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OPPOSITE POSTOFFICE
EUROPEAN PLAN
DE SOTO HOTEL
PARKER HOTEL Co., OWNERS.
GREEN & TURNER,
MANAGERS
TAMPA, FLORIDA
__19
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Progressive Agriculture in Florida.
by P. H. Rolfs
Gentlemen of the Rotary Club and Visitors:
I am indeed delighted to be with you tonight and gave the
-honor of addressing such a distinguished company. These are not
merely the perfunctory remarks to which an intelligent audience
is entitled. Being a member of the Rotary Club and having caught
the spirit o'f Rotary I am not only pleased to meet men of the high-
e
est standing in the community, but to find myself before an audience
whose ideals and aims are the same as that of the speaker. It
puts us on an easy basis before beginning. I have always found
the Rotary audience the easiest to address because of their altruistic
ideals and aims.
FLORIDA AGRICULTURE
When we speak of Florida agriculture we have in mind that
large amount of work which has for its object the production of'
food material from Nature's own laboratory. This is indeed the
most magnificently equipped and constructed laboratory that man has
ever entered. Has it ever occurred to you that Nature has most,
* 2
wonderfully wrought out results that transcend our imagination?
People have delved in the soil for eons upon eons but it has been
deferred until the later day races to make the beginning of the
real understanding of our soils, and the alchemy that is going on
in them. Naturally many hypotheses had to be set up and tested
before man's brain could evolve, the correct e Books upon
books have been written, extending back thousands of years. By
gradual and painful toil knowledge has accumulated and passed on
from one human being to another, until now it requires several
volumes of large extent to reproduce all that has been learned
about a single plant. I doubt.if anyone would be so daring
as to attempt to collect all of the information extant that ight
be found regarding a half dozen of our most widely cultivated
crpps. Yet with all of the exact learning, is it not surprising
how little actually is known about any one crop, to say nothing
of farming in general? I have frequently made the remark before
audiences ,that were it possible to eliminate all of the mis-beliefs
an(d false theories we-would at one sweep make more progress than
any generation that had preceded as. In the language of Josh
Billings, XmigX&1 XKXI it should be said, "I would rather not
know quite so much, than to know so many things that are not so."
Florida has long been the land that has 7iven free rein to
region
the imagination. Our first written story of the H~SE tells us
Ponce de Leon
that 3JSMia came here in search of the Fountain of ImmortalYouth.
In our old geographies and our old histories that we studied in
the public schools we find Florida associated with cypress swamps
without end, alligators and crocodiles without limit in number and
gigantic as icheosaurs ?
his imagination
Even the present day adventurer. hase come to Plorida,XUS has
peopled the region with reptiles unnumbered, with razor-backs of
excruciating forms, with piney woods cattle having only two dimen-
sions length and breadth and with oranges growing from every
scrub oak in sight. His usual opinion of the population is that
they are physically shiftless and mentally indolent.- And his opinion
so
of the soil is that it is XPI poor you could not raise either an
umbrella or a disturbance on it.
The foregoing description is as it appears to some
people. Others regard it as a land of plenty where no one works,
not even "father". And yet that the land abounds in plenty and
all he has to do is to exercise a half a dozen of his brain cells
to make it a veritable El Dorado. Neither of these descriptions
fit the situation in the least particular. You could not add them
and divide by two because both factors represent zero, and only
mathematicians have a sufficiently vivid imagination to demonstrate
by mathematical formulae that there are zeroes differing in size.
Has it ever occurred to you that from a climatic stand-
point Florida is most favorably located of any part of the United
States? In studying ancient history you have learned that some
of the greatest civilizations that the world has ever seen arose
in climates very comparable to ours. Probably the oldest of any
civilization was that of Ninevah; they were undoubtedly civiliza-
tions earlier than that but they are less perfectly known. The
climate of that region is such as to produce many crops that we grow
in Florida. Egypt has long been considered the wonder of ancient
history. I need only to mention Greece and Rome in passing.
The soils of Florida have frequently been made the scape-
gaat for man's indifference and his desire to get along without
muscular exercise or brain energy. Any kind of an excuse is better
than none at all, seems to be the general motto. Yet with modern
day agriculturists we find that soils may be so transmuted that the
most abundant crops can be grown on what was formerly thought to
be the most sterile of regions. We have only to look at the map
of Europe and we will see a small peninsula jutting northward
into the North Sea. This peninsula is called Denmark. As late as
1870 this sand spit was considered so worthless that even the
warrAg nations of Europe did not care to annex it. After about
forty years of patient toil, the Danes have made this region one
of the most prosperous and densely settled portions of Europe.
While we were running after big business and robbing our Southern
soils of fertility, the Danes were quietly picking up our cotton
seed meal and acid-phosphate. But we do not have to go so far afield
to find definite illustrationsof what industry coupled with gray
matter will produce. Somewhere I saw the motto.. on the wall
saying that KXIA science is only organized common sense. If that
is true, the farmers that I am about to refer to are certainly
to be classed among the scientists. Where will you find anywhere
else in the world that soil which analyzes 99.44% sand and insolu-
ble matter being sold as agri cultural lands? And yet this is
the case with our pineapple lands on the East Coast. Take again
the soils around Hastings. In my short span of life I have seen
the land there sell for the timber ihat was on it for 25 cents an
acre. And after the timber was taken off it was not considered
worth paying the taxes on. Yet today you would have to pay anywhere
raw
from $75 to $150 per acre for fXXd lands favorably located.
I want tonight to discuss particularly some specific
problems that are of immediate and special interest to us all.
It would be the easiest possible thing for me to occupy the entire
evening in discussing special crops. If I wereto start on citrus
culture it wo ld be possible to discuss only a very limited portion
of that subject. It would be the easiest subject on which to arouse
interest and discussion. Were I to take the subject of truck
growing it would give me time to say very little about it. As a
matter of fact it has taken over 300 printed pages for me to
tell in my book "Subtropical Vegetable Growing" how it should be
done. I am preferring, however to take a much more difficult
subject, and one SSSt on which printed matter is very difficult
to obtain, and then only in a frag entary way. I am referring to
the question of general agriculture, and especially as it pertains
to Hillsboro County. I want if possible to bring before you a slear
understanding of the general agricultural situation as you are facing
Sfi ures and
it. In this connection I have some of the most interesting7/Iata
In November, 1913, nearly a year before the beginning
of the European War, the United States passed from an exporting
nation to an importing nation, so far as our food was concerned.
We imported thousands of bushels of corn from South America. We im-
ported hundred of thousands of bushels of wheat from Canada. We im-
ported beef from South America. Under normal world conditions by
the present time we would be a nation of heavy importers of food
it 8
stuff. Nefer again in the history of the Untfied States werwil
see the time when the United States is not'paying a premium to at-
tract food stuffs from other countries. Our present crop production
was induced by artificial stimulation and under natural and normal
trade conditions we must adjust ourselves to the changed world con-
dition.
I remember making a trip to the Pacific Coast about ten
years ago and in Oregon I read a large bulletin board saying "this
is the last West". The Ia+d conditions in the United Statesas.e
such that only in the South do we have any large unoccupied fertile
land areas. Our crop development must take place in the South-
eastern United States. Florida is the least developed of the
Southern States, and yet has before it the greatest possibilities.
The SA te of Florida has within it a varied soil condition. Careful
estimate shows that we are cpocupying only about 8% -or 10% of the
area for farm purposes. As we have about 60% of our area repre-
senting good farm lands, it will be seen at a glance that we can
support at least six times our present population without materially
changing our methods of farm operation. In other words, we can
support a population of six to ten million people without KIN
MIIXXiXcrowding. This development will take place with the
earnest cooperation and splendid coordinat&nn that is the dominant
key note of our present development in Florida. It will require
the earnest study of the farm problems by the most active and in-
tCLligent citizens of our State. This cooperation and coordina-
tion has already been foreshadowed in the work of the last ten years.
4h Cooperation and coordination has brought about some most splendid
results. The southern United States in the last ten years has
made enormous strides forward. If the South has made phenomenal
strides, what shall we say about Florida? I told you sometime
ago that I would not talk on citrus. You already know what splendid
work you have done in this direction. I will not talk about truck
growing because everybody in the.United States knows that Florida
is the winter g e- -e-use for the United States,. I want to talk
about the farm animals. In the last decade the horses in Florida
have increased 34% iia number, being almost double the percent of in-
crease occurring in its nearest competitor. In the way of S1SS mules
I3KI her increase has been 52%; her nearest competitor is Arkansas
with an increase of 41%. In the increase in milk cows she IlK
is exceeded by only one state, Louisiana, Florida having an in-
crease of 28% while Louisiana has an increase of 30%. In the in-
crease in other cattle on the farm she stands fourth. It iq, how-
r "-ever in the increase in hog production that Florida stands out par-
ticularly strong. She hasd made an increase of 86% while her near-
Miss.
est competitor,XXAI EfM, has increased only 76%.
I have given you these few statistics as they bring the
condition more vividly to your mind than could be done in any other
way. i4 *
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