West-Florida Experiment Station *-*
Jay, Florida

West Florida Station Mimeo Report WFS 66-1 February 4, 1966

Herbicidal Control of Weeds in Corn, Cottol,
Peanuts and Soybeans t96 /M&.

R. L. Smith
Associate Agronomist

The data presented in this report are results of tests using various
herbicides for the control of grass and weeds in cotton, corn, peanuts andsoy-
beans, The acreage in West Florida planted to cotton is very small and that
planted to corn is decreasing year by year. However, a considerable acreage is
still planted to corn. Peanut acreage has been held more or less constant by
crop control, Soybean acreage has increased rapidly in the western three
counties in recent years and is ttjlligoig -up,

Exploratory tests were made for weed control in peaches, plums, scuppernongs
and blueberries. Plans are being made to include a more extensive type of test
for the coming year. Preliminary experiments were initiated for the control of
nutgrass. This work will be continued and expanded in 1966.

All herbicides or chemicals used in these tests were applied on a broadcast
basis and rates expressed in parentheses represent pounds of active chemical
used per acre, Types of applications were preemergence, incorporated and post-
emergence. In addition, a "cracking time" application of various chemicals was
applied to peanuts at emergence. A farm type four-row sprayer, driven by a
power take-off from a tractor, was used to apply these chemicals. A rotary hoe
driven with a tractor power take-off was used to mix the incorporated treatments
with the soil at a depth of two to three inches. Four-row plots with four
replications were used in the experiment with cotton, corn and peanuts. In the
soybean experiment, three replications were planted both in rows and broadcast
with a grain drill, All treatments were cultipacked after planting and pre-
emergence sprays were applied by not later than the following day. The soil
used for these tests was infested with uniform stands of crabgrass, watergrass,
Egyptian grass, goosegrass, Florida pursely, cocklebur, coffeeweed, redweed and
morning glory. Sandspur, pigweed, beggerweed and Texas sandspur were present
but not in uniform stands.

Corn: Three hundred pounds of 8-24-24 and 200 pounds of ammonium nitrate
were broadcast and disked in prior to planting Coker's 67 corn on Ruston fine
sandy loam soil. The corn was spaced 16 inches in the drill in 38 inch rows,
After planting, the area was cultipacked. All herbicidal treatments were applied
as preemergence sprays the following day. Four 4-row plots of 19 treatments
and a check were included. Rates in pounds of actual material applied and
treatments are as expressed in Table 1.

Treatments giving good to excellent control of grasses and weeds were
Atrazine (3), Atrazine + Lorox (1% + 1) (1 + 1) and CP31393 (4). Severe dry
weather occurred and Simazine and other treatments which give good results in
normal years were not as effective as expected. Three pounds of Lorox was tdxic
to corn. Tordon did not control coffeeweed and cocklebur as well as in 1964,












It was observed that Florida pursely, when present in thick stands,
seriously affected the growth and appearance of corn during dry weather. The
growth was limited and the color would indicate that no nitrogen had been applied,
although a total of 90 pounds of N was disked in prior to planting.

Cotton: Carolina Queen cotton was planted on Ruston-fine sandy loam soil
April 20 in 38 inch rows. Three hundred pounds of 8-24-24 and 200 pounds of
ammonium nitrate were applied broadcast and disked in prior to planting.
Incorporated treatments were applied prior to planting and mixed two to three
inches deep with a powerwdriven rotary hoe. After planting, the area was culti-
packed. The preemergence treatments were applied as shown in Table 2.

Best results were obtained by the combination where 1/2 pound of Treflan
was incorporated before planting and one pound of Karmex was applied preemergence.
This combination gave full season control and was superior to treatments using
either chemical separately. It is assumed the Karmex controlled the broadleafed
weeds not controlled by Treflan. Treflan (3/4) + Caparol (1k) applied in the
same manner also gave excellent control. Treflan (1/2) (1) and CP31393 (3)
(4) gave very good control with exception of some broadleaf weeds. A post-
emergence application of Dycryl DSMA failed to control grass and weeds which had
become hardened during dry weather.

Peanuts: Dixie Runner peanuts were planted on Ruston fine sandy loam in
38 inch rows on May 24, Planting was preceded by 1/2 inch of rain which was
sufficient for germination. Otherwise, the weather was real dry and continued
to be so. Four treatments were incorporated prior to planting and 23 were
applied preemergence following planting and cultipacking, Four replications of
4-row plots were used. The stand was good even with the scarcity of moisture.
The data are as shown in Table 3.

There was a general lack of control among all treatments for Florida pursely
(Richardis scabra). Treatments which have been very efficient in the control of
this weed failed in this test. Treatments giving best control of weeds and
grasses were Treflan (1/2 and (1), Dintro (6) and (9) and Vernam (2) and (3) and
Diphenamid (6). Diphenamid plus dinitro (3 + 3) and Daxtron + dinitro (1/4 +
4-1/2) gave good to excellent control nf staRnAs but failed to control broadleaf
weeds,

Stand damage u~a -bspv-J wh~erx vVa-rnam (3) was used.

Pean~~ eaZ!cking Time": This test included 11 treatments anda-check.
All treatments were sprayed on the peanuts as they were cracking the surface,
with some having emerged. As usual, considerable burning was observed but
the plants recovered in a short time.

The:;treatments and data are expressed in Table 4. Dinitro was used at a
rate of 6 pounds in one treatment and the remaining treatments were combinations
of other herbicides with dinitro. None of the treatments gave satisfactory
control of weeds and grasses. At the time of application, the weather was hot
and very dry and these conditions continued for some time. It is possible that
this interfered with the action of the herbicides. In most years, a number of
these treatments have given excellent control.











Soybeans: Florida WH57-1 soybeans were planted on Ruston fine sandy loam
soil June 22. A broadcast application of 300 pounds of 6-24-24 had been disked
in prior to planting. Incorporated treatments were thoroughly mixed with the
soil with a power driven rotary hoe before planting. All preemergence treatments
were applied following planting and cultipacking. Three replications of each
treatment were applied to beans planted in rows and three to beans planted with
a grain drill.

The herbicides, rates and data are as shown in Tables 5 and 6. Treatments
giving good to excellent results without injury to stand and plants were Amiiben
(4), Amiben + D263 (3 + 1), Lorox (2) and (3), Treflan (1/2), Weed Beads (20),
Dacthal (8), CP31393 (3) and (4), dinitro (6) and combinations of dinitro with
butyrics (1/2), Alanap (3), Zytron (3) and (6), Diphenamid (3), CIPC (3), Daxtron
(1/2) and Dacamine (1/2).

Treatments causing toxicity or damage to stand were Lorox (4), Treflan (1),
Weed Beads (30) and Vernam (3). Toxicity was observed from dinitro + Daxtron
(3 + 1/2) in places where water accumulated. The plants recovered afterwards.

Weed control in beans planted broadcast was as good or better than that
in beans in rows.

Nutgrass: Casoron (15) and (20) and Eptam (3) and (6) were applied as an
emulsifiable concentrate in water to soil heavily infested with nutgrass.
Casoron was applied in a single treatment. Three (3) and two (6) applications
of Eptam were made at three week intervals. Both materials were incorporated
with a heavy rotovator at a depth of approximately 6 inches. An estimated 90
to 95% of the tubers were killed by each treatment. The soil was turned to a
depth of 10 to 12 inches and observations will be made when growth starts in
the spring. Nutgrass was also sprayed with various 2,4-D formulations with
and without surfacants and diesel fuel. Top kill was better with surfacants.
Further observations will be made after the soil is turned and growth starts in
the spring.

Fruit Crops: Treflan (1/2 and (1) and Simazine (2-1/2) were applied
preemergence to weeds in peaches, plums, scuppernongs and blueberries. With
the exception of some broadleafed weeds, Treflan gave excellent control. Weed
control by Simazine was not effective due to lack of moisture to activate the
material. Paraquat (1/2) and (1) applied to weeds and grass 18 to 24 inches in
height, killed most growth back to the surface, and the control persisted from
6 to 8 weeks after application. A better and almost perfect kill was obtained
by mowing ahead of the spray applications. Surfacant X77 was used with the
Paraquat at the rate of one pint per 100 gallons of spray.













Herbicidal Control of Grass and Weeds in Corn 1965
West Florida Experiment Station
Jay, Florida



May 3 May 18 June 4 July 1
Herbicide Lbs./A, T of A G G BLW G'. M. .LBL
Simazine 3 Pre E 10 5 10 4 7 4 7 4
Atrazine 3 Pre E 9 8 9 8 9 7 9 7
Atrazine + Lorox 1-1/2 + 1-1/2 Pre E 10 8 10 7 8 7 8 6
Atrazine + Lorox 1 + 1 Pre E 10 6 10 6 8 6 8 5
Lorox 2 Pre E 8 7 8 6 7 5 7 3
Lorox 3 Pre E 9 7 9 6 8 6 7 3
Eptam + 2,4-D 2 +1 Pre E 9 6 9 5 8 4 8 3
Fenac 1 Pre E 9 6 9 6 9 6 9 4
CP31393 4 Pre E 10 8 10 7 10 7 10 7
CIPC + Dinitro 3 +3 Pre E 10 6 10 5 9 5 9 4
CIPC + Fenac 3.". + 0-1/2 Pre E 10 6 10 5 10 5. 10 4
Amiben + Fenac 2-... + 0-1/2 Pre E 10 7 10 6 10 5 9 3
Cotoran 2 Pre E 9 7 9 6 8 5 8 3
Dacthal + Tordon 6-.; + 0-1/8 Pre E 10 6 10 5 9 4 8 3
Dinitro + 2,4-D Amine 4-1/2 + 1 Pre E 10 7 10 7 10 4 10 3
Dinitro + Dacamine 4-1/2 + 1 Pre E 10 8 10 8 10 6 10 4
Tordon 0-1/8 Pre E 7 5 7 4 6 4 5 3
Tordon 0-1/4 Pre E 7 6 7 4 5 6 4 6
Tordon + Daxtron 0-1/8 + 0-1/4 Pre E 10 6 10 5 9 4 9 4
T of A = Time of Application
G = Grass
BLW = Broadleaf Weeds
Pre E = Preemergence
Corn Cokers 67 variety, planted April 20 Stand good
All chemicals applied as preemergence spray on April 21
Herbicides Expressed in pounds of actual material on broadcast basis
Plots Four 4-row plots of each treatment
Weather Limited supply of moisture at planting followed by a severe
dry spell for a period of six weeks








-2-


Herbicidal Control of Grass and Weeds in Cotton 1965
West Florida Experiment Station
Jay, Florida


Time of May 3 May 18 June 4 July 1
Herbicide Lbs./A. Application G BLW G BLW G BLW G BLW
Karmex 1 Pre E 7 6 7 4 5 4 2 2
Treflan 1/2 Inc 10 8 10 9 10 6 10 5
Karmex) 1/2 Inc
Treflan) 1/2 Inc 10 9 10 9 10 7 10 6
KarmexJ 1 Inc.
Treflan 1/2 Inc 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Karmex j 1 Pre E
Treflan 1 Inc 10 8 10 9 10 7 10 6
Treflan 1/2 Inc 10 8 10 8 10 5 10 3
Treflan! 3/4 Inc 10 9 10 9 10 8 10 8
Caparol 1-1/2 Pre E
Caparol 2 Pre E 8 7 8 6 6 5 6 2
CIPC 6 Pre E 10 5 10 4 7 5 6 2
CIPC 3 Pre E 9 6 9 6 8 5 7 3
Dinitro) 3 Pre E
CIP3 3 Pre E 10 5 10 4 7 4 7 2
Diphenamid) 3 Pre E
Dacthal 6 Pre E 10 5 10 4 8 3 6 3
Dacthal 9 Pre E 10 6 10 5 7 4 7 3
Herban 1-1/2 Pre E 10 5 10 4 7 4 6 2
Cotoran 2 Pre-E 9 6 7 4 6 4 6 2
Cotoran 4 Pre E 9 8 9 7 7 5 6 3
CP31393 3 Pre E 10 8 10 8 9 6 9 6
CP31393 4 Pre E 10 10 10 9 10 7 10 6
Dicryl-DSMA 1 + 3 Po E 4 2 4 2 3 2
G = Grass
BLW = Broadleaf Weeds
Pre E = Preemergence
Po E = Postemergence
Inc Incorporated
Cotton Carolina Queen, planted April 20 Stand poor to fair
HerbiciAeo Expressed in pounds of actual material per acre on broadcast
basis.
Plots Four 4 row plots of each treatment
Incorporated chemicals applied April 14 Incorporated 2 to 3 inches deep
with power driven rotary hoe.
Preemergence chemicals applied April 21
Postemergence chemicals applied May 14









-3-



Herbicidal Control of Grass and Weeds in Peanuts 1965
West Florida Experiment Station
Jay, Florida


June 7


June 17 July 1 July 2


Herbicide Lbs./A. T of A G BLW G BLW G BLW BL
Dinitro 6 Pre E 8 8 8 7 8 7 8 5
Dinitro 9 Pre E 9 8 9 8 8 7 8 6
B-377 4 Pre E 7 6 7 5 6 5 6 4
Fallodin 4 + 3 Pre E 7 5 7 5 6 4 5 4
Dinitro + Diphenamid 4 + 3 Pre E 10 7 10 5 9 4 9 4
Dinitro + Diphenamid 3 + 3 Pre E 10 6 10 4 9 4 9 3
Dinitro + Alanap 4 + 3 Pre E 8 7 8 6 7 5 6 3
Dinitro + 2,4-D- 44 + 1 Pre E 8 8 7 6 7 4 7 3
Dinitro + Butoxine Amine 4% + 1 Pre E 7 8 7 6 7 5 7 3
Dinitro + Amiben 4Q + 2 Pre E 8 7 8 5 7 4 7 3
Dinitro + Daxtron 4 + Ok Pre E 9 7 9 5 9 4 9 3
Dinitro + Tupersan 4 -- 3 Pre E 8 6 8 6 7 5 7 3
Treflan 0 Inc. 10 9 10 9 10 9 10 9
Treflan 1 Inc. 10 10 10 9 10 9 10
Vernam 2 Inc. 8 8 8 7 8 5 8 5
Vernam 3 Inc. 9 8 8 7 8 7 8 7
Eptam + 2,4-D 2 1 Pre E 8 6 7 6 7 5 6 4
Weed Beads 20 Pre E 9 8 8 6 7 6 7 4
Falone 3 Pre E 7 7 7 6 6 5 5 4
Sesone 3 Pre E 7 4 6 4 6 3 6
Amchem 65-90 3 Pre E 7 5 6 4 6 3 6 C
UC22463A 4 Pre E 7 6 7 5 5 5 4 L
GS14260 2 Pre E 7 7 7 5 6 5 5 1
Patoran 2 Pre E 7 5 7 4 5 4 4 1
Diphenamid 6 Pre E 9 6 9 5 8 5 8
Karmex + Tupersan 0 + 3 Pre E 7 6 6 6 5 4 3
Karmex 2 PreE_ 8 7 7 6 6 5 5
T of A = Time of Application
G = Grass, BLW = Broadleaf Weeds, Pre E = Preemergence, Inc. = Incorporated
Peanuts Dixie Runner planted May 24 Stand good
Herbicides Rates expressed in pounds of actual material on a broadcast basis
Incorporated materials applied May 21. All preemergence treatments
applied May 26.
Plots Four 4 row plots of each treatment
Weather Just enough moisture for germination and extremely dry weather for next
30 days


I
W

























5
3
5
i



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-4-


Herbicidal Control of Grass and Weeds in Peanuts Sprayed
at Emergence or "Cracking Time" 1965
West Florida Experiment Station
Jay, Florida


June 17 July 1 July 17 Aug. 3
Herbicide Lbs./A. G BLW G BLW G BLW G BLW
Dinitro + Zytron 3 +- 6 8 6 8 6 8 5 7 5
Dinitro + Diphenamid 3 + 3 8 5 7 5 7 4 7 4
Dinitro + Sesone 1 + 2 7 5 6 5 6 4 6 3
Dinitro + Falone 1V + 1 7 6 7 6 7 5 6 4
Dinitro + MCPB 1 +- 1 6 6 6 5 5 4 5 4
Dinitro + Butyrac 1; + 1 7 5 6 5 4 3 4 3
Dinitro + TH052H 1 + 4 8 4 7 4 7 3 6 3
Dinitro + Patoran 1- + 2 7 5 7 4 6 4 5 4
Dinitro + Tenoran 1 + 3 6 5 5 4 4 4 4 3
Dinitro + Tupersan 1 + 3 7 6 6 4 4 3 3 3
Dinitro 6 8 7 7 6 7 5 6 4

G = Grass, BLW = Broadleaf Weeds
Peanuts Dixie Runner, Planted May 24 Stand good
Herbicides Rates expressed in pounds of actual material per acre on
broadcast basis. All treatments applied at "cracking time",
June 4, 1965.
Plots Four 4 row plots of each treatment
Weather Just enough moisture for germination followed severe dry
weather for several weeks. Very dry at time of application.










Herbicidal Control of Grass and Weeds in Soybeans Sown With Grain Drill 1965
West Florida Experiment Station
Jay, Florida


Herbicide Lbs./A. T of A
Amiben. 2 Pre E
Amiben 4 Pre E
Amiben + D263 3 + 1 Pre E
D263 4 Pre E
Amchem 65-81 3 Pre E
Lorox 2 Pre E
Lorox 3 Pre E
Lorox 4 Pre E
Karmex 1 Pre E
Karmex 2 Pre E
Vernam 2 Inc
Vernam 3 Inc.
Treflan 0 Inc
Treflan 1 Inc
TH052H 4 Inc
TH052R'.: 8 Pre E
Weed Beads 20 Pre
Weed Beads 30 Pre E
Dinitro 6 Pre E
Dinitro + Butyrac 3 + 0k Pre E
Dinitro Butoxine Amine 3 + 0O Pre E
Dinitro Butoxine Ester 3 + 0 Pre E
Dinitro + Alanap 3 + 3 Pre E
Dinitro + Zytron 3 + 3 Pre E
Dinitro + Zytron 3 + 6 Pre E
Dinitro + Diphenamid 3 + 2 Pre E
Dinitro + Diphenamid 3 + 3 Pre E
Diphenamid 6 Pre E
Dinitro + CIPC 3 + 3 Pre E
CIPC 6 Pre E
Tenoran 4 Pre E
Dinitro + Daxtron 3 + 0 Pre E
Dinitro + Dacamine 3 + OQ Pre E
Dacthal Dacamine 6 + 0 Pre E
Dacthal 8 Pre E
Herban 1 Pre E
CP31393 3 Pre E
CP31393 4 Pre E
T of A = Time of Application, G = Grass, BLI
Pre E = Preemergence, Inc = Incorporated
Beans Florida WH57-1, Planted inea'. 22 wil
Herbicides Expressed in pounds of actual
Incorporated material applied
Preemergence material applied
Plots Three plots of each treatment


July 5
G BLW
9 8
10 9
10 8
9 6
8 7
9 8
10 9
10 10
7 5
9 8
7 6
8 7
8 8
9 8
6 6
8 8
10 9
10 10
10 8
9 8
9 9
9 8
10 8
9 8
10 8
10 7
10 8
10 7
9 8
8 7
7 6
10 10
9 8
9 7
10 8
8 5
9 7
10 8


I


July 15
G BLW
8 7
10 9
10 7
9 4
8 6
9 8
10 9
10 10
7 4
8 7
6 6
8 6
8 6
9 7
6 4
7 6
10 9
10 9
10 8
9 7
9 9
9 8
10 8
9 7
10 8
10 7
10 8
10 6
9 8
7 5
7 4
10 10
9 8
9 7
10 8
8 3
9 6
10 8


July 25
G BLW
8 7
10 7
10 7
8 4
8 3
9 7
9 8
9 9
6 4
8 7
6 6
7 5
8 6
9 6
6 3
7 5
10 8
10 8
10 7
9 7
9 7
9 6
9 7
9 6
10 6
10 4
10 5
10 6
9 8
7 5
7 4
10 8
8 6
9 5
10 6
7 3
9 6
10 7


= Broadleaf Weeds


th grain drill
material on broadcast basis
June 21
June 24


Weather Moisture supply at planting fair to good with plenty of rain during
growing season.


Aug. 13
G BLW
8 6
10 7
10 5
8 4
8 3
9 6
9 8
9 9
6 4
8 7
6 4
7 5
8 6
9 6
6 3
7 5
10 8
10 8
10 5
9 7
9 6
9 6
9 6
9 6
10 6
10 4
10 4
9 6
9 6
7 4
6 4
10 8
8 5
9 4
10 4
7 3
9 4
10 7










Herbicidal Control of Grass and Weeds in Soybeans Planted in Rows 1965
West Florida Experiment Station
Jay, Florida


Herbicide
Amiben
Amiben
Amiben + D263
D263
Amchem 5n181
Lorox
Lorox
Lorox
Karmex
Karmex
Vernam
Vernam
Treflan
Treflan
TH052H
THO521:1-
Weed Beads
Weed Beads
Dinitro
Dinitro + Butyrac
Dinitro + Butoxine Amine
Dinitro + Butoxine Ester
Dinitro + Alanap
Dinitro + Zytron
Dinitro + Zytron
Dinitro + Diphenamid
Dinitro + Diphenamid
Diphenamid
Dinitro + CIPC
CIPC
Tenoran
Dinitro +-Daxtron
Dinitro + Dacamine
Dacthal + Dacamine
Dacthal
Herban
CP31393
CP31393


Lbs.
2
4
3 +
4
3
2
3
4
1
2
2
3
0
1
4
8
20
30
6
3 4
3 4
3 4
3 4
3 4
3 4
3 4
3 4
6
3 4
6
4
3
3 +
6 +
8
1
3
4


/A. T of A
Pre E
Pre E
1 Pre E
Pre E
Pre E
Pre E
Pre E
Pre E
Pre E
Pre E
Inc
Inc
Inc
Inc
Inc
Pre E
Pre E
Pre E
Pre E
-Oh Pre E
O Pre E
0 O1 Pre E
3 Pre E
3 Pre E
6 Pre E
2 Pre E
3 Pre E
Pre E
S3 Pre E
Pre E
Pre E
- 0 Pre E
- 0 Pre E
- Oh Pre E
Pre E
Pre E
Pre E
Pre E


T of A = Time of Application, G = Grass,
Pre E = Preemergence, Inc = Incorporated
Beans Florida WH57-1, Planted June' 22
Herbicide Expressed in pounds of actual
Incorporated material applie
Preemergence material applie
Plots Three 4 row plots of each treatmi


I
1
1
ds
d
en


BL


= Broadleaf Weeds


in rows


material
June 21
June 24
It


on broadcast bases


Weather Moisture supply at planting fair to good with plenty of rain
during growing season.


July 5
G BLW
9 8
10 9
10 8
8 6
8 7
9 8
10 9
10 10
8 7
10 9
7 6
9 7
9 8
10 8
5 6
7 7
10 8
10 10
10 9
10 9
9 9
10 8
9 9
9 8
10 9
10 7
10 8
10 7
8 8
7 6
7 6
10 9
9 8
9 7
9 8
9 5
10 8
10 9


July 15
G BLW
7 6
10 9
9 7
8 4
7 5
9 8
10 9
10 10
7 7
10 9
6 6
9 6
9 7
10 8
4 4
7 6
10 8
10 9
10 9
10 9
9 8
10 8
9 9
9 7
9 8
10 6
10 7
10 6
8 7
6 6
6 4
10 9
9 6
9 6
9 8
9 4
10 7
10 8


July 25
G BLW
7 7
10 7
9 7
6 4
7 3
8 8
8 7
10 10
7 6
10 8
6 5
8 5
9 7
10 6
4 4
7 5
9 8
10 6
10 6
9 7
9 7
9 6
9 5
9 6
9 7
10 4
10 5
9 5
8 6
6 5
5 4
10 7
8 5
9 5
9 6
7 4
10 6
10 6


Aug. 1S
G BLW
6 6
10 7
9 4
6 3
6 3
8 7
8 7
10 9
7 6
9 7
6 3
7 3
9 5
10 5
4 3
7 3
9 6
10 6
10 5
9 5
9 4
8 5
9 4
9 6
9 5
10 4
10 4
9 4
8 4
6 3
5 4
10 7
7 5
9 3
9 3
7 3
10 3
10 4


W