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Front cover Abstract Page i Foreword Page ii Acknowledgements Page ii Table of Contents Page iii Page iv Map Page v Definitions Page vi Page vii Page viii Main Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 Page 14 Page 15 Page 16 Page 17 Page 18 Page 19 Page 20 Page 21 Page 22 Page 23 Page 24 |
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Timothy G. Taylor Economic Information Report Costs and Returns from Vegetable Season 1980-! Crops 81 with in Florida, Comparisons Food and Resource Economics Department Agricultural Experiment Stations Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville 32611 159 June 1982 ABSTRACT Costs and returns were estimated for 13 vegetable crops in one or more of eight major production areas for the 1980-81 season. Of the 23 crop-area combinations, 9 crops were estimated to have incurred losses on average. Total per acre costs ranged from a low $505.82 per acre for Everglades radishes to $5,751.62 per acre for Manatee-Ruskin tomatoes. Estimated net returns ranged from $-509.56 per acre for Immokalee-Lee tomatoes to $1227.87 per acre for Dade county potatoes. Keywords: return. vegetables, operating cost, harvesting and marketing cost, net This public document was promulgated at an annual cost of $1569.00 or $1.21 per copy to furnish the vegetable industry and allied suppliers with current information on costs and returns of vegetable crops in Florida. FOREWORD This is the twenty-first annual summary of costs and returns for Florida vegetable crops. Although the cost items included in this summary are similar to previous summaries, the reporting format has been changed. Several items including sample sizes, total acreage surveyed, average acres per grower and statistical ranges have been omitted primarily for reasons of confidentiality. As in past years cost and returns estimates for each crop were obtained on the basis of data obtained from individual growers and statistical estima- tion. To increase accuracy in estimating yields and prices, considerable use was made of Florida Crop and Livestock Reporting Service data. The computa- tion for 5 year averages for all crops was acheived by estimating costs and returns for the 1979-80 season on those crops not included in the 1979-80 summary. These data are available on request from the author. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to express appreciation to the many vegetable growers for their cooperation. In addition various county agents, the Florida Fruit and Vegetable Association, the Florida Tomato Committee and the Florida Crop and Livestock Reporting Service provided invaluable assistance. FOREWORD This is the twenty-first annual summary of costs and returns for Florida vegetable crops. Although the cost items included in this summary are similar to previous summaries, the reporting format has been changed. Several items including sample sizes, total acreage surveyed, average acres per grower and statistical ranges have been omitted primarily for reasons of confidentiality. As in past years cost and returns estimates for each crop were obtained on the basis of data obtained from individual growers and statistical estima- tion. To increase accuracy in estimating yields and prices, considerable use was made of Florida Crop and Livestock Reporting Service data. The computa- tion for 5 year averages for all crops was acheived by estimating costs and returns for the 1979-80 season on those crops not included in the 1979-80 summary. These data are available on request from the author. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to express appreciation to the many vegetable growers for their cooperation. In addition various county agents, the Florida Fruit and Vegetable Association, the Florida Tomato Committee and the Florida Crop and Livestock Reporting Service provided invaluable assistance. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FORWARD AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.........................................i MAP OF FLORIDA VEGETABLE PRODUCING AREAS.............................v DEFINITIONS.........................................................vi LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1 Summary of estimated per acre costs and returns for selected Florida vegetables, 1980-81....................1 2 SNAP BEANS: Costs and returns per acre in the Palm Beach-Broward area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81.....2 3 CABBAGE: Costs and returns per acre in the Hastings area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81...................3 4 CELERY: Costs and returns per acre in the Central Florida area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81............4 5 CELERY: Costs and returns per acre in the Everglades area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81...................5 6 SWEET CORN: Costs and returns per acre in the Central Florida area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81...........6 7 SWEET CORN: Costs and returns per acre in the Everglades area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81...................7 8 SWEET CORN: Costs and returns per acre in the lower East Coast area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81........8 9 CUCUMBERS: Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81.....9 10 EGGPLANT: Costs and returns per acre in the Palm Beach- Broward area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81..........10 11 LEAF CROPS: Costs and returns per acre in the Central Florida area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81...........11 12 LEAF CROPS: Costs and returns per acre in the Everglades area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81..................12 iii LIST OF TABLES--Continued Table Page 13 PEPPERS: Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee- Lee area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81..............13 14 PEPPERS: Costs and returns per acre in the Palm Beach- Broward area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81..........14 15 IRISH POTATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the Dade County area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81........... 15 16 IRISH POTATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the Hastings area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81.........16 17 RADISHES: Costs and Returns per acre in the Everglades area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81..................17 18 SQUASH: Costs and returns per acre in the Dade County area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81..................18 19 SQUASH: Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee- Lee area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81...............19 20 SQUASH: Costs and returns per acre in the Palm Beach- Broward area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81..........20 21 TOMATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the Dade County area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81..................21 22 STAKED TOMATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81....22 23 STAKED TOMATOE: Costs and returns per acre in the Manatee-Ruskin area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81...23 24 WATERMELONS: Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee- Lee area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81..............24 .,pa .H'! 5OS CMALOOSA WAITN 5OL.E JACKSN * 19 NASSAU GAOSS EON JEFVERSON M54W1" SAMILTO" SAlER F L RI LDNAftY 18 SIWISO C1 KE \ .... 14 LEW With Principal Vegetables Produced 12 u11 1 Dade--tomatoes, snap and pole beans, Irish v- potatoes, squash, cucumbers, strawberries EW. D 2 Palm Beach-Broward--snap beans, peppers, 10 eggplant, cucumbers, squash, tomatoes r E" O 3 Immokalee-Lee--tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, _*0U squash, Irish potatoes, watermelons 4 Everglades--snap beans, sweet corn, cabbage, 9 . escarole, celery, Irish potatoes, radishes HAR O' 5 Fort Pierce--tomatoes, watermelons 8 .... i 6 Wauchula--cucumbers, tomatoes, watermelons 7 Sarasota--celery, radishes, lettuce, cabbage : ... 8 Manatee-Ruskin--tomatoes, cabbage, cauliflower, CHARLOTTE watermelons. 9 Plant City--strawberries, peppers, squash, pole 3L-E beans, southern peas, okra 10 Sumter--cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, lettuce, \ watermelons .. OWA 11 Zellwood--sweet corn, celery, escarole, lettuce, 2 snap beans, radishes " 12 Sanford-Oviedo--cabbage, celery, snap beans, lettuce, ..Mo 1 escarole, sweet corn, peppers 13 Oxford-Belleview-Lowell--tomatoes, watermelons 14 McIntoch-Island Grove--squash, snap beans, celery, cabbage, lettuce, watermelons 15 Alachua--snap beans, cucumbers, peppers, Irish potatoes, watermelons 16 Hastings--Irish potatoes, cabbage ... C-N 17 Starke-Brooker-Lake Butler--snap and lima beans, ./ ,s d cucumbers, peppers', squash, strawberries 18 Quincy-Havana--pole beans, cucumbers, squash, tomatoes 19 Escambia--Irish potatoes DEFINITIONS Average Yield per acre: The number of saleable units per acre harvested. Land rent: In the interest of uniformity, land rent was charged for all acreages and crops at the prevailing rate reported by growers in the area. This was done to avoid difficulties in the determination of a normal valuation, interest charge for use of land and capitalization of land values in a period of fluctuating values and prices. Taxes on farm real estate are excluded since rent is being charged. Seed and seedbed includes the cost of seed or plants for planting the crop. If a seedbed was used, the figures, unless otherwise noted, include costs of labor and materials for growing plants as well as seed costs. Fertilizer represents the actual cost of nutrient materials applied to produce the crop. Labor or machine costs of application are not included. Spray and dust includes only the cost of materials unless application labor is specified, in which case some machine costs may also be present. If weed control chemicals or soil fumigants were used, their costs also are included here. Cultural labor contains the value of farm labor, whether hired or family, to produce the crop from ground preparation until ready for harvest. It does not include supervision by the operator. Machine hire is the cost of machine work hired, including use of airplanes when applicable, in producing the crop. This item includes labor charges for the machine operator and charges for the use of equipment. Gas, oil and grease include the cost of gas, oil and grease required to operator tractors, trucks, sprayers, pumps and other machinery in producing the crop. It may also include electrical power expense for irrigation when utilized. Repair and maintenance represent the cost of repairs to equipment used in producing the crop. It also includes the small tools such as hoes, rakes and shovels purchased and charged off as a current expenditure. Depreciation includes the annual charge for depreciation and obsolescence of equipment and labor housing. Licenses and insurance represent the cost of licenses and insurance items when chargeable to the farm business. Licenses include those for trucks and autos used on the farm. Insurance includes labor and crop insurance and fire or windstorm insurance on buildings and equipment. It excludes health or accident insurance for the operator or his family. Interest on capital invested (other than land) was charged at 14 percent of the actual or estimated annual depreciated value of the capital invested in machinery and equipment. It was assumed that all equipment was presently worth one half its replacement value. Interest on production capital was charged at the rate of 14 percent on all cash costs for the number of months required to grow and market the crop regardless of whether or not much production capital was actually borrowed. Miscellaneous includes such items as wire, stakes, twine, plastic, office supplies, administrative expense other than value of the operator's management, legal and audit fees, telephone and incidental expenses. Harvesting and marketing expense, where possible, has been divided into two items: (1) picking and (2) grading and packing. Picking, cutting, or digging expense includes actual cost of harvesting the crop and preparing it for movement to packinghouse or wash house. Washing or grading and packing expense includes preparation of the product for shipment either in the field or at an adjacent packinghouse. It includes machinery and overhead costs in addition to labor. The same is true for all crops in all area where grading and packing is done off the farm in packinghouses. Containers include the cost of hampers, crates, bags or baskets in which the product is moved to market. Hauling is the cost of movement of the product from field to packinghouse or loading point. It is often computed on a contract basis and includes labor and equipment items. In cases where hauling was preformed by the operator's trucks, the costs have been separated from production labor and machine expense items as nearly as possible. Other includes the cost of precooling the commodity prior to shipment and, for celery and sweet corn, the contribution to the Marketing Agreement Program. Inspection fees, when incurred, are included in packinghouse charges and are not reported as a separate item. Selling is the packinghouse, market, sales organization or dealer's charge for performing the sales service for the crop when deducted from the producer's price. The cost does not include charges for unloading, grading, packing. Total receipts are the gross returns before deduction of growing, harvesting and marketing costs. Net return is the return to the producer after deduction of all expenses, in producing, harvesting and marketing the crop. Proration of costs between crops: For such items as seed, fertilizer, spray and dust, airplane application and harvesting and marketing costs, growers' records or estimates for each crop were used to make the appropriate charges. In the case of the cultural labor, however, no breakdown for the different crops produced on the individual farm could be obtained from the grower except in a very few cases when such records had been kept. The total cultural labor for all crops produced on each farm was, in most cases, prorated to the various crops on the basis of available data developed at the Florida Agricultural Experiment Stations with regard to man hours required in various parts of the state to produce different crops from land preparation to harvest. Except in a very few cases, a similar situation also applies to such items as machine hire, tractor fuel, oil and grease, repairs, depreciation and other production costs where records had not been kept showing the respective charges to different crops. Prorations were also made to these items on the basis of available data (D.L. Brooke, Fla. Agri. Exp. Sta. Bul. 660, June 1973). In many cases individual growers did not incur every cost item. This applies especially to airplane application, machine hire, grading and packing, containers, hauling and precooling. Thus, these data are based only on the overall average for all growers contacted in each area. Per-unit costs and returns were computed by dividing the average yield per acre in the sample into the various items of cost shown in the individual tables. They are merely averages of the data recorded and, in some cases, do not reflect the full cost of performing the service because all growers may not have incurred every item of cost. viii Table 1. Summary of estimated per acre costs and returns for selected Florida Vegetables, 1980-81 Harvest and Preharvest arvestand Total Total Net Crop Area Cot Marketing Costs Receipts Return Costs Snap Beans 2 $445.14 $228.07 $673.21 $803.85 $130.64 Cabbage 16 930.96 916.93 1847.89 1681.64 -166.25 Celery 11 1562.59 1697.52 3260.11 4010.92 750.81 Celery 4 1828.42 1971.30 3799.72 3531.25 -268.47 Sweet Corn 11 610.03 669.73 1279.75 1277.21 -2.54 Sweet Corn 4 518.58 661.29 1179.87 1014.08 -165.79 Sweet Corn 2 667.43 486.59 1154.02 973.75 -180.27 Cucumbers 3 759.52 940.34 1969.64 2604.61 634.75 Eggplant 2 2189.51 1414.81 3604.32 3713.85 109.53 Leaf 11 849.99 1191.88 2041.87 2483.36 441.49 Leaf 4 814.15 1190.88 2005.03 1881.60 -123.43 Peppers 3 2287.62 1128.18 3415.80 3175.20 -240.60 Peppers 2 2521.95 1091.71 3613.66 4163.40 549.74 Potatoes 1 1154.43 363.60 1518.03 2745.90 1227.27 Potatoes 16 946.40 331.63 1278.03 2057.83 779.80 Radishes 4 220.29 285.53 505.82 570.57 64.75 Squash 1 746.65 535.75 1282.40 1700.93 418.53 Squash 3 683.63 689.41 1373.04 1809.58 436.54 Squash 2 538.55 467.70 1006.25 1663.20 656.95 Tomatoes 1 2214.74 2076.75 4291.49 4290.53 -1.06 Tomatoes 3 2974.39 2310.93 5285.32 4775.76 -509.56 Tomatoes 8 2045.22 3706.36 5751.32 6850.20 1098.58 Watermelons 3 1060.45 372.42 1432.75 1907.62 474.75 Table 2. SNAP BEANS:Costs and returns per acre in the Palm Beach-Broward area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81 1976-80 1980-81 Season Average per Category Acre Acre bushels Yield (bushels) 72 85 Total receipts ........................... Operating costs Seed.................................... Fertilizer............................. Spray and dust......................... Cultural labor......................... Machine hire........................... Gas, oil, grease....................... Repair and maintenance................. Interest on production Capital (14% 4 months)...,......... Miscellaneous expense................. Total operating costs..................... Fixed Costs: Land rent.............................. Depreciation........................... Licenses and insurance................. Interest on investment................. Total fixed costs........................ Harvesting and marketing costs Picking and packing.................... Containers.............................. Hauling................................. Selling................................. Total harvesting and marketing costs..... Total costs.............................. Net return............................... $499.65 $803.85 35.99 55.10 43.21 67.92 11.25 17.56 24.16 9.85 10.72 275.76 47.54 13.73 14.62 2.04 77.93 , 82.14 55.03 11.51 15.03 163.71 517.25 -17.61 35.58 67.91 60.07 86.60 9.86 25.56 29.98 19.20 16.31 351.07 59.90 13.00 19.27 1.90 94.07 103.79 82.45 18.96 22.87 228.07 573.21 130.64 $9.457 4.130 1.110 1.221 .970 .223 .269 2.683 7.923 1.534 3 Table 3 CABBAGE: Costs and returns per acre in the Hastings area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81 1976-80 1980-81 Season Average per Category Acre Acre 50 lbs Yield (50 lbs) 442 516 Total receipts............................ Operating costs Seed.................................... Fertilizer ............................. Spray and dust......................... Cultural labor......................... Machine hire........................... Gas, oil, grease........................ Repair and maintenance................. Interest on production Capital (14% 4 months)........... Miscellaneous expense.................... Total operating costs.................... Fixed Costs: Land rent.............................. Depreciation............................ Licenses and insurance................. Interest on investment................. Total fixed costs.....'.................... Harvesting and marketing costs Cutting and packing.................... Containers ............................. Hauling................................ Other.................................. Selling................................. Total harvesting and marketing costs..... Total costs .............................. Net return ............................... $1687.39 $1681.64 76.29 106.85 70.96 150.52 6.54 36.74 53.15 17.39 8.28 526.72 40.23 42.66 30.00 6.40 119.29 207.78 369.02 113.52 690.32 1336.29 351.10 64.85 142.89 100.81 199.41 83.88 85.22 37.91 6.39 721.36 49.06 69.45 79.22 11.87 209.60 297.73 465.95 153.25 916.93 1847.89 -166.25 $3.259 1.400 .390 .577 .903 .297 1.777 3.585 -.326 Table 4. CELERY: Costs and returns per acre in the Central Florida area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81 1976-80 1980-81 Season Average per Category Acre Acre Crates Yield (Crates) 440 509 Total receipts ........................... Operating costs Seed .................................... Fertilizer............................. Spray and dust......................... Cultural labor......................... Machine hire.......................... Gas, oil, grease ....................... Repair and maintenance................. Interest on production Capital (14% 4 months)............. Miscellaneous expense.................. Total operating costs.................... Fixed Costs: Land rent.............................. Depreciation........................... Licenses and insurance................. Interest on investment................. Total fixed costs.................. ...... Harvesting and marketing costs Cutting and packing.................... Containers............................. Hauling................................ Other............................ ..... Selling..........................* ..... Total harvesting and marketing costs.... Total costs.............................. Net return............................... $3352.79 $4010.92 104.96 146.05 167.11 343.89 18.30 35.30 89.89 41.16 74.22 1020.88 44.64 37.10 73.18 5.56 160.48 794.11 429.34 72.30 185.56 98.22 1579.56 2760.93 591.86 147.99 210.95 184.30 395.40 24.62 62.75 127.09 83.10 138.65 1374.85 58.46 43.84 75.22 10.22 187.74 860.72 439.27 89.58 173.06 134.89 1697.52 3260.11 750.81 $7.880 2.701 .369 1.691 .863 .176 .340 .265 3.335 6.404 1.475 Table 5. CELERY: Costs and returns per acre in the Everglades area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81 1976-80 1980-81 Season Average per Category Acre Acre Crates Yield (Crates) 617 565 Total receipts........................... $3874.24 $3531.25 $6.250 Operating costs Seed ................................... 104.80 110.70 Fertilizer ............................. 154.30 190.79 Spray and dust ......................... 386.22 354.69 Cultural labor......................... 445.71 482.65 Machine hire........................... 27.46 29.46 Gas, oil, grease ............. .......... .. 57.09 71.08 Repair and maintenance................. 138.02 146.07 Interest on production Capital (14% 4 months).............. 57.15 96.05 Miscellaneous expense................... 60.14 90.23 Total operating costs.................... 1430.88 1571.72 2.780 Fixed Costs: Land rent.............................. 79.58 86.61 Depreciation............................ 65.67 67.95 Licenses and insurance................. 70.72 85.18 Interest on investment.................. 9.85 16.96 Total fixed costs........................ 225.82 256.70 .470 Harvesting and marketing costs Cutting and packing.................... 682.17 807.95 1.430 Containers............................. 526.26 598.34 1.059 Hauling................................. 99.23 114.70 .203 Other .................................. 279.19 326.01 .577 Selling ................................ 107.05 123.30 .220 Total harvesting and marketing costs..... 1693.89 1971.30 3.489 Total costs................... .............. 3395.59 3799.72 6.741 Net return............................... 451.65 -268.47 -0.491 Table 6. SWEET CORN: Costs and returns per acre in the Central Florida area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81 1976-80 1980-81 Season Average per Category Acre Acre Crates Yield (Crates) 302 292 Total receipts............................ Operating costs Seed ................................... Fertilizer.............................. Spray and dust......................... Cultural labor.......................... Machine hire........................... Gas, oil, grease ....................... Repair and maintenance................. Interest on production Capital (14% 4 months).............. Miscellaneous expense.................. Total operating costs..................... Fixed Costs: Land rent............................... Depreciation............................ Licenses and insurance.................. Interest on investment................. Total fixed costs......................... Harvesting and marketing costs Picking and packing.................... Containers ............................ Hauling................................. Other .................................. Selling ................................. Total harvesting and marketing cost...... Total costs............................ .. Net return................................ $1075.83 $1277.21 20.30 56.22 100.53 55.33 12.93 18.58 58.98 13.58 33.37 369.82 43.91 21.70 27.70 3.25 96.56 193.58 232.56 36.17 106.91 54.09 623.27 1089.67 -13.84 25.38 73.11 111.62 63.67 16.35 34.34 76.20 25.90 62.42 488.99 52.03 23.52 39.46 6.02 121.03 222.22 256.98 29.01 97.28 64.24 669.73 1279.75 -2.54 $4.374 1.675 .414 .761 .880 .099 .333 .220 2.293 4.382 -.008 Table 7. SWEET CORN: Costs and returns per acre in the Everglades area 5- season average 1976-80 and 1980-81 1976-80 1980-81 Season Average per Category Acre Acre Crates Yield (Crates) 186 225 Total receipts.......................... Operating costs Seed ................................... Fertilizer ............................. Spray and dust......................... Cultural labor.......................... Machine hire........................... Gas, oil, grease ....................... Repair and maintenance................. Interest on production Capital (14% 4 months)............. Miscellaneous expense.................. Total operating costs.................. Fixed Costs: Land rent.............................. Depreciation............................ Licenses and insurance................. Interest on investment................. Total fixed costs........................ Harvesting and marketing costs Picking and packing ..................... Containers............................. Hauling................................. Other.................................. Selling................................. Total harvesting and marketing costs..... Total costs............................. .. Net return............................... $716.64 $1014.08 19.82 41.11 90.28 57.45 19.25 17.47 36.80 11.07 14.70 307.95 49.52 23.45 22.47 3.52 98.96 143.16 152.36 29.39 85.67 33.71 443.89 850.79 22.01 54.82 110.71 63.44 24.51 27.42 44.68 21.66 23.56 392.81 62.43 26.21 30.26 6.87 125.77 227.70 220.28 47.93 117.23 48.15 661.29 1179.87 -134.15 -165.79 $4.507 1.746 .560 1.012 .979 .213 .521 .214 2.939 5.245 -.738 Table 8. SWEET CORN Costs and returns per acre in the Lower East 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81 Coast area 1976-80 1980-81 Season Average per Category Acre Acre Crates Yield (Crates) 180 190 Total receipts............................ Operating costs Seed................................... Fertilizer............................. Spray and dust......................... Cultural labor......................... Machine hire ........................... Gas, oil, grease........................ Repair and maintenance................. Interest on production Capital (14% 4 months).............. Miscellaneous expense.................. Total operating costs.................... Fixed Costs: Land rent.............................. Depreciation............................ Licenses and insurance................. Interest on investment................. Total fixed costs........................ Harvesting and marketing costs Picking and packing..................... Containers ............................. Hauling................................. Other................................... Selling................................ Total harvesting and marketing costs.... Total costs.............................. Net return ............................... $914.95 $973.75 28.09 106.69 88.18 68.03 18.15 22.16 35.60 13.94 15.12 395.96 59.65 23.26 22.85 3.49 109.25 21.39 132.09 133.50 76.01 18.08 38.78 48.89 28.41 23.43 520.58 87.92 23.43 28.21 7.29 146.85 110.85 131.86 129.93 156.56 30.98 41.80 90.29 120.27 28.85 36.10 390.90 486.59 896.31 1154.02 18.64 -180.27 $5.125 2.740 .773 .694 .824 .220 .633 .190 2.561 6.074 -.949 Table 9. CUCUMBERS: Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee area 5- season average 1976-80 and 1980-81 1976-80 1980-81 Season Average per Category Acre Acre bushels Yield (bushels) 285 276 Total receipts........................... $1793.25 $2604.61 $9.437 Operating costs Seed ................................... 18.35 21.33 Fertilizer ............................. 167.40 216.82 Spray and dust......................... 85.29 106.88 Cultural labor......................... 225.11 253.04 Machine hire........................... 35.16 42.27 Gas, oil, grease ....................... 53.33 80.97 Repair and maintenance................. 58.36 65.52 Interest on production Capital (14% 4 months).............. 26.65 43.43 Miscellaneous expense.................. 21.30 26.63 Total operating costs.................... 690.95 856.89 3.105 Fixed Costs: Land rent.............................. 29.78 56.48 Depreciation............................ 42.50 42.55 Licenses and insurance................. 41.23 62.46 Interest on investment.................. 6.37 11.14 Total fixed costs........................ 119.88 172.63 .625 Harvesting and marketing costs Picking ...................... ......... 325.91 371.50 1.346 Grading and packing.................... 233.04 228.80 .829 Containers ............................. 198.00 211.42 .766 Hauling................................ 50.66 53.82 .195 Selling ................................ 58.20 74.80 .271 Total harvesting and marketing costs..... 869.41 940.34 3.407 Total costs.............................. 1690.24 1969.86 7.137 Net return............................... 103.01 634.75 2.300 Table 10. EGGPLANT Costs and returns per acre in the Palm Beach-Broward area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81 1976-80 1980-81 Season Average per Category Acre Acre bushels Yield (bushels) 726 655 Total receipts........................... $2839.28 $3713.85 $5.670 Operating costs Seed ................................... 40.27 82.70 Fertilizer ............................. 265.00 321.00 Spray and dust......................... 232.18 262.84 Cultural labor......................... 499.01 580.06 Machine hire........................... 49.26 35.03 Gas, oil, grease....................... 81.82 124.73 Repair and maintenance ................. 104.33 107.84 Interest on production Capital (14% 4 months).............. 59.31 117.06 Miscellaneous expense.................. 151.55 283.93 Total operating costs..................... 1482.73 1915.19 2.924 Fixed Costs: Land rent............................... 70.90 105.00 Depreciation............................ 58.37 51.17 Licenses and insurance................. 86.91 104.75 Interest on investment................. 8.76 13.40 Total fixed costs........................ 224.94 274.32 .419 Harvesting and marketing costs Picking and packing.................... 561.77 651.73 .995 Containers.............................. 461.19 450.64 .688 Hauling................................ 118.60 129.04 .197 Selling ................................ 156.96 183.40 .280 Total harvesting and marketing costs..... 1301.52 1414.81 2.160 Total costs.............................. 3009.18 3604.32 5.503 Net return............................... -169.90 109.53 .167 11 Table 11. LEAF CROPS: Costs and returns per acre in the Central Florida area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81 1976-80 1980-81 Season Average per Category Acre Acre Crates Yield (Crates) 646 664 Total receipts........................... $2510.93 $2483.36 $3.740 Operating costs Seed ................................... 98.06 88.93 Fertilizer............................ 56.84 71.25 Spray and dust ......................... 69.91 66.16 Cultural labor......................... 189.35 229.96 Machine hire........................... -- -- Gas, oil, grease....................... 25.70 36.32 Repair and maintenance................. 83.78 89.22 Interest on production Capital (14% 4 months)............. 20.56 35.73 Miscellaneous expense.................. 54.56 67.34 Total operating costs.................... 598.76 684.91 1.031 Fixed Costs: Land rent.............................. 43.36 58.20 Depreciation........................... 35.54 39.44 Licenses and insurance................. 61.85 57.67 Interest on investment................. 5.32 9.77 Total fixed costs........................ 146.77 165.08 .249 Harvesting and marketing costs Picking and packing.................... 254.25 330.01 .497 Containers............................. 475.62 510.62 .769 Hauling................................ 52.36 44.49 .067 Other .................................. 181.32 219.78 .331 Selling ................................ 80.38 86.98 .131 Total harvesting and marketing costs..... 1043.94 1191.88 1.795 Total costs.............................. 1791.04 2041.87 3.075 Net return............................... 719.89 441.49 .665 12 Table 12. LEAF CROPS: Costs and returns per acre in the Everglades area 5- season average 1976-80 and 1980-81 1976-80 1980-81 Season Average per Category Acre Acre Crates Yield (Crates) 457 480 Total receipts ........................... Operating costs Seed................................... Fertilizer.............................. Spray and dust......................... Cultural labor ......................... Machine hire........................... Gas, oil, grease....................... Repair and maintenance................. Interest on production Capital (14% 4 months).............. Miscellaneous expense.................. Total operating costs.................... Fixed Costs: Land rent.............................. Depreciation........................... Licenses and insurance.................. Interest on investment................ Total fixed costs........................ Harvesting and marketing costs Picking and packing.................... Containers............................. Hauling................................ Other.................................. Selling................................. Total harvesting and marketing costs..... Total costs.............................. Net return ............................... $1977.81 $1881.60 15.96 94.07 87.98 217.03 30.36 26.69 54.96 19.27 26.21 572.53 58.62 31.93 30.37 4.79 125.71 272.17 34.16 71.94 199.86 83.75 968.91 1667.13 310.68 22.13 135.58 111.31 212.17 38.32 31.12 55.09 34.92 34.82 675.46 73.84 25.61 33.27 5.97 138.69 362.40 381.12 94.56 250.08 102.72 1190.88 2005.03 -123.43 $3.920 1.407 0.289 .755 .794 .197 .521 .214 2.481 4.177 -.257 Table 13. PEPPERS: Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee area 5- season average 1976-80 and 1980-81 1976-80 1980-81 Season Average per Category Acre Acre bushels Yield (bushels) 629 392 Total receipts........................... $3775.05 $3175.20 $8.100 Operating costs Seed................................... 54.98 96.08 Fertilizer ............... .. .... ....... 272.15 304.47 Spray and dust.......................... 284.23 304.46 Cultural labor.......................... 457.84 490.90 Machine hire........................... 46.87 50.20 Gas, oil, grease....................... 101.95 160.98 Repair and maintenance................. 181.26 193.77 Interest on production Capital (14% 4 months)............. 68.68 119.75 Miscellaneous expense.................. 242.55 265.88 Total operating costs.................... 1710.51 1986.49 5.067 Fixed Costs: Land rent.............................. 54.98 76.51 Depreciation............................ 77.42 92.26 Licenses and insurance................. 83.10 110.84 Interest on investment................. 11.61 21.52 Total fixed costs........................ 227.11 301.13 .768 Harvesting and marketing costs Picking ............................... 453.78 333.20 .850 Grading and packing.................... 560.34 377.50 .963 Containers.................. ............ 335.67 224.22 .572 Hauling.................. .............. 135.77 91.34 .233 Selling................................. 125.58 101.92 .260 Total harvesting and marketing costs..... 1612.64 1128.18 2.881 Total costs.............................. 3601.89 3415.80 8.716 Net return................................ 173.16 -240.60 -.616 Table 14. PEPPERS: Costs and returns per acre in the Palm Beach-Broward area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81 1976-80 1980-81 Season Average per Category Acre Acre bushes Yield (bushels) 770 514 Total receipts........................... Operating costs Seed....................... ............ Fertilizer............................. Spray and dust......................... Cultural labor........................ Machine hire........................... Gas, oil, grease ....................... Repair and maintenance.................. Interest on production Capital (14% 4 months)............. Miscellaneous expense................... Total operating costs..................... Fixed Costs: Land rent............................ ... Depreciation........................... Licenses and insurance.................. Interest on investment.................. Total fixed costs........................ Harvesting and marketing costs Picking and packing................... Containers............................. Hauling................................ Selling................................ Total harvesting and marketing costs..... Total costs............................. Net return ............................... $4281.66 $4163.40 82.44 234.15 326.02 653.28 93.33 121.23 136.62 78.77 237.97 1963.81 74.42 72.97 145.14 10.94 303.47 652.63 391.56 140.97 169.42 1354.58 3617.87 663.79 104.03 262.68 410.81 687.26 71.24 143.81 134.84 135.12 267.61 2217.40 106.62 56.09 128.74 13.10 304.55 572.08 268.82 111.54 139.29 1091.71 3613.66 549.74 $8.100 4.314 .593 1.113 .523 .217 .271 2.124 7.031 1.069 Table 15. IRISH POTATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the Dade County area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81 1976-80 1980-81 Season Average per Category Acre Acre CWT. Yield (CWT.) 161 150 Total receipts........................... $1204.39 $2745.90 $18.306 Operating costs Seed ................................... 230.83 306.72 Fertilizer ............................. 104.61 131.93 Spray and dust......................... 104.94 151.59 Cultural labor........ .................. 101.20 140.77 Machine hire........................... 10.39 15.14 Gas, oil, grease....................... 28.87 58.49 Repair and maintenance................. 50.75 71.72 Interest on production Capital (14% 4 months).............. 23.47 49.26 Miscellaneous expense.................. 22.78 23.57 Total operating costs.................... 677.84 949.19 6.327 Fixed Costs: Land rent.............................. 74.63 89.89 Depreciation........................... 37.87 40.67 Licenses and insurance................. 53.32 65.18 Interest on investment.................. 5.68 9.50 Total fixed costs........................ 171.50 205.24 1.368 Harvesting and marketing costs Digging................................. 34.42 36.75 .245 Grading and packing.................... 171.54 182.55 1.217 Containers............................... 54.93 60.90 .406 Hauling................................. 31.97 35.40 .236 Selling ................................ 45.55 48.00 .320 Total harvesting and marketing costs..... 334.43 363.60 2.424 Total costs.... ........................... 1183.78 1518.03 10.119 Net return............................... 20.61 1227.87 8.187 Table 16. IRISH POTATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the Hastings area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81 1976-80 1980-81 Season Average per Category Acre Acre CWT. Yield (CWT.) 213 252 Total receipts............................ Operating costs Seed................................... Fertilizer ............................. Spray and dust......................... Cultural labor......................... Machine hire........................... Gas, oil, grease ....................... Repair and maintenance................. Interest on production Capital (14% 4 months).............. Miscellaneous expense.................. Total operating costs..................... Fixed Costs: Land rent.............................. Depreciation............................ Licenses and insurance................. Interest on investment.................. Total fixed costs........................ Harvesting and marketing costs Digging................................. Grading and packing ..................... Containers.............................. Hauling .............................. .. Selling........................... ..... Total harvesting and marketing costs..... Total costs ............................... Net return................................ $996.50 $2057.83 173.63 119.56 62.07 71.53 8.87 28.50 54.41 18.12 14.62 551.31 45.77 43.55 25.86 6.54 121.72 44.39 70.67 20.50 40.93 57.46 233.95 905.98 90.52 232.05 123.40 80.63 83.22 9.61 59.66 77.01 38.06 40.18 743.82 51.22 83.16 58.07 10.13 202.58 59.47 95.51 56.70 54.68 65.27 331.63 1278.03 779.80 $8.166 2.952 0.804 .236 .379 .225 .217 .259 1.316 5.072 3.094 Table 17. RADISHES: Costs and returns per acre in the Everglades area 5 season average 1976-80 and 1980-81 1976-80 1980-81 Season Average per Category Acre Acre 30-6 oz. Yield (30-6 oz.) 237 247 Total receipts........................... Operating costs Seed.................................... Fertilizer............................. Spray and dust......................... Cultural labor......................... Machine hire........................... Gas, oil, grease....................... Repair and maintenance................. Interest on production Capital (14% 4 months).............. Miscellaneous expense.................. Total operating costs.................... Fixed Costs: Land rent.............................. Depreciation........................... Licenses and insurance................. Interest on investment................. Total fixed costs........................ Harvesting and marketing costs Digging................................. Grading and packing.................... Containers............................. Hauling................................. Other................................... Selling................................. Total harvesting and marketing costs..... Total costs.............................. Net return ............................... $541.02 $570.57 17.06 21.41 20.78 36.68 3.65 11.16 25.80 2.59 6.29 145.42 18.58 10.50 11.01 1.57 41.66 19.82 118.42 91.44 13.45 31.50 274.63 461.72 79.03 21.98 21.86 12.57 39.72 3.44 17.82 30.73 5.30 10.85 164.27 26.14 11.12 16.17 2.59 56.02 32.36 85.46 86.45 20.99 25.94 34.33 285.53 505.82 64.75 $2.310 .665 .226 .131 .346 .350 .085 .105 .139 1.156 2.047 .263 18 Table 18. SQUASH: Costs and returns per acre in the Dade County area 5- season average 1976-80 and 1980-81 1976-80 1980-81 Season Average per Category Acre Acre bushels Yield (bushels) 149 154 Total receipts ........................... $1078.82 $1700.93 $11.045 Operating costs Seed ................................... 62.57 101.74 Fertilizer .................... ......... 84.34 109.57 Spray and dust.......................... 76.22 82.32 Cultural labor ......................... 78.04 82.31 Machine hire........................... 18.94 15.42 Gas, oil, grease....................... 35.75 55.04 Repair and maintenance................. 53.52 64.15 Interest on production Capital (14% 4 months).............. 15.70 31.55 Miscellaneous expense.................. 15.19 28.49 Total operating costs.................... 440.27 570.59 3.705 Fixed Costs: Land rent.............................. 54.93 81.57 Depreciation............................ 29.67 36.89 Licenses and insurance................. 42.98 54.99 Interest on investment................. 4.45 2.61 Total fixed costs....................... 132.03 176.06 1.143 Harvesting and marketing costs Picking and packing..................... 259.13 306.61 1.991 Containers.............................. 124.61 145.68 .946 Hauling................................. 26.42 33.26 .216 Selling ................................ 43.01 50.20 .326 Total harvesting and marketing costs..... 453.17 535.75 3.479 Total costs.............................. 1026.29 1282.40 8.327 Net return............................... 52.53 418.53 2.718 19 Table 19. SQUASH: Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee area 5- season average 1976-80 and 1980-81 1976-80 1980-81 Season Average per Category Acre Acre bushels Yield (bushels) 205 173 Total receipts ........................... Operating costs Seed................................... Fertilizer.............................. Spray and dust......................... Cultural labor......................... Machine hire........................... Gas, oil, grease....................... Repair and maintenance................. Interest on production Capital (14% 4 months).............. Miscellaneous expense.................. Total operating costs..................... Fixed Costs: Land rent.............................. Depreciation............................ Licenses and insurance................. Interest on investment................. Total fixed costs........................ Harvesting and marketing costs Picking................................ Grading and packing.................... Containers ............................ Hauling................................. Selling................................. Total harvesting and marketing costs..... Total costs.............................. Net return ............................... $1497.29 $1809.58 $10.460 29.25 136.84 62.33 101.18 18.76 38.58 32.87 15.00 14.22 449.03 34.58 28.75 31.29 4.31 98.93 188.16 142.59 165.39 50.90 64.85 611.87 1159.84 337.45 31.58 161.83 72.88 116.30 23.13 61.34 37.34 28.98 24.02 557.40 48.52 27.58 43.69 6.44 126.23 235.28 138.23 186.67 40.83 88.40 689.41 1373.04 436.54 .222 .730 1.360 .799 1.079 .236 .511 3.985 7.937 2.523 Table 20. SQUASH: Costs and returns per acre in the Palm Beach-Broward area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81 1976-80 1980-81 Season Average per Category Acre Acre bushels Yield (bushels) 117 150 Total receipts............................ Operating costs Seed.................................... Fertilizer ............................. Spray and dust......................... Cultural labor......................... Machine hire........................... Gas, oil, grease ....................... Repair and maintenance................. Interest on production Capital (14% 4 months).............. Miscellaneous expense.................. Total operating costs.................... Fixed Costs: Land rent............................ ... Depreciation........................... Licenses and insurance................. Interest on investment................. Total fixed costs........................ Harvesting and marketing costs Picking and packing.................... Containers............................. Hauling................................. Selling................................ Total harvesting and marketing costs..... Total costs............................... Net return............................... $971.09 $1663.20 $11.088 19.68 66.87 68.11 92.18 15.22 26.62 35.94 12.47 7.56 344.65 57.82 24.54 19.56 3.61 105.53 193.33 115.51 24.13 33.29 366.26 816.49 154.65 16.38 82.95 90.10 106.90 8.69 35.12 40.72 22.88 8.20 411.94 84.49 20.86 16.39 4.87 126.61 239.25 148.65 35.40 44.40 467.70 1006.25 656.95 2.746 .844 1.595 .991 .236 .296 3.118 6.708 4.380 Costs and returns per acre in the Dade County area 5- season average 1976-80 and 1980-81 1976-80 1980-81 Season Average per Category Acre Acre 30 Ibs. Yield (30 lbs.) 544 710 Total receipts........................... Operating costs Seed.................................... Fertilizer............................. Spray and dust......................... Cultural labor......................... Machine hire........................... Gas, oil, grease ....................... Repair and maintenance................. Interest on production Capital (14% 4 months).............. Miscellaneous expense.................. Total operating costs.................... Fixed Costs: Land rent.............................. Depreciation........................... Licenses and insurance................. Interest on investment................. Total fixed costs........................ Harvesting and marketing costs Picking................................ Grading and packing ..................... Containers............................. Hauling................................ Selling................................ Total harvesting and marketing costs..... Total costs.............................. Net return ............................... $3057.14 $4290.53 34.59 230.84 361.37 370.21 25.33 59.29 101.34 56.32 193.97 1433.26 62.51 68.16 62.28 10.22 203.17 321.22 586.56 307.68 99.56 105.68 1420.71 3134.66 77.52 47.53 244.79 456.45 499.94 28.83 98.72 120.56 116.81 339.54 1953.17 85.25 76.52 81.95 17.85 261.57 457.24 828.57 416.06 187.44 187.44 2076.75 4291.49 -1.06 $6.043 2.751 .368 .644 1.167 .586 .264 .264 2.925 6.044 -.002 Table 21. TOMATOES: Table 22. STAKED TOMATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee- Lee area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81 1976-80 1980-81 Season Average per Category Acre Acre 30 LBS. Yield (30 LBS.) 810 810 Total receipts........................... Operating costs Seed.................................... Fertilizer ............................. Spray and dust......................... Cultural labor ......................... Machine hire.......................... Gas, oil, grease ....................... Repair and maintenance................. Interest on production Capital (14% 4 months).............. Miscellaneous expense .................. Total operating costs..................... Fixed Costs: Land rent ......................... ..... Depreciation........... ............ .... Licenses and insurance................. Interest on investment................ Total fixed costs........................ Harvesting and marketing costs Picking................................ Grading and packing..................... Containers........................ ..... Hauling................................ Selling ................................ Total harvesting and marketing costs..... Total costs.............................. Net return................................ $4447.88 $4775.76 101.88 270.82 782.75 752.57 61.67 100.61 163.21 85.40 296.36 2615.27 63.06 93.60 83.78 14.04 254.48 485.40 789.30 424.30 144.42 134.10 1977.52 4780.07 332.19 130.02 319.01 464.73 824.58 56.90 155.82 200.93 155.06 306.15 2613.20 87.15 129.39 114.48 30.17 361.19 568.62 899.10 502.20 174.15 166.86 2310.93 5285.32 -509.56 $5.896 3.226 .446 .702 1.110 .620 .215 .206 2.853 6.525 -0.629 Table 23. STAKED TOMATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the Mantee-Ruskin area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81 1976-80 1980-81 Season Average per Category Acre Acre 30 lbs. Yield (30 Ibs. 813 980 Total receipts........................... Operating costs Seed ................................... Fertilizer ............................. Spray and dust......................... Cultural labor......................... Machine hire........................... Gas, oil, grease ....................... Repair and maintenance................. Interest on production Capital (14% 4 months)............. Miscellaneous expense.................. Total operating costs.................... Fixed Costs: Land rent ............................... Depreciation........................... Licenses and insurance................. Interest on investment................. Total fixed costs........................ Harvesting and marketing costs Picking................................ Grading and packing.................... Containers............................. Hauling................................ Selling ................................ Total harvesting and marketing costs..... Total costs ........................... ... Net return............................. $4554.25 $6850.20 91.36 211.74 249.29 531.88 29.09 94.40 111.06 61.49 174.12 1554.43 51.27 98.51 95.42 15.28 260.48 507.76 913.72 451.14 146.29 115.66 2134.57 3949.48 604.77 85.74 233.15 221.42 524.31 15.15 168.15 130.99 104.93 196.30 1680.14 59.63 129.53 153.04 22.88 365.08 947.66 1732.64 607.60 196.00 222.46 3706.36 5751.62 1098.58 $6.990 1.714 .373 .967 1.768 .620 .200 .227 3.782 5.869 1.121 Table 24. WATERMELONS: Costs and returns per acre in the Imokalee-Lee area 5-season average 1976-80 and 1980-81 1976-80 1980-81 Season Average per Category Acre Acre CWT. Yield (CWT.) 300 253 Total receipts........................... $1643.38 $1907.62 $7.540 Operating costs Seed ................................... 9.45 12.72 Fertilizer............................. 198.56 258.93 Spray and dust......................... 111.46 134.60 Cultural labor.......................... 143.84 141.87 Machine hire........................... 90.80 141.81 Gas, oil, grease....................... 40.21 67.23 Repair and maintenance................. 46.68 62.81 Interest on production Capital (14% 4 months).............. 27.15 55.92 Miscellaneous expense.................. 15.43 22.32 Total operating costs.................... 683.58 898.21 3.550 Fixed Costs: Land rent.............................. 35.98 62.69 Depreciation........................... 36.06 42.06 Licenses and insurance................. 31.34 47.62 Interest on investment.................. 5.41 9.87 Total fixed costs........................ 108.79 162.24 .641 Harvesting and marketing costs Cutting................................ 93.54 85.51 .338 Grading and packing.................... 75.42 72.61 .287 Containers............................ 15.55 13.41 .053 Hauling................................ 123.12 121.95 .482 Selling................................ 72.47 78.94 .312 Total harvesting and marketing costs..... 380.09 372.42 1.472 Total costs.............................. 1172.64 1432.87 5.663 Net return............................... 470.74 474.75 1.877 |