Front Cover
Front Cover
Title Page
Page i
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Table of Contents
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List of annexes
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Page ix
Unnumbered ( 11 )
List of Tables
Page xi
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Preface
Page xiii
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Summary
Page 1
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Page 3
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Acknowledgement
Page 5
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Introduction
Page 7
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Section I: Recent trends in agricultural research: A review of the literature
Page 11
Introduction
Page 11
Changes in agricultural research objectives
Page 12
Changes in agricultural research methodology
Page 13
The trend towards on-farm adaptive research
Page 14
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Improving communication between farmers and researchers
Page 16
The trends towards holistic interdisciplinary research
Page 17
Increased attention to national research networks
Page 18
The duration of research projects
Page 19
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Section II: Factors affecting past aid investment in agricultural research
Page 21
Introduction
Page 21
The focus on extension and university support in the 1950's
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Congressionally imposed limitations on agricultural research
Page 23
Changes in aid staffing patterns and agricultural research
Page 24
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Impact of the new directions mandate on agricultural research
Page 26
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Notes
Page 29
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Section III: Recent aid agricultural research support
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Introduction
Page 31
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Bureau- and mission-funded agricultural research
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Aid support of international agricultural research centers
Page 34
Recent trends in centrally funded agricultural research
Page 35
Collaborative research support programs
Page 35
Strengthening grants to U.S. universities
Page 36
Notes
Page 37
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Section IV: Review of aid's agricultural research projects
Page 39
Methodology and limitations of the analysis
Page 39
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Evaluation coverage of implementation issues
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Findings: Mission- and regionally-funded projects
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Introduction
Page 47
Research related issues
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Focus on small farmers
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On-farm experimentation and small farmer participation
Page 50
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Multi-disciplinary research
Page 54
Research design and implementation
Page 54
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Scope and timing problems
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Aid support for agricultural research
Page 58
Institutional limitations on use of research findings
Page 58
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Project implementation issues
Page 60
Host government support of agricultural research
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Counterpart storages
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Inadequate counterpart compensation
Page 66
Participant training issues
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Expatriate technical assistance
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Procurement
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Centrally funded agricultural research projects
Page 73
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Establishing linkages with host institutions
Page 75
Host country researcher participation
Page 75
Long term expatriate staff performance
Page 76
Project scope and funding inadequacies
Page 76
Technical aspects of the research
Page 76
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Aid support of centrally funded projects
Page 78
Dissemination of research findings
Page 78
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Section V: Summary and conclusions
Page 81
Introduction
Page 81
Summary of findings: Mission- and regionally funded projects
Page 82
Focus on small farmers
Page 82
On-farm testing and farmer participation
Page 82
Multi-disciplinary research
Page vi
Research design and implementation
Page 83
Aid supervision of agricultural research
Page 83
Scope and timing problems
Page 83
Host government support
Page 84
Counterpart shortages
Page 84
Participant training programs
Page 84
Long- and short-term expatriate
Page 85
Procurment problems
Page 85
Centrally funded projects: Summary of findings
Page 85
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Postscript: What lessons can be learned from routine evaluations?
Page 87
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Annexes
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Annex 1, Tables 1: AID capital & technical assistance projects in agricultural research, education and extension 1962-1972
Page 93
Annex 1, Tables 2: AID program levels-agriculture and rural development
Page 94
Annex 1, Tables 3: Chronological listing of centrally funded agricultural research projects
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Annex 2: Agency for international development - Agricultural research appropriations, 1978-1981
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Annex 3: AID grants to international agricultural research centers and programs
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Annex 4: The international agricultural research centers
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Annex 5: Collaborative research support programs (CRSPs)
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Annex 6, Table 1: AID grants to U.S. universities under 211 (d)
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Annex 6, Table 2: Title XII strengthening grants, 1981
Page 127
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Annex 7: Projects not included in the sample
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Annex 8: Identification of the sample
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Annex 9: Projects not included in the sample
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Annex 10, Table 1: Revised questionnaire used in the analysis of mission and regionally funded agricultural research projects
Page 143
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Annex 10, Table 2: Revised questionnaire used in the analysis of centrally funded agricultural research projects
Page 146
Annex 11: Characteristics of aid project evaluations
Page 147
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Annex 11, Table 1: Characteristics of mission- and regionally funded project evaluation documents
Page 149
Annex 11, Table 2: Characteristics of centrally funded project evaluation documents
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Annex 11, Table 3: Evaluation data - Mission and regionally funded projects
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Annex 11, Table 4: Evaluation data - Centrally funded projects
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Annex 12, Table 1: Directing research at small farmers
Page 171
Annex 12, Table 2: Constraints and the effect of new technology
Page 172
Annex 12, Table 3: Design and implementation of the research
Page 173
Annex 12, Table 4: Project scope and time frame
Page 174
Annex 12, Table 5: Performance of AID mission in supervision of agricultural research projects
Page 175
Annex 12, Table 6: Extension and the research/Extension linkage
Page 176
Annex 12, Table 7: Host government support to projects
Page 177
Annex 12, Table 8: Manifestations of inadequate government support of agricultural research projects
Page 178
Annex 12, Table 9: Reasons for inadequate government support of agricultural research projects
Page 179
Annex 12, Table 10: Counterpart shortages
Page 180
Annex 12, Table 11: Performance of the participant training programs of the projects in the sample
Page 181
Annex 12, Table 12: Expatriate technical assistance performance
Page 182
Annex 12, Table 13: Problems with procurement
Page 183
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Annex 13: Scope of work
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Annex 14: Thumbnail sketches of projects in the sample
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Bibliography of project evaluations
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Bibliography of non-project related materials
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A.I.D. evaluation publications
Page A 1
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Page A 3
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