THE JOURNAL
S; of th e
ROSSICA SOCIETY
of

SRUSSIAN PHILATELY
.\ Silver Medals at Belgrade National Exhibition "Zefib 1937"and
the International Exhibition, Koenigsberg "Ostropa 1935"
Bronze Medals at the International Exhibition "Prafa 1935"and
Vienna International Exhibition "WIPA 1933"
Recent International Awards:
Silver Medals at Berlin,"Bephila 1957" Parana,"Eficon 1958"
and Buenos Aires,"Temex 1958"
Hamburg "Interposta 1959" Palermo "Sicilia 1959" "Barcelona 1960"
Johannesburg, S. A. "Unipex" 1960- Warsaw "Polska" 1960

No. POCHKa 19

OP[AH

PYcICOFO 3APYlIE)HOO hHAATEJIHf'CqEiKlOro
SObUi ECTBA.
Editor
Dr. Gregory B. Salisbury
49th and Locust Streets
Philadelphia 39, Pa., U. S. A.

EDITOR IN CHIEF

Hon. Momb. Dr. G. Bondarenko-Salisbury
I-
PUBLISHER AND ASSISTANTAN EDITOR PUBLISHER AND ASSISTANT EDITOR
ENGLISH EDITION RUSSIAN EDITION

Hon. Momb. R. A. Sklarovski Hon. Momb. A. N. Lavrov

BUSINESS EDITOR

Hone Momb. A. N. Lavrov

EDITORIAL BOARD

K. Adler Hon. Memb'.E. Marcovitch V. Kurbas K. Jansson

I N D E X

Page s

3-4 Editorial. From the Editorial Board. Life of the Society.
5-8 Cancellations on Russia No. 1. M. Liphschutz.
8-15 Covers of Interest.to Russian and U.S. Collectors. l. Kessler.
16-21 Notes on the Sheet Margins of the Ruble Values of Russia of 1904-1917.
C. de Stackolborg.
22 Proof Numeral Cancellation.of St. Petersburg (Figure ""1 in Circle of
Small Points). M. Liphschutz.
23-26 Flaws on.l0 R. Stamp of the 1906-1922 Issues. E. F. Newman.
27-28 B. S. R. P. Jubilee Display 24th Juno 1961. Zomstvo Post. C; C. Handford.
28-29 Reply to Baron Stackelborg. F. Julius Fohs.
29-31 Reply by Dr. C. de Stackclborg tc 1r. Foh's Comments. C. de Stackolberg.
31-35 Stamped Envelopes with Advertisoments. Kurt Adler.
35-38 Tannou Touva Survey. A. Cronin and W. S. E. Stephen.
39-44 A Now Check List of the Arms Type Issues of 1909-1923. C. do Stackolborg.
45-48 Postage Stamps, Revenue Stamps and Labels. E. Marcovitch.
49 Addenda to T. P. 0. Article of W. Kothro and J. Barry in No. 59. V. Kurbas.
50-51 List of Railway Routes 1912-1918 with Distances. W. C. E. Kothro & J. Barry
51-55 Notes from Collectors
56 Commentary to Kordnkov's Catalogue No. 1. V. Ushkov.
57-58 Scout Post. R. Polchaninoff.
58,56 The Stamp for the Shinote Aliny Meteorite and its Perforations. N. Vladinetz
59-61 Supplement to N. I. Kordakov's Catalog No. 4. W. M. Ouchkov.
62-64 Stamped Envolcpes of Irperial Russia. R. Sklarovski.

No. 61 Page 1

*

Due to lack of space the listsof the officers of the Society, honorary
Members.and the Representative of the Society have been omitted from this
issue of the Journal.

A very successful meeting was again held in New York this year, attended
by numerous collectors and dealers.

At the business meeting the following were elected as Honored Members
by the Board, for exceptional services to Rossica Society:

Vice President A. Kotlar
Member of the Editorial Board V. Kurbas
Chair1anof the Numismatic Section Paper Money Circle -K. A. Jansson
Ross.ca representative of San Francisco Branch Cal forn a

Attached to this Journal is a ballot for election of two members to
serve on the Auditing Committee with Kurt Adler, Chaiman. Both of the
candidates were nominated in Now York by the members of the Rossica
Society convenedlat a General Meeting. ..
ooooooooooooooood

Views expressed by the authors :in this Journal are their own and the
editors disclaim rosonsibility.

oooooo00000000000000

"Membership dues are $3.00 per. annum f-or all countries. Application
forms which must be filled out, are available upon request. Membership
lists, code, bulletins and supplements to membership lists will be sent out
annualy. Kindly make" chocks payable to A. N. Lavror instead of Dr. G. B.
Salisbury.
"o00.oo00oooooo qoooo

-We welcome advertisements from members, non members and dealers. Full
page add is $30.00, half.page $15.00, quarter page $7.50, and 5 lines $2.50.
Members of Rossica pay 50% of above rates. Net cost of advertisements to
a member is therefore 25 cents per line. We have on sale some back issues
of the Journal, both in English and Russian.
ooooooooooooooodo

No. 61 Page 2

*

EDIT ORIAL

At the recent American Philatelic Congress meeting of the Specialist
groups a plan was formulated for a central repository of information of use
to all of the societies and philatelists in general. Each specialist group
was asked to make up an index of all the worthwhile publications, articles,
journals and books, within its field. All of these lists will then be or-
ganized into a giant file of use to all, especially to those who seek data
for research.

Our society actively participated in the discussions and promised full
cooperation. We already have a published list of contents of our journals,
and an index of Rossica and B.J2R.Pq, as well as lists of private libraries
of our members. We urge all of you to send in lists of books journals and
articles held by you, detailing the names of articles and authors of worth-
while information. We shall do the rest.

Yhe immense field of Russian philately overlaps many other fields. There
are many articles published by other societies of interest to us. We may cite
a few. China groups often publish data on Russian Offices in China. Levant,
Israel Groups write about Russian Offices in Turkey,'alostinO, etc. The
Japanese society covers frequently the Russo-Japanoso War. Gornal Philatelic
Society publishes interesting data on German Occupation of Russia. We can go
on and on. Most of.this material is lost to us, and the plan of a general
index covering all fields will enable us to select eooded data from the pub-
lications of other specialist societies. We urge all of you to cooperate.

From the Editorial Board

In spite of the heart breaking difficulties of the past year ye never-
theless are issuing both of our journalss on time. We proudly present a
varied fare of interest to all of our readers. M. Liphschutz begins a series
of articles based on.his fabulous collection of Imperial Russia. M. Kessler
is featured in a pioneering study of a field of interest to us and to the
collectors ofU.S..material, up to now a no-man's land. Mr. Stackolberg
presents an unusual research on shoot margins, while E. F. Newman gives a
detailed study of the flaws of 10 rouble 1906-1922 issue. C. C.-Handford
lists his Zemstvo treasures shown at the BSRP Jubilloo Meeting, and F. Julius
Fohs and Mr. Stackolborg debate the subject of the so called "chalk-lines".
We continue our policy of reprinting from the unobtainable and obsolete early
Rossica Journals, the latest being a study of "Entites with Advertisements"
by K. Schmidt, No. 37, brought up to date by K. Adler.

Our journal continues with the serials of Tanna Touva by Messrs. Cronin
and Stephen, Check list by Stackelberg, Notes from Collectors1 T.P.O. by
Barry and Kethro and Entires by R. A. Sklarovski.

Collectors of paper money will enjoy the article by V. Ushkov, specialist:
in labels will like the articles by E. Marcovitch and P. Polchaninoffp while
those who collect modern issues will welcome the study of the Shinote Meteor-
ite stamp, by N. Vladinotz.

No. 61 Page 3

*

In No. 62 we are featuring. "Gems from the P. Davidsonts Colloction" by
Samuel Ray, the 1st Issue of K I T A I OverpAnts' by Dr. A. H. Wortman,
"%-ad Abroad" by Gordon Torr.oy, "Revenue Stamps of -Imperial Russia" by E.
Farcovitch, and many" other major works.

'L i f e o f t h e S o c i e t y

"We salute our members who have won high honors at exhibitions during
the past year. We can only single out a few and we urge all of you who win
prizes, publish material or actively participate in Philatelic Societies to
Inform us. The Grand Award at S E P A D was won by.L:. .W.- Christenson, the
Sb bst:foreign at. A P S Convention :was won by P. Davidson, whlle the Gold
n0codal at S 0 J E X was received by.tydia Callahan#--
Our Editor spoke'at Collectors Club, S 0 J E .and at-S E PA Do as well
as at the American Philatelic Congress meeting. His 20 page article on
Imperial Russia The Romanov Tercentenary Issue of 1913 appeared in the
latest American PhilateliCongrosO.Book..

K. A. Jansson, our .Repeseontative in San Francisco forms us -that his
group has met more than 50 times: during the past two years). Many new mem-
"bers have joined our society. .-Article freom our Journal-havo been reprinted
in the local Russian Newspaper,; Recently "Day of Russian Cul.turoef was cele-
S'"brated at the Museum of.Russian Culture, whose vice-presidont is our member
N' .A.A Slobodchikov,

Our Hon. Member E. Marcovitch now lives in Paris at 10, Rue Jouvenet,
Paris (16 e). He informs us that he' is doing photographic reproductions
of philatelic material in color and in black and white. He is likewise
"' dealing in stamps.. Please contact him. ...

We have added .more than 50 now mdmbeor since the last printed addition
to memborshi'plist. A now list will be issued soon. .

As this Journal is going to press we. sadly- announce the sudden death
of P, P. Jemtschoujin, out esteemed and valued member.

page 4 No. 61

Page 4 No. 61

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CANCELLATIONS ON RUSSIA No 1
by M. Li-hschutz

A very important list of cancellations on Russia No 1 has been published
by Mr. V. Rachmanoff in the Collectors Club Philatelist, New York, in Septem-
ber 1953, and reproduced in Rosrsica Journal No 51 in 1957. In the same Jour-
nal Mr. P. M. Davidson has published a supplementary one.

In Nos 23 & 24 of B.J.R.P., Larch September 1958, Dr. A, H. Worbman
has given a new and very extensive list of cancellations including a lot of
numeral obliterations.

The purpose of the present article is to complete the above lists by the
cancellations not yet published. All the following obliterations belong to
my collection except where the name of another collection is indicated.

List of Cancellations

Single Line Undated
Novogrudck (on cover)
Pavlovsk (Fig. 1)
Letichev (on cover a woodcancel Fig. 6)
Balashov (on cover)
Mogilev (in big script letters of "Bordichcv" type)
Borshchovka (in small script otters)
Kargopol (on cover coll. Dr. J. Schatzkcs, Paris)
Golbstadt (Fig. 8)

Two Line Undated
Yokaterinoslav Gubornski (YokaterinisTav
G&.bernski)
Veisonstoin (Voison
stoin) Fig. 2

Two Line Dated
Koretskoi Stantsii (Korets) on cover (Fig. 10)
Shatsk (on cover coll. Dr. J. Schatzkes, Paris)
Pskov (Fig. 9)
Lubna
Nakhichovan na Donu (on cover)
Grobin (in blue coll. Dr. J. Schatzkos, Paris)

Throo Line Dated
Warsaw (in rod coll. Dr. J. Schatzkos, Paris)

Rectanpular Framed Undated
Tulchin (abbrov. Tulch. Fig. 3)

Rcctangllar Framco Datod
Mtsensk
Staraia F.usa (on cover)
Vladimir Volinski(abbrov. VLadim. Volin. fig. of the date manuscript F.4)
Hapsal

Pago 5 o 0.61

Kostroma
Fellin (Fig. 5)
Nerokhta (in blue)
Kursk (on cover Fig. 1.)
Nizhni Novgorod Fair (three lines coll. Dr. J. Schatzkes, Paris)
S.P.Burg (Fig. 20 of V. Rachmanoff) in red and blue
Pernov (coll. Mr. A. Pre*biano, Paris)

Double Circle Dated
Mitau Mitava Tbilingual on cover) (Fig. 12)

Single 'Oval Dated
Saratov'(on cover) (Fig. 13)

"Numeral Obliterations

Circular Typo
14 Zhitomir (on cover)
22 Kishinev
37 Revel (on cover)

Oval Typo
1 Brest (on cover coll. Dr. J. Schatzkes, Paris)

Rectangular Type
33 Viloika
39 Oshmiani
40 Sventsiani
45 Drissa (on cover)
93 Yolabuga
130 Lutsk
144 Sviajsk (colt. Dr. J. Schatzkos, Paris)
154 Kozoldf
165 Biolaia Tsorkov
178 Chigirin
221 KErpinsk
354 01gopol
359 Yarmolintsi
419 Potrovsk
452 Orokhov
593 Baku (coll. Mr. A. Frejbiano, Paris)

Trunccted Triangular Type
103 Yanov
213 Domonovichi
221 Liubiadi
466 Anastasovskaia

Concentric Ring Type (Poland)
58 Kodon
236- Ozorkow
239 Nieszawa (on cover) (Fig. 14) (Soo footnote)
P.P. (Praga Station in Warsaw)

No. 61 Page 6

The readers of Rossika who do not possess the Nos 23 & 24 of B.J.R.P.
will find below the list of Dr. Wortman, which with that of Messrs.
Rachmanoff and Davidson and mine constitute the most complete list of
cancellations on Russia No. 1.

Single Line Undated
Kholm (Sir John Wilson)
Sumi (W.H .. Huddy)

Two Line Dated
Ovruch (Sir John Wilson)
Rovno (A. Fabcrge)
Storlitamak (H.C. Goss)

Rctangular Framed Dated
Astrakhan (H.F. Bleaso)
Nikolaev (Sir John Wilson)

Double Oval
Riazan (A.H. Wortman)

Nuroral Obliterations

Circular Typo
2 Arkhangolsk 12 Yokatorinoslav 41 Saratov
5 Vilna 17 Kaluga
9 Voronozh 18 Kicv
11 Grodno 21 Kursk

ReoctanPilar 7J'
46 Krioslavl (in rcd) 238 InlIks 294 Chcropovots 580 Aleksikovo
80 Bobrov 246 Ecb-uisk 326 Saransk
1C4 Biolostok 250C ?nsk 356 Tulchin
150 Chistopol 266 Chechorsk 395 Follin
180 NovoaloksandroTvs 208 Chirikov 451 Molitopol
209 Oboyan Z klc Shklcv 528 Qhcrn
235 Windau 289 Modviod 579 Starodub

Oval Typo
2 Vladimir Volinsk

Hoeagonal Typv
1 St. Potorsburg Railway Station, Nikolai Railway
2 Moskow Station, Nikolai Reilway

Truncated Triangular Type
610 Shelopuldinskaia

Concentric Ring Typo
6 Kaluszyn 50 Ostrow(in rod) 85 Hrubieszow
27 Szaki 69 Wegrow 124 Pinczow
28 Suwalki 70 Sokolow (in red and black) 14C Bialobrzegi

Page 7 No. 61

141 Kozionice 167 Zarki 193 Blaszki
161 Klomnice(in rod) 174 Stroemioszyco 197 Zdunska Wola

Error of Date st January 157

Mr. V. Rachmanoff in his article reproduced in Rossica No 51, mentions
an error of cancellation, 1st January 1857 instead of 1st January 1858,
result of carelessness on the part of the postmaster. This.cancellation
comes from one of the post offices in Moscow. I have had the opportunity to
find this cancellation on a piece illustrated hereby (Fig. 7).

Footnote: Polish cancellation NIESZAWA No 239 (Fig. 14)

The letter shown on the photo constitutes a rather curious specimen.
The cancellation is formed simultaneous by red and black circles and the
number 239 figures twice, once in rod and once in black, forming a cross.
This can be explained as follows: the circular of 15/27 March 1858 introdu-
cing numeral cancellations on the postofficos of the Polish Kingdom pro-
scribed particularly the use of black ink for cancellations, excluding any
other color. It is to be supposed that the post-employoo who had made the
cancellation with red ink, as he used to do, has realized his error in the
last moment. Fearing a blame he has very carefully placed the black cancel-
lation on the four red circles and has succeeded to point circle in circle.
As to the number he has been loss successful and the black number 239 has
crossed the already printed rod one (Fig. 14f. '(Unfortunately the rod number
has not appeared clearly on the photo).
oooooooooooooooooooo
00C000000000000OOOO OO CC0000000000000000C OO000000000000 0000000C00C
0 0
o ERRORS AND VARIETIES o
o 0 o
o Large solocticn Accumulation of 35 years Russiap Border states, o
o 0
o (Lithuania, Latvia) and many other countries, o
o o
"o Also specialized in AIRMAILS and TOPICALS U. N., Rotary, U.P.U., .0
"o Refugee, Europa, Olympic, etc., etc. Please write for details or o
o approvals, o
o S, Serobrakian. Inc. P. 0. Box 48 Monroo. New Tork o
00OOOOcOCOOOocOO OO0000000oooc oooooooo00 0000C0000000000O0000 00000000000000
COVERS OF INTEREST TO RUSSIAN AND U.S. COLLECTORS
by lvin Kosslor
When I first became intorotoed in stamps and covers of Imperial Russia,
I had little idea that some of them might be combined with my :.S. collecting
interests. After acquiring a "bootleg" or out-of-the-mails cover dated 1857
from Arkhangolsk, Russia, destined for Boston, where a "three cont" 1851, had
boon affixed to the cover for delivery in Boston (to avoid paying "two cent*
ship fee for carrying the letter), the possibility of combining the two in-
torests became a reality. (This cover was described in detail on page
47 of Rossica Journal No.59). The aforementioned cover indicated to me that

No. 61 Page 8

that a philatolic subject field oxistod that was worthy of further invost-
igation. The report on cover, just mentioned, motivated Dr. G. B. Salisbury
to ask mo if I would writo a papor that would show whoro the Russian and
U.S. philately dovetailod by describing covers which would servo tho intorosr-
of the Russian and U.S. collecting groups. Tho result of the above has boon
this preliminary study to learn more about this kind of material available,

Although tho philatelic oxamplcs discussed in this study are mostly
from Russian collections, I boliovo, hornvor, that they may not be fully
approviatod by tho majority of collectors of Russian and U.S. covers. Tho
initial study indicates that it might be possible to assign broad subject
categories or groupings to theso covers in respect to periods, usages, postal
history, and other groupings which may become moro evident with the follow
up of the moro detailed study. In a fow instances, subject groupings have
already boon made. One example is the Postal Services of the Amorican Ex-
poditionary Farces (IAF) in Russia, during and after World War I. (Soo, the
"Mail of the Ab E F. Amorican Expeditionary Forces 1917-1921" by H.M.
Sanford American Philatost Handbook Series 1940, No. 2, Whole No. 7).
L jso, the ".E.F. in Siberia" by C.D.Bronnor, typoscript,dato urknown.
Undoubtedly, the event of the Amorican occupation troops boing in Russian
territory at that time, account for the dual demand for those covers, They
are philatolically desirable as woll as being historical documents attesting
to U.S. occupation of Russia, and because of those two aspects, admirably
characterize the common ground of lAorican and Russian philatelic interests.
In another instance, Dr. G. B. Salisbury in his article "IRussian America,
Postal History of a Forgotten Era", whicn appoarod on pages 20 to 26, of
Rossica Journal 44, describes the Russian Alaskan postal activities, which
included U.S. and Canadian transiting of Russian MIail, and which obviously
illustrate a subject of interest to Russian and U.S. collectors.

An oxmination of other covers, similar to those described in this study,
roveal that they may enhance or complomont ones collection, whether the
covers originated in Russia or in the U.S. Such covers usually contain
postal marking or/and other stanpod or manuscript notations not ordinarily
found on dcmostic covers of either country, with exception of censor labels
or markings found on Russian covers used during World War I. In addition,
the historical interest that some covers offer, adds to their obvious phila-
telic worth. In other words, the field of study is not limited to a short
chonological periods, covering the operation of the Amorican Rod Cross,
American Relief Administration or 1EF, but oxtonds, as will be soon to a
study of covers from 18th to 20th century. Thus, a wide latitude from the
pro-adhosivo era is open to collectors for individual concentration by
periods or subject matter.

Since this is an initial article, the subject of which can grow, with
the cooperation of Russian and U.S. collectors, it would bo appreciated if
Rossica readers communicate with the writer to enable him to record similar
material in their possession that might contribute to the continuance of this
study. Naturally, the continuance of this study is greatly dependent upon
the rospmco of the readers. Some covers, may be philatolically common, but
raro from historical point of view, such as those of Ross Winans and his two
sons, who lived in Russia and helped to build railroads.(Soc the notes on
Cover 3, discussed later in this article). Furthrorro, now postal history

Pago 9 Page 61

data heretofore little known or associated with this matorialmay be brought
to light from the cancellations, markings, and their usages.

The covers doscribod in this study are from various collections, whoso
ownorsgraciously allowed mo to oxamino thair collections or loaned mo covers
for recording and supplied me twth additional data they thought would be
helpful. Dr. G. B. Salisbury, Dr. L. Snogiroff, and Col. E. Princo have boon
o especially helpful in allowing mo to oxamino material in their collections,
some of which I doscribo in this study.

.-1. A folded lottor from Kronstadt. Russia datod Julyv 9 1793 addressed to
S. Providonco, Rhodo Island. Ownor Dr. L.'Snogiroff.

SThe aforomoetionod letter was deposited in Now York, and forwarded
to MossrS; Brown, Bonson and Ivos, Morchants, Providonco, Rhodo Island,
-by the regular U.S.Mail channels. The black, straight lino, N. York
handstampp, with dato "OC 21 (Oct 21, 1793), measures 49 mm. The contents
of. tho letter begin: "Capt. John Arnold will be the boaror of this. Ho
sails the first wind and touches at tho city of Copenhagon. Tho lottor
was written by Capt. William Rodman of the ship Hamilton,

Comments. It sooms that the practice of sending letters outside of the
mails was not uncommon, and as in this caso, might bo a cour-
tesy "hand carry of a letter" for a deposit in the Now York
Mail Office This, likowiso, was a moans of avoiding the pay-
mont of the "ship foo" for transporting of a letter across the
Atlantic Ocean,
This is a very oarly dated letter from Russia. Does any one
havo, or soon an earlier onoe.

2. A Russiann Stioloss: covor, datod Novombor 8. 1856, from St. Potersburg
to Nowark N ,.j orsoy Via Liverpool por Prussian Closed Mailr. Omwno
Col. E. Prince

The aforementioned cover is addressed to the ITonorablo William Wright.
U-.S. Snator, Nowark, N.J., and has the St. Petersburg, black diamond
marking, dated "8/X1T 1856" on obverso. On the front is the circular
Aachon "Paid 25 OGz- rod marking, and ovormarking it is a Now York
American Packeot ". IT 30" for the reto and "PAID". In manuscript is
written "Via Liverpool per Prussian Closed Mail" and "franco .

Comments. Arathor scarce cover. The Prussian Closed Mail agreement bo-
cano effective on October 16, 1852, and was similar to other
-postal exchange agroomonts with European countries for desig-
nated points The "30 cents" rate for oz. letters was ro-
ducbd to r28 counts" in 1861. The markings wo.o ither of
British or American Packet, and wore applied to show soa-
transit, and also for proper distribution of the bulk oxchango
rate and for.. statistical accounting. The rate division on
west bound mail from Aachen was a little different than for
east bound mail from the United States.

The letter described above was a prepaid letter to Aachon.
Prepaid letters to Lachon (Aix La Chapollo) transit exchange
No. 61 Page 10

office usually had the rectangular "iAAC N/FRANCOC rocoiving
marking, and at a later period loss froquontly a circular mark-
ing, for mail to be dispatched to western European points or
beyond. According to the United States-Prussian mail agroomont,
mail wont through England or Bolgium, Tracy W. Simpson, on
pages 91 to 107, of his "United States Postal Markings and
Rolatod Aail Sorvices, 1851 to 18611, published in Borkeoly,
California, in 1959, details the European foreign mail oexhange
agroomonts and United States markings.

3. Two Postal History covers portainin to American and Russian Railroad
Dbvolopnont of WIIA3S. Owner Col. E. Prince.

United States Cover. The cover boars a 3 cent U.S. 1851 (Scott
No. -) stamp, postmarked with a circular Baltimoro, Md. cancellation.
A manuscript marking 11357" is presumably the year the cover was rocoived.
The cover interest to us is in the rod, oval corner car, which roads
"Ross Winans. Locomotive Engine and Patent Ring Wheel Manufacturor,
Baltimoro, Ed."

Russian Cover and Lotter. This cover boars five I kopok stamps
(Scott No. 12), tied to the cover with circular St. Petersburg cancel-
lation, in red, and dated "1l Aug 1867 ". The- cover is addressed in
English to "'ossrs. Winan Brothors, Esq.", followed by address in Russian,
reading "na staroi Chugunoi 10 verstoy po Schlissolburgskoi dorogi"or
"At the GLd iron Works, 10 versts on Schlissolburg Road".

Fortunately, the noet cover is accompanied by a letter dated August
15, 1367, St. Petersburg. It was written by the St. Petersburg repro-
sentative of the Bochum Society (Company), whose business was presumably
manufacturing of stool. The letter refers to axles that the company was
offering to Winans brothers for Rursian railroad cars.

Copmonts. Little more is to be said about the two covers and the connect-
ion which the Winans family had in manufacturing locomotives
and their part in building of Russian railroads. Other covers
and correspondence tho father and the sons, companies and the
sons in Russia, and the Whistlors, would undoubtedly add to
the historical interest of their individual activities in
Russia. According to Col. E. Prince, the Whistlor corrscpondonc
is in the rare manuscript room of the New York Public Library.
leoxandro Tarsaidze in his book "Czars and Presidents. The
Story of a Forgotton Friondship", published by McDowell,
Obolondky, New York, 1953, on pages 123 to 131t mentions the
brothers Winrns and their railroad work in Russia.

Background of the WINA1S and their connections with AmCrican nnd Russian
railror.ds.

A little background about Ross Winans and his sons will serve to
place them inmorican and Rucsian railroad developments, and it is fortu-
nato that two covers oxist, one an American and the other Russia, dated
1857 and 1867, rospoctively.

Page 11 No. 61

Ross Winans was a locomotive engine builder who had a plant in Baltimoro,
Maryland, whoro he manufactured locomotive engines and whools. He was the
ddsignor of the "Camolback" locomotive, an oarly version of the steam locomo-
tivo, and an inventor of many railroad improvements.,

In 18401sp Winans sent his two sons, Thomas and William, to Russia, upon
invitation of tho Russian governmont,to build twlvo locomotives which they
started to produce in 1843 at a factory in Aloksandrovsky. At Kolpino a
machine shop was established, whore 2,500 serfs wore hired to work. It was
thoro that the first true Russian railroad engineers received their training.
It might be of interest to note here that another American who contributed
significantly to the development of Russian railroads was Major Goorgo
Washington Whistlor, the father of James McNoil Whistlor, the famous American
painter, who incidentally received his initial art training in 1851 at the
ago of 17 at' the St. Pttorsburg Imperial Academy of Art* George Whistler,
a ronown railroad onginoor in the U.S., was invited by the Russian government
to be in charge of laying the St. Petersburg Moscow railroad line. He
actually laid out the route and worked hand in hand with the Winans brothers,
probably in making specifications for the locomotives for the track design.

4. An Amorican Cover from Boston, datod April 2_, 1878, addressed to
Ourrmiah, Porsia. Ownmor Dr. L. Srogroff. Transit Cover.

Tho aforomontioned cover was mailed in Boston and has on its front
the following markings:

a. Boston, Mass circular postmark, in black, dated "Apr 24, 2PM",
tying a U.S. 5 cent blue Taylor.
b. Boston, circular postmark, in rod, reading "April 24 PAID ALL

c. At tho bi*otom of the covers circular Russian postmark, in black,
roads DjLinsk P.O." (Djulfa Poctovoye Otdolenio or Post Offico),
date "17 ilaya 1873" (May 17, 1878 or May 29 Now Stylo), and a
fancy scroll at the bottom.

The letter is addressed to Isa C..Stocking, care of Rev. William
Stocking, Ourrmiah, Persia.

There are five postal transit markings on-the back of the cover:

a. Black, oval "Triosto 9/5 1ON 1878'. 9/5 (May 9), 10 N (timo).
b. Moscow, black, double lined circle datoed3 May 1878" (May 15 -
Now Style), and 'V EKS(P (5th Station).
c. A railway zar, blacI; oval marking roading"Pochtovyi Vagon No. 51.
53", and dated "4 i'ay 1878" (May 16-Now Style).
d. A similar postrnk as ."c", except it is dated 6 May 1878' (May 18-
Now Stylo) and in -adlition has a marking "Station 27".
o. A bilingual, circular TABRIZ (Persian and French), probably a
receiving postmark. The date on the marking could not be doterminod

Comments. Using the Now Style dates we se.o that the cover reached Djulfa
in 35 days. Djulfa is aRudso-Porsian town, on the main road
from Erivan to Tabriz. This cover is a most interesting one.

No.61 Pago 12 i

5.. Illustrated U.S.Postal Card Commemorating The Russo-Japanese Peace
Conference at Portsmouth, N.H. (Au. 1905). Owner Author

*Urnited States Postal Card. On the front is a green I cent US
Franklirn of regular issue, tied to the card by a black machine, circular
and wavy flag cancellation of Portsmouth, .H,, dated August 14, 1905.
The card is addressed to li:ss Elizabeth Eaton Boit, Wakefiold, MIass, and
has a circular receiving postnar], of that city, dated Aug. 15, 1905. The
obverse and message side of the card has the seal of the city of Ports-
mouth, T. H., in red, flanked by black letters reading "Russia Japan
Peace Conference August 1905". The message roads "AM. Witte and Baron
Rosen send best regards." Signed C'hristy."

Comments: It is unnecessary to go into the history of the Russo-Japaneso
WaKr here, except to mention that following the disastrous
Russian setbacks at Iukdon and Tsushima, the tsar, early in
Juno 1905 accepted the U.S. offer, initiated by President
Theodore Roosevelt, to mediate a peace settlement betwoon
Japan and Russia, Negotiations were started on August 9 and
the Peace Treaty was signed on 25th at the Portsmouth Naval
Base. S. Hitter, Minister of Finance, and Bnron R. Roson,
diplomat, were the Russian representatives. Because of his
success as a negotiator in obt-ining favorable terms for Russia.
Uitto was rewarded with the title of a count.

The cover is postmarked during the period of negotiations
which makes it a philatelic and historical item. Who Christy
is and what connection Eiss Boit had with Witto and Rosen is
not known. The aforementioned post card illustrates uniquely
th.- it has a place not only in U.S. and Russian collections,
but 4lso in Japanese collection. It is also a logical comple-
ment to a colloctien of Russo*Japanes War covers.

6. US. Postal Card dated January 29s 1918 with SERVICE SUSPENDED marking.
DOner Dr. G. E. Salisbury. (Soo covers Nos. 7 & 11 for other info-
rmntion on "Sorrice Susucndcd" co-crs.)

United Statos Postal Card. One cent ombossed post card with 1 cent
stamp of 1916is cancelled Willimatic, Conn., Jan 29, 1919. The card is
addressed in Russian to tla., Vitobsie GQbornia and is hanstnapcd wTith
U.S. magenta, enclosed in a rectangle, straight line marking "SERVICE
Suspended." There is an adaiticnal notation "NOT ON ROUTE........",
with 8 nuomrals of mnuoral, "'1 to lC' penciled out.

Comments. The Service Suspendod" handstamp probably was used often on
mail addrossod to Russia, during World War I and immndiatoly
there oftcr.

7. United States cover, dated Februar 25, 191.8 with SUSPEhIED MAIL
label, addirossed to.Russia. Ownor Dr. G. B. Salisbury.

U. S. Cover., The aforemcntioned cover front New York, N. addressed
to Russia boars a 5 cent blue, Washington stamp of 1916-20 period,
cancelled "Feb 25". Pasted to the cover is Now York Post Offico Forn

Page 13 No. 61

3-1-18, which was a foreign station printed notation for return to sender
of mail dostinod for Roumania, Northern Persia and Russia, except Finland.

The following printed extract, on the label, from the Post Office
Dopartmont;o3DAILY BULLETIN ', dated Fobruary 21, 1918, roads: Announco-
mont that tho Swedish Administration has suspended mail to tho above
countries. Mail rocoived from Roaunania N.P. (Northern Persia) and Russia,
except Finland "specially marked by the sendors for dispatch via the
Pacific, such mail may be despatched to the Pacific Coast exchange post
offices for transmission by the Pacific routo." Signed: Second Assistant
Postmaster General Otto Praogor.

Comments. The above usage indicates an eample whore a foreign country,
in this case Swodon, administered transmission of mail from one
country to a number of foreign countries because of the military
stato of affairs, and saw fit to suspend the mail to the indica-
ted countries, but mails from the U.S, would be rerouted VIA
the PACIFIC to roach their destination.

From the above usage one gets the impression that the mail
goes through, whenever possible, oven though under trying cir-
cimstancos, such as world war. It seems to me that other
countries would be on the suspended list list likewise, because
they wore in critical military areas.

Amorican Rod Cross Cover from Russia. dated May 21, addressed to United
States, during World War I (the yoar date not givon). Owner W. Rico.

American Rod Cross Cover mailed from Russia. The aforementioned
cover which .was mailed from Kiov Russiaqis addressed to Chicago, Illinois,
has no stap o-. i, and has a circular cancellation, dated "21-5"
(May 25), year -illgiblo. On the obverse of the cover is a printed return
address. "American Rod Cross H spital, Polytochnical Institute, Kiof", and
an additional notation "Addross all mail Care of American Embassy,
Petrograd." The obverse, likewise has a "D. Ti", Russian censor circular
marking, in magenta color, and a round American Red Cross handstampod
.seal with a solid 'cross" in the center

The front of the cover is similarly handstampod with a double circle
marking, with a cross in the contorL and inscription, reading "American
Red Cross." The marking is in magcrnta color. A double circle, orange
rod, handstamp, in Russian abbreviations roads "Ross. Obsh. Kr. Kr.
Gospital1 Otriad Sov-,Ia.:c, Sod. Sht." (Russian Rod Cross. Hospital
Detachment of the Unibod Sta',os of North Amorica).

The front of the cover is handstampod QPOSTAGE FREE". The aforemen-
tioned frank was authorized by the Imperial Russian Govornment for the
use of the members of the Rod Cross. Below this is a handstamp in Russian
script, reading "Sovoro-AmorikanskiyoSoodinnonyo Shtaty" or "United
States of North America"

Comments. Although the American Rod Cross has never boon an official
organ of the U.S. government, it has operated closely with
American occupation troops during World Wars I and II, aside
Page 14 No. 61 i

from its many humanitarian directed activities in aiding unfortunate citi-
zens and oven wholo cities and largo areas whore a distress situation might
ariso. In the case of tho Rod Cross in Russia during World War 1, the
organization was chartered by a foreign (U.S.) government, but was allowed
to receive free franking privileges in Russia. This is quito unusual.

Many combinations of thoso handstamps probably o-:st, and a represent-
ative collection of those markings could show various Rod Cross installat:
ions in Russia during and aftor World War I. It would scem that the spe-
cial franking privilege described above was not extended to all organiza-
tions engaged in benevolent activities. Does anyone have further informa-
tion on this subject.

It may be added hero, that the type of covers just described, would
fit oxcolontly in a topical collection of medical or charitable activities,
or for that matter, in a collection of covers showing Rod Cross activitos
during the periods of assistance in countries all over the world.

9. Russian Cover from Arkhaneolcsk dated March 14, 1919, censored by U.S.
Int"olligonco. Owner C o_ E. Prince.

Russian Cover censored b TJ _ftolligonco Forcos. The cover is
frarnkd with a pair of Russian 15 kop, impcrforate stamps (Scott No. 125),
and tied with a black, double circle Arkhangolsk handstanp, dated 14
March 19191'. The cover is addressed to the Columbus Forgo and Iron Co.,
Columbus, Ohio, and has a printed corner card return address of the Tokhni-
choskoe Tovarlshchestvo, Arkhangclsk- The obverse has the same type of
postmark but dated March 16, 199, two days later. On the back, in the
center, is a magenta handstamp marking, reading "IIrTLLIC0NCE G.H.Q.
Northern Rucssia Exp(editionary Force Passed by Censor". This is initialed.
Toward the Ic:. ;-Ido is a censor lcbol 'Oponod by Censor 5237" covering
up the opened position of the letter.

Comments. Perhaps one of the few omamples of intelligence acting as a
censor of mail and so stated on the cover. On the other hand,
any form of security has a hand in intelligence. According to
Col. Eugene Prince, who owns this cover, the allied intelligence
censorship division in northern Russia during World War I censored
the prue, Russian and foreign mail and tolographic messages.
The allied intelligence division was made up of a joint command
consisting of British officers, one lAmorican and one French
officer and a staff. Probably the ArkhangPlsk handstamps were
used for Russian correspondence. Some letters were subject to
further censorship by the British when the letter wore on transit
through England. A recent book by E M. Halliday, "The Ignorant
Armics, Harper and Brothers, N. Y., 1960, tolls the story of the
U.S. forces in 'lorthornriussia during 191F-1919. The cover is
rather scarce and is highly desirable. Note that it has been
censored twice, possibly in England, but I am not sure of this.
C3Cc:OOCOO000000

to b: continued

No. 61 Page 15

NOTES ON THE SHEET MARGINS OF TIE
RUBLE VALUES OF RUSSIA OF 1904.-1917
by 0. de Stackelborg

1. While corresponding with 1M. M. Liphschutz in Paris on the flaws of the
10 R stamps of the 1906, and 1915 to 1922 issues of Russia, he mentioned
to me some little known facts pertaining to the "" markings printed on
the margins of these stamp sheets.

Those facts based on his research and on his well known collection,
should be of major interest to specialists. It is therefore gratifying
to me to have boon allowed by him to publish these notes in our journal.
I want to take this opportunity to thank him for his kindness,

2. To stop the counterfeiting of high value stamps printed fraudulently
on the large white margins of the stamp sheets, Russian Postal Authorities
requested, in 1906, the Government Printing:0ffice to print on these wide
margins "'s in the color of the background of those stamps; i.e., in
green for the 5 R, and in yellow for the 10 R.

Howover, few collectors realize that there cro Five Basic typos of
these marginal "V" markings on the 5 and 10 ruble shoots alone. The
notes which follow refer only to the 4.0(5x8) stamp shoot.Jayouts of the
1 ruble value, and only to the 25(5x5) stamp shoot layouts of the other
ruble values.

3. 5 Ruble Stamps of 1906. (Scott No. 71).

A. Tyo I (Seo Figuro 1)

The vert-ical margins of these sheets have 5 "VPrs on the loft, laid
horizontally and facing to the loft, and 5.TV'is on the right, laid hori-
zontally and pointing to the right, opposite each horizontal row of
stamps.

The upper and lower margins have 5 inverted "t"'s, i.e. 1 "V" above
and below coach of fivo vertical rows of stamps. There are additional
inverted uV ts to tho right of coach "V", i.o. 6 n"V"'s in toto.

Those "V"s are 25mm, lo1ng and thin, loss than.lmm. in width, except
the second inverted "V" in the uppor margin, situated above stamp No. 2,
which is open at the top and is 22um1. long. The additional right "VU,
in the lower margin is only 2-Oim. long. (Seo "A" and "B" of Figure 1).

Besides those "VsY the margins of theso 'shoots have four (4) add-
itional 13- line perforations, situated at .approximately 20 to 24mm. from
the outside perforation of the four outer rows of stamps on the shoot.
(See "C" of Figure 1).

B. Tco II (Soo Figuro 2)

Type II is similar to typo I, oxcopt the upper and lower margins have
one additional invertod "V" on the loft, i.e. 7 ""I in tote. They are

Page 16 No. 61

SA C A

A- A/\AAAA
A- A/AAAAA A- A A/AAAA A
C-- -c

c------ --c V V VVV v --
V VV V Vv B
FIG I FIGZ
5 RoBLES(I706) I RUBLES (1906)
c TypE I BC TYPE IT
CD c

AAAAAA ,A AAAAA A

C- - -- -C
V vVv B- VVVVVV V

FIG 3 FIG 4
II /oRu.(/q06) ANp IORoB. (1905)
Co TYPE. IE TYPE Z
cA C

"' Noe oN!theSheet-
c-- --c
S!" ,, -c MROcI NS

I RUSSIAN TROUBLE
-- -- VLUEs OF

"- v=- 190 / 917 "

by
.I SRuo-.0 II DR.C .de STACKELBERG
C OvF-RP-RATEDB
KVITA i FOR P.O0. IN CHINA
SIV AL&.'s G ENE I-AR kG Va/IE
ALSO UsWcoTl 1916

also 25mm. long and loss than Imr. wide, oxcopt the third "V", above stamp
No. 2 which is open at the top and is only 22am. long. Tho lower right "V"
is again only 2Cmm. long.

The "V"ts at the left nmrgin arc unchanged, and aro 25mm. long, while
thoso in the right margin aro now and are 4Ctm. long. The "IVM s in both
margins are thin and less than lamI. ride.

However, on Typo II, the four additional perforations "C", appearing on
sheets of Typo I are now missing.

4. The addition of now "Vts, one at the top and one at the bottom of the
horizontal margins on shoots of Type II, to the "VI 's used on the margins of
of shoots of Typo I was made to cover all blank spaces on the margins.
Thcrforo the additional rprforations C"" appearing on the margins of Typo I
shots became superfluous, and thus woro removed.

All of this seems to prove, that Typo II is a later type than Typo I of
1906, but the date of their printing and issuance, which falls somewhere
between 1907 and 1915, unfortunately is unknown to us.

5. 10 Ruble stmp of 1906 (Scott No. 72)

L. Typo III (Sec FiTgro 3)

Typo III of the 10 R shoots of 19C6 is similcx to Typo I of the 5 R
shots with the four oxtra perforations, oxcopt that the "s on Typo III
are all of coual size. They are 25mm. long and loss than lnm. wido.

The additional horizontal normal and inverted "VO's are however on the
loft, in spaco ,*0' of Figuar 3. -and not as in Typo I in space "3", they aro
i.e., to the right of tho five (5) central "V' s.

B. !Ym LI

Tyop IV of the 10 R sheets of 1906 is similar to Type II of the 5 R
shoots (Soo Fig. 2), with the following exceptions:

The five (5) ycl.low "1V's in the right rmrgin are like the tcp and
bottom marginal 'Vfs, and arc only 25mmn long, whereas the left marginal
"V"s are 34 to 35rmm. long. L11 of "V':s rxo thin and loss than I1m. wide.

6. The 5 Ruble and 10 Ruble _t-* of 1915, (Scott Tlos. 108 and 1C9)

L. Tpo V (Soo Figuro A)

Hero the uppor and lower horizontal margins have seven(7) "V"Is, while
the loft and right vertical margins have five (5) "'s.

Lll "'ts aro aliko, but larger and widor. They are 30mm. long and
2mm. widc.

7. In omaining my 5 R and 10 R shoots, I made an intorosting discovery. On
some shoots the "V"'s wore apparently not printed at the same timo as the
background cf the stamps, as one had generally supposed.

No. 61 Page 17

The "V"'s on two of my shoots of 1915 soom to show clearly that they
wore printed later, i.o., over tho varnish not (chalk lines), which as a
rule was the last oporatio performed before the shoots wore perforated.
The result is that the varnish not. is cloar and shiny over the surface of
those shoots, but is hardly visible through the green or yellow colors of
tho "IVrs.

Furthormoro, I noticed that the "V'fs wore of difforont shadow, than the
original sha.doof tho backgrounds.

As the shoots of 1906 wore printed on laid papor, and as they do not
have a varnish not, it is not possible to conclude whether the "VnIs wore
printed at the same time as the background, or wore added later,

8.rir. Liphshutz however has a different opinion. As it was generally supposed,
he still thinks that the "VIS wore printed at the same time as the back-
ground, and as the "V Is wore added around-the printing plato later than the
dios, for some reason the "Vfts wore getting more color than the stamps.
The result was that the varnish not did not "take" over the heavier inked
"V"Is, when it was superimposed on the already printed shoot. The varnish
not thus only seems to pass underneath the "Vrs.

Wo hope that further research may one day unravel this interesting and
debatable point.

9. The only fact we are certain about is that when the layout of the shoots was
changed in 1916 from 25 stamps per sheet to a layout of 8x7, consisting of
50 stamps 6 spaces, filled with double "V" S (one normal and one inverted
superimposed over the normal). The aforementioned double "V"'s wore dof-
initoly printed at the same time as the stamps.

The first sot of "'Vits (normal) was printed in the color of the back-
ground at the same time as the background. Then the inverted "V"t were
superimposed in the color and at the time the frame was printed.

10. Mr. Liphschutz, when oxamoning the "7'as on his 5 and 10 R shoots of 1906,
discovered that the end3 of the horizontal "V1 s, situated in the right mar-
gins of the 5 R shoot shlowod traces cf yllow color, and the ends of the
horizontal "V s in the left margins of his 10 R shoots showed traces of
green color. Based on those fact-1s M., Lip,:'chutz submits an interesting
hypothesis, namely that the aforomontioe2d5 and 10 R shoots wore possibly
printed on the same double shoo-it and, the r-ooult being that the horizontal
"VI"s of the 5 R shoots gctt.ng the color from the adjoining half of the
10 R shoots, and vice vor-o ...

Mr. Liphschutz asks cur readers to examineothe margins of their 5 and
10 R shoots of 1906 and givo him their view or their explanation regarding
the odd phenomenon describecd in previous paragraph.

11. Having discussed the five basic types of "V'8s in previous sections of this
article, I will now list other marginal "V"'s.

In 1907, the shoots of the 5 R stamps of the 1906 issue, printed on vor-
tically laid paper wore overprinted diagonally in rod with the word "KITAI"
Page 18 No. 61

in Russian characters across each stamp, for tho use of tho Russian Officos in
China (Scott No. 21).

SHbwovor, very few collectors realizo that at the timo those stamps were
ovnrprintod "'ITTI,, tho margins of those shoots wore also ovorprinted with
largo "Vr's, in rod.

I know of no ono who possesses such an entire shoot, which aro o;:romoly
raro. Ir. Liphschutz in Paris, has boon able to reconstruct the margins of
such a shoot from marginal blocks in his possession. Tho basic shoot is of
1906 issue, Typo I, Figure 1, i.o. one having fivo (5) groon ",V"'t in the
right and loft margin. and six (6) grcon '"V 's in the uppor and lower margins.
Those "V' s aro 25mm. long and loss than m!m. wide oxcept tho second inverted
"V", above stamp No.. 2, in the upper margin, which is open at the top and is
22nr, long (seo "A" of Figs. 1 and 5). as well as the lower right "V.I which
is only 20rn. long (soo "B" of Figs. 1 and 5). Thic shoot also has the oxtra
perforations "C", as shown in Figs. 1 and 5.

Surprimposod on those small btV's, described in the previous paragraph,
arc largo "V's in rod, 40mm. long and l21mm. wido. Thoro aro 7 rod "V"'s
in the loft and right vertical margins, and 4 in the uppor and lower margins.

The vorical "IV 's are placed in tho margins botwoon horizontal perforat-
icns, whorcas the horizontal "'V's show the following difforoncos: Hero the
"Vnls are placed betwoon perforations only on above 1st, 2nd, and 5th stamps
of tho upper rargina and below stamps 21, 22, and 25 of the lower margin.
The 4th nV"ts of the upper and lower margins., stradlo the double marginal
space over the 3rd and 4th stamps and bolow 23rd and 24th stamps. Thus the
perforations botwoon the aforomcntioncd stamps cut tho 4th "V"ts in half.
(Soo Figure 5),

12. It scms that the plates of 1907 were roused in 1916 to overprint "KITLI",
the 5 R shoots of 1915 with varnish not for use of the Russian Offices in
China issue of that date. (Scott No. 47).

The position and the size of the largo "111's in the margin soom to bo the
samo as in issue of 1?07o However, tho lrge green "V" which should appear on
all of the margins of the 1915 issue is missing (Soo Fig. 4).

It will be remonborod tkht the 5 starmp, cvorprintod in 1913 with
"PIAS 50 TRES', for tho use in Russian Officos in Turkey, wore made on the
special shoots without varnish not and without "V'Vs in the margins. (Scott
Nc. 230). ir. Liphschutz t;orc .:..c-o concludes as lr. Rockling of Romcko ori-
ginally suggested, that the 1916 issue of 5R stamps overprinted "KITAI" was
a special issuo also.

Thus, horo again the special 5 P shoots without the groon "mVs in the
margin, but varnish not, wore uscd for overprinting with "KITLI" and rod
"nOVts in the margins, as in Fig. 5.

13. In paragraphs 11 and 12 we dealt with the margins of some of the Ruble values
specially overprinted for the use in Russian Offices in China and Turkoy. Tho
shoot margins of the following Rublo stamps have not yet boon discussed:

"No. 61 Page 19

A. Tho "V"ss in the margins of the 5 R stamps of 1906, overprinted in 1917
"5 Dollars" for the Russian Offices in China aro of Type II (Scott 65).

B. The 10 R stamp of 1906 overprinted in 1907 "KITAI" in black (Scott 23).

We know of no one who owns any of the aforementioned stamps with
margins attached. Hovorr, we assume that the margins only show tho
yellow "Vp s of Typo III or IV of the original shoots.

C. The 10 R stamp of 1906 surcharged in 1913 with 100 piastros in black for
use in Russian Offices in Turkey. (Scott No. 231).

As in tho case of the 10 R stamp for Russian Offices in China of
1907, doscribod in sub-paragraph 13B we do not know tho typo of marginal
markings, but again assume, that the. margins only show yellow "" 's of
Typo III or IV of tho original shoots.

D. The 1 R stamps of 1909 surchargod "10 Piastros" for use in Russian
Offices in Turkey (Scott No. 207).

The margins of 1.R shoots wore probably specially printed, as they
have in their vertical margins one long 4 mm. wide bar in tho brown
odlor of the framo, instead of the usual orange bar in the color of the
contor, which appear in the margins of all the printings betwoon 1909
and 1912 (Soo Paragraph 14).

E. The 5 and 10 R stamps surcharged in in 1917 with 5 and 10 Dollars for
the Russian Officos in China (Scott Nos. 68 and 70) wore in shoots of
50 stamps and had marginal markings of inverted i"V ts superimposed on
normal "Va Is, and therefore do not concern us hero.

14. Finally we must say a few words about the margins of all other RUBLE
shoots not yet discussed, which wore issued between 1904 and 1917.

A. The 1 R stamps of 1902/05, issued on vertically laid paper had only blank
margins (Scott No. 68).

Next printing, issued on wove paper, with varnish not of 1909, have
one orange bar in the vertical margins. (Scott No, 87).

The printings of the same stamp, issued from 1912 to.1915, have
throo (3) bro-n bars in the vertical margins,

B. Although the 3.50 and 7 R stamps on vertically laid paper (Scott Nos. 69
and 70) appeared first in 1904 their margins always remained blank util
1917, when the shoot layout was changed, and when by that time surely
several printings wore made.

It is astonishing that during the 11 years the aforementioned stamps
were printed, they were issued on shoots only with wide bladn margins.

15. From the data and assumptions given in the previous paragraphs we con-
clude that the Government Printing Office did not keep any set rules for
overprinting the shoot margins of Ruble values. Tho reasons for those
changed made from printing to printin aro ncw urikncwn to us.

Page 20 No. 61

A SUMICIRY OF SHEET M1J(GINS OF THE RUBLE VALUE OF 1904 to 1917
Value Scott Year of Pap e r Mar g i n s
No. Issue
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 R 68 19C2/5 Vobtically laid Blank
87 199' Wove, varnish net Ono orange vertical bar
87 1912 Wovo, varnish not Three brown vertical bars
87 1916 Wovo, varnish not Now layout of 50 stars (7x8)
3.5CR 69 1904 Vertically laid Blank
137 1917 Wove, vwarrish not New layout of 50 stamps (7x8)
5 R 71 1906 Vortically l.id "Vm"'s of Type I
71 I9C7a Vertically laid "V1res of Typo II
108 1915 aovo, varnish not "VTIs of Type V
108 1916 Wove. varnish not Now layout of 50 stamps (7x0)
7 R 70 1904 Vortically laid ELle
130* 1917 Wove, varnish not Nov layout of 50 stamps (7x8)
10 R 72 19C6 Vertically laid "' V ts in Type III
72 19C7a Vortically lai-d 'V1's in Type IV
109 1915 Wov, varnish not "V"'s in Typo V
109 1916 Wove, varnish not Now Layout of 50 stsmps (7x8)

*-Type I a-dato uncertain

RU SSIL PFCST OFICES IIN TTLCMEY
"1OP/1i 37 1903/5 1 R stamps of 1902/5 Blank
35P/3.50 38 1903/5 3.50 R stamps of 1904 Blara
70P/7R 39 1903/5 7 R 7taips of 190 Elank
10P/1R 207 1911 Sjocir.f Isui of 1909 Only ono vertical brown bar
Wove ,varnish not
50P/5R 230 1913 Se_rcal Issuo of 1915 Blank
SWovo, no varnish not
100o/1QC 231 1913 10 R stamps of 1916 "Vr's Typo III or IV (uncertain)

RUSSIT POST OFFICES IN CHINA

1-R 19 19C4 Vortically laid Blank
1 R 45 1910 Uove, varnish not Irobably ono orange vertical bar
$i/3B 63 1917 Wov : varnish not 50 stamp layout (7x8)
3.50R 20 1904 Vct cically laid Blank
$3.50/3.5CR 64 1917 3.50 R stcjpx ofl9lOlank
5 R 21 1907 5 R steap of 1906 Groon "V'Ps of Typol and largo
Vcrbically laid rod I'V's.
5 R 47 1915 S 1sc _L. T T)ove, ITo grcon "'1 s, only largo rod "VaIs.
varnish ij-t.
$5/5 R 65 1917 5 R stamp ef 1907 Only groon "V"'s in Typo II
Vertically laid
$5/5 R 68 1917 5 R stamxs of 1916 50 stamp layout (7x8)
Wove, varnish not
7 R 22 1904 7Vrtically laid Elank
$7/7 R 66 1917 7 R stamps of 1904 El:7k
Vertically laid
10 R 23 1907 1CR sti;arp cf 1906 or Probably only yellow "V" Is of
*1907. Vort. laid Typo III or IV. *-(uncortain)
$10/1CR 70 1917 10 R stamp of 1916 50 stamp layout (7x8)
Wover varnish not

No. 61 Page 21

PROOF 'NUMERAL CANGELLATIOR OF ST. PETERSBOURG
(Figr. re l in circles of small points
by M. Liphschutz

In the article on numeral cancellations in the B.J.R.P. No, 29, of May
1961, Dr. A. H. Wortman mentions a scarce variety of the numeral cancellation
of St. Petersbourg, namely figure "1" in circles of small points.

In the present article I would like to communicate to the readers some
new elements concerning this cancellation about which almost nothing has been
written until now. More than ten years ago Mr. S. Z. Rockling, manager of
Maison Romeko in Paris, has drawn my attention to the existence of St.
Petersbourg cancellation consisting of small points. H. C. Goss possessed 2
items of this cancellation on single stamps, and he considered them, if not
as unique, anyhow as great rarities. Personally at that moment I had never
seen that cancellation, and I only had a very vague idea of it. You will
understand my astonishment when, a few years agop examining a collection of
Russia, which had been sold in Bruxelles, I literally fell upon a letter
franked with Russia No. 2 and obviously cancelled with an obliteration which
until then I had only heard spoken about (Figure 15). Exarining this letter
I have been surprised by the date 10th February 1858. This dato proceedS
with 16 days the circular introducing the numeral cancellations in St.
betersbourg and Moscow (26th February 1858). It was quite logical to conclude
that this cancellation is a proof one, which has not been accepted for use.
Some time after I had the opportunity to make another discovery confirming
my first supposition. I have found a letter franked with the 20 kop. stamp
(Russia No. 3), cancelled with the normal numeral cancellation of St. Peters-
bourg and dated 19th February 1858, that is to say 7 days before the above
mentioned circular of 26th February 1858 (Figure 16). I can now positively
suppose that two types of numeral cancellations were tried some days before
the publication of the circular and that only one of them was definitely
accepted for use, that ib to say, the cancellation of 3 circles of 18, 18 and
24 points, with two supplementary points on each side of numeral "I". I
suppose that it would be thrilling to the readers to go through their
"archives" hoping to find some other items of this rare cancellation. It
would be of interest to find, for instance, this cancellation on Russia No. 1,
which theoretically is quite possible.

Description of the Cancellation

Numeral 1"" is short, 4.5mm. high instead of 6mm. in the numeral
Cancellation of the first type. On each side of Numeral "1" there are two
points as in the normal cancellation of the first type. Three circles of
12, 18 and 24 points are surrounded by a fourth circle of 32 points, which
gives a total diameter of 26mm. instead of 21mm. in normal cancellation.
The points are smaller than in the normal cancellation, which gives the
impression of a.bigger space between the points.
oooooooooooooooooooo
0000000000000000000
OOOOOOOOOOOOO
00000000000000000
000000000000000
0000000000000

Page 22 No. 61
ooooooocooo

FLAWS OF T:-E1C R STAMP OF THE 1906-1922 ISSUES
by E. F. Newman

This list of flaws could never have been completed by me without the
considerable help given b.y r. C. de Stackelberg of Washington, b. C. and
Mr. M. Liphochutz of Paris.

Some of these flaws have already been noted in this journal but i believe
that this is the first time an attempt has been made to list the flaws in the
different printings. This list is certainly not a final one, there is still
much research to be done on this subject.

A small number of the flaws occur on all or nearly all of the printings.
The majority only occur on the 1917 printing. Thus we find that the fourth
row of the 1917 printing (50 stamps with 6 double V's, one of which in each
set is inverted) is formed by the fourth row of the 1915 printing (25 stamps)
plus the first two stamps of the fifth row. Stamps Nos. 16 and 2C, plus
stamps 21 and 22 becoming stamps 19 to 25. It is for this reason that the
flaws have been Ilettered' to save confusion with too many numbers being
quoted when flaw and position are mentioned.

The list of the 1917 flaws has been compiled from my own sheet and I
have been able to check them against another 1917 sheet loaned to me by Mr.
Clarke of Birmingham. The other lists have been compiled from checking two
of Dr. Stackelberg1s sheets and from reports by Mr. Liphschutz and Mr. F.
Julius Fohs of Houston, Texas, on their own sheets.

The drawings are as accurate as I can mkr.e them, I have no great talent
in this field but they show the characteristics and the position of the flaws
I hope that one will be able to easily identify each of them.

List of the flaws

Abbreviations used-

F-L Outer Frame Line N. E. North East S. E. South East
I-F-L Inner Frame Linc N. W. North West L. H. Left Hand
V-T Value Tablet (oblong) S. W. South West R. H. Right Hand

Outer Frame Line F a v s List

FLAW
A. A A jagged break of inro in the top F-L, above the left hand stroke of
the "U.? in .iRKA.
"A. B The top F-L thin for 2rm=, from the N.E. corner.
A. C A slight dent in the F. H. F-L, 15 to 16mm. from the base.
A. D A very slight dent in the R. H. F-L, 13-, to 14mm. from the base.
A. E. A slight dent in the R. H F-L, 9- to 10mm. from the base.
A. F A slight dent in the R. H F-L, 7 to %'mm. from the base.
A. G A deep dent in the R. H F-L, 5- to 7 mm. from the base.
A. H A deep dent in the R. H F-L, 6 to 62mm. from the base.
A. I A slight dent in the R. H F-L, 4E to 5im. from the base.

No. 61 FPge 23

FLAW
A. J A slight dent in the R. H. F.-L, 3- to 5mm. from the base.
A. K A slight dent in the R. H. F --L 2 to 3mm. from the base.
A. L A slight dent in the R. H. Fo.L, 1 to 2mm. from the base.
A. M A small break in the R. H. F-L, 2mm. from the base.
A. N The base F-L under the R. H. small scrcll at the base; the line is
twice as thick as normal and the solid color fills half of the white
space to the left of the scroll.
A. P A deep dent in the L. H. F-L, 6- to 7mm. from the base; the I-F-L
immediately behind the dent, is broken for 1mm.
A. Q A slight dent in the L. H. F-L, 9 to 9mm. from the base. This is
more of a nick than a dent.
A. R A slight dent in L. H. F-L, 13 to 13- from the base.
A. S The L. H. F-L indented inwards at the top, with the top F-L
projecting outwards.
A. T The L. H. F-L pushed outwards at the top, leaving a gap of -2mm. bet-
ween it and the top F-L.
A. U A very slight break in the top F-L at the N. W. corner.

A. KA A very weak place in the R. H. F-L, l- to 3imm. from the base, with
a slight break at 3mm.

Inner Frame Line F 1 aw List

B. A The top I-F-L dented downwards so that it touches all three of the
tips of the leaves on the R. H. side.
B. B Solid color Filling the N. E. corner of the I-F-L.
B. C Solid color joins the top third of the V-T to the R. H. I-F-L and the
solid color of the Ishadowl just below, has the tip missing,
B. D Solid color filling the S. E. corner of the I-F-L.
B. E A very slight break in the base I-F-L, 1mm. from the S. W. corner.
B, F A imm. break in the L. H. I-F-L, 2mmi. from the base.
B. G A small red color dot between L. H. F-L and I-F-L, just above the
lower leaf.
B. H Solid color filling the N. W. corner of the I-F-L.

Leaf Tip Flaws

C. A A break in the outline of the Name Tablet, where the tip of the leaf
joins to it, under the "ARv of MARKA.
C. B The third leaf down on the R. H. side, has no color at the tip.
C. C The lowest leaf down on the L. H. side, has no color at the tip.
C. D The third leaf down on the L. H. side, has no color at the tip.
C. E The leaf at the top on the L. H. side of the Name Tablet; the solid
color to form the tip is missing.

S hadin Line Flaws

FLAW
D. A A The first shading line over (and touching) the N. E. corner of the
V-T, is dented downwards, and the three short shading lines immediat-
Sely below and to the R. H. side of the V-T, are broken.

Page 24 No. 61

LAWS OF Tt. IOR..STAMP OF-TMF-. q0o6-iq2 ISSUES
EF. NE MAN -A.C
.R --

-A <-A..
A.o- A.I

AAj ( A.M A.K A L
A.N
B.H B.A 8.8
ABS

D. 1 V A

*J ..4- B.c -

.D. 8
f G. R.A
5.8

V.1)

(.D S. A.

a FE
B.E S.D

FLAW
D. B The first shading line over (and touching) the N. E. corner of the
V-T, is broken from the edge of the V-T to the R. H. I-F-L, as are
also two short shading lines below.
D. C The second shading line above the N. W. corner of the V-T, is
broken at the R. H. end.
D. D. A scratch running downwards through the shading lines on the L. H.
side of the L. H. Vase, to the tip of the leaf.

Round Value Tablet Flaws

FLAU
R. A The top of the "0" broken in the R. H. Round V-T. TH FEEL FLAW.

Scroll Flaws

FLAW
S. A A break of 4--mm. in the top line of the Central Scrolls over the
V-T. THE HIDDY FLAW.
S. B The Central Scrolls over the V-T have been heavily retouched on the
downward strokes. An extra stroke appears on the R. H. side. The
short shading lines at the base of the Scr-olls, run into each other
instead of being clear, separate lines. The central white area loses
its symmetrical shape and has a lopsided appearance. IE STI LBgG
RETOUCH.
S. C The large Scrolls under the V-T; the top line is broken for nearly
m. under the "lI of RUBLEI.
S. D The snail R. H. Scrolls under the V-T have the line forming the L. H.
side broken. The solid color to the left of it is disturbed, the
outline not being clear and sharp.

Vase and Value Tablet Flaws
FLAW
V. A A break in the line forming the R. H. inner edge of the R. H. Vase.
V. B A slight break in the I-F-L of the V-T, 2imm. from the S. W. corner.
V. C The color broken between the bottom of the "B" and "L" in RUBLEI,
joining the two letters together. i SK FLAW
V. D A deep dent in the base of I-F-L of the V-Tq 21 to 3ran from the
S. W. corner.
V. E A blob of solid color in the indentation on the S. W. corner of V-T.
V. F The indentation on the N. W. corner of the V-T; the lower part from
the short shading line downwards is filled with solid color.

FLAW PRINTING FLAW PRI-NING
1906 1915 1917 1918 1919/22 1906 1915 1917 1918 1919/20
A. A 14 A I 23
A. B 5 11 A.J 5
A. C 10 A. K 16
A. D 23 A. L 10
A. E 17 A. M 18
A. F 10 A. N 50
A. G 16 A. 0 20
A. H 124 7 _________

No. 61 Page 25

----------------------------~----------I---------------_
FLAW MRIMTING FLAW MRINTING
1906 1915 1917 19 1 199/22 1906 1915 1917 1918 1919/22
A. Q 10 D. A 11 22 20 15 15
A.R 8 D. B 17 22 1
A. S 17 D. C 46 8 8
A. T 31 1. D 14 16 21 27
A. U 8
R. A HEEL FLAW 7
A.KA 9
S. A HUDDY FLAW 35 & 42
B. A 4 18 23 14 14 S B STACKELBEG RETOUCH 49 49
B. B 21 2&19 S. C 12 13 40 40
B. C 18 S. D 27 & .44
B. D. 43
B.E 4 V. A 12 13 40 40
B. F 20 25 V. B 15 24 4 30 30
B. G 17 22 1 V. C SKLAREVSKI FLAW 2
B. H 6 V. D 1 12
V. E 46 8 8
C. A 35 V. T 46 8 8
C. B 31
c. c 23 25 2 47 47
C. D 14 16 21, 31 27
& 30
c.E. 2 8 24 24
000000000000000
00000000C0000
00000000000

x x
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x articles on stamps. Please attach reply coupons to all inquiries. I x
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XX- xxxxxYxxxx yxxxxxMxxx:1=1X;:xS;xx'xxxxxx xXxxxxx ,7 7xxxxx7x xxxxxxXXXXX

Page 26 No. 61

B. S. R. P. JUBILEE DISPLAY 24th JUNE 1961
Zemstvo Posts
by C. C. Handford
Frames 32 to 36

This section of Russian Imperial Postal History was planned to illust-
rate:

(a). the official status of Zemstvo Posts
(b). the efforts of rural authorities to produce stamps to meet the
needs of scattered communities over vast areas

The first portion, occupying one frame, consisted of sheets showing
single copies of all standard types produced for the various Zemstvos by
the State Printing Works at St. Petersburg from 1884 (Ostrov district) to
1916 (Buguruslan and Zolotonosha). Two of the stamps so printed and sup-
plied to the districts of Ardatov and Bakhmut respectively were adopted as
Key Types which were used to meet the orders of those Zemstvos preferring
the professional products to their own local prints. This was arranged by
altering the name and value labels and making a new center bearing the
local arms or device of the district in which they were to be used.

Zemstvo Postal History was illustrated by sixteen combination covers -
including transfer of money by post, on four local covers. The sheets on
which the covers were mounted provided the information that Imperial mails
were handed over to the Zoemtvo P. 0. for distribution throughout the dis-
trict where no Imperial P. 0. existed. It was then sorted in accordance
with the number of Zenstvo routes in the area and duly delivered to the
addressee. In some cases this service was rendered free, but where a charge
was made +he postman collected the fee for the local rate shown by the post-
age due stamp which he himself affixed to the letter, or which had
been previously affixed at the office of distribution. Such letters there-
fore bore two stamps, the Imperial stamp which had brought them to the
terminus of the Imperial system, and the Zomstvo stamp which paid the
charge from thence to destination.

The items bearing Zeustvo stamps only, where handled by local postal
officials as they were for delivery within the Zemstvo territory.

Combination covers illustrating the franking necessary for transport of
mail along both Imperial and Zemstvo routes is now reproduced from the
"Silver Jubilee Handbook"'.

Sum (Kharkov Govt.) to Odessa (Kherson Govt.), 1884
.isro Nikolskoy (Pskov Govt.) to St. Petersburg, 1908. Money Transfer.
Busuluk (Sacara Govt.) to Khnrl:ov, 19.10.17, a fortnight before the abolit-
ion of the Zemstvos.
Urzhum (Viatka Govt.) to Khintsenburg (Livonia), 1889.
Skopin (Ryazan Govt.) to Ecscoyr, 1c5.
Moscow, 5.3.85 to Morshank (Tabov Govt.),

No. 61 Pago 27

0

Sapozhok (Riazan Govt.) to Srietenko (Moscow Govt.), 1886.
Tsaarkoe Selo (St. Petersbur-g Govt.) to Dregli (Novgorod Govt.), 1890.
Tver to Moscowl prepaid all the war, 1885.
Cherdyn (Perm Govt.) to Moscow, 1899.
Moscow to Sobolevo in Bogorodsk district (Moscow Govt.), 1892.
Moscow to Yarmsk village in Bogorodsk district (Moscow Govt.), 1895.
St. Petersburg to Bogrods, printed paper rate, 1996.
Byezhetsk (Tver Govt.) to Moscow 1891.
Moscow to Morshansk (Tambov Govt.), returned to sender, 1886.
Moscow to Kosqlapova, Ustsissolsk (Vologda Govt.), 1889.

Internal mail within Zemstvo handled only by local postal officials,
from:
Drdtrov, advice note for collection of package, 1879 Moscow Govt.)
Gadyatch local (Poltava Govt.), 1890.
Orgiev local cover (Bessarabia), 1889.
Poltava local, franked with pair 3 K. Key Plate Type, 23.5.17.
Local printings from various Zemstvos.

Frames 35 and 36 were reserved to display the great variety of taste in
printing, size and shape of stamps and sheet formation produced by local
craftsmen and adopted for use in various Zemstvos.

The issues of Chembar including Schmidt 4 and Zemliansk wore the
only Zemstvos submitted complete. Selected pages from Ardatov (Sl and 2,
types and sheet lay-out), Arzamas hectographh: sheets of 5 and 10). Irbit
(31, 2, 6, and 7 blocks and strips), Kotelnich (1870/1 stamps with counter-
foils), Lubny (Blocks of S9 andlO). Noveya Ladoga (Blocks of S6 and 7),
Shadrinsk (1893 to 1901/5 issues), Pskov (1910 in part sheet showing printing
of 4 values in a sheet) and the varieties of the June 1912 Krasny Commemora-
tives including the 3 k green and 3 k. rose on horizontally laid paper from
the Stibbe collection.
000000000000C0000000
ooooooooooooooooooo

REPLY TO EARN STACKELBERG
by F. Julius Fohs

In regard to the Stackelberg criticism of my conclusion that the so called
chalk-lines od the 19C0-1923 Russian Stamps were printed first and them the
stamps, I have concluded to report the facts on the bent-over pieces in my
possession and permit anyone to reach their own conclusion. It is quite
evident that some of the p-inting of stamps was done later than that of the
varnish or chal;/k-lines. I also add some facts as regards time of perforating.

3 Kopeks

1. Corner dou'ly folded back. All 3 layers perforated. Chalk-lines on
top on background fold, but fail to show on original face of stamp -
probably bocaus cf thiqsf% of fi.i1

2. Corners chalk-lines on main sheet, but not on folded corner with part of
stamp but under this corner of stamp on main sheet.

Page 28 No. 61

4 Kopeks

3. Corner fold-over after both chalk lines and stamps printed. Perforations
clearly later than the fold.

4. Chalk lines appear over double printing of stamps.

15 Kopeks

5. Upper left corner bent back after printing of background, but before
printing of center. One center missing one-half gone-part of corner now
upper cut off. All had chalk lines printed before centers.

6. Large corner, upper right, bent back chalk lines printed on main sheet
before bonding. Parts of 6 stamps printed on back, no chalk lines.
Perforated before corner bent and before the 6 stamps printed. The six
stamps printed and centers also at same time as 8 stamps printed on main
sheet as evidenced by the spacing.

7. Upper left corner bent down. Chalk net regular on main sheet. Both
centers stamps and blue band on left printed after bonding of corner.
Center imprint shows bent left stanp and corner of six stamps below, not
printed except uppermost corner of No. 1 stamp. Imporforate.

8. Second example has all of No. 1 stamp printed on background and upper
left corner of next stamp below. Imperforate.

79 Kopeks

9. Upper right corner bent down, and upper right of upper right stamp printed
on background, chalk lines under bend only.

3- Rubles

10. B. L. corner bent over, before perforating.
COocoocoocoocoooooco-

REPLY 37 JR. C. de ST AC"3:TERG TO iR. FOH'S COMMENTS

r. F. Julius Fohs was kind enough to send me a copy of his letter to
the Editor, answering my criticism. In this letter he maintains his position
that the so-called chalk lines or the lozenges or net of varnish of the 1909-
1923 Issue of Russian Stamps were applied first on the already gumed shoe
of paper and that the actual printing of the stamps was superimposed on this
net of varnish.

Since the receipt of this loter, at my request, much research here and
Europe was undertaken to solve this problem: what comes first, the printing
or the net of varnish.

No. 61 Pago 29

First of all, I would like to revert to Mr. Fohs "proofs", he mentions
in his letter and which at first glance seem to be rather convincing. Fur-
ther probing unfortunately proved that they were completely inconclusive.
The question here is what comes first the chicken or the egg: when were
these sheet corners folded over or unfolded before or after the applica-
tion of the chalk lines or of the printing. Thus the examples listed by Mr.
Fohs can just as well be explainor to support the thesis that the chalk or
varnish lozenges were applied last: A folded over corner of a sheet received
first the imprint of the stamps, was then unfolded (folded back) to receive
the net of varnish and not, as Mr. Fohs explains, that the varnish net was
first applied, then the corner was folded back by accident to receive over
the folded over portion the imprint of the stamp.

The problem hero, as stated above, is when was the corner folded. To
ascertain this now is impossible. I received many such folded corners just
to prove the contrary as to what Mr. Fohs maintains.

Therefore another approach must be made to solve this interesting
problem.

Accordingly the historic background, as to why the varnish not was ap-
plied to this issue, is important. It was applied since 1909 to the surface
of the already printed sheets to prevent the fraudulent postal rouse of can-
celled stamps by washing off the cancellation. To achieve this the not of
varnish had to be applied on Lto2p of the printed stamps not below the print,
which would have defeated the purpose of this application.

The Austrian Postal Authorities wore confronted in 1900 with exactly
the same problem. This is why they applied on their 1901 and 1905 issues a
wide bar of shiny varnish over their stamps. The Imperial Russian Postal
Authorities copied the same idea only applying instead not a as shiny and a
thintr varnish net over the already printed sheet.

Here are a few proofs that this varnish net was applied on top of the
already printed shoots of the 1909-1923 issue:

Should the varnish net have been applied first and if the stamps were
actually printed on top of it the varnish could hardly have been soon
through the color or 1o.;, Anyone who has examined a mint sheet of this issue
shows that the varnish nut is just as clear and shiny on the unprinted borders
as on the over-printed part of the sheet without any difference at all -
as to clearness or break. How would this varnish net have looked, if actually
the colors of the stamps were superimposed on the net!

I happen to have in my collection a present from our Editor a top
right corner of a sheet of the 10 R stamp of 1915 (at 25 stamps per shoot)
with the large V's on the margins. Here, oddly enough the V's were printed
separately i.e. added after the stamps were printed and the chalk lines
applied. The result is that the varnish net is normal clear and shiny -
all over the printed portion of the sheet, as well as on the white borders
but they are hardly visible where the V's, in the yellow color of the
background, cover them.

Pag 30 No. .

It is of interest to note, that Mr. Rockling in Paris believes, that the
varnish net rollers had some contraption as for instance small brushes,
which would fold back automatically when being rolled over the printed sheet
any folded over top corners of a shoot. They thus did not need to be folded
back manually and individually. To prove this Mr. Liphschutz has sent me
an interesting corner block with margins of the 2 K stamp overprinted in 1917
with "2 cents" for Russian P.O. in China. (Scott No. 51). Here the corner
was bent over the sheet before printing. As the result of this the top left
stamp (No. 5 in the pane) is only partially printed, i.e. the N.E. corner is
1/8 blank the missing part must have been printed on the now nonoedsting
part of the border. Then the corner was folded back flat when the varnish
not was applied. Finally the stamps wore overprinted with the "2 cents" in
black. As a result of this step the "s" of "cents" appears on the white -
unprinted N.E. portion of the stamp,

To sun up: We are now convinced that the varnish not was applied
fter printing.

However, we agree, that there may be possible exceptions to this rule.
During the 1918-1922 period, printing procedures and inspection was rather
lax at the Sovietized Government Printing Office. It is therefore theoreti-
cally possible that sometimes the printing order was reversed and that the
varnish not was applied first. But such errors should show the varnish lines
plainly on the unprinted margins and be hardly visible from under the printed
portion of the stamp. I for myself have never seen such error.

In not accepting the genorlly prevalent view that the varnish net was
applied last after printing and believing in the reverse, Mr. Fohs has
greatly contributed to cur knowledge about the printing of the 1909-1923
issue. In expressing his deductions in a letter to the Editor he sparked
our research, which otherwise would never have occurred. Though the results
of our research confirmed the prevalent view the raising of the problem
itself was of greatest benefit and an addition to our present knowledge of
the printing of these issues.
ooc0oc0oooooooo

STAMPED ENM7LOES5 WITH ADVIRTISEMENTS
by Iaurt Adler

The following article by K. K. _Echiidt, the eminent Russian philatelist, re-
printed hero from the old "Rossica" of 1939 (No. 37) is the most comprohon-
sive article about the eluQiie Russian Stamped Envelopes with printed adver-
tisements. I have added to Schmidt's list 4 items from my collection, un-
recorded by him, corrected some errors and gave a number of earliest postmarks
not contained in the original article. Roughly, 50 serial numbers have yet
to be identified. So, fellow philatolists dig into your collections and
notify me of your discoveries. Do not lose heart if your efforts are not
crowned with success right away. These items are really very scarce.

"An excellent article by the outstanding philatelist Dr. F. Kalkhof
appeared in the current season's No. 4 journal "Sammler Woche". This article.
for the first time, deals with the research on the stamped envelopes of Russi-

No. 61 Page 31

with advertisements. Assuming that this valuable research..will be- of great
interest to the collectors of Russian entire, I shall, with the author's
permission, translate his work into Russian.

The Ascher, Grossor Ganzsachon Katalog of 1928 lists stamped envelopes
with advertisements of 1898/99 by the cities for which they were intended
but gives only the serial numbers for the three values. Due to the rich
material, presented by the important collectors for the research of this
neglected part of the Russian philately, the facts registered hero may serve
as material for future editions of the catalogue of entire.

According to "Illustriertes Briofmarken Journal" of 1898 (p. 342), the
stamped envelopes with advertisements was issued first on November 15, 1898,
and according to the "Deutsche Briefmarken Zeitung" of 1899 (p. 11) of Nov-
ember 12, 1898. A cancelled item is known however, dated November 9, 1898.
Both of these dates must be understood to'be in the old calendar style which
until 1899 is 12 days later, and from 190C and ony 13 days later than the
now calendar style dates.

The serial numbers do not always appear in the same place on the letters.
Some letter sheets even have two different serial numbers, on the first page
of the unfolded sheet, under one of the advertisements, There is a footnote
telling us when, where, and sometimes even to whom police permission was
given for the printing of the series. Furthermore, the printing plant, and
usually the serial number is given. The last omissions indicate even the
quantities issued. In some cases the serial number on the 7 kop. letter
sheets, but more often on the 5 kop. letter sheet is printed at the bottom,
below the address. From the Series 12C on, there is printed on the letter
sheet still another numerically higher number.

As we already said, the day on which the permit was given for issuance
of the particular series is usually shown in the footnote by the police. To
give a comprehensive picture of the chronological order in which the station-
cry was issued, we will show serial numbers and the day of police permits on
the table which will be printed at the end of this article. From this table
we may deduce the following interesting conclusions:

1. Both types of tho 7 kop Stamped Envelopes, including the type with
the imprint of the st.p of 1889 of regular issue, which we will call "7M1,
and the type with the fini nt of the 7 kop envelope, which we will call "TK"
"follow each other without interruption. Series 5 with imprinted "7VM, and
Series 6 with imprinted i'TK/ received the police permit on the same day.
Judging from articles in "Dor Philatelist" of 1899 (p. 5) and "Doutsche Brief.
markon Zeitung" of 1899 (p. 11), the "TK" imprint can already be found on
Series.5. We may deduce from this that the-change from "7TV to "TK" types
was made during the actual printing of the stamped envelopes with advertise-
ments, in all probability on only a small portion of this printing. The
reason for this change, according to the opinion of Breitfuss, one of the most
ominont Russian philatelists is as follows:

some smart characters cut out the embossed stamp and pasted it on the
covers, thus saving 2 kcpeks in postage (since the stamped envelopes with
advertisements cost only 5 kop. for the 7 kop. denomination). This was done
with the full knowledge that it was legally prohibited to use cut-outs from
entire for regular postage.

Page 32 No. 61

Further, the table shows that the 5 kop. statiornry shoots were issued
one year later than those of 7 kop. Although those of 5 kop. bear the new
serial numbers, it can be soon from the resulting double numbering that the
issuance of the series took place in an unbroken consecutive order. Most
probably, series 1 and 2 (S.P.B.) of the 5 kop. stationery correspond to
Series 100 and 101 of the consecutive numbering. One may also insert series
3 (S.P.B.) and series 5 and 8 (Hoscow) of the 5 kop. stationery into the
vacant spots of the consecutive numbering. This assumption is justified
until we find stamped onvolopos with advertisements that boar the consecutive
numbers of the overall numbering, now only shown by blank spots. Of the 5
kcp series issued in St. Petersburg we know series 1-4 and 7, of the ones
issued in Moscow, we know series 5, 6 and 8. This moans that they were
numbered consecutively. But the last issue of the 5 kop stationory bears the
serial numbers 125 and 130. Series 9 and 10 have not yet come to light, in
all probability, they wore numbered 125 and 130 instead. If the stamped
envelopes with advertisements having serial numbers 126-129 should be found,
they will form the continuation of the 5 and 7 kcp. series.

Furthermore, the table will whew that an error snoeked into the series
43 and 49. The year of issuance of the permit should be 1899 and not 1898.
Evidently, the Moscow police could net part with the old year without dif-
ficulty. On the stamped onvelopoc with advertisements of series 1, 2 (S.P.B).
79, 82, 103 and 112 (Odessa) 121 (Kazan), and on the last unnumbered series
of Kazan the date of issuance of the police permit is not shown but it is
not difficult to deduce it by using the table. Of a stamped envelope with ad-
vertisemonts, written in Tiflis, only the part with the addrossis known
(last item in toe table). The serial nu-mber does not appear on it but we may
guess from the postmark that it belongs to a series before series 35. Its
advertisements show that it was printed in St. Petersburg. Since the adver-
tisoemnts are printed in blue, the possibility of its belonging to series
31 or 34 may be excluded. Both of those series have the advertisements printed
in violet. Therefore only series 9 or 12 are left as a choice, since the
advertisements of the stamped letter sheet in question (the one with the
Tiflis postmark) differ from any of the known series.

The table shows that the rruboring took place in consecutive order, not-
withstanding the denomination or the place of the issuance. This can be ex-
plained by the fact that all stamped letters with advertisements were issued
from one center, tho"main office of charity stationary for the benefit of
children's shelters, undor the departmental institutions of Empress Maria".
The main office was locr.ted in St. Potersburg. In addition there were second-
ary offices in the provinces, mainly for the purpose of soliciting advertise-
ments. Up to series 10, such secondary offices are listed for Moscow, Riga,
and Rostov on Don. On the stamped envelopes with advertisements of series
11, offices in Kharkov, Odessa, Simferopol and Warsaw are listed for the first
time. Al1 these offices are given with their exact addresses. In addition
to those, offices without given addrossos are listed for Kazan, Kiev, Lodz,
Samara, Saratov, and Tiflis. It was probably planned to establish similar
offices in those towns. On the letter shoot of series 15 the address of the
Saratov office is added. All sta-ticnary shoots of St. Petorsburg, Moscow,
NKhao. Ka6Pn,
No. 61 Page 33

But since our table still shows many blank spots it is entirely possible that
stationary sheets of the other towns Lodz, Kiev, Samara, and Tiflis may yet
be found, if they wore all issued.

On stamped letters with advertisements that received police permits in
S.P.B., advertisements of other towns may be found frequently. Thus, series
89, 90, and 97 (my addition to the list) contain advertisements from Warsaw,
Vilno, Grodno, and the following which are my additions -Volsk, Betrovsk,
Simbirsk and Syzran. Series 44 has advertisements from Tbnza, Series 109
from Kiev, Lodz, Taganrog and Warsaw, Series 113 has a number of add.from
Vilno, while the contributing business firms on series 120 come mainly from
Astrakhan and Tsaritsyn. (Additions -Kurt Adlor).

The numbering of series 120/83 and 120/84, 122/83 and 122/84 is rather
peculiar. Evidently, a mix-up in the numbering of these series occurred in
the main office. Numbers 120/83 and 122/84 are probably correct, while
numbers 120/84 and 122/83 wore orroneus but may have been corrected during
the process of printing. Another mistake occurred with the double appearance
of No. 121. The double number 123/116 also remains a puzzle. If number 123,
for reason of the day of issuance of the police permit is numbered correctly,
number 116 becomes entirely incomprehensible.

The printing of the stamped letters with advertisements was done in dif-
ferent colors. The imprinted stamp, the inscription "closed letter with
advertisements", and the pelican feeding its young with the inscription "for
charity" were printed in the same color, i.e. violet or blue. The inscription
on the top "this form sells everywhere for 4 (or 5) kop." and the note at the
bottom "the net proceeds go to the benefit of the departmental institutions
of Empress Maria" were printed in rod or brown-red.

The advertisements, in most cases, were printed in one color, namely
blue, violet, red or green. Some stationary sheets were printed in two colors,
in such a way that one color in the middle of the sheet changed gradually into
another one. Such a transition may be either found progressing from top to
bottom or from left to right. In our table, such series are marked red/blue.
Still another series, printed in two colors are marked red and blue. Series
130, printed in green, except for the imprinbcd stamp and the inscription,
forms an exception. The some holds true re the last, unnumbered series of
Kazan which is printed in light violet colc., except for imprinted stamp and
inscription.
As can be seen from the facts given by the printing plant, the 5 kop
letter sheet was printed in 3,000 copies, the 7 kop in 5,000 copies.
Breitfuss confirms these figures on page 11 of the "Deutsche Briefmarken
Zeitung" of 1899. Likewise, the "Illustriorto Briefmarken Journal" mentions
on page 66 the overall figure for the first series as 20,000, i.e. 5,000
copies for each series.

The question arises what benefit the children shelters derived from the
issuance of the letter sheets. The aforementioned sources give an answer to
.this. The printing of one copy cost 1 kop., the post office got 5 or 7 kop.
"respectively, and the childronts shelters received 1 kop. for each one sold.

Page 34 No. 61
S

Each letter, therefore, cost the main office 7 or 9 kcp. and was sold for
4 and 5 kop. The difference was covered by the income from the advertisements
In the boiinning everything went very well, but it became apparent soon -
as it usually does in similar undertakings -- that the advertisements did not
produce the expected income for the advertisers. It became more and more
difficult to solicit ads and finally the whole project had to come to an end.
From 1901 on, the enterprise in St. Fetorsburg was abandoned. The not pro-
ccds for the childrents shelters may be established in round figures at
6,30C rubles .
to be continued

TANNOU TOUVA-SURVEY
by A. Cronin & W.SJ. Stephen

With the 1943 locals, some attempt was made at perforation, but the
margins of the strips were left imperforate. Details are as follows:-

The 25 kop. value

A horizontal design dated 1921-19/3 and showing arms of the Republic
flanked by flags, the inscriptions now being in Russian and the name of the
country given as "Tecva". There appear to be distinctive stages of wear of
the cliche; those in conjunction with the three colors used and the fascinat-
ing settings and resottings of printer's rule framing the cliche provide the
clues to the apparent sequence of printings of this remarkable issue. From
material soon by Mr. Cronin, the following conclusions have boon arrived at.

The top and bottom frome-lines are common to all three colors$ being
composed of 4 pieces of rule of unequal length in both cases. Looking at the
bottom frame-line, it has coon noticed that the gap between the first and
second pieces is very small on all positions of the black and groon printings,
and on the first positi only of the slate-blue printing. On the other 4
positions of the slate-blue stamp, the gap is appreciably widor (see illustra-
tions). Paralleling this foaturo, the upper loop of the "B" of "T bI B A"
is irregular and of unequal widthon all positions of the black and groon
stamps and on position #1 of the slate-blue printings; on all other positions
of theo slate-blu variety, the upper loop is thicker and more regular. possibl-
because of retouching or woer. In other words, it seems that the sequence of
colors cnployed was black, green and slate-blue, in that order. Because of
the method of printing, the spacing between the stamps is always irregular
and a variety of shades often appocr on the same sheet as the cliche was
apparently inkod after each individual impression was taken. Moreover, the
fingerprints of the proso operator are sometimes found on the shoots in the
same colr as the stamps. Now to the. stamps themselves:-

25 Kop EBLAC:

Showing the clearest apprerance with an irregular loop to the "B" of
"T bI B A", it was printed in Tvrtic-l strips of 5 impressions on white paper,
with a rough horizontal perforation 11i between each impression. Thus the
top and bottom stamps on the shoot cro perforated on one side only and the

No. 61 Page 35

remainder at top and bottom. Hor-made gum was'applied to the backs after
printing and perforation, ponotrating through the holes to the printed side
of the paper. Although sometimes obscured by over-inking, the characteristics
of the side framo-lines are:-

Ioft framo-lino:- 4 pieces of unequal length, the top piece about Im. below
the level of the top frame -line.
Right frame-line:-2 pieces, the upper very short and the lower very long.

25 Kop groon.

Judging from the state of the cliche, this was the next color in which
the printings were carried, the "B" of "T bI B A" still showing the character-
istic irregular upper loop. Stamps in this color wore ungummod and were
apparently printed only in vertical pairs, so tenant with vertical pairs of a
50 kop value at right, to form a shoot of 4 stamps It the outer margins of shoe'
being loft imporforate. Thus it only occurs perforated on two adjacent sides:
at right and bottom for the upper position, or at the top and right for the
lower position. The right fram-line is common to all copies in this color,
being composed of 5 unequal pieces. The left frame-line, however, occurs in
two settings, namely:

Sotting A Four pieces of unequal length, the shortest of which is in
the lower part of the frame (see illustration). Seen so
far printed on grayish paper only.
Intormodiate setting A plus E -. A very interesting and apparently rare
state, in which the upper stamp is in setting "A", while in
the lower stamp the composition of the loft frame-line is
now reversed with the shortest piece in the upper part of
the framo-line to give setting DB" as illustrated. Natural;
this intermediate stage can only be collected in unsevered
pairs and one such pair on the grayish paper has been seen.

Setting B The final state in which both stamps have the shortest piece
in the upper part of the frame-line, as illustrated. This
setting occurs on both the grayish and white papers, and in
sone printings of both settings the small piece in the right
framo of either the top or bottom stamp appears to have
fallen out, as it fails to print (seo Illustration).

25 Kop slate blue

By now, the cliche is rather worn and it seems to indicate that this was
the final printing in the sequence. Surprisingly, the printers went back to
the same procedure as far the original printing in black, in shoots of 5 with
the same system of perforation and with almost similar frame settings. How-
ever the loft frame now projects about imm. abov the level of the top frame-
line and furthermore, the order of pieces in the right frame line is reversed.
the longer piece being at the top and the shorter at the bottom. In addition,
there are two recognizable states of the new right frame arrangement, in the
first of which the upper line is thickly impressed and projects about imm,
above the top frame level. This state, which also shcww the irregular upper

Page 36 No.61

"TRINNO -TOUVAR y RCROlIN nc. W.S.f.T e -EN

S- ....- -

B 25 k. GREEN

. ......... ......... ......

S 50 GREEN

S 9 10 11 12 13 14 4()- ts (

15 b 17 1 1 20 21 ()- s 29(L y
_______-_shch_,_ ____

7-)- A C2(A) yu
Aa h B B or r E e T1-ANSCRIPT "ONTS:

2 23 24 23 2 6 2( 2 e, e
J 3 A X A qu kv -z (If2-3)
29 30 10 11 12 1 14 4 ts no trans
H H T II 1 p C T Y chli crabed
15 lb 17 1F 19 20 21 06(r) sh 29(L) -
".OSSICA ournl. is is the corrected cyu
2 23 24 2! 2 ; 2,t 2-z i a
93S 0 31 2 3 qu kv KB (I2-3)
29 30 31 32 33 x ks Kc 12-19)

,RUSSIAN ALPHAD`7T
PY02-AIH A3BYKA.
Article "About Transcrirition of ussian Neames V.KURBAS in "6g/ of
"- OSSICA Tournal.This is the corrected chart.
nrr~jK

loop to the "B" of "T bl B A", only occurs on the first position of very
shoot soon; it seems that all shoots initially received this first impression,
and when those wore all run off, the "B" was either retouched or assumed a
more even appearance by wear or adhesion of some particles. Moreover, the
right frame either slipped or was pushed down until the tips wore level with
the top and bettor- frtmnca the short bottom piece now inclining slightly to
the south oast. It is in this latter state that the remaining four impros-
sions on the shoots uOro completed. The papers used range from a whitish to
a faint yellowish grade.

So far as the scarcity of the various color used for the 25 kop. is con-
corned, the printings in green are much the hardest to find and are followed
by the printings in black and them slatoebluo, in that order.

The 50 kop value

Only known in green, and generally ungummed, the design shows the "House
of the Soviets" at Kyzyl, surmounted by the dates 1921-1943. As state above,
it is only known in vertical pairs so tenant with vertical pairs of the 25 kol
green at loft. Hero again the frame-lines are of intorost, although there
appear to be two states of the same setting, rather than two arrangements.

State A (See illustration) occurs on both white and greyish paper in
both positions, being possibly printed so tenant with the
first setting of the 25 k. value. An offset of the 50 k.
design has boon seen on the white paper variety.

State B Shows a midway gap in the upper piece of rule comprising the
loft framo-line, as well as a dot above the mast of the "5"
at right. So far it has only been seen on the grayish paper
and may have boon printed so tenant with the second setting of
the 25 k. green on the same papor. In comparison to State A,
the general imtressicn looks a little wcrn.

A used copy of the 5C k, on white paper is known postmarkod.....6.44 and
a gummed copy with inking on the back (offset t) is in a Moscow collection.

Thus it is soon that the settings of the 25 k. green are of unusual in-
terest and in fact -'c whole 1943 issue is somewhat akin in production to the
first issue of Shanghai. Bocruse of the sooa method of printing one impression
every timo, each is slightly different from its predecessor and the movements
of the printers rule enable collectors tc work out the fascinating sequence of
impressions.

To round off this section of the postal emissions, the following addit-
ions sent by James Negus of London reo now recorded: -

(a). A "25" surcharge over the figure of value on the 5 aksha of 1936
(Yvort P85). This vrtuc apparently belongs to either the 17th or
lCth issue of prcvisionals, which wore not contained in the collect-
ion exhibited in l.osccw1, and which appear to have boon issued bet-
woen 1940 and 1942.

No. 61 Page 37

(b). Reissues of at least two values of the ame' 1936 Jubilee sot in
different colors, and in the second case, also of switched designs.
Moreover, the stamps are now on unwatermarkod paper, perforated 12-
and without dates "1921-1936":

10 k. Fisherman: (Yvort #71). Now in indigo, instead of carmine-red
OK.4 Originally in the '1 camel and train design (Yvort #81),
shcwinghor soon.

The above discoveries possibly indicate the change-over of other
values and designs in this issue to form a set of definitivos and investigat-
ions have been proceeding on this point. Any further values will be noted as
they come to hand.
ooooooo000000000000000000000000
to be continued
S000000.............. 00.. ........c..... .".....oO o''..., .... .Co
OOOCOCC"C'?fC'CC -. C' COCCCOOCCOCCCCOOCCCCCCf OCO:;' CC C`CC O
o 0
o ALEXANDER BISK o
o 280 Riverside Drive o
o Now York 25, N.Y. o
o 0
o European Countries, Etc. o
o 0
oWant lists for collectors ,and dlolers are filled by return mail. Bettoro
orTadOo approval books by country *also available. Many rarities & odditieso
ofor specialists. Other countries ,re also on hand, o
o 0
o RUSSIA EEELUX DALKANS CENjTJLL, WESTERN AND EASTERN EUROIE, o
o o
SSC NID, ETC. 0
0 0
OOOC'CC '"..?- 3 .'o C ., Cc-" : .'. C C".-c '*," "-".':'.C: '.:C :,"' ,'';* :.." ",' C rCC';7'0'2r' 7 Cc -' (:.. r C ,. c30' OCc O

L...&..F...L...&..F ...L...&..F...L..L. ...L...&..F..L...&. F...L.. ...F .
o 0
0 RUSSIA P OL A N D UNITED NATI O NS 0
o 0
o o
o Now Issue Sorvice, covers, varieties and errors. o
o Want Lists are filled. Russian Empire, Soviets & Zomstvos o
o are in stocky and are sent on approval. o
o 0
o The L. & F. ST -AMP SERVICE o

o 0
o o

0 0
o o
o Box #1. Orand Lodr Michigan 0
0 0
C0oOCc'?oc'"'. r :.'... ,.' .... :. : :: coocOOocoococcoocCCO coOC ocCc occCCCOCCCCOCOO

Page 38 No. 61

-S

A NEW CHECK LIST OF THE ARMS
TYPE ISSUES OF 1909-1923
by Dr. C. do Stackolborg
(continued from #60, Daoe27)

Addenda to #59j Pago 20

7 kcp. (8). Fake to defraud Post Office.

b. Faked stamps, cancelled. Perforated and imperforate (1917)

Addend. to #60. Page 27

70 kop. (4). Paper varieties.

b. Small crease in left hand part (lower) of stamp, producing
short wine line (Sklerovski). "x1 in Inperf. PFrioc III.

C. STAMPS FRILTED IN THREE OPERATIONS.

a. First operation Printing of the background
b. Second Operation Printing of the frame.
c. Thiri O-eration Finally the center with the figure of valuo.
Valuos Trintcd 20 and 50 kop

20 Kotoks. Scott Nos. 82 and 126.
I II III 1V II III IV
(1). Colors PE R F ORATED I M PE R F
La. Blue and Carnine rose (F.P.) x x
b. Dull blue and cnrmino x x x
c. Blue and deep carmine x x x x

(2). Errors
a. Chalk lines missing x
b. Offset of whole stamp x x
c. Offset inverted x
d. Offset cf tbark-grund only x
0. Offset of frao: x
f. Offset of 5C kop. stampu x
g. Int.glio of whole staip x
h. Intaplio of background only x
i. Intaglio of frame only x x
j. Intaglio of center only x
k. Intaglio of franc & center x
1. Albino impression x
n. Double printing of ccntcr x
n. Backgr. Missing x x
c. Eackrr. iss. Contor rispl. SE x
p. Backgr. Miss. Cont. mirl. SW' x
q. Backgr. Misplaced x x
r. Backer. lispl. & cent. mislpl. x

No. 61 Page 39
0

(2) rrorsI III II I III I.V
(2 Errrs PERFORATE D IMPERF
s. Background misplaced to NE x x
t. Background misplaced to SE x x
u. Background misplaced to loft Horiz. x
v. Background misplaced to SW x x
w. Background misplaced up, vertically x x
34 Center missing x
y. Center misplaced or shifted x x
z. Center misplaced & background mispl x
aa. Center misplaced to right NE x
ab. Center misplaced to right SE x
ac. Center misplaced to loft horizontally x
ad. Center misplaced to left SW x x

(3). Spacing Between Stamps
a. Block of 4 with vertical spacing between
stamps of 2 3/8mm. horizontal spacing of
3nm. (Fohs) x

(4) Paper Crease
a. Reported by Fohs

(5) Variety of Background (Rossica #k13, parell)
a. Background framed by a thin line % x
b. Background unframed x

(6) Error of Perforation
a. Sheet perforated while the upper loft
corner was folded under the shoot, across
stamp No. 1. Thus the uppor loft third of
the stamp No. 1 is not iorforatod. x

50 Kopoks. Scott Nos. 85 and 129

(1). Colors
a. Lilac and bright green (F.P. 1909) x
b. Deep lilac and green x
c. Purple and gre ren x
d. Bright purple and 'gron x x
o. Rod lilac and green x x
f. Brown violet and aoon x
g. Maroon and green x x
h. Plum and green x x
i. Copper red and green x x

(2). Errors
a. Chalk lines omitted x x
b. Chalk lines front and back x
c. Chalk lines front & backgr. mispl. SE- x
d. Offset of background x
o. Offset of background and fraOm x
f. Offset of center x

Pa go 40 No.61
S

I II III IV II III IV
(2).Errors PERFORATED I P E R F

F g* Intaglio of frame x x
h. Intaglio of background x
i. Intaglio of center x x
j. Intaglio of banckgrcund and frame x
k. Double printing of background x x
1. Double printing of center x
n. Frame missing x
n. Background missing and misplaced (pair) x x
o. Background missing & misplaced center x
p. Background misplacepcentor missing x
q. Background misplaced x x x
r. Background misplaced to NE x
s. Background misplaced to SE x
t. Background misplaced to loft, horizontally x
u. Background misplaced to NW & frame missing x x x
v. Background misplaced to SW x
.Background misplaced to SE & chalk linos
x. on back and front. x
y. Contor missing x
z. Center misplaced to IE x x
aa. Center misplaced to S x
ab. Center misplaced to loft, horizontally x x
ac. Center rmislaced to INW x x
ad. Center misplace to SW x
ao. Partial -lbino printing. Sheet printed and
chalk lines applied while upper left c-rnrr
of the shoot was folded over. The stanms
No. 1 and 6 of the upper loft pane, thus
leaving blank spaces ,nd no chalk lines, as
well as partial printing and chalk lines on
back of the folio- corner. (Liphschutz) x

(3). Variety of Ferfor:-ti:ns
a. Rough porforatirn x
b. Perforati-n mislacod to E x

(4). Proof
a. Milky blue, imperf. 19C0/19C9

(5). Eisoctod Vertically
a. On piece, Odessa 4.4.21 x

(6). Variety of ?ackround
a.Backgroun framed by a thin line x
b. Background unframed (Rossica #13, page 11) x

No. 61 Page 41

0

II. TROUBLE VALUES

Printing periods of R o uble va lu e s

I. 1909-1912 Only 1 Rouble
II. 1912-1917 1 Rouble, plus 5 and 10 Rubles since 1915, and starting
in 1917 3 Roubles 50 kopeks and 7 Roubles.
III. 1917-1923 But 1 Rouble possibly to 1922.

Trouble values wore printed in three (3) operations.

1st oopration Background. 2nd operation Frame. 3rd operation Genter
and figure of value.
The 3 R 50 K and 7 R stamps in the third operation had the Imporial
Arms embossed in the center. Later after 1920 this embossing was some-
times omitted.

Abbreviations used in the table which follows: P Perforated. I Imporf-
orate. HL Horizontal chalky linos (since 1920).

Listings of the 1 Rouble stamp
Vertical Chalky L. H. C. L.
Perforated Imprf. P. I.
(1). Colors. A. Farforatod 13 I II III II III III
a. Brown, light brown & orange (F.P. 1909)x
b. Dark brown, light brown & orange x x
c. Dark brown, light brown & rod orange x x
d. Black brown, light brown & rod orange x
o. Brown, light brown & vermillion x
f. Dark brown, light brQwn & vermillion x x x x
g. Black brown, light brcwn & vormillion x x
h. Dark brown, light brown & blood rod x

E Perforated 121
a. Brown, light brown & orange x
b. Dark brown, light brown & vermillion x

(2). Errors
a. Chalk lines C D.s.l.ng x x
b. Chalk lines o; bsXck x
c. Double chalk libe x
d. Offset of whcle :-ta;:p x x
c. Offsot of backgr:cund only x
f. Offset of framo only x
g. Offset of center o:cny x
h. Intaglio of whole stamp x x
i. Intaglio of frame only x x
j. Intaglio of contcr only x x
k. Albino impress. of center & double pr. of cen. x
1. Printing of framo only x
m. Double printing of stamp x x
n. Double printing of background only x x x x

Page 42 No. 61

Vortical Chalky L. H. C. L.
Perforated Imporf P. I
() I II III II III III
(2). Error
a o. Double printing of frame only x x x
p. Double printing of center only x x x x x
q. Double printing of background
(ono backgr. inverted and
misplaced). x
r. Double printing of background
(ono background misplacedd. x x
s. Double printing of background
and misplaced center, x
t. Double printing of background
and inverted center, x
u. Double printing of frame and
center inverted x
v. Triple center x
w. Frame missing x
x. Frame missing and center missing
(background only) x
y. Frame missing & background misspl. x
z. Frame missplacod one of a pr. x
aa. Frame inverted and center inverted x
ab. Frame inverted and center missing x
ac. Background printed on both sides x
ad. Background missing x x x
ao. Background & framo (
missing (center only) x x
af. Background misplaced x x x x x
ag. Backgr. mispl. and center inverted x
* ah.Backgr. mispl. and center misplaced x
ai. Background misplaced & double printed x
aj. Backgr. mispl. to loft, horizontally x
ak. Backgr. mispl. to 1W x
al. Backgr. mispl. down, vertically x
am. Backgr. mispl. to SW x
-n. Background inverted x x x x x
ao. Backgr. inv. & mnipl. center inv. x
ap. Center missing & fig. of value (1) x x x
aq. Center missing, but u:1t fig. of vrluo x
ar. Center and frame mis:'nrg x
.s. Center Amssing in onuof a pair, other contor-m.sol. x
at, CGonto misplaced x x x x x
eu. cotor & background misplaced x x
av. Center misplaced & double printed x
aw. Center misplcad tc right, horiz. x
ar, Center misplaced to left, horiz. x
a:y.Contor misplaced to NW x
a z.Conter misplaced to SW x x
ba. Center misplaced showing only fig. of
value on top of the stamp x
b, b.Contor misplaced cl.ocklio on shoot, ioo.
to E on top of shoot, normal in crrtcr &
to W on two lower rows x

N o.61 Page 43

S... Vertical Chalky L. H. C. L.
(2) . Errors *. Prforated Imperf. F. I.
be. Center inverted x x x x X
bd. Contor inverted & background misplaced x x
be. Contor inverted & backgr. inv. & mispl. x S
bf, Contor invertod & double printing x
bg. Contor inverted & framo inverted x
bh. Center invertod & background missing x
bi, Contor inverted & mispl. up, vert. x
bj, Porforations missing at N of margin x x
bk. Perforations missing at E of margin x
bl. Perforations missing at W of margin x
bin. rforations misplaced, up vertically x x

(3). Perforation Variotios.
a. Rough porf oration x
b. Perforated 122- x x
c. Irrogular porf. pair x
d. Perforatodll1313-i x
o. Ibrforatod 13l11413xLJ 3 x
f. Imporf. vort. & imporf of 2nd printing
(1912-1916) with 3 brown bands on x
margins (Liphschutz)

(4). Plato Flaws
a. "Y" of "FnB" joins "F' & "D" and wide
top in "B". 'Soe Rossica #55, page 31). #3 in shoot (Liphs.)x .x

(5). Fakes
a, Stamps chemically treated to produce "Essays of 1918"
see below (8) and first pulls (7) x x
b. Ibrf. 11-2 mato from imporforato shoots
of 1917. Soo Rossica #43 of 1941, page 385).

(6). Falsifications to defraud P. O.
a. See Rossica #60, page 29, (5k.) Article by
F. Julius Fohs. x

(7). First Pulls (Soo prarapph Am of introduction). Black background.
a. Porf. and backLgrzod .isplarcod x
B. Background misplaced x
(8). Essayv of 1918" (1920 (A proof). Green.
a. Groon background

(9). Bisected and used for 50 kop, in Odoesa (.Vibert) x

Editorial Note: Listings for 3 R. 50 K., 5 R. and 10 R. will be continued in
No. 62.

Page 44 4 NEo. 61

0

POSTAGE STAMPS REVENUE STAMPS ASD LABELS
by E. Marcovitch

When stamp collecting became widespread throughout the world, nearly all
of the governments created out of sale of stamp issues a considerable source
of revenue.

Postal doparmonts strove mightily to find themes for pretexts to put out
new issues. For example stamps were issued featuring rulers, famous people,
animals birds, plants, and etc. We must admit that most of those stamps
and series are beautiful and well eyxcuted.

After World War I, and especially after World War II many new nations
wore founded, and those busied themselves with issuance of postage stamps,
attractive enough to create a demand among the stamp collectors.

The number of stamp collector increases each year, causing bigger sales
of stamp catalogues in spite of their increased size and cost. Likewise there
is an increase in the number of wholesale and retail stamp dealers, stamp
journals for specialists and philatelic societies or stamp clubs.

The total number of postage stamps issued has increased to such an extent
thar many collectors now limit their collecting fields and collect only one
country or a group of countries or a certain theme. Thus originated thematic
collecting, ie. collecting according to the subject shown on the stamp.

Until the 1st World War major countries issued postage stamps exclusively
for postal no6ds and only in rare instances printed commemorative series, al-
ways artistically oxacutod. In 1894 United States issued a beautiful series
Commemorating 400 years of discovery of America;' Austria celebrated 60
years of the reign of Emperor Franz-Joseph, andan issue to celebrate 80th
birthday of the same Emperor, which liko the previous issue showed his
likeness and the likenesses of his prodecossars. In 1913, during the 300th
Jubilee of the Ronancf Dynasty, a famous series was issued, considered as
one of the most beautiful in the world.

Postal establishments of the aforementioned lands, especially Russia,
spent years of preparation. before printing these series, and utilized the
talents of world roncwn artists and engravers.

Collectors cherished and valued those stamps and often used them for
specialization. Our ostoomod Editor, Dr G Dondaronko-Salisbury, has an un-
usually inteorsting and vast collection of the Romanov Jubilee series, which
has frequently been written up in Rossica EBJRP and elsewhere.

The subject of thematic collecting has already been written up in our
Journal, thus we will not repeat its scope, except to point out that many
countries, old and new, issue a groat number of stamps purely to mulct col-
lectors. Wholesale and retail dealers by their regular and often very large
purchases, help these postal establishments to unload their "merchandise".
In return, many postal departments of various countries, establish philatelic
branches, both in and cut of tho country, for wholesale dealings, and also
philatelic windows in numerous post offices, whro collectors may purchase
new issues.

No. 61 Pago 45

The number of serious collectors and specialists likewise grows each
year, although not as much as of collectors of stamps pertaining to various
themes.

The demand for old classics has likewise increased, at the time their.-
supply has considerably decreased because of destruction of many valuable
collection by World Wars, Civil Wars and Rovolutions. The value of classics
has risen greatly, and now it is more difficult to find them. In order to
increase the supply of .classics and doC luxe pieces, a number of firms special-
izing in marketing such material.haveo boon established in a number of
countries. Beautiful catalogues, with reproduction of stamps in natural
color, as well as in black and white, and including specialized description
as well, are sent out to specialists. Those auction catalogues are also
collected and frequentlyin time, command high prices.

Rare stamps and philatelic letters always have a ready market among
serious collectors who do not limit the scope of their collecting to only one
copy of 'a stamp, but are always adding new material to their albums. Many
specialists usually add shades, errors, essays, proofs, specimens, and inte;
resting postmarks and covers. Specialized collections vary in content and
scope, and the variations depend upon the individuality and taste of each
collector.

Russian philately has one of the richest fields for specialization, in-
asmuch as during the past hundred years Russian History has been most varied,
and it has reflected interestingly upon its stamp emissions.

As an example of stch a specialty we might point out the vast field of
the Russian Offices Abroad, which was so brilliantly written up in a series
of monographs by our members Moessrs. Tcbilinghiriai- and.Stephen, entitled the
"Stamps of the Russiah Empire..Used Abroad". The aforementioned literary
effort created a new field of specialization -ad inspired a large number of
collectors to form outstanding collections, and likewise make new discoveries
which up to now were unknown. These specialists will always find new material
and will write now monographs supplementing- work of Messrs. Tchilinghirian
and Stephen.

Another branch of Russian specialization,¬ as common, is the field
of the Provisional Overprints of the Civil War of 1920-23. In this field,
some collectors achieved great results, by discovering new material. It is
an area of limited research, and outside of Chuchints catalogue and a few
articles very little has been written on this subject. The philatelic world
is awaiting a specialist who would Write a monograph on this very little
known field.

I can cite many more examples of specialization in Russian philately,
however the aim of this article is to-show othor, what I think, most interest-
ing phases of collo acting, unspoiled by speculative issues created with the
expressed'purpose: of relieving the pockets of collectors of their money. I
have frequently written in our journal about this and received many approving
letters from our coloaguos collectors *I am returning to this theme so as
to attract new collectors in these fields and to bring forth those who have
been interested-for some timp. The field of fiscal s'amps and so called

"Page 46 No. 61

"vignettes? or labels, which are called by German collectors "Privatmorken",
i.e. private not postal or fiscal. Many philatelists, but mainly dealers
in postage stamps look down upon these fields with scorn, as the aforemontione7
examples do not command any great value and are "weak" objects for trade.
It is true that the number of collectors of fiscal and vignettes is small as
compared to those of postage stamps. Yet, in 1914 Forbin considered it imp-
ortant enough to publish a catalogue of fiscal stamps of the whole world,
which to this day is a classic and is used as a basis for all collecting in
fiscal field, in 'spite of its absolescence of 50 years. At present it is
considered a bibliographic rarity and is almost impossible to obtain. No
one had issued another world-wido catalogue of fiscal, however Societies of
Revenue stamp collectors exist in a number of countries, and there are a
number of collectors of fiscal. Numerous catalogues have been compiled by
individual collectors of fiscal or Fiscal Societies. Those groups also
publish journals. In US. and England, publishers of Scott and Gibbons
stamp catalogues likewise publish catalogues on fiscal.

There are no complete cataloguis of fiscal of Russia, unless we consider
articles of E. E. Stofanovsky, who seldom publishes them in the philatelic
"press. Those articles cover only a small portions of the fiscal field, namely
the lists of the Soviet issues and the so called membership stamps of the
Soviet period.

In the same year, Cazin ot Rochasc, one of the first French orinophilists
and the founder of the society ",arc-on-. olo (collectors of labels) issued a
catalogue of the commemorative vignettes of the World. This work, the only
one of its kind, is very complete for its time, however it is most raro and
the members of the society sometimes wait 5 to 10 years before they are able
to acquire a copy.

In the field of Russian Erinophilia there are no catalogues or nono-
graphs, yet the field is most interesting and has many collectors to whom
such monographs would be most useful.

The author of this article has boon working for many years on mono-
graphs of various fields of orinophilia and has many valued workers co-
workers consisting of most important collectors-specialists, and hopes to
publish the results of their research in the near future.

In the aforomc-nicnod fields of research, the work is being done by a
group of other colleagues. Jor.n Norton is busy with the fiscal stamps of
Poland, Latvia, Lithuan:ia anid Estonia. Much of the work is in manuscript
form and' is ready for publizua-ion. Dr. Herald OLander member of Rossica
is compiling a catalogue of fiscal of Finland.

In the field of Erinophilia mE.ny socialists are workings on monographs
and catalogues: J. L. Maksimchuk has already published several fine mono-
graphs of Ukrainian vignettes and is now working on the third supplement,
covering vignettes of other countries having Ukrainian themes, John Norton
has compiled a catalogue of labels of Latvia. Member of Rossica, John
Reynolds is working on a catalogue of Soviet av-vovignettes. Another member
of Rossica, R. Polchanincff is compiling a catalogue of Russian scout labels.

No. 61 Page 47

E. A. Hellman, also our member, is/the authorof a -monograph on charity labels
of Finland, published in 19A.7, and also is the author of work on. fiscal stamps
of Finland. Majority of these works,. however, are in manuscript form and are
unpublished or oeist in mimeographed form in few copies.

We must montionthe catalogue of vignettes of the Olympic Games, written
and published by.P, Rampacker, one of the greatest collector-specialists of
commemorative labels. Among these are listed many items of interest to the
Russian colloctois, such as vignettes of USSR, Finland, Poland, and Baltic
countries. Likewise we should mention the well published and most complete
monograph on railroad stamps of Finland, written by our member Hellman. This
edition of 225 copies is well Illustratedd an is abdompanied by a small col-
lection of those stamps, which one can use for a basis of a collection for
those who are interested.,

Certainthomatic collections of vignettes are "historic documents of
value such as collections of labels of World War I and II and those of the
Civil War in Spain of 1936-1939.

Those collections are often added to colloctionse-&'postago st-nips, and
sometimes are included in specialized cataloguosg such as Sanabria and.
Silombri.a under the title of semi-official issues of air mail stamps.-.

For that reason the prices of those labels havo become'very high and they
are difficult to obtain.

The aim of this article is to create interest, in the-so fields of collecting
and also to discover those already collecting. The editorial board of Rossica
and the author of this article aro always glad to answer questions about the
. fiscal and the labels and if. sufficient number of collectors or members
show interest9 the author of this, article and. his co-workers shall contirmo
to write articles on these them's in Rossica Journal.
ooooc0000 oo0oocoooooooooo"

00-COOC OOCoo00000000000000000oo 00oOobboooooooooooo
0 0. . .
o Prico list of FHILATELIC LITBRATU 72 pages, 50 cents o
o 0
o deductable i... f o. first order. o
0 0
o- 0
0 RE G.U L A R PU L IC A U C T IONS-
0 0
o AND MAIL S AL E-S. o
o o
o We cover almost all Fields of Philately. Catalogues freo o
0 0
o ,on request. We buy collections and rarities for 'C A S K. o
0 .
o Our only address -.168 39 Highland Avenue .Jamaica 32, N. Y. o
O '" ., ., o
Pgoo ccc-cc-cccoc Cc No 61cclc 0006,)OCO000

Page 48 No. 61
S

AE1ENDA TO TIE T.. P. O ARTICLEE
BY W, KETHRO AND.J. DARRY IN NO. #59
by V. Kurbas

The S T A TI 0 N S mentioned in"Kothro's and Barry's article in #59
should be translated into English as follows:

Baromlya Ryazan pristan
Pyatikhatki Nadozhdinski Zavod Ryazansko Uralskaya
Yuzhnyyo Vyya Bonkendcrf Sosnovka
Gadyach Lysvonski Zavod Pkrovskaya Sloboda
Syevernyyo Yugo VostochnyyO
Kirzhach Dalashov
Shterovka Aloksikovo
Chasovnya Partly narrow KrivomuzFinskaya
gaugo

N 0 TE E Chanchun, Tashuchai, Riozhun eludee from the list).

All lines of South.Manchurian R. R. areo an exception, as this road in
1913 was undor Japanoso rule. According to the Treaty of Portsmouth, Russia
yielded all rights to part of K V ZH D from station Kuanchenzy (Chanchun)
to Port Arthur (JaDaneso i Riozhun) and Dairon, with all branches. Japanese
called this the South LManchurian R. R. However this road with Japao3so
names of stations entered into Russian tim 'tables of trains but only for
information similar to data on arrival of trains to say Derlin or Vionna.
Thus tho number of tariff miles is net given in the list.
ocooocccooocCOOo.oo

,',COCOCOCC ,"C C -.CCfc "'OC0COOCO0O_.OC00OO""OCO
ooocoooocc.:cc ccc';cococcc ccoccoccco cc-occocooocccoccocooc
0 0 0
o U KRAI NE o
0 0
o All parts, all time. The World*s largest stock of stamps, o
O O
o entiros, covers, mneoy transfer cards, etc. Alsc wanted same o
0 0
o material anCd IT:ra ani paper money; officials and locals, o
o 0
o John Pulat 1-I El:I Stroot Yonkers, New York. o
o o

0 C
o CA S rn E C CHA N GE o
C 0
o For COVERS, OSTCARDS, E, T LES STAKPS, SEALS, REVENUES, VIGNETTES, o
o REPLY COUPONS, MOIEY CPDERS, UI1K IOTES, just everything of EBltic o
o Area, especially Latvia. all time starplesj to recent, o
c Androw IETr- 3ICS 67 ecr-on Avonuqi PE R R Y, Now York, U S A
OOCC O CC0 0 C, 00C C o C : ,- ?. C C ;c..: ...C -r C ,- C .C C'. .r. C

No. 61 Pco 49

LIST OF RAILWAY ROUTES 1912-1918 WITH DISTANCES
by W. E..C. Kethro and J. Barry
(Continued from.#59)

Viazovaia -- Katav -.Ivanovaki Zavod 35
Samaro Syzran Oheliabinsk 1C57
Zlatoustovskaya Krotovka Surgut 81
Bordiaush rakal 49
i ,.. ,' ,

Tashkenortkaya Samara Tashkont 2090
Syevorno- Lgov Rodakovo 517
Donetzkaya Liman Slavyansk r 26
Sontyanovka Orlovskaya 20

Z .Innokentiovskaa Manchuriya. 1431
Zabaykalskaya Karymskaya Srotyensk 266
Yama Nikitovka (Editor)
Nyrkovo Kamyshevakha..(tdit6r)

Kitayskaya Manchuriy -VTladivostok 1605
Vostochnaya i' Kharbin Kuanchentszy 222
Ussiuriykaya Nikolsk Uss. Khabarovak 615

Rostov Baku 1235
Rostov Azov 39
Tikhoretskaya Novprossisk 254
"Vladikavkazskaya Yekatorincdar Stavropol 273
Minorlniya Vody Kislovodsk 61
Doshtan Zholyoznovodsk 5
Tikhorotskay.- Tsaritsyn 502

Batum Tiflis 327
Zakavkaskiyo Dal.dzhary Eaku 14
Surakhany D'Cu 19
Samtrcdi Poti 62
Rion Tkvibuli 49
Mikhaylcvo Surn 6
Mikhaylovo Dorzhom 28
Bakuriani Borzhom N. G.- 35
Skarcpcn Sachkhori N. G. 50
Zakavkaskiyo Tiflis -Dzulfa 517
Aloksndropol Kars 72
Ulukhanlu Erivan 14
Borzhom Borzhom Park 6

Page 50 No. 61

Krasncvodsk Tashkont 174.
Chcrnyayovo Andizhan 306
Sreroye- Aziatskaya Marv Kushka 294
Gorchakovo Skobolevo 8
Kagan- Bukhara 12

Kokand Namanganskaya Kokand Chust 51

Baskunchakskaya Vladimirovksaya Pristan Daskunchak 51

(to be continued)
CC 00.CCCO OC OOC 0CCCC..PC
OCOOCC00C'0 000CCCO : 3 cCCCCCCCCCOOO000 CCOC" COCCC'',..CCC'. OCCCO

o I buy and oxchango papor money. Kindly contact 0
0 0
o K. ANS S 0 N
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o 624 16 Avo. o
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o SAN FRANCISGO 18C C2IFORITIL o
o 0
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CCCCCC0000O CCC CCOCCCC CCCC CCC CCCCC:CCCC CCC CCCCCCC COCC CCOCCCOOCCOOO

0 0
C Wrangol Issue Bcs. 24D B and 2840 0
C C
C Rt. Rev. C. H. Doyle Larycliff Collogo, Highland Falls, New York C
C 0
COOOCO000CG OCCCCC C C< r'CC CCCCCCCfOCC- OOCCOCCCCCOCCOOCCCCOCC00CCCCCCCCCCCCCC

I 0 T P FR 0 OM C O LE C T ORS

W. H. H. Hudkdy, Cornwall. El.ian1

I had a reconstructed blo.k of ronuino Lovant No. 1 design purchased at
the Goss Sale but could net 'I.e this tally with other copies or even-with
Goss's own notes. Now, howovor I have boon fortunate and bought a genuine
mint block at a Erus3sls Auction during the winter months I hope to ro-writo
the whole article on #1 Levant as I fool suro there are flaws in the existing
notes.

G. S. Russell, Aucoklancl, iow Zoealnd

I have a cover with Russian postage of 1922 postmarked Rostov on Don,
bearing also an uncancelled Rostov on Don Charity (Scott E3C). What a pity

No. 60 Pae 51

this letter is not postmarked. I'vonevor yet seen any of this Charity set
genuinely used on a cover.

W. H. H. Huddy

I have two registered covers (obviously philatelic) bearing the Volga
famine relief stamps, red and green, 3 Imperial Arms issue, one Imperf. 3
Famine Relief stamps of 1922 (Feb.), the Korensky issue, and 3-- three vl1uos
Rostov on Don Charity issue, but not S. G. 262, together with 4 values on the
back of envelope Sept. '21 and 122 issues.

The othor.cover carries Volga Famino.Sot 2 copies S.G. 231 and 4 ordinary
others addressed to Now York from Odessa.

If a photograph of one or both would interest Mr. Russell Itll got
one done.

Editor: leoaso see DJRP, No. 21, page 652 for data on Rostov on Don Charitio:

Arthur Shields. Hollywood, California.

Recently I purchased an odd item in oarly Russian postal stationary which
I forwarded to Rimma Sklarovaki for his opinion. He has asked me to drop you
a line about it. In part he says: ------- "The embossingg is Ascher Type ID3
which with watermark Type I (late use) was issued in 1862..... The answer to
the whole story lies in the following: The remainder of paper with watermark
1, sometime between 1862 and 1864 ....woro cut intc shape IV, which was. imp-
rinted with the St. Petersburg local envelope embossing (St. P. Ascher No. 4g),
but probably an unknown numbor of blanks was picked up erroneously by work-
men and embossed with Aschor type ID and placed in circulation.......I would
number this envelope as 4d issued probably in 1864. Now the problem is to
find similar copies mint and if possible cancelled...

A- first, when I got this envelope from the auction, I thought that it
probably had boon cut down from an unused Ascher 4b but found ott later on,
by making cut-outs of both sizes that this was not possible. Also the shape
was not correct. It measures 137x86mm. shich would be right for Aschor 4g
St. Petorsburg.

I was very interstod in John ra'arys article in Rossica No. 60 about
the Reply Paid Lotter Card, for I have one of those ud in 1909, St.
Petersburg to New York.

Also, one that is diffoarnt from the above in size, color and.shape -
used in 1907 oBlov to Ki-il .

Both of these have the oeagl, inscription and space for stamps as des-
cribed by John Barry. Is it correct to state that all items which have these
inscription, etc. are government issue If you think people might be interest-
ed in these I will send you mere complete description and if possible trans-
lations of the contents.

The piece of this typo which I most prize is a letter card without ins-
cription, eaglo, etc. but was sent to Philadelphia from Moscow 13 Dec. 1870.

Pago 52 No. 60

It is written in English, telling that----nin a St. Petersburg paper it was
stated that the government intended reducing the interior postal charge to
7 kopeks Up to date I have not boon able to got any number of envelope
stamps the reason being that very few are used", etc.
That is 5 months exactly before the date cited by John Reynolds for the
first issue of the 7 kop. stamp 13-3-79 and Sir John Wilson gives the date as
20-3-79, from postmarks.

Dr. Wortman seems to settle tho date for me in BJRP No. 31, page 317.

Kurbas, New York

Russian alphabet used in my article was not written by me and is somewhat
orr one us.

a. The article states that Russian alphabet has 33 letters9 but the table
itself only shows 32 omitting "e" with two dots over it. I wrote that the
aforementioned "o" ordinarily is dropped, but without doubt it has its own
distinct sound, and is translatod- into English language entirely different
from orinary"o, o

b. Sound and letter We" corresponds either to English "e" or "yon, as stated
in the article, but never as "i", as indicated in the article.

c. Russian O"B corresponds to English "v"p and not "f" or "FF", which is
stated in the article, the table again is erroneous and indicates it as "f"
and "ff".

Jacquos Possells Cleveland Heights. Ohio

I am enclosing photos of two zemstvo seals for packets. The one on the
left was sent to me by Mr. Frins of Holland. These things are not listed in
the zomstvc catalogues and both Rimaa and Albert Gold think it would be a
good idea if we could run these in the journal with a querry for additional
copies from other collectors and for any information which can be gathered.
The one on the loft does not mention the word Z E M S T V O so I may be
wrong on this one, but the one from Khorson is definatoly a zomstvo and this
is the one which I sent both to Rimma S. and to Albert Gold.

Dr. G, D. Salisbury, Philadolr!_.hia.

Papo of Collector. 21-11-36 (translated from Russian).

In "Philatelic Journal" for June 12, second article of F. V. Lavrov
regarding Zemstvo stamps rmcde its appearance. This time it covered the
issues of Chordyn for 191C. Those stamps are not listed in Soviet Cataloguo.
The author basing his research on large blocks, found in an English collect-
ion, was able to describe four different types, and reconstruct the size of
the shoot.

No. 61 Page 53

*

Dr. A. H. Wortmnn.s London. England,

F. P. 0. No. 118, 22,11.15, (Rossica No. 60, Page"'16). The aforomen-
tionod F. P. 0. was definitely situated in Turkey at that time -and the post-
card censored by the Caucasian War Censor may be considered a "Used Abroad"
item.

The clue is provided by the writer's address, the Caucasian Army in the
Field, 261st Akhulginski Infantry Regiment. In.the summer of 1915 this
Regiment was fighting north of Lake Van and on 14th January 1916 under
General Vorobiov took part in Ydonichts attack on Alakiliso, the final
objective boing Erzorum; so that at the timo this postcard was written
(November 1915) they wore definitely in Turkey. (Caucasian Battlefields
by Allon and Muratoff, Cambridge Univorsity Press, 1953).

Mr. C. do Stackolborg. Washington, D. C.

In the "Rundbriof" (Circular letter) No. 27 of'. Ja muary 1961 of'tho
"Bundosarboitsgomeinschaft Lottiand" (West German Work Associatiori -
Latvia), the Editor of this Philatelic rsc-arch groupt;f. Rolf.Jacobsin of
Hamburg discusses several pre-philatclic letters from Wonden9 dated 1857.
In the right htnd upper corner of the letter, wherq now-a-days the stamps
are usually affixod, a marking 1 f/ 10-'4 (in Russian) is hahdst pobd in
black. The aforementioned letter was probably stamped thus at the Post
Office in Wondo', 'Livonia to"indictto that as per,the then proy2lont rato,
the required 10 kopoks per 1 l.ot (oquivoalnt to weight.of 12.8, grams).
lotter had been collected.

oo00cOOcoooocoCoc 0o 0oococ00 co0o0occ. o 'oocoocco0 o0 C 0 occco o ooo00ooocooo
S 0 -
o The Russian Military Union of Invalids of:the 1st World War, living o
6 in France has issued 4 series of artistic vignettes ..Each series o
o consists of 6 varieties. :The total number .of vignettes in 4 series is o
o 24. The vignettos illustrate the History of Russia ftom the time of o
*. Kniaz Clog (879) to the time of Empeorr, Alroxnder III (1894). o
o o
o The price of theo c:,plceto :sot of 24 vignettes is $1.00 postpaid. o
o o
0 .. : 0
o Union dos Invalidcs Russes, 4s rue do Casablanca, Paris'15, FraIco, o
0 0
oooocooooooococccoocccc occ 'ooooccoO66ooo0000 o000000ooooo0c-ooooooooooo

....... .. .. .

" Page 54 Neo 61

S

I an bringing this to the attention of our readers, as this handstamp
is apparently unknown to most collectors of Russia. The immbor of our
Editorial Doard, Mr. Kurt Adior of Now York has a cover from Windau (Kurkand),
dated 1848 which shows 1/1C in a circle. The handstamp applied to the cover
owned by Mr. Adler surely has the same meaning; i.e. to show.that the fee of
10 kopeks for ono lot letter was prepaid.

The aforementioned Research Group in Germany and I would be most inter-
ested in hearing from cur readers should they find similar covers with hand-
stamps from localities other than Wenden and Windau and especially whether
2/30 and 3/30 markings had also been in use at same post offices in Russia
during the pro-stamp time

M, Lirhschutz, Paris.

I have 1 kop imporforate stamp cancelled "Tiflls 10.4.16" There are
also several 10 R. stamps of 1915 isstu cancelled "Tiflis 10.4.16". Apparently
they are fake cancellations. The cancellations are of the small size, 25mm.
in diameter and small type of Tiflis in 3mm, wide circle.

Likewise, 1 have a pair 'of 1 R. imporf6rate having larger "Tiflis"
cancellation, dated 13.12.16, diameter 29mm; largo type of Tiflis in 5-im.
wide circle. Last namod could be:

a. perforation error of 1912/16 issue with three vertical bands in
margin.

b. early perforation error of 19161 with double "V'S", one inverted
(as this imperforato 1 R. stcmjp appeared :only in April, 1917).

c. cancellation horror, whore the stamp was erroneously.cancelled
"1916" instead of "1919".

We will welcome ccnmonts from the-readers of our journal.
00000000C00000 -
oo0000000oooooooooooooooooooooooo0000oooooo00oooo00oooooooooooooooooooooo
o New Issue Servic Complete Price List o
o at lowest rates. RTT S S I A MINT Fre e., o
o Big choise of sll sLamps from 1921. x I Wish to Buy o
o Some scarce sets in Blocks of 4. x o
o Many varieties and errors in stock. x Scott Nos. 615A, 616A, 617, 859,o
o x 860-66, 992A-992I, 1080-2, 1083a, o
o Sacggo Trice Sottj Price x 1284-88, 1289-94, 1327a, 1341A, o
o 597-604 '1.45 763-766 $0.55 x 1376-83, 1518-26, 2288, and 2369. o
o 629-635 1.90 772-775 0.75 x o
o 666-677 3.75 776-779 0.70 x Please send your offerI o
o 687-692 1.10 794-410 4.50 x o
o 714a-15a 0.50 C2-05 1.25 xS. de 1egeve 7-03 150 str o
o 718-720 0.80 C53-C57 8.50 xWhitestone 57. L. I., N. Y. o
OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO scO C0 OOOOOcOOOOOOOOOOOOOooooooOO ooooc coooooooOOO

No. 61 Pag 55

S

"CO ENTRY TO KARDAKOV'S CATALOGtE No.
by *V, Ushkov

1. Kardokov IV.10. Stock Exhange Bank of Riga. The book, of Dr. E.
Von Stiede, "Das Iivlandischo Dankwesein in Vergangenheit und Gegonwart", f
Weipzig, 1909, Mr A. A. atbarzdis found on page 222 information concerning
this issue; that the lack of exchange coins in 1866 compelled this bank to
issue deposit bank notes in fractions of a ruble, on the basis of remarks
to pp. 27 and 29 of their regulations. The Minister of Finance, however,
rejected this interpretation of the regulations by his resolution of January
20th and September 7, 1866, under No. 5175 and 7469, and orderod all "money
stamps" which-wero. already in-use 'taken out of circulation. This was done
S.in years 1866 ahd 3186 :

2. Brut's Ruble. The signature of Cashier Drut is well known on
Imperial bank notos of 1898-1905 -* it is straight and vry distinct. But
another signature is also known, which is: slanting and loss distinct, on
one ruble of year 1886, perhaps belonging to the same person.
3. Etiology of the Ukrainian Trident. This is a direct descendant of
the coat of arms of the Houso of Ruric. In 1917, when the Government of
Vinichenky ordered painter G. Narbut to draw a sketch of First Ukrainian
Bank Not& of i60 iarbonvantzov/U.l.!/, Mr.Narbut- didnt know.what coat of
arms of 'tho Ukrainian Republic to put' on the bank note, since thore was none
oeistant at that time, Thorofore, .h asked the advice of a Profossor of
History in Fourth Boys High School of Odesab who told Mr. Narbut about the
coat of arms of House of Ruric, and directed him to the Historical Museum
of Kiev, to look at trident on coins of Saint Vladimir and Yaroslav the
Wise. On the coins of Saint Vladimir, the triderit varied several hundred
wore found. However, in the book of I. G. Spassky, "Russian Monetary System",
MQscow,, "TcUhpodgiz", 1960, page 27, illustration 14, 3, there is shown an
image df a trident on the reverse side of the coin that is very similar to
the c6at of arms of tho-Aikraino.-It is true, Lr. Narbut added a cross to
the middle 1rong, but -this was abandoned in later issues; for example, on
1000 Kerhovanetz /V.I..25/, the trident is almost identical to the coat of
arms of Rurfc. on the .coin.
00.000000COC
S. .oocoooooooo
C -tinued from pago 58

Many do-not know that this stamp exist with ordinary comb perforation
121-l2. The stamps of this now. issue Ere quite scarce We assume that a
portion of this issue was probably printed on another machine, These stamps
aro known to have boen old 1ii the town of Ivanovo. We have no information
Whether they were sold in bother towns.

Other data

Size of sheets 100 (10x0C) stamps. Perforation Comb 12-12.
Vertical spacing between stamp 5.5mm. Horizontal spacing between stamps
S4.*5mm. Flaw damaged uprper part of frame of inscription (52nd stamp)
Page 56 No. 61

*

SCOUT POST
by R. Polchaninoff

Shortly after the capitulation of Germany "TPPA" of the U. N. began to
create special camps for D.P. on territories not covered by German laws.

Near Kassel (American Zone) a whole row of camps was oceated, as in the
town itself in Monkhegofo, Fuorstenwald, Tsirenbdrg and Rotvestap, with nearly
3,000 Russians. All of those camps inspito of distance of 20 km. from each
other were governed by same YHPPA 505.

In the beginning the German post could not cope with the postal noods
due to the war damages. This inspired the local organization of Young Rus-
sian Scouts "0150P to set up its own post for camp meds.

On April 18, 1946 during the Russian Easter, it was decided to issuo
Easter Cards and special stamps. The proof was made by the Artist Boris
Kirushin (portayirg church and easter egg) and these stamps were printed in a
small quantity on a mimeograph machine, as the stencils soon spoiled, and on
the same day a-second series of stamps was issued with a simpler design -
scout lilies based on a drawing by thoscoutmaster A. Denner, Postal rates
based on the rates used by German Post wore established 12pf. for a post
card and 24 pf. for letter. At the same time other camps had fantastic prices
on their stamps. Second series, included a p-ostage due stamp of 50pf. to
cover mail thrown into postal boaes without stamps.10 days later the 2nd
issue was re-issued and was used until the end of the year, at which time a
12pf stamp alpparod featuring Bogdan Khmolnitzky, designed by D. Kirushin and
printed at the camp by typography.

It was impossible to obtain good papor in the destroyed Kassol. The
first series was printed on old blue blanks, the second on rose colored ones.
The stamps printed by typography on old calendars, which were printed on good
white paper, watermarked wavy lines falling from from left to right. A few
were found printed on calendars having watermark running in the opposite
direction.

The stamp, portraying Bogdan Khmolnizky was but 'the first of a series
designed by D. Kirus.i Tho cliches portraying feter the Great, Suvorov,
Pushkin, Moscow and :-: .c:- were held up because of a complaint against the
Scout Post. This coinwc.cd :'..th the "purgo" of D.P.ts due to liquidation of
IHPPA and transfer to 3RO. L a result of thoepurgo", many families of scouts
were deprived of D.P. rights and were transformed over to the German economy$
i.e. to various camps set up for German refugees. The Scout Post organized
contact betwoon those separated nmmbers of the organization.

Camp Moinkhogofwas situated 4 miles from the German village of the same
name where a post office existed. The German postmen delivered letters to
the camp office, and those receiving them had to pick them up there, From
February 1949, scout post dolivored mail from camp post to the houses at an
extra fee of 2pf. per letter and 15pf. for a package, from the German post
office in the village, cs the Germans delivered only letters and money but
not parcels. Camro P.O. had similar postal ratos as the German P.O., i.e. 8pf
for town post cared and ICpf. for town letter. People used the camp post until

No. 61 Page 57

the liquidation of the camp in the summer of, 1949. In other camps the Scout
Post, from the beginning, romainod internal in function.

As many scouts moved across the ocoan Scooit Airpost.was.noeodd. Stamps
of now denomination wore needed.- Ld stocks pf stamps were utilizbd, but as
they wore already overprinted, they wore perforated (Serios of Jan. 1, 1950)
and sold at ow prices. Imperforato stamps were sold at old prices. On Jan..
25, 1950 air post cards were issued, as well as air blanks, and until they
appeared plain sheets with hand inscription wore used franked with imporforate
stamp.

Air post cards without inscription, were prepared for the Jugoslav Scout
Post, but as the aforementioned order was not picked up, these cards wero sold
to collectors to defray cost of printing.

The last series printed in Germany was for special camp post for the 8th
.International Jamboree hold in Bad Isl, Austria. Afterwards scout stamps were
issued in Now York, where after the departure of D.P. s a Center for their
activity was set up. The Scout Post to day represents a private, inter-
organization post, which is of interest to philatelists-specialists.
0000000o0000o0000

TISE STAMP FCR THE SHINOTE ALINY
IETECRITE AND ITS PERFCRATIONS
b1y N. aladinetz

To commemorate the 10th Ahnivorsary of the Falling of Shinote Aliny
Meteorites USSR issued a single stamp on November 20, 1957 (Scott No. 1995),
from the design prepared by A. Zavialov. The outstanding feature of the
stips in the sheet was the double perforation betwoon stamps. .brforation
exists.'in the following two typeos:

'T.jvtp I.
Sheet consisted of 72 stamps (12x6), with line perforation 12|-. Verti-
cal perforations including the borders was double. The distance botwoon rows
of perforations is 4.5mm. horizontal perforations between stamps are double,
exoopt at the borders of the sheets. The distance between stamps is 9.5mm.

T .v P" f,
All features the same as in Type I, excopt there is only one row of
vertical perforations at the border and the vertical distance between rows
of perforations is 3.5mm.

Absolutely the same arrangements of stamps in the sheets, allows us to
conclude that the variation 'is in perforations than in the issues. This is
borne out by the fact that the '23rd stamp in both of the sheets has the same
flavw i.e. a defective letter (Russian) I/I in word "P A D E N E",
where the left leg is in form of r short vertical line and a period instead
ofa continuous vertical line.
continued on Page 56
Page 50 No. 61

SUPPLEMENT TO N. I. KARDAKOVYS CATALOG l
by W. M. Ouchkoff

In this enormous work, written by N. I. Kardakov, alone without outside
help, there are many errors, omissions and other defects, as the author him-
self states on page XIX, which is not at all surprising, My purpose is to
enter additions and corrections into the text of the catalogue, as woll as
several commentaries, in accordance with my recollections, information sent
in by collectors, written texts and documents. For the X'division, I used
information graciously sent me by collector R. H. Alexandrov.

Abbreviations used in this article:

V U My collection & notes sent by mo A P "Currency of Far East" by
S K F "Soviet Collector/Philatolist A. I. Pogrebetski.
Z K V "Zakavkazio", edited by M. Sokolpv H K H. I. Kardakov
P L Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania" R 0 S "Rossica"
edited by A. A. Platbarzgis, and S I Sokolov & Ivanov private
his cwn personal information, bonda.
P A P. H. Alexandrov

1.1:790 -Exists from letters AA & further with signature of Shipov, although!
it should have signature of Timashev; probably a Soviet omission.
J11:714 In the bust of ITter the Groat watermark, head is down, so that
the vignette with "50C" lies on Peters's forehead.
1.1:717-719 Is much rarer than 1.2:l-3/Vasolshikov, SKF, 1926-1927.
I.2:9 Is identical to XIZ .Z which was issued only is Siberia, and
should be crossed out.
I.2.10,1- With signature on face of note except XI.I3:1L4C were prepared by
the Government of Admiral 7'olchak but were not issoud, and should
be related to his issues XL.Z; one signature is same as on Zr.XIZ:t
1.3:1-5 Not issued; drawing by Artist Sergei Chechonon, prinyod in Litho-
graphy of Golik and Vilborg, in bPtrograd. This information
given by C, Chechenin.
1.470 -Should road 5r. 20 7/Vc. VU
II.I:I-4 Printed by Golik and Villb'org. Information given by Chochening
Number was not, issued. IY in R(S No. 11.
II.3:4 There is "0r'ays error on upper right "5C,000" ccrrocted by
red impr. '" 500C".
II.3.14.17 Number is I largo or small black figure; No. 16 (stamped). is
rare; No. l',' the oval vignette on left is poorly printed. VU
II.3:38-62 o The real rorforation is parallel to toxt/NK/ and is punched, never
pricked through. The holes may be of various sizes and often not
completely perforated, probably the result of hasty punching of
packets; often there is a neatly punched KF; for this reasons it
os better to avoid newly Iprforatoed tickets. Information derived
from 1Z and my own a xperienc .
III.2ll Shoul' be omitted. Imitation of DB were not completely printed.
NK and RCS .
II1.3:1 The trial impression is sn poor thin paper. On the back side of
the note impression is shifted in such a way that you have only
one column of impressions, instead of two columns found on the
face of the note. There arc 1C marks in each column.

No. 61 Pao 59

III.15:Z-6 4% city obligation, circulated only on agreement; on them there is no
wording indicating their circulation and the law giving them this
right is not known; omit VW
IVl1t3a This is fund with a German stamp and text. There are probablyy
other money certificates. FPL
IV.48a This was undoubtedly issued after the Germans loft, during the Lith-
uanian Republic; it should be transferred to Section XV lU, pago
305, VU
IV.O:1,2 Those were issued in 1866, and shortly removed from circulation. FL.
IVJ2s6 This is occasionally found with a Russian stamp in a simple circle
on the back sido, and with a large German stamp on its face. PL
page 1377.
VI:8 Color is blue and not ultramarine. VU.
VI:21,21a-No. 21 has' a vertical number; No. 21a a horizontal one,
VI:22 On the back side there occurs a misprint, perhaps accidental; with
a miaghky znak b" instead without it in word "KARASTbCYA". VU.
SVI:26 This exists with a registration stamp of "Poltava Division". VU.
VI:31 -Exists also in*Sorios TATD, .Galician issue. VIf.
VI:35,36-1919/rak/No. 35 unfinished money certificate. VU.
VI:41-50-It is indicated'-on them that they are only to be used "locally". -omit
V.12 .Fi:nished checks with monogram: P3. -See P0C No. 30,. page 133.
V.19 7% bonds, bringing income only to January 1, 1919 at which time they
"roach their nominal value; then perhaps they could be used as money.
V.46:1-6 Nmber of the issue is on the back side in Roman numerals, namely:

_karb. I (all seen by me blanks'. lack ,p.ne signature. 3 karb. I, II, III.
S.karb 4 I, II, III, IV, V, TI-(II & V issues not found).
o karb. IsII, III- .IV; V.

Signature s D tinu sin kb. Ii issue; 3b. I issue, 5kb. I & 6 issues
ICkb'. I, IE, V issues.
MG (in Russianj 3kb.. -II,: II .issues; 5kb. III, IV issues;
ICkb. IJI, IV issues.

'CD *- Golova Miisky Dumy". l{ead of MiFsky Senate.
S- "Miisky Gol ovar'" 'Mayor of Misky.- "HK

T.48:10a letters of series A and B priitod on face of note in right upper
corner. :Y.
V.48:lla or b exist with yellowish nets watermarked "waves".
SNo. 11 watermarkcd "waVe s"
3, 5, iC, 25r. with'black or, blue number. BY.
V,58:1 -.In the b inning 'letters of the serial crowded on the left side of
the rectangle, later letters fill it up almost completely. BY.
"frame blue or brown 'Y.
V.69 Those 6% obligations, or bonds were not issued as money. Cross off. BY,
VI.1:6 or 9-known in circulation without'numober. BY. It is possible that 3r.
of this issue exists as a specimen. As it is mentioned in the
official declaration regarding this issue, seen by me in Yalta, Trea-
sury in 1920. DY. No.. 7 or 10 are met having backside in' blue in-
stead ofviolet. DY. -Nq. 10 existed in lithographed series letters
and number and one such blatk is known to me with two letters and
number. DY.

Page 60 No. 61

Insert hero,
VI.3:2 -Design dark blue or black. BY'
VI.3:11 -Background gray or brown. BYD
V.3:14b Number of series in 3 digits or very rarely 5 digits.
*VI.31-14c- In the beginning issued by Rostov on Don office of Government Bank
and later issued by the Government of Denikin and Wrangol: those should
be listed as printed outside of Rostov. I consider that is made with
same background net as on II.7:18-37. VD
VI.3:17 -With K, always has a brown not above yellow, seldom clearly seen.
VI.3:18 Design black with letter 4 sometimes occurs in light brown color. BY
VI 3:19 letters AA small, as on those of Don "VI.3:1-9" BY
VI.3:26 -With letter AK may have a green back side. BY
VI.3:31s32- letters AA and AD blacks AD and AG colored. BY.
VI.3:33-37- Probably nominal; were they used as money.
VI.8:1-7 d 6%, named obligations, circulating only with signatures indicating to
whom they were to be decreed over, for which there was little space;
not noney, cross out. DY,
VI.10:1-4 Text of circulation was not stamped; two varieties of stamps of Govt.
Dank. DY.
VI.11:9 Occurs with additional straight stamp showing name of the branch of
the Government Bank. BY.
VI .11:1,12 Not issued; Date April 29, 1919; 9-10 pairs one survived with over-
print "obrazots" S K F Ch, 1932.
VI.12 Date December 11, 1917. S K F 7-9.1929.
VII.2:3a And with letter D. BY.
VII.3:1-3 6% loan obligations; their use as money was questionable. BY.
K inRossica No. 32/33.
VII.5:2-6 Agrooment of Free Kuban March 1, 1919. No. 48 see S K F 9 1931.,
completed and signed on 49550r. but actually issued only in several
hundreds of rubles.
S VII.9 Financial Commission of Partisan Brigade of Col. Shkuro, made in
Kislovodsk, on Seyt. 22 (old style) 1918, prior to their return to
Datalpashinsk, their first issue of chocks of .lr. partly or entirely
of rod color, with print, of Kislovodsk Branch Government Dank and with
signature of their head (Leontiev L). In Batalpashinsk a chock was
issued of 20Cr. denomination, based on my recollections and documents.
VII.10 Known from phographs in "Archives of Russian 'Revolution", Vol. 7.
VII.11 This issue was made by Piatigorsk Dranch of Government Dank; serving
Station iYnorralrio Vodi but had nothing to do with it. In No. 6 -
watermarked wa'c.s. On No. 16-23 the year is 1918 and not 1919.
Approximato dayc of issue of series A is December 1917. Series B -
end of winter 1il3, D end of spring 1918. In 5, 10, 25 and 50r.
B and B have variations in text on forgery: in series B it is illegi-
ble while in L it is shades by white dashes; but those issues appear
without them also, I saw such in 5Cr. 3-1. 2Y
VII 15 In text stamp is nct"MY but "3p". DY.
to be continued

Page 61 C o. 61

*

STAIEED ENVELOPES OF IMfERIAL RUSSIA
by R. Sklarovski
(Continued from #59. Page 13
Correction. Pago 9, #59. 10 kop. should be narro instead of smaller. I

In this installment we shall give the readers a listing of Imperial
envelopes of the first period as given by S. V. FPrigara in his monumental
work entitled Russian Post in Empire, Turkey, China and Polish Kingdom.

So that collector may follow the list without referring to previous
installments of embossed envelopes, we again list certain description, etc.
in a Table form. (Kindly note that the Table nomenclature "B", "C", "D" and
"nG", follow similarly indicated paragraphs in Journal #59, pages 7 to 13,
where more detailed data is given). .

T ADB LE D -E MV B OSS SIN G

Tyre 1. Bottom,of eaglots tail is flat, touching the tallons of the
eagle at sides. Thp crown.is large.
TMPe 2. The tail is slightly smaller, the .":ttl.ons are separated from the
tail, at the 'ide s.

A. The "C" in insqriptibn i's narrower.
D. *Tho lettering in inscription is slenderer.

"" TAB LE -W AT E R MAR K S

Ty w I. Droad tailed eagle with spread '.out wings. Watermark is in
S .-horizontal double framed rectangle. Roocha aperer,
Tyrve II. Narrow tailed eagle with gathered, wings. Watermark is in
horizontal oval enclosed 'in'horizontal rectangle. Post horns
are. slanted, Ropcha paper.
Type III.- Siilar to ttpe II, exceptt the post horns are upright.
-State Prinzing Works tbaper .

TAB 3 'L-E D. SI Z ES

Size e.. (136 to 13( x (106 to 107)mm,, Size f. (120 to 122) x (79 to 80)mm.
Size' b (139 .to.40) x "A.08 to 112)mm' .e_g. (113 to 116) x.(70 to 73)mm.
Size c. (141. 144) x (114 to 116)mm. .Sizh (118 to 123) x (74 to 76)ma.
Size d. (143 to 145) x ( 84 to 86)mm. :Sie e. (134 to 136) x (84 to 86)mm.

T A D L E G -K N I VIE S. (Farms of Envelopes)

Knife 1. All corners are. formed of straight lines. Nos. 11 to 12, 15a,
15b and 16,
Knife 3, Vertical sides are made of straight lines$ while horizontal
lines are made of smooth curves. Nos. 13, 14c to 14f and 15c
to 15i.
Knife 2. All corners are smooth curves. Nos. 14a to 14b.

It is difficult at times to distinguish the variations in Knives 1 and 2.

No. 61 Page 62

Prigarats listing which is given on following pages is translated from
original Russian, and is based on AschortS catalogues of 1925-1928 ahd
Soviet Catalogue of 1927, plus original research of Mr. Prigara based on
various collections and extensive study for a number of years.

When using the listing which follows and future listing the reader must
realize that human element is very important factlc in the study of this
type and various listings made. This is specially true of the color nomon-
clature and the measurements of the onvelolos, i.e. its sizes.

December 1, 1848. Ropsha parer, brownish-white, yellowish-grayish-white,
rough-thick to very thick. Watermark..C-, Embcssing E1-. Knife 1.

la. 10k. black. Size a. Ib.-1Ck. gray black. Size a 1c.-Inverted watormk.
2. 20k. blue. Size b. 2c.-2Ck. blue black. Size b 2d.-2Ck. daAr blue
2b. 20k. dark bl. Size b, groon. Size b
3Ck. rose carmine 3b.-3Ck. red carmine 3c-3Ck. violet brown
Size c Size c. Size .
3d 3.- 30k. inv. watoerk. 3e,-3Cik.inv. embossing,
Size c. double. Size c.

End of 18i8. Same as previous issue except embossing is D-24. Ropaha paper.

a. 10k. black. Size a. 4b.-1Ck. Tay. black, Sizoa. 5a.-2Ck. bright blue
Sizeb.
lb. 20k. dark blue green 1c9-2Ck. dark blue. Size b d.-2Ck. blue black.
Sizo b. Size b.
ae 2Ck. inv. watermark 6a.-3Ck. carmine rose
Size b. Size c.

Beginning of 1'9. Sane as previous issue, except embossing which is 1-2A.
Ropscha papor.
S- l0Ck. bllack. Size a. 2b4-ICk. gray black. Size a. 7c.-lCk. inverted
embossing.
7d 1Ck, inverted wrik. 7e.-Ck. watermark Size a.
Size a. sideways. Size a.

December, 1055. RopdsL ra-or. Bluish or grayish-white, thin or very thin.
Watermark C-l. Knife GC--., Embossing lCk. D-2A. Embossing 20k. D2.
a. ICk. black. Size b gh-lCk. gray black. Sizebh. 2a-2Ck. light blue
Size c.
9b 20k. light blue groenc .o.2Ck. inverted watermark 92d-2Ck. embossing
Size c. Size c. B-1. Size c.

1861. Ropsha paper. Yollowish-whito or -rayish-white, smooth and hard.
KnifoG-l, Watermark C-II. Embossing 1Ck. D B2. Bmbossing 20 and
3Ck. D-2.

10a.- 10k. black. Size b.l.b.-lCk. gray black. Size b.CIc.-lCk. inv. wmk.
Size b.
1Cc. inv. wik. Size b. 10d.-lCk. watermark side- Ie.-1Ck. Embossing
1Ck. ways. Size b. B-l instead of
1ff. 10k. on. vert. ribbed paper. Size b. B-2A. Size b.

Page 63 No. 61

Ha. 20k1 blue. Size c. Ib, 20k. light blue. ",e 20k. ultramarine
Size c. Size c,
ld. 20k. inv. wmk. li 20k. Embossing 12a. 30k. brick red.
Size c. B-1. Size c. Size c.
12b 30k. red brown. 12c. 30k. inverted
Size Q.' watermark. Size c.

December, 1862. Ropsha paper. Yellowish-white and grayish-white, thin
(remainders of Ropsha paper were used in this issue). Watermark C-1,
Embossing B-2A. Knife G-3.

13a,- 10Ck. black. Size d. 3b. 10k. gray. black. Size d.

Watermark G'2.. Embossing B-2A. Knives G-2 or G-3.

S- 10k black. Knife G-2.14b.- 10k. blackKnlfo G-2.1L4CL 10k. black.
SSize b. Inv. wmk. Size b. Knife.G -3.
S- Size b.
14d I '. black. Knife G-3..j,4..l Ck. black Knife G-31f.- 1Ck. black
Size b. Size Knife G-3.
Size d.

1863. State Printing Works paper. White, grayish-white, bluish-white and
greenishowhite, smooth and hard. Watermark 0-3. Embossing D-2A. (1Ck.)
Embossing D-2B..(20k.)' Knives G-1 and G3 (lc.1 ) and ,G-1 (20k).

15a. 10k. black Knife G-1 T-I0k. glrae black. 15c.- 1Ck. black. Size
Size b. Knife G-1. Size b. d. Knife G-3
gd. 10k. black Knife G-3 5e.-lCk. black 1f.- 1k. black. Size
Size f. .Knife G-3. Sizeg:. h. Knife G-3.
S- 10k. black Knife G-3 !-1C. black. Knife 15i.- 10k. black. Size
Size h. Inv. emboss.. .G-3. Size h. Inv. h. Knife G-3
watermark. Diag. Watermark.

16a. 20k. bright blue. 1b.-20k. light blue. 16c.- 1Ck. blue. Knife
Knife G-1. Size c. Knife .G-1. Size .c G-1. Size c.
r:mbossing B-i.

Envelopes -can be d3parated with' eass by using the following table:

Issue Watexrtrk Embossing Kife
December 1, 1848.. C1 .. B G-1 .
End of 1848 C0-1 B-2B G-l
Beginning of 1P49 0-1 B-..2A. C -
December 1855 C-1 B2A & B2 G -1
1861 C-2 B2A & B2B G- 1'
December 1862 C-I B -2A'-'' G-3
December 1862 0-2 -2A -3, G-2
1863 C-3 B2A & B2B G-1, G-3

to be continued in #62

No. 61 ... Page 64

/ '" **" *S

	Front Cover
	Index
	Editorial
	Life of the society
	Cancellations on Russia no. 1 by...
	Covers of interest to Russian and...
	Notes on the sheet margins of the...
	Proof numeral cancellation of St....
	Flaws on 10R stamp of the 1906-1922...
	B.S.R.P. jubilee display 24th June...
	Reply to Baron Stackelberg by F....
	Reply by Dr. C. de Stackelberg...
	Stamped envelopes with advertisements...
	Tannou Touva - survey by A. Cronin...
	A new check list of the arms type...
	Postage stamps, revenue stamps...
	Addenda to T. P. O. article of...
	List of railway routes 1912-1918...
	Notes from collectors
	Commentary to Kordakov's catalogue...
	Scout post by R. Polchaninoff
	The stamp for the Shinote Aliny...
	Supplement to N. I. Kordakov's...
	Stamped envelopes of Imperial Russia...