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STHE SYRIAN-LEBANESE STAR AN INDEPENDENT MONTHLY SERVING AMERICANS OF ARABIC HERITAGE $15.00 SUBSCRIPTION Celebrating 40 Years ofService MEMBER ARAB-AMERICAN PRESS GUILD ESTABLISHED IN 1963 www.syrianlebanesestar.com In- an account of his travels to. Syria in 1987, Scott C. Davis not only introduces us to contemporary Syria, which, at the.. time of his initial journey, had just been named a "terrorist state" by the U.S. government, but also to the Syria of tradition, the crossroads of Western culture. The book is a gold mine of history and colorful snapshots of people and places. As a subject, Syria would stagger even the most intrepid reporter. Since colonial times in the Arab world, parochial nationalisms have been consolidated at the expense of more universal ones; in Davis' narrative, this tension is palpable in (continued on page 6) Turkey Wins New IMF Funds It may have been widely anticipated, but the IMF executive board's approval of US $12bn of. new funds for Turkey on February 4 still came as a relief in Ankara. The new stand-by agreement for 20022004 has been billed- as a direct response to the impact of September I I and disbursement is heavily front-loaded, with up to US $9bn available immediately. Though welcome, the funds will not be sufficient on their own to revitalise Turkey's ailing economy and there are justifiable fears that government will be unable to meet the tough targets for growth and inflation that it has set itself. (continued on page 10) Family Ties' Star Michael Gross joins Sting as Celebrity Presenter at Arab American Awards Gibran "Spirit of Humanity" Gala Promotes Understanding and Inclusion WASHINGTON The Arab American Institute Foundation (AAIF) is pleased to announce that Michael Gross, star of the hit sitcom "Family Ties" and frequent guest on "ER" and "Law & Order", will present a special award for "Outstanding Public Service" to Starz Encore Group, Ltd. and Brokaw, Inc. at the 2002 Kahlil Gibran "Spirit of Humanity" Awards Gala on April 10 at the (continued on page 13) An Odyssey in Syria The road from Damascus: A journey Through Syria Coming to America: Documenting Early Lebanese Immigrants Political Risk - Clinton Praises UAE Policy In what is a major boost for the UAE's international profile, former US president Bill Clinton praised the diplomatic and peace- keeping efforts of the government in the aftermath of September 11. Though Clinton has little impact over -.the Bush administration, his word still carries weight in Congress and this could presage yet closer relations between the US and UAE. Victims of Hate Crimes Receive Compensation Families and community centers in California, Ohio, Washington, D.C., Illinois, Maryland and Tennessee received checks from the (continued on page 12) President Clinton Holds Forum on Islam and America; AAI Speaks Out The William J. Clinton Presidential Foundation hosted a conference entitled, "Islam and America in a Global World," co-sponsored by the New York University School of Law and the (continued on page 12 Muslims Outraged by Government Raids On Thursday, March 21, leaders of major national American Muslim organizations held a news conference in Washington, D.C., to express their outrage over law enforcement raids on a number of Muslim offices and homes in Virginia and Georgia that the groups say amounted to a "violation" of their community. Targets of the raids included some of the most respected leaders and organizations (continued on page 8) Arab Delegations Visit Washington to "Set the Record Straight" While attending the World Economic Forum meetings in New York, several Arab delegations are making time to come to Washington, D.C. to meet with the Administration, Congress, media, policy groups and Arab Americans to discuss the current climate of their countries' relations with the United States. H.E. Mohammad Al-Sager, Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee of Kuwait's Parliament is leading a delegation of more than 10 Kuwaiti men and women. The delegation has been criticized by some of the Islamic press in Kuwait as being too secular and being too friendly with the (continued on page 12) My Vision by.Reza Pahlavi years ago. S When American bombs were raining down on what (continued on page 15) Increasingly disenchanted with the ruling regime of hard-line clerics, support for Reza Pahlavi - the man who advocates secular democracy is growing inside Iran. Prince Reza talks about his hopes for the homeland he was forced to flee moie than 20 w I 0 01 ! iU .. W ", r .. O < 0' C0 C - (5 ~cc C Moses' affection and admiration for resolve, nerve, courage and strength of first Lebanese immigrants evident throughout his book. To understand the history of the United States fully, we must learn tile story of immigration: how various nationalities - all Americans now - contributed to the building of this nation, while their ethnic backgrounds refract the multifaceted features of the-nation. John Moses, inI'his recent book "The Lebanese in America," makes, in important contribution to the history of immigration in this country. In chronicling the Lebanese immigration to the United States over the past 100 years, Moses plays his part in fulfilling XXXX #4 APRIL 2002 the Arnoldian mandate for "...men of culture..." to "...have -a passion for diffusing, for making prevail, for carrying from one end of society to the other, the best ideas of' their time." He has collected, compiled, preserved, and made available archival, statistical, and other (continued on page 8) Page 2 THE SYRIAN-LEBANESE STAR April 2002 Antonio Mahfoud, who was recently named president and CEO of Eisman and Russo in Jacksonville, has been fixing things since he was a teenager. "If I would see a broken radio, I'd look into it and see if I could fix it," he said. "If there was a curve in the road, I'd wonder why it curved and if it should be fixed." This tendency led him to a career in civil engineering. Born in Venezuela, Mahfoud moved with his family to Lebanon when he was 7. He attended high school at the College can fix it des Freres Catholic Missionaries in Beirut and moved to Florida in 1982. Four years later, he earned a bachelor's in civil engineering from the University of Central Florida in Orlando. After college, Mahfoud worked as a design engineer with Reynolds Smith and Hills, then joined Eisman and Russo as project manager He was promoted to design production manager and senior vice president. Mahfoud is a member of the Mandarin Rotary Club, the American Public Works Association, the Institute of Transportation Engineers and the board of directors of the American Society of Highway Engineers. Mahfoud is certified in highway capacity analysis, advanced work zone traffic control, (continued on page. 21)_ Youssef Chahine's Latest Film Takes New, Romantic Turn 7 3 - ,. Like many of his previous films, Youssef Chahine's most recent, "Sukkout Hansawwar" (Silence, We're Shooting), has been the subject of much discussion and speculation, particularly about his apparent abandonment of realism, the autobiographical, the political, and the intellectual. Because of this, critics wonder if he has favored the sensational and purely entertaining, but the 74- year-old Chahine dismisses most criticisms and has a new take on his latest film. "Silence, We're Shooting," Chahine's 38th film, received a generous allotment of publicity during its twoyear production. The publicity stemmed from Chahine's heart problems, which sent him to the hospital several times for critical medical procedures. Although some critics see "Silence, We're Shooting" as a complete departure from autobiography, one of the film's characters, a director played by Zaki Fatin Abd: al Wahhab, is (continued on page 21) A GOURMET CHEESECAKE BAKERY WHOLESALE & RETAIL OVER 60 FLAVORS OF CHEESECAKE CUSTOMIZED CHEESECAKES FOR ANY OCCASION 904-696-9412 FAX 904-714-1166 JACKSONVILLE, FL Best Wishes From Armstrong Insurance Management Auto Home Business RV's Mobile Homes 737-5048 1631 University Blvd.W. Jacksonville, FL If it's broken, Jacksonville's Orange Park's SHADES Nightclub _ Offers Young People Plenty of Music & Fun. Make Plans Now To Visit Them (904) 276-1956 1980 Wells Rd. 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I will call upon the LORD, who is worthy to be praised: so shall I be saved from mine enemies. In my distress I called upon the LORD, and cried unto my God: he heard my voice out of his temple, and my cry came before him, even into his ears. Then the earth shook and trembled; the foundations also of the hills moved and were shaken, because he was wroth. There went up a smoke out of his nostrils, and fire out of his mouth devoured: coals were Rev. Fred Massabni kindled by it. He bowed the heavens also, and came down: and darkness was under his feet. Chapter 19: The heavens declare the glory of God; and the firmament sheweth his handywork. Day unto day uttereth speech, and night unto night sheweth knowledge. The law of the LORD is perfect, converting the soul: the testimony of the LORD is sure, making wise the simple. The statutes of the LORD are right, rejoicing the heart: (continued on page 23) Cotmprr FrnhCusn "Rfetn Th Bes The Sesn Have To Offer * Recipient of the 2000 DiRoNa Award * Voted One of Area's Top 25 * Voted Most Romantic Restaurant in N.E. Flori( 60 Hypolita St. Historic Downtown St. Augustine Visit our web site at www.laparisienne.comn * Voted Best Fine Dining in St. Augustine * Award-Winning Escargot & Vishysoisse Ja Lunch l la.m.-3p.m. Closed Wednesday Dinner 5p.m.-Until Thursday-Saturday Dressy casual Attire Reservations Appreciated DON'T TRASH IT! CASH IT! Let your old newspapers make money for your. church, school or other non-profit organization. Call 354-1669 to find out how... 904-354-1669 Recycle Today for a Better Tomorrow! Jacksonville Division: 955 Talleyrand Ave. Jacksonville, FL 32206 UWVAP OL The Melkite Icons Though fie did not deviate radically from the traditional Byzantine approach to icons, Nemeh preferred a stylized naturalism. His angels and women have more pronounced oval heads than in Byzantine painting. His young people have rounded faces; and his men possess large heads with bulging foreheads, prominent cheekbones and hollow cheeks. While the noses retain the Byzantine slenderness, Nemeh's saints have tile fine almond-shaped and heavily-lashed eyes found among Arabic people. Moreover, he personalized his icons with alternating green and red borders covered with gold decoration. The influence of the Aleppo School endured RFU041068 $1 00 FFF RADIO DISPATCHED $ W* 264-9621 ANY SERVICE CALL DURING NORMAL HOURS MON-FRI EXCLUDING CONTRACT & QUOTED PRICES NOT VALID WITH ANY OTHER OFFER ONE COUPON PER CUSTOMER. PER ITEM. THANK YOU! Meekness, or Living In Peace Arabic word 'Hudna' or 'Haun' is translated in English as Meekness. As of its Arabic root, it means 'to refrain from inflicting bodily harm to another person.' And consequently, establishing conditions of 'peace on earth.' Living in, as well as establishing 'peace on earth' is no doubt a high moral quality and, as such, indispensable for mankind. Being 'meek,' that is 'to live peacefully,' then is a blessing for humanity. And must be cherished for the great good that proceeds from it. The natural impulse, corresponding to this moral quality, the regulation of which By Dr. Qazi Muhammad Barkatullah converts it into a moral condition, is witnessed in an infant in the form of affection and attachment. It is evident that devoid of wisdom, a man or a woman cannot comprehend the essence of 'peace and war.' So the attachment that a child exhibits is in fact the quality of peacefulness that is deep rooted in mankind. Inasmuch as the quality of peace in a child is not deliberate, that is acquired by choice or wisdom, it cannot be classified as a moral quality. In other words the (continued on page 25) By Brother John Samaha, S.M. until the late eighteenth century with an astonishing continuity and abundance. Shukrallah ibn Yuwakim of Aleppo, Kyrillos al- Dimashki, and some anonymous painters of the Basilian order of monks followed Nemeh's facial types, ornamental (continued on page 24) CAROL'S FAMILY CHILDCARE Walk-in & part time are welcomed in my safe & loving Christian home. Here they will learn skills of development, motorskills, games, arts & crafts, and assistance in homework. Transportation provided for school runs, also before: & afterschool care. Ages 4 wks. 8 yrs. old. Hours 6:00 a.m. 6:00 p.m. Lic. #044958 Home: 904-379-9048 Cell: 904-537-3521 Jacksonville, FL A-Affordable Air Specializing In Replacement of Existing Systems Save With A New Energy Efficient Unit Ask About Our 10 Year Warranty Free 2nd Opinion On Compressor Replacement Serving All of Jacksonville & Clay County Visa M/C AmEx Discover 771-0550 State Lic. CAC42762 Jacksonville. FL M.J. 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The CIS is convinced that failures in immigration control Suspicions contributed to theterr6fist attacks of September 11. We disagree. One could argue that better intelligence could have thwarted the hijackers' plan, or better security in the aircraft, but the criminals of September I I had a systematic and deliberate plan that took advantage of our system. That does not mean the system is broken. To confuse the need to prevent terrorist acts with the challenge of limiting illegal immigration is a conflation of the worst sort. It is also bad policy. The tools needed to fight terrorism are many. For those tools to work, they must be focused on those who pose a real threat, not on all persons in or (continued on page 26) Ashcroft Fails to Address Arab American Concerns Response Only Further Washington The Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights Ralph Boyd has now responded to Arab American concerns regarding comments attributed to Attorney General John Ashcroft. In his letter, Mr. Boyd said, - 'We- can assure you that the remarks ... do not accurately reflect the Attorney General's views." The letter goes on to Correctly note the many significant outreach efforts. that the Department of Justice's Civil Rights division has engaged in since September 11. While we have always recognized and lauded the constructive efforts made Confuses Issue by the C11711 Rights division, we are concerned that the letter does not constitute a response by the Attorney General. The letter neither clarifies the issue nor does it include a clear repudiation of the remarks attributed to Attorney General Ashcroft. 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Salutes Our Syrian and Lebanese Customers and Friends. Look for our network of Cas Advantage Dealers for installaoton aind sentrce of your gas applia,.ces Call us today about energy conservation programs. In Jacksonville, call (904) 739-1211 ext. 356 or, Toll-free 1-888-TECO-820 Contact TECO on the web at www.tecoenergy.com R1 1"E" 110-P Pi Page 5 -THE SvYRI -LEBANEESETAh --------- --- ------- ------- Aprrir2002- The Star is published once per month by A.M. Coplan. The Star is an independent monthly serving Americans of Syrian and Lebanese heritage for over 35 years. MEMBER ARAB-AMERICAN PRESS GUILD The Syrian-Lebanese Star Publisher and Editor...A. M. Coplan For Advertising Information Write P.O.Box 5545 Jacksonville, Florida 32247 Phone (904) 737-6996 Postmaster-send change of address to the above address Please send your letters, news stories, pictures and club activities to The Editor's Desk. 4251 University Blvd. S., Suite 201, Jacksonville, Florida 32216 Subscription Rate: $15.00 per year Laila Shawa, Still shaking people up Born the daughter of a wealthy family in Gaza, Laila Shawa was eight years old when the state of Israel. was declared. Gaza's population quadrupled virtually overnight. Cramped refugee camps were established which eventually became permanent fixtures. Farmers lost access to grazing lands in the Negev. Gaza's new Egyptian rulers imposed martial law, and deposed Laila's Cambridge- educated uncle as. mayor. Her father, Rashad, an active nationalist .and former deputy high commissioner for Haifa, was jailed for 'high J j ',, ,,, g, f 0j t 1I A P2 .... 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In fact, Davis' simplicity and the sincerity of his style are something of a fabrication part of the fabric of the book. We recall this is the book of a builder, a man of action, but what we see is a sort of fool, dimly aware that he is an actor in his own play, a play he is writing day by day. Indeed, this is not so much an account of Scott Davis in Syria as an account of Scott Davis trying to write a book about himself in Syria: himself as intrepid traveler, cultural connoisseur, hopeful American and as nothing like that at all a self stripped naked and howling at the moon. Like most good travel writers, Davis reveals as much about his own culture as about Syrian life Take for example an evening spent in Dreykish, "famous for its pure, sweet water," where he met an Alawite woman named Fatima, "dark- haired, fairskinned, buxom," with whom he has an awkward reunion in 2001. Fatima and her family "I liked these gentle,. lively people and allowed myself to think that I was one of them" - provide him a sort of epiphany, a revelation of what it is he has been seeking. The movement of (continued on page 7) 1 0-296820 OPEN 6 DAYS A WEEK Mon-Fri 9-6 Sat 9-5 1 35 N. BROAD ST. IGNS For all your sign needs call... 904-353-8120 SPECIALIZING IN: * Political Signage Screen Printing Oversized Banners * Handicapped & Traffic Signs Construction Site Signs Movie Props & Theme Displays WE INSTALL IT ALL! FREE DELIVERY Jacksonville, FL A NORMAN'S FENCE CO. Specializing In: Residential Commercial Industrial Chain or Wood 904-7,B-0845 Lic./Insured - Page 7 .. .... .-. ... THE-SYRJAN-LEBANESE STAR -, ... ..... .. ....... April.2002 " Odyssey (continued from page 6) the passage from sociology to the realm of cultural values and, finally, to personal style is compelling. "This evening was possible because, Syria, in 1987, was a place where people held jobs that ended each day and allowed them to come home from work and talk to one another. It was a quiet place where conversation, wit, and repartee were celebrated, where present company did its best to represent the world instead of referring all questions to specialists, where electronic entertainment canned music or video was Dot allowed to diminish living voices and gestures, where all attention turned to insight, humor, and offhand eloquence." We find "insight, humor, and offhand eloquence" on every page of this book. Flashbacks and flashforwards frequently break into -the narrative, often in the words of Syrian friends who comment on the inadequacies of Davis' mind and art. Davis often plays the straight man, and these interludes are sources of wisdom and humor. Indeed, the prose style, generally plain and occasionally stiff (as if in parody of American ingenuousness), gains luminosity and flexibility from ironic selfrepresentation. Text- book historical thumbnails yield to eyewitness reporting of charm and insight. The pace, at times as wavering as the traveler's sense of purpose, gradually picks up. as the pattern of interwoven themes becomes clearer. What distinguishes the writing is, the author's double awareness of his own simplicity and his capacity for transcending himself to skillfully represent his own spiritual education. If Scott Davis' trio is a kind of descent ...because any day can be a Local & Worldwide Delivery Call 24 Hours a Day i, Teleflora FTD All Major Credit Cards Accepted into the hell of a self- sufficient American self, his book is his Virgil, his true if limited guide. The book not only records the journey, but it makes the true journey possible. 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Davis compares Muslims Outraged (continued from page 1) in the American Muslim community, including the International Institute of Islamic Thought, the Graduate School of Islamic Social Sciences, the Muslim World League and the Fiqh Council of North America. Media reports indicate that law enforcement Immigrants (continued from page 1) published resources on the origins, assimilation, and cultural integration of the Lebanese community into American society. For Lebanese Americans and, indeed, for all Americans who are interested in the Lebanese past and their these pictures to his Silva compass, his Lowe expedition pack, his Goretex cagoule: "I hoped, a little foolishly, that these pieces of matter would help me ascend a agencies served 14 search warrants in northern Virginia and one in Georgia. No one was arrested. The raids involved 150 law enforcement officers from a group created by the Treasury Department after the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks. Agencies involved, in the raids included Customs, Secret Service, contributions, this little book presents a wealth of information. Moses focuses specifically on Lebanese - rather than Arab- Americans. "The Lebanese in America" is about the. tides of Lebanese who left Mount Lebanon during the Professional Service for Professional People Leather Suedes Furs Shirt Laundry Alterations Draperies Cleaned Wedding Gowns Mon-Fri 7am-6pm Sat 9am-1pm We Recycle Hangers and Plastic Dry Cleaning Bags Quality Our Community Can Depend On 20% DISCOUNT WITH AD 4217 NW 16th Blvd. Gainesville, FL Milhopper Square in front of Publix ACTIVE MOBILITY CENTER Sales Service Rentals Scooters Wheelchairs Lift Chairs Auto & Van Lift Romps Free In-Home Demonstration Competitive Rates Insurance Assistance Medicare & Medicaid Filing We Bill Insurance (407) 331-3303 102 Live Oaks Blvd. Casselberry, FL summit of soul and spirit." Ascend it he does - but during the process it seems more like a descent. Davis triumphs ironically as a writer of this curiously wrought Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, FBI, the Immigration and Naturalization Service and U.S. Postal Service. Groups sponsoring the near news conference say. harassment of respected Islamic institutions and families sends a hostile and chilling message to the American Muslim community and repressive Ottoman Empire before World War I and crossed borders and oceans for lands unknown. They- were escaping persecution and and ultimately convincing voyage of the spirit down and out and eventually back to his own world where he will feel, thankfully, forever after a little bit Syrian. contradicts President Bush's repeated assertions that the war against terrorism is not a conflict with Islam, They also say the targets of these raids deserve the presumption of innocence and have the right to learn what allegations, if any, the government used as the basis for their search warrants.. desperate conditions, apprehensive but full of hope and faith. 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Many of them began as door-to-door peddlers, traveling the country, hawking their wares from-Manhattan to the dirt roads of Iowa and beyond, selling clothes and other necessities to remote farms. It was strenuous work and required long hours of walking, carrying a heavy suitcase of merchandise, usually bedspreads, shirts, combs, and brushes. It was as hard as the work they had left behind, but in America they discovered a robust sense of challenge and fulfillment in boundless opportunity. An early Lebanese immigrant once proposed that a statue be erected to the dauntless Lebanese peddler. Moses records many legends about the Lebanese peddler, but I would be most interested to find out how he became renowned for his ability to "make a wine cellar out of one grape," Paul Bunyan, move over! There is a lot of information in these 87 pages 100 years of anecdotes, analyses, and archival material. Moses shares with us many stories of successful Lebanese in all walks of life, including tales of his own family. It is a valiant effort at "transmitting the past to future generations," and it is helpful for quick references. Who among LIS has not felt the special thrill of discovering original documents and frayed photographs portraying the lives Of our ancestors? The chance to touch something they touched, to see what they saw or, perhaps, how they were seen has a unique power and immediacy, even intimacy. Reading Moses' book has some of that thrill about it. In some respects, it is reminiscent of conversations with our collective Jiddis about the entrepreneurial Feats of our ancestors who came to this land in search of a better life. The faces in the photographs speak to us. We begin to appreciate the obstacles our parents faced as new immigrants: learning a foreign language, coping with solitude and pangs of nostalgia for tile homeland they knew and loved, braving tile new environment and, perhaps, worst of all, suffering hurtful stereotypes and discri mi nation. However, we are left craving details about these early Lebanese interesting characters all, their mores, routes, clashes and communions with tile American buyer, learning English in their illimitable way, and their final settlements.off tile road. Was the Lebanese immigrant really unique? The portrait that emerges from these pages is that of a good, proud, fiercely independent yet gregarious, affable family person struggling to make the most of opportunities. They maintained awareness of ancestral origins through the institution of the family, preserving ties to the "old country" by sending financial support or sponsoring relatives to join them. Moses' affection and admiration for the resolve, the nerve, the courage and the strength of the first Lebanese immigrants is evident throughout the book. It is possible to (continued on page 10) ESTATE PLANNING, PROBATE & WILLS JASON WARSHOFKSY, P.A. Masters In Tax Law 305-446-1244 301 Almeria Ave., Suite 105 Coral Gables, FL Flexible Hours Available ESTATE PLANNING TRUSTS TAX WILLS ELDER LAW PROBATE GUARDIANSHIPS CORPORATION & BUSINESS LAW Best Wishes To Our Many Syrian & Lebanese Friends & Customers ALL IMPORTS CAR REPAIR ALL EUROPEAN & JAPANESE CARS FREE ESTIMATES Pick Up & Delivery Complete Overhauls A/C Work And Electrical Gas & Diesel Fuel Injection Tune-Ups Brakes Transmission Body Work & Alignments Monday Friday 8-6 Saturday 9-1 (407) 586-0300 131 S.H. Street Lake Worth, Florida "YouR SolurTon Fpo To)ay's Busy Lipe STyle!" 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Moses has kept tile torch flaming, challenging us to carry on. Today, of the 3.5 million Americans with Arab IMF Funds (continued from page 1) External shocks combined with domestic political and 'economic mismanagement have conspired to make Turkey the IMF's largest ever borrower.- The US $12bn of new funding awarded in early-February is in addition to US $17bn that has been disbursed since 1999 and a further US $4bn that is still available. The sums involved attest to the IMF's determination to avert any heritage, four in five were bom in the United States and about 75% are Christian, compared with only 5% of Arabs in the Middle East. Most of these Americans trace their origins to the waves of Lebanese Christians who came at the turn of the 20th century. They assimilated with relative ease into American society mainly because of the general similarity in further emerging markets crisis and should provide the government with the reserves required to meet its financial requirements, enabling it to reassure the capital markets and prevent a further dip into recession. However, BMI's optimism is tempered by continued poor economic data. Turkey enjoyed a bumper year for tourism in 2001, with 11.2mn foreign visitors by November- up 12.0% y-o-y but other external indicators are BENEDETTO AUCTIONS AUCTION Every Tuesday At 6:15 PM Preview Begins At 9:00 AM Antique Furniture Primitive Modern Collectibles Pottery Porcelain Glass 727-578-6100 Come And Visit Our Mini Mall #AU2248 # AB1993 10491 Gandy Blvd., St. Petersburg, FL SWEDISH MOTOR CARS 1 Service & Parts Over 15 Years Volvo Experience Factory Trained Technician V(wo, w') )* Serving Volvos Exclusively Mon-Fri 8:30 5:30 Mastercard Visa Discover/NovusTM (813) 664-8563 Free Consultation With Mention Of This Ad. Across from Steak N Shake 6014 Hillsborough Ave. E., Tampa, FL religious outlook. Unlike the early immigrants in Moses' book, the recent groups of Lebanese have come here already educated or specifically for the purpose of obtaining higher. education, and they conic from all religious backgrounds and all parts of Lebanon. It would be fascinating to document their progress. Thus far, it poor, and many are set to deteriorate in the first half of 2002. Economic Prospects Have Deteriorated Since September 11 The external shocks that have hit Turkey in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on New York and Washington have been cited as justification for new IMF funds. In the first instance, the presence of a strong domestic Islamic. opposition and the country's proximity to Iran and Iraq hav&'e appears that the new Lebanese are a chip off the old block, marketing their learning instead of peddling their wares, but committed to successful and seamless integration into American society, their new home. Surely, most Lebanese will continue to consider themselves very rich, rich in the heritage they brought with them, and rich in new possibilities. increased risk perceptions of Turkey, exacerbating the dropoff in tourism seen globally visitor numbers fell 13.5% y-o-y in November and tarnishing the country's image as a safe destination for inward investment. Moreover, the expectation of lower global expansion in 2002 will hit hopes of export growth in 2002 a core element of the government's economic programme and there is now a downside risk to (continued on page 11) v Termite & Pest Control 'V_ It's Guaranteed If the Bugs Come Back, So Will Ranger...At No Additional Cost To You! Ranger Once-A-Year Ranger-Termite Pest Control.. Protection Service... 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Admittedly, some of these targets appear quite conservative. Given the estimated 8% contraction of the economy in 2001, it would be surprising if real growth of some kind did not materialise in 2002. This is especially true as most indicators improved in Q4. Industrial production rose 3.8% m- o-m in October and total manufacturing capacity utilisation was at its highest level for twelve months in December at 74.6%. Also, despite its recent appreciation, the lira has stabilised at a level that is competitive for most exporters, and the additional IMF finance will limit government borrowing from domestic institutions which, together with a stronger balance sheets among state-owned banks, should enable the private sector to benefit from greater Sarah's Memorial Chapel, Inc. \ Established 1924 'SERVICE WITHIN THE MEANS OF ALL" Rufus Alexander, V.P. Licensed Funeral Director & Embalmer Curtis Johnson, Sr., LFD (561) 464-2525 1-800-464-4946 Fax: (561) 464-7077 728 Avenue D p V- - Ft. Pierce, FL liquidity. Meeting Inflation And Budget Targets Will Be Tough The more difficult targets, however, are those for inflation and the state budget. Turkey has never met an IMF inflation target and, with prices jumping by 73.2% y-o-y in January the largest rise since October 1998 the chances of achieving the yearend target appear remote. In order to do so, the Central Bank intends to limit base money growth a tough and unpredictable measure to control at the best of times - to 40%. Complicating matters still further is that moderating inflation will depend at least in part on uncertain exchange rate movements. The target for the public sector primary surplus (balance excluding debt repayment) is similarly dependent on the implementation of new, untried measures, many of which are likely to arouse strong opposition. These include an increase in the petrol -consumption tax, the closure of regional administrations and 'greater efficiency' in the procurement process. Overall, BMI broadly concurs with the IMF's optimism. However, we are concerned that full implementation of the new programme is reliant upon a political consensus (continued on page 12) DANCE CLUB INTERNATIONAL Ballroom Latin Swing Free Lesson Monday-Friday 1:00 10:00 p.m. 407-339-3000 332 Wilshire Blvd. Casselberry, FL State of FL Certified Ballroom #00108 Join Dance Club International Where Learning to Dance is Only the'Beginning The Best Of Arabic Television! DISH Network'" satellite TV brings you the most comprehensive selection of Arabic television channels available in America. Imagine watching your favorite programs from the Middle East, including news, sports, dramas, TV series, documentaries and the Egyptian Soccer League, all from the comfort of your own home. ARABIC ELITE PACK A AT A Oi' .. A R-T l .Ma ,i ', I A iC. J r j r,,, .. , 1E52." Ft.' 7'' t .., ar.' ,,t,,, i Ota -. t. 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Featured panels included: perceptions of America in the Islamic world, Islam in the modem world, the changing role of women, and future relations between the U.S. and the expected due to adverse economic or political events associated with the 'war against terrorism' - then the targets will be appear tougher still. because of alleged "Middle Eastern" hate crimes. The $25,000 fund was set up in coordination with the Arab American Institute (AAI), which with particular attention to remarks made by President Bush in the state of the union address. Prince Turki will return Sunday to Washington for an address at his alma mater, Georgetown University. A Saudi delegation headed by HH Islamic world. James Zogby, president of AAI, spoke on the challenges faced by Islam in projecting a consistent and accurate image in the United States. 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GASTONIA, NC Page 15 THE SYRIAN-LEBANESE STAR April 2002 MARYLAND/VIRGINIA Reza Pahlavi (continued from page 1) is left of Afghanistan last November, fellow Muslims in the neighboring Islamic republic of Iran took to the streets. Contrary to the expectations of many in the West, they did not rally to denounce 'the Great Satan,' the name given to America by the late Ayatollah Khomeini. Instead, ordinary Iranians, in one of the most extraordinary shifts in the geopolitical landscape since 11 September, challenged their own hard-line Islamic clerics, the very group that swept Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi into exile in 1979. Tens of thousands of Iranian men and women also demonstrated in several cities after World Cup qualifying soccer matches. Amid expressions of support for the national football team, the protesters could be heard chanting, "We love you, America." After smashing up banks, public telephones, street lighting and bus stops, hundreds were arrested. The man emerging as an important figurehead for the nascent rebellion is none other than the late shah's son, 41 year-old former fighter pilot, Reza Pahlavi, who has spent the last two decades in exile. When he was 14 years old, his father was diagnosed with lymphoma. As a result, the teenage BALTIMORE GLASS CO. SINCE 1928 GLAZING CONTRACTORS GLASS FOR ALL NEEDS PLATE WINDOW WIRE SAFETY INSULATED OBSCURE MIRRORS PLEXIGLAS LEXAN SHOWER DOORS STORE FRONTS ENTRANCES FURNITURE TOPS PATIO DOORS 410-338-1880 2700 REMINGTON AVE. BALTIMORE, MD B.G. 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Twenty two years later, Prince Reza Pahlavi, looking more and more like his late father, still offers his service to his nation. He looks A little more tired than on the last occasion we met, early last year, in the same modest central London hotel. The staff there clearly adore him and welcome the growing number of supporters, from among London's Iranian community, who have come to pay their respects. Despite his cold- generated cough, the prince spoke enthusiastically for almost two hours about his vision of Iran and the progress of his campaign for democracy, which he discussed in an interview with The Middle East last year. Commenting on what his mother Empress Farah Pahlavi, told London's Arabic daily Asharq Al- Awsat two days earlier that her son wants to return and serve his country like any ordinary citizen the Shah in, exile says the important thing is that the people of Iran are given the right to choose how they wish to be governed. Whether the future for Iran involves a republic or a constitutional monarchy, is not the issue at this time' he says. The first aim should be for the wishes of the Iranian people to be recorded in a free and fair election. "My mission in life, from the day I started 21 years ago, remains the same," said the man whom most Iranian liberals in exile, as well as an increasing number of, Iranians at home, consider to be Iran's hope of salvation from what many describe as its current nightmare. He outlines his vision for a comprehensive strategy to give the Iranian people freedom of choice and real. democracy, in his ,book, Winds of Change: the Future of Democracy in Iran, published last month (Feb 2002) in Washington by Regency Publishing Inc., which he dedicates to the memory of all Iran's fallen heroes and patriots. "My goal is to reach a stage where the Iranian 4 LONG & FOSTER .l REALTORS SALMA MUSA, Real Estate Agent Selling homes in Maryland, Virginia, and Washington D.C. 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In 1997, when the voters elected philosopher Mohammed Khatami, thought by the West to be the most liberal candidate the ayatollahs could stomach, the idea of an Islamic democracy - although unworkable in practice held great promise. With talk of a dialogue of civilisations' Khatami caught the imagination of the Iranian public and western journalists. John Lancaster (continued on page 17) 0DBI ARCHITECTS PC Specializing In Architecture/Commercial Interior Space Design & Facilities 202-872-8844 1707 L Street NW Washington, D.C. 703-893-3950 7799 Leesburg Pke. Falls Church, VA When Calling Ask For AL STORM A.I.A. 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Reza Pahlavi kind of appeasement," he (continued from page 16) adds. of The Washington Post He dismisses the idea of described him as 'Ayatollah a moderate Khatami intent Gorbachev,' prompting upon bringing about real debate as to whether he was change. Any change at this just a reformer, or a stage would be superficial revolutionary who would and made with the purpose usher in Iranian Perestroika. of helping lift US sanctions Many Middle East or improving trade to serve specialists now say he is the interests of the ruling neither; Khatami was, after elite, and not for the benefit all, trained in the of millions of impoverished conservative seminaries of Iranians. Qom, and is part of the "There is no such thing regime, a point Reza as a moderate in this Pahlavi capitalises on to (theological Islamic warn us western Republic) system," Prince journalists and governments Reza observes, illustrating - against a trap we might fall his point by taking a leaf into and consequently from Europe's own painful "betray the Iranian people, history book: "We saw it who deserve better. 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The struggle in Iran today is not about the moderate camp versus the radical camp," he went on, "rather it pits the forces of state despotism and religious fundamentalism against a nation that demands democracy, rejects militant domination and repudiates the concept of a supreme leader who rules over the others by divine law. In evaluating the progress of his year of cam paigning and calling upon his people to use 11 non-violent means and 'a. general civil disobedience to force change", Reza Pahlavi cited a few examples of unrest from inside Iran, in addition to last November's demonstrations. The candle-lit vigil held by many Iranians, men and women of all ages and from all walks of life, on the night of 11 September, was a liberal phenomenon using western Christian symbols, like candles, in defiance of the regime; those who participated certainly risked arrest by the revolutionary guard. "Iran," commented the prince, "is the only country in the area where the majority of the people show sympathy to the West but the regime is hostile to it. It is important for the world," he said, "to .separate the Iranian people from their unpopular ruling regime." He cited several examples, such as Iraq and Afghanistan: "When the Taliban left Kabul, we immediately saw women taking off their burqas, the radio began broadcasting music and songs. Similarly, when the East German government fell and the Soviet system fell, there was great rejoicing. What does this say about the true sentiment of these nations before the changes took place?" he asked. 'This is exactly what you would see in Iran... as a matter of fact we see it today." He says 11 September was, and should be, an eye- opener for the West and particularly for America. 'The tragedy caused decision-making circles in the West to evaluate western short-termism and begin considering long term interests. "Who in the West, before 11 September, gave any thought to the suffering of the Afghani people? Afghanistan was not on any list of western priorities, let alone a concern for western public opinion. "The events of 11 September were a painful lesson to be digested by the West," he added. Eradicating terrorism needs a detailed long-term strategy and continued effort. "Terrorism will not disappear by jailing people such as Carlos the Jackal, or killing Bin Laden and destroying the bases of Al Qaeda and Hizbullah. It is essential to deal with the root causes, confronting regimes that support terrorism and addressing the factors that create the culture, including those exploited by twisted- minded clergy and the likes of Bin Laden, who brainwash the young into (continued on page 19) For Superior Service to the _Middle East, no one else stacks up. With our state-of-the-art Ro-Ros, NSCSA is the only full service carrier with links to both the Middle East and the India Subcontinent. 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Prince Reza believes that the painful lessons of history show that true democracy is.the only basis for any lasting political solution. "By spreading democracy and ending social, political and economic injustice, by. encouraging religious tolerance, social justice and fighting poverty in our Muslim countries, we can secure our societies and protect them against the threat of fundamentalism and terrorism recruitment movements," he explained, while listing the ingredients of his long-term recipe for eradicating terrorism from the Islamic world. The Iranian regime responded to 11 September with typical ambivalence; condemning the terrorists, after vigils were held by the people, but saying that the United Nations, not the United States, should lead any war on terrorism. Yet the truth, which is recognized by Reza Pahlavi, is that ordinary Iranians aren't much bothered by events in Afghanistan, even though Iran's hard-line media plays up reports of civilian casualties. His contacts inside Iran, which he claims have continued since the family left the country in 1978, are growing in size, providing him with news of what is going on there. His website, Prince Reza confirmed, had scored several million hits, mainly from inside Iran, during the 10 months since we last met, and he has also received hundreds of thousands of personal e- mails from inside the' country. "The people of Iran could use a muchneeded boost of support from the free world," Reza Pahlavi said in a speech at Yale University, just five days before the demonstrations in which participants chanted his name in Iran last November. "They especially lobk to America as a beacon of hope, expecting her not to let them down by cutting a deal with the rulers of Iran for short- term gains." 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Pelham, AL Page 20 THE SYRIAN-LEBANESE STAR April 2002 MISSISSIPPIALOUISIANA Reza Pahlavi (continued from page 19) described in words we couldn't say. He said them beautifully." The protesters' taunts directed at Iran's clerical leadership were astonishing, the Wall Street journal report continues, particularly the use of phrases such as: 'We love you, America' and 'We love you, Reza Pahlavi.' "Until a month ago, nobody knew who Reza Pahlavi was," says Mr Havaji, a 38 yearold civil engineer. "We Iranians want to be players in the global village, and his [westemised] character fits this picture very well. When he says we just want to be normal again, this touches everybody. Our society has decided it wants to become a secular democracy." Reza Pahlavi described to me how the ruling Regime, after these reports were published, sent police around the houses confiscating satellite dishes. His advice to his fellow Iranians, on his website and. Svia his broadcasts; is to smash their dishes in order to stop the corrupt elements of the regime selling them their own 'confiscated' dishes back, a few months from now, at inflated prices. Such advice rang true with local people and revealed Prince Reza not only as a man who cares, but one who also knows exactly what goes on in Iran, despite living in exile. Taking a few sheets of paper from the inside pocket of his smart suit, where he had many scribbled notes in Farsi, Prince Reza's eyes lit up and he grinned from ear to ear as he translated a selection of the slogans used by demonstrators against the regime in several demonstrations held in late January one of which coincided with a .visit by UN Secretary General Kofi Annan and others chanted by students demonstrating in support of their teachers. "Leave Palestine alone and attend to our needs," said one. "Your media is not saying enough about us," criticised another. Yet more, including: "The *incompetent must resign" and "Enough, we are tired of 20 years of betrayal," could hardly have been more direct in their criticism." Prince Reza will be looking to a variety of Iranian groups for support to bring about democratic change; they include the intelligentsia, the professional classes, an increasingly alienated section of the clergy, including many Islamic scholars, weary of the theological autocratic elite who, they believe, have isolated them from the people. Last but not least, he will be looking for the support of the bazaaris or merchant class, whose. desertion of his father they believe dealt a fatal blow to his ruling regime. Mr. Pahlavi, says Franklin Foer in the New Republic, has carefully crafted his appeal to Iranian youth, by far the country's most dynamic political force. 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Bayview Pass Christian, Mississippi Best Wishes from Bossier Electrical 318-742-6344 2288 Ba.rksdale Blvd. Shreveport, LA Reza Pahlavi (continued from page 20) seems to have adroitly adopted as his own' Reza Pahlavi said that "the message from [Iran's] 50 million young is that an investment in the people of Iran and their rightful struggle for secularism and popular sovereignty, is the best guarantee against continued regional instability and radicalism emanating from Tehran." He also championed women's rights, regarded as the Islamic regime's Achilles' heel. When asked about women's rights by a caller from Iran in a recent two-hour interview on satellite television, he responded: "Women's rights are human rights... Under the clerics, however, Iranian women have suffered the most by having been subjected to the most humiliating social restrictions and laws." - Several reporters who have visited Tehran in recent months cited another sign of Reza Pahlavi's resurgence. The Islamic government fears him. His recent statements condemning the regime's human rights record have evoked apoplectic responses from ayatollahs in the government-run newspapers. The mullahs have even vigorously protested former King Zahir Shah's return toAfghanistan because, Iran watchers argue, they worry it might set a precedent for Pahlavi. While there are several other opposition figures, according to analysts, many people have started perceiving Reza Pahlavi as the only credible alternative to the ruling regime. Cyrus Kadivar, a London-based Iranian businessman, says that the young Iranians of today hear their parents talk about the days of the late Shah, about the prosperity and the choices they had, choices which no longer exist. "They simply tell their children that the older generation made a terrible mistake by getting rid of the Shah, which they now regret." Mr Kadivar heard from his father how, in 1960, the Shah was very close to his people, his 'white revolution' giving the Iranians hope of progress, prosperity and generous welfare. There was no sign on the horizon, at that point, of the flood that would drown the nation 17 years later. Distinguished journalist and historian, Dr Ali Nouri Zadeh, says the years of Reza's growing up were associated, in the minds of most Iranians, with years of prosperity and progress. He recalls how, in November 1960, thousands of Iranians flooded the streets around the Mother and Child Maternity Hospital, within minutes of Tehran radio announcing that Empress Farah, the third wife of the Shah, had given birth to a healthy male child inside, who would be known as Prince Reza. "The late Shah separated from his first wife, Princess Fawziyah of Egypt, after she gave birth to only one child, a daughter, Shahenaz. He then divorced his second wife, Soraya, who was discovered to be unable to have children. The people of Iran had waited for many years, pinning their hopes on Empress Farah giving birth to a son and securing the continuity of the monarchy. Prince Reza's birth was greeted by much rejoicing." Four decades later, Iranians are again gathering in the streets, calling out the name of Prince Reza. Could the people be awaiting the rebirth of the house of Pahlavi to start another white revolution, this time, one based on full democracy? 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Some critics theorize that the film is about all things beautiful - happiness, joy, love of cinema, as well as the appreciation of great masters in other arts all in relationship to Chahine and what they have meant to him. Certainly, this film distinguishes itself from Chahine's "The Land" (1969), "The Immigrant" (1994), "The Destiny" (1997), "The Other" (1999) and even "Alexandria Trilogy" (1979-1989). It falls within a category the critics refer to as romantic-musical-comedy and which Chahine himself categorizes as dramatic musical comedy. The plot of the film is quite simple and represents life in Egypt today, following a tale of romance, deceit, and exploitation. The story centers around three main characters: the astute and wealthy bourgeois grandmother (played by Majida al-Khatib); the mother, Malak (played by the Tunisian singer Latifa); and the granddaughter, Paula (played by a new face, Ruby). As the film begins, the mother is married to a lawyer (Ahmed Mehrez) who is quite busy, overly conscious of his bourgeois roots, and has little time for his wife. He subsequently leaves Malak for another woman, an event that strikes at the mother's womanhood and self- esteem. After the divorce, Malak lives in a constant state of anxiety over whether people truly love her or want her only for her fame and wealth. This fragile state of mind allows her to fall in love with a swindler and gigolo named Lami (played by Ahmed Wafic). He is the product of globalism, a materialist who seeks nothing but fun and his own personal interest with a goal of getting rich quickly through deceit. As the PAULA'S PETALS f -Freeze Dried Floral Preservation Meaningful Keepsakes for Weddings Anniversaries Funerals Any Special Occasion www.paulaspetals.com 281-759-1114 11261 Richmond Ave. Houston, TX film continues, Malak's friend Alfi, a scriptwriter (played by Ahmed Badir), attempts to rescue her from Lami. Alfi lies to Lami by saying that the grandmother has left everything to Paula, prompting Lami to pursue the granddaughter, using the same methods he used earlier on her mother. Finally, he is discovered and exposed. In the meantime, Paula has become involved with the son of the family's driver, Nasser (played by Mustafa Shabaan), a representative extension of Gamal Abd Nasser's generation and its great pan-Arabist dreams. Chahine was immediately put on the stand by critics who wanted to know why he would make a romantic or any non-intellectual - film, a discussion that extended to the question of why romantic filrim, have been absent for some- time in Arab cinema. As Chahine explains in an interview with the Lebanese newspaper As Safir, a corrupt or decadent climate negates romanticism; it is difficult to have romantic films in a morally corrupt environment where "beauty" is directly related to how much money one has. He did not shy away from mentioning cost, citing "Silence, We're Shooting" as an example. When critics asked him if he was seeking a reconciliation between classes derived from this attempt to romantically bring together members of different social backgrounds .in "Silence, We're Shooting," Chahine answered negatively, repeating an earlier observation that the laws in Egypt still make the rich richer and the poor poorer. Chahine also seems to dismiss the notion that "Silence, We're Shooting" aims at making people laugh. Sheer "gross jokes," he says, cannot make people laugh, because, in order to laugh, one must have inner happiness, (continued on page 23) Houston's "Company Picnic Headquarters" Picnics Reunions Schools Weddings Tubing River Pool Sports Great Food www.hhranch.corn 281-449-8381 4000 Greens Rd. Houston, TX Best wishes from Lone Star Discount 713-665-2121 5933 Bellaire Blvd. Houston, TX IUNICUI SALTIEATIONS Ladies' & Men's Alterations Emergency One Day Service We do Reweaving and Leather Work Mon-Fri 10-6 Sat 10-3 713-432-7767 KIRBY GLEN CENTER 2489 S. BRAESWOOD HOUSTON, TX 77030 FRONT LINE PERSONNEL SERVICES INC. Your Path To Professional Success Temporary Temp-to-Hire Direct Placement * EXECUTIVE SECRETARIES ADMINISTRIATIVEASSISTANTS * WORD PROCESSORS/DATA ENTRY * RECEPTIONISTS/CUSTOMER SERVICE * OFFICE MANAGERS * OTHER POSITIONS AVAILABLE LOBBY SERVICES LENDING OPERATIONS ACCOUNTANTS TELLERS City-Wide Service 713-802-9964 Call Toll Free 1-800-827-7194 Fax 713-802-1660 www.frontlinepersonnel.com EOE Houston, TX Enjoy Your Retirement! W e know that sharing time I with family and friends is important to you. At Tarrytowne Estates retirement residence there are no strangers, just friends you haven't met yet. Reserve your one- or two- bedroom apartment now. Your affordable month-to-month rent includes: RESIDENT MANAGERS ON-SITE 24-HOURS A DAY NO BUY-IN FEES OR LEASES HOUSEKEEPING SERVICE CHEF-PREPARED MEALS SERVED DAILY SCHEDULED LOCAL TRANSPORTATION SUPPORT SERVICES AVAILABLE cn sr y-ur 181 5 Enclave Parkw.ay Houscon,TX 77077 (281) 531-1905 --- IhH^S^ ein9g Seniors Since 1971. Page 23 THE SYRIAN-LEBANESE STAR April 2002 DALLAS, TX Chahine Film (continued from page 22) something apparently missing in a "decadent climate." The role of the grandmother, played by Majida al-Khatib, Goodness of God (continued from page 3) the commandment of the LORD is pure, enlightening the eyes. The fear of the LORD is clean, enduring for ever: the judgments of the LORD are true and righteous altogether. More to be desired are they than gold, yea, than much fine gold: sweeter also than honey and the honeycomb. Moreover by them is thy servant warned: and in keeping of them there is great reward. Keep back thy servant also from presumptuous sins; let them not have dominion over me: then shall I be upright, and I shall. be received unanimous praise; some critics have called it her greatest role ever. Latifa, as the mother, did not impress with her acting skills, although she received kudos for her singing. innocent from *the great transgression. Let the words of my mouth, and the meditation of my heart, be acceptable in thy sight, 0 LORD, my strength, and my redeemer. Psalm of David "1: The LORD is my shepherd; I shall not want. He maketh me to lie down in green pastures: he leadeth me beside the still waters. He restoreth my soul: he leadeth me in the paths of righteousness for his name's sake. Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I will fear no evil: for thou art with me; thy rod and thy staff they comfort me. 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Page 24 THE SYRIAN-LEBANESE STAR April 2002 DALLAS, TX Melkite Icons _(continued from page 3) style, and the characteristic' green and red borders that mark the Aleppo School of iconographers. Although anonymity prevailed -in general among the icon painters not of the Aleppo School, several independent Melkite artists do appear on the scene. Hanna al- Kudsi, an eighteenth- century painter, did mostly restorations and reproductions of earlier works, including some of Nemeh's. Hanna's own works are more traditional icon painting. Mikhail al-Dimashki worked in Damascus at the time Hanna al-Kudsi did in Jerusalem. Mikhail painted traditional -icons of a popular nature with .-element'.; learned from western artists. Sylvester, the Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch, though working in the Near East, painted strictly in the Byzantine form. His works attest to the controversy between the Eastern Church and the Church of Rome. Sylvester spent much of his life fighting Cyrillus V, the Patriarch of Aleppo and some of Cyrillus' bishops. Through the influence of Jesuit and Capuchin missionaries from Europe, Cyrillus and his followers left the Greek Orthodox Church and reunited with the Roman Catholic Church. Sylvester's paintings are formally Byzantine because he was countering the spread of what he considered non- Eastern religious teachings. With the arrival of the nineteenth century, the demand for smaller, popular icons and increased generally prosperity made possible the personal possession of icons. But individuals did not have money to use on the ornamentation of an icon. Instead of portraying their subjects on gold, the artists began painting directly on the wood. With the increased demand for icons, especially from the newly formed Melkite-Greek Catholic Church, the artists had less time for the production or their decoration. By the mid- nineteenth century decoration disappeared. Simple clusters of flowers replaced the intricate designs which smother the surface and borders of the works of the Aleppo School. Stylized bodies BEADING DREAMS Serving INWOOD VILLAGE Beads, Tools, Findings How-To Books & Stringing Supplies Bead Stringing Classes and Birthday Parties for Kids & Adults Private Classes & Gift Certificates Available 214.366.1112 5629 W. Lovers Lane Dallas, TX 75209 -opposite Inwood village and faces were no more. The painters broke completely with early artistic canons and restraints. Prominent in these later Melkite icons are Near Eastern villagers and peasants, particularly in the works of Butros Agaimy. This Lebanese priest painted during the opening of the nineteenth century near Deir al- Kamar, Lebanon. His icon of St. John Climacus depicts the saint with a large fleshy face, a wide nose, big eyes, and rough workman's hands. St. John Climacus could just as easily be a Lebanese laborer as the sixth- century priest who lived in Sinai, where he wrote a famous book about Christian virtues. No gold was used in this icon, and the colors are earthy browns and grays. Another Melkite painter who favored the simple style in the mid- nineteenth century is Nemeh Nasser of Homs, Syria. His works are characterized by roughness. This artist worked directly on wet plaster, and the grooves are visible even through several layers of paint. As the influence of the Aleppo School declined in the nineteenth century, another school A Melkite iconography developed in Jerusalem by- the middle of the century -the Kudsi. Three Melkite painters of this period may have used some mass production techniques (continued on page 25) GARDENS OF RICHARDSON License #704 Exceptional Care... 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Dallas Co-Operative Parishes Dallas, TX I-,- *r Page 25 THE SYRIAN-LEBANESE STAR April 2002 SAN ANTONIO, TX d " (continued from page 24) because of their .prolific output of so many icons of the same subject done in the same manner. They are Mikhail Mahanna, Yuhanna Saliba, and Nicolas Theodorus. Large brush strokes and simplicity characterize their works. Their saints have heads as round as oranges and faces touched with serenity. The strongest influence of Melkite painters of the nineteenth century was the work of Michael Polychronis, or Michael the Cretan. Michael lived Holy Quran (continued from page 3) quality of peacefulness is not acquired by a child but it is a Gift of Allah deep-rooted in human beings. However, unless a deliberate attempt is made to acquire peace, it can not be labelled as moral qtiality or moral condition anu wUI.ked in -Da.i ascus from 1809 to 1821. Most churches of significance in the Near East have an icon produced by Michael. His icons, done in oil, reflect Byzantine and Italianate elements, but are classified as-Melkite in style. The reason: decorative themes from Damascus woodwork panels ornament the robes draping the saints portrayed. The draperies of his subjects' robes are magnificently molded, and the significance of this painter is not confined to his artistic achievements, but extends to his in mankind. As such being peaceful, or being gifted with meekness is a moral quality for which a deliberate is made not to harm other human beings. Further he or she should consciously avoid to inflict ant pain or harm, bodily or otherwise to Get Your Share Of The American Dream FULL REAL ESTATE SERVICE WE WILL TAKE CARE OF ALL YOUR WORRIES IN BUYING OR SELLING YOUR HOME WE BUY HOUSES MLS SERVICES S.A. BOARD OF REALTORS JOSE RAMON CAMPOS, ABR, BROKER/OWNER www.americanrealtyusa.com 210-824-2900 244 W. Olmos, San Antonio, TX 78212 LION & EAGLE ANTIQUES Serving Alamo Heights * Custom Lamp Mounting * Lamp Shades * Lamp Repair * Chandelier Rewiring M-F 10-5:30 Sat. 1.0-1 Convenient Curbside Service (210) 826-3483 3511 Broadway San Antonio, TX influence un many arUists of his day and locale. Aside from the primitive stylists like Butros Agaimy, Melkite painters attempted to imitate Michael's occidental style. With the turn of the century came the attraction of things western. This interest led to the abandonment of the characteristic, local, Arabic style. For decades the knowledge and appreciation of Melkite icons lay generally dormant. These special works of iconography were the privileged information and enjoyment of only a fellow humanbeings. Meekness, or 'living in peace' will, then emerge as a moral condition and moral quality in an individual for the greater few Lebanese andu ynan collectors. Prior to the current upheaval in Lebanon, some of the finest specimens of Melkite icons were found in the Sursock Museum, Beirut; the Henri Pharaon Collection; Holy Savior Monastery, Joun. From their rediscovery and the renewal of interest in. them has resulted a valuable contribution to art and religion. Scholars are hoping that the study of Melkite icons will generate new insights into the lives of Arabic Christians. good of mankind. (Islami Asool Ki Philosophy Urdu Translated in English and Adapted PP. 55-56 .) All (continued on page 26) MFUDIPHOH SINCE 1935 "See Us First" All Style Most Major Brands - James Irwin, M.A, CCC-A Audiologist 29 Years Experience "Just Enough Technology at Just The Right Price!" 210-930-3013 1100 N.E. Loop 410#450 San Antonio, TX GUARANTY CENTER (at Nacogdoches Rd.) 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Meekness or 'love for living in peace,' in fact, should be deep rooted in all the Muslims And they should make a deliberate choice for 'peace' because it is a Gift of Allah to mankind. Holy Prophet of Islam himself eKhibited the moral quality of meekness in dealings with others. He never placed himself higher than the overwhelming majority of people who come to America, whether from the Middle East, Europe, Asia or Latin America, are looking for a better life and future, not to terrorize the person who came to seek his advice. Holy Prophet of Islam, being an 'excellent examplar' set personal examples in almost all walks of life. He has set up personal examples of tolerance and the excessiveness of the enemy without any sort of retaliation. It is an established fact in the life of the Holy Prophet of Islam that entering Macca population. And contrary to the CIS assertion that victoriously, a Proclamation was made, 'no harm will come to any one this day.' Even though, the Maccans had persecuted the Holy Prophet of Islam and forced him to migrate him to Madina, a safe place. But the Holy Prophet of Islam signifying the moral quality of 'meekness,' forgave all his enemies to establish 'peace' in that territory. "the terrorist threat comes (continued on page 27) ANIMAL CR1I ICAL CARE EMERGENCY & CRITICAL CARE EAST OF HWY 151 ON POTRANCO RD. NORTHWEST BEXAR COUNTY & SURROUNDING AREAS ALL NIGHT-7 DAYS DEBORAH RIDDER, DVM OPEN MON-FRI 6PM-8PM SAT 1 PM UNTIL MON 8AM (24 HOURS ON HOLIDAYS) VISA MC AMEX DISCOVER 210-684-2105 8615 Potranco Rd., San Antonio, TX S CARPET CERAMIC HARDWOOD SHEET VINYL PERGO Designers on Staff Featuring M-T-W 9:30-6 Th 9:30-8 Sat 10-4 Carpet Financing Available NORTH SOUTH 10961 Research Blvd. 4006 South Lamar 512-346-7034 Brodie Oaks Shopping Center 512-416-9764 30 years Experience A.L. 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But the numbers in the Census report tell us simply that millions of persons are living in the United States are either out of status or on some form of transitional status, like refugees, asylees and those with applications pending. We agree that our immigration laws must be enforced and that resources are needed to do that, but the message sent by CIS is taking advantage of a tragedy to further their preSeptember I I anti- immigrant agenda. Another misconception is that the Census Bureau report was motivated by the same anti-immigrant agenda as espoused by the CIS. The report, itself was part of an effort by the bureau to address estimates of the "residual foreign born" for purposes of apportionment. Because the report released data on country of origin, the CIS seized the opportunity to draw attention to the small percentage (less than I percent) of this estimated population that originates in the Middle East. Statistically, this is hardly newsworthy. But in the current climate, it is dangerously easy to use racism and fear-mongering to make policy recommendations. Such policies are neither sound nor, will they' benefit the legitimate efforts of law enforcement to prevent Best Wishes From DELUXE TINTING (361) 573-5009 605 E. Crestwood Dr. Victoria, TX Best Wishes From Ofelia's Hair Design (713) 774-1151 7435 Southwest Frwy Houston, TX Best Wishes From PATTON'S AUTOMOTIVE SERVICE (361) 592-7016 1017 W. King Kingsville, TX future acts of, terrorism. Investigators of the September I I' attacks acknowledge that the pool of actual suspects is extremely small. The overwhelming majority of persons detained (and being prioritized for deportation) have no connection with the terrorists who attacked our country. While those who violate their visas (from any country) need to be dealt with, diverting valuable FBI resources from the criminal investigation for otherwise procedural INS business does not make sense, and it will not help prevent terrorism. By conflating visa violators with terrorist suspects and failing to distinguish between the. two, the impression has been created that they may be one and the same. What is especially troubling is that after the early weeks of telling Americans that they should not treat all Arabs and Muslims as suspects, the administration's practices of profiling and massive detentions are sending the exact opposite message. The politics of terrorism have only reinforced decades of negative stereotypes in American culture about Arabs and Muslims. Policies of profiling based on Middle Eastern ethnicity rather than on suspicious conduct only deepen those popular misconceptions and widen the fear. 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When I first saw Laila's work, it jumped straight out at me", she says. reportedly said, 'Islam is a religion in which God requires YOU to send your son to die for him. Christianity is a faith in which God sends his son to die for you." Since the - Muslim Public Affairs Council first raised this issue and other Arab American and American Muslim organizations requested clarification, we have yet to see a clear response from the Justice Department. On February 8, AAI wrote to President George W. Bush asking that he urge the Attorney General to clarify the situation. "If the Attorney General did not make the remarks, he should clarify the situation and repudiate the Young and rebellious, Laila strove to find her own path. Six weeks after enrolling to study philosophy and sociology at the American University of Cairo, she returned home disconsolate and disillusioned. 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He had noticed Laila's creative talent, and strongly recommended to her father that she study aet the Leonardo da Vinci 'interesting to watch the Administration, including the White House and State Department, distance itself from the type of views attributed to the Attorney General while he remains silent. The Administration, and particularly the DOJ's Civil Rights division, has done an exemplary job encouraging Americans to remain -united and fight intolerance of any kind., But the words attributed to the Attorney General threaten to detail the progress and healing that has begun and could send a signal to some that discrimination against Muslims is okay. We urge the President to deal with this situation,"' said AAI President Dr. James Zogby. School of Art, in Cairo. It was an unusual choice for a girl raised in a traditional Muslim society. 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I am fascinated by form, and what people leave behind as a sign of their presence." In early 1967- she left Gaza and UNRWA to set up anew in Beirut, her mother's birthplace. She revelled in the city's cosmopolitan atmosphere, enjoyed four solo exhibitions, and found work as an illustrator of children's books. But another great change was just around the corner. Over six days in June, Israel conquered the Sinai Desert, Golan Heights, West Bank and Gaza Strip. For Palestinians, defeat came as a second nakba ,( c a t as tro p h e ) . Paradoxically, though, occupation allowed West Bankers and Gazans to revisit their lost land. Says Laila: "I had no real recollection of physical Palestine. It was a shock going back to a place that you have. only heard of" Increasingly, Laila translated that sense of shock into more overtly political work. Her paintings now sought to reclaim, preserve and reinterpret a distinctively Palestinian identity. 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When civil war erupted in Lebanon in 1975, she returned to Gaza and then relocated to London. In 1977 she met Sa'ad Mohaffel, a talented Syrian architect, and the pair collaborated on a giant mural project in .Yemen. Then, for the next decade they devoted themselves to a truly grand enterprise: the Rashad Shawa Cultural Centre, the largest aits and conference facility named for Laila's father in Gaza. 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Wadsworth Unit G Lakewood, CO 80227 Page 31 THE SYRIAN-LEBANESE STAR April 2002 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA Laila Shawa (continued from page 30) massive stained glass windows. The centre consumed all their time, and also cemented their personal union. Before long they married. "Maybe it was a way of compensating for my desire to be an architect" she jokes. Sadly, Laila's father Rashad Shawa died in 1988, the very year his centre was inaugurated. The previous two decades had been extraordinarily eventful. Rashad :had endorsed the PLO,'s foundation in 1964, and, though the organisation subsequently tried to assassinate him, he successfully steered a middle path between Arafat's Gazan minions F"-- -1 Honored Pro% ider 4. F _bt^ .Dignitv L, 2 J and Israel's military occupiers. After becoming mayor in 1971, Rashad revived the local citrus industry; and his Benevolent Society for Gaza provided essential social and medical services to Gaza's needy. Laila still bridles when she recalls how the Palestine Authority peremptorily 'confiscated' his Centre and dissolved his charity in 1998. The year also marked the intensification of the Intifada, the first concerted revolt against Israeli rule. "I become much more involved with my work, and started photographing writing on the walls of Gaza. 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Another, "Children of War, Children of Peace", taken in Gaza's Sheikh Radwan refugee camp, is now displayed in London London's British Museum. It shows multiple Warhollike monochromatic images of a boy mustering a metal pole like a rifle. He was three years old. "War deprives children of their childhood", argues Laila. "Toys become arms. The games they play are all war games. They have no places to play and their pysches are all screwed up. Often they grow up damaged, believing violence is the only way to resolve problems." Lamentably, this has now become a universal scourge, she says. "Just think of child soldiers in Sudan, Sierra Leone or Afghanistan." Ideally, says Laila, "art should be a dialogue between civilisations." But dialogue can also be aggressive, fragmentary, confusing. 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The dollar imagery reappeared in 2000, when Laila was commissioned by the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford to portray the figure of Christ for the Millennium, from a Muslim woman's perspective. One canvas shows the crucified Jesus covered in dollar bills a stark comment indeed on the ravages of materialism. Laila Shawa is committed to a just accord between Israel and Palestine, and participates in dialogue groups like Salaam-Shalom. At the same time, she condemns what she depicts as Israel's disgraceful treatment of Palestinians. In her view, matters have worsened since the Oslo Accords of 1993. However, she does not pull her punches regarding corruption within the Palestine Authority, which she believes is widespread. All the more reason, then, to cherish chinks of humanity amidst the gloom. Palestinian voices are crying out to be heard. "Take prison artists: their style may be emotional and untutored, forged in isolation from the world. 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"By contrast, Palestinian artists in the Diaspora have exploited new encounters to produce daring, sophisticated creations". Many talented individuals benefit from what Laila regards as a rare PLO triumph the Union of Palestinian Artists. Now she dreams of building a contemporary art museum and college in Gaza. As the traditional trading thoroughfare between Egypt and Mesopotamia, Gaza was always a blend of peoples, with a richness of imagery for artists to draw on. Canaanite, Philistine, Israelite, Greek, Arab, Ottoman and Mamluk, all left their mark. The Shawas themselves first migrated there from the Arabian Hijaz 1,400 years ago. London is another thoroughfare. Yet it is London's trade in ideas BEL FIRE FLORIST "Flowers To Express Love - Sympathy & Friendship." ASK US ABOUT OUR SPECIAL ARRANGEMENTS ALL CREDIT CARDS ACCEPTED 559-431-9793 At Woodward Park Across From Kaiser Hospital 7462 N. 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