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Agronomy Research Report AY-86-08

Corn Grain Yield Response to Furadan,and Counter Pesticides in Levy County,
Florida in 1983.

Library

FB 2 8 199C
By
-'.-.:::,I cf Fr!.

Raymond N. Gallaher, Professor of Agronomy, Agronomy Department, Institute of

Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida

32611.

Introduction

A discourse on the need for corn breeders to be aware that they may be
selecting hybrids for specific pesticides in their breeding programs was

given earlier (Gallaher 1983). Data by Gallaher (1983) tended to support

the idea that if hybrids are developed using a specific pesticide

(Insecticide and/or nematocide) the hybrid may not perform the same if grown
using another pesticide. This hypothesis was only tested at one location in

1982 IGallaher, 1983) and would need extensive testing over a wide range of

soil environments for verification.

The objective of this research was to evaluate corn hybrids for yield
potential in the same environment except for use of either Furadan or Counter

as the insecticide/nematocide treatments.

Materials and Methods

Six corn hybrids (Table 1), one from six different companies were

evaluated for yield as affected by'pesticide treatment. In a separate test

12 corn hybrids (Table 2) were evaluated using the same pesticide treatments.

In each experiment hybrids were whole plots replicated four times in a

randomized complete block design with chemical treatments (two and one pound

active ingredient furadan/acre, two pound active ingredient counter/acre, and

a untreated control) as splits. Individual split plots were 10 feet wide

(four rows wide) and 30 feet in length. The study was conducted under

no-tillage in-row subsoil management on the Robinson farm Williston, Florida

in 1983.

Previous history of the site for the six hybrid test was continuous

monocrop corn. The site for the 12 hybrid test had been in continuous double"

crop no-tillage corn followed by soybeans for four years.

An application of one pint paraquat plus X77 surfactant was made about

10 days prior to planting. Experiments were seeded with a two-row in-row

subsoil no-tillage planter on March 24 directly into the residue of the

previous years crops. Post broadcast over the top treatments were made with

two pounds active ingredient atrazine plus one quart crop oil/acre when corn

was about six inches tall. Over the top broadcast application of two pints

of 24-D was made when corn was about 12 inches tall. Preplant broadcast

application of fertilizer included 200 pounds ammonium nitrate and 200 pounds

KWG/acre. The six hybrid test was sidedressed with 150 pounds of N as
ammonium nitrate when corn was 10 inches tall and both studies were post

directed with 100 pounds N as liquid (22%) plus 1/2 pint paraquat when corn

was about 30 inches tall for the six hybrid test and about 20 inches tall for

the 12 hybrid test.

Furadan and Counter applications were made by hand in both studies. The

six hybrid test was managed for high yields and seeded for a population of

32,000 plants/acre. The 12 hybrid test was managed for moderate yields to

allow more possible stress on the dorn and was seeded for a population of

26,000 plants/acre. Both studies were irrigated by traveling gun as needed

based on physiological water use. Ear harvest was made in July and dry

matter and shelling percent determined. Grain yield is reported at 15.5 %.

Results

Six hybrid test
---------------
The six~

hybrid test in Alachua county (Gallaher, 1983) could not be repeated at the

same site in 1983 due to the land area not being available. Therefore the

same study was conducted under high yield irrigation management in Levy

county and is reported here. This represents a drastic difference in soil

environments as well as management.

Highest yields were obtained with Gold Kist 748 hybrid (Table 1) and

lowest yields were from Funks G4507A in this test. A significant interaction

occurred between hybrids and pesticide treatments. Gold Kist 748 was the

only hybrid that had higher yield from two pounds active ingredient Furadan

compared to two pounds active ingredient Counter. Four of the six hybrids

showed a significant response to use of pesticides over the control. The

other two hybrids were on the border line of being significantly higher in

yield for use of pesticides compared to the control at the 0.05 level of

probability.

All of the hybrids in this study were developed in breeding programs

using Furadan except Asgrow RX777 where Counter was the pesticide used. This

study does not show as great an affinity in favor of Furadan over Counter

when considering the pesticide used' in the hybrids development as data from

1982 (Gallaher, 1983). The general trend favoring the pesticide used in

development held true except for DeKalb XL71. As in 1982 (Gallaher, 1983)

the Asgrow RX777 trend was in favor of counter over Furadan but statistically

Furadan at the two pound active ingredient rate was just as good as Counter

at the same rate. If these studies could be conducted under much better

conditions to lower the variability difference would likely be more apparent.

Twelve hybrid test
------------------

This study was allowed to be under more stress in regard to use of N

fertilizer. The author thought that restricting N might bring out more

- difference in hybrid response to pesticides. In this study six hybrids from

Asgrow (Table 2) were developed using Counter. The other six hybrids were

developed using Furadan. Besides having this study in a different

environment for testing there was an equal balance between hybrids developed

using the two pesticides Furadan and Counter.

Pioneer Brand 3320 had the highest yield and Asgrow H802148 the lowest

in control plots without the use of pesticides. A range in yield existed

among the hybrids in control plots from 153 to 90 bu/a illustrating the yield

potential difference among the 12 hybrids of 63 bu/a when not using

pesticides. Highest yields with the use of Counter at the 2 pound active

ingredient rate was 156 bu/a with Asgrow RX777. The lowest yield with this

hybrid was 109 bu/a with Asgrow H802148. This was a difference of 45 bu/a.

The yield range using one pound active ingredient Furadan was 167 bu/a with

Gold Kist 748 to 106 bu/a using Asgrow RX610. This was a difference of 42

bu/a. Within the two pound active ingredient Furadan treatment a range

existed from 180 bu/a for DeKalb XL71 to 121 bu/a for Asgrow H802148 giving a

difference of 59 bu/a.

From close observation of the data it can be seen that at the two pound

active ingredient rates Counter and Furadan are equally effective in grain

yield for all the Asgrow hybrids. It can also be observed that Counter at

the two pound active ingredient rate and Furadan at the one pound active

ingredient rate is equal for all the Asgrow hybrids. Only two hybrids gave

higher yields to the two pound active ingredient Furadan over the two pound

active ingredient Counter, Pioneer Brand 3389 and DeKalb XL71.

Seven of the 12 hybrids gave higher yields from the use of two pounds

active ingredient Furadan over the control while only two hybrids responded

to the one pound active ingredient rate of Furadan over the control. Only

two hybrids had higher yield for the two pound active ingredient Counter over

the control and in both cases they were Asgrow hybrids.

The variability was rather high in this study and greater differences

would likely have occurred if more replications and better experimental

controls could be imposed. These data continue support of the hypothesis

that corn breeders may be selecting for pesticides in their breeding program.

Summary

Two experiments were conducted on the Robinson farm Williston, Florida

in 1983 to test corn hybrid response to pesticides under no-tillage

management. Under high yield or moderate yield conditions hybrids were

different in yield illustrating genetic diversity as expected. The ranking

under these two conditions were not necessarily in the same order

illustrating environmental and/or genetic-environmental interaction. Rates

and types of pesticides altered the environment and caused differential

responses in corn yield among the hybrids. In general, at the same two pound

active ingredient per acre rates, Furadan and Counter gave highest yields

with Furadan being favored in those hybrids that were developed using Furadan

and Counter being just as good as Furadan in those hybrids that were

developed using Counter. In the two studies Furadan at the two pound active

ingredient rate/a gave higher grain yields over the control 11 out of 18

hybrid treatments. The one pound active ingredient rate/a of Furadan gave

higher grain yields over the control only one time out of 18 hybrid-

treatments. The two pound active ingredient rate/a of Counter gave higher

grain yields over the control four times out of 18 hybrid treatments.

Acknowledgements

Grateful acknowledgements are extended to Mr. Raymond Robinson and Mr.

Andy Robinson for the use of their land, equipment, irrigation, and other

resources to carry out these studies. Also without the excellent technical

field assistance and supervision by Mr. Sonny R. Tompkins and assistance by

Mr. Tommy Taylor the research would not have been possible.

Reference

Gallaher, Raymond N. 1983. No-tillage corn and sunflower yield response from

Furadan and Counter pesticides in Alachua County, Florida in 1982. Agronomy

Research Report AY-83-05, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences,

University of Florida, Gainesville 32611.

Table 1. Corn yield as influenced by hybrid and pesticide
at Williston, Florida in 1983 by R.N. Gallaher, Agronomy
Department, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611.

Pesticide

Furadan Furedan Counter Control Average
Hybrid 2# ai/A 1# ai/A 2# ai/A
---------------------------------bufA---------------------
------------------ bu/A -----------
Gold Kist 748 255 a 222 a 191 b 212 a 220
------ ------
---------------
Asgrow RX777 212 b 195 ab 233 a 175 b 204

Pioneer B. 3320 194 bc 194 ab 187 b 173 b NS 187
Coker 19 199 bc 196 ab 187 b 170 b 188
--------m-------------eme

DeKalb XL71 189 bc 193 ab 200 b 161 b 186
m------------------------

Funks G4507A 176 c 164 b 166 b 156 b NS 166

Average 204 194 194 175

B = Brand. # = pound. ai = active ingredient. NS to the
right of four values among pesticides within a hybrid means
no significant difference at the 0.05 level of probability
according to Duncans new multiple range test. Values
within pesticides in columns not followed by the same
letter and values within hybrids in rows not having a
common underling are significantly different at the 0.05
level of probability according to Duncans new multiple
range test. LSD (.05) in columns = 32. LSD (.05) in rows =
24. CV in columns =10%. CV in rows = 9%.

Table 2. Corn yield as influenced by hybrid and pesticide
at Williston, Florida in 1983 by R.N. Gallaher, Agronomy
Department, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611.

Pesticide

--------------------------ww-------
Furadan Furadan Counter Control
2# ai/A 1# ailA 2# ailA

A average

Pioneer B. 3320
Pioneer B. 3389

DeKalb XL71

Funks G4507A

Coker 19

Asgrow RX864
Asgrow RX777

Asgrow RX114
Asgrow RX909

Asgrow RX610
Gold Kist 748

------------------ bu/A -------------------

139 b 157 ab 131 ab
157 ab 139 abc 127 ab

153 a
124 ab

180 a 136 abc 120 ab 121 ab
149 ab 141 abc 138 ab 117 ab

148 ab 136 abc 135 ab 117 ab
------------------------
--------------e---------

--m---------------------
.------------------------
129 b 114 c 127 ab 116 ab
136 b 141 abc 156 a 114 ab
------------------------

130 b 125 bc 123 ab
145 ab 111 c 132 ab

*---------------

122 b 106 c 115 ab
142 ab 167 a 131 ab

101 b
99 ab

NS 145
137

139

136

134

NS 122
137

NS 120
122

Asgrow H802148

A average

121 b 127 abc 109 b 90 b
m-----------------------

142

133

129

112

------------------------------------me---------------------
B = Brand. # = pound. ai = active ingredient. NS to the
right of four values among pesticides within a hybrid means
no significant difference at the 0.05 level of probability
according to Duncans new multiple range test. Values
within pesticides in columns not followed by the same
letter and values within hybrids in rows not having a
common underling are significantly different at the 0.05
level of probability according to Duncans new multiple
range test. LSD (.05) in columns = 36. LSD (.05) in rows =
27. CV in columns = 19%. CV in rows = 15%.

Hybrid

94 b NS 109
93 b 133

112