weight Weight
bulbs bulblets
Sum
L92
539
562
330
141
174
(lbs.)
32
49
84
53
70
73
(Ounces
19
26
77
35
57
66
Difference required between sums for significance at odds of 19-1
*Flower production index is obtained by giving Grnde C flowers a score of 2 and each increase in grade
**Spiking delayed by treatment.
an additional point.
Table 6. Valeria, June Bells and Morning Kiss bulbs, size No. 3 and 4,
inoculated heavily with Fusarium after cleaning end treated 3 days later;
50 bulbs of each variety per treatment
Treatment s
Csptan 75 (Orthocide) 8-100
Dowicide B 2-100
Dowicide B 4-100
Phnogen 15, 2 qt.-100
Merculine 2 qt.-100
Allyl alcohol 2 qt.-100
Check, no treatment
Flower production index
Val. J.B.
45 63
49 65
71 78
58 47
9 10
20 64
88 36
M.K.
59
73
47
69
12
35
35
Sum
167
187
196
174
31
119
88
No. of
spikes
cut
60
68
76
61
14
53
42
No. sound bulbs
VeI..
44
43
42
45
U
44
42
J.B.
41
50
57
56
19
37
32
M.K.
23
39
49
42
12
38
11
Sum
108
132
148
143
42
119
85
40 16
Wt. of
bulbs
(Ibs.)
13.6
21.5
21.2
21.1
6.2
15.3
9.6
Pi.p1.TB
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