The Syrian Lebanese star ( March 1, 2004 )

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U I


THE SYRIAN-LEBANESE STAR
AN INDEPENDENT MONTHLY


$15.00 SUBSCRIPTION


SERVING AMERICANS OF ARABIC HERITAGE
Celebrating 41 Years of Service
MEMBER ARAB-AMERICAN PRESS GUILD
MEMBER AMERICAN LEBANESE CONGRESS
ESTABLISHED IN 1963
www.syrianlebanesestar.com


I I I


Women Pioneers of the
Syrian Literary Salon
Saga of the Sakina Literary Club
by Raghda Mardini


A Message
From The
Charmain of
The Board of
The Federation


he emergence of
w o m e n I s
organizations in
Syria at the beginning of
the 20th century had a
significant impact on both
the cultural and intellectual
spheres. On the cultural
front, women's charitable
organizations were formed


continued on page 6


Thuraya al-Hafez


Federation President James
Moises Roasted & Toasted by
Friends & Family


by Mary Moises


L f5'.


A


federation presidents attending testimonial dinner, L to R: Michael
Shikany; Bill Frank; Sharon Benson; current president, Dr. james
moises; Mary Jo Mansour; Joe Joseph, Jr; Dr. Jake Jorishi.
See story on page 19

Middle East Tourism
By Rhonda Wells


Middle East Tourism has
been seriously challenged
by world events, yet it is
bouncing back with
renewed vitality.
Although the events of
9/11, the Severe Acute
Respiratory Syndrome
(SARS), worldwide
terrorist attacks and the
Iraq war all impacted on
the area's tourism there
are plans afoot for the
21st century which
should ensure the future
for tourism in the Middle
East is bright.

Worldwide, there were


703 million tourists in
2002, estimated in the
World Tourist
Organization (WTO)'s
Tourism 2020 Vision
report, to reach 1.6bn by,
2020. Looking at the first
two decades of the new
millennium, the WTO
projects that the Middle
East will be the second
fastest growing in-bound
region, after East Asia,
anticipating 36m visitors
by 2010, increasing by
69m international arrivals
by 2020.

continued on page 15


Anthony Campbell
.. yellow members of
ny Federation
family:

The holiday season
presents a special time to
remember and give
thanks that our

continued on page 10
.... .* n-i1 T -.r"i


Ambassador to
Human
Consciousness


~

7' '




Edward Said
I cannot bid farewell to
Edward Said because
of his overwhelming
presence in us and in the
world. He is still very
much alive in us. Our
conscience and
ambassador to the human
consciousness
succumbed yesterday in
his long, futile struggle
continued on page 10


Louisiana Teacher Removed
After Hijab Incident
Teacher allegedly told Muslim student:
'I hope Allah punishes you'


A prominent national
Islamic civil rights and.
advocacy group today
applauded the actions of a
Louisiana high school that
removed a social studies
teacher who allegedly
pulled on the Islamic head
scarf, or hijab, of a Muslim
student and made


offensive remarks about
her faith.
The 17-year-old student at
West Jefferson High
School in Harvey, La., told
the Council on American-
Islamic Relations (CAIR)
that the teacher pulled
back her religiously-
continued on page 7


Moroccan Asilah- An Arab
Capital of Art & Culture




w.a. .,
.7:... : '-'."w----. :. "' .. ", i td"


II-


"- _.- -. --..- A quite city in the winter,
.f Asilah reverts in the blink
of an .eye to the
-- vociferous and dynamic
life that has characterized
Sits summers for a quarter
Sof a century now.
Everyone speaks of
Asilah, and everyone has
4 heard of it. So what is the
i W story of this exceptional
place that has virtually
Sf j become a legend?
-. .Asilah lies on the
-...... ... ..----. Atlantic coast in the
S''-"""" -' poverty stricken
Ancient City of Petra in Jordan, where the breathtaking
architecture is carved into rose-coloured sandstone cliffs continued on page 11


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XXXXII #3 MARCH 2004


61


I






SPage 2 THE SYRIAN-LEBANESE STAR March 2004


Jacksonville News


Frances and George
Baccash celebrated their
50th wedding anniversary
with a renewal of vows at
St. paul's Catholic
continued on page6


MARSHALL AND VICTORIA ARRIEH
LEBANESE HERITAGE AWARD AND GIFT
FOR KNOWI.EDE. Aw-RD
gFui&p lmd-exAiwn
Univkrnsitq of Norlh
Corolinm


on o lan f & Ghada fbdel-Kar.im
Metrolinn Phoenician Club
Donors: Drs. Marielle and Albert Joharv.
Daniclle and Dan liahenty. Membership of the
Southern Federation

continued on page 6


Best Wishes From






WASTE MAA EN


904-260-1592



Jacksonville, FL


Attracting and Keeping
Young Members
by Stephen Dalati
(Stephen won the "Young Members Essay" contest of the
Lebanese American Club of Mobile with this entry)


Organizations like the
Lebanese-American Club
of MObile, which have
been established for
several years, always
come to a crossroad: how
to keep the club alive for
generations to come. The
key is to keep membership
up, and the club must
attract young members
that will participate in
order to keep the club
alive. This can be done
with one thing in mind:
young people have to have
a reason to participate, and
although it is easily said, it
is not so easily
implemented. Using
several activities, young
member participation wil
be secured.
The first step is to
establish a group of young


Best Wishes, To Our Many <
Syrian & Lebanese Friends & Customers


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members that would meet
to plan different events for
the young members of the
club. Anyone between the
ages of thirteen and
twenty could join this
group. It would not
necessarily include a
president or vice
president, or any other
type of t; established
office. The aim would not
be to form a Young
Lebanese-American Club,
because that would entail
too much responsibility. In
place of such structure,
there would be a
moderator, an adult
member of the club who
would determine
whether or not planned
activities were feasible.
The moderator would also
make suggestions for
activities, regulate each
meeting, and act as the
spokesman for the group
of young members. In
such a case, the t
moderator would need to
be someone either in
college or recently
graduated from college.
With an established group
of young members and a
moderator, activities could
be planned easily.
The second step in the
process is to consider a
clubhouse. The majority
of people, including
young people, enjoy social
gatherings. However, to
facilitate any parties or
dances, there must be a
place to convene. If
renting or buying a
clubhouse is not
financially realistic for the
Lebanese Club, then it
would be necessary to find
adult members willing to
loan their house for social
events. Without a place to
meet, nothing will get off
the ground.
The third step is to
actually plan activities.
Although young members
are limited by their age, it
is exactly the point to meet
continued on page 7


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SPage 3 THE SYRIAN-LEBANESE STAR March 2004


Future Events Are Real a
And True


How long did Jesus go to
the Gentiles? For He has
quit dealing. with the
Jewish people and has
gone unto the nations to
take out of them a
peculiar people. Jesus
said, "I must need to go to
Samaria two days." Why
two days? What was He
trying to show or tell us?
Could it be, I will deal
two days with the
Gentiles??? John 4:43:
"Now after two days he
departed thence, and went
into GAlilee."

Next, here are Jesus'
words in Matthew, Mark
and Luke. "And the
gospel shall be preached
in all nations all over the
world and then shall the
end come." Question-----
How many nations are
there going to be besides
the nation of Israel? "For
He said to all the
nations." The Jewish
nation already knew.
How about 153.nations of


Rev. Fred Massabni

the world, plus Jerusalem
(Israel). The proof text is
John 21:10-11. "Jesus
saith unto them, Bring of
the fish which ye have
now caught. Simon Peter
went up, and drew the net
to land full of great
fishes, a hundred and fifty
and three: and for all
there were so many, yet
was not the net broken."
The great fishes
represented 153 nations
that will be caught in the
Gospel net. Israel
became the 154th nation
dn May 14, 1948.

Signs of the times

continued on page 13


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Prayer


What insect has such a
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history as the ladybird,
also known more
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In an age of faith when
people saw earth
mirroring heaven, this
tiny creature was thought
to enjoy the special
protection of the Virgin
Mary. Reversing its role
in the last century, this
small symbol of Our
Lady burst into
prominence as a protector
of people and their food
supply. As the.enemy of
aphids, the ladybird has
rendered service
calculated in the billions
of dollars in the past
century alone. We have
good reason to be grateful
for this little beetle and to
the Lady for whom it is
named.
A problem of infestation
Agricultural specialists
first became interested in
the ladybug when
California orange groves
were mercilessly attacked
by a voracious insect pest
in the late nineteenth
century. Already in 1880
agricultural experts
discovered that a parasitic
insect was infesting some


The Lady Bug

Mary's Agrarian Agent


mi
By Brother John
Samaha, S.M.
orange trees in,
California's Santa Clara
Valley. The infestation
was known locally as
"San Jose scale".
Eventually it was traced
to the flowering peach
trees imported from
China. These trees were
infected with tiny sap-
sucking insects until then
unknown in the western
world.
The deadly visitor insect
from Asia found the
orange trees a delicious'
victim and spread
quickly. They multiplied
so rapidly that they
became a mortal threat to
the citrus industry in all
of California. By 1893
horticulturalists were
occasionally finding
specimens along the

continued on page 17


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Prayer in Islam is a
spiritual pinnacle of a
devout Muslim man and
woman. Prayer in Islam
is a personal link between
an individual and
Almighty Allah-the
Creator of Heavens and
Earth and everything in
between.

By means of Prayer, a
devout Muslim,
beseeches forgiveness
from Allah, the Almighty,
invoking His Mercy and
Blessings.. By means of
prayer, a Muslim directly
appeals to the Almighty
for forgiveness of his/her
shortcomings. An
individual may request
other devout Muslims to
remember him/her in
their prayers; as a result,
devout Muslims, always
remember others in their
prayers. However,
personal prayer is a
condition to establish a
direct link with Allah, the
Almighty.


By Dr. Qazi Muhammad
Barkatullah
Prayer in Islam, is a
means of self-
purification. As such, in
Islam, a person has not to
join any 'club' to pray for
him/her; no need to seek
someone 'to make a
confession' and get his or
her sins forgiven. In
Islam, an individual calls
upon on one but Allah,
the Almighty, to forgive
his or her sins, and cover
up his or her
shortcomings.

A Muslim begins his or
her prayer 'in the name of
Allah', the Gracious, the
Merciful, and in no one
else's name. And there is

continued on page 8






Page 4 THE SYRIAN-LEBANESE STAR March 2004


cluLb cIews


I"--


State Vice-President
James Galias
4900 Poplar Ave.
Memphis, TN 38120
901752-1275
gattasjl@hotmail The Cedars
Club of Memphis Submitted
by.James Gattas, President

The Cedars Club of
Memphis held our annual
fall meeting on October
1, 2003 to plan our
activities. The fall
downtown dinner was
held at the Pier
Restaurant and chaired by
Joseph Koury, assisted by
TommyAsEker. Several
newmembers were
recn-ited at this fun event
and many thanks ~ to
Joseph and Tommy.
A new fund for the
Southern Federation
Foundation Scholarship
Fund was announced. We
will raise $1,000 in
memory of Joseph Gattas
III. A new special event
called the "Men's Poker
Party' was held on
Friday, November 14 at
the home of Becky and
Wes Kraker. The
eventwas chaired
byJames Gattas and
included Middle Eastern
Hors d'ocuvres, Kibbe

continued on pg. 1 6


0 a


Jacksonville
FL


Texas/North Vice-President
Michelle Morrow
74 Winchester Or. Euless, TX
76039
817 283-7855

Texas/South Vice-President
Sam Attal, Jr.
2612 Rollingwood Dr.
Austin, TX 78746
512 327-0865
sal Qljr@austin.rr.com

CEDARS CLUB OF HOUSTON
Submitted by Rose Zwan

On Sept 27 the Cedars
Club of Houston held its
first meeting since the
death of its founder, Al
Zwan, in May. The
meeting was held at the
home of Mrs. Jerri Wasaf
A social hour was held
followed by a delicious
meal 11 served by Mrs.
Wasaff. After the meal,
President Les Lewis
called the meeting to
order. The Secretary,
Barbara Farah read the
minutes followed by the
treasury report by Rose
Zwan. Both were
approved as given. Lois
Lewis, Chairman of the
St. Jude "Fly Me to the
Moon" Gala and Golf
Tournament scheduled for
Oct. 3rd and 6th, gave a
report on the Gala being
continued on pg. 16


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As I complete my third
and final year as
Scholarship Director, I
would like to take
this opportunity to thank
everyone for their support
during the past three
years. I especially wish to
thank my hard- working
committee: Tess Casbeer,
Elaine Daho, Dottie
Frank, Bea Katool, Clara
Johary, Mary Louise
Joseph Jones, and June
Thomas. In addition, a
special "Thank You" is
extended to Reba David
for her constant
availability and undying
support. I could not have
done it without her.

This year's applicant pool
featured some of the best
applicants in years,
making for a very stiff
competition. Nearly half
of the applying this year
had 4.0 or above
averages. Out. of the
applicants, 54 students
were awarded
scholarships and/or gift
for knowledge awards at
the 2003 .Southern
Federation Brunch held
July 4 in Atlanta,
Georgia. A total of



24 Hrs A Da


$51,242.00 was awarded.

The top recipient was
Faris Faysal Haykal, the
son of Radwin and
Suzanne Haykal. He is a
member of the Cedars of
Memphis Club. Faris was
valedictorian of his class.
He is a National Merit
Scholar and will be
attending Harvard
University in Cambridge
Massachusetts in the fall.
He wishes to pursue a
career in Medicine. Faris
was awarded the Ed
Haggar Family
Foundation Scholarship
in the amount of $5,000.

The SALEA Club of
Dallas, Texas was
awarded a plaque for their
many years of dedication
and support to the
Southern Federation of
Syrian : Lebanese
American Clubs. The
SALEA Club, one of the
founding clubs of the
Federation started an
endowment in the amount
of $13,000 this year so
that scholarships may be
given in their name for


Record Year for Scholarships


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continued on pg. 6
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(904) 724-7984


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Page 5 THE SYRIAN-LEBANESE STAR March 2004

FLORIDA'S GOLD COAST


The Star is published once per month by A.M. Coplan. The Star is an independent
monthly serving Americans of Syrian and Lebanese heritage for over 35 years.
MEMBER ARAB-AMERICAN PRESS GUILD
The Syrian-Lebanese Star
Publisher and Editor...A. M. Coplan
For Advertising Information Write P.O.Box 5545
Jacksonville, Florida 32247 Phone (904) 737-6996
Postmaster-send change of address to the above address
Please send your letters, news stories, pictures and club activities to
The Editor's Desk.
4251 University Blvd. S., Suite 201, Jacksonville, Florida 32216
Subscription Rate: $15.00 per year


In Memoriam
Dorothy Nolan
Manziel


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In Memoriam
Genevieve
Karam Niemeyer

The Lord called
Genevieve Karam
'Niemeyer home on July
10, 2003. Known as
"Gene", she was born to
Edward Karam, Sr. and
Josephine Daywood
Karam in San Antonio,
TX where she spent her
entire life. -A devout
Catholic, she was a
lifelong member of St.
George Maronite Church.

SHaving earned her
bachelor and master
degrees from Our Lady of.
the Lake University, she
devoted her professional
life to education, working
for the San Antonio
Independent School
District as a math teacher,
a counselor, and a vice-
principal and, for the past
three years as principal of
Woodrow Wilson
Elementary School.
Wilson Elementary has
been recognized as an
exemplary campus for
each year of her tenure
and was recently awarded
a five-star rating by Texas


Genevieve Karam
Niemeyer
Monthly Magazine.

She was a long-time
member and a past
president of Bey Aleph
Club, a Southern
Federation organization.
Her roots were firmly
planted in the Federation
as her late uncle, Joe
Daywood of Austin, TX,
was actively involved in
the formation of the
Southern Federation. She
attended her first
convention in Houston,
TX as a young girl. Since
that time, she
enthusiastically attended
numerous Federation
conferences and
conventions (as recently
as Jacksonville, FL in
2002) and assisted in
hosting the San Antonio


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conventions in 1987 and
1992. Her son, Phillip,
was a recipient of a
Federation Scholarship in
1991.

At the moment of her
passing Gene was
surrounded by her life's
greatest joy, her family.
She is survived by her
beloved sons, Phillip
Edward Niemeyer, Jr. of
Austin, TX, and Michael
Carl Niemeyer of San
Antonio, TX; brother,
Edward Karam, Jr. of San
Antonio, TX; sisters, Dr.
Patricia Karam (husband,
Robert Karam) of San
continued on pg. 14


/, V.

I^ *v
Dorothy Nolan Manziel
passed away on
September 8, 2003. Born
in Baton Rouge, LA., she
was one of nine children
of Joseph and Victoria
Nolan. Dorothy, was
educated at Louisiana
State University. She
married Bobby Joseph
Manziel Sr. in Baton
Rouge, and the couple
settled in Tyler.
Bobby became a
successful oil operator,
who brought in the
discovery well in the
continued on pg. 14


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Page 6 THE SYRIAN-LEBANESE STAR March 2004

FLORIDA


many years to come."
Mary Emma Ackels
Karam was present to
accept the award on
behalf of the club. Once
again, we thank the
SALEA club and greatly
appreciate all their
contributions to the
Federation throughout
their many years.

The following pages
provide a list of our
graduating seniors and
the awards that they
received.

Congratulations to them
all-these bright kids are
our future. We applaud
them for their efforts and
their, achievements and
stand behind them as they
pursue their individual
career paths. We hope
that our scholarship
recipients will in turn
remember the Federation
in the future and will
hopefully become donors
and supporters
themselves.


Oklahoma
Univcrsilg


Son of 'fnlhong and Nuijl flbdo
5olaam Club of Tulia
Donors: Sam F. Hamra Family
DAHHONORARY SCHOLARSHIP IN HONOF
OF AMANDO, JOHN AND JOSEPH DAHO;
CHARLES K. SHAHEEN MEMORIAL.
SCHOLARSHIP; SIDNEY AND WADE;I..
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Baccashes
continued from page 2

Church and a family
dinner at their daughter's
home. They were married
February 14, 1954, in St.
Paul's Catholic Church in
Jacksonville. She is the
former Frances Elian.

Their children are
Richard B. Baccasi and
Cynthia B. Tanner, both
of Jacksonville.

The Baccashes have two
grandchildren.


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Women-
Pioneers
continued from pg. 1
in order to address the
needs of the poor and
destitute as well as to
broach questions
concerning education and
tradition. From these
organizations arose the idea
for intellectual associations
that would provide a space
for lectures, discussions,
and the exchange of ideas.
The founding of these
organizations planted the
first seeds for the
development of the
women's movement in
Syria.
Indeed, the literary
associations were a clear
indicator of women's
participation in the literary,
intellectual, and cultural
renaissance taking place at
the time. Among those who
opened their homes to
intellectuals, poets, and
journalists were Mai
Ziadeh, Alexandra Khoury,
and Zainab Fawaz in Egypt,
as well as Mariana Mrash in
Aleppo, whose salon was
the only one of'its kind until
Ziadeh's salon opened in
Egypt.
Many more women began
to make a name for
themselves at the beginning
of the 20th century,
including Huda Shaarawi,
Salwa Salameh, Nazik and
Zahra al-Abed, Nadima al-
Minqari, Insaf al-Awar
Mudad, and Thuraya al-
Hafez, whose work will be
discussed in this article. By
the early 1990s, additional
women's groups had
formed in Syria. Among
their founders are the
lawyer Hanan Nijmeh,
Ibtissam al-Samadi, and
Georgette Attiyeh.


The literary women,
whose names became
synonymous with the
salons they helped
establish, -distinguished
themselves with the
contributions they made to
society. The increased
freedom they were
experiencing within their
families, coupled with their
exposure to Western ideas,
prompted these women to
participate more fully in the
cultural and literary aspects
of their society and to reach
out to those who believed in
the importance of women's
liberation from the shackles
that had, for centuries,
denied women the basic
right of self-expression.
These women were not able
to frequent coffee shops to
sit openly with men and
debate ideas, for fear of
ruining their reputations by
flaunting traditions, so they
opted instead to open their
own homes to the writers
and intellectuals of their
time. In so doing, they-
were able to choose their
own guests and direct the
topics of conversation and
debate.
Daughter of Reason
The tradition of literary
salons in Syria started with
the return of Marianna
Mrash (1848-1919) from
her travels abroad. Born in
Aleppo, she was the first
woman of this generation to
publish her writings in
newspapers. Perhaps what
immortalized her name was
not so much her beautiful
piano playing nor her
poetry collection, "A
Daughter of Reason", but
rather her literary salon,
which was the only one of
its kind in the Arab East at
the time. Mrash based her
salo on the models she had
continued on page 8


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Page 7 THE SYRIAN-LEBANESE STAR March 2004

FLORIDA / GEORGIA


continued from page 2
and discuss practical
options. Possible activities
might include socials at
the clubhouse or at
someone's house, trips to
the beach local attractions,
going to the movies,
maybe even trips to
nearby cities. Overall,
even familiar activities are
always different with a
large group.
One last thing must be
accomplished to secure
young member
participation at every
meeting someone talks
about heritage, about pride
in being Lebanese.
It is necessary to give
young members a reason
to be proud to be
Lebanese. That means not
only saying "heritage" and
"pride," but reminding
young members what
those words mean, or even
showing them what it"
means to be Lebanese.
Adult members could give
history lessons about
Lebanon, or speak of the
country before the war, or
about the Lebanese
culture. Adult inembers


must show young
members what it means to
be Lebanese-American.
Chinese-Americans and
Italian-Americans who
immerse themselves in
their cultures, to the point
where they have
designated neighborhoods
like Chinatown and Little
Italy, have a sense of their
heritage and their past.
The Lebanese American
Club must also revive its
culture so that young
members will have a sense
of pride, which would
give them more of a
reason to participate in the
club.
There are several steps in
encouraging young
members to participate.
First, a group of young
members must be
established to come up
with ideas. Second, either
a clubhouse is rented or
bought, or an adult
member loans their home
for a given time for
meetings and social
gatherings. Third, the
group. must come up with
ideas for everyone to
encourage participation.


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Teacher
continued from page 1
mandated head scarf, the
teacher allegedly said: 'I
hope God punishes you.
No, I'm sorry, I hope Allah
punishes you. I didn't
know you had hair under
there." The student, who
is of Iraqi heritage, told
CAIR that the teacher had
previously made offensive
remarks about other
students' ethnic or
religious background.'
West Jefferson .High
School. Principal Lale
Geer told CAIR that the
teacher has been removed
from the school. Geer also
stressed that his school
respects students of all
cultures and that such
behavior will not be
tolerated.
"We appreciate the
school's swift and decisive
action in response to this
shocking incident," said
CAIR National


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Communications Director
Ibrahim Hooper.: "All
students, regardless of
their religious or ethnic
background, should feel
safe in our nation's
classrooms." .
Hooper said a similar
incident occurred recently
in the United Kingdom.
In that case, the teacher
allegedly pulled off the
hijab of a teenage student
and called Islam "a joke."
SEE: "Teacher Accused
of Assault on Muslim
G i r I "
http://www.guardian.co.u
Sk/uknews/story/0,3604,1
131901,00.html
He added that CAIR is
also challenging bans on
Islamic head scarves in
Alabama driver's license
photographs and in
French public schools.
SEE: "Alabama Muslims
Denied. Right to Islamic
Attire," http://www.cair-
net.org/asp/article.asp?id
=158&page=AA and
"U.S. ,Muslims Meet
French Ambassador on
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http://www.cair-
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Page 8 THE SYRIAN-LEBANESE STAR March 2004

NORTH CAROLINA / SOUTH CAROLINA


Women Pioneers
continued from pg. 6


seen during her repeated
travels to Europe, most
famous among them
Madame De Staille's and
Madame De Nouai's. In
spite of the closed nature of
society during the Ottoman
period, the participation of
a number of intellectuals
from Aleppo, such as
Constance al-Homsi, Jibrail
al-Dallal, and Kamel al-
Ghazi, encouraged Mrash
in her endeavors.
According to the literary
critic Sami al-Kayali,
Mariana Mrash criticized
superficiality in writing.
She would call upon fellow
women to remedy faults in
their writing and
composition, urging them:
to experiment in both their
choice of subject matters
and writing 'styles.
Unfortunately, however, the
Ottoman authorities
eventually forced Mrash to
close her salon because
they considered writing and
freedom of thought a threat
to their political survival in
the region.
After Mrash, the
intellectual Salma Salameh
(1883-1949) carried on the
tradition of literary salon.
Born in Horns, Syria,
Salameh opened her salon
in the city of Zahleh,
Lebanon. She was the. first
woman from Hornsto stand
up and address a general
audience from a podium.
Many prominent writers
and poets considered her.
salon quite important and
visited it, including Halim
Dammous and Issa
Iskandar Maalouf.
Marie Ajami (1888-1965)
is another woman who
opened her beautiful large
home in Damascus to
important literary figures.
such as Khalil Mardam
Bey, abd al-Karim al
Karmi, and Fakhri. al-
Baroudi. Despite .her


efforts, Ajami's salon could
not match Mai Ziadeh's or
Mariana Mrash's.
Nonetheless, Ajami herself
was well read and fluent in
English. In 1910, she
established the magazine,
Al Aroos, or The Bride, in
which she would often
express her opinions,
including her opposition to
the oppressive nature of
Ottoman rule. Indeed, she
was a pioneer among
women journalists in
Syria.
After Ajami, Nadima al-
Minqari (1904-1992) is
doubtless the next in the
line of accomplished
women journalists in
Syria. In 1930, five years
after the suspension of the
publication of Ajami's Al
Aroos, magazine, al-
Minqari founded the
magazine, Al Mara, or The
Woman. Like Al Aroos, Al
Mara advocated issues of
Arab women's liberation
from ignorance,
backwardness, isolation,
and oppression. Its pages
became avenues for the
expression of literary 'and
intellectual ideas. After
her magazine folded, al-
Minqari began to hold
literary and intellectual
seminars at her house in
Aleppo. -Particularly
eloquent and persuasive,
she inspired dozens of
women writers to work
toward a women's
movement that would be
based upon rational
principles. Among those
writers were Najah al-
Attar,- Munirah Ali al-
Mahayeri, Thuraya al-
Hafez; Afifa al-Husni, and
Inaya Ramzi.
For 20 years, a friendship
that has been dear to my
heart linked me to the late
Thuraya al-Hafez, a well-
known literary critic and
continued on page 9


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Prayer
continued from page 3

no statue or any image
before him or her. A
.Muslim, thus, : whole
heartedly, sincerely and
earnestly beseeches
Allah's Forgiveness and
solicits His Blessings.

It so happened that in the
later part of the
nineteenth century C.E.,
the Muslims had become
so lethargic as to forget
the Blessings of prayer.
Equally so, the non-
Muslims. In fact,
especially in the Indo-
Pak-Bengladesh sub-
continent, the Muslims
had given up altogether
on the Blessings of prayer
saying 'prayer or not
prayer' is almost alike. A
devout leader Sir Syed
Ahmad Khan had
awakened Muslims to
activate their life and seek
advancement in the field,
of education. But so far
the topic of prayer was
concerned, he had
expressed his
hopelessness that prayers
are not heard. .The
Muslims had fallen into
sad and deplorable
condition considering
that prayer to Allah was
not going to help to make
any change for the better
in their life. So being


IDB


disappointed, they had
given up on prayer and
uttered like: 'Que Sera,
Que Sara -Whatever will
be will be'.

Then, Hazrat Ahmad took
a stand. He challenged
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
and the people like him.
Hazrat Ahmad
emphasized that prayer is
a powerful tool that can
change the deplorable
condition of their life. He
addressed the non-
believers of prayer
saying: 'The power of
prayer turns around the
impossible events in life
and makes them possible
to happen; O
Philosophers and given to
worldly affairs; just
watch the miracles of
prayer.'

Then, from his personal
life, he cited several
examples for guidance
unto mankind. (Roohani
Khazain,Vol.6.-Barkat-
ud-Dua.)

Hazrat Ahmad invited the
attention of the Muslims
to the injunctions of the
Holy Quran: "And your
Allah says: Pray unto Me;
I will answer your
prayers."
Holy Quran 40:61


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Page 9 THE SYRIAN-LEBANESE STAR March 2004

MARYLAND / VIRGINIA / WASHINGTON


Women
Pioneers
continued from pg. 8
pioneer advocate of
women's rights who played
an important role in the
establishment of literary
salons in Syria. Al-Hafez
was the daughter of Lutfi
al-Hafez, who was hanged
for his resistance to
Ottoman rule in Syria.
Thuraya al-Hafez was
nurtured under the
guidance of Prince Mustafa
al-Shihabi and married the
journalist Munir al-Rayes.
I learned much about her
life through conversations
we had during the course of
our friendship, and
especially at the Thursday
gatherings she held
regularly. Unfortunately,
she passed away before she
had followed through with
her plans to write her
memoirs. During her
lifetime, al-Hafez played an
important role in
establishing highly
respected literary salons in
Syria. Before she died, she
described how in 1946 she
had overcome many
obstacles, including the
resistance of her own
enlightened women
colleagues, in order to
establish the Zahra al-Abed
club so that women could
prove themselves as
capable individuals who
held opinions and ideas
about the world around
them.
She described to me the
dream that prompted her to


take the first brave step and
establish a literary salon. In
the dream, al-Hafez saw
herself in the Andalusian
castle, Al-Hambra, leaning
against one of its famous
columns and reading poetry
to a large crowd. When she
woke up, she understood
that God was advising her
of the importance of
establishing an independent
association that would
become a platform for the
expression of free ideas.
She told me: In truth, I
proposed the idea to my
women friends who had
joined me in lifting the veil
from their faces during the
1928 demonstration that we
undertook with about 100
other respected women
from well-established
Damascene families. When
I told my friend, Munira
Muhayeri, that I wanted to
start a literary salon, she
replied with great emotion,
"Are you crazy? We can
hardly avoid the wrath of
the conservatives as it is;
what do you think they
would do to us if we started
a literary salon? Go ahead
and establish your salon on
your own. I can't agree to
work on it with you." To
her outburst I replied, "I
have done my part in
informing you of my plans, -
and I'm sure that you will
join the salon, in the end,
even though I will have to
get it started on my own."
After consulting with
literary figures such as
Salim al-Zarkali, Anwar al-
Attar, and Abed al-Sallam
al-Ujaili, we decided that
we should meet at the home


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of Zahra al-Abed, the wife
of Muhammad Ali-Abedi,
the first president of the
Syrian Republic.
Named after its hostess, the
salon came to be know as
the Zahra Literary Circle. It
became the gathering place
for the most important
writers, artists, and
intellectuals, who would
discuss literature, art,
culture, and politics current
at the time.
Sakina Literary Club
After successfully
establishing the Zahra
Literary Circle, al-Hafez
came up with the idea of
establishing a formal
literary salon in Damascus.
She named it the Sakina
Club after the prophet's


granddaughter, who had
established one of the most
important literary salons in
the early period of Islamic
history. By 1953, the
Sakina- Club was already
famous; The club declared
its literary and cultural aims
to be as follows: to improve
the quality of literary
production and criticism; to
help Syrian writers publish
their works; and to give
financial support to
destitute writers and
talented students of
literature.
The club worked to realize
its aims through organizing
discussion groups and
workshops related to the
production, analysis, and
criticism of literary works.
continued on page 18


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Page 10 THE SYRIAN-LEBANESE STAR March 2004

MARYLAND / VIRGINIA/ WASHINGTON


Board of The Federation


continued from page 1
forefathers had the
courage and wisdom to
immigrate to the United
States. It also presents
numerous opportunities
to reconnect with family,
friends and our
communities. Although
multiple events can often
make schedules difficult,
the holidays are a
wonderful time to
reconnect with your local
club via a holiday or post-
holiday party. I implore
you to take advantage of
the opportunities
presented, and not only
plan and participate in a
club holiday gathering,
but also resolve to
energize your club,, host
and participate in more
events, and make it a
point to attend an
upcoming Federation
conference or convention.
The Federation depends
upon the strength of its
clubs, and, of course,
each club depends upon
the participation of its
members.

Please take"a moment to
view the updated and
improved Federation
website at


www.sfslac.or
Moises and ot
expended mar
ensuring that
provides a
interaction for
and our use an
will ensure
successful.

I have visited
and hope to
members
Federation far
the holidays.
me informed c
activities, an
know of any
projects that
all of our club
I may not
opportunity t(
you personal
of you a bles
season and a
contact me
suggestions ai
implement im
for the Federa

Regards,
Anthony
Campbell
Chairman,
Board
aejc @ aejc.


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continued from page 1


g. James with death. But he never
others have succumbed to, nor
ly hours in stopped resisting, the new
World order in his defense
our website
of justice and of the
point of humanist tradition that is
rall of us, common among cultures
id feedback and civilizations. He was
that it is a hero in cheating death
during the past 12 years
by renewing his fertile
a few clubs, creative life through
writing, playing music
and documenting the
of the human will. He carried on ,
nily during his dynamic search for
Please keep the meaning and the
f your club essence and the position
id let me of the intellectual in his
Federation difficult role. If a
SPalestinian is asked what
will benefit
will b it he is proud of before the
s. Although world, he would answer
have the immediately, Edward
) visit with Said. Palestinian cultural
y, I wish all history has not produced
sed holiday another genius matching
k tt y Edward Said's uniqueness
sk that you
Stand multi-talents. From
with ideas, now until further notice,
nd offers to he will have the leading
provements role in transmitting his
tion. original country's name
from the common
political level to the
Edw. j world's cultural
consciousness. ...Because
of his loyalty to his values
Executive of justice, which are
oppressed in Palestine,
com and through his defense
of its citizens' rights and
LANCE freedoms, he had become
one of the symbolic
fathers of the new
services Palestine. His vision of
the ongoing struggle in


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Palestine was a cultural
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duty.

Edward was a whole
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critic, intellectual,
musician and politician
became unified, without
having any of these
activities diminish the
others. Said's personality,
marked by a charisma
supported by high
dominance, had
transformed into a unique
phenomenon. Rarely the
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come together as one as

they did in Edward Said -
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language. In his farewell,
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know who the families of
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our tears are one. Edward,
through his dynamic
consciousness and his
cultural encyclopedia of
knowledge, put Palestine
at the heart of the world
and placed the world at
the heart of Palestine.


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Page 11 THE SYRIAN-LEBANESE STAR March 2004

VIRGINIA / WASHINGTON


M oroccan Asilah continued from page 1


Moroccan northeast. It
has become a center for
tourism and summer
retreats; real estate prices
have skyrocketed, hotels
have been built, and
homes renovated in the
old, historic city, which
has become a living
museum for Arab-
Andalusian architecture.
The city received the Aga
Khan Award for
Architecture twice during
the 80s. However, first
and foremost asilah is a
cultural center, an Arab
and international capital
for literature and art.
Eminent artists have
visited the city from
Leopold Sedar Sengor,
the great Senegali poet
who gave his name to one
of its streets, to the
Congolese poet Tchicaya
U Tam'si, who has been
honored since his death
with a prize for African
literature in his name, to
the Brazilian writer
George Amadou who
celebrated his 80th
birthday in Asilah, nine
years prior to his death.
Of course many great
Arab poets, literary
figures, artists and
musicians have visited,
from Mahmoud Darwish


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to Adonis, Tayeb Salih,
Buland al-Haydari, Munir
Bashir, and Emile Habibi.
Asilah has experienced a
wild adventure that no
one expected would
blossom and transform
the quiet village into a
roaring legend.
(Mahmoud Darwish, the
great Palestinian poet,
came to Asilah for the
first time in the 80s riding
a donkey because there
were no paved roads to
connect the train station
to the village). It all
began 25 years ago when
Mohammed Ben-Issa and
Mohammed al-Melehi, a
celebrated fine artist, both
natives of Asilah,
launched the Asilah
Cultural Festival. Melehi
lured to his city, which
lies 40 kilometers away
from the cosmopolitan
Tangier, a number of
Moroccan and Arab fine
artists such as Moroccan
Farid Belkahia and
Mohammad Cheba,
Berlin-based Syrian
Marwan Qassab Bashi,
and Sudanses
Muhammad Omar Khalil,
who lives in the United
_States. They proceeded
to paint the white lime
walls of the old Medina,


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transforming it to an
open-air art gallery.
Mohammad ben-Issa, on
the other hand, has served
in several official .posts.
He was the Moroccan
minister of culture,
prompting a renaissance
during his term, then.
became the Moroccan
ambassador to the United
States, and currently is
the foreign minister. The
title most precious to his
heart however, is that of
mayor of Asilah, which
he has turned into a
capital of art and culture.
Mohammad ben=Issa
and his colleagues in the
Al-Mouhit Association
bet on culture as a means
of development and won.
Asilah thrives every
summer as Moroccan
vacationers, fleeing the
summer heat and
yearning for art and
culture, overflow beyond
the walls of the old city
towards the Atlantic coast
in the direction of
Tangier. Asilah also hosts
Spanish, French, Italian,
African and American
guests, truly becoming a


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cosmopolitan city.
People intermingle with
paintings and sculptures
as if they were dear
friends, for art is set out
in the places of everyday
life. On the sea cliff, at
the time of the evening
stroll, the observer sees
nothing but huge crowds
of people reveling in the
festivities. No wonder
the French writer, Jean
Genet, chose to stay in
nearby Larache.
The walls of Asilah, a
Portuguese protectorate,
still stand on the
shoulder of the ocean. If
you cross the main gate
from the direction of the
Casbah going uphill, you
arrive at the Hassan II
Center for International
Encounters, which
became an actual
cultural center in the 90s,
hosting exhibits,
meetings, conferences,
and artistic evenings.
Then after passing Al-
Qamra Square, which
hosted open-air shows a
few years back, you

continued on page 12


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Page 12 THE SYRIAN-LEBANESE STAR March 2004

ALABAMA / TENNESSEE


Moroccan Asilah continued from page 11


would reach Ibn
Khaldoun Square, which
leads directly to
Raissouni Palace.
If Asilah has a symbolic
monument, it is no doubt
Raissouni Palace. This
space illustrates the
history of this northern
Moroccan city, lounging
behind its walls on the
edge of the ocean, and
represents an
architectural model lush
with the wealth of
Moroccan heritage and
the spirit of Arab-
Andalusian architecture.
The lord of the city built
this palace when he
decided to seek
independence from


Portugal. Eventually the
El-Mouhit Association,
which organizes the
celebrated Asilah
Festival, settled in it.
This association, in the
past few years, renamed
itself the Asilah Forum
Institute, and the
building's name has
changed over the years to
the Palace of Culture.
Mohammad ben-Issa, the
city's mayor, threw its
doors wide open to artists
and writers, who in turn
labeled it "the model
city". Every year they
come to participate in the
ateliers of painting and
sculpture.
Numerous spirits


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continue to float in the
hallways of Raissouni
Palace, moving between
the courtyards and the
rooms redolent with
memories and passions.
These walls, which are
decorated with mosaics
and plaster engravings,
have embraced
adventures, gatherings,
experiments, and rare
artistic moments. In the
ateliers of the palace,
hundreds of Moroccan,
Arab, European,
American, and African
artists have worked side-
by-side and endowed
their creations to Asilah,
which today houses the
biggest collection of fine
art in the Arab world.
When the palace closed a
few years back due to the
deterioration of the
antique and historic
structure, the festival-
goers mourned and were
anxious about the future,
for Asilah is not Asilah
without its palace. But
the city that bestowed the
privilege of "citizenship"
upon the most prominent
Arab writers, thinkers,


and artists celebrated the
20th anniversary of the
festival by reopening the
palace after meticulous
restorations. In addition,
a large modern library
designed by the
Moroccan architect
Rashid al-Andalusi
opened its doors last year.
Fine arts thus gloriously
returned to the festival.
The white lime walls of
the old medina hosted a
number of' new artists
who continued a
longstanding tradition
that gave the Asilah
Festival its unique
character. they painted
their new murals, as
Melehi, al-Bahjouri,
Chiba, Belkahia, al-
Miloudi and Rahhoul did
before them, turning this
modest fishing town into
an open-air gallery. The
rebirth of the town was
induced by a moment of
interplay between sheer
art-beyond elitism-and
the people ofAsilah. The
idea that their homes
would become a center

continued on page 16


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Page 13 THE SYRIAN-LEBANESE STAR March 2004

TEXAS


Future Events
continued from pg. 3

We read in Luke 19:43-
44: For the days shall
come upon thee, that
thine enemies shall lay
thee even with the
ground, and thy children
within thee; and they
shall not leave in thee one
stone upon another;
because thou newest not
the time of thy visitation."

The Seven Greatest Signs
of the End Times you be
the judge. 1st sign the
amazing Jew

a. They are back in their
own land.

b. They are 'a millstone
around the necks of the
nations of the world.

c. They came back in
their land in unbelief.


d. They speak
language. A
people revived
'language.


a dead
revived
a dead


e. The Jew is looking for
the Messiah.

f. They came out of
Germany and Russia.
Jeremiah 23:8: "But, The

Lord liveth, which
brought up and which led
the seed of the house of
Israel out of the north
country, and from all
countries whither I had
driven them; and they
shall dwell in their own
land."

2nd sign Russia and
Communism

a. A nation directly north
of Israel will think to
attack in the latter years
(the last 3 1/2 of the
tribulation period) and
they will attack in the
latter days. Ezekiel 38: 8,
16: "After many days
thou shalt be visited: in
the latter years thou shalt
come into the land that is
brought back from the
sword, and is gathered
out of many people,
against the mountains of


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been
it is
f the
shall
hem.
e up


left to otner people, but it
shall break in pieces and
consume all these
kingdoms, and it shall
stand forever."


Israel, which have
always waste: but
brought forth out o:
nations, and they
dwell safely all of.t
And thou shalt com
against my people
Israel, as a cloud to c
the land; it shall be i
latter days, and I
bring thee against
land, that the hea
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eyes."

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communism are
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Page 14 THE SYRIAN-LEBANESE STAR March 2004

NEW MEXICO / TEXAS


Niemeyer
cont. from pg. 5
Antonio, TX, Edwina
Saba (husband, John
Saba, Sr.) of Dallas, TX,
and Lanie Karam of San
Antonio, TX; numerous
other relatives; and many
caring friends. She was
preceded in death by her
parents and Phillip
Edward Niemeyer, Sr.

Gene possessed an
elegant demeanor, a
loving heart, and a
courageous spirit. She
inspired and charmed all
who knew her.
Manziel
cont. from pg. 5
famed Hawkins Field, as
well as discovering many
other fields in the East
Texas area. At the time of
his death in 1956, the
couple had almost
completed construction
of the largest air-
conditioned indoor sports
arena in the state of
Texas. Following his
death, Dorothy carried on


and expanded -the
business, being active in
commercial real estate
ventures, ranching, oil
exploration development
and production,
participating in drilling as
many as 50 wells per
year. The Dallas Hard
hatters honored her as one
of the top 10 oil
entrepreneurs in the East
Texas area.
Dorothy Nolan Manziel
was a member of the
Texas independent
Producers and Royalty
Owners Association and
the Independent
Petroleum Association of
America. She was a
member of the Tyler
Petroleum Club, where
she served on the Board
of Directors. Dorothy
was also a long time
member of Willow Brook
Country Club, Hollytree
Country Club, the Order
of the Rose, and Ducks
Unlimited, where she was
awarded "Sportsman of
the Year".
Dorothy was a committed
member of the Cathedral


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of the Immaculate
Conception, the Catholic
Daughters of America,
and the Bishop's Guild of
the Diocese of Tyler. She
was a past member of the
Altar Society and she
generously established
the Dorothy N. Manziel
Scholarship, benefiting
the Tyler Catholic School
Foundation. Dorothy was
a charter member of the
Cedars of Lebanon Club
in Tyler, and was
instrumental in the
establishment and
organization of the club,
where she held many
offices. She was the first
woman to serve on the
Board of Directors of the
Southern Federation of
Syrian Lebanese Clubs.
Last. year, Dorothy was
awarded a lifetime
achievement award for
her generous 27-year
contribution to their
scholarship program,
where she established the
Deborah Lynn Manziel
Scholarship in memory of
.her granddaughter.
Dorothy was one of the


early volunteers for
ALSAC, which helped
entertainer Danny
Thomas fund and create
the world-famous St.
Jude Children's Research
% Hospital in Memphis,
Tenn. She was a proud
and longtime member of
the American Association
of University Women.
She served 29 years on
the Board of Directors of
the First National Bank of
Quitman, and was
privileged to have served
10 years on the Mother
Frances Hospital
Foundation Board. She
was a past president of
the East Texas Chapter of
the LSU Alumni
Association.
Dorothy will be
remembered as a woman
of incredible strength,
intelligence and beauty.
She was a loyal friend to
so many and everyone
whose lives she touched
was struck by her
fortitude and selflessness.
Her family was central to

continued on pg 15


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Page 15 THE SYRIAN-LEBANESE STAR March 2004

COLARADO / UTAH


Manziel
cont. from pg. 14
her life, and she was a
pillar of strength to her
six children, 21
grandchildren, and 18
great-grandchildren, who
lovingly knew her as
"Mama Dot".
Dorothy is survived by
her children, Bobby Joe
Manziel and wife Debra,
Nolan Edward Manziel
and wife Edna, Norman
Paul Manziel and wife
Tammie, Merigale
Manziel Pyron of Tyler,
Dottie Manziel Frank and
husband Bill of Houston,
and Vicki Manziel Health
of Dallas; two sisters,
Joyce Nolan
Westmoreland and Rita
Nolan Dakmak of Baton
Rouge; three brothers,
Eugene Nolan, Joseph
Lee Nolan, Charles Nolan
and wife Toni, all of
Baton Rouge;


grandchildren, Bobby Joe
Manziel III, -Lisa
Manziel, Michael
Manziel and wife
Melissa, Jayne Manziel,
Mary Sue Cooper and
husband Henry, Jennifer
Chlapek and husband
Paul, Lyndee Lynn
Manziel, Beth Spence
and husband Gary,
Noland Manziel Jr. and
wife Kelly, Cathy
Ramsey and husband
Steve, John Paul Manziel
and wife Michelle,
Bridgette Hooper and
husband Harley, Merilyn
Hartley, Shelley Simpson
and husband John,
Rhonda Overbergen and
husband Todd, Billy
Pyron II, Jennifer Frank,
Jeremy Frank, Brandon
Heath and Wesley Heath.
Other family inembers
included: Gloria Manziel
Saleh, Philip Saleh, Mark
Saleh, Paul Saleh, David
Saleh, and Ann Duffey


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and husband Steve.
Dorothy is also survived
by her great-
grandchildren, many
nieces and nephews,, and
her very special friend,
Edmond Schaded.
Her parents, Joseph and
Victoria Nolan; and her
husband Bobby Joseph
Manziel, Sr.; her
granddaughter, Deborah
Lynn Manziel; her
brother N.J. Nolan, and
her sisters, Anna Belle
Nolan Samaha and Irene
Nolan Keng, preceded
Dorothy in death. The
Mass of Christian Burial
was celebrated
September 11 at the
Cathedral of Immaculate
Conception.


Tourism
cont. from pg. 1

Using 1995 as a base,
with 12.4m arrivals this
represents a 7.1%
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against a world average
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tourism, some 2.2% in
1995 will increase to
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Middle East accounted
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worldwide total of 474bn
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Page 16 THE SYRIAN-LEBANESE STAR March 2004

ARIZONA / NEVADA


cont. from pg. 5
chile, poker and fun;
Our Holiday Gala is now
being i planned for
December and is always
the i hilight of the year.
Tammy and Tommy
Ashker are chairing this
event which looks to be
filled with fun and
excitement for all. Be
sure to let us know when
you are in i Memphis! We
would love to share the
fun with you.




cont. from pg. 5
held and asked one to
support it.
Rose Zwan reported on
the meeting held by the
Houston Affiliate on Sept.
21.President of the
Houston Affiliate, George
Korkmas called the
meeting for the purpose of
having the members
decide whether or not to
place a bid for the 2006
convention. Houston, in
the past, has always
hosted the convention for
the Federation every fifth
year.After some
discussion the members
voted to send in a deposit
and a bid for the 2006
convention which will be
the 75th anniversary of the
Federation. The clubs
composing the Houston
Affiliate will then decide
later on a convention and


committee chairmen.
Discussion was also held
on a Super Bowl party in
conjunction with a dinner
and j casino party. Also on
the agenda was a
discussion on inviting.
President of the
Federation James Moises
to visit Houston and the
form of entertaining him.
The Cedars held its annual
election of officers:
Elected were:
President
Mrs. Najah Khouri

Vice President
Mrs. Rose Zwan

Secretary
Mrs. Barbara Farah
Treasurer
Fernando Farah

Historian
Mrs. Jerri Wasaff

Outgoing President is
Les Lewis

The next monthly meeting
was held on Nov. 1 at the'
home of Mrs. Rose Zwan
at which time the newly
elected officers were
installed by George
Korkmas Vice President
of the Federation. After
the meeting adjourned, the
members enjoyed visiting
with each other.
Middle Eastern Heritage
Club
Submitted by Michael
Mansur
The Middle Eastern
Heritage Club of Houston
had a dinner and meeting
on a beautiful first
Saturday night of
November at Fadi's


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Mediterranean Cafe.
Those who attended were
treated to a delicious
Lebanese cuisine and
entertainment by our own
duo team of little Michael
and Laura Anawaty,
children of club members
Denise and Rocky
Anawaty. Yes, the smell of
fresh kibbee balls, the
taste of tangy grape leaves
and piping hot, just our of
the oven Pita bread,
warmed our noses and
tickled our taste buds. Qn
the agenda of President
Penny Corbin was the
planning of a Christmas
party and 'Superbowl
party. Great ideas were
given by Emely Salemie
who volunteered her
home. She also suggested
a caravan of club
members to a sighseeing
expedition of Christmas
lights during the holiday
season. Emely's guest,
Andre, suggested the
development of a club
website and volunteered
his services. Our members
all enjoyed the evening of
good food and good
friends. We ended our
evening by congratulating
Dalila and Michael Manur
for their first wedding
anniversary, wishing them
many more years of love
and happiness.


Moroccan Asilah
continued from page 12
that draws the attention of
the entire world would
have been unthinkable
two decades earlier. But
in those two decades, the
town has won the Aga,
Khan prize twice, and
intellectuals flock to it to
discuss maters of culture,
economy, development,
art and politics in an
environment of freedom
dialogue, and respect for
the right to differ.
In Asilah, the nostalgia
of the elders is marked by
nights ablaze with
celebrations,
conversations, debates,
temptations, joys and
projects. You hear of
names long gone, names
that fashioned the glory
of Asilah, names of poets
and artists. Some have
been lost in obscurity, and
some are gone for good
like Tchicaya U Tam'si,
Buland al-Haydari, emile
Habibi, Munir Bashir,
- Louis Awad, Mohammed
Aziz al-Hababi, Salah
Ahmad Ibrahim- and
Mohammed Zafzaf.
Those who feel a sense of

continued on pg 17


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Page 17 THE SYRIAN-LEBANESE STAR March 2004

ARIZONA /NEVADA


Lady Bug
continued from page 3
Atlantic seaboard. Five
years later the German
emperor .forbade the
importation of American
fruits and living plants'.
Finding an antidote
In the meantime the
Department of
Agriculture had its
specialists launch a
counterattack. They tried
a variety of pesticides,
but with little success.
Orange trees were dying
by the hundreds of
thousands.
Mr. C.V. Riley, chief
entomologist of the
Department of
Agriculture, suggested
that aphids could be
controlled by introducing
other insects which would
prey on them. In 1890
such a proposal seemed
radical and preposterous,
and drew scoffs even
from close associates.
)jut that did not daunt
C.V. Riley. Working


against indifference and
opposition, he was
determined to find a
creature to attack the
aphids devastating the
citrus trees of the nation.
He learned that aphids
caused little harm in
Australia, and concluded
that some natural enemy
was keeping them under
control.
Mr. Albert Koebele was
dispatched to discover
that foe of plant lice, and
concluded that a variety
-of the harmless ladybird
beetle was the antidote.
Gathering ladybirds from
Australian plants by
hand, Koebele. shipped
140 of these plant-saving
beetles to an associate in
Los Angeles. When set
free in an infested orange
grove on trees covered
with .gauze screens, the
ladybird liberators
cleared these trees of
scale within a few days.
More ladybirds were
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them in wholesale
quantities. In California
groves they brought
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Following this success,
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Moroccan Asilah
continued from page 16
nostalgia or anxiety over
the changes in Asilah
need only to stroll down
from the Al-Houma Gate
and wander down the
alleys. If you pass by the
comer of Sidi Mohmmed
ben Marzouk, turn left
and walk in the direction
of the Sidi Mansour Wall.
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the motif of the festival
and the city, and reflect
on life. Perhaps then it is
time to descend from Al-
Bahr Gate at the
Sebastian tower, which
has been renovated, to sit
before a cup of tea in the
Fishermen's Caf6
smoking, listening to the'
blind singer and watching
the sunset. After all, isn't
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Page 18 THE SYRIAN-LEBANESE STAR March 2004

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA


continued from pg. 9
It also sponsored
translations of important
works from Western
literature into Arabic, and
vice versa. In addition, the
club cooperated and
exchanged ideas with other
literary associations that
shared its aims, whether in
Syria or in neighboring
Arab countries. The club
organized literary
presentations and
competitions in order to
motivate -and encourage
"burgeoning intellectuals.
Although the writers and
the activities of the club
could not directly address
questions of politics and
religion, the club's
intellectual gatherings
nonetheless addressed
important social and
national concerns.
When the political union
between Syria and Egypt


ended in 1961, al-Hafez's
club was closed down.
Consequently she moved
to Cairo in order to revive it
there. The Egyptians
welcomed al-Hafez's move
to Cairo. The writer Nashat
al-Taghlebi wrote in the
Egyptian newspaper, -Al
Akhbar: "It pleases me that
the Sakina Club has
reopened in Cairo after it
was closed down in
Damascus. Thuraya al-
Hafez, the founder of this
club, has imprinted it with
her Arab Nationalist
sentiment." In another
article titled "In the salon of
an Arab activist" in the
magazine, Muslim Youth,
we read: "The literary,
artistic, and political salon
that beloved Damascus
once knew and appreciated
for its influence on the
intellectual, national, and


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-Ramzi, who was treasurer
of the Sakina Club: "A
socially responsible
republic was born in al-
Hafez's mind long before it
was set down in laws and
regulations."
-Women's Literary Salons:
Then and Now
A brief coimpai is:on
between the lierar\ salons


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of pioneer women
intellectuals such .as al-
Hafez with the salons that
were established later in the
1990s, such as those of
Hanan Nijmeh, Ibtissam al-
Samadi, and Georgette
Attiyeh allows us to
appreciate more fully the
contributions of those
earlier women to the Arab
cultural scene in general
and the Syrian arena in
particular As already
noted, the early salons had
to contend with several
factors at once. The
intellectuals of that period
were concerned with
questions of Arab
nationalism at the same
time that they. were
responding to foreign
intellectual influences and
interference. At the time,
the cultural climate in
general "was closed in upon
itself, rejecting foreign
influences whatsoever.
Publishing one's work was
seen as insubordinate, and
translating foreign works
was regarded as betrayal.
Nonetheless, the salons
encouraged young
intellectuals both to publish
their own writings and to
continued on page 19


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Page 19 THE SYRIAN-LEBANESE STAR March 2004

CALIFORNIA


continued from pg. 18
translate works from
foreign languages to Arabic
and from Arabic into
foreign languages.
Moreover, opening a
literary salon and inviting a
mixed gathering of men
and women was not a
simple matter for the
women of the time, who
had to accommodate
societal restrictions while
staying true to their ideals
and beliefs. Thuraya al-
Hafez and her colleagues
are clear examples of such
pioneering women who
managed to forge new
ground from within
traditional constraints.
The cultural atmosphere
today, unlike that in al-
Hafez's time, is
characterized by
technological
developments and cultural
openness that easily
accommodate literary
salons. Along with the
trend for reviving cultural
heritage, presentations at
literary salons have become
commonplace alongside the
activities of literary
associations and
universities. Women
whose names are linked to
literary salons are
recognized as educated and
open-minded, without
regard for the type,


purpose, or social and
intellectual role of the salon
they join. Indeed, literary
salons have become so
popular that they have lost
their special luster; some
have become highly
selective, while others have
moved -far from the
mainstream. While a few
of the more recent women
leaders have tried to direct
the path of social
developments through
literary salons, their work
has been less central to
society as a wholethan the
work of their predecessors.
Circumstances have indeed
changed greatly from the
time of the early literary
women's salons in Syria.
Society has become much
more open now; the
Internet and cyberspace
have transformed the world
into a small village, making-
all sorts of information
available to all sorts of
people. It has fallen to the
individual to choose and
learn how to preserve his or
her identity in the face of
such an overwhelming flow
of information. The roles
of women's literary salons
in Syria, such as that played
by al-Hafez, has therefore,
out of necessity, changed
along with the changing
times.


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