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Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships
for the Immokalee Rise Area
Bulletin 303
Laura A. Brandt, Duncan
Powell, and
Frank J.
Mazzotti
UNIVERSITY OF
FLORIDA
Cooperative ExtensiofrService
Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
LaB*^t l^^^1 6L.'-a^**- --k
Bulletin 303
UNIVERSITY OF
FLORIDA
Cooperative Extension Service
Institute of Food and Agrcultural Sciences
Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the Immokalee
Rise Area'
Laura A. Brandt, Duncan Powell, and Frank J. Mazzo
We recently constructed a species habitat relationship
matrix and relative abundance ranking for 324 native
vertebrates and 13 introduced vertebrates in the
Immokalee Rise area of southwest Florida Forested
uplands are used by the largest number of native
species (182) followed closely by range (178), wax
myrtle and willow; freshwater marsh and cypress
forest (172 each)
Pine flatwoods are critical habitat
for the largest number of species (54) and are used by
the largest number of rare species. Overall, based on
a composite ranking of species use and abundance,
freshwater marsh, forested uplands, pine flatwoods,
and range are the most valuable habitats for wildlife
in southwest
Florida.
including 28 species
listed by
state and federal
agencies as endangered, threatened or species of
special concern
Consequently, there is concern
about what the effects of citrus developments will be
on the habitats of native species.
All land-use decisions impact habitats in some
way: whether by direct conversion to agricultural or
urban uses, changes in hydrology due to water
management
practices,
surrounding habitats.
or fragmentation
If we are going to maintain
functioning ecosystems it is important to understand
the implications of land use changes on species within
the region. The first step in doing this is to identify
the species use and importance of existing habitats
The purpose of this paper is to identify important
INTRODUCTION
habitats (based on vertebrate-species
Immokalee Rise region of southwest
use) in the
Florida that--if
Following
a series of devastating freezes in the
altered--will have the greatest impact on the region's
early 1980s citrus growers began a major southward
shift. Since 1980, citrus acreage i southwest Florida
has doubled to the current 60,000ha (Behr 1989).
This trend is expected to continue through the next
decade with a projection of 80,000ha in production by
the year 2000. There is concern that the scale of
these developments
will significantly affect the
ecological integrity of the region, that borders the
environmentally sensitive Everglades National Park
and the Big Cypress National Preserve. Much of the
current and proposed citrus development occurs i an
area occupied by a diverse native flora and fauna
ecological
integrity.
METHODS
The study area for this project was 600,000ha in
southwest Florida that encompasses the Immokalee
Rise (260 52.5'north latitude, 26 7.5'south latitude,
810 37.5' west longitude, 800 52 5' east longitude;
Figure 1). This is one of the five major physiographic
regions in southwest Florida and includes most of
Hendry county and parts of Collier, Lee and Glades
S This document is Bulletin 303, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Instate of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Umversity of Flonda
Publication date June 1995
2. Laura A Brandt, graduate research assistant Wildlife Ecology and Conservation; Duncan Powell, Envronmental Protection Agency, Frank J
Mazzot, assistant wildlife scientist. Wildlife Ecology and Conservation. Cooperative Extension Service, Insttute of Food and Agriltural
Sciences, University of Florida Ganesville FL 32611
The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences is an equal opportunrty/affirmative action employer authorized to provide research,
educational information and other services only to individuals and institutionsthat function without regard to race, color, sex, age, handicap,
or national origin For information on obtaining other extension publications, contact your county Cooperative Extension Service office,
Florida Cooperative Extension Service / Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences / University of Florida / John T Woeste, Dean
Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the Immokalee Rise Area
EAA
WCA
ENP
BCP
Figure 1. Study area and physiographic regions of southwestern Florida See the text for region names.
Page 2
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Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the Immokalee Rise Area
The Immokalee Rise (2) is an area of
predominantly sandy soils (Drew and Schomer 1984),
bordered by the Caloosahatchee Valley (1) region to
the north, the Big Cypress Spur (4) to the southeast,
the Southwestern Slope (3) to the southwest and the
Everglades region (5) to the south. The Everglades
Agricultural Area (EAA), Water Conservation Areas
(WCA), Everglades National Park (ENP), and Big
Cypress National Preserve (BCP) are prominent
agricultural and ecological areas in the region.
The species/habitat matrix for mammals, birds,
reptiles, and amphibians was based on a list produced
by one of the authors (DP), information from Duever
er al 1986, Layne 1974, field guides (reptiles and
amphibians Conant 1975, Ashton and Ashton 1981,
Ashton and Ashton 1985, Ashton and Ashton 1988;
mammals: Burt and Grossenheider 1976, Whitaker
1980; birds: Scott 1987, Kale and Maehr 1990),
consultation with local experts, and supplemented
with data collected dunng field work conducted in
southwest Florida from June
1990-January 1992
Fifteen habitats were used in the construction of
the species habitat matrix (Table 1). The habitat list
was a modification of the descriptions used by the
South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD)
and Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT
1985) for land use and land cover.
Habitats were
selected for their value historically within the region,
e.g. hardwood swamp i Fakahatchee Strand, pine
flatwoods, and temporary ponds, or because they are
becoming
development,
more prevalent
e g. citrus
with agricultural
groves,
canals, and
agricultural reservoirs.
RESULTS
Vertebrates of the Immokalee Rise
Three hundred twenty-four native vertebrate
species, not including species believed to be extinct,
have been recorded in the region or could potentially
occur m the region based on distribution and habitat
requirements.
In addition to native species, 13
(Mazzotti et al. 1992, Brandt unpubl data). Species
names follow Collins et al. (1982) for reptiles and
amphibians, Scott (1987) and Kale and Maehr (1990)
for birds, and Whitaker (1980) for mammals.
The ranking of habitat importance was based on
a system developed by Duever et al. (1986) for use m
Big Cypress National Preserve and is as follows
S= habitat occasionally used,
2= habitat commonly used,
3= habitat heavily used; loss of this habitat
potentially causing reduction of populations,
4= habitat essential for the survival of the
species; loss will result in the elimination of the
species from the area, while
b= breeding habitat.
For categories 3 and 4 the habitat may not be
important for a species all of the time, but is
important during a critical life stage, for example
breeding or nesting Because of incomplete
information, this classification is biased toward better-
known habitats and may underestimate the
importance of less-well-studied habitats.
Overall habitat importance was determined by
counting the number of species using each habitat for
any activity. Critical habitat was determined by
counting the number of species that had a specific
habitat ranked 3 or 4.
Each species also was assigned a relative
abundance rating (Abundant, Common, Uncommon,
Rare) based on fieldwork conducted during 1990 and
1991 (see Mazzotti et al. 1992) and expert opinion.
established or naturalized non-native species were
identified (Table 2).
These species include 20 native and two non-
native amphibians,
46 native and one introduced
reptiles. This is slightly higher than the number (55)
of species reported for the Everglades (Dalrymple
1988; South Florida Research Center Everglades
National Park 1979; Steiner 1984) and for the Big
Cypress (43, Duever et al. 1986).
Twenty-nine native and five introduced species of
mammals are listed as occurring in the region. Two
hundred twenty-nine native and five introduced
species of birds regularly occur m southwest Florida
including 86 year-round residents, 70 winter residents,
16 summer residents, and 57 transient species
Thirty-nne (12%) of the 324 native species are
listed by the U S Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS),
the Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission
(FGFWFC),
Endangered
Florida Committee
on Rare
Plants and Animals (FCREPA),
National Audubon Society (USFWS 1989, Wood
1994, Humphrey 1992, Moler 1992, Tate 1986) as
endangered, threatened,
or a species of concern
because of observed declines m numbers (Table 3).
Habitat Importance
Vertebrate species habitat relationship matrices
for the species occurring m the Immokalee Rise area
are presented i Tables 4-7. It must be emphasized
that these lists are based on available information and
are therefore an underestimate of species using a
habitat. This is particularly true for some of the more
counties.
Page 3
Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the Immokalee Rise Area
Table 1. Habitats used for determining species habitat
relationships in southwest Florida
Habitat Comments
Crop and pasture
Ctrus groves
Rangeland mosaic
Pine fiatwoods
Upland forest
Impacted wetlands
Tropical hammock
Pasture may be any number of
forage species
Beds only
Shrub and brush, treeless
palmetto prairies
Dominated by slash or longleaf
pine Understory species
include saw palmetto, wax
myrtle, and gallberry
Crown canopy at least 66%
dominated by hardwoods
Wax myrtle and willow
Mixed broadieafed vegetation
including magnolia, flowering
dogwood, wild tamarind,
poisonwood, and pigeon plum
Lakes and ponds
Reservoirs
Canal and ditch
Hardwood swamp
Cypress forest
Freshwater marsh
Wet prairie
Agricultural detention areas
Predominantly hardwoods
including red maple, water oak,
bays, cabbage palm Most
notable examples are in the
Fakahatchee Strand
Cypress domes and strands
Primarily treeless herbaceous
vegetation
Predominantly grassy and
slough vegetation on wet soils
Less water and shorter herbage
than marsh
Temporary pond Seasonally inundated wetlands
often called flatwoods ponds,
flag ponds, or prairie ponds
secretive species such as the mink, and for the poorly
studied habitats in this area such as temporary ponds,
In addition, the classification used represents the
minimum use of that habitat by a species and is
designed to identify regionally important habitats
Of the cover types examined, forested uplands
had the most number of native species using it for any
activity followed by range, wax myrtle and willow,
freshwater marsh, cypress forest, and pine flatwoods
(Table 8). Pine flatwoods had the most number of
species using it as critical habitat followed by
freshwater marsh, hardwood swamp, and lakes and
ponds. Sixty-six percent of all terrestrial species were
ranked as uncommon (31%) or rare (35%), 17% as
abundant and 17% as common (Table 2). More rare
species used forested uplands than any other habitat
followed by range, freshwater marsh and wet praise
(Table 8)
However, more rare species had pine
flatwoods as critical habitat than any other habitat
followed by freshwater marsh and hardwood swamp.
Based on a composite ranking of species use and
relative abundance scores, freshwater marsh, forested
uplands, pine flatwoods, and range are the most
valuable habitats for wildlife in southwest Florida.
These are also the cover types that are most
vulnerable to citrus development
DISCUSSION
This list, along with that of Duever et al. (1986)
for Big Cypress, highlights the importance of
pmelands and marshes for a wide range of species
including endangered and threatened species. Duever
et al. (1986) found that for 234 species i the Big
Cypress National Preserve pine forests and inland
marshes, ponds and sloughs ranked as critical and
heavily used for the most number of species. They
speculated that the importance of pine forests in part
was due to their consistent dry nature and that the
importance of marshes in part was due to their
providing standing water for use by a wide range of
species.
In the Immokalee Rise area, the pine flatwoods,
forested uplands, temporary ponds, and marshes exist
in an interconnected matrix. Many species occurring
primanly in one habitat may use another habitat for
foraging or breeding.
Frogs and toads are most
abundant in aquatic systems but some also use
terrestrial systems for other life stages. Species such
as the Sandhill Crane require temporary ponds for
nesting, but forage in upland areas. Temporary ponds
are important foraging and breeding sites for many
other species including the greatest number of
uncommon species. Forested uplands have the
highest number of rare species This may be related
to the rarity of forested uplands within the study area
(< 1% or total area) and the specialized requirements
of the species using them. Species requiring primarily
forested uplands were probably never very common
in the region. The value of the forested uplands is i
their interconnection with other habitats. Because of
this it is very hard to separate the importance and
value of one habitat without the others.
Page 4
Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the Immokale
Therefore it is important to look at the area as an
integrated system, not just a collection of habitats.
Land-cover analysis for this area indicates that
pinelands and freshwater marsh are the habitats most
rapidly being convened to citrus or other agricultural
uses (Pearlstme et al. in press) In order to maintain
the integrity of southwest Florida it will be important
to protect both natural uplands and wetlands as
systems and not as isolated parts The data presented
here provides a baseline for targeting important
habitats within the region, but the habitats must be
considered m context. Temporary ponds are less
valuable as an isolated pond than they are in a matrix
of uplands. Therefore protection of habitats should
be done with a landscape
perspective
incorporating information on the importance
individual habitats.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to thank K. Dryden, P Fredrick, J
Layne, J. Mayer, P. Moler, N. Morris, B. Robertson,
T. Below for reviewing and commenting on the
species habitat matrix. F C Depkm, P. Hinchliff, K.
Montgomery, P Montgomery assisted with data
collection and entry D. Rocus designed the cover
illustration. C. Arnold and the staff at the Immokalee
Research Center provided support throughout this
study.
LITERATURE CITED
Ashton, R.E., JR. and P.S. Ashton. 1981. Handbook
of Reptiles and Amphibians of Florida, Part One'
The Snakes. Windward Publishing, Inc. Miami,
FL 176 pp
Ashton, R E., Jr. and P S. Ashton. 1985. Handbook
of Reptiles and Amphibians of Florida; Part Two:
Lizards, Turtles & Crocodilians. Windward
Publishing, Inc Miami, FL 191 pp,
Ashton, R. E.,Jr. and P.S. Ashton. 1988. Handbook
of Reptiles and Amphibians of Florida; Par
Three: The Amphibians. Windward Publishing,
Inc. Miami. 191 pp.
Behr, R.M. 1989. Report presented by Florida
Department of Citrus, to the Gulf Coast
Growers Association, Labelle, FL
Burt, W.H. and R.P. Grossenheider. 1976 A Field
Guide to the Mammals North American North of
Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Co. Boston. 289 pp
Collins, J T., R. Conant, JE. Huheey, J.L. Knight,
E.M Rundquist, and H.M. Smith. 1982.
Standard common and current scientific names
e Rise Area Page 5
for North American amphibians and reptiles.2nd
Edition. SSAR Herp. Circ. No. 12. 28 pp
Conant, R. 1975. A Field Guide to Reptiles and
Amphibians of Eastern/Central North America.
Houghton Mifflin Co. Boston. 429 pp.
Dalrymple, G H. 1988. The herpetofauna of Long
Pine Key, Everglades National Park, in relation
to vegetation and hydrology. Pp. 72-86. In: R.
Szano, K.E. Severson, and D.R. Patton (eds),
Management of amphibians, reptiles, and small
mammals in North America. USDA, Forest
Serv. Gen. Tech. Rept. RM-166.
Drew, R.D. and N.S Schomer. 1984. An ecological
characterization of the Caloosahatchee River/Big
Cypress watershed. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv.
FWS/OBS-82/58 2 225 pp
Duever, M.J.,J E. Carlson, J F. Meeder, L.C.
Duever, L.H. Gunderson, L.A Riopelle, T.R.
Alexander, R L Myers, and D.P Spangler.
1986. The Big Cypress National Preserve. Res.
Rep No 8 of the National Audubon Society.
Nat. Audubon Soc. New York. 444 pp.
Florida Department of Transportation. 1985. Florida
land use, cover and forms classification system.
Unpub rep. 81 pp
Humphrey, S.R. 1992. Rare and Endangered Biota of
Florida. Volume L Mammals. U. Florda Press,
Gainesville, FL 392 pp
Kale, H.W. II 1978. Rare and Endangered Biota of
Florida. Volume II. Birds. U Florida Press,
Gainesville, FL 121 pp.
Kale, H.W. 11. and D.S. Machr. 1990. Florida's
Birds: A handbook and reference. Pineapple
Press. Sarasota, FL 288 pp.
Layne, J.N. 1974. The land mammals of south
Florida. Pp. 348-413, In. PJ. Gleason (ed.)
Environments of south Florida: Present and Past.
Memoir 2, Miam Geol. Soc.
Mazzotti, F.J., L.A. Brandt, L G. Pearlstine, W M.
Kitchens, T.A. Obreze, F C Depkm, N.E.
Morris, and C.E. Arnold. 1992 An evaluation of
the regional effects of new citrus development on
the ecological integrity of wildlife resources in
southwest Florida Final Rep S. Florida Water
Management Dist. W. Palm Beach, FL 87 pp
Moler, P.E. 1992 Rare and Endangered Biota of
Florida. Volume III Amphibians and Reptiles. U.
Florida Press Gainesville, FL 291 pp.
Pearlstine, L.G.,L.A Brandt, W.M. Kitchens, and
F.J. Mazzotti Impacts of citrus development on
habitat of southwest Florida. Conservation
Biology. In press.
Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the Immokalee Rise Area
Scott, S.L. 1987 National Geographic Society Field
Guide to the Birds of North America, Second
Edition. Nat. Geo. Soc. Washington, DC. 464
pp.
South Florida Research Center. 1979. East
Everglades resources planning project- Wldlife.
Unpub. report prepared for Metro Dade
County Planning Dept. Miami, FL 97 pp.
Steiner, T M. 1984. Amphibians and Reptiles of
Everglades National Park Everglades National
Hist. Assoc. Homestead, FL
Tate, J. Jr. 1986. The Blue List for 1986. American
Birds 40(2)" 227-236.
United States Fish and Wildlife Service. 1989.
Endangered & Threatened Wildlife and Plants. 50
CFR 17.11 & 17 12 U. S. Gov. Pnnting Off,
Washington, DC.
Whitaker, J.0 Jr. 1980. The Audubon Society Field
Guide to North Amercan Mammals. Alfred A
Knopf, Inc., New York. 745 pp.
Wood, D.A 1994. Official Lists of Endangered and
Potentially Endangered Fauna and Flora in
Florida. Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish
Commission, Tallahassee, FL 22 pp.
Page 6
Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the Immokalee Rise Area Page 7
Table 2. Relative abundance of native and non-native vertebrates in the Immokafee Rise area based on field work (June
1990-June 1991) and expert opinion A=Abundant, C=Common, U=Uncommon, R=Rare
Common name Scientific name Relative
abundance
AMPHIBIANS
Spadefoot toad
Southern toad
Oak toad
Florida cricket frog
Green treefrog
Barking treefrog
Pine woods treefrog
Squirrel treefrog
Cuban treefrog
Little grass frog
Florida chorus frog
Eastern narrow-mouthed toad
Pig frog
Southern leopard frog
Florida gopher frog
Greenhouse frog
Two-toed amphiuma
Greater siren
Eastern lesser siren
Everglades dwarf siren
Peninsula newt
Dwarf salamander
REPTILES
Amencan alligator
Florida snapping turtle
Florida box turtle
Penninsula cooter
Flonda red-beliked slider
Chicken turtle
Florida softshell
Gopher tortoise
Scaphiopus holbrookiu holbrookt
Bufo terrestrns
Bufo quercicus
Acns gryllus gryllus
Hyia cmerea
Hyla gratiosa
Hyla femoralis
Hyla squirella
Osteoprius septentonalls
LImnacedus oculans
Pseudacris ngnta verrucosa
Gastrophryne caroinensis
Rana gryllo
Rana utriculana
Rana capitol aesopus
Eleutherodactylus planirostrs plantrostns
Amphiuma means
Siren lacertmna
Siren intermeda intermedia
Pseudobranchus status bell
Notophthalmus vindescens piaropicola
Eurycea quadrdigitata
Alligator mississippiensis
Chelydra serpentina
Terrapene carolina
Pseudemys flondana
Pseudemys nelson,
Deirochelys reticulana
Tnonyx ferox
Gopherus polyphemus
Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the Immokalee Rise Area
Table 2. Relative abundance of native and non-native vertebrates in the Immokalee Rise area based on field work (June
1990-June 1991) and expert opinion A=Abundant, C=Common, U=Uncommon, R=Rare
Common name Scientific name Relative
abundance
Stinkpot
Florida mud turtle
Striped mud turtle
Green anole
Brown anole
Eastern glass lizard
Eastern slender glass lizard
Island glass lizard
Six-lined racerunner
Ground skink
Southeast five-lined skink
Peninsula mole skink
Indo-Pacific gecko
Florida cottonmouth
Dusky pygmy rattlesnake
Eastern diamondback rattlesnake
Eastern coral snake
Florida green water snake
Brown water snake
Florida banded water snake
Striped crawfish snake
Black swamp snake
Florida brown snake
Eastern garter snake
Peninsula ribbon snake
Eastern hognose snake
Southern nngneck snake
Pine woods snake
Eastern mud snake
Southern black racer
Eastern coachwhip
Rough green snake
Sternotherus odoratus
Kinosternon subrubrum
Knosternon baunt
Anois caromnensis
Anofis sagrei
Ophisaurus ventrahs
Ophisaurus attenuatus
Ophisaurus compressus
Cnemidophorus sexlineatus
Scncella lateral
Eumeces inexpectatus
Eumeces egregious onocrepis
Hemidactylus garmott
Agktstrodon piscivorus
Sistrurus miharius
Crotalus adamanteus
Micrurus fuvius
Nerodia flondana
Nerodia taxspilota
Nerodia fasciata
Regina alteni
Seminatnx pygaea
Storeria dekayi
Thamnophis sirtabs
Thamnophis sauritus
Heterodon plattrhinos
Diadophts punctatus
Rhadinaea flavilata
Farancia abacura
Coluber constrctor
Masticophs flagellum
Opheodrys aestivus
Page 8
Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the immokalee Rise Area Page 9
Table 2. Relative abundance of native and non-native vertebrates in the Immokalee Rise area based on field work (June
1990-June 1991) and expelr opinion A=Abundant, C=Common, U=Uncommon, R=Rare
Common name Scientific name Relative
Eastern indigo snake
Corn snake
Yellow rat snake
Florida pine snake
Florida kingsnake
Scarlet kingsnake
Scarlet snake
Florida crowned snake
BIRDS
Horned Grebe
Pied-billed Grebe
Brown Pelican
Amencan Anhinga
Double-crested Cormorant
Least Bittern
American Bittern
Black-crowned Night-Heron
Yellow-crowned Night-Heron
Green-backed Heron
Tricolored Heron
Little Blue Heron
Cattle Egret
Snowy Egret
Great Egret
Great Blue Heron
Great White Heron
Wood Stork
Glossy Ibis
White Ibis
Roseate Spoonbill
Sandhill Crane
Florida Sandhill Crane
D/ymarchon corals
Elaphe guttata
Eiaphe obsoleta
Pituophis melanoleucus
Lampropeltis getula
Lampropelbs triangulum
Cemophora coccinea
Tantilia relicta
abundance
R
C
C
R
R
U
U
R
Podiceps auntus
Podilymbus podiceps
Pelecanus occidentalis
Anhinga anhinga
Phalacrocorax auntus
lxobrychus exilis
Botaurus lentiginosus
Nycticorax nycticorax
Nycticorax volaceus
Butorides striatus
Egretta tricolor
Egretta caerulea
Bubulcus ibis
Egretta thula
Casmerodius albus
Ardea herodias
Ardea herodias
Myctena americana
Plegadis falcinellus
Eudocimus albus
Ataia ajaja
Grus canadensis
Grus canadensis pratensis
Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the Immokalee Rise Area
Table 2. Relative abundance of native and non-native vertebrates in the Immokalee Rise area based on field
1990-June 1991) and expert opinion A=Abundant, C=Common, U=Uncommon, R=Rare
I Common name Scientific name
Mottled Duck
Gadwall
Green-winged Teal
American Wigeon
Northern Pintail
Northern Shoveler
Blue-winged Teal
Ruddy Duck
Fulvous Whistling-Duck
Wood Duck
Canvasback
Redhead
Ring-necked Duck
Lesser Scaup
Hooded Merganser
Limpkir
King Rail
Virginia Rail
Sora
Black Rail
Purple Gallinule
Common Moorhen
American Coot
American Avocet
Black-necked Stilt
Semrpalmated Plover
Killdeer
Black-bellied Plover
Greater Yellowlegs
Lesser Yellowlegs
Solitary Sandpiper
Spotted Sandpiper
Anas fulvigula
Anas strepera
Anas crecca
Anas americana
Anas acuta
Anas clypeata
Anas discors
Oxyura jamaicensis
Dendrocygna bicolor
Aix sponsa
Aythya valisinera
Aythya americana
Aythya collans
Aythya affinis
Lophodytes cucul/atus
Aramus guarauna
Rallus elegans
Railus limicola
Porzana carolina
Laterallus jamaicensis
Porphyrula maritmca
Gallinula chloropus
Fulica americana
Recurvrostra americana
Himantopus mexicanus
Charadrius semipalmatus
Charadrius vociferus
Pluvwalis squatarola
Tnrga melanoleuca
Tnnga flavipes
Trmga sohtana
Actitis macularna
d work (June
Relative
abundance
U
R
C
R
U
R
C
R
R
C
R
R
R
R
C
U
U-C
R
U-C
R
U-C
A
C
R
U
U
A
U
C
C
U
U
Page 10
Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the Immokalee Rise Area
Table 2. Relative abundance of native and non-native vertebrates in the Immokalee Rise area based on field work (June
1990-June 1991) and expert opinion A=Abundant, C=Common, U=Uncommon, R=Rare
Common name Scientific name Relative
abundance
Short-billed Dowitcher
Long-billed Dowicher
Common Snipe
American Woodcock
Semipatmated Sandpiper
Western Sandpiper
Least Sandpiper
Pectoral Sandpiper
Laughing Gull
Ring-billed Gull
Hernng Gull
Forster's Tern
Least Tern
Royal Tern
Black Skimmer
Turkey Vulture
Black Vulture
Bald Eagle
American Swallow-tailed Kite
Snail Kite
Northern Harrier
Sharp-shinned Hawk
Cooper's Hawk
Red-shouldered Hawk
Broad-winged Hawk
Red-tailed Hawk
Short-tailed Hawk
Osprey
Crested Caracara
Southeast American Kestrel
American Kestrel
Merlin
Limnodromus grseus
Limnodromus scolopaceus
Gafhnago galmfnago
Scolopax minor
Calhdds pusilla
Calidris mau
Caltdns mmnutila
Calidrs melanctos
Larus atrcila
Larus delawarensis
Larus argentatus
Sterna forster
Sterna antillarwu
Sterna maxtma
Rynchops niger
Cathartes aura
Coragyps atratus
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
Elanoides forficatus
Rostrhamus sociabilis
Circus cyaneus
Accipiter stratus
Accipiter cooper
Buteo hneatus
Buteo plafypterus
Buteo jamaicensis
Buteo brachyurus
Pandion hahaetus
Polyborus plancus
Falco sparverus paulus
Falco sparvenus
Falco columbarius
Page 11
Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the Immokalee Rise Area
Table 2. Relative abundance of native and non-native vertebrates in the Immokalee Rise area based on fie!
1990-June 1991) and expert opinion A=Abundant, C=Common, U=Uncommon, R=Rare
ICommon name Scientific name
Peregrine Falcon
Northern Bobwhite
Wild Turkey
Rock Dove
Mourning Dove
White-winged Dove
Common Ground Dove
Eurasian Collared Dove
Smooth-billed Ani
Yelow-billed Cuckoo
Common Barn-Owl
Short-eared Owl
Great Horned Owl
Barred Owl
Eastern Screech-Owl
Burrowing Owl
Chuck-will's-widow
Whip-poor-will
Common Nighthawk
Chimney Swift
Ruby-throated Hummingbird
Belted Kingfisher
Red-bellied Woodpecker
Northern Flicker
Red-headed Woodpecker
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker
Downy Woodpecker
Hairy Woodpecker
Red-cockaded Woodpecker
Pileated Woodpecker
Eastern Kingbird
Gray Kingbird
Falco peregnnus tundrius
Colinus vrglnianus
Meleagns gallopavo
Columba lhvia
Zenaida macroura
Zenaida asratica
Columbina passennae
Streptopela decaocto
Crotophaga anm
Coccyzus americanus
Tyto alba
Asno flammeus
Bubo vrginianus
Strix varia
Otus aso
Athene cunicularna
Capnmulgus carohnensis
Capnmulgus vociferus
Chordedes minor
Chaetura pelagica
Archilochus colubns
Ceryle alcyon
Melanerpes carohnus
Colaptes auratus
Melanerpes erythrocephalus
Sphyrapicus vanus
Picoides pubescens
Picoides villosus
Picordes borealis
Dryocopus pieatus
Tyrannus tyrannus
Tyrannus dominicensis
d work (June
Relative
abundance
R
C
U
C
A
U
A
R
R
U-C
U-R
R
C
C
U
U
C
U
A
C-U
U-R
A-C
A
C
U
U
C
U
R
C
U-C
R
Page 12
Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the Immokalee Rise Area
Table 2. Relative abundance of native and non-native vertebrates in the Immokalee Rise area based on field
1990June 1991) and expert opinion A=Abundant, C=Common, U=Uncommon, R=Rare
SCommon name Scientific name
Western Kingbird
Scissor-tailed Flycatcher
Great Crested Flycatcher
Eastern Wood-Pewee
Eastern Phoebe
Acadian Flycatcher
Tree Swallow
Purple Martin
Northern Rough-winged Swallow
Barn Swallow
Florida Scrub Jay
Blue Jay
American Crow
Fish Crow
Tufted Titmouse
Carolina Chickadee
Brown Creeper
Brown-headed Nuthatch
House Wren
Caroina Wren
Marsh Wren
Sedge Wren
Ruby-crowned Kinglet
Blue-gray Gnatcatcher
Eastern Bluebird
Wood Thrush
Veery
Swainson's Thrush
Gray-cheeked Thrush
Hermit Thrush
American Robin
Loggerhead Shrike
Tyrannus verticahis
Tyrannus forficatus
Mylarchus crnitus
Contopus vrens
Sayorns phoebe
Empidonax virescens
Tachycneta bicolor
Progne subis
Stelgidopteryx sernpennis
Hirundo rustic
Aphelocoma coerulescens
Cyanocitta cnstata
Corvus brachyrhynchos
Corvus ossifragus
Parus bicolor
Parus carolinensis
Certhia americana
Sitta pusilla
Troglodytes aedon
Thryothorus ludovicianus
Cistothorus palustrns
Cistothorus platensis
Regulus calendula
Polioptila caerulea
Staila siahs
Hylocichla mustelina
Catharus fuscescens
Catharus ustulatus
Catharus minirus
Catharus guttatus
Turdus migratonus
Lanius ludovcianus
d work (June
Relative
abundance
R
R
C
R
C
R
A
C
U
U
C
R
C
A
U
C-U
R
R
U-C
A
U
U
U
A
U-C
R
R
R
R
R
A
A
Page 13
Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the Immokalee Rise Area
Table 2. Relative abundance of native and non-native vertebrates in the Immokalee Rise area based on fie
1990-June 1991) and expert opinion A=Abundant, C=Common, U=Uncommon, R=Rare
SCommon name Scientific name
Gray Catbird
Northern Mockingbird
Brown Thrasher
Water Pipit
Cedar Waxwing
European Staring
White-eyed Vireo
Yellow-throated Vireo
Solitary Vireo
Red-eyed Vireo
Warbling Vireo
Philadelphia Vireo
Prothonotary Warbler
Blue-winged Warbler
Golden-winged Warbler
Tennessee Warbler
Orange-crowned Warbler
Nashville Warbler
Northern Parula
Black-and-white Warbler
Black-hroated Blue Warbler
Blackburnian Warbler
Chestnut-sided Warbler
Cape May Warbler
Magnolia Warbler
Yellow-rumped Warbler
Black-throated Green Warbler
Yellow-throated Warbler
Praine Warbler
Bay-breasted Warbler
Blackpoll Warbler
Pine Warbler
Dumetella carohnensis
Mimus potyglottos
Toxostoma rufum
Anthus spmnoletta
Bombycilla cedrorum
Sturnus vulgaris
Vireo gnseus
Vireo flavifrons
Vireo soitarius
Vireo olivaceus
Vireo giivus
Vireo philadelphicus
Protonotara citrea
Vermivora pinus
Vermivora chrysoptera
Vermivora peregrina
Vermivora cealat
Vermivora ruficapil/a
Paru/a americana
Mnfotlta veaia
Dendroica caerulescens
Dendroica fusca
Dendroica pensylvanica
Dendroioa tigrina
Dendroica magnolia
Dendroica coronata
Dendroica virens
Dendroica dominica
Dendroica discolor
Dendroica castanea
Dendroica striata
Dendroica pinus
Id work (June
Relative
abundance
C
A
U-C
R
R
C
A
R
C-U
U
R
R
U
R
R
R
R
R
U
C
U
R
R
U
U
A
R
C
C
R
R
C
Page 14
Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the Immokalee Rise Area
Table 2. Relative abundance of native and non-native vertebrates in the Immokalee Rise area based on field work (June
1990-June 1991) and expert opinion A=Abundant, C=Common, U=Uncommon, R=Rare
Palm Warbler
Yellow Warbler
Connecticut Warbler
Kentucky Warbler
Canada Warbler
Wilson's Warbler
Hooded Warbler
Worm-eating Warbler
Swainson's Warbler
Ovenbird
Louisiana Waterthrush
Northern Waterthrush
Common Yellowthroat
Yellow-breasted Chat
American Redstart
Rose-breasted Grosbeak
Northern Cardinal
Blue Grosbeak
Indigo Bunting
Painted Bunting
Rufous-sided Towhee
Grasshopper Sparrow
Florida Grasshopper Sparrow
Henslow's Sparrow
Vesper Sparrow
Savannah Sparrow
Song Sparrow
Lark Sparrow
Bachman's Sparrow
Field Sparrow
Chipping Sparrow
Dark-eyed Junco
Dendroica palmarum
Dendroica petechia
Oporonis agihs
Oporonis formosus
Wilsona canadensis
Wilsonia pusifla
Wilsonia citrina
Helmitheros vermivorus
Limnothiypis swamsonn
Seturus aurocapillus
Seiurus motacila
Seturus noveboracensis
Geothlypis trichas
Itena virens
Setophaga rutcilla
Pheucticus ludovicianus
Cardinals cardinalis
Guiraca caerulea
Passerina cyanea
Passerina ciris
Pipilo erythrophthalmus
Ammodramus savannarum
Ammodramus savannarum flondanus
Ammodramus henslowif
Pooecetes grammeus
Passerculus sandwichensis
Melospiza melodia
Chondestes grammacus
Armophilia aestivahs
Spizella puslla
Spize/la passerna
Junco hyemali
Page 15
Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the Immokalee Rise Area
Table 2. Relative abundance of native and non-natie vertebrates in the Immokalee Rise area based on fie
1990-June 1991) and expert opinion. A=Abundant, C=Common, U=Uncommon, R=Rare
Common name Scientific name
While-throated Sparrow
White-crowned Sparrow
Lincoln's Sparrow
Swamp Sparrow
Dickcissel
Boboimnk
Eastern Meadowlark
Red-winged Blackbird
Brewer's Blackbird
Brown-headed Cowbird
Common Grackle
Boat-tailed Grackle
Orchard Oriole
Norhern Oriole
Scarlet Tanager
Summer Tanager
House Sparrow
Pine Siskin
American Goldfinch
Purple Finch
MAMMALS
Virginia opposum
Short-tailed shrew
Least shrew
Eastern mote
Northern yellow bat
Evening bat
Rafinesque's big-eared bat
Brazilian free-tailed bat
Common long-nosed armadillo
Marsh rabbit
Eastern cottontail
Zonotrchia a/lbco//hs
Zonotrichta leucophrys
Melosp/za Iincolnit
Melospiza georgiana
Spiza amencana
Dolichonyx oryzvorus
Sturnella magna
Agelaius phoeniceus
Euphagus cyanocephalus
Molothrus after
Quiscalus quiscula
Quiscalus major
Icterus spuinus
Icterus galbula
Piranga ohivacea
Piranga rubra
Passer domesticus
Carduels pinus
Carduelis tristis
Carpodacus purpureus
Didelphis virginiana
Bianna carolinensis
Cryptobs parva
Scalopus aquaticus
Lasiurus intermedius
Nycticeius humerabis
Plecotus rafmesquid
Tadanda brasliensis
Dasypus novemcinctus
Sylvilagus palustns
Sylvilagus floridanus
d work (June
Relative
abundance
U
R
R
C
R
R
A
A
U
C
A
A
R
C-U
U
C-U
A
R
C
R
A
U
C
R
R
R
R
R
A
U
A
Page 16
Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the Immokalee Rise Area
Table 2. Relative abundance of native and non-native vertebrates in the Immokalee Rise area based on fie
1990-June 1991) and expert opinion A=Abundant. C=Common U=Uncommon, R=Rare
Common name Scientific name
Eastern gray squirrel
Sherman's fox squirrel
Southern flying squirrel
Marsh rice rat
Southeastern harvest mouse
Cotton mouse
Hispid cotton rat
Round-tailed muskrat
Black rat
Norway rat
House mouse
Gray fox
Florida black bear
Raccoon
Florida long-tailed weasel
Everglades mink
Eastern spotted skunk
Striped skunk
River otter
Florida panther
Bobcat
Swine
White-tailed deer
ScIurus carohnensis
Sciurus niger
Glaucomys volans
Oryzomys palustrs
Reithrodontomys humuhis
Peromyscus gossypnus
Sigmodon hispidus
Neofiber alleni
Rattus rattus
Rattus norvaegcus
Mus muscutus
Urocyon cinereoargenteus
Ursus amenfcanus flondanus
Procyon lotor
Mustela frenata peninsula
Mustela vison evergladensis
Spilogale putonus
Mephitis mephits
Lutra canadensis
Felis concolor corty
Fe/is rufus
Sus scrofa
Odocoileus virgnimanus
Id work (June
Relative
abundance
C
R
R
C
U
C
A
R
R
R
A
U
R
A
R
R
U
R
C
R
U
C
A
Page 17
Vertebrate Species Habrtat Relationships for the Immokalee Rise Area
Table 3. Rare, endangered, and species of special concern reported within the Immokalee Rise area (USFWS
1989, Wood 1994, Humphrey 1992,
Moler 1992, Kale 1978, Tate 1986)
Page 18
E= Endangered, T= Threatened, T(S/A)
= Threatened due to similarity of appearance, SSC= Species of special concern, C2= Under review for federal
listing, but substantial evidence of biological
numbers. B= Down in numbers, C= Stable;
vulnerability and/or threat is lacking, R= Rare, A= Greatly down in
D= Up in numbers.
* No legal status
FGFWFC
FCREPA*
AMPHIBIANS
Gopher frog
REPTILES
Amercan alligator
Eastern indigo snake
Florida pine snake
Gopher tortoise
Island glass lizard
BIRDS
Brown Pelican
Tricolor Heron
Little Blue Heron
Snowy Egret
White Ibis
Wood Stork
Roseate Spoonbill
Florida Sandhill Crane
Limpkin
Least Tern
Sharp-shinned Hawk
Cooper's Hawk
Snail Kite
Bald Eagle
Crested Caracara
Southeastern American Kestrel
Arctic Peregrine Falcon
Burrowing Owl
Red-headed Woodpecker
Red-cockaded Woodpecker
Florida Scrub Jay
Eastern Bluebird
Loggerhead Shrike
USFWS
Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the immokalee Rise Area
Table 3. Rare, endangered, and species of special concern reported within the Immokalee Rise area (USFWS
1989, Wood 1994, Humphrey 1992, Moler 1992, Kale 1978, Tate 1986) E= Endangered, T= Threatened, T(S/A)
= Threatened due to similarity of appearance, SSC= Species of special concern; C2= Under review for federal
listing, but substantial evidence of biological
numbers, B= Down in numbers, C= Stable,
Page 19
vulnerability and/or threat is lacking: R= Rare, A= Greatly down in
D= Up in numbers
* No legal status
USFWS FGFWFC FCREPA* National Audubon*
Bachman's Sparrow
Florida Grasshopper Sparrow
MAMMALS
Rafinesque's big-eared bat
Round-tailed muskrat
Florida black bear
Florida long-tailed weasel
Florid mink
Everglades mink
Sherman's fox squirrel
Florida panther
E E
Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the Immokalee Rise Area
Table 4. Amphibians of southwest Florida with an index of their habitat use of selected habitats in southwest Florida Habitat indices 1 = rarely used,
used, 3= heavily used with the loss of this habitat potentially reducing population, 4= essential with the loss of this habitat resulting in the elimination
population, b indicates breeding habitat.
* indicates non-native species.
2= commonly
of the
Spadefoot toad
2b 3b 2b
3b 2b 2b
Florida cricket frog
Green treefrog
Barking treefrog
Pine woods treefrog
Squirrel treefrog
*Cuban treefrog
Little grass frog
Florida chorus frog
lb 2b 2b
lb 2b 2b
Eastern narrow-mouthed toad
Pig frog
Southern leopard frog
Florida gopher frog
*Greenhouse frog
Two-toed amphiuma
Eastern lesser siren
Evergiades dwarf siren
2b 2 2
2b i b 3b
Crop Citrus Range Pine Forested Wax Tropical Canal Lake Reser- Hardwood Cypress Fresh Wet Temp
and grove flatwoods upland myrtle hammock and voir swamp forest water prarie pond
pasture and pond marsh
willow
Page 20
Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the Immokalee Rise Area
Table 5. Reptiles of southwest Florida with an index of their habitat use of selected habitats in southwest Florida.
Habitat indices 1 = rarely used, 2= commonly used,
3= heavily used with the loss of this habitat potentially reducing population, 4= essential with the loss of this habitat resulting in the elimination of the population, b
indicates breeding habitat
* indicates non-native species.
American alligator
Florida snapping turtle
2b 2b 2b
Gopher tortoise
Stinkpot
3b 2b
3b 2b
Striped mud turtle
2b 2b
2b 2b
2b 2b
2b 2b
Eastern glass lizard
Eastern slender glass lizard
Island glass lizard
Six-lined racerunner
Southeastern five-lined skink
Peninsula mole skink
*lndo-Pacific gecko
2b 2b
Dusky pygmy rattlesnake
Crop Citrus Range Pine Forested Wax Tropical Canal Lake Reser. Hardwood Cypress Fresh Wet Temp
and grove flatwoods upland myrtle hammock and voir swamp forest water prairie pond
pasture and pond marsh
willow
Page 21
Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the Immokalee Rise Area
Table 5. Reptiles of southwest Florida with an index of their habitat use of selected habitats in southwest Florida Habitat indices 1 = rarely used, 2= commonly used,
3= heavily used with the loss of this habitat potentially reducing population, 4= essential with the loss of this habitat resulting in the elimination of the population, b
indicates breeding habitat,
* indicates non-native species.
Eastern diamondback 2b 3b lb b b 1
Florida green water snake
Brown water snake
Striped swamp snake
Black swamp snake
Florida brown snake
Eastern garter snake
Peninsula ribbon snake
Eastern hognose snake
Southern rngneck snake
Pine woods snake
Eastern coachwhip
Rough green snake
Eastern indigo snake
2b 2b
2b 2b
2b
2b 2b
2b 2b
2b 2b
Florida pine snake
Florida kingsnake
Page 22
Page 23
Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the Immokalee Rise Area
Table 5. Reptiles of southwest Florida with an index of their habitat use of selected habitats in southwest Florida Habitat indices 1 = rarely used, 2= commonly used,
3= heavily used with the loss of this habitat potentially reducing population, 4= essential with the loss of this habitat resulting in the elimination of the population, b
indicates breeding habitat. indicates non-native species
Crop Crtrus Range Pine Forested Wax Tropical Canal Lake Reser- Hardwood Cypress Fresh Wet Temp
and grove flatwoods upland myrtle hammock and voir swamp forest water prairie pond
pasture and pond marsh
willow
Scarlet kingsnake
Scarlet snake
Florida crowned snake
Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the immokalee Rise Area Page 24
Table 6. Birds of southwest Florida with residence type and an index of habitat utilization for selected habitats of southwest Florida Residence (Res) s= summer, w= winter, p=
permanent and t= transitory Habitat indices 1 = rarely used, 2= commonly used, 3= heavily used with the loss of this habitat potentially reducing population, 4 essential with the loss
of this habitat resulting in the elimination of the population, b indicates breeding habitat
Horned Grebe
Pied-blled Grebe
American Anhinga
Double-crested Cormorant
Least Bittern
Black-crowned Night-Heron
Yellow-crowned Night-
Tricolored Heron
Little Blue Heron
* indicates non-native species
Cattle Egret
Snowy Egret
Great Egret
3b 3b
3b 3b
Great Blue Heron
Great White Heron
Wood Stork
Glossy Ibis
Roseate Spoonbill
Florida Sandhill Crane
p 2 1
Res Crop Citrus Range Pine Forested Wax Tropical Canal Lake Reser- Hardwood Cypress Fresh Wet Temp
and grove flatwoods upland myrtle hammock and voir swamp forest water praie pond
pasture and pond marsh
willow
p 2
Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the Immokatee Rise Area Page 25
Table 6. Birds of southwest Florida with residence type and an index of habitat utilization for selected habitats of southwest Florida Residence (Res) s= summer, w= winter, p=
permanent and t= transitory. Habitat indices 1= rarely used, 2= commonly used, 3= heavily used with the loss of this habitat potentially reducing population, 4= essential with the loss
of this habitat resulting in the elimination of the population, b indicates breeding habitat indicates non-native species
Res Crop Citrus Range Pine Forested Wax Tropical Canal Lake Reser- Hardwood Cypress Fresh Wet Temp
and grove flatwoods upland myrtle hammock and voir swamp forest water prairie pond
pasture and pond marsh
willow
Sandhill Crane
Mottled Duck
Gadwa)l
Green-winged Teal
American Widgeon
Northern Pintail
Northern Shoveler
Blue-winged Teat
Ruddy Duck
Fulvous Whistling-Duck
Wood Duck
Canvasback
Redhead
Ring-necked Duck
Lesser Scaup
Hooded Merganser
Limpkin
King Rail
Virginia Rail
Sora
Black Rail
Purple Gallule
P 1 4b 2 4b
Common Moorhen p
Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the Immokalee Rise Area Page 26
Table 6. Birds of southwest Florida with residence type and an index of habitat utilization for selected habitats of southwest Florida Residence (Res) s= summer, w= winter, p=
permanent and t= transitory Habitat indices 1 = rarely used, 2= commonly used, 3= heavily used with the loss of this habitat potentially reducing population, 4= essential with the loss
of this habitat resulting in the elimination of the population, b indicates breeding habitat
American Coot
American Avocet
Black-necked Stilt
Semipalmated Plover
Killdeer
Black-bellied Plover
Greater Yellowlegs
Lesser Yellowlegs
Solitary Sandpiper
Spotted Sandpiper
Short-billed Dowhcher
Long-billed Dowitcher
Common Snipe
American Woodcock
Semipalmated Sandpiper
Western Sandpiper
Least Sandpiper
Pectoral Sandpiper
Laughing Gull
Ring-billed Gull
Herring Gull
Forster's Tern
* indicates non-native species
2b 2b Ib
Res Crop Citrus Range Pine Forested Wax Tropical Canal Lake Reser- Hardwood Cypress Fresh Wet Temp
and grove flatwoods upland myrtle hammock and voir swamp forest water praise pond
pasture and pond marsh
wrllow
Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the Immokalee Rise Area
Table 6 Birds of southwest Florida with residence type and an index of habitat utilization for selected habitats of southwest Florida Residence (Res) s= summer, w= winter p=
permanent and t= transitory. Habitat indices 1 = rarely used, 2= commonly used, 3
Page 27
heavily used with the loss of this habitat potentially reducing population, 4= essential with the loss
of this habitat resulting in the elimination of the population, b indicates breeding habitat indicates non-native species,
Royal Tern
Turkey Vulture
p 2
p 2
Bald Eagle
Sharp-shinned Hawk
Cooper's Hawk
Red-shouldered Hawk
Broad-winged Hawk
Red-tailed Hawk
Short-tailed Hawk
Osprey
p 2
Peregrine Falcon
Wild Turkey p 1
Res Crop Citrus Range Pine Forested Wax Tropical Canal Lake Reser- Hardwood Cypress Fresh Wet Temp
and grove flatwoods upland myrtle hammock and voir swamp forest water prairie pond
pasture and pond marsh
willow
Page 28
Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the immokalee Rise Area
Table 6. Bsrds of southwest Florida with residence type and an index of habitat utilization for selected habitats of southwest Florida
Residence (Res) s= summer, w= winter, p=
permanent and t= transitory. Habitat indices 1= rarely used, 2= commonly used, 3= heavily used with the loss of this habitat potentially reducing population, 4= essential with the loss
of this habitat resulting in the elimination of the population, b indicates breeding habitat indicates non-native species
*Rock Dove p 2 2 2b 3b 2b 2b 2b 2
Mourning Dove p 2 2b 2b 3b 2b 2b 2b 2 2
Whte-winged Dove p 2 2 2b 3b 2b 2b 2b 2
Common Ground Dove p 2 2b 2b 3b 2 b 2b 2b 1 2
*Eurasian Collared Dove p 1 1 1
Smooth-billed Ani p 2 1 3 3 3
Yellow-billed Cuckoo s 1 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b
Common Barn Owl p 2 1 lb 2b 2b lb
Short-eared Owl w 2 2 1 1 2
Great Horned Owl
Barred Owl
Eastern Screech-Owl
Burrowing Owl
Chuck-will's-widow
Whip-poor-will
Common Nighthawk
Chimney Swift
Ruby-throated
Hummingbird
Belted Kingfisher
Red-bellied Woodpecker
2b lb
2 2b
Northern Flicker
Red-headed Woodpecker p
2b 2b
Page 29
Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the Immokalee Rise Area
Table 6. Birds of southwest Florida with residence type and an index of habitat utilization for selected habitats of southwest Florida
Residence (Res) s= summer, w= winter, p=
permanent and t= transitory. Habitat indices 1 = rarely used, 2= commonly used, 3= heavily used with the loss of this habitat potentially reducing population, 4= essential with the loss
of this habitat resulting in the elimination of the population, b indicates breeding habitat, indicates non-native species.
Res Crop Citrus Range Pine Forested Wax Tropical Canal Lake Reser- Hardwood Cypress Fresh Wet Temp
and grove flatwoods upland myrtle hammock and voir swamp forest water prairie pond
pasture and pond marsh
willow
Yellow-bellied Sapsucker
Downy Woodpecker
Hairy Woodpecker
Red-cockaded
Woodpecker
Pleated Woodpecker
Western Kingbird
Eastern Kingbird
Gray Kingbird
Scissor-tailed Flycatcher
Great Crested Flycatcher
Eastern Wood-Pewee
Eastern Phoebe
Acadian Flycatcher
Tree Swallow
Purple Martin
Northern Rough-winged
Swallow
Barn Swallow
Florida Scrub Jay
Blue Jay
American Crow
p 2
2 2b
2b 2b
Tufted Titmouse p
Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the fmmokalee Rise Area Page 30
Table 6. Birds of southwest Florida with residence type and an index of habitat utilization for selected habitats of southwest Florida Residence (Res) s= summer, w= winter, p=
permanent and t= transitory Habitat indices I = rarely used, 2= commonly used, 3= heavily used with the loss of this habitat potentially reducing population, 4= essential with the loss
of this habitat resulting in the elimination of the population, b indicates breeding habitat
* indicates non-native species
Brown Creeper
Brown-headed Nuthatch
p 2
2b 2b
Marsh Wren
Sedge Wren
Ruby-crowned Kinglet
Blue-gray Onatcatcher
Eastern Bluebird
Wood Thrush
Veery
Swainson's Thrush
Gray-cheeked Thrush
Hermit Thrush
American Robin
Loggerhead Shrike
Gray Catbird
Northern Mockingbird
Brown Thrasher
Water Pipit
Cedar Waxwing
*European Starling
White-eyed Vireo p
Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the Immokalee Rise Area
Table Birds of southwest Florida with residence type and an index of habitat utilization for selected habitats of southwest Florida Residence (Res) s= summer w= winter, p=
permanent and t= transitory Habitat indices 1 = rarely used, 2= commonly used, 3= heavily used with the loss of this habitat potentially reducing population, 4= essential with the loss
of this habitat resulting in the elimination of the population, b indicates breeding habitat indicates non-native species
Res Crop Citrus Range Pine Forested Wax Tropical Canal Lake Reser- Hardwood Cypress Fresh Wet Temp
and grove flatwoods upland myrtle hammock and voir swamp forest water prairie pond
pasture and pond marsh
willow
Yellow-throated Vireo
Solitary Vireo
Red-eyed Vireo
Warbling Vireo
Philadelphia Vireo
Prothonotary Warbler
Blue-winged Warbler
Golden-winged Warbler
Tennessee Warbler
Orange-crowned Warbler
Nashville Warbler
Northern Parula
Black-and-white Warbler
Black-throated Blue
Warbler
Blackburnian Warbler
Chestnut-sided Warbler
Cape May Warbler
Magnolia Warbler
Yellow-rumped Warbler
Black-throated Green
warbler
Yellow-throated Warbler
Page 31
Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the Immokalee Rise Area
Table 6. Birds of southwest Florida with residence type and an index of habitat utilization for selected habitats of southwest Florida. Residence (Res) s= summer, w= winter, p=
Page 32
permanent and t= transitory. Habitat indices = rarely used, 2= commonly used, 3= heavily used with the loss of this habitat potentially reducing population, 4= essential with the loss
of this habitat resulting in the elimination of the population, b indicates breeding habitat, indicates non-native species
Res Crop Citrus Range Pine Forested Wax Tropical Canal Lake Reser- Hardwood Cypress Fresh Wet Temp
and grove flatwoods upland myrtle hammock and voir swamp forest water prairie pond
pasture and pond marsh
willow
Bay-breasted Warbler
Blackpoll Warbler
Pine Warbler
Palm Warbler
Yellow Warbler
Connecticut Warbler
Kentucky Warbler
Canada Warbler
Hooded Warbler
Worm-eating Warbler
Swainson's Warbler
Ovenbird
Louisiana Waterthrush
Northern Waterthrush
Common Yellowthroat
Yeleow-breasted Chat
American Redstart
Rose-breasted Grosbeak
Northern Cardinal
Blue Grosbeak
Indigo Bunting
Painted Bunting
Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the Immokalee Rise Area Page 33
Table 6. Birds of southwest Florida with residence type and an index of habitat utilization for selected habitats of southwest Flonrda Residence (Res) s= summer, w= winter, p=
permanent and t= transitory. Habitat indices 1= rarely used, 2= commonly used, 3= heavily used wih the loss of this habitat potentially reducing population, 4= essential with the loss
of this habitat resulting in the elimination of the population, b indicates breeding habitat
* indicates non-native species
Rufous-sided Towhee
Grasshopper Sparrow
Florida Grasshopper
Sparrow
Henslow's Sparrow
Vesper Sparrow
Savannah Sparrow
Song Sparrow
Lark Sparrow
Bachman's Sparrow
Field Sparrow
Chipping Sparrow
Dark-eyed Junco
White-throated Sparrow
White-crowned Sparrow
Lincoln's Sparrow
Swamp Sparrow
Dickcissel
Bobolink
Eastern Meadowlark
Red-winged Blackbird
Brewer's Blackbird
Brown-headed Cowbird
Res Crop Citrus Range Pine Forested Wax Tropical Canal Lake Reser- Hardwood Cypress Fresh Wet Temp
and grove flatwoods upland myrtle hammock and voir swamp forest water prairie pond
pasture and pond marsh
willow
Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the Immokalee Rise Area Page 34
Table 6 Birds of southwest Florida with residence type and an index of habitat utilization for selected habitats of southwest Florida Residence (Res) s= summer, w= winter, p=
permanent and t= transitory. Habitat indices 1 = rarely used, 2= commonly used, 3= heavily used with the loss of this habitat potentially reducing population, 4= essential with the loss
of this habitat resulting in the elimination of the population, b indicates breeding habitat indicates non-native species
Common Grackle p 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 2b 1 2b 2b 2b 2b 1b 1b
noa-taltid Gracklne 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3b 2 2
Orchard Oriole
Northern Oriole
Scarlet Tanager
Summer Tanager
*House Sparrow
American Goldfinch
Purple Finch
1~ ~
Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the Immokalee Rise Area Page 35
Table 7. Mammals of southwest Florida with an index of their habitat utilization for selected habitats of southwest Florida Habitat indices 1 rarely used, 2=
commonly used, 3y used, 3= heavily used with the loss of this habitat potentially reducing population, 4= essential with the loss of this habitat resulting in the elimination of the
population, b indicates breeding habitat
* indicates non-native species
Virginia opossum
Northern yellow bat
Evening bat
Rafmesque's big-eared bat
Brazilian free-tailed bat
*Common long-nosed armadillo
Eastern gray squirrel
Sherman's fox squirrel
Southern flying squirrel
Hispid cotton rat
*Norway rat
Gray fox
Crop Citrus Range Pine Forested Wax Tropical Canal Lake Reser- Hardwood Cypress Fresh Wet Temp
and grove flatwoods upland myrtle hammock and voir swamp forest water prairie pond
pasture and pond marsh
willow
Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the immokalee Rise Area Page 36
Table 7. Mammals of southwest Florida with an index of their habitat utilization for selected habitats of southwest Florida. Habitat indices 1 = rarely used, 2=
commonly used, 3= heavily used with the oss of this habitat potentially reducing population, 4= essential with the loss of this habitat resulting in the elimination of the
population, b indicates breeding
* indicates non-native species
Florida long-tailed weasel
Everglades mink
Eastern spotted skunk
Striped skunk
Florida panther
Crop Citrus Range Pine Forested Wax Tropical Canal Lake Reser- Hardwood Cypress Fresh Wet Temp
and grove flatwoods upland myrtle hammock and voir swamp forest water prairie pond
pasture and pond marsh
willow
Page 37
Vertebrate Species Habitat Relationships for the Immokalee Rise Area
Table 8. Number of native vertebrate species using each habitat and number of species for which that habitat is critical habitat
Total # # Abundant # Common # Uncommon # Rare Critical Habitat Critical Habitat
Habitat Species Species Species Species Species All Species for Rare Species
Crop and pasture
Citrus
Range
Pine flatwoods
Forested uplands
Wax myrtie/willow
Tropical hammock
Canal
Pond or lake
Agricultural reservoir
Hardwood swamp
Cypress swamp
Freshwater marsh
Wet prairie
Temporary pond 153
55 28
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