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'11111I jre~t~,Q ~~ %^ T1{E GATUN LOCKS, PANAMA CANAL : The picture shows the way the Panama Canal was dug. Drills run by machinery, dynamite, steam shovels, and cars loosened, dug, and car- ried away most of the dirt. In the view a steam shovel is dropping a dip- per full of dirt on a car. These shovels dipped from 5 to 10 tons of earth and rock at one lift. They loaded a train of 30 cars in from 7 to J5 minutes. One shovel loaded in one day 8,395 tons of earth. There were about Ioo of these shovels used on the Canal. In addition to the shovels, 560 drills were used. Nearly 400 engines were needed to pull the 6,000 cars. There were 30 dredges, 30 unloaders, 12 tugs, and 70 barges used. And to operate these tools 35,000 to 40,000 men were employed. To unload the cars you see n the view, one of the tools used was a spreader. It is a big iron L affair pulled by steel ropeq or cables. It was Lat. 9 N.; Long. 80 W. started at one end of the train, and it pushed all the dirt off the entire train as the ropes pulled it forward. Of course the ropes were hitched to engines. In this way the earth was spread on each side of the tracks in the dumping grounds. Much dirt and stone had to be taken out of the place pictured in the view. Here now stand the largest locks in the world-the Gatun Locks. Here vessels are lifted, in three flights, 85 feet. The total length, of the locks is almost two-thirds of a mile, and their walls are 81 feet high. Gail- lard Cut and the Gatun Locks were the two large problems in building the Canal. Who supervised the building of the Panama Canal? Who owns the Panama Canal Zone? IVhy wc'as the canal built? Name and locate an- other large canal. Copyright by The Keystone View Company. J 0 I f~;i:": I 1 |
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