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!IM A."'A TM. 4 , -i 7 4 v .1 1- 4 fv L 41i 1.4 :, ~i.,i' 1id;v -.J.j:I J The BaId*1 U Lbrarn, %Rmrjn3a ;/ A2: 6t~~c/i :Li ;-I /r. OUR PARLOUR PAN RAMA. By MRS. GEORGE CUPPLES. WITH EIGHTY-TWO ILLUSTRATIONS. anbaRnit: T. NELSON AND SONS, PATERNOSTER ROW. EDINBURGH; AND NEW YORK. 1882. HIS series of pictures, under the title of "Our Parlour Panorama," is intended to show us some pleasant views and scenes in many lands. It is to be hoped, too, that the information conveyed along with them, though necessarily brief, may prove profitable as well as entertaining. Now that you are comfort- ably seated, I would crave your attention, as the curtain is about to rise on our journey. We take for our starting-point London, the largest city in the world, as no doubt you all know. Some of you, however, may. not as yet have had the privi- lege of visiting this great city, therefore I will do my best to point out to you some of the most interesting views as we sail down the river. .. 1 i OUTWARD BOUND. WEST INDIA DOCKS, LONDON, .... .. .. 11 -DOWN THE THAMES, .. .... ... 12 -A PET BIRD, .. .. ... .... 13 -AT GRAVESEND, .. .. ... .. 14 -GIBRALTAR, ...... .. 15 -IN ALGIERS, .. .. ...... 16 - POMPEY'S PILLAR, .. . .... 17 -THE PYRAMIDS, ... ... 18 -IN THE DESERT, .. .. .. 19 -THE DYING CAMEL, .. .... 20 -CROCODILES, .. .... . 21 THE SUEZ CANAL, .. .. .... .. 22 _ADEN, ...... .. .. 23 BOMBAY, ...... .. .. .. 24 -UP THE GANGES, .. .. .... .. .. 25 A TIGER-HUNT, . .... .. 26 -AN INDIAN ELEPHANT, .... ... .. 27 -A BOAR-HUNT, ........ .. 28 -A STRANGE NURSE, .. .. .. .. 29 '-A PLEASANT SCENE, .. ... 30 _A SPLENDID BUILDING, ... ... 31 IN CANTON, .. .. ... 82 "-A TEA GARDEN, .. .... .. .. 3 A A TEA MERCHANT'S BOUSE, .. .. .. .. 34 viii CONTENTS. AN EMPEROR, .... .. 35 -A MANDARIN, .. .... 36 "A STATE DINNER, ... .. 37 "THE BAMBOO RAT, ..... .. 38 --OING TO A FEAST,.... 39 --A FAMOUS CITY, .. 40 -A CELEBRATED RIVER, ..... 41 -AN ASIATIC FOX, .... .. 42 "IN AUSTRALIA, .... .. 43 -KANGAROOS, ... .... 44 CTHE FRIENDLY ISLANDS, .... .. .. 45 TAHITI, .. .... .. 46 A FEMALE DANCER, .... .. 47 -AN ISLE OF BEAUTY, .. .. ... 48 "-RADACK ISLANDERS, .. .. .. .. 49 -A FLEET OF CANOES, .. .... .. 50 -BLACK MEN AND WHITE MEN, .. .... 51 NATIVES OF NEW CALEDONIA FISHING, .. .. .. 52 MONUMENTSS ON EASTER ISLAND, .. .. 53 AMERICAN SALOON STEAMER, .. .. .. .. 54 /NIAGARA FALLS, .. .. 55 -THE GRIZZLY BEAR, .. .... 56 A FRIEND IN NEED, .. .. .. 57 .A LOG CABIN, .. .. ... 58 -il GRAY WOLF, .. .. .. 59 -A BISON-HUNT, .. .. 60 -A USEFUL ANIMAL, .. .. .. 61 /A RIDE FOR LIFE, .. .. .. .. 62 -OUT OF DANGER, . .. 63 GAT oERING COTTON, .. .. .* .. 64 OFF BY RAIL, .. .. .. 65 IN SOUTH AMERICA, .. .. .* 66 WILD HORSES, .. .. 67 A BOAT'S CREW, .... .. 68 CONTENTS. ix "A DELIGHTFUL SAIL, .. .. .. 69 "A STRANGE HOUSE, .. .. 70 "A NATIVE, .. .... .. .. .. 71 CAPE HORN, .. .... ... 72 CAPE OF GOOD HOPE, ... .. .. 73 AMONG THE KAFFIRS, .. .. 74 IN FRANCE, .. .. .. 75 FRENCH PEASANTS, .. .. .... .. 76 "A CURIOUS SIGHT, .. .. .... .. 77 "A GRAND BUILDING, .... ... .. 78 THE ALPS, .. ... .... .. 79 MONKS OF ST. BERNARD, .. .. .. .. 80 "A SWISS MAIDEN, .. .. .... .. 81 "A BROWN BEAR, .. .. .. .... .. 82 "A VIEW OF ROME, .. .. .. .. .. 83 MOUNT VESUVIUS, .. ... .. 84 MOSCOW, .. . .... .. 85 PURSUED BY WOLVES, .. .... .. 86 KILLED BY A BEAR, .. ... .. 87 LAPLANDERS, .. .... 88 THE NORTHERN LIGHTS, .. .. .. 89 AN ACCIDENT, .. .... .... 90 FAITHFUL COMPANIONS, .. .. .. .... 91 PARTING WORDS, .. .. .. .. .. 92 a OUR PARLOUR PANORAMA. 2-- of r RO OM London we make our start round the world; but as our ship is not quite ready to carry us to foreign climes, we cannot do better than take a walk along the quays to see the ships and steamers coming into the West India Docks. 12 DOWN THE THAMES. " "OW we are fairly aboard, and sailing down the river Thames; and here we are oppo- site the well-known hospital of Green- wich. Once upon a time all the wounded men-of-war sailors used to live here; but I think they prefer to be boarded with their friends instead of living in this large house. You may think that odd, but there is no place like home, you know. In one of the rooms you can see the coat and other things that belonged to the great Admiral Horatio Nelson. The old sailor-wardens are very proud to show all the curiosities. A PET BIRD. 13 --- --- ROM our ship we see some very jolly-look- ing sailors. They are on their homeward voyage, and are bringing a gay bird of paradise. They seem to be very pleased that it has become so tame. A 14 AT GRAVESEND. -I Ti E are now about to say good-bye to the SThames, for here we are at Gravesend, the avenue to the port of London. Here are many outward-bound vessels at anchor, waiting to be examined by the Custom House officers, or for their clearance papers. What with the boats coming out with provisions, and the passenger boats to London, it is a very bus- tling scene. GIBRALTAR. 15 HIS is our next halting-place. We have left the Atlantic Ocean, and are sailing up the Mediterranean. Gibraltar consists of a great rocky mountain running from north to south, about three miles in length, and a little more than half a mile in breadth. On the top of the mountain the British soldiers have some of their barracks and forts. On the western side of the rock the town is built, as well as the great batteries and works of defence. If we had time we might explore the wonderful caverns on the north side of the rock. * . 16 IN ALGIERS. "middle one is a soldier. The other man is 11' ' : Ii "- I tI ., I 2 EEE are three natives of Algiers. The middle one is a soldier. The other man is either a juggler by profession, or is only amusing himself by playing with this string and balls. The woman is a water-carrier. See how cleverly she is pouring the water from her skin bag into the stone jar! (1) POMPEY'S PILLAR. 17 + E pause for a few minutes in Alexandria to view the famous Pompey's Pillar. It consists of three pieces of the finest granite, about ninety feet high and twenty-five in circumference. At one time Alex- andria was a celebrated city of Lower Egypt, and for a long time its capital. It was built by Alex- ander the Great. There, too, was a famous light- house, erected on the island of Pharos, which used to be one of the wonders of the world. (1) 2 18 THE PYRAMIDS. ~'~---=--;"--=----~= - HE Pyramids are a range of very old and very enormous monuments in Egypt, on the opposite side of the river from Cairo. The three largest are situated close to Ghizeh, the highest one of which is called the Pyramid of Cheops, from the prince by whom it is supposed to have been erected. You must read for yourselves all about these strange buildings, when you will find that they are not solid masses, as they were once supposed to be. It will amuse you very much to read how the openings were found out, and what was discovered there. IN THE DESERT, 19 W--~ ERE are a number of camels preparing to set off across the Desert with their masters. Some of them are standing up, as if impatient to be off, while others are lying down resting. '-<"~~--~~ 20 THE DYING CAMEL. I-I, how sad! See, one of the camels has "fallen down, and is dying. We do not see his master, but perhaps he is away in search of water, in the hope that it will restore the poor beast to life. The camel is called the "ship of the Desert." CROCODILES. 21 t -F- -- ---- -- L - -- ES, you may well shudder, and be glad you are sitting safe in this comfortable room, instead of being in the Nile, where the crocodile of Northern Africa still ranges. It is certainly a most destructive and greatly dreaded animal, but it is as valuable in the water as the hyena and vulture are upon the land. It rather prefers tainted to fresh meat, and is of great service in devouring the dead animals that would pollute the waters and the air. It is strange to think, is it not? that the crocodile comes out of an egg about as large as that of a goose. There are many eggs laid at one time, but they are very often devoured by other animals. 22 THE SUEZ CANAL. 4 E are now sailing along the Suez Canal en route for the Red Sea and Aden. SThe making of this canal gave employ- ment to ten thousand labourers; and now that it has been opened, it shortens the journey to India very much. It was such a good thing that before the Suez Canal was made there was a fresh-water canal from near Cairo to Ismailia, mid- way, and then on to Suez itself. A supply is conveyed from Ismailia to Port Said by a large iron pipe. If this. fresh-water canal had not been there the workmen could not have lived. Egypt is one of the driest countries in the world-which accounts for the wonderful preservation of its architectural monuments-and if it were not for the river Nile, it would be wholly barren. ADEN. 23 ERE we are at Aden, the best harbour on the coast of Arabia, and where our Suez steamer goes in to take on coal at the dep6t. Aden is a fortified station, situ- ated like Gibraltar on a rocky peninsula connected with the mainland by a low and narrow isthmus. It will astonish you very much when I tell you that rain falls but once in three years here, and only for a fortnight when it does come; but then it is collected and stored in very large reservoirs behind the towi. 0 24 BOMBAY. E now see Bombay; the word meaning "good bay," as it has a very good har- bour and anchoring-ground, formed by several islands. On one of these the city is built. In the streets the bright and many- coloured costumes of the Parsees make the scene quite gay. It is said that the number of Parsees in the world is under one hundred thousand, and that half of them live in Bombay. On account of its good harbour, it has become the chief emporium of the East, especially in the trade with Europe by Egypt. UP THE GANGES. 25 E have had a fine long sail from Bombay to Point de Galle, and then on to Calcutta; and now we are going to have a river journey from there to above Allahabad, so we must keep our eyes very wide open, as there will be interesting sights to see. We will land occasionally, and camp out for the night in any healthy district we come to. Yonder are boats tak- ing merchandise up the Ganges, such a celebrated river that I need not tell you anything about it, for of course you know it is the most sacred of all the Indian rivers. It is an act of religion to bathe in its waters, wherever it flows northward, as well as elsewhere, and especially where it joins the Jumna. 26 A TIGER-HUNT. .-N E have arrived in good time if you care to see a tiger-hunt. Very likely this is a "man-eater," and so the people have come out to kill it. In some parts of India the tiger is considered sacred, and is not allowed to be killed without consent of the native chief, who often preserves them as foxes are pre- ":;:,served in England. No doubt he has come out with some honoured guests to give them a few hours' amusement, and has ordered out his best trained elephants and beaters. AN INDIAN ELEPHANT. 27 HIS is an Indian elephant. How do we know that? By its head and ears; for the African one has a much shorter head, and very large, long ears. In its native state the elephant lives in herds, and as close to water as possible, as they are very fond of water. They can lay up a store of it in their interiors, somewhat like the camel, and when they want to cool their bodies they draw the water out again by means of their wonderful trunk. The elephant could not live without its trunk, as the short thick neck and the tusks prevent it from grazing. A 28 A BOAR-HUNT. -I-t OU will easily see that this is a boar-hunt. S See how the little pigs are scampering off, flying here, there, and everywhere, to escape from the spear of the hunter ! The poor mother pig has been stuck, and the great boar is so. angry that he is boldly charging at the horse, determined to do him an injury if he pos- sibly can. There are no wild pigs in this country now, though there used to be long ago. -A STRANGE NURSE. 29 ~ s - .. .. SDON'T wonder at you laughing at this very strange nurse. This is a sight often seen in India; and let me tell you the elephant is often far more careful of its little charge than many a nursemaid. I remember hearing a gentleman (an officer) telling about one he saw from his room window. It had been left in charge of a very small baby, and it allowed the baby to crawl about round and round its thick legs; but the moment it crawled away it lifted the baby up with its trunk and brought it back again to the shelter of its huge body. Every now and then it would twist its trunk round the waist of the child and swing it gently to and fro. 30 A PLEASANT SCENE. I C I I -_ - --.-_ -- -. -. - HIS man has done some deed worthy of honour, and the chief is presenting him with a beautiful robe called a khelaut. I hope every one of his companions is pleased; but it is a well-known fact that much jealousy exists at the courts of Eastern princes, which leads to much unhappiness. A SPLENDID BUILDING. 31 HIS is the wonderful Taj, which holds with- in its lovely dome of white marble the remains of the beautiful and greatly be- loved wife of the Emperor Shah Jehan. If I had time I could tell you a great deal about the beauty of its carving, its inlaid work, and the wonderful echo in the dome. When people look upon the Taj for the first time, they are greatly impressed at the sight of its wonderful beauty. 32 IN CANTON. ' E are now in Canton, China, aniii have arrived in time to see the Feast of S Lanterns. The procession is intended to show the respect the Chinese have for the spirits of their departed ancestors; and lasts for five or six days. On large tables adorned with lights and flowers, all kinds of refreshments and fruits are laid out, which are eaten at mid- night, when everybody carries a paper lantern. L A TEA GARDEN. 33 l i S- ^ -' 4, -t ./ E now pay a visit to a tea garden. The men are gathering the tea leaves from the old plants and carrying them away in baskets. Tea shrubs must be three years old before the leaves are gathered. Some of the men are watering the young plants, so that there may be a good crop in the years to come. The tea plant is a hardy evergreen, grows from three to six feet in height, and is of the same order as the camellia, the flowers of which are also used to give fragrance to tea. () 3 , 34 A TEA MERCHANT'S HOUSE. -2^ S/ /r_ Ap IHIS is the house of a tea merchant; and 'D i- very plain it looks. The houses of the ILri mandarins are very different, the sloping " 'roofs being all done over with points and pinnacles, and little bells and coloured tiles. These are found in the country-houses, but never in the town ones. At the entrance there are always two painted gods; these, according to the belief of the Chinese, keep off evil spirits, of which they are much afraid. There is a dog, too. I wonder he is not afraid he will be eaten. AN EMPEROR. 35 I HIS is a picture of a late Emperor of China, in his splendid robe of gold brocade and his necklace of pearls and other jewels. In his cap he has a peacock's feather, which is a sign of his high station. He is called the Father of the Celestial Empire, and his power is without bounds over nearly a fourth part of the human race. He looks very good-natured and "stout; but that is what all Chinamen like to be- as fat as they possibly can. That is not what we like to be in this country; for here most people do their best to keep themselves thin. 36 A MANDARIN. : -- - ^ E now ask you to look at another Chinaman. He is a mandarin, and looks almost as grand as the emperor, "though his hat is not the same. A mandarin is a magistrate, and has great power given to him. We know his rank by the knob, or button, on the top of his cap, and by the badge of embroidered silk on his breast, with some sort of animal on it. He has one of the same kind on his back also; and his necklace of large beads hangs down quite to his waist. Of course he will have a long queue hanging down his back, and trou ers like bags, and shoes with turned-up toes. A STATE DINNER. 37 L11 HIS is a state dinner; and a very fine affair it seems to be. The Chinese eat with chop-sticks; and though it is supposed "they live upon rats and mice, and all sorts of things we shudder to think of, still they have fine feasts, and eat all sorts of good things, and drink wine. It is a pity we cannot see the very small feet of the ladies. I am sure it would make you laugh to see them, though I daresay they suffer a good deal from having them cramped up when they are young. 38 THE BAMBOO RAT. -....-^- / -- Eg *: ', '' j,, JIIS creature is very injurious to the bam- S. lo:o canes, on the roots of which it feeds. You would not like to meet one of them. In size it is somewhat like a small rabbit, and its colour is brown, with a slightly paler shade on the throat and lower parts. The long incisor teeth are faced with bright enamel, and this, as you may well suppose, gives it a very curious ap- pearance. The tail is short and marked, and, I may add, very stubby-not at all like the tail of our common rat; but you see the bamboo rat is not such a lover of cream as the rat I saw the other morning in my pantry, busily engaged drawing off the cream with its tail, and then licking it. GOING TO A FEAST, 39 7* T ERE is a very great personage indeed being carried in his sedan chair by his four bearers, most likely to a great feast, almost the only amusement the Chinese of rank indulge in. He has had his three invita- tions, as is customary in China-one the evening before, another on the morning, and a third im- mediately before dinner. When he arrives at the house of his friend, he will be conducted to his place with great ceremony. The gentlemen gener- ally sit in pairs at small square tables, and are served with food used by other nations, besides other viands, served up in porcelain dishes, and eaten with porcelain spoons and with two little ebony chop-sticks. 40 A FAMOUS CITY. .--- -------- A +- E now find ourselves in the famous Nan- king, once distinguished for covering a r greater extent of ground than perhaps "any other city in the world at the time. It was once the imperial city, and the capital of Southern China; but the seat of government and the great tribunals were removed to Peking, and Nan- king lost its importance. This is the famous Por- celain Tower, two hundred feet high. Look well at it, for now it has been demolished. A CELEBRATED RIVER. 41 S-E must, before leaving China, pay a visit to the celebrated Hoang-ho, or Yellow River. Though broad and rapid, it is in many places so shallow as to be scarcely navigable. It often overflows its banks, forcing the people to raise dikes along its sides in many places. The name is taken from the colour of the clay or sand at the bottom and sides. On all Chinese rivers a very busy scene is presented, as they are crowded with barges for passengers and barques for burden, all as different from each other as they are different from anything of the kind in the rest of the world. 42 AN ASIATIC FOX. HIS fox is quite as cunning-looking as our own Master Reynard; but as it is an Asiatic fox, it is not quite the same. It is greatly admired for the beauty of its form and the brilliancy and variety of its colours. It is much smaller than the European fox, though it has the same black marks on the back of the ears and in front of the hind. and fore legs. The coat consists of long, close, rich fur, as fine as that of any of the American varieties, but much brighter in colour. No doubt it is quite as great a robber as our own common fox, and lies hidden in the bushes by the swamps to waylay some of the many ducks to be found by the Chinese rivers. IN AUSTRALIA. 43 I I S,4 E have now found our way to Australia; \ and here we see two of the natives sitting before each other having a pri- vate "palaver." They would be looked upon by us as a set of lazy fellows; for they neither farm the land nor are they shepherds, and never think of putting a seed or a plant into the ground for themselves, though they are very fond of the fruit introduced by the white men. Their prin- cipal food is the opossum, and if they are near a river they fish a little, and when very hungry even eat reptiles and insects. 44 KANGAROOS. angaroos. Do you notice that their and by this means they get along at a great speed. The mamma kangaroo has a pouch, and she puts her little young ones into it, and jumps away with them hidden quite snugly. THE FRIENDLY ISLANDS. 45 HIS is a canoe belonging to the Tonga or Friendly Islands, in the South Pacific Ocean. When you are old enough, you will be able to read all about them, and how Captain Cook thought this would be a good name for them, because the natives all seemed to live on such friendly terms with one another, and from their politeness to strangers. They live upon cocoa-nuts, yams, hogs, fowls, fish, and shell-fish. They are very fond of bathing themselves in ponds; and even though stagnant, they prefer them to the water of the sea. The natives are tall, strong, and handsome, but inclined to be rather indolent. The church is built on the highest point of the island. 46 TAHITI. S HIS island in the South Pacific is called o-~- -s-~-~-: --:- --- -T= --_ -4-- Tahiti. The canoes seem to be very dif- ferent from those of the Friendly Islands; but the people are very different. They used to be in manners quite savages; but the mis- sionaries have done them a great deal of good, and _ --- '--=- =- -- ---- they are becoming just like people in this country. All sorts of roots and plants grow here,-and fra- grant sandal-wood. A FEMALE DANCER. 47 very funny figure she has made of herself. The things like fans at her back must be intended for wings, I think, and will add much to her grace when she dances. She seems to have no shoes on her feet; but she has been careful to provide herself with a very fine head- dress. You must read all about this beautiful island when you grow bigger, and about its brave inhabitants. You will be very much amused, too, to hear about the strange wooden pillow they lay their heads on when they go to sleep. 48 AN ISLE OF BEAUTY. _-.- -_- _-:_E~ . .. _ L,---- .- ERE is a view of another island in the Pacific Ocean. It is called Raiatea. Do you notice what a number of strange- looking trees grow here ? It would be very nice to be able to get fresh cocoa-nuts off the trees, and drink the sweet milk for breakfast. And then it would be delightful to paddle about in that canoe, and look through the clear water, down to the very bottom, and watch the lovely fishes swimming about, blue and yellow, and with crimsbn spots sometimes. How we should laugh, too, at the funny coloured crabs. RADACK ISLANDERS. 49 _4 v%, :.* = .= .. Radack Islands out for a pleasure sail EIRE are some of the natives of the round about the group of islands. The sea there between the islands is very deep; but you see the chief is doing his best to guide the boat steadily, and his family are sitting very quietly under the strange-looking sail. The natives of this group of islands speak quite a dif- ferent language from the inhabitants of the other islands-of the Pacific. They are very good-natured and simple, and have made some progress in civili- zation, living on the produce of their orchards. (1) 4 50 A FLEET OF CANOES. -. .=--. .- -. UCH a gathering of canoes It must be a great battle that is 4oing to take place. All the fighting-men are ready with their bows and spears; while their chiefs are standing up in each canoe, telling them how they are to fight. No doubt the enemy is making ready too; and they will indeed require to be careful, for here is the king himself, in the largest canoe, sitting on a chair of state. He is a very big man, and has his club ready. BLACK MEN AND WHITE MEN. 51 C -Z -:- = . OU would laugh if you knew why these black savages are looking so surprised. It is at sight of the white men. They never had seen such people before. Some of their friends had, and had got pieces of cloth from them, which they are wearing now; but this company had never seen a white man. They are holding out their hands to them, and showing by signs that they are glad to see them. Coming slowly forward to meet them, it is no wonder if they are somewhat afraid, as savages are often treacherous. 52 NATIVES OF NEW CALEDONIA FISHING. 2f-- e ]EW CALEDONIA belongs to the French, and the island is as large as Ireland. It is situated between Fiji and Australia, on the margin of the Coral Sea, so called because scarcely a league of it is without some island or reef of coral. The trepang-fishery is a source of wealth. Cyclones are an annual scourge. MONUMENTS ON EASTER ISLAND. 53 S- - _ "RASTER ISLAND is an island in the Eastern part of the Pacific Ocean. The island has no safe anchorage, no wood for fuel, no fresh water, and no domestic animals except a few fowls; and the in- habitants live on yams, potatoes, and sugar-cane. Strange to say, on this island are found a number "of colossal statues, some of which are fifteen and even eighteen feet high. They stand on platforms, which have been made with a considerable degree of art. Some people suppose that these monu- ments were erected by a nation more numerous than the present inhabitants. 54 AMERICAN SALOON STEAMER. E have now arrived in America, and have embarked on board one of the large saloon steamers for a sail up one of the rivers. You will notice an American steamer is very different in construction from the steamers we are accustomed to see on our rivers or sailing from our ports; but no doubt they are found more useful and more convenient for Ameri- can passengers. It must be very pleasant to sit in the saloon looking out at the houses built by the margin of the river, as we sail along. NIAGARA FALLS. 55 -- HIS is considered one of the grandest sights in the world. The water has come down from the lakes into the river St. Law- rence. The falls are made by a sudden break in the level of the rapid river, and over the ledge all the waters thunder in a volume that never ceases, and is never less in quantity at any season of the year. The spray rises to a great height, and in the rays of the sun forms beautiful rainbows. 56 THE GRIZZLY BEAR EE what I have to show you now. You may well shrink back and look frightened, E what I have to show you now. You when I tell you this is a great grizzly bear. He looks very hungry indeed, and his mouth seems to be watering for something to eat. What sharp claws he has, too We may be very thankful he is a native of the Rocky Moun- tains in the Far West, for it would not be agree- able to meet him of a stray night on our way home from some nice picnic or Christmas party. The next time you visit a menagerie or a zoological garden, look out for him. A FRIEND IN NEED. 57 been out after a bison. It looks as if it meant to gore him; but the North American Indian is hastening to help him. See what a long, sharp knife the hunter has in his hand 58 A LOG CABIN. SDO not think there is a boy or a girl in Great Britain who has not thought to himself or to herself, Oh, how I should Q like to live in the backwoods of America ! I should have everything to do for myself, and live such a free, happy life!" If you were there, this is the kind of house you would build and live in. How do you like its appearance ? You see the very pig has a free, happy life, and roams about at its own sweet will; but its master intends to shut it up in that wooden erection he is standing near. He has heard strange sounds at night from the wolves and other wild animals. THE GRAY WOLF. 59 ---- _-- ---- = -- ---- i--^ ^s-~r^ ]:-"- ._ _ -- -::- =---- A i _ F you lived in the backwoods, this is one of the gray wolves you would most likely see, as they are very common throughout the northern regions of America. They are particularly numerous to the eastward of the Rocky Mountains, where they watch the bison herds and prey upon the sick and straggling calves. They rarely attack a full-grown animal, and hun- ters state that they often see wolves' walking through a herd of bulls without exciting the least alarm. The marksmen, knowing this, often wear a cap with two ears, to imitate the head of a wolf. 60 A BISON-HUNT. --------- _/'- ----~ -. "__-- "always do when running. The hunter has shot his arrow from his bow, and is looking anxi- i'-_-- ously to see if it has taken effect; for he knows well that the bison when wounded may turn upon him with its sharp-pointed horns. A USEFUL ANIMAL. 61 --- 0OU will be surprised when I tell you that though the North American bison looks so heavy and so fierce, it runs very swiftly, and is a very timid creature. It is very valuable to the Red Indian, as its body supplies him with almost every necessary of life. From its flesh he gets food, which is eaten fresh, or cut into long strips and dried in the sun; it is then called jerked beef. The hide of the bison supplies the Indian with his tent, some part of his dress, his bed, and his shield; and as it is now his chief article of trade with the whites, it is thus the source whence he derives blankets, knives, beads, and every other produce of civilization. 62 A RIDE FOR LIFE. ---- 'i---~-:- -- -~--- -:. -"--_^..^ ERE is a terrible scene. The prairie is on fire. See how the Indians are gal- loping away. The horses know as well as their riders that they must exert them- selves to the utmost to escape to a place of safety before they are overtaken by the flames or the suffocating smoke. It is a ride for life. OUT OF DANGER. 63 "T is delightful to look at this picture, is it not ? for now we see the chief and one of his companions have managed to make Their escape. How tired the horse must be. He is looking very proud to find he has been able to bear his beloved master to a place of safety. The poor chief is looking back anxiously to see if his friends have escaped also. 64 GATHERING COTTON. .. ,- --- "-. ERE we see some negroes on a cotton plantation in the Southern States of America. See how busy they are. The cotton plant is a beautiful shrub, some- what larger than a gooseberry bush, bearing large flwers, generally yellow, and not unlike those of the hollyhock. The fruit is a pod about the size of a pigeon's egg, in which are seeds not unlike small brown peas, and covered all over with fine white hairs sometimes more than an inch in length. When these hairs are separated by machinery from the seeds they become cotton wool. OFF BY RAIL. 65 OW we must get into this train, and set out for another country. See what a fine starry night it is; and there's the moon at its first quarter. You may go to sleep for a little, if you like, as we have a long journey to make; so shut your eyes, unless you prefer to look a little longer at the stars. I think we can- not do better than pay a visit to South America. (1) 5 66 IN SOUTH AMERICA. SE must now pay a very hurried visit to South America. Here is a novel bridge used by travellers to cross from one part of the Andes to another. The people there would require to be good gymnasts, you will say, and I think so too. Just look at the great crevasse between the two sides of the mountain. If either of the men were to lose hold he would fall to a great depth, and very likely be dashed to pieces. Their companion, who has reached the other side, is cheering the others on. WILD HORSES. 67 - -c-r ERE we see a herd of wild horses, the mustang of the South American pampas. They are always under the guardianship of one leader, who is able, in a wonder- ful manner, to give his orders to every one of the herd at once. They are galloping away from the hunters, who have come out with their lassos to catch them. When the mustang is caught, it is so furious at finding itself a prisoner that it nearly strangles itself by its plunges and struggles; but it exhausts itself at last, and is forced to stand and gasp for breath. The hunter then dismounts, and keeping his hand on the lasso, advances cau- tiously towards the poor animal, hauling the rope tight whenever it tries to escape. 68 A BOAT'S CREW. ,= -__ --_ S ERE is a boat's crew of South American Indians. See how regularly they are using their queer flat oars. They are more like paddles in shape than oars, the handles are so short; but I daresay they manage to get along quite quickly, the water is so smooth. If the boat were away, we would know this was a foreign country by looking at the trees. A DELIGHTFUL SAIL. 69 ; ERE is a little boy having a delightful sail in a little canoe all by himself, and he is getting along through the water without either paddle or oar. This is, I feel certain, the son of one of the chiefs, and he has got his servant-a slave, perhaps-to take the rope between his teeth and go swimming about the water. It is to be hoped there is no horrid creature lurking about under the water, ready to snap off the legs of the poor fellow. 70 A STRANGE HOUSE. ERE is a very strange house. How would you like to live in it ? See, the natives have selected four suitable trees, and "have made a floor with planks of wood, and mats they have woven. They have also got a roof overhead; arid seem to be quite as happy as we are in our homes. There are ever so many of these peculiar-looking dwellings on the opposite side of the river; but you see the people have got boats, and ferry across from one side to the other. A NATIVE. 71 HIS man belongs to a tribe of Fuegians "who inhabit both sides of the Strait of Magellan. They live entirely on fish and wild fowl, and they spend most of their time in their canoes. The canoes are made from the bark of trees, sewed together and glued. It must be winter with him, for in summer they wear very little clothing. But he has got on his white robe made of the skin of the sea-wolf, which they kill with their spears and arrows. The Fuegians who live on the island of Tierra del Fuego wear no head-dresses. 72 CAPE HORN. ERE is Cape Horn, where a bright look- out is always kept in case of storms. It is a very cold part of the sea, and ships often pass great icebergs floating about, and the sailors are very much afraid of them. Cape Horn is the southernmost point of America, and is a high, steep, and bare rock. Many birds fly about here, especially the great albatrosses. When their wings are spread out they sometimes measure fourteen feet. -^-*c .blJ^r CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. 73 _- .- _-.---f'sfy^'^- ~-~~~ __:_ --- - ND now we find ourselves transported to Africa, where we land at the Cape of Good Hope to take a look at the coun- try of the Hottentots. This is Table Mountain. Cape Town is prettily situ- ated at the head of Table Bay, on a plain slop- ing downwards. The town is well and regularly built, the houses being-of red brick or stone, with a veranda in front. There is a castle on the right-hand side of the town; it is a fortress of considerable strength. Many of the public offices of Cape Colony are within its walls, as well as bar- racks for one thousand men. Table Bay is large enough to give safe anchorage to many ships. 74 AMONG THE KAFFIRS. ERE are some of the Kaffirs travelling from one part of the country to another, perhaps to secure better pasturage for "their cattle. It is not a very difficult matter to remove their goods, as all the furniture of a common Kaffir hut consists of a few mats, coarse earthenware pots of native manufacture, a rush basket so closely woven as to contain liquids, a calabash, and a bundle of assegais. Some have milk-sacks made out of bullocks' hide, and wooden carved vessels. IN FRANCE. 75 E now find ourselves at Marseilles, the chief commercial city of France. As it is situated far enough eastward from the mouth of the Rhone to have deep water in-shore, wines, silks, oil, soap, and various fancy articles are exported from it. The harbour is formed by a small inlet of the sea running east- ward into the very heart of the city, which is built round it. The port is capable of accommo- dating seventeen hundred vessels, and is surrounded by fine quays. 76 FRENCH PEASANTS. :, r ,: '_ - -jl ----- --_-: :-_ -_- - ERE are some French peasants. The women have come out to purchase fruit at the fruit-stalls, and are taking the opportunity to have a little gossip. A Frenchman likes to be out in the open air as much as possible; and so should we too, if our climate were as delightful as it is in sunny France. It must be very queer to see the people taking their meals out of doors, and sitting with their work, while the men smoke their pipes. The French are a very happy, light-hearted people. A CURIOUS SIGHT. 77 Me-~ E now take a peep at Landes, a depart- \ ment in the south-west of France. The population of the wilds is scanty, and the peasantry live in solitary cabins. The head of the family cultivates the soil at home, and the younger members go either to the forests to make charcoal or to watch their flocks, mounted on their long stilts, that they may pass through the morasses dry-footed. The shepherds watch their flocks mounted on these stilts, and rest on their staves, the tops of which are generally broad and round to afford them a seat. All their leisure time is occupied in knitting large woollen stockings. 78 A GRAND BUILDING. OW we find ourselves at Paris, considered by many the most beautiful city in Europe. Originally built on a small island in the Seine, on which is the Cathedral of Notre Dame, it now covers both sides of the river, and is next to London in size. From one of the square towers of the cathedral you can not only see many of the grand old palaces and buildings, but the great strong wall built round the city. Paris is the admiration of the world for its architectural monu- ments, its libraries, its museums, and its gaiety. THE ALPS. 79 _-.& -...--- - TfET tiii now tabk a po-itr on off the- Alps. O thi heights w is al- ways to be found. But where they approach the open, level country, which is much warmer, they are often crowned with large forests. Vast masses of snow and ice often separate from the mountains, and sliding down, overturn everything in their course, and sometimes cause great loss of life. 80 MONKS OF ST. BERNARD. ',*-- -b -- ERE we now see two monks of St. Ber- nard (a mountain of the Alps) sending off one of their faithful and most intelli- gent dogs in search of travellers. The snow is falling very thickly, and the monks are afraid that some one may have set out and have now been overtaken in the storm. In a very few moments the path will be covered, and the traveller may become confused, and lose his way. A SWISS MAIDEN. 81 F ',v ERE is a Swiss maiden resting under a vine. She has been playing the tam- bourine, and dancing with her com- panions; but now she is tired, and has sat down for a little. What a beautiful bunch of "grapes is hanging right over her head! She surely cannot be thirsty, or she would pluck some. Perhaps she does not value them so much as we do in this country. There, in her sunny land, they grow in such quantities; and she may be tired of eating them. Grapes are what wine is made from; and you must get some one to tell you how it is made. (, 6 82 A BROWN BEAR. HIS great brown bear has been prowling about, and has come upon some goats. Oh, how frightened the poor things must be! See, the bear has put his great paw upon one, and is holding it down. I fear he means to kill it and carry it away to where he has left his wife and young cubs, and a very fine supper they will have. The shepherd made this little shed for the goats to shelter under, but it was not strong enough to keep the bear out. A VIEW OF ROME. 83 OW we pay a visit to Rome. The dome- shaped building in the centre is the Church of St. Peter's, the largest and most splendid Christian church in the world, and said to have cost 12,000,000 sterling to build it. It was begun in 1506, and many great architects died while having charge of it. The dome was finished in May 1590, the work having been carried on from 1588 night and day by six hundred workmen; and when the last stone had been blessed by the Pope, it was fixed in its place at the sound of a discharge of cannon from the Castle of St. Angelo, the building to the right. 84 MOUNT VESUVIUS. -- a peep at Vesuvius; but we must keep at a safe distance from the mountain, as it is at present in active eruption. It is celebrated as one of the principal volcanoes of Europe. It must be a very exciting thing' to live close to a burning mountain. Have you ever read how the cities of Pompeii and Hercu- laneum were overwhelmed by showers of cinders and fragments of rock, and later on by streams of lava? MOSCOW. 85 HE view of Moscow is very fine indeed. The numerous towers give the city quite an Oriental appearance. The most re- markable of the hills on which Moscow stands is the Kremlin. It is enclosed by a wall two miles in circuit, and is crowded with palaces, churches, monasteries, and museums. Near the cathedral is the largest bell in the world, weighing nearly two hundred tons, and believed never to have been rung. 86 PURSUED BY WOLVES. Ik -^ A AfV'' ~ ~ 'l haste they can to escape from the wolves, who are in close pursuit after "them. See how terrified the poor horses are, and how they are straining every muscle to gallop as fast as they can. The gentleman is trying to shoot one of the wolves with his pistol. KILLED BY A BEAR. 87 Al- HIS hunter had gone out with his bow and arrows to shoot game. I hope he left no wife and little children at home; for he has been overtaken by a great bear, and now he is quite dead. The bear is looking round at its companion, and growling to warn it not to come near. 88 LAPLANDERS. ___ -- _ __ = -.-- --.. u- '--- E are now in Lapland; and a very cold country it is, too,-quite the opposite to Algiers and the Desert. The Lap- lander we now see has even his hands covered; and he seems to be as glad as the rein- deer that his wife has finished the milking. What a useful animal the reindeer is to the poor Lap- lander! It draws his sledge, provides him with warm clothing, and supplies him with milk. You can see some tents, to the left; and very queer they look, too. THE NORTHERN LIGHTS. 89 T is in the ice-bound regions of the North that the Aurora Borealis is seen in all its grandeur. It is more commonly known as the Northern Lights. How it must help to cheer the inhabitants of those dark regions. See, the reindeer belonging to this Lapland village is walking about in search of its supper, and has found a nice tuft of coarse grass sheltering behind a stone. This floating wall of light completely blocks out the sky, so that nothing can be seen of the stars for several hours at a time. 90 AN ACCIDENT. ERE are two Eskimos, and one has fallen into the water. His friend is doing his best to stop his dogs, that he may pull him out. Now, you must know that Eskimo dogs are sometimes very provoking. If a sledge remains fast in the deep snow, these animals, instead of helping to get it out by pull- ing all together, actually lie quietly down, and appear full of joy at the accident. Now, you would think, to see the determined way they are dashing off, that they meant to leave the poor Eskimo in the water to drown; but I hope the man will be saved. FAITHFUL COMPANIONS. 91 --- -Y_. ---- _ ..E, --.P1 'H PHIS is a pair of Eskimo dogs, and very ..,od ones they are. They help the Es kimo to draw his sledge over the frozen sea, and are very hardy and strong. Sometimes an Eskimo has as many as forty dogs; and he takes great pleasure in them, and can hardly be persuaded to sell them. You may see that their skin is very shaggy indeed, and that they have splendid bushy tails. They seem to be very good-natured, and are very fond of their masters, who treat them with much kindness and affection. 92 PARTING WORDS. AND now the pictures in my Panorama are ex- hausted, and the curtain must once more fall. I thank you for your attention, and hope that what you have seen and heard may induce you to read for yourselves accounts of foreign lands and their inhabitants. 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