West Florida Experiment Station
Jay, Florida

WFES Mimeo Report WFS 64-1 January, 1964

Herbicidal Control of Weeds in Corn, Peanuts,
Soybeans and Grain Sorghum, 1963

R. L. Smith
Associate Agronomist


This report deals with a continuation of previous year's work in herbli:.idal
control of weeds and grasses in corn, peanuts, soybeans and grain sorghum.
Practically all of the work is with chemicals used as preemergeuce sprays or
with chemicals incorporated prior to planting. One exception to this is
"cracking time" applications of herbicides to peanuts as they are about to
emerge or are partially emerged. New herbicides are added each year. Use of
chemicals which are toxic or have failed to control weeds has been discontinued.

Rates of chemicals expressed in the text or in parentheses following the
names of chemicals represents pounds of actual chemical per acre on a broadcast
basis. Four replicates of each treatment were included with corn and grain
sorghum. Due to lack of space, only three replicates of each treatment were
applied to peanuts. For soybeans, three replicates were applied to beans
planted in rows and three to beans which were planted broadcast with a grain
drill. Where incorporation was required, a tractor powered rotivator was used
to thoroughly mix the material with the soil. The crop was planted and
cultipacked as soon as possible after incorporation. Preemergence sprays were
applied the following day.

Corn: Three hundred pounds of 6-24-24 was disked in prior to planting
Cokers 67 corn on Carnegie fine sandy loam April 9th. All preemergence
chemicals were applied April 10th. Moisture was plentiful and a good stand was
obtained. A severe drouth lasting several weeks caused a lack of moisture
after the corn was about knee high.

Check plots showed uniform germination of crabgrass, watergrass, barnyard-
grass, Florida purely and redweed.(Melochia corcorofoliar), Irregular stands
of cocklebur, coffeeweed, night shade, rough morning glory (Thyella tamnifoliar)
and pigweed were present.

Nine pounds of dinitro from Sinox P.E. (Table 1) gave excellent and
persistent control of weeds and grass. An equal amount of dinitro from Sinox
G was not as effective as that from Sinox P.E. Results from 4 pounds of
dinitro + 1 pound of 2,4-D amine were good but not quite as effective as 9 pounds
of dinitro. R 1910 at the rate of 4 pounds gave excellent control of grasses
and good control of weeds. Two pounds of R 1910 was not quite as good as 4
pounds. Herbicidal action of 4 pounds of Lorox was very good and slightly
better than 2 pounds of Lorox + 1 pound of Karmex. Two pounds of Lorox + 2
pounds of Enid was no better than 2 pounds of Lorox alone. Atrazine (3) gave
better control than Simazine (3), but neither Atrazine nor Simazine were as
effective as in previous years.

Peanuts: Dixie Runner peanuts were planted May 9 on Red Bay fine sandy
loam soil which had been fertilized with 500 pounds of 0-14-14. Trifluralin,












R 1607 and Tillam were incorporated at rates indicated in Table 2 prior to
planting. Other chemicals shown in the table were applied as preemergence
treatments. Although a good stand was obtained, several weeks of dry weather
followed and some herbicides may not have performed as expected.

This soil was infested with crabgrass, watergrass, barnyardgrass, Florida
pursely and redweed. Stands of cocklebur, rough morning glory, night shade,
coffeeweed, pigweed and beggerweed were irregular.

The following chemicals gave good to excellent control: liquid dinitro (9),
Falone 44E (3), Trifluralin (2), Tillam (3), Eptam + 2,4-D (2 + 1), Amiben (3),
dinitro -+ Amiben (4% + 2), dinitro + 2,4-D amine (4% -+) '(44 +1), dinitro +
Enid (4% + 2), Enid + Falone 44E (2 + 1) and Sesone (3).

Ametryne (3), Prometryne (3) and R 16-7 (3) were effective herbicides but
were rather toxic. Toxic effects were observed from use of Falone 44E (3) and
CIPC (6); however, peanuts recovered and made normal growth.

Peanuts "Cracking Time": Dinitro in combinations with a number of
chemicals, as shown in Table 3, was applied to peanuts at emergence or "cracking
time". Parts of the plants could be seen but emergence was not complete.
Burning of foliage was observed on young plants bu recovery was rapid and growth
was normal.

Initial results of all treatments, excepting combinations with Swep, were
very good. However, this control did not last all season as it had in previous
years. Combinations of dinitro + Sesone, dinitro + Fenac and dinitro + MCPB
were the most persistent.

Soybeans: Florida 1H 57-1 soybeans were planted on Carnegie fine sandy
loam soil July 2nd. Three hundred pounds of 6-24-24 were disked in prior to
planting. Three replications of each treatment were planted in rows and three
were planted broadcast with a grain drill. A poor stand was obtained where
beans were planted in rows. The stand was good where the grain drill was used
for planting. Lack of rain caused the soil to become very dry as the season
progressed.

The area had a uniform infestation of crabgrass, watergrass, barnyardgrass,
Florida pursely, redweed and rough morning glory. Other weeds occurring
irregularly were cocklebur, coffeeweed, night shade and sandbur. Data are
presented in Tables 4 and 5.

The following treatments caused damage to stands and were toxic to plants:
R 1607 (3) (4), Trifluralin (2), Prometryne (3), Ametryne (3), Weed Beads (3)
and FW 925 (4). Slight toxicity from which plants recovered were observed
following the use of: Lorox (4), dinitro + Butyrac 117 (3 + k), dinitro +
Butoxine amine (3 +4), dinitro + Butoxine ester (3 + k) and dinitro + MCPB
(3 + 4).

Herbicides and combinations of herbicides giving effective control of
grasses and weeds and causing no appreciable damage to beans were: Lorox (3)
(4), Karmex (1) (2), Tillam (3) (4), Trifluralin (1), Prometryne (14), Ametryne
(14), Eptam + 2,4-D (2 + 1), Dacthal (8), Weed Beads (20), dinitro + Butyrac 117
(3 + ) (3 + 1), dinitro + Butoxine amine (3 -+- 4), dinitro + Butoxine ester
(3 + 4), dinitro + MCPB (3 + 4), dinitro :- Alanap (3 + 3), dinitro + Swep (3 + 2)











(3 + 3), dinitro + Enid (3 :- 2) (3 + 3), dinitro (6) and Sinox G (6).

In general, weed control was better where beans were planted with the grain
d .ll.

Grain Sorghum: The Lindsey 77 grain sorghum was planted in 38 inch rows on
May llth. Three hundred pounds of 6-24-24 was disked in prior to planting. The
supply of moisture was good and an excellent stand was obtained. Three treatments,
Simazine (2k), Propazine (24) and dinitro (44) were applied when the sorghum
was in the spike or needle stage. In this instance, the plants were one inch
or less in height. All other chemicals were applied preemergence.

Stands of crabgrass, watergrass and Florida pursely were uniform. Cockle-
bur, sandspur and pigweed occurred irregularly.

Several herbicides caused damage to stand of sorghum. These and the percent
damage to stand were: Amiben (3) 60-80%, Casoron (8) 207., Sinox G (6) 10%,
dinitro + Butyrac 117 (3 -- +) 5-10%, Rendox T (6) 10%, Atrazine (2k) 5%,
dinitro (4k) (spike stage) 5% and dinitro preemergence (4A) 5%.

Treatments using Simazine (2%), Propazine (2k) and dinitro (4k) in sp .ke
stage and preemergence t eatments using Simazine (24), Atrazine (1k) + Simazine
(1k), Atrazine (2%), Propazine (1k) and Propazine (2k) gave excellent and
persistent control of weeds and grasses present (Table 6). Propazine (1k) was
almost as good as Propazine (24).

Summary: Treatments giving good to excellent control of grasses and weeds
in corn were: Sinox P.E. (9), Lorox (4), Lorox + Karmex (2 + 1), dinitro +
2,4-D (4% + 1), R 1910 (4), Amiben + Lorox (2 + 1) and Atrazine (3). Sinox G
was less efficient than Sinox P.E.

The more efficient herbicides for peanut weed control were: liquid dinitro
(9), Falone 44E (3), Trifluralin (2), Tillam (3), Eptam + 2,4-D (2 + 1), Amiben
(3), dinitro + Amiben (40 + 2), dinitro + 2,4-D amine (4 + k) (4 4- 1), dinitro
+ Enid (44+2), Enid + Falone 44E (2 + 1) and Sesone (3).

Initial control of herbicides used at "cracking time" was good but not as
persistent as in previous years. Combinations of dinitro + Sesone (1% + 2),
dinitro + Fenac (14 + 4) and dinitro + MCPB (1% + 1) were the most persistent.

Lorox (3) (4), Karmex (1) (2), Tillam (3) (4), Trifluralin (1), Prometryne
(14), Ametryne (1), Eptam + 2,4-D (2 -:- 1), Dacthal (8), Weed Beads (20), dinitro
+ Butyrac 117 (3 +) (3 + 1), dinitro + Butoxine amine (3 + ), dinitro +
Butoxine ester (3 -+ ), dinitro + MCPB (3 + 4), dinitro + Alanap (3 + 3), dinitro
+ Enid (3 + 2) (3 3), dinitro (6) and Sinox G (6) gave good to excellent weed
control without causing appreciable injury to beans. In general, the
herbicides were more effective in broadcast plantings.

Excellent and lasting weed control was obtained with Simazine (2k),
ropazine (24) and dinitro (44) when applied to grain sorghum at spike stage.
reemergencee treatments using Simazine (24), Atrazine + Simazine (1 + 1i) and
Propazine (24) were equally effective. Propazine (14) was slightly inferior to
Propazine (24).












Herbicidal Control of Grass and Weeds in Corn 1963
West Florida Experiment Station
Jay, Florida


Herbicide
R 1910 (Inc.)
R 1910 (Inc.)
M 2025
Dymid + Falone
Randox
Eptam + 2,4-D
Dacthal + Falone
Lorox
Lorox
Lorox + Karmex
Falone
Falone
Karmex
Amiben
Amiben
Amiben + Lorox
Amiben + Fenac
Amiben + Atrazine
Fenac
Dinitro + 2,4-D
Sinox PE
Sinox G
Simazine
Atrazine
Simazine + Atrazine
Enid + Lorox
Enid + Falone
Randox T


Lbs./A.
2
4
6
4 +1
6
2 +1
6 + 1
2
4
2 + 1
1
2
2
2
3
2 + 1
2 + 0h
2 +1
1
4% + 1
9
9
3
3
1 + 1l
2 +2
2 +1
7


April 22
G BLW
9 7
10 8
7 3
9 3
9 3
8 3
8 4
9 7
10 9
10 8
6 4
8 5
8 5
8 3
10 3
10 7
9 4
8 6
8 4
10 10
10 10
9 8
9 5
10 7
8 6
8 6
9 4
10 5


May 6
G BLW
9 8
10 9
7 4
8 3
10 5
8 5
7 5
9 9
10 10
9 10
6 4
7 4
8 9
7 5
8 4
9 9
8 4
8 9
7 6
9 10
10 10
8 8
8 7
9 9
9 9
9 9
8 5
8 6


May 17
G BLW
9 6
10 8
4 2
7 1
9 3
7 3
7 2
8 7
9 10
9 9
3 2
3 3
8 8
3 1
7 3
8 8
6 2
7 8
5 3
8 9
10 10
6 6
8 6
8 9
8 9
8 7
7 3
8 2


May 29
G BLW
9 5
10 8
0 0
0 0
8 0
6 4
5 1
7 7
9 9
9 9
1 0
2 2
6 8
2 0
5 0
8 7
4 0
6 7
4 3
8 9
9 9
4 6
7 5
6 8
7 9
7 7
3 2
7 0


G = Grass
BLW = Broadleaf Weeds
Variety: Cokers 67, planted April 9, sprayed April 10, 1963
Hebicides: Expressed in pounds of actual material
Those marked "Inc." were incorporated on April 9
Plots: Four 4-row plots of each treatment
Soil Type: Carnegie fine sandy loam
Weather: At time of planting, the moisture supply was excellent.
Dry weather occurred later in season.









-2-


Herbicidal Control of Grass and Weeds in Peanuts 1963
West Florida Experiment Station
Jay, Florida


May 17 May 29 June 7 June 18
Herbicide Lbs./A. G BLW G BLW G BLW G BLW
Premerge 6 9 9 8 8 6 5 3 3
Premerge 9 10 10 10 9 8 8 6 7
sinox PE 9 10 10 10 9 10 8 8 7
Sinox G 9 9 8 8 7 6 7 5 5
Falone 1I 9 6 9 5 7 5 3 3
Falone 3 10 10 10 10 10 9 9 7
Prometryne 1% 9 8 9 6 7 5 6 4
Prometryne 3 10 9 9 7 8 6 7 5
Ametryne 1% 9 7 9 5 7 5 3 3
Ametryne 3 10 9 10 8 10 7 8 6
Trifluralin 1 10 8 10 7 10 6 10 6
Trifluralin 2 10 9 10 9 10 7 10 6
R 1607 3 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 8
Tillam 3 10 10 10 7 10 7 10 6
Eptam + 2,4-D 2 +1 10 9 10 8 8 6 8 5
Casoron 6 10 9 9 9 5 6 3 4
CIPC + Dinitro 4 +44 10 8 10 7 8 6 5 4
CIPC G 6 9 7 7 5 6 5 3 3
CIPC + Alanap G 2 +3 8 8 7 6 4 4 2 2
Karmex 2 9 9 9 7 6 4 3 3
Weed Beads 20 9 8 6 6 5 3 3 3
Amiben 3 10 8 10 8 8 6 7 4
Amiben + Dinitro 2 +43 10 9 10 9 8 7 8 6
Diphenamid 6 10 8 10 6 10 5 10 5
Premerge + 2,4-D 4%0k 10 10 10 10 9 7 6 7
Dinitro + 2,4-D 4+1 10 10 10 9 8 6 6 5
Dinitro + Alanap 4+3 10 9 9 8 6 6 5 5
Swep 4 8 8 7 5 5 4 2 2
Swep 6 9 8 9 5 6 4 3 2
Dacthal 8 10 6 10 4 10 4 8 4
Enid + Dinitro 2- +44 10 9 10 8 9 7 9 5
Enid + Falone 2-+1 10 8 10 8 9 6 9 5
Sesone 3 10 9 10 9 8 6 7 6
Dinitro + Butoxine 4+0 9 9 9 8 7 5 6 3
G = Grass
BLW = Broadleaf Weeds
Variety: Dixie Runner, planted May 9
Herbicides: Expressed in pounds actual material
Incorporated materials applied May 9
Preemergence materials applied May 10
Soil Type: Red EBy fine sandy loam
Weather: First part of season dry













Herbicidal Control of Grass and Weeds in Peanuts
Sprayed at Emergence or "Cracking Time" 1963
West Florida Experiment Station
Jay, Florida


Herbicide


Dinitro
Dinitro
Dinitro
Dinitro
Dinotro
Dinitro
Dinitro
Dinitro
Dinitro
Dinitro
Dinitro
Dinitro
Dinitro
Dinitro


May 29
LbsI/A, G BLW


Amiben
Sesone
Falone
Fenac
Tillam
Alanap

MCPB
Butoxine
Butyrac
Swep
Swep
Lorox
Karmex


G = Grass
BLW Broadleaf Weeds
Variety: Dixie Runner, planted May 9
Herbicides: Expressed in pounds actual
May 16
Soil Type: Red Bay fine sandy loam
Weather: First part of season dry


material, applied


June 7
G BLW


June 18
G BLW








-4-


Preemergence Control of Weeds and Grass in Soybeans with Herbicides 1963
Beans in Rows
West Florida Experiment Station
Jay, 1'lorida


July 12 July 22 July 31 Aug 15
Herbicide Lbs./A. G BLW G BLW G BLW G BLW
Amiben 2 9 4 6 5 6 4 5 3
Amiben 4 10 6 10 6 9 5 8 4
Lorox 2 9 7 9 8 8 8 7 7
Lorox 3 10 8 10 10 9 9 9 8
Lorox 4 10 9 10 10 10 10 10 10
Kaimex 1 8 6 7 8 5 8 5 6
Karmex 2 10 8 10 10 9 9 9 8
E-jpam + 2,4-D 2 + 1 10 8 10 9 7 7 7 6
Tillam 3 9 7 10 8 7 6 6 6
Tillam 4 10 8 10 9 9 8 8 7
R 1607 3 10 7 10 9 9 8 9 7
R 1607 4 10 9 10 9 10 8 9 8
Trifluralin 1 10 8 10 8 10 7 9 6
Trifluralin 2 10 8 10 9 10 8 9 7
Prometryne 14 10 9 9 10 6 7 6 6
Prometryne 3 10 10 10 10 9 9 9 8
Ametryne 14 10 9 10 9 8 9 8 7
Ametryne 3 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 8
Dacthal 6 10 6 9 7 9 6 8 5
Dacthal 8 10 6 10 8 9 7 8 6
Weed Beads 20 10 8 10 8 9 8 8 8
Weed Beads 30 10 9 10 9 9 8 9 7
M 2025 6 10 6 9 6 7 4 6 4
Dinitro + Butyrac 3 + 0 10 10 9 9 9 9 8 8
Dinitro + Butyrac 3 + 1 10 9 9 10 8 9 7 7
Dinitro + Butoxine Amine 3 +,04 10 9 10 9 8 9 8 7
Dinitro + Butoxine Ester 3 + 0% 10 10 10 10 8 9 7 7
Dinitro + 4CPB 3 + 0 10 10 10 10 9 9 8 6
Dinitro + Alanap 3 + 3 9 9 9 9 5 8 5 6
Dinitro + Swep 3 +2 10 0 9 9 8 9 7 8
Dinitro + Swep 3 + 3 10 10 10 10 9 9 9 8
Dinitro + Enid 3 +2 10 10 10 10 9 9 9 8
Dinitro + Enid 3 + 3 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 9
Dinitro 6 10 10 10 10 8 9 6 7
Sinox G 6 10 9 8 9 7 9 6 6
CIPC R 6 9 5 9 6 7 5 6 4
CIPC + Alanap 2 + 3 8 6 7 7 4 5 4 4
CIPC L 6 9 7 10 8 8 6 6 5
Dymid 4 10 4 9 5 9 3 8 3
Dymid 6 10 6 10 7 10 6 9 6'
Falone 1 9 6 9 6 5 4 4 3
Falone 2 9 7 9 8 7 7 6 5
FW 925 4 10 9 10 10 10 9 10 9
Lorox + Kermex 1 + 1 10 9 10 10 8 9 7 7
Solan 4 5 5 1 4 1 1 1 0
Randox 6 10 6 10 7 9 6 8 5
Vegadex 8 9 5 8 5 6 5 5 4
G = Grass
BLW = Broadleaf Weeds
Variety: Florida WH 57, planted in rows July 2 Stand poor
Herbicides: Expressed in pounds of actual material
Incorporated materials applied July 1
Preemergence materials applied July 2 and 3
Soil Type: Mixed phase Tifton and Carnegie fine sandy loam
Weather: Good moisture at planting but very dry latter part of season











Preemergence Control of Weeds and Grass in Soybeans with Herbicides 1963
Beans Sown with Grain Drill
West Florida Experiment Station
Jay, Florida


July 12 July 22 July 31 Aug. 15
Herbicide Lbs./A, G BLW G BLW G BLW G BLW
Amiben 2 9 7 9 8 9 7 8 6
Amiben 4 10 7 10 7 10 8 9 7
Lorox 2 9 8 9 9 9 8 9 7
Lorox 3 10 9 10 9 9 9 9 8
Lorox 4 10 9 10 10 10 9 10 8
Karmex 1 9 7 9 9 8 8 8 8
Karmex 2 10 9 9 10 9 9 8 9
Eptam + 2,4-D 2 + 1 10 9 10 9 10 9 9 8
Tillam 3 10 7 9 9 9 8 8 7
Tillam 4 10 8 10 9 10 9 10 8
R 1607 3 10 9 10 10 10 9 9 8
R 1607 4 10 9 10 10 10 9 9 9
Trifluralin 1 10 8 10 8 10 8 10 7
Trifluralin 2 10 9 10 10 10 9 9 8
Prometryne 14 10 9 8 9 8 9 8 8
Prometryne 3 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Ametryne 1i 10 9 10 10 9 10 9 9
Ametryne 3 10 10 10 10 10 9 10 8
Dacthal 6 9 7 9 8 9 7 7 6
Dacthal 8 9 7 9 8 10 9 9 8
Weed Beads 20 10 9 10 9 10 9 9 8
Weed Beads 30 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
M 2025 6 9 5 9 7 9 8 8 7
Dinitro + Butyrac 3 + 0k 9 10 9 10 9 9 9 7
Dinitro + Butyrac 3 + 1 10 10 9 10 9 9 9 8
Dinitto + Butoxine Amine 3 + 0 10 9 9 9 9 9 8 9
Dinitro + Butoxine Ester 3 + 0O 10 10 9 10 10 9 9 8
Dinitro + MCPB 3 + 0 9 10 10 10 9 10 8 8
Dinitro + Alanap 3 + 3 9 10 9 10 8 9 8 7
Dinitro + Swep 3 + 2 9 10 9 10 9 10 9 8
Dinitro + Swep 3 + 3 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 9
Dinitro + Enid 3 + 2 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 9
Dinitro + Enid 3 + 3 10 10 10 10 10 10 9 9
Dinitro 6 10 10 10 10 10 9 9 7
Sinox G 6 10 10 9 9 9 9 8 8
CIPC R 6 10 6 8 8 9 7 7
CIPC + Alanap 2 + 3 9 7 ? 8 7 7 6 5
CIPC L 6 10 7 10 8 9 8 7 7
Dymid 4 10 6 9 7 9 7 8 6
Dymid 6 10 7 10 8 10 8 9 7
Falone 1 9 6 8 8 8 8 7 6
Falone 2 9 8 9 8 9 8 8 6
FW 925 4 10 9 10 10 10 9 10 9
Lorox + Karmex 1 + 1 9 9 9 10 9 10 8 9
Solan 4 5 5 2 6 2 3 3 3
Randox 6 10 7 10 8 9 8 8 6
Vegadex 8 9 5 9 6 8 6 7 5
G Grass
BLW = Broadleaf Weeds
Variety: Florida WH 57, Planted in rows July 2 Stand poor
Herbicides: Expressed in pounds of actual material
Incorporated materials applied July 1
Preemergence materials applied July 2 and 3
Soil Type: Mixed phase Tifton and Carnegie fine sandy loam
Weather: Good moisture at planting but very dry latter part of season












Preemergence Control of Weeds and Grass in
Grain Sorghum with Herbicides 1963


West Florida Experiment
Jay, Florida


Herbicide
Simazine (Spike Stage)
Propazine (Spike Stage)
Dinitro (Spike Stage)
Simazine
Simazine + Atrazine
Atrazine
Propazine
Propazine
Amiben
Dinitro
Dinitro + Butyrac
Solan
Weed Beads
M 2025
Karmex
Casoron
Sinox G
Randox T


Lbs./A.
2k
2i1






3

3 +oa2
4
20





6
1 + 1
2
1








8
6
6
2
3
4
3 +0
4
20
6
1
8
6
6


May 27
G BLW
10 9
10 10
10 10
10 10
10 10
10 10
9 9
10 10
10 6
7 7
8 6
5 4
8 8
9 8
9 9
10 10
8 8
10 6


G = Grass
BLW = Broadleaf Weeds
Variety: Lindsay 77, planted May 17
Herbicides: All treatments applied preemergence


June 18 except treatments


1, 2 and 3 which were applied when sorghum was in spike stage.
Plots: 4 replications of each treatment
S-il Type: Norfolk fine sandy loam


Station


June 7
G BLW
10 9
10 10
10 9
10 10
10 10
10 10
9 9
10 10
10 4
7 6
8 5
4 4
8 8
9 8
8 8
10 10
7 8
10 6


June 17
G BLW
9 9
10 10
9 9
9 9
10 9
9 10
9 9
9 9
10 4
6 5
6 5
4 4
7 8
9 8
7 8
9 9
6 5
9 6


June 28
G BLW
9 9
10 10
9 8
9 9
10 9
9 9
9 9
9 9
10 4
5 4
6 4
4 3
7 7
8 6
7 7
9 9
5 4
8 5


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