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Thre ? 2 VEGETABLE SITUATION TVS- 133 fA M S J -' With smaller indicated production for summer harvest than last year, prices to potato growers during the next 4 to 6 weeks are expectedto aver- age well above those of last summer. Prospective production of sweetpota- toes is about the same as last year, but a tenth below average. Indicated production of dry Deans is slightly below last year, while that of dry peas is up sharply. Barring poor harvests in Europe, export de- mand in the season ahead and prices. received by U. S. growers, for these crops, are likely to be down substan- tially from a year earlier. Published quarterly by AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Production Estimates SUMMER POTATOES, SWEETPOTATOES, DRY BEANS, AND PEAS MIL. CWT. 0 10 20 30 40 50 SUMMER POTATOES SWEET- POTATOES DRY BEANS .. "1949-57 av. i-+1958 DRY PEAS --------- DRY PEAS 1959 est. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NEG. 7399-59 (7) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE 1 ~ i ii 1 11 H 1 1 11, 1 11111 iii 1 11ii 11 iii iiiii ii i. i. i n iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii11 iiiiii Xi ii July 1959 FOR RELEASE JULY 27, A.M. JULY 1959 Table 1.--Vegetables and melons for fresh market: Reported commercial of principal cruos, selected seasons, average 1949-57, 1958, and acreage and production indicated 1959 : Acreage Production :: 1959 : 1959 Seasonal group : Average : : :: Average: : SPer- Per- and crop : 1949-57 : 1958 Indi- : Per- : 1949-57: 1958 : Indi- :cen e : : : cated :of198 : cated :cent :of 1958; j: :of 1958 :1,000 1,000 1,000 : Acres Acres Acres Pet. cwt. cwt. cwt. Pet. Winter Spring 263,990 211,100 234,210 695,yi7 697,120 650,090 summer: Beans, lima Beans, snap Beets Cabbage 2/ Cantaloups 3/ Carrots . Cauliflower Celery Corn, sweet Cucumbers Eggplant Escarole Garlic Honey dews Lettuce Onions 3/ Peas, green Peppers, green 3/ Spinach Tomatoes 2/ Watermelons Total summer on which: Acreage and produc- tion have been reported Acreage has been reported All summer Fall: Cabbage Early 24 Late 2/ Total fall on which: Acreage has been reported Total on which 1959- Acreage and produc- tion have been reported Acreage has been reported 12,300 40,530 1,920 31,310 75,310 11,150 4,710 7,860 145,380 13,570 1,470 690 2,060 8,780 38,500 7,380 14,220 8,750 1,210 47,570 313,470 9,100 37,300 1,700 27,850 87,400 10,600 4,300 6, ?20 145,050 12,050 1,300 900 2,900 8,000 44,650 11,210 2,500 9,100 1,600 51,250 353,850 8,850 36,850 1,600 26,500 79,600 10,250 3,850 6,860 145,400 12,950 1,300 1,000 3,200 5,900 45,000 12,350 1,250 8,650 1,800 49,450 306.600o 111 93 97 99 94 95 91 97 90 99 100 107 100 111 ll 110 74 101 110 50 95 112 96 87 31,074 27,998 28,921 103 49,212 52,289 49,344 94 312 1,494 327 5,510 6,771 2,550 719 2,681 7,836 1,051 140 101 158 1,239 7,375 1,301 129 294 55 4,154 21.400 246 1,449 274 5,400 8,361 2,566 791 2,649 8,889 1,012 162 153 203 1,090 7,972 2,473 89 293 80 5,014 25.926 203 1,481 256 4,968 8,444 2,472 670 2,701 9,263 975 143 150 272 948 9,285 2,728 42 317 81 5,027 22,054 _ 778,10 829 530 769,_2O 93 6, 5,597 75, 09 72,480 97 902.350 92.6,170 890,930 94 --- : 02,350 946,170 --- ---- --- --- --- : 42,760 37,360 34,630 93 "--.. : 4,290 3,700 3,500 95 -- - : 47,050 41,060 38,130 93 --- --- :1.737 .840 1.73,75Q0 1j65Q 5.0 .1,909,100 1,895,450 1,813,360 95 145,883 155,379 150,745 97, J Group averages (including annual total) are simple averages of annual data. / Includes processing. 3/ No late summer production for cantaloups, onions, green peppers and tomatoes. Vegetables-Fresh Market, USDA, AMS, issued monthly. TVS-133 - 2 - i TVS-133 3 JULY 1959 THE VEGETABLE SITUATION Approved by the Outlook and Situation Board, July 21, 1959 CONTENTS : PaePage : Summary .................... 3 Potatoes ...................... 12 : Commercial Vegetables for Sweetpotatoes .................. 13 SFresh Market ............... 4 Dry Edible Beans .............. 15 : Vegetables for Commercial Dry Field Peas ................. 16 : Processing ................. 8 List of Tables ................. 34 : : Special Articles : The Market for Vegetables, Potatoes, and : Sweetpotatoes in Public Schools .................................... 17 : Trends in the Geographic Pattern of Production of Vegetables for : Commercial Processing .............................................. 22 SUMMARY Supplies of vegetables for fresh market sale, excluding melons, are likely to be slightly larger this summer than last, and materially above the 1949-57 average. This is based on early July production estimates for crops which make up about two-thirds of total summer tonnage. Among important fresh items, moderately to substantially larger supplies than last summer are in prospect for sweet corn, lettuce, and onions, and supplies of snap beans and celery are expected to be slightly larger. Smaller output is expected for lima beans, beets, cabbage, carrots, cauliflower, and cucumbers. About the same quantity of cantaloups, but substantially less watermelons are indicated. A continued high level of disposable income during the next few months is expected to sustain a good consumer demand for vegetables. If supplies are about in line with July indications, prices received by growers for fresh vegetables during August and September probably will average about the same as a year earlier. Prices at retail may be a little higher. Because of the prospect for a smaller pack than last year, overall supplies of canned vegetables in the 1959-60 marketing season are expected to be somewhat smaller than the heavy supplies of last season, though still above average. Supplies of frozen vegetables are likely to be moderately larger than last season and considerably above average. JULY 1959 Production of potatoes for summer harvest is expected to be moderately smaller than last year, but a little above the 1949-57 average. As harvesting of late summer potatoes picks up, prices will decline sharply from mid-July levels. During the next 4 to 6 weeks, however, both farm and retail prices are likely to remain well above the low levels of a year earlier. Acreage of sweetpotatoes for harvest is 3 percent larger than in 1958, but yields are expected to be slightly lower. Prospective production is 1 per- cent larger than last year, but a tenth below average. Should present produc- tion prospects materialize, prices received by growers probably will average near those of a year earlier, and prices to consumers may be slightly higher. Early reports point to about the same supply of dry edible beans in 1959-60 as in the previous season. Barring an unexpectedly strong export demand, such as occurred for 1958 crop beans, prices to growers in the 1959-60 season are likely to average materially below those of the previous season. Prospects point to much larger supplies of dry field peas than the relatively light supplies of the 1958-59 season. If production is near the indicated 4 million hundredweight, supplies will be considerably larger than needed for domestic use and normal export sales. Unless the reported general drought in Northern Europe, or subsequent adverse weather seriously reduces the European pea crop, prices received by U. S. growers in 1959-60 are expected to average substantially below those of the previous season. COMMERCIAL VEGETABLES FOR FRESH MARKET Review of First Half of 1959 Production of vegetables for fresh market sale, excluding melons, in the first 6 months of the year was about in line with that of a year earlier, and slightly below the 1949-57 average. But this year, especially in winter and early spring, there was somewhat better balance in types of vegetables available than in the first few months of 1958, when most tender crops from Florida were in extremely short supply. Prices received by growers through early spring averaged substantially below the high levels of a year earlier. Prices in late spring were near those of a year ago. Production of late spring watermelons was down sharply from the high level of 1958, but near the 1949-57 average. Output of spring cantaloups was substantially above last spring, but about a tenth below average. Slightly Larger Supplies Than in 1958, About Same Prices As Year Ago In Prospect This Summer Early July production estimates for vegetables which make up about two-thirds of the summer total, excluding melons, point to slightly larger supplies of fresh market vegetables this summer than last, and materially TVS-133 more than the 1949-57 average. Moderately to substantially larger tonnages than either last year or average are in prospect for early summer green peppers and onions, and for summer sweet corn and lettuce. Supplies of snap beans and celery are expected to be slightly larger than last summer but snap beans are fractionally below average. These increases compared with a year earlier are partly offset by expected moderate to substantial declines in production of cabbage, carrots, cucumbers, lima beans, beets, cauliflower, and eggplant. Quantity of tomatoes for early summer harvest promises to be about in line with a year ago, but a fifth above average. Indicated production of summer watermelons is a seventh smaller than last summer, but slightly above the 1949-57 average. Production of early summer cantaloups is somewhat smaller than last year, but this is offset by a slight increase in the important midsummer crop. Acreage for late summer harvest is slightly larger than last year but a little below average. The prospect of a continued high level of economic activity and dis- posable income in the last half of 1959 is expected to sustain a good consumer demand for both fresh and processed vegetables. If summer supplies of fresh vegetables are about in line with early July indications, prices received by growers in August and September are likely to average about the same as those of a year earlier. Prices at retail may average slightly higher. Prospects for Major Summer Crops Cabbage Early July reports indicate that supplies of summer cabbage will be materially smaller than either last summer or the 1949-57 average. The indicated early summer production is 6 percent below last year and 4 percent below average. Production for late summer harvest, which typically makes up about three-fourths of total summer tonnage, promises to be 9 percent smaller than 1958 and 12 percent less than average. The reduction in the late summer crop from last year is because of a moderate cut in acreage and slightly lower yields. These production estimates include the total summer crop, some of which is used for the manufacture of sauerkraut. Stocks of sauerkraut are somewhat larger than a year ago. With prices to growers expected to be materially above the relatively low levels of last summer, kraut packers may buy less open market cabbage than last summer. Indications are that acreage of cabbage for early fall harvest is down 7 percent from last year, and for late fall down 5 percent. The early fall crop makes up about 95 percent of the total fall tonnage, and furnishes most of the storage supplies for the following winter. A substantial part of the early fall production is also used for making kraut. Though it is now too early to make a specific forecast of fall production, near average yields on the indicated acreage would result in a total fall tonnage materially below JULY 1959 TVS-133 - 5 - both last year and the 1949-57 average. Such an output probably would result in prices substantially above the relatively low levels of last fall. Lettuce Indications are that supplies of lettuce this summer will be materially larger than last summer and much above average. Despite generally low prices received for the 1958 crop of summer lettuce, growers this year planted slightly more acreage than last year. California, which typically produces about four-fifths of the summer tonnage, reports the same acreage as last year, but in the Midwest acreage is a little larger. Weather has been generally favorable for development of the summer crop, and prospective yield is 15 percent above that of 1958. Indicated production of lettuce for summer harvest, of 9.3 million hundredweight, is materially larger than last year and a fourth above the 1949-57 average. Most of the increased tonnage over 1958 is in California where yield per acre is up a fifth. California growers and shippers of summer lettuce and those in the San Luis Valley of Colorado are operating under State marketing agreement and order programs, which will restrict shipments from the large potential volume available. However, large supplies in producing areas, and steady, ample arrivals in the market, are likely to result in below average prices to growers. Tomatoes During the next 6 to 8 weeks supplies of tomatoes for the fresh market will continue at or near their seasonal peak. Marketings are expected to be about the same as in comparable weeks in 1958, but materially above the 1949-57 average. Prices are likely to average near those of a year earlier. Production of tomatoes for early summer harvest is estimated at 5.0 mil- lion hundredweight, the same as last year. Significant increases in California, Ohio and New Jersey were about offset by declines in the Southeast and South Central States. Acreage for late summer harvest is down moderately from last year as a result of reductions in the Eastern and Western States. Indicated acreage in the Midwest is about the same as last year, with a sizeable increase in Ohio about offset by decreases in other States. First production estimates for the late summer crop will be available August 11. Dry Onions Supplies of dry onions during late winter and early spring were materially smaller than a year ago. Planting of much of the early spring crop was late and maturity was further delayed and the size of the crop reduced by cool, wet weather during the growing season. Marketing of new crop onions through mid-April were very light and prices were much above both those of a year earlier and the 1949-57 average. After mid-April, increased movement from the delayed early spring harvest and the prospect of a large late spring - 6 - TVS-133 JULY 1959 JULY 1959 crop resulted in declining prices. During May, prices were still well above those of a year earlier, but near average. With large supplies of late spring onions, and in recent weeks increasing pressure from a large early summer crop, prices continued to decline. For the week ending July 11, New York wholesale price of New Jersey yellow onions, medium sizes averaged $3.26 per hundredweight compared with $3.76 a year earlier. Early July reports indicate that acreage of onions in the late summer States is about a tenth larger than last year. Among the more important producing States, acreage increases of 10 percent are reported in New York and Colorado, 17 percent in Minnesota, 23 percent in Michigan, 6 percent in Idaho, 4 percent in Oregon, and 15 percent in California. Smaller acreages are reported in Indiana, Illinois, Nevada, and Washington. First production estimates for late summer onions are available August 11. Cantaloups Production of cantaloups for spring harvest was 12 percent larger than last year, and prices received by growers averaged substantially below those of last spring. Indications are that supplies for the summer as a whole will be about in line with those of last year, but substantially above the 1949-57 average. Production for early summer harvest is estimated at 1.2 million hundredweight, 8 percent below last year. But prospective production of midsummer cantaloups, which make up about three-fourths of the total summer tonnage, is estimated at 7.3 million hundredweight, slightly larger than last year. Virtually all of the increase is in California which produces about three-fourths of the midsummer tonnage. California is operating under a State marketing agreement and order program for cantaloups, under which the industry can regulate quality and volume shipped. If production prospects materialize for the midsummer crop, prices received by growers for cantaloups during the next 4 to 6 weeks are likely to average near those of a year earlier. Acreage for late summer harvest is up slightly from last year. Watermelons Growers produced a surplus of watermelons in 1958, and prices both at the farm and in retail stores were at low levels throughout the marketing season. Producers in Florida cut acreage sharply this spring, yields were lower, and production was down about a fourth from 1958 and only slightly above the 1949-57 average. Except for the first few shipments, prices to growers this season averaged much above the low levels of a year earlier, and retail prices averaged materially higher. Prospects point to continued smaller supplies of watermelons this summer than last, and substantially higher prices to both growers and consumers. Early reports indicate production of early summer melons was 16 percent smaller than last year TVS-133 - 7 - but about the same as the 1949-57 average. The decrease from last year is due largely to the cut in acreage. Also, there is much less overlap of supplies from the late spring crop, maturity of which was seriously delayed last year. Prospective production of the relatively small late summer crop is expected to be 7 percent smaller than last year, but considerably above average. VEGETABLES FOR COMMERCIAL PROCESSING Carryover of Processed Vegetables Larger Tan a Year Ago Stocks of both canned and frozen vegetables at the beginning of the 1959 pack year were somewhat larger than a year earlier, and substantially above average. Latest available data indicate that combined stocks of the five major canned items were materially larger than either a year ago or the 1949-57 average. Among these items, combined canners' and distributors' stocks of sweet corn were much smaller than the heavy carryover of a year earlier. But holdings of tomatoes were much heavier than the light holdings of a year earlier, holdings of green peas materially larger, and snap beans and tomato juice at least moderately larger. Aggregate canners' stocks of minor vegetables were also larger than last year. Stocks of frozen vegetables at the beginning of the 1959 season were moderately larger than a year earlier and the second highest of record. Total holdings of frozen items on July 1 amounted to 588 million pounds, compared with 550 million on July 1, 1958. Stocks of frozen lima beans, Brussels sprouts, sweet corn, mixed vegetables and green peas were substantially smaller than a year ago. But holdings of snap beans, broccoli, cauliflower, mixed peas and carrots, spinach and french fried potatoes were materially larger and asparagus moderately larger than a year earlier. 1959 Canned Pack Expected to be Smaller Than Last Year Acreage and crop condition reports on July 1 point to an overall pack of canned vegetables materially smaller than last year, but a little larger than the 1949-57 average. Production of winter and early spring spinach for processing was substantially larger than a year ago, and indicated production of snap beans is moderately larger. Acreage and condition reports also point to a substantially larger pack of sweet corn. But these increases in canned items are likely to be more than offset by smaller packs of other items. Production of green peas for processing was down 7 percent, and indications point to materially smaller tonnages of tomatoes and cucumbers for pickles. The total frozen pack probably will be a little larger this year than last. - 8 - TVS-133 JULY 1959 JULY 1959 Supplies Continue Large Though Smaller Than Last Season If present production prospects are realized, supplies of canned vegetables in the 1959-60 marketing season probably will be somewhat below those of a year ago. However, supplies will remain somewhat above the 1949-57 average with most individual items in ample to heavy supply. Supplies of frozen vegetables are likely to be moderately above last season and substan- tially above average. Although some items will be in quite heavy supply, fewer canned items are likely to be in really burdensome supply this year than last. Because of less marketing pressure in some canned items, and higher processing and handling costs wholesale and retail prices probably will average a little higher this season than last. Prospects for Principal Crops Snap Beans Prospects point to record supplies of processed snap beans available for distribution in the 1959-60 marketing season. Carryover of canned snap beans on July 1 was somewhat larger than a year earlier, and stocks of frozen beans were substantially larger. Early July estimates point to a 7 percent larger overall production of snap beans for processing than in 1958, and materially more than the 1949-57 average. Larger production this year than in 1958 is the result of a 2 percent increase in acreage for canning and a 14 percent increase for freezing. Acreage is up in all sections of the country. Prospective production is larger than last year in all areas except the Southeast. Among the more important States, estimated production is up substantially in New York, Wisconsin, Texas, and California, and up moderately in Washington and Oregon. Prospective production is down in Pennsylvania, Maryland, Florida, Michigan, and Tennessee. Production at the indicated level, together with carryover stocks at the beginning of the season, would result in supplies of canned snap beans moderately larger than those of last season and much above the 1949-57 average. Supplies of frozen beans would be substantially larger than both a year earlier and average. Green Peas Early reports point to a supply of green peas in the 1959-60 marketing season substantially smaller than the heavy supplies of last season, but moderately larger than the 1949-57 average. June 1 holdings of frozen peas, at 83 million pounds, were 34 million pounds less than a year earlier. Canner and distributor stocks of canned peas on June 1 amounted to 12.0 million cases, 24 No. 2 equivalents, 1.1 million cases more than a year ago. But the increase in stocks will be more than offset by a smaller canned pack. Acreage of green peas for processing was cut 9 percent from 1958. Yields are slightly higher than last year and estimated production is down 7 percent. Production in the important North Central area is down almost TVS-133 - 9 - JULY 1959 a fourth from last year-- except for Indiana, reductions are substantial in all States in the area, and also in New York and Pennsylvania. Estimated produc- tion is near that of last year in the Delaware-Maryland-Virginia area, and is almost a fifth larger in the West. Separate production estimates are not available for canning and freez- ing. Reports from canners and freezers in mid-May, however, indicated 14 per- cent more acreage for freezing than last year. Also, in the West where a large part of the frozen pack is produced indicated yield is substantially above that of 1958. Reported acreage for canning is down 17 percent and pro- duction is expected to be materially smaller than last year. These early re- ports point to a supply of canned peas about a tenth smaller than the burden- some supply of last season, but slightly to moderately above the 1949-57 aver- age. Supplies of frozen peas are expected to be about the same as those of last season, and moderately above the latest 5-year average. Sweet Corn Supplies of processed sweet corn in the current season promise to be moderately to substantially larger than either last season or the 1949-57 average. Indications are that carryover stocks of both canned and frozen corn were materially smaller at the beginning of the current season than a year earlier. However, acreage of corn for processing is up in most of the important producing States, and production is likely to be substantially larger than in 1958. Sharpest increases in acreage--17 and 12 percent--were reported in the South Atlantic and Central areas. But acreage was up 10 percent in the Western and 7 percent in the North Atlantic States. Total acreage for canning, which accounts for about 85 percent of all acreage for processing, is up 12 percent, and acreage for freezing up 11 percent. Production estimates for sweet corn are not available until August 11. Condition of the crop on July 1 was estimated at 96 percent, slightly better than last July and moderately above average. Assuming average weather during the rest of the growing season, production together with carryover stocks would result in at least moderately more canned and frozen corn this season than either last season or average. Tomatoes Because of the large 1958 pack, carryover stocks of tomatoes, tomato juice and most tomato products at the beginning of the current season were materially above both a year earlier and the 1949-57 average. Latest available data indicate that holdings of canned tomatoes on July 1 were about 50 percent larger than the light holdings of a year earlier. Stocks of tomato juice and other tomato products also were relatively heavy. However, the larger stocks at the beginning of the season are likely to be more than offset by smaller production of tomatoes for processing. Acreage for processing is down considerably in all parts of the country. TVS-133 - 10 - Condition of the crop on July 1 was 95 percent, compared with 90 percent a year earlier and a 10-year average of 88 percent. Yields by States near the 1954-58 average would result in materially less production than last year. Such production together with carryover stocks would result in materially smaller overall supplies of tomatoes and tomato products than last season, but substantially more than the 1949-57 average. Cabbage for Sauerkraut Supplies of sauerkraut in the 1959-60 season may be about the same as the near average supplies of last season. Contract acreage and acreage con- trolled by packers is up about 5 percent from last year, but yields may be a little below the high levels of last season. Average condition of the crop on July 1 was not quite as good as a year earlier. Packers buy large quantities of cabbage on the open market in addition to production they control, but it is too early now to estimate the quantity of such purchases. They may find open market cabbage less plentiful and more expensive this year than last. If the indicated smaller acreages of cabbage for late summer and early fall harvest materialize, open market purchases by packers may not be as large as a year earlier. Green Lima Beans Supplies of canned green lima beans may be slightly to moderately larger this season than last. As consumption of this item has fallen off in recent years, supplies this season are expected to be considerably below the 1949-57 average. Carryover stocks of canned limas were materially smaller than a year ago. But the decline in beginning stocks is expected to be more than offset by an increase in the pack. Acreage for canning is up 6 percent, and yield per acre may be higher than the below-average yield of 1958. Supplies of frozen lima beans are expected to be at least moderately smaller than last season. Cold storage holdings on July 1 were 54 million pounds compared with 58 million in 1958. Also, acreage for freezing is down 6 percent from last year and yields may average below the high levels of 1958. Spinach Supplies of canned spinach are expected to be moderately larger, and frozen spinach substantially larger this year than last. Supplies of both are above the 1949-57 average. Stocks of both canned and frozen spinach on March 1 were materially smaller than on March 1, 1958. However, production of spinach for winter and spring processing, which typically accounts for about 80 percent of the annual total, amounted to 134 thousand tons compared with 93 thousand last year. - 11 - JULY 1959 TVS-133 July 1959 Cucumbers for Pickles Preliminary estimates indicate acreage of cucumbers for pickles was cut 12 percent from 1958. Among the more important producing States, California growers report a 7 percent larger planted acreage than last year. But in all other States for which separate figures are available, acreage is down. Condition of the crop on July 1 was 82 percent, about the same as that of last year but slightly below average. Should yields by States be near the 1956-58 average, production on the indicated acreage would be substantially below that of 1958, but near the 1949-57 average. Beets for Canning Early reports indicate less canned beets are in prospect this season than last. Stocks probably are a little smaller than a year ago, and the pack is likely to be down from 1958. Acreage of beets for pro- cessing is a tenth smaller than last year. With yields near the 1956-58 average and with normal abandonment, the indicated acreage would produce moderately to substantially less tonnage than both last year and the 1949-57 average. POTATOES Spring Production Smaller than Year Earlier, Prices Higher Production of early and late spring potatoes, combined, amounted to about 26 million hundredweight. This was a tenth less than 1958 production and 7 percent below the 1949-57 average. Also, shipments of old crop potatoes during the spring were somewhat smaller than a year ago. With supplies smaller than last spring, prices moved up sharply from mid- April to early June. Prices received by growers in June averaged $3.76 per hundredweight compared with the low level of $1.65 in June 1958. Prices have declined somewhat in recent weeks as movement from the summer crop has picked up, but the market is still well above year earlier levels. Summer Prospects Production of early and late summer potatoes, combined, is estimated at 46.8 million hundredweight, compared with 49.0 million hundredweight last summer, and the 1949-57 average of 45.3 million. Early summer acreage is down moderately from last year, and expected yield is slightly lower. Prospective production of 13.6 million hundredweight is 7 percent smaller than last year but 11 percent above average. Acreage for late summer harvest is down 2 percent from last year, and prospective yields are a little below last year's record. Indicated production, at 33.2 TVS-133 -12- million hundredweight, is 3 percent less than last year but about in line with the 1949-57 average. Harvest of the late summer crop is expected to be on schedule except in the Pacific Northwest where cool spells in April and May slowed development. Marketings of potatoes during the early part of July were materially smaller than a year ago. Distribution pipelines were not as well stocked as in the early summer of 1958, demand was good, and prices averaged much above those of a year earlier. F.O.B. shipping point prices of U. S. No. 1 California long whites in the week ended July 11 averaged $3.00 per hundredweight compared with $2.18 a year ago. During the next few weeks, available supplies of potatoes will increase as harvesting of the late summer crop picks up. Prices at both farm and retail levels are expected to decline substantially from those of mid-July, but during the next 4 to 6 weeks they are likely to remain well above the low levels of a year earlier. Fall Acreage Only Slightly Smaller Than Last Year Indicated acreage of potatoes for fall harvest is 2 percent smaller than in 1958. By far the most important of the seasonal potato crops, the fall crop makes up about two-thirds of total annual production. In addition to supplying fall markets, a large portion of the crop is stored for marketing in winter and spring. The slightly smaller overall acreage than that of last year is largely the result of a 6 percent cut in the Eastern States. Acreage for harvest is down only slightly in the Western States and is up fractionally in the Central States. In the East, acreage is down slightly in Maine, principal producing State in the area, down moderately in Pennsylvania and substantially smaller in both Long Island and Upstate New York. Growers in the 9 Central States reported a small increase in acreage. A 9 percent increase in Minnesota more than offset a 5 percent decline in North Dakota. Indicated acreage in the 9 Western States is about 1 percent less than in 1958. Growers in Idaho, which usually produces more than half of the Western crop, reported 3 percent more acreage. This increase largely offset declines in Colorado, Utah, Oregon and Wyoming. Yield per acre and final production of fall potatoes will be greatly influenced by weather conditions in important producing areas. The first tentative estimate of production will be available August 11. SWEETPOTATOES Review of the 1958-59 Season Acreage of sweetpotatoes harvested in 1958 was about 5 percent smaller than the previous year, and a fourth below the 1949-56 average. -13- July 1959 TVS-133 The 1958 season was generally favorable for growing sweetpotatoes and average yield was record high. Production, at 17.4 million hundredweight, was 12 percent below the 8-year average, but about the same as in the previous season. Keeping quality of the 1958 Louisiana crop probably was better than that of the previous crop. Throughout the 1958-59 season, total weekly unloads in the 38 cities from which reports are received were generally somewhat larger than those of a year earlier. Prices received by growers in the fall averaged moderately below, and in winter and spring substan- tially below those of a year earlier. About Same Size Crop Indicated or 1959 Acreage and condition of the sweetpotato crop on July 1 point to about the same production this year as last. Acreage for harvest is 3 percent larger than in 1958, but yields are expected to average slightly lower than the record yield of 1958. Prospective production, at 17.6 million hundredweight, is 1 percent more than last year, and a tenth below the 1949-57 average. Growers in Louisiana, leading State in production, report 5 percent more acreage for harvest than last year, but about the same prospective production. Heavy rains in the State in early June probably will result in more late acreage than usual. Among other producing States, prospective production is more than a fourth larger than a year ago in Texas and a tenth larger in Virginia and Mississippi. But production is expected to be moderately to substantially smaller than last year in most of the remaining South Atlantic and South Central States. Indicated production in New Jersey and California is the same as last season. Price Prospects for the 1959-o60 eason The marketing season for 1959 crop sweetpotatoes is just getting underway. Shipments are still relatively light and, as usual, prices for these small early receipts are relatively high. For the week ended July 14, New Puerto Rican type sweetpotatoes were bringing $5.50 per hundredweight wholesale, New York City, about the same as a year earlier. However, prices are already substantially below the mid-July level, and will continue to decline into the fall as marketing increase seasonally. Prices are likely to show some seasonal advance from fall into winter and spring. If current production prospects materialize, retail prices may be slightly higher than last season. Prices received by growers for the 1959 crop probably will average about the same as those of a year earlier. But demand for sweetpotatoes has declined in recent years and, despite another small crop, prices to growers probably will be below the 1949-56 average. -14- TVS-133 July 1959 July 1959 DRY EDIBLE BEANS Review of 1958-59 Season Supply of dry beans in the 1958-59 season amounted to 19.7 million hundredweight, 15 percent more than in the previous season. However, both domestic and export sales have been larger than a year earlier, and prices have held up well. Though prices to farmers have been moderately to substantially below those of the previous season, they have averaged significantly above the national support rate of $6.18 per hundredweight. About 3.5 million bags of 1958 crop beans were placed under Government loan and purchase agreement, but most of these were paid off before maturity. Only about 600,000 bags of beans, mostly small reds, large limas, and pinks were delivered to the Commodity Credit Corporation, and there has been a good rate of outmovement from Government stocks. In early July CCC uncommitted stocks were only 268,000 bags. Supply in 1959-60 to be NearThat of-a e-ar--Earlier Early July reports indicate a 1959 dry bean crop of 18.4 million hundredweight. This is 3 percent less than last year but a tenth above the 1949-57 average. The 1959 decrease from 1958 is the result of a moderately smaller acreage. Prospective yield is up slightly. The smaller production will be about offset by more normal carryover stocks at the end of the current season than last season when carryover was unusually light. Thus, prospects point to total supplies for the 1959-60 season about in line with those of the current season. Prospective Production by Areas Though production estimates by class of beans, are not yet avail- able, the prospective crop by areas gives some indication of production by classes. Estimated production of all beans in California is 3.9 million 100-pound bags, 4 percent less than last year. Total output of lima beans is expected to be slightly smaller than in 1958, with a 7 percent decline in the more important large limas more than offsetting an 11 percent increase in baby limas. Production of "other beans" in California, principally blackeye, pink and small white, is moderately smaller than last year. Growers in the Southwest expect to harvest about 8 percent less acreage this year than last, and yields are expected to be moderately lower. Prospective production of 1.7 million bags is 14 percent below that of 1958. Practically all of the acreage in the Southwest is in pintos -- the area typically produces about half the total crop. Most of the remaining pintos and virtually all of the great northern are pro- duced in the Northwest. Total production in the Northwest is estimated at 6.2 million bags, slightly less than last year. Among important pinto TVS-133 -15- July 1959 producing States, prospective output is down substantially in Washington, about the same as last year in Idaho and Wyoming and up substantially in Nebraska. There is some indication that growers in Idaho, Wyoming and Nebraska planted a larger acreage of great northern and a smaller acreage of pintos. It thus appears likely that 1959 production of pintos will be substantially smaller than the 1958 crop of 4.8 million bags. In Washing- ton, which accounts for about two-thirds of the total output of small reds, indicated production of 1.1 million bags is about a fifth smaller than last year, though much above average. There is some indication that small reds may be down more from 1958 than indicated in the overall State figures. Production in the Northeast is estimated at 6.6 million bags, about the same as in 1958 but materially above average. A substantial cutback of production in New York State, largely because of a smaller acreage, may result in a somewhat smaller total crop of red kidney beans. New York typically produces about four-fifths of the total supply of this type. Production in Michigan, mostly pea beans, is expected to be slightly above the large crop of last year. Price Prospects for 1959 Crop Beans Early indications are that total supply of dry beans in the 1959-60 marketing season will be about the same as that of the previous season. Domestic consumption in the season ahead may be a little larger than that in 1958-59, but barring another poor crop in Europe like the one in 1958, export demand for 1959 U. S. production is likely to be down substantially. Supply of lima beans is expected to be about in balance with demand. It appears that substantial surpluses of pea beans and great northern are in prospect. Any other surpluses probably will be moderate. The national average support price for 1959 crop beans has been set at $5.35 per hundred pounds compared with a support rate of $6.18 for the 1958 crop. Actual prices of beans will vary in response to the supply-demand situation for each class; however, barring another season of strong export demand, prices received by growers in 1959-60 are expected to average substantially below those of the 1958-59 season. DRY FIELD PEAS Review of 1958-59 Season Supplies of dry field peas in the 1958-59 season were about a fifth smaller than last season and 15 percent less than the 1949-56 average. Domestic demand for dry peas has been good all season. Export demand was particularly strong owing to a short crop in Europe. Despite much smaller overall supplies, U. S. exports were larger than a year earlier and far above the 1949-56 average. Strong demand for the small supplies resulted in relatively high prices for the 1958 crop. Monthly prices received by growers in the period September through June averaged about $5.65 per hun- dredweight compared with the low level of $3.00 a year earlier. -16- TVS-133 JULY 1959 Larger Crop and Supplies In Prospect for 1959 Relatively high prices for the 1958 crop, and the prospect of light carryover stocks at the end of the current marketing season encouraged farmers to plant a much larger acreage to dry peas this year than last. Early July reports indicate 289,000 acres for harvest, 42 percent more than last year. In Idaho and Washington, which together produce 85 to 90 per- cent of the total crop, acreages for harvest are up 55 and 39 percent. First production estimates indicate a 1959 crop of 4.0 million hundred- weight. This is an increase of 63 percent over the small crop of last year, and a fourth above the 1949-57 average. Carryover stocks at the beginning of the season are much lighter than a year ago. Nevertheless, if production prospects materialize, total supplies in the 1959-60 season will be almost a fourth larger than in the 1958-59 season, and slightly above the 1949-57 aver- age. Prices for 1959 Dry Peas Likely to Average Lower Than for 1958 Crop Total domestic use of dry peas is expected co be somewhat larger in the 1959-60 marketing season than in the previous season. Also, since about mid- spring there has been a general drought in the Netherlands and other pea pro- ducing areas of Northern Europe. As yet we have no estimate of possible dam- age to peas. However, barring another very poor crop year in Europe, exports of peas are expected to be smaller than the heavy exports of the 1958-59 sea- son. As prospective supplies are larger than needed to furnish anticipated markets,prices received by farmers for 1959 crop peas are likely to average substantially below those of the previous season. THE MARKET FOR VEGETABLES, POTATOES, AND SWEETPOTATOES IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS By William S. Hoofnagle and Kenneth E. Anderson, Marketing Research Division, AMS Approximately 60,000 of the 106,000 public elementary and secondary schools in the United States provide a noonday food service. They range all the way from a complete plate lunch to a la carte service. About 54,000 of the 60,000 public schools with a food service participated in the National School Lunch Program. Daily estimated attendance in schools providing a food service averaged somewhat over 21,000,000 children during the survey period, about 91 percent in schools under the National School Lunch Program. - 17 - TVS-133 - 18 - According to a national probability sample of the 60,000 schools, the total monetary value of all food delivered to the schools, including both purchases and donations, during the survey period amounted to $597 million, or about $28 per child. Vegetables accounted for nearly a tenth of the total. About $505 million worth of all foods, or 85 percent of the total was acquired from local sources. The remainder, or 15 percent of the total dollar value, comprised commodities donated directly by the Government from purchases made especially for the school lunch program or from food acquired under price stabilization or surplus removal programs. The school market is primarily local and, for most commodities, the role of Government in supplying the school outlet is relatively small. Through the National School Lunch Program, however, children learn of new foods, or familiar foods in new form, and this may enhance the size of the market for certain commodities. The National School Lunch Program is jointly administered by the U. S. Department of Agriculture and State educational agencies. It provides assist- ance to schools that operate a nonprofit food service for children. Schools in the program receive assistance in cash and commodity donations to help them serve well-balanced, low-cost noonday lunches. The primary aim is to serve the school children a nutritious, appetizing meal each school day and to encourage the consumption of nutritious agricultural commodities and other foods. The improved eating habits for many of the Nation's children will probably carry over into adult years and result in increased consumption of some farm products. Each year the Department receives an appropriation of funds to carry out its part of the program. Most of the appropriation is allocated among the States for the purchase of food at the local level by participating schools. About $15 million is spent annually by the Department in purchasing certain foods that are donated directly to participating schools. Commodities acquired from time to time under price support or surplus removal programs are distrib- uted to schools that operate a nonprofit food service, and to other eligible recipients. Vegetables Included in the $597 million worth of all foods delivered to the 60,000 public elementary and secondary schools during the period July 1957- June 1958, were nearly $55 million worth of vegetable juices and fresh, frozen, canned, and dried vegetables except potatoes and sweetpotatoes. Thus, vegetable juices and vegetables (except potatoes and sweetpotatoes). accounted for 9.2 cents of the school food dollar, of which canned vegetables made up 6.1 cents. Based on average daily attendance of somewhat over 21,000,000 pupils in schools which had some form of food service, total value of deliveries averaged $2.55 per child. Vegetables and vegetable juices were purchased primarily through commercial channels in nearby markets. However, direct donations of vegetables JULY 1959 TVS-133 JULY 1959 and vegetable juices by the U. S. Department of Agriculture from funds appro- priated under the National School Lunch Program accounted for about 9 percent of.the total value of these items used by schools. Canned items accounted for 66 percent of the $55 million total. Deli- veries of vegetable juices were relatively light--about $400,000, practically all tomato juice. Fresh vegetables made up 26 percent of the value of total deliveries, followed by dried and frozen vegetables. During the year, $13.7 million worth of potatoes and sweetpotatoes--an average of 64 cents per child attending a school having a lunch service--were purchased by public schools below the college level. Potatoes and sweetpotatoes in all forms accounted for 2.3 cents of the school food dollar of which fresh white potatoes made up 1.4 cents. All potatoes and sweetpotatoes were ac- quired through commercial channels in nearby markets. Elementary schools received a larger per capital value of canned, fresh, dried, and frozen vegetables and vegetables juices than high schools. The per capital value of potato chips and sticks was larger in high schools than in elementary schools. All other forms of potatoes and sweetpotatoes were used to a greater extent in the elementary schools. With the exception of frozen items, the per capital value of vegetable, potato, and sweetpotato pro- ducts delivered to schools in rural areas was higher than in schools in urban areas with populations of 2,500 or over. Frozen vegetables were used in greater quantities in urban than in rural areas. The popularity of the four leading vegetable items in the school market was reflected in the quantity, both purchased and donated, that moved into the outlet--green beans, 65 million pounds; green peas, 52 million pounds; tomatoes, 57 million pounds; and corn slightly over 38 million pounds. Practically all of the green beans, peas, tomatoes, and corn deliveries to schools were canned. Between 4 and 8 percent of the 1957-58 total canned pack of these four vege- tables moved into the schools. Green beans, green peas, tomatoes, and corn in all forms delivered to public elementary and secondary schools during the period July 1957- June 1958 amounted to $28.7 million, slightly over half of the nearly $55 million value of all deliveries of vegetables. Green bean deliveries totaled $9.5 million, tomatoes $7.0 million, green peas $6.6 million, and corn $5.6 million. These four vegetable items were acquired primarily from local merchants; Government donations accounted for only 14 percent of total value. The donated tomatoes, peas, and beans went only to schools that participated in the National School Lunch Program, as funds used in acquiring these items had been especially appropriated for this purpose. Other canned vegetables of economic importance, though less in volume, included baked beans, beets, spinach, and carrots. Canned vegetables not in- dividually identified in the survey accounted for almost 31 million pounds. - 19 - TVS-133 JULY 1959 Significant quantities of fresh vegetables bought by schools included 21.8 million pounds of lettuce valued at $3.4 million; 51.6 million pounds of cabbage, valued at $2.8 million; 17.6 million pounds of carrots, valued at $1.7 million; and 10.4 million pounds of tomatoes valued at $1.5 million. Other fresh vegetables not individually identified in the survey accounted for 30 million pounds and were valued at $3.6 million. Compared with canned and fresh items, dried vegetable deliveries were of minor importance. Slightly over 28 million pounds of dried vegetables valued at $2.6 million were delivered to school outlets. Donations of dried beans by the Government accounted for more than two-fifths of the total value of all dried vegetable deliveries. Relatively small quantities of frozen vegetables, including peas, corn, and lima beans, moved into the school market during the year--6.6 million pounds, valued at $1.3 million. All frozen vegetables were purchased locally. Vegetable Juices Compared with vegetables, the value of juices delivered was relatively minor--about $400,000. Tomato juice accounted for practically all vegetable juice deliveries. All were purchased through commercial channels in nearby markets. A small quantity of powdered fruit and vegetable juices, about 400,000 pounds, was purchased by the schools, but the proportion attributable to vegetable items alone was not learned. Potatoes and Sweetpotatoes The 60,000 schools purchased $13.7 million worth of potatoes and sweet- potatoes during the survey period. Fresh, frozen, and canned white potato purchases amounted to $9 million, 93 percent in fresh form. Potato chips and sticks, next in importance, were valued at $3.2 million. Sweetpotato acquisi- tions, primarily canned product, totaled $1.3 million. Dehydrated potatoes accounted for the remainder. Approximately 205 million pounds of potatoes and sweetpotatoes in all forms, 9.6 pounds per child, moved into the schools. More than 6 million pounds of potato chips and sticks and some 12 million pounds of sweetpotatoes entered the school market in the survey period. Canned and frozen sweet- potatoes made up three-fifths, fresh form the remainder. Purchases of a relatively small quantity of dehydrated potatoes amounted to only about 700,000 pounds. All potatoes and sweetpotatoes used were acquired from local merchants. TVS-133 - 20 - JULY 1959 The Market Potential Further expansion of the school food market is likely to occur as school enrollments continue to rise and as new schools are constructed with modern cooking and cafeteria facilities. During the 1958-59 school year, enrollments in schools with and without a lunch service totaled 34.7 million pupils. The United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare esti- mates that public school enrollments in the United States will reach 41.5 mil- lion pupils by 1965. By 1970 such enrollments are expected to climb to 44.5 million pupils, approximately 25 percent more than current enrollments. Increased pupil participation in schools that have lunch programs will continue to be an influence on the future market for food in schools. From this study, it was found that in schools under the National School Lunch Program the daily average number of lunches sold was equal to 52 percent of total average daily attendance. The remaining 48 percent of the enrollment re- presents a current latent demand, part of which probably constitutes a potential demand for school lunches and thereby, perhaps increased quantities of farm products. Still another possibility for increasing the consumption of food is in schools that are now without a food service. Our 1957 study indicated there were more than 26,000 public schools in this category, and an additional 19,352 schools served milk only. l/ It appears reasonable to expect that some of these schools will have a lunch service in the years ahead and thus will provide an additional means of increasing the use of vegetables, potatoes, and sweetpotatoes in this segment of the away-from-home eating market. I/ "Participation of Schools and Pupils in School Lunch programs in Elemen- tary and Secondary Schools of the United States," Marketing Research Report No.262, Agr. Mktg. Serv., U. S. Department of Agriculture, August 1958 and "Milk Consumption in the Nation's Schools', Marketing Research Report No.284, Agr. Mktg. Serv., U. S. Department of Agriculture, November 1958. TVS-133 - 21 - TRENDS IN THE GEOGRAPHIC PATTERN OF PRODUCTION OF VEGETABLES FOR COMMERCIAL PROCESSING* During the last two decades the processed vegetable industry has been characterized by a substantial increase in acreage, sharply higher yields, rapid expansion in production, and important shifts in the geographic pattern of production. Without attempting to evaluate the many complex forces contrib- uting to the changes, the following discussion is a resume of important regional and ultra-regional shifts. Total production of vegetables for processing doubled in the years be- tween 1935-38 and 1955-58. Acreage was up only 20 percent, but yields increased almost 70 percent. Although all regions except the South Atlantic showed some gain in acreage, 90 percent of the total increase resulted from a doubling of acreage in the Western Region. This region also showed the highest average yield per acre, and experienced the sharpest increase in yield. These changes caused a significant shift in the regional pattern of pro- duction. Between 1935-38 and 1955-58 tonnage increased in all regions except the South Atlantic, but the increase in the West was phenomenal. There, output increased more than four-fold and accounted largely for the overall expansion of the industry. The Western Region has consistently increased in relative impor- tance, from 20 percent of the U. S. total in the earlier period to 46 percent in 1955-58. Despite a big increase in tonnage the North Central Region has declined in relative importance--from 42 to about 32 percent of the total. The North Atlantic, South Atlantic, and South Central regions have also shown large declines in relative importance. TVS-133 - 22 - JULY 1959 - 23 - Table 2.-- Vegetables for processing: Trend in acreage, yield and production, United States, by regions,1935-58 : Acreage,by regions Period : : orth : South South North : Western Total SCentral Central : Atlantic Atlantic : 1,000 acres 1,000 acres 1,000 acres 1,000 acres 1,000 acres 1,000 acres 1935-38 1939-42 1943-46 1947-50 1951-54 1955-58 230 264 391 378 434 488 704 706 860 761 788 719 78 107 149 111 90 92 218 222 262 199 209 186 198 233 290 256 268 231 1,428 1,532 1,952 1,705 1,789 1,716 Yield per acre, by regions North South South North Western central :Central Atlantic Atlantic : Average Tons Tons Tons Tons Tons Tons 1935-38 1939-42 1943-46 1947-50 1951-54 1955-58 3.1 3.8 4.1 4.6 5.9 6.8 2.1 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.9 3.2 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.3 2.4 2.8 2.4 2.8 2.5 2.6 3.4 3.7 3.2 3.7 4.0 4.0 2.5 3.0 2.8 3.2 3.7 4.2 Production, by regions Western 1,000 tons North Central 1,000 tons South Central 1,000 tons South Atlantic 1,000 tons North Atlantic 1,000 tons Total 1,000 tons 708 1,015 1,600 1,751 2,563 3,306 1,479 1,857 2,028 1,931 2,255 2,288 139 201 269 206 170 215 517 616 621 551 530 475 668 859 935 955 1,083 923 3,511 4,548 5,453 5,394 6,601 7,207 : Production as a percentage of U.S. total SoW n rth South South North * Western tal SCentral Central Atlantic Atlantic Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent 20.2 22.3 29.3 32.5 38.8 45.9 42.1 40.8 37.2 35.8 34.2 31.7 4.9 3.8 2.6 3.0 14.7 13.6 11.4 10.2 8.0 6.6 19.0 18.9 17.2 17.7 16.4 12.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 *ByT Will M. Srmnons, analytical Statistician, Divislon-' if -a.i.ultural Econcnics,/AM;. 1935-38 1939-42 1943-46 1947-50 1951-54 1955-58 1935-38 1939-42 1943-46 1947-50 1951-54 1955-58 JULY 1959 TVS-133 The Western Region experienced a teriffic expansion in production of vegetables for commercial processing, from 708,000 tons in 1935-38 to 3,300,000 tons in 1955-58. Three States in the region--California, Oregon and Washington- -in 1955-58, accounted for 88 percent of the acreage and 93 percent of the pro- duction. Both acreage and yield increased sharply in each of the three States as well as in other States as a group. California had the highest yield per acre throughout the period, partly as a result of its large acreage of toma- toes, a crop with relatively high yields. California also registered the sharpest increase in yield. California improved its position as the dominant producing State within the region. The State in 1935-38 accounted for 69 percent of the total ton- nage, and sharp increases in average yields, particularly after 1950, boosted California's share to 78 percent of the total. Oregon and Washington each have generally contributed 6 to 8 percent of total production in the region. Both States showed some increase in relative importance in the early part of the period, but in recent years have lost.a part of the increase. In terms of tonnage, production in other States as a group increased by 80 percent during the period. Among States in this group, tonnage was smaller in New Mexico, and in Montana it was down a third; but production increased several-fold in Idaho, more than doubled in Wyoming, and was up sharply in Colorado and Utah. Because of more rapid expansion in California, however, production in these other States as a group declined from 19 to less than 8 percent of the total for the region. VEGETABLES FOR PROCESSING Trend in Production, by States, Western Region THOUS. TONS 3,000 2,000 1,000 Total OTHER .... WASHINGTON- - O REGO N .............. IOREGON r A iFORNIA r - 1943-46 1947-50 1951-54 1955-58 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NEG. 7381-59 (7) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE 1935-38 1939-42 - 24 - TVS-133 JULY 1959 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NEG. 7387-59 (7) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE JULY 1959 Table 3.--Vegetables for processing: Trend in acreage, yield and production, selected States, Western Region, 1935-58 : Acreage, Western Region Period California : Oregon : Washington : Other 1/ : Total * : : : - 25 - 1,000 acres 137.1 148.9 196.5 175.8 202.9 238.5 1,000 acres 23.8 31.o 62.9 69.7 79.1 89.0 1,000 acres 26.6 39.6 73.5 73.9 92.4 103.4 1,000 acres 42.0 44.4 57.7 58.7 60.0 57.3 1,000 acres 229.5 263.9 390.6 378.1 434.4 488.2 : Yield per acre, Western Region SCalifornia : Oregon : Washington : Other 1/ : Average : Tons Tons Tons Tons Tons S 3.6 1.8 1.6 3.2 3.1 4.8 2.3 1.9 3.6 3.8 5.8 2.1 1.8 3.4 4.1 7.0 2.3 1.8 3.8 4.6 9.4 2.7 2.1 4.2 5.9 : 10.9 2.9 2.1 4.3 6.8 : Production, Western Region :California : Oregon : Washington : Other l/ Total : 1,000 tons 1,000 tons 1,000 tons 1,000 tons 1,000 tons 488.5 42.6 42.1 134.7 707.9 S 711.4 72.5 73.3 157.7 ,o014.9 1,139.1 134.4 131.5 195.6 1,600.6 1,237.2 162.0 130.7 221.2 1,751.1 : 1,905.2 209.8 194.7 253.5 2,563.2 S 2589.6 256.2 214.6 245.9 3,306.3 Production as a percentage of Western Region : California : Oregon : Washington : Other I : Total : : * Percent 1935-38 1939-42 1943-46 1947-50 1951-54 1955-58 1935-38 1939-42 1943-46 1947-50 1951-54 1955-58 1935-38 1939-42 1943-46 1947-50 1951-54 .1955-58 Percent 6.0 7.2 8.4 9.2 8.2 7.8 Percent 6.0 7.2 8.2 7.5 7.6 6.5 Percent 19.0 15.5 12.2 12.6 9.9 7.4 Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 l/ Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming. 1935-38 1939-42 1943-46 1947-50 1951-54 1955-58 69.0 70.1 71.2 20.7 74.3 78.3 TVS-133 JULY 1959 Production of vegetables for commercial processing in the North Central Region increased more than 50 percent from 1935-38 to 1955-58. Practically all of the increase was due to higher yield per acre, as total acreage was only slightly larger. Among the more important producing States in the region, acreage was up sharply in Wisconsin and Minnesota, up more moderately in Michigan, and showed no definite trend in Illinois. But in Ohio acreage was cut almost in half and in Indiana and in other States as a group was cut about two-thirds. Among these other States, only South Dakota showed an increase. These trends in acreage within the region resulted in a significant shift in the regional pattern of production. In terms of tonnage, production was up sharply in Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan, Illinois and Ohio, but down sharply in Indiana and in other States as a group. Among these other States only South Dakota registered an increase. Wisconsin gained sharply in impor- tance, from 14 percent of the total for the region in 1935-38 to 29 percent in 1955-58. There was also a marked increase in the relative importance of Minnesota and some increase for Michigan and Illinois. Production in Indiana declined sharply in relative importance, from 31 percent of the total in the earlier period to 14 percent in the most recent period. Ohio showed some decline in relative importance, but still accounted for about 11 percent of the total. Production in other States as a group declined from more than 9 to less than 4 percent of the total for the region. VEGETABLES FOR PROCESSING Trend in Production, by States, North Central Region THOUS. TONS 3,000 Total 2,000 OTHER INDIANA -55 :OHIOx 1,000 **I .19-3 9 MICHIGAN WISCONSIN 0 1935-38 1939-42 1943-46 1947-50 1951-54 1955-58 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NEG. 7386-59(7) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE - 26 - TVS-133 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NEG. 7386-59 (7) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE 27 - Table 4.--Vegetables for processing: Trend in acreage, yield and production, selected States, North Central Region, 1935-58 JULY 1959 : Acreage, North Central Region Period isconsin:Minnesota: Michigan:Illinois : Ohio :Indiana :Other V1: Total * r * :1,000 : acres 159.5 186.5 280.5 261.3 288.2 279.3 1,000 acres 90.2 91.6 126.2 124.6 149.6 151.7 1,000 acres 62.1 56.4 65.8 71.2 74.0 67.0 1,000 1,000 1,000 acres acres acres 109.8 92.8 111.0 103.8 116.7 108.2 57.2 64.0 64.0 50.4 38.6 31.5 152.4 149.4 136.2 103.7 881.5 55.6 1,000 acres 73.2 65.0 76.6 46.2 38.8 26.1 1,000 acres 704.4 705.7 860.3 761.2 787.4 719.4 Yield per acre, North Central Region :Wisconsin:Minnesota: Michigan: Illinois: Ohio : Indiana:Other ij: Average Tons Tons Tons Tons Tons Tons Tons Tons 1.3 1.9 1.7 2.0 3.2 3.0 1.9 2.1 1.6 2.6 2.0 2.5 4.1 3.6 2.5 2.6 :1.8 1.9 1.8 2.4 4.0 3.3 2.4 2.4 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.6 4.8 3.8 2.2 2.5 :2.2 2.3 2.4 3.1 6.5 4.8 2.7 2.9 : 2.3 2.7 3.1 3.5 7.8 5.7 3.2 3.2 Production, North Central Region :Wisconsin:Minnesota: Michigan: Illinois: Ohio :Indiana :Other I/: Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 tons tons tons tons tons tons tons tons 204.5 173.2 102.9 223.1 180.4 455.7 139.2 1,479.0 307.3 236.0 115.4 233.4 262.7 538.4 164.1 1,857.3 506.0 238.1 121.0 262.8 258.9 454.5 186.8 2,028.1 511.3 266.8 143.4 274.3 240.8 394.3 100.4 1,931.3 : 625.4 346.7 180.3 357.0 252.8 389.1 103.2 2,254.5 : 653.0 403.6 209.0 374.4 246.5 318.6 82.6 2,287.7 Production as a percentageot' pjorti Cent-ral RPegon :Wisconsin:Minnesota: Michigr.n: Illinois: Ohio : Indiana:Other l/: Total * 1935-38 1939-42 1943-46 1947-50 1951-54 1955-58 1935-38 1939-42 1943-46 1947-50 1951-54 1955-58 1935-38 1939-42 1943-46 1947-50 1951-54 1955-58 13.8 16.6 24.9 26.5 27.7 28.6 11.7 12.7 11.7 13.8 15.4 17.6 7.0 6.2 6.0 7.4 8.0 9.1 15.1 12.6 13.0 14.2 15.8 16.4 Percent Percent Percent Percent 12.2 14.1 12.8 12.5 11.2 10.8 30.8 29.0 22.4 20.4 17.3 13.9 9.4 8.8 9.2 5.2 4.6 3.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 IJ Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska and South Dakota. TVS-133 1935-38 1939-42 1943-46 1947-50 1951-54 1955-58 : Percent Percent Percent Percent JULY 1959 Production of vegetables for commercial processing in the South Central Region is small relative to production in other sections of the country. However, the output in the region has grown from 139,000 tons in 1935-38 to 215,000 tons in 1955-58. About two-fifths of the increase was due to a larger acreage and three-fifths to higher average yield. Acreage about doubled in Texas, the most important State in the region, and in Oklahoma, but declined in Tennessee, Arkansas, and other States as a group. Among these other States a big increase in Alabama was more than offset by big re- ductions in Kentucky, Louisiana and Mississippi. Changes in acreage together with different rates of increase in yield have resulted in a significant shift in the pattern of production. Tonnage in Texas and Oklahoma was much larger in 1955-58 than in the earlier period, but it was somewhat smaller in Tennessee and Arkansas. As a result, produc- tion in Texas gained in relative importance from about a fourth of the total for the region in 1935-38 to almost half the total in recent years. Oklahoma also increased sharply in relative importance, and in the most recent period accounted for 9 percent of the total. Production in Tennessee and Arkansas both declined from more than 20 to less than 15 percent of the total for the region. Other States as a group showed about the same decline in importance. VEGETABLES FOR PROCESSING Trend in Production, by States, South Central Region - 28 - THOUS. TONS 300 200 100 1935-38 1935-38 1939-42 1943-46 1947-50 1951-54 1955-58 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NEG. 7390-59 (7) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE TVS-133 AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE NEG. 7390-59 (7) U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Table 5.--Vegetables for processing: Trend in acreage, yield and production, selected States, South Central Region, 1935-58 : Acreage, South Central Region Peri 1 : Texas : Oklahoma : Tennessee : Arkansas : Other 1/ : Total : 1,000 acres 1,000 acres 1,000 acres 1,00 000 acres 1000 acres 1,000 acres 1935-38 1939-42 1943-46 1947-50 1951-54 1955-58 20.8 28.9 47.2 39.2 37.4 40.2 4.5 11.4 23.7 14.9 10.1 9.6 16.7 16.4 16.4 12.8 13.1 14.1 17.4 31.2 44.2 29.0 16.1 14.2 18.5 19.5 17.3 15.5 13.2 14.4 77.9 107.4 148.8 111.4 89.9 92.5 Yield per acre, South Central Region Texas : Oklahoma : Tennessee : Arkansas : Other 1/ : Average : Tons Tons Tons Tons Tons Tons S 1.7 1.7 2.2 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.7 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.9 S 2.3 1.4 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.8 S 2.0 1.4 2.4 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.6 1.9 1.7 2.0 1.9 S 2.6 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.3 : Production, South Central Region : Texas : Oklahoma : Tennessee : Arkansas : Other 1/ : Total :1,000 tons 1,000 tons 1,000 tons 1,000 tons 1,000 tons 1,000 tons 35.9 7.5 36.1 30.5 29.2 139.2 55.2 19.1 33.1 61.3 32.4 201.1 : 108.2 33.4 27.5 74.0 26.0 269.1 80.3 21.4 30.4 46.5 27.8 206.4 76.1 16.2 24.4 27.0 26.2 169.9 103.6 20.1 30.1 28.6 32.5 214.9 : Production as a percentage of South Central Region : Texas : Oklahoma : Tennessee : Arkansas : Other i/ : Total : : : 1935-38 1939-42 1943-46 1947-50 1951-54 1955-58 1935-38 1939-42 1943-46 1947-50 1951-54 1955-58 1935-38 1939-42 1943-46 1947-50 1951-54 1955-58 25.8 27.4 40.2 38.9 44.8 48.2 Percent 5.4 9.5 12.4 10.4 9.5 9.4 Percent 25.9 16.5 10.2 14.7 14.4 14.0 Percent 21.9 30.5 27.5 22.5 15.9 13.3 Percent 21.0 16.1 9.7 13.5 15.4 15.1 Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1/ Alabama, Kentucky, LInuisiana and Mississippi. Percent -- 29 - JULY 1959 TVS-133 JULY 1959 Production of vegetables for commercial processing in the North Atlantic Region was 38 percent larger in 1955-58 than in 1935-38. All of the expan- sion occurred in the 1940's and earlier 1950's, with some contraction since the mid-1950's. The larger 1955-58 production compared with earlier years was due about equally to higher yield per acre and a larger total acreage. In New York State acreage was about the same as in the earlier period, but acreages were up sharply in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Acreage was down substantially in other States as a group, with only Massachusetts showing any increase. Actual quantity of processing vegetables was much larger in 1955-58 than in 1935-38 in New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Production de- creased in other States as a group, as declines in Connecticut, Maine and Vermont more than offset a sizeable increase in Massachusetts and a small in- crease in New Hampshire. During the 20 year period, production in New York declined in relative importance from 46 to 41 percent of the total for the region. Pennsylvania registered a sharp gain, and in the most recent period made up 25 percent of the total. New Jersey showed a slight increase in re- lative importance, accounting for more than a fourth of the total. Other States as a group declined in relative importance from 11 to less than 5 per- cent of the total for the region. TVS-133 - 30 - TVS-133 Table 6.--Vegetables for processing: Trend in acreage, production, selected States, North Atlantic Region, yield and 1935-58 : Acreage, North Atlantic Region Period : New York : New Jersey : Pennsylvania : Other 1/ : Total : : * 1,000 acres 95.5 102.8 119.5 11.2 11.5 94.7 1,000 acres 47.8 61.4 73.6 66.2 74.4 68.0 1,000 acres 32.0 49.9 72.9 55.7 60.2 52.6 1,000 acres 23.0 18.4 24.1 22.4 21.6 15.3 1,000 acres 198.3 232.5 290.1 255.5 267.7 230.6 : Yield per acre, North Atlantic Region : New York : New Jersey : Pennsylvania : Other l/ : Average S Tons Tons Tons Tons Tons 3.2 3.8 3.3 3.3 3.4 S 3.7 4.0 3.7 2.8 3.7 3.4 3.5 2.9 2.5 3.2 3.6 4.2 4.0 2.2 3.7 S 4.1 4.3 4.2 2.3 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.4 2.7 4.0 : Production, North Atlantic Region : New York : New Jersey : Pennsylvania : Other 1/ : Total : : : 1,000 tons 305.1 375.3 407.0 403.2 462.5 380.5 1,000 tons 182.0 248.5 254.7 277.5 317.7 271.6 1,000 tons 105.2 183.3 212.8 225.0 253.6 229.1 1,000 tons 75.1 51.7 60.1 49.3 49.2 42.0 1,000 tons 667.4 858.8 934.6 955.0 l,n83.0 923.2 : Production as a percentage of North Atlantic Region : New York : New Jersey : Pennsylvania : Other I/ : Total Percent 45.7 43.7 43.5 42.2 42.7 41.2 Percent 27.3 28.9 27.3 29.0 29.3 29.4 Percent 15.8 21.4 22.8 23.6 23.4 24.8 Percent 11.2 6.0 6.4 5.2 4.6 4.C Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 51 Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Vermont. 1935-38 1939-42 1943-46 1947-50 1951-54 1955-58 1935-38 1939-42 1943-46 1947-50 1951-54 1955-58 1935-38 1939-42 1943-46 1947-50 1951-54 1955-58 1935-38 1939-42 1943-46 1947-50 1951-54 1955-58 - 31 - JULY 1959 TVS-133 - 32 - JULY 1959 Production of vegetables for commercial processing in the South Atlantic Region tended to increase into the early 1940's. Since that time production has trended downward, and in 1955-58 it was 8 percent below that of 1935-38. Average yield per acre was only moderately higher than in the earlier period, and acreage was down 15 percent. Sharp reductions in acreages in the important State of Maryland and in Virginia more than offset increases in Delaware, Florida and other States as a group. Among these other States big increases in Georgia, North Carolina and South Carolina more than offset a decrease in West Virginia. Maryland, biggest producing State in the region, has lost much ground both in terms of tonnage produced, and in relative importance. Production in Maryland has declined more than a third, and in 1955-58 made up a little more than 40 percent of the total for the region; this compared with more than 60 percent in the earlier period. Virginia too has declined in importance. But production has increased rather sharply in Delaware, Florida and other States as a group. Among these other States, production in Georgia, North Carolina and South Carolina showed big increases, while West Virginia showed a big decline. Production in Delaware showed some gain in relative importance in the region and in the most recent period accounted for 16 percent of the total. Florida, and other States as a group have gained rapidly. During 1955-58 Florida produced about 14 percent of the total for the region, and other States 13 percent. VEGETABLES FOR PROCESSING Trend in Production, by States, South Atlantic Region THOUS. TONS Total 6 0 0 ....................... O TH ER -- 600 OTHER 400 VIRGINIA 200 MARYLAND 0 1935-38 1939-42 1943-46 1947-50 1951-54 1955-58 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NEG. 7389-59 (7) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE NEG. 7389-59 (7) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE JULY 1959 Table 7.--Vegetables for processing: Trend in acreage, yield and production, selected States, South Atlantic Region, 1935-58 : Acreage, South Atlantic Region Period : : Period : Maryland : Virginia : Delaware : Florida : Other / : Total : 1,000 acres 1,000 acres 1,000 acres 1,000 acres 1,000 acres 1,000 acres 1935-38 1939-42 1943-46 1947-50 1951-54 1955-58 1935-38 1939-42 1943-46 1947-50 1951-54 1955-58 1935-38 1939-42 1943-46 1947-50 1951-54 1955-58 1935-38 1939-42 1943-46 1947-50 1951-54 1955-58 130.4 122.6 130.1 98.0 84.3 67.8 41.2 43.5 50.1 34.9 34.3 26.3 30.1 31.0 35.3 33.8 38.6 40.6 4.7 8.9 18.4 11.3 21.8 19.9 11.5 16.4 28.1 21.3 30.4 31.0 217.9 222.4 262.0 199.3 209.4 185.6 * _Yield per acre, South Atlantic Region SMaryland : Virginia : Delaware : Florida : Other 1/ : Average S Tons Tons Tons Tons Tons Tons 2.5 2.2 2.0 2.9 2.0 2.4 3.1 2.7 2.1 2.3 1.8 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.1 1.8 1.5 2.4 S 3.2 3.0 1.9 2.2 1.8 2.8 3.0 2.6 1.9 2.9 1.7 2.5 S 2.9 2.8 1.9 3.4 2.0 2.6 : Production, South Atlantic Region SMaryland : Virginia : Delaware : Florida : Other I/ : Total : 1,000 tons 1,000 tons 1,000 tons 1,000 tons 1,000 tons 1,000 tons S 327.3 92.6 61.3 13.5 22.5 517.2 382.7 118.2 65.2 20.4 28.9 615.4 337.5 132.6 75.4 32.5 42.8 620.8 317.9 104.0 65.3 25.0 38.3 550.5 : 255.7 88.1 71.9 62.5 52.1 530.3 197.3 72.7 76.1 67.4 61.4 474.9 : Production as a percentage of South Atlrantic 'Neion : Maryland : Virginia : Dklaware : Florida : Other L/ : Total : : * Percent 63.3 62.2 54.4 57.7 48.2 41.6 Percent 17.9 19.2 21.4 18.9 16.6 15.3 Percent 11.9 10.6 12.1 11.9 13.6 16.0 Percent 2.6 3.3 5.2 4.5 11.8 14.2 Percent 4.3 4.7 6.9 7.0 9.8 12.9 Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 - 33 - I_ Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina and West Virginia. TVS-133 TVS-133 34 JULY 1959 LIST OF TABLES Table Title Page 1 Vegetables and melons for fresh market: Reported commercial acreage and production of principal crops, selected seasons, average 1949-57, annual 1958, and indicated 1959 ............. 2 2 Vegetables for processing: Trend in acreage, yield and produc- tion, United States, by regions, 1935-58 ..................... 23 3 Vegetables for processing: Trend in acreage, yield and produc- tion, selected States, Western region, 1935-58 ............... 25 4 Vegetables for processing: Trend in acreage, yield and produc- tion, selected States, North Central region, 1935-58 ......... 27 5 Vegetables for processing: Trend in acreage, yield and produc- tion, selected Sates, South Central region, 1935-58 ......... 29 6 Vegetables for processing: Trend in acreage, yield and produc- tion, selected States, North Atlantic region, 1935-58 ........ 31 7 Vegetables for processing: Trend in acreage, yield and produc- tion, selected States, South Atlantic region, 1935-58 ........ 33 8 Truck Crops, Potatoes and Sweetpotatoes: Unloads at 38 markets, indicated periods 1958 and 1959 ............................. 36 9 Vegetables, Fresh: Representative prices (1.c.l. sales) for stock of generally good quality and condition (U. S. No. 1 when available), New York and Chicago, indicated periods, 1958 and 1959 ...................................... ........... 37 10 Vegetables, Commercial for Fresh Market: Index numbers (unad- justed) of prices received by farmers, as of 15th of the month, United States, by months, average 1935-39, average 1947-49, and 1950 to date ......................... .................... 38 11 Truck Crops for Processing: Planted acreage and estimated production, average 1948-57, annual 1958 and indicated 1959 .. 38 12 Canned Vegetables: Commercial packs 1957 and 1958 and canners' and wholesale distributors' stocks 1958 and 1959, by commo- dities, United States ........................................ 39 13 Vegetables, Frozen: United States commercial packs 1957 and 1958, and cold storage holdings, July 1, 1959, with comparisons .................................................. 40 TVS-133 35 JULY 1959 LIST OF TABLES continued Table Title Page 14 Potatoes, Irish: Acreage, yield per acre,and production, average 1949-57, annual 1958 and indicated 1959 ............ 41 15 Sweetpotatoes: Acreage, yield per acre, and production, average 1949-57, annual 1958 and indicated 1959 ............ 41 16 Potatoes: Price f.o.b. shipping points and wholesale price at New York and Chicago, indicated periods 1958 and 1959 .... 42 17 Sweetpotatoes: Representative wholesale price per bushel (l.c.l. sales) at New York and Chicago for stock of generally good merchantable quality and condition (U. S. No. 1 when available) indicated periods, 1958 and 1959 ................. 42 18 Beans, Dry Edible: Acreage, yield per acre, and production, average 1948-57, annual 1958 and indicated 1959 ............. 43 19 Peas, Dry Field: Acreage, yield per acre, and production, average 1948-57, annual 1958 and indicated 1959 ............ 43 : THE VEGETABLE SITUATION IS ISSUED 4 TIMES A YEAR, : IN JANUARY, APRIL, JULY, AND OCTOBER : THE NEXT ISSUE IS SCHEDULED FOR RELEASE ON OCTOBER 30, 1959 8 ______________________ Table 8.-Truck crops, potatoes and sweetpotatoes: Unloads at 38 markets, indicated periods 1958 and 1959 (Expressed in carlot equivalents) 1958 1959 June 6-28 April 3-24 May 1-29 June 5-26 July 3-17 Como1dity : : : : :: : : : : : Rail : : : : Ral : :Rail:Rail : and : Truck p Total and Truck : : Total :and : Truck: : Total: and : Truck : : Total: and : Truckpo Total Sboat : : boat: : : boat port : boat: :boat : r Asparagus : 2 657 --- 659 608 571 --- 1,179 99 1,261 --- 1,360 4 552 --- 556 --- 31 -- 31 Beans, lima, snap and : fava 65 1,849 1,914 77 489 50 616 195 1,524 31 1,750 39 1,884 1,923 --- 1,042 --- 1,O42 Beets 10 195 --- 205 14 51 65 9 121 130 3 212 215 1 161 --- 162 Broccoli 19 66 -- 85 259 94 -- 353 153 93 --- 246 22 83 --- 105 7 56 --- 63 Cabbage : 212 2,894 24 3,130 888 2,315 14 3,217 580 3,300 2 3,882 105 2,637 41 2,783 4 1,740 28 1,772 Cantaloupe and other melons 3,957 2,610 198 6,76 --- 1 773 774 86 514 1,404 2,004 4,657 3,080 136 7,873 3,469 2,100 --- 5,569 Carrots : 825 893 --- 1,78 716 1,120 -- 1,836 1,034 1,285 2,319 705 819 1 1,525 523 546 --- 1,069 Cauliflower : 18 429 6 453 253 406 -- 659 84 518 --- 602 57 452 5 514 35 294 --- 329 Celery 1,564 1,630 3,194 1,287 1,712 --- 2,999 1,619 2,328 -- 3,9 1,330 1,306 -- 2,636 922 897 1,AI Corn : 1,228 2,254 3,482 462 970 31 1,463 1,185 2,229 13 3,427 1,408 2,494 --- 3,902 465 3,378 --- 3,843 Cucumbers 200 1,914 --- 2,114 148 840 22 1,010 122 1,325 11 1,658 84 2,039 --- 2,123 16 1,351 17 1,384 Escarole and endive : 34 134 -- 168 49 131 --- 180 65 126 --- 191 21 160 --- 181 2 127 --- 129 Lettuce and romaine : 3,155 4,132 17 7,304 3,655 2,729 -- 6,384 4,813 3,840 6 8,679 3,036 3,818 23 6,877 2,263 2,634 5 4,902 Onions : 1,622 1,291 66 2,979 333 1,616 1,167 3,116 2, 3j3 2,023 98 4,504 1,612 1,141 102 2,855 882 1,104 15 2,001 Peas, green 90 77 --- 167 99 74 173 154 110 264 104 91 --- 195 36 56 --- 92 Peppers 429 826 7 1,262 114 415 263 792 109 776 98 983 321 730 8 1,o59 70 886 1 957 Spinach : 2 352 354 111 302 413 13 493 506 3 294 --- 297 3 160 --- 163 Tomatoes : 2,118 4,351 5 6,474 358 1,625 1,928 3,911 1,628 5,120 604 7,352 1,765 4,891 10 6,666 658 4,519 11 5,188 Turnips and rutabagas : 122 2 124 1 306 129 436 2 247 74 323 2 138 25 165 3 88 1 92 Watermelons : 2,885 7,460 118 10,463 3 61 411 475 597 2,350 776 3,723 1,394 7,230 27 8,651 1,767 10,719 1 12,487 a Other vegetables (including miaed) : 341 94 -- 435 1,339 154 3 1,496 1,186 200 1 1.,87 349 102 --- 41 224 49 --- 273 Total above 18,776 34,230 443 53,449 10,774 15,982 4,791 31,547 16,136 29,783 3,118 49,037 17,01 34,153 378 51,552 11,350 31,938 79 L3,367 Potatoes 9.348 7,605 68 17,021 7,997 6,123 13 14,133 10,865 8,174 40 19,079 8,224 6,884 38 15,146 4,947 5,711 6 1.,.(7 Sweetpotatoes --- 330 --- 330 4 1,081 -- 1,085 3 1,026 --- 1,029 --- 479 --- 47 --- 253 -- 253 Grand total : 28,124 42,165 511 70,800 18,775 23,186 4,804 46,765 27,004 38,983 3,158 69,145 25,245 41,516 416 67,177 1,2j 7 37,905 85 54,287 I/ Except watermelons. Markets: Albany, Atlanta, Baltimore, Birmingham, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Cinainnati, Cleveland, Columbia, Dallas, Denver, Detroit, Houston, Indianapolis, Kansas City, Los Angeles, Louisville, Memphis, Miami, Milwaukee, Minneapolis, Nashville, Newark, New Orleans, New York, Oakland, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Portland (Ore.), Providence, St. Louis, St. Paul, Salt Lake City, San Antonio, San Francisco, Washington, and Wichita. Truck unloads are not 100 percent complete but rreesent highest percentage obtainable under local conditions in markets covered. Market News: Weekly reports, USDA, AMS. TVS-13? - 37 - JULY 1959 Table 9 .-Vegetables, fresh: Representative prices (l.e.1. sales) for stock of generally ood quality and condition (U. S. No. 1 when available), New York and Chicago, indicated periods, 1958 and 1959 :Tuesday nearest mid-month Market State and : of : Unit 1958 1959 commodity origin : SMay June July May June July IS 17 15 12 16 14 ::.. New York: Asparagus Beans, snap, green Valentine Broccoli, bunched Cabbage :New Jersey-large, 12 bchs. crt. :New Jersey:Bu. hamper :Penn. :12's 4/5 bu. crt. Domestic, round type .Long Islandl-3/5 bu. crt. Domestic, round type :New Jersey:l-3/5 bu. bx. Cantaloula :California:36's jumbo ert. Co-rota, topped, washed :California:48-1 lb. film bag : crt. Cauliflower, catskill type.New York. 12's crt. Celery Pascal : New York :2-1/2-3 dos. Pascal :California:2-1/2 doz. Cucumbers : Maryland :Bu. bskt. Eggplant :Florida :Bu. bskt. Escarole :New Jersey:1-1/9 bi. crt. Honeydews :California: 9-12's std. crt. Lettuce, Iceberg :California:2 doz. cart. Onions Yellow, flat type, med. :New Jersey:50 lb. sack Yellow, Grano, large :Texas :50 lb. sack Peppers, green, med.-lge.N. Carolina:Bu. bskt. Spinach, Savoy :New Jersey: Bu. bskt. Tomatoes :Virginia :6X6 60-lb. ert. Chicago: Asparagus, bunched, fancy: llinois :12 1-lb. bchs. Beans, snap, green, various varieties Broccoli Cabbage, Domestic, r~urd type Cantaloupe Carrots, topped, washed Cauliflower Celery Pascal Pascal Cucumbers EgEglant Honeydews Lettuce,Iceberg,dry pack Onions Yellow, Grano, large Yellow, medium Peppers, green Spinach, flat type Tomatoes, 2 layer Watermelons :Illinois :Bu. bskt. :California:14's 1/2 crt. :Illinois :1-3/5 bu. crt. :California:36-45's jumbo crt. :California:4E-1 lb. film bag eart :California:WGA crt. 18's :California:2-3 doz. :Michigan :2,-4 doz. -Illinois :Bu. bskt. :Florida :Bu. bakt. :California:9-12's std. flat crt.: :California:2 doz. heads, cart. Texas :50 lb. sack :California:50 lb. sack :N.Carolina:Bu. bskt. :Illinois :Bu. bskt. :California:6x6 20 lb. flat :Texas :28-32 lb. av. Dol. 3.52 4.55- :1/11.00 4.37 5.00 Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. 3.75 4.25 2.63 2.00 3.00 2.75 S.25 .63 --- 7.00 4.75 5.37 --- 2.75 6.25 4.75 1.13 1/3.50 3.50 5.90 2.75 4.uo 1.25 3.75 3.00 --- 1.88 2.90 2.63 --- : --- 1.63 .88 .88 1.13 : .. --- 6.20 1/2.35 1/3.00 - : --- 2.25 S3.75 1/3.50 - 3.85 6.00 7.85 4.25 .75 6.25 5.00 10.00 5.75 5.25 --- 3.35 -- --- 2.50 4.50 13.25 2.25 3.50 2.75 2.d5 2.25 2.40 -- --- 2.15 --- 2.15 2.00 1.00 1.15 --- .3.15 3.35 2.15 -- 2.00 2.25 3.00 2.75 1.88 --- 1.00 1.75 --- 6.00 7.25 4.25 4.63 4.38 .-- 2.62 1.88 4.15 5.h0 3.65 2.75 3.40 4.00 4.75 -- 1.13 1.38 -- 4.50 2.65 2.50 4.oc 4.50 .88 2.13 .95 1.63 2.20 1.85 3.50 2.62 1.35 --- 3-75 3.35 --- 3.00 3.85 5.25 4.00 3.50 2.40 3.75 1.85 5.75 4.35 4.85 3.50 2.35 2.00 2.00 1.25 1.25 7.65 3.85 2/3.75 3.15 2.25 5.00 4.00 3.85 1.50 2.25 2.85 2.50 4.00 3.00 Weekly of Term et prices, USA, AS, market News Reports.d Weekly Summary of Terminal Market Prices, USDA, AMS, Market News Reports. Table 10.--Vegetables, commercial for fresh market: Index numbers (unadjusted) of prices received by farmers, as of 15th of the month, United States, by months, average 1935-39,average 1947-49, and 1950 to date (1910-1914 100) Period Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.: May : June July : Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. De. Av. 1935-39 : 114 121 133 130 125 98 87 82 81 90 103 115 107 1947-49 : 288 305 310 308 277 215 207 196 193 204 241 246 249 Year 1950 : 257 213 195 276 231 211 200 170 156 165 214 249 211 1951 : 338 346 288 333 276 215 203 197 190 211 290 343 269 1952 /: 301 249 294 341 311 294 289 240 203 227 272 285 276 1953 1./: 267 273 254 252 251 285 246 209 191 206 226 241 242 1954 /: 254 239 236 265 255 204 222 192 176 202 240 223 226 1955 l: 251 273 260 272 254 220 206 210 226 219 245 230 239 1956 E_: 246 276 271 246 262 291 264 202 184 215 281 267 250 1957 1/: 241 237 238 271 285 281 269 233 200 213 217 246 244 1958 L: 310 356 401 342 280 218 197 173 183 214 256 236 264 1959 2/: 302 304 298 294 285 227 l Revised. In addition to the vegetables included in the series published prior to January 1954, the following have been added; broccoli, sweet corn, cucumbers, and watermelons. 2/ Preliminary. Agriculture Prices, USDA, AMS, issued monthly. Table 11.--Truck crops for processing: Planted acreage and estimated production, average 1948-57, annual 1958 and indicated 1959 Planted acreage Production S: : 1959 as : Crop : Average : 1958 :Indicated: per- : Average : 1958 :Indicated : 1948-57 : :1959 : centage : 1948-57 : 1959 : :: of 1958 : :Acres Acres Acres Percent Tons Tons Tons Beans, green, lima / : 106,600 89,150 87,640 98 93,300 88,800 --- Beans, snap :138,100 159,700 167,100 105 290,700 360,700 386,100 Beets for canning : 18,800 16,660 15,110 91 153,300 152,100 --- Cabbage for kraut: Contract only : 9,300 7,760 8,110 105 106,800 125,300 Corn, sweet 2/ 468,600 403,040 451,020 112 1,376,400 1,2,600 --- Cucumbers for pickles :142,400 126,180 111,590 88 293,500 356,800 --- Peas, green : 455,900 396,250 359,430 91 449,800 485,500 450,300 Spinach: Winter and spring 3/ : 29,900 26,880 29, 50 111 99,100 92,300 134,100 Tomatoes : 347,500 360,700 2)2,000 81 3,298,300 4,287,300 Total acreage to date :1,717,100 1,586,320 1,521,950 96 6,161,200 7,273,JO 4 Production reported on shelled basis. SIn husk. S1949-57 average. NOTE: All data subject to addition and revision in later monthly reports. Vegetables-Processing-USDA, AMS, issued monthly. - 38 - TVS-133 JULY 1959 Table 12.--Canned vegetables: Commercial packs 1957 and 1958 and canners' and wholesale distributors' stocks 1958 and 1959, by commodities, United States Pack Stocks C o: : Canners / Wholesale distributors / Commodity : 1957 : 1958 : Date : 1958 : 1959 : Date : 1958 : 1959 ::::: : Major commodities Beans, snap Corn, sweet Peas, green Tomatoes Tomato juice 2/ Total Minor commodities Asparagus Beans, lima Beets Blackeye peas Carrots Okra Pickles Pimientos Pumpkin and squash Sauerkraut Potatoes Sweetpotatoes Spinacrh Other greens Tomato products: Catsup and chili sauce Paste Pulp and puree Sauce Vegetables, mixed Total, comparable minor items Grand total, comparable items 1,000 cases 24/2's 26,174 31,533 33,857 21,686 32,590 1,000 cases 24/2's 26,432 27,075 29,549 30,465 37,467 June June June Apr. Apr. 1,000 cases 24/2's 5,602 8,412 7,661 4,995 17,032 1,000 cases 24/2's 6,198 5,118 8,840 10,673 19,606 June June June Apr. Apr. 1,000 cases 24/2's 2,613 3,074 3,269 3,492 2,791 1,000 cases 24/2's 2,660 3,128 3,183 3,221 2,961 145,840 150,988 43,702 50,435 15,239 15,153 S5,887 6,183 Mar. 1 1,445 1,329 Apr. 1 614 556 S 2,518 2,464 May 1 1,137 916 Jan. 1 495 473 S8,335 8,030 May 1 4,166 3,958 Jan. 1 993 954 S 1,418 1,951 S 2,517 3,186 May 1 1,641 1,607 Jan. 1 421 434 S 560 852 :3/25,146 3/24,262 S 357 493 S 3,327 3,535 Apr. 1 1,203 960 Jan. 1 552 550 :/9,202 /11,119 June 1 4/3,476 4/3,763 June 1 671 688 S 3,243 3,383 S 5,345 7,017 S6,346 5,240 Mar. 1 1,806 1,104 Apr. 1 604 583 S2,103 2,318 S18,180 21,075 Apr. 1 9,697 11,421 Apr. 1 1,826 1,783 S/8,741 5/11,477 Apr. 1 63,190 6A4,231 Jan. 1 642 745 S4,527 4,320 Apr. 1 6/1,789 .6,833 Jan. 1 650 619 : 7,969 12,158 Apr. 1 E/3,690 ?_, 595 Jan. 1 748 625 S 3,454 3,463 :119,175 132,526 33,240 36,717 8,216 8,010 : 265,015 283,514 76,942 87,152 23,455 23,163 i/ Converted from actual cases to standard cases of 24 No. 2 cans. 2/ Includes combination vegetable juices containing at least 70 percent tomato juice. / Crop for processing converted to a canned basis by applying an overall conversion factor (pickles 68 and sauerkraut 54 cases equivalent to 1 ton fresh). R/ reported in barrels; converted to 24/2's by using 14 cases to the barrel. Estimated, basis California pack. / California only. Canners' stock and pack data from National Canners Association, unless otherwise noted. Wholesale distributors' stocks from United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. TVS-133 - 39 - JULY 1959 - 40 - JULY 1959 Table 13.--Vegetables, frozen: United States commercial packs 1957 and 1958, and cold-storage holdings, July 1, 1959, with comparisons Packs Cold-storage holdings Commodity 1957 : : 1,000 pounds 1958 : :* 1,000 pounds Asparagus Beans, green and wax Beans, lima Broccoli Brussels sprouts Carrots Cauliflower Corn, cut Corn-on-cob Mixed vegetables Peas Peas and carrots Pumpkin and squash Rhubarb Spinach Succotash Kale Okra Peas, blackeye Potato products Turnip greens Miscellaneous vegetables Total 31,201 134,361 131,379 80,452 33,354 34,237 22,690 112,917 13,699 41,547 295,823 21,017 13,151 S 4,704 102,130 10,037 S 4,106 17,071 11,624 :219,860 10,873 20,332 :1,366,565 24,365 156,006 125,910 109,679 30,424 53,713 33,251 111,039 10,370 37,297 251,934 21,467 18,007 4,448 97,472 8,937 3,579 15,767 13,012 269,462 11,041 26,064 1,433,244 29,382 28,464 44,890 32,090 14,262 2 12 63 _/30,422 I/ 12(,963 2/ 52 37 55,537 2/ 132,797 510,270 30,437 24,592 48,495 28,159 12,814 9,284 27,087 1q901 170,954 9,009 46,975 2 L2 66,279 59,092 550,078 31,832 30,935 41,393 41,857 11,565 13,958 10,965 3/21,182 13,535 140,233 10,792 74,257 2/ 2/ 86,839 59,045 588,388 1 Preliminary. 2 Included in miscellaneous vegetables. SSweet corn. Corn-on-cob included with sweet corn. Pack data from National Association of Frozen Food Packers. TVS-133 July 1 average 1954-58 1,000 pounds July 1 1958 1,000 pounds July 1, 1959 1 1,000 pounds -- Table 14.--Potatoes, Irish: Acreage, yield per acre, and production, average 1949-57, annual 1958 and indicated 1959 Acreage Yield per acre Production H arrested Seasonal : : For e 1958 : Indi-: Ave 1958 : Indi- group : Average : 1958 harvest : cated : cated :199-57 : : 1959 19495-57 : 1959 11949-57 1/ : 1959 : 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 : acres acres acres Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. cwt. cwt. cwt. Winter 26.3 34.5 26.3 156.2 144.1 147.3 4,103 4,971 3,874 Spring Early : 24.8 31.2 25.8 134.8 150.7 128.3 3,355 2/4,70o 3,311 Late : 185.4 166.2 137.9 133.6 145.3 163.5 24,540 24,152 22,553 Summer Early : 128.6 117.3 110.7 95.7 125.0 123.0 12,217 2/14,65) 13,614 Late 210.7 183.8 180. 158.5 186.7 193.6 33,052 2/34,308 33,206 Total to date : 575.8 533.0 481.6 134.2 155.3 159.0 77,267 82,793 76,558 Fall 8 Eastern : 2.. 288.5 270.5 206.8 228.0 --- 61,884 65,788 --- 9 Central 327.9 308.3 309.9 117.6 142.0 --- 38,408 43,785 --- 9 Western 277.4 337.2 334.7 188.0 217.6 --- 52,269 73,363-- Total : 05.2 934.0 .915.1 168.9 195.9 --- 152,261 182,936 -- United States :1,481.1 1,467.0 1, u:,.7 155.8 181.1 --_ 229,829 265,729 _ SRevised. 2 Production includes the following quantities not harvested or not marketed because of low prices (thousand hundredweight): Early Spring 395, Early Summer 136, Late Summer 403. Crop Production, USDA, AMS, issued monthly. Table 15.--Sweetpotatoes: Acreage, yield per acre, and production, average 1949-57, annual 1958 and indicated 1959 : Acreage : Yield per acre Production : Harvested Group and : : : For : : : Indi- : : Indi- State : Average : : harvest Average 1958 : cated Average 1958 : cated : 1949-57 : 1959 1949-57 : 1959 1949-57 : : 1959 :1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 :acres acres acres Cwt. Cwt. Cwt. cwt. cwt. cwt. Central Atlantic 38.1 39.9 42.8 85 96 91 3,224 3,812 3,886 Lower Atlantic 2/ 102.5 56.6 54.5 52 64 61 5,365 3,614 3,: 6 South Central 3/ 194.8 154.3 160.1 50 57 57 9,778 8,750 9,115 North Central / : 3.5 3.2 3.3 55 74 75 172 238 247 California : 11.7 12.0 13.0 70 85 78 817 1,020 1,014 Total :352.9 266.0 273.7 55.5 65.5 64.3 19,516 17,434 17,598 1' New Jersey, Maryland, and Virginia. 2 North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas. Missouri and Fansas. Crop Production, USDA, AMS, iss-'ed monthly. - 41 - TVS-133 JI.LY 1959 Table 16.--Potatoes: Price f.o.b. shipping points and wholesale price at New York and Chicago, indicated periods 1958 and 1959 Week ended S: 1958 : 1959 Item : State : Unit : : May June July May June July : 17 14 12 16 13 : 11 : Dol. Dol. Doi. Dol. Dol. Dol. F.o.b. shipping points Kern District- Bakersfield, Long : 100-lb. sack : White, washed California U. S. No. 1 : 2.88 1.76 2.18 2.75 4.25 3.00 Phoenix -Round Reds : Arizona 100-lb. sack : S. No. 1: 3.02 2.00 --- 3.00 4.85 --- Washington- : North 100-1b. sack Cobbler, washed : Carolina :U. S. No. 1 --- --- 1.70 --- 3.36 Onley -Eastern Shore points : 100-1b. sack Cobbler, unwashed : Virginia :U. S. No. 1 : --- --- 1.78 --- --- 3.15 : : Tuesday nearest mid-month S: 1955 : 1959 May June July May : June: July 13 17 : 15 12 16 14 Dol. Dol. Doi. Dol. Dol. Dol. Terminal markets New York Long White, washed : California : 50-lb. sack : 3.50 2.43 2.70 2.70 3.60 2.91 Cobblers, unwashed : Virginia : 50-lb. sack : --- -- 1.14 --- --- 1.90 Chicago : 100-lb. sack Round Reds : California :U. S. No. : Size A : --- 3.45 --- --- 6.60 4.30 Long Whites : California : 100-lb. sack U. S. No. 1 Size A :5-15 3.60 4.10 4.75 6.25 4.60 F.o.b. prices are the simple averages of the mid-point of the range daily prices and are compiled from Market News Reports of AMS. Market prices are submitted Tuesday of each week by Market News repre- sentatives. Table 17.--Saeetpotatoes: Representative wholesale price per bushel (i.c.1. sales) at New York and Chicago for stock of generally good merchantable quality and condition (U. S. No. 1, when available) indicated periods, 1958 and 1959 Tuesday nearest mid-month 195 : 1959 Item : State : Unit : : : : : : SMay June July May June July S13 17 : 15 12 16 : 14 SDol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. New York : North Puerto Rican : Carolina Bu. bskt. 5.65 5.40 5.63 4.25 3.85 3.70 Chicago Puerto Rican, cured : Louisiana : 50-1b. crt. : 5.50 5.50 5.85 3.50 3.15 2.50 Prices submitted for Tuesday of each week by the Market News representative at New York and Chicago. - 42 - TVS-133 JULY 1959 Table 18.--Beans, dry, edible: Acreage, yield per acre, and production, average 1948-57, annual 1958 and indicated 1959 J/ SAcreage Yield per acre Production 2/ States . and Harvested For Indi- Indi- and1_____8:Average: a8 :Average : 1958 classes 9Avaharvest 1956 cated 5 1958 cated Average:. 1958 1959 :198-5 :95 :1948-57 : : 1959 :1948-57: : : : : 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 acres acres acres Pounds Pounds Pounds bags bags bags Maine, New York, Michigan : 586 653 641 952 1,001 1,024 5,570 6,537 6,561 Nebraska, Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Washington :301 371 361 1,597 1,708 1,719 4,796 6,335 6,205 Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah :319 278 255 708 726 684 2,170 2,018 1,743 California Large lima 72 66 60 1,640 1,656 1,700 1,171 1,093 1,020 Baby lima : 46 22 22 1,624 1,618 1,800 724 356 396 Other 197 210 193 1,201 1,258 1,300 2,375 2,642 2,509 Total California : 315 298 275 1,358 1,373 1,427 4,270 4,091 3,925 United States :1,521 1,600 1,532 1,113 1,186 1,203 16,804 18,981 18,434 I Includes beans grown for seed. 2/ Bags of 100 pounds (cleaned). Crop Production, USDA, AMS, issued monthly. Table 19.--Peas, dry, field: Acreage, yield per acre,and production, average 1948-57, annual 1958 and indicated 1959 1/ Acreage Yield per acre Production 2/ State Harvested :For Indi- Indi- Avegharvest. Averag 1958 cated :Average 1958 cated :Average: :194-57: 1948-57 : :194 7: : 959: : :9 : :1959 : 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 : acres acres acres Pounds Pounds Pounds bags bags bags Minnesota : 4 3 4 1,001 1,100 1,300 41 33 52 North Dakota : 4 2 4 934 1,300 1,200 34 26 Montana : .--- --- --- --- Idaho : 93 77 119 1,197 1,450 1,450 1,119 1,116 1,726 Wyoming : --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Colorado 10 12 10 878 1,000 900 90 120 90 Washington 140 101 140 1,148 1,060 1,400 1,588 1,071 1,960 Oregon 11 7 10 934 1,400 1,400 103 98 140 California : 8 1 2 1,163 1,100 1,450 93 11 29 United States :281 203 289 1,145 1,219 1,400 3,193 2,475 4,045 1/ In principal commercial producing States. Includes peas grown for seed and peas harvested dry. 2/ Bags of 100 pounds (cleaned). Crop Production, USDA, AMS, issued monthly. - 43 - TVS-133 JULY 1959 UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA I lllllllll lllllillllll II1111111l6 ll09 6 71 2 1II7 3 1262 09060 7127 U. S. Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. POSTAGE AND FEES PAID U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE OFFICIAL BUSINESS NOTICE I you no lang ed this publication, check here 7 return this sheet, and your name ll be dropped from the mailing list. I your address should be changed, write the new address on this sheet and return the whole sheet to: Adrinistrattve Services Division (ML) Agricultural Marketing Service U. S. Department of Agriculture Washington 25, D. C. |
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