ETbf-, LI "-\ .Feb. 13, 1914.
EX7TNFSIOx WORK IN AGRICULTURE
AS A METHOD OF PHEVERTING
POVERTY
i by
P. Ii. ROLFS.
Mr. Chairman of the Conference of Charities
and Correction, Ladies and Gentlemen:--
Introduction
I wish to congratulate you on the splendid work
tO b done for the State of Florida. You have
your se3 f-ir.,posed
entered into ~W e duties with the zeal that character-
Ize; enthusiasts. May this enthusiasm, never grow less
but continue, and become more and more infectious until
I consider
it has permeated our entire social fabric'. There is no
greater work for the betterment of the human race than
tnat which has its foundation in the study of the unfortu-
nates and the causes leadingup to their misfortune.
Poverty is a diseased condition of our civic'units
as anaemia is a diseased condition of our physical bodies.
'*/
2
Not one person in a ma331 on wou3d voluntarily become
a public charge, or m 'become so poverty stricken as
to be unable to pay his own iay corrp3bte3y. I know,
a
however, that in spite-oghCb3 .o this r- too larPge per-,
Sdeha-i^n of our population find themselves in a condi-
what I regard -as the
tion where they cannot maintain Ae greatest of a31
A
privileges, iOLrLMR -
M~.bA g..g. BtH) the power of rpylng for a3l
they need in the w-y of food, clothing ,nl shelter.
The study of the prevention and anel oration of
poverty has been most largs3y. confined to our populous
because the
centers. Thile 1i .9 -- con-
Tmakl:ng for poverty Manifest there
d tons are most apparent 1ad 1a-,11 n--nmj r si--.d-
Thli conditions
u1P-aemmf- -malKes it possible to stid'y those in a
communal or aggregate wy-aya toa.Bb- better advantage
than can be done in our rural districts. Lack of nu-
tritious food, ant of clothing :ad insufficient shel-
.
. 3
ter do occur in rural districts, even in F36rida.
The poverty stricken country people, sooner or later,
gravitate toward the more populous centers and there
become public charge,
That the cities grow by accretions from the
rural population is too we3) known to'need more than
mention -aStiL4a= at-. The annual accessions from
the country are very great. And whil-e there is more
or loss of variation from year to year the stream
of country people to the cities is a continuous one,
and -emeMatW has attracted the attention of every
writer on civic problems.,
A study of country life problems shows that mi-
gration to the cities is largely brought about by
poverty on the farm on the one hand, and on the other.
the promise of more comfortable conditions in the
cii A study of county ife probe
cities. A WuG close study of country life problems
p f. iP
Made by a commission several years ago showed pretty
conclusively that poverty, or lack.of comforts ade
-igWga on the farm was as great a factor in driving the
young and amddle-aged to the cities as was the allure-
ment of more remunerative employment. Any organized
effort that wi3 make country life more attractive
will have a direct and imrmdlate effect in reducing
the poverty in the cltu-o
The statements made in nYi introductory paragra'ih
have been so thoroughly ard fuly discussed, n the
magazines that a mere mention of them is
suf ficlent. toar)n&-. An iauoh a gp-Iot
/
'4 0aegnCy 25fmafnne46^-Ben tensionn work in
keeps 3abor on the farm and
agriculture is a '' potent factor in guarding
against poverty. Technically A-t extension work of
the Tklversity includes all of thie activities Rto
rt -tat outside of the confines
S. 5
of the C ampus. -e fttension .work, therefore, is
q-ssumed
not confined to agriculture as it is Usua3ly4 .ughT-off.
Extension Work
3iJtension work in agriculture dates brack to a
rather early period in the .iftory of our nation. I
have no Intention of'dwe31ing on tle historic -S
of it. I wisrP tq emphasize the fact that agrlc:utura]
extension is no new-fangled something. It is system
that has been developed by a painstaking and 3aborlous
process sm many years alii. It is d1f -
ferent from 1
that. it has been vitalized and made were applicable
.tF-theprdblems of today as tiey occur in agricu3tural
oonmanzities,
*The fxtensin work ;n our University has a rather
broad soope. It had its incipiency of course in the
Farmers' Institute work fifteen years ago. -he nmney
that was used Ser that par-oe rajlsy had to be ser-
reptitiously tak6n from funds under the control of
the institution. Possibly this was not exactly a
mora3 way of starting the work, but those in authority
knew that work of this lind hasd to be done .an as
there was no protest raised against it, the work was
carried on. It a8naa-toe-e as late as 3901 before
the Legislature of Florida was winning to appropriate
money 'for carrying-on the Parmers' Institutes in the
in a. systematic and consecutive way.
State. S~a that'period the work has been going
forward vigorously and has given most excellent results.
She farming ,element of any country is the conserv-
ative portion of the population. -T-eity-portinnB nt
nation seems to be more of a-radica3 turA^of mind.
This does not that some Statea do not have more
radical agriculturisat-thlan other but for the main
PAT w
*a
of the so1i, ye find revolutions few. Changes there
are bought about rather by evolution/., -..iv.L
Farmers* Institutes
y work of o organizing and carrying forward the
Farmers' Institute work in PJorlda was, therefore, ex-
tremely gratifying, and somewhat surprising to yrself.
In 1908 we held 42 sessions, attendance 4,+491
S1909 54 5,576
1910 122 a 9,021
2911 351 13,922
S1912 117 & Farmers' Insti-
tute train, att. 32,600-
a -I
The Farmers' Institute squad visitSvarious
counties In the State and holds meetings at the dif-
ferent places where local cooperation can be obtained.
These meetings ~gat from a half day to three days in
.length. Instruction' Is given at the various meetings
8 '
as to how the beat crop are raised. special stress
'being laid upon t .ose points inwhich the farmers are
weakest.
Farmers' Cooperative Demonstration Weot
In 39, ; another line of extension work was In-
troduced into the nftate of Forida. This was under a
fund placr'd at the disposm- of .r. BeSanm A. Knap, b
Sthe Southern Muucation Board. It wil) be renem.bered
That t.'s 1Board hiad a very considerable fund Rt its dis-
ro sa for t'e -betterment of social conditions in the
SSouth. Dr -Seaman A. riapp Was comniasiond-l by t.ls
Boara. to ;tudy thideeuc tiona3 problems of the South
and advise tie Board as to the best methioys to be aoropt-
ed for Advancinc' education In t .he South. After agdag
im investigat-4, Dr. Ktnapp made hi- recorunendations.
,. *J~.r~psaa;e Zt OM-'4 f-
w r'-. s ** ..
.
a*.'ag i tie askbad -S aWPP what wouIld be
tni 1best way -v winetihr It should be experned 18 the
betterment of collogfe and universities. Ie saald Mo,
the South had a number o lnistittl Ons of this chr--
acteriand so far as coulC be aeorn rom careful -inves-
tigatlon it would rapearr tni.t t;.ey7 ~d a 3ulficlont
amount of mr:ney for carrying on t-e nrl;. 'Ie mtin lif-
fiocu3ty with these institutions was that t.yey had so
ama83 an attendance. Saome of the boardd :a tested tlat
po~elib2y It would be be t to expend tVlsl fnd i1 the
b ettemnent of tbe grrvd and nd h1lg sct ools. IHere a-rain
-ltaaasn~iei aes that t.Dere were rnanny good graded
and high schools in the South,but thi.nt the attenianrce
on theOm o-rs vo.y saal]. S'one one else suggested tliat
posalb3y the best rty to send the money woul3 be to
u pbunld the rural schools. 'Here again the investigi-
lion showed that whl3o the aSouth needad-any rural
: {.! .
,1^' ., ,. ''-
'110
IO '
aohoola it already- had many of them butathese were
pootry attended. This seemed to lead right to the
point that there was absoluteJly nothing that could be
.done, arfln-wjfl. But Dr. Knapp was equal to the
occasion and responded that there was somet)i-ng that
cou3d be done which would be extrer-ely valuable. and,
that was to educate tre farmers Iow to mak:e more money
from their farms. They would then ril3 u the coun-
try ohcoola, the country schools would f131 the graded
schools, and this in turn would lead to a great in-
oroase in the attendance on colleges and universities.
S The Southern lEucation B.'ard immediately Instructed Dr.
" Knap to-formulate and: organize a p3an of work that
would be successful .in teaching the farmers how to raise
larger crops and make more money. Concident with
wa e cotton boll'
'. I
3"
"weeVi in the western portion of Texas. It beorQe in-
oreasing~v necessary for this region to be taught how
to diver siy tneir rearing operations, ninr.e tleir
maintenance crop, cotton,- had beOn destroyed by tlis
pest. nI-a 3908 th e Hon A. S. Meflar, of Min sisSrji1i,
waa sent to Florida to organize the Farmers' Cefopera-
tive Demonstration Work. T'-e Farmers'. Institutes and.
workers
CO'operatlve Djemont iti,on r aLcted :.,In unison
for t, e bettcrmnnt of farrin:m conditions in i'']oriria.
The Dobopertlivo Demonatr-A.tion work in being carriM.
on in 24 counties In the state. The County Deronstra-
torn are practioa3 farmers in toh counties ryho visit
30 to 75 atfrer.nt fr-ers in te county givinR tjiem
Triva'e invitructlon in the methods or bettor f:. 1ing
and eatablsiishtr with them arneonstration plots to I3-
lustrate t: e advantage'. racruing from ne new agiri-
culture. To xmate the *est of greatest fo~co, from
one to ten acres of the gener 3 fe3O l er taken and
treated as-per-instructions of the County Agent.
The ft3rmer tVm*s4 tre genera] flo3d ra a check -and
can at once see tWe advantage of tVe new agriciuture.
The average e orn production on the demonstration
pots laut year was a hundred per cent. greater than
the aver corn production for the Strate.
women's Institutes
In March. 1911, was hb33 )t)e first Tyor:en s In-
stAtute in F3oridaa/ This world, like sone of the pro-
Vious work, had to Tbe entered into .wit: a Rgreat leal
of caution and not without jnisglixinrgs. Ye credit
for launching and carylingr out t~4ei*ark successfully
is due to Mre. Judge .ShackJoford, of Tal3lassee, whlo,
with the proper spirit of zeal endured the discomforts .
I 3
and embarrassment Incident to suoh work, and he3pea
4. 4
to start 1- oft properly. Since that time the work has
grown apace, and- now has become an important feature of
the -Extension work among the rural peoplee.
Boys' :.ad Girls' Clubs
In aidltion to the rural work mentioned above
we must not forget to nake u.ention of trie Boys' Corn
O3ubs which are organized in several Countles of the
State, nid inspire the ..toys rith love for the farm
and awaken in tnei interest in the production of. bet-
ter crops. Along witli tills work of tne Boys' Corn Clubs
was inaugurate. the work o0' Girls' Tomato Clubs,
which is revo3utlonizing the home economics in many
farm homes.
Effects of Extension Work
The organltbg of the Farmers' Institutes was em-
barrassed.by many difficultibs., The amount allotted
I
J. I
-. 2 4
for thiib. J=ftam was $2500 for the first year. or an "
average of $50 for eao,. county. 4tg xrendrlo in a
county would b- 1.kicaly to maie' no pTrceptibl.e impres-
ilon upon the agriculture., HIcre'er, by arranging .
m atters 'In Osmch a way ra to IpHsJtnO tQ. CLdnds as eare-
Sfu3.y as poDisblb3e, an directing attention to one vita3
point. a very decided Improsalon wa-; raeh. The ener-
S gles of-the Farners' Institute squad, a]so the ener-
&*'-I
gles of the Parn Demonstration wok.r were directed
largely If.not entirely to the production or 'toe and
[ :. ... --*
better corn. Let us see to *Tha.t extent Vthe 4r m -
igre of Flort, a acted upon the recommendations and
-y. r / / _
CtI-- "e ihe orop. of abn in 3907 was
3- 5 I00J 0 busnae m, th-e average production per anre
S being 9.6 'bel"ea s. After going t.hrougt, tne itg ati f/
t toldent to the Farmers* Institutes of the winter of
35
3907-08, thbo average production or corn was increased
to 30.5 bubtels per acre, and tnus by graona3 steps it
Izs gone up untl3 It has now roacned 35- bushels' per
acre, or a total cont production ofr 0,225,000 busliels
and a total valuation of at 3feIst c.o0,000,00ooo.we
other words corn has -rogressed fron a very low position
as an arriou3tura3 or'p In V3orida unti] it is second
only to the cit.rs crop.
SJust rhvft ,vold hwe bo:n tie condition at tile
present tire bh.ru t'03en
present time hJ l these two vcennles ir! the ntate -
Me Farmers' Institutes ani the Panr lDenonstrati..n world: -
, divided tneir attention armng-a great imny difrrerent ag-
riocu3tur-3 problWeI, is difficult to sky. fult it is
pretty certain that tw-e-SSio*t4 wo)u have bien wasted.
The ParTm Demonstratlon wort at present covers Jp 24
S, Counties. The Pa'mers' Insttute' .or,enrtered 40
C counties this year. At a33 of these meetings, either
!../ -
ed
directly or indrirhtly the gospe3 of better corn
a
production is preached. Tne farmer woi can produce a
good Smoe- crop can ~.aso produce a mict better crop of
anything e3se. -*we keop hls eye on better cnr1 and I!e
never gets It-away from a (ig?. rinr:.
Centralizi g Extension Work
This year opens a new era in the Extension work
of t e university of Florida. Arrangements have been
perfected w ere y a.1] the energies in the direction or
agri:ultura3 .extension work, til be centered at -Gatef-
3c. lThe Department of Agriculture, ccope-ating wi
with us. has appointed as State Aent Professor C. K.
MpO(~,rrie, who will give a33 of his ti e to the direc-
tion of tVis work. le rhas with Din two able assistants
Who eaoh have a district of then State to'superiiitdnd.
T -e BoyS' Corn Club work w13) be carried on through
4 ;. 17
the work of the Gounty Agents, wtlle the Girls' Canning
CS3bes wi3, be under the direct. supervision of tiss Harris
of the Woman's Co3lege, Who In turn becomes directly
responsible to Profeasor 1cGQiarrie for the carrying
out of the work.
Result, and Conelusion
SBoe one'r.-y askl, wnat h 33 tW, s t!s o do with the.
Smatter of preventir4g poverty. I Vl33 sho. yoo ;a3early
in a minute that t!1is is an extremn3y important factor
-in the natter. -.aZ..*_a..gaa jnhsni the abort tine
between 3908 and 393 4 or a-p eriod of six years, tne
vaone of the corn or6p has rien -from $3,409,000 to
Si 0,3 0,000, that is, t s has increased 4aront -E00O Inn
v* ue. .it mrans -ti.at t6,73,000o ils being distributed,
among about 40,000 0'arn b.oinco. This jineanaonmre for
t'he retention p' .ctitve yotg Jnen :nd younx wo.meen on the
farms thini couifd have bso. aaoccmi3shli y Wtn other
means. It means butter roo s.. Letter school, better
oiurches, betterjoia ese, -- the last, the most important
Qa azll factors in keeping people fro crowding Into
the cities. This n7,63 000o of money, prod uced on tre
A
-farm Is rea33y worth! morre t1av tlhe aiiount slnified by
the selling price, saA it hlcans irore and better food,
Fas corn enters very larf tly .into eo~ diet. It means
more hogs, more poultry, imre eggs and more nilk. This
4$6,723,000 wortn of corn la consumed on the 'sarm. It
S gbes to the betteriiient of tie 'arma and of farmxn living.
S So srO.i21 percentage of this enters the oomierclal
ca annpe3s that it ia negl.lgib3e. The increased pro-
'. auction per acre was 50o.- Tlls sti-ulated increase in
II
S acreage sufflotently to increase tie total production
/,. 1
by 130%. The value of r e crop Increased 0 oo, ut
the Increase In prie- of corn had on3y a minor effect
S since so little enters commercial charuie's.
Loet us study t,:lis' question a 31it'te fxrt,.er. In 3900
i "' Iy tIA 1 t-.t 0n Cengun silo"?o t. t E'',r1' ftar fr iDy
in ..or.i ,:r C -.l3G o1 r c., in. : ']:9. r.t.nt-..t per
(j.. L.L,"
yo-,frt t .Fat 1.; t ;i,,o :;;.,ro TT*.I.- .'li:t f ,r r.'o~ lr int y *'.Q
a di'y:. 7n .r i -tc.onui .' oT 1-., y
.'rt- cL-rt i 'i!3.' j'o:,tij"'io( !- 3,;--rV:.; -: t ,i"L' : .'r "*-t, .' ,- ]--
5.1!7 3m1 i-,7,nqmcft at-. n -;.3.1' cr .a.' tli c?.. e,/ ,-m :-.e ;,e could
..r....n 0 to ;.7 .00 p ';.r 'J.T-. Tyi ]. 3"' ,i; ,,e orti crop
al::- ', R 'dre 0 ;o t:c..' 1. ':;i .,.:'. 17r i. r t] 't, "r.:- ;s "cro.i ,cin, s, ec-
tloi re ,,.i..-cd w,.* t,: cf .';290. 57:.it. o:. ror .-a.lone
iaed 250, tni the 'walt: ;vr..jucin 'ro,',.r no 0e3oi rfardlly.
'Njrj trief om;t.line f a -1. rt of. te xteion rork
lo.'T!? v Cpr.' c 3',e r y t at. Ji .:27-t' -V U.-..i ..3 of fl iir )]3 ra -s ent
:urutal)y for PEXton.ioi '7or i_:; -t'.trn 1,: r ) i3lions
annuaJ33y to the n.T'.i,..y l-ut- J..ro-regC,.3ivO. ;,?'..re of the
State. I *-i. glaj .to nt,,.d leoroe yoI '.itoirght i.tia shnow
you wM.ht tY.e ,.7'r:r1: has d l:n.. r Or "xtr.-.'.wi .-.fu penetrate
iLt u11 study t;'l, quei tion :t litt.]e -.rtJ:er. In 3 (O0
tne linited -StRten C lnln 3- o'r- t. 2n. eR. f-Tr ., 13ly
d
in .."
-* t / 'e
*' *- *', "* ** /
the mount, i?,acoeosible planes in t.e State, often riding
mlils over the worst kind of rotd. -.T!'ey are rarovy .sen
Ji the wealth' nid populous centers. If you rere t
fo33ow us you would often sleep in unconlfortab]3 be s;
i
eat roorly preprtred fcy;si;, pepam; lrnder olk treo.or li-i any
other place where the farVrier, are Twil) iniR to I ston
to the gofr.e) of a bett,.r agricu3ture.
*
Se b Feb.3, I
EXTENSION WORK IN AGRICULTURE
AS A METHOD OF PREVENTING
POVERTY
by
P IT. ROLFS, f4 ( m-.*- d
Mr. Chairman of th e- 8eenerene t -- Ta't'eT
r "l aaazai Ladies and Gentlemen:--
I wish to congratulate you on the splendid work
4 6 Axn done for the State of Florida. You have
entered into tBeX tes with the zeal that character-
izes enthusiasts. May this enthusiasm never grow less.
but continue, and become more and more infectious ..until
it has permeated our entire social fabric. There is no
greater work for the betterment of the human race than
that which has its foundation in the study of the unfortu-
nates and the causes leading up to their misfortune.
Poverty is a diseased condition of our civic units
as anaemia is a diseased condition of our physical bodies.
Not one person in a mil ion would voluntarily become
a public charge, or 4 become so poverty stricken as
to be unable to pay his own way completely. I know,
however, that in spite of ia' y large pe-
of ur population find themselves in a condi-
tion where they cannot maintain trs greatest of all
privileges.- *A- bu J iit, k.-l-. ia
fo"o firom --ot Q" liAi the power of paying for all
ze need in the way of food, clothing and shelter.
I'\ )
The study of the preverttion and amelioration of
poverty has been most largely confined to our populous
centers. This is de to the fa.t tht hr'c con-
;,' ..' .,
dztions are most apparent and mit .ooly aggrogatd.
14 t~ihrees- makes it possible to study t~ese in a
communal or aggregate way ea- to ar better advantage
than can be done in our rural districts. Lack of nu-
tritious food, want of clothing and insufficient shel-
ter occur in rural districts, even in Florida.
The poverty-stricken country people, sooner or later,
gravitate toward the more populous centers and there
become Z public charge~
That the cities grow by accretions from the rural
population is too well known to need more than mention.
%t t-41, u-tit. The annual accessions from the coun-
try are very great. And while there is more or less
of A variation from year to year, the stream of country
people to the cities is a continuous one, and aQgsaat
has attracted the attention of every writer on civic
problems.
A study of country life problems shows that mi-
gration to.the cities is largely brought about by
poverty on the farm on the one hand, and on the other/' 4
; the promise of more comfortable conditions in the cit-
ies. A 40BW close study of country life problems
4.
made by a commission several years ago showed ia
conclusively that poverty, or lack of comforts g
AgCt, on the farm was as great a factor in driving the
young and middle-aged to the cities as was the allure-
ment of more remunerative employment. Any organized
effort that will make country life more attractive
will have a direct and immediate effect in reducing
the poverty in the citjL .
The statements made in iy introductory paragraph
have been so thoroughly and fully discussed in the
magazines and pwpas that a mere mention of them is
sufficientAe-brg-tef egeter sae-a
ecay- s h T~nm ti an tt O extension work in
agr cu re is a y potent factor in guarding
against poverty. Technically toe;extension work of
the University includes all of te aities
hare Ao.lin.. wlth ~ "gt't- outside of the confines
i~ c ~ '(S) ^ /e C-z .r'y >__ y J^
\~;- ^ / ,
,, ,, / w*/. ^ ~ ,
tr ^3c--- .^<-< tf-**^y-iLe
*
k. ** .*
I
I I
1 ~ < .. "* ;
of the Carmpus. 'ae Extension work, therefore, is
not confined to agriculture as it is usually tetught of.
Extension Work
Extension work in agriculture dates back to a
rather early period in the history of our nation. I
have no intention of dwe3ling on the historic side e
*. I wish to emphasize the fact that agricultural
extension is no new-fangled qppthing. It is system
that has been developed by a painstaking and laborious
process k _ng-r many years, aAe. It is dif-
ferent from tfhat- wih ha ire
/vj that it has been vitalized and made aswe 1l ke
the problems of today as they occur in agricultural
conununit ies.
The Extension work in our University has a rather
IQ
broad scope. It had its ri~*enetyof course. in the
Farmers' Institute work fifteen years ago. The money '
*~ .. '
.l
6
that was AWd for th. rp. YV W .LYAad to be ser-
reptitiously taken from funds under the control of
the institution. Possibly this was not exactly a
moral way of starting the work, but those in authority
knew that work of this kind had to be done and as
there was no protest raised against it, the work was
qra-c
carried on. It `oomI +to b as late as 1907 before
the Legislature of Florida was willing to appropriate
money for carrying on the Farmers' Institutes in the
44A< a- ,LsC-' 4 4i- *2
State. rtPm- that period l the ork has been going
forward vigorously and has given most excellent results."
The farming element of any country is the conserv
active portion of the population. .e-ei it4y --poirtl -of ,
-d. iclu --sccm to be more of a radical turn ef mind. m'
-Thiz 'OCo ncat ji"lur LiL'CLL ~u~u [ d.3 fl'n t jc1V A mj
rad3oa agrimtculturetM th th ut limrain
of the aoi1, wi flid--r-volut-on- Changes there
.' '. -..* ^ *r-!/ .. '^.. ... *.
:are brought about rather by evolution.,^ !* ,
Farmers' Institutes
My work of organizing and carrying forward the
Farmers' Institute work in Florida was, therefore, ex-
tremely gratifying, and somewhat surprising to myself.
In 1908 we held 42 sessions, attendance 4,491
1909 ". 514 a I 5,576
1910 u 122 9,021
1911 U n' 151 13,922
1912 117 & Farmers' Insti-
tute train, att. 32,600
The Farmers' Institute squad visit various
counties in the State and hold meetings at the dif-
ferent places where local cooperation can be obtained..
A
These meetings 2mst from a half day to three days in-
length. Instruction is given at the various meetings
as to how the best crops are raised, special stress
being laid upon those points in which the farmers are
weakest.
Farmers' Cooperative Demonstration Work
In 19o0 another line of extension work was in-
troduced into the State of Florida. This was under a
fund placed at the disposal of Dr. Seaman A. Knapp by
the Southern Education Board. It will be remembered
that tiis Board had a very considerable fund at its dis-
posal for the betterment of social conditions in the
South.. Dr Seaman A. Knapp was commissioned by this
Board to study the educational problems of the South
and-advise the Board as to the best methods to be adopt-
ed for advancing education in the South. After amnrR
. investigatwm-s, Dr. Knapp made IR recommendations.
X A t i e .
IAP 1Q^ w
uas. za eLsS. 4by asked _i- pp what would be
the best way whether it should be expended in the
betterment of colleges and universities. He said, No,
.',/the South had a number of institutions of this char-
acterjand so far as could be seen from careful inves-
tigation it would appear that they had a sufficient
amount of money for carrying on the work. The main dif-
A
faculty with these institutions was that they had so
small an attendance. Some Vt the Board suggested that
possibly it would be best to expend this fund in the
betterment of the graded and high schools. Here again
Sr~ag plartr he -Rt that there were many good graded
and high schools in the South but that the attendance
on them was v4a small. Some one else suggested that
possibly the best way to spend the money would be to
upbuild the rural schools. Here again the investiga-
tion showed that while the South needed gaW rural
schools it already had many of them %aaRftL e were
poorly attended. This seemed: to lead right to the
point that there was absolutely nothing that could be
done, f-t.ts wek. But Dr. Knapp was equal to the
occasion and responded that there was something that
could be done which would be extremely valuable, and
that was to educate the farmers how to maker are money
from their farms. They would then fill up the coun-
try schools, the country schools would fill the graded
schools, and this in turn would lead to a great In-
crease in the attendance on colleges and universities.
The Southern Education Board immediately instructed Dr.
Knapp to formulate and organize a plan of work that
would be successful in teaching the farmers how to raise
larger crops and make more money. Coincident with
this ~, iiip wt was the agsMt of the cotton boll
weevil in the western portion of Texas. It became in-
creasinglynecessary for this region t~ be taught how
to divers their farming operations, since their
maintenance crop, cotton, had been destroyed by "h68s
pest. In 1908 the Hon A. S. Me arg, of Mississippi,
was sent to Florida to organize the Farmers' Coopera-
A
tive Demonstration Work. The Farmers' Institutes and
Cooperative Demonstration Work acted oapi a tJr gy
for the betterment of farming conditions in Florida.
The Cooperative Demonstration work is being carried
on in 24 counties in the State. The County Demonstra-
tors are practical farmers in the counties who visit
30 to 75 different farmers in the County, giving them
private instruction in the methods of better farming
and establishing with them demonstration plots to il-
lustrate the advantages accruing from the new agri-
.-6 ..
... l, ... .*'-1--**
culture. To make the 4eet of greatest foaee, from
one to ten acres of the general field eA taken and
-IA- ea- a -v.-a--4- u. A
treated ae-per instructions of the County Agent.
The farmer thLua eb tie general field as a check and
can at once see the advantage of the new agriculture.
The average corn production oa the demonstration
plots last year was a ndred per cent. greater than
the average corn production for the State.
Women's Institutes
In March, 1911,(was held the first Women's In-
stitute in Floridag This work, like some of the pre-
vious work, had to be entered into with a great deal
of caution and not without misgivings. The credit
for launching and carrying out AAk successfully
is due to Mrs. Judge Shackleford, of Tallahassee, who,
with the proper spirit of zeal endured the discomforts
and embarrassment incident to such work, and helped
to start it off properly. Since that time the work has
grown apace and now has become an important feature of
the Extension Work among the rural people.
Boys' and Girls' Clubs
In addition to the rural work mentioned above
we must not forget to make mention of the Boys' Corn
Clubs which are organized in several Counties of the
State, and inspire the boys with love for the farmJ
and awaken in them interest in the production of bet-
ter crops. Along with this work of the Boys' Corn ClubE
was inaugurated the work of Girls' Tomato Clubs,
which is revolutionizing the home economics in many
farm homes.
Effects of Extension Work
The organizing of the Farmers' Institutes as em-
barrassed by many difficulties. The amount allotted
for this eabM1 was *2500 for the first year, or an
average of $50 for each County. / 4 @ expended in LTh1L
AA
county would be likely to make no perceptible impres-
sion upon the agriculture. However, by arranging
matters in such a way as to husband the funds as tare-
fully as possible, and directing attention to one vital
point, a very decided impression was made. The ener-
gies of the Farmers' Institute squad, also the ener-
gies of the Farm Denonstration work, were directed
largely if not entirely to the production of more and
better corn. Let us see to what extent the 0 pstua-
M=e of Florida acted upon the recommendations and
,thi ,ait.n. ,The crop of corn in 1907 was
4,351,000 bushels, the average production per acre
i
being 9,6 bushels. After going through the
incident to the Farmers' Institutes of the winter of
'*- *"
uS''
1907-08, the average production of corn was increased
to 10.5 bushels per acre, and thus by gradual steps it
has gone up until it has now reached 15+ bushels per
acre, or a total corn production of 10,125,000 bushels
and a total valuation of at least $10,000,000, ew n
other words corn has progressed from a very low position
as an agricultural crop in Florida until it is second
only to the citrus crop.
Just what would have been the condition at the
present time had these two agencies in the State -
The Farmers' Institutes and the Farm Demonstration work -
divided their attention among a great many different ag-
ricultural problems, is difficult to say. But it is
pretty certain that thec ffoatoould have been wasted.
The Farm Demonstration work at present covers a:y- 24
Counties. The Farmers' Institute work entered 40 1
Counties this year. At all of these meetings, either
'~~~: / ..-*
directly or indirectly the gospel of better corn
production is preached. The farmer who can produce a
good or~ P can also produce a much better crop of
anything else. We keep his eye on better corn and he
never gets it away from a high mark..
Centralizing Extension Work
This year opens a new era in the Extension work
of the University of Florida. Arrangements have been
perfected whereby all the energies in the direction of
agricultural extension work will be centered at Besa s-
i-vae/ The Department of Agriculture, cooperating wit
with us, has appointed as State Agent Professor C. K.
McQuarrie, who will give all of his time to the direc-
tion of this work. He has with him two able assistants
who each have a district of the State to superint&nd.
The Boys' Corn Club work will be carried on through
.i
the work of the County Agents, while the Girls' Canning
Clubs will be under the direct supervision of Miss Harris
of the Woman's College, who in turn becomes directly
responsible to Professor McQuarrie for the carrying
out of the work.
Results and Conclusion
Some one may ask, what has all this to do with the
matter of preventing poverty. I will show you 'clearly
in a minute that this is an extremely important factor
0
in the matter. 8tujLIl3 iei rt .L .n the short time
between 1908 and 1914, or a period of six years, the
value of the corn crop has risen from $3,409,000 to
$10,126,000, that is, it has increasea]lmost o00o in
value. It means that $6,711,000 is being distributed
among about 40,000 farm homes. This means more for
the retention of active young men and young women on the
farms than could have been accomplished by any other
-.^
means. It means better roads, better schools, better
churches, better homes, the last, the most important
of all factors in keeping people from crowding into
C-
the cities. This $7,611,000 of money produced on the
farm is really worth more than the amount signified by
the selling price, iApB it means more and better food,
a scorn enters very largely into -a diet. It means
more hogs, more poultry, more eggs)and more milk. This
$6,711,000 worth Of corn is consumed on the farm. It
goes to the betterment of the farm and of farm living.
So small a percentage of this enters the commercial
channels that it is negligible. The increased pro-
duction per acre was 50%. This stimulated increase in
acre geAsufficiently toincrease the total production
by. 130%. The value of the crop increased 200O,3an,
he increase in prie oof corn had only a minor effect
since so little'enters commercial channels.
19
Let us study this question a little farther. In 1900
the United States Census showed that each farm family
in Florida was capable of producing #129 in wealth per
year, that is they were working for approximately v
a day. Under such conditions the head of the family
was certainly justified in leaving the farm and seek-
ing employment at a mill or in the city where he could
earn from 80 to $1.00 per day. In 1913 the corn crop
alone gave to each farm-family in the corn producing sec-
tion an added wealth of $190. This one crop alone
added 150 to the wealth producing power of each family.
This brief outline of a part of the Extension Work
shows very clearly that the few thousands of dollars spent
annually for Extension Work is returned in millions
annually to the needy tut progressive people of the
State. I am glad to staQd before you tonight and show
you what the work has done. Our Extension men penetrate
the most inaccessible places in the State, often riding
miles over the worst kind of road. They are rarely seen
in the wealthy and populous. centers. If you were to
follow us you would often sleep in uncomfortable beds;
eat poorly prepared foods; speak under oak trees or in any
A
other place where the farriers are willing to listen
to the gospel of a better agriculture.
Yay I 43 -9/'
EXT1IS.1I01T WORI: II' AGRICULTURE A:-. A
.E TH 0L' OF PREEITIITrI POVERTY
Mr. Chairman of the Conference of Chijrities nrnd Iorrection,,
la~ies an ( Gent 3emen:-
I wish to congratulate youth j-orr, nr..Atttr on trie splendid
wrkr: L dne for the State of Florida. You have entered into these
duties with t;e zeal that abaracterizes enthusiasts. ;iay this entliusiasm
never grow less. but continue and become more anid more infections until
it 1:i.as permeated our entire social fabric. There is no greater work
for tie ietterinent of the human race than that whliicn h.s its foundation
in the study of thie unfocrtunates adi the causes I ead ing up to their
misfortune.
Poverty is. diseased condition of our civic units "s aeneila
is a diseased condition of ou.r plrsical bodies. Hlot one p-erson in a mil-
Sion would voluntarily become a puLb ic charge or even beco!:e so poverty
stricken as to be uni 11e to pay nis own way completely 8; ...t ain .oP
ir -,,:-,.-. ."'.--. I laow, now.--ver, that in spite of all o0 tiis a
very large proportion of our population find themselves in a condition
*fere they cannot maiaintin tils greatest of all privileges, to be an
honest upright Li2nan being free -roni del 3 mndJ wit,, the power of paying
for a]. that they need in the way of fo.J clothing and shelter.
Trie study of the prevention and amelioration of poverty
Ihis been most largely confined to our populous centers. Tiris is due
to the fact that iere sucr conditions are most apparent and most closely
aggregated. Jt therefore makes it possible to study these in a communal
.M Wi. ld way and to mu'ch better advantage than can be done in our
rural districts. not L&i, ,nt .,r f f..
4440-i4S... h.. itl.' UL4 Ur i n ruraiJ isl-t. L Ltiaj are Tew adi .1air Daerieteei
Amts. forward 11649 5E,793
(Agr. Dept. cont.)
Contents barn
Hay barns ................. 900
Dairy barns ............... 400
IM le barn ................. 400
Seed house ........... ..... 50 ..... 2050
Office equipment
1 desk ............ ... ..... 25
1 Table ................... 12
I letter file ............. 35
Books, Bulletins,
Records, etc. .........100. 0 ...... 1072. 4,771
Bulletin Maillng RooQ
TUltigraph machine .......................... 200
Wall cases ......................... .... 120
Bu31etin files ........... .................. 5000
Annual report files ......................... 1000
Mail ing ..... .... ...... ... ........ ....... ..... 5 6,820
Pbotograwlo. RQoo
Leitz Micro-photo apparatus ................. 300
4 Photograpiiic stands ....................... 250
6 Cameras ................................ .. 300
ITinor apparatus ............................. 200
4000 negatives ............................. 3_.0 4,050
Total $84,434
cost of permanent equipment .........7,500
(see Board of Control Record)
Cost of building ....................
(see Board of Control Record)
'
&.
V, .. -o .T --... .
-t"TIt i C ..L ,It e r.. ; .f. ;b.e poverty stricl'en
co unt .y penp]e s,-oner or 3 after, -4t= gravitate toward thie riore populous
cen t'rs a.nrd T ti-ere become a civl-o r ';:, e ,
That tie cities grow by accretionis 'roj, tihie rural PoIuaIation
is too well known to need more that mention at t.is rpoin1t. Tie aninua]
accessioins froi;' the country are verl. great. And While- there is iore
or 3ess of a variation froj,! year to year the, streak, of country peop] e
to the cities is a continuous one _md one that ha.s attracted ti.e attention
of every writer on civic -probl es,.
A study of country life problems shows that ridgration to the
cities is Jarirgely broi j.'.t a, out by,, poverty .on the farm on the one hand,
and on ttLe ot,er the proiilse of more cof.ifortale conrditioi:i in the cities.
A pretty close study of country 1' life prolei el;s ma.' e by a com|jijd.-.L :,n several
years ago showed pretty conclusively that poverty, or lac] of co1:forts
as great
at least, a0 the far .as a -reat factor in drivingr the young and riidd le
agdO to the cities, as werE the allureiients of remunerative riempoyrment.
Nursear Innsa=ctor
Furniture, desks, etc ......................... .600
Books .......... ... ...... 9. 200
Director's Offiq
3 laboratory tables G 12.... ............... 36
20 Globe Wernicke Cases, tops & bottoms ......... 50
1 walnut desk ...... ............................ 300
Scientific books ..................... ........ 500
Diagrams, notes, Mss. etc. ........................ ._
Secretary's Office
1 l laboratory table ............................. 12
2 cabinet for files ........................... 75
2 wall cases, bulletin files .................... UO
Globe Wernicke files ........................... 150
2 Stenographers' desks .......................... SO
30 storage files ................... ............. 20
Manuscript, plates, drawings, etc. ..............2000
4 wall cases ..................... ..... ........ 6
Extension Deartment
Office furniuritre, Boos Pub3 ications ......... 5i.
C0qwhistry
Machinery, tools,, etc. ....................... 600
Vacuum: macli nery ............................... 2.50
Gas machine ...................... ............... 200
Polariscopes .... ...... .... ..... ......-... *. 40
Plat inum ware ................................. 2500
Library ....................................... .3200
Balances, sa es, weighIts ...................... 600
Atwater calorimeter ........................ 1- ** '50
Glass ware .............. ...... .............1000
Copper & iron ware,.OVeus,Ot. ...............400
Still for pure water ............................ 150
Chneiicals ..................... .............. o00
Silsce3l aneous Apparatus............. ... ....... 300
Uicroscope ..... ...* ...... **
Laboratory Furniture & equipment ..............3.Q2.
.,Agrcultral e. eartmegn
Live stock (cows, bulls, hogs) ................
Tools, implements & machinery ..................1331
uil 6. ings
Forem-an's house ........ ...... 1800
Hay barn .................. .... 1200
Dairy barn & Silo .............. 900
iule barn ....... ............... 00
Seed house ....... .. ... '.* 1000
Fertilizer house ............... 00
Wagon scales & shed ............ 0
Implement House ................ 3_00Q ..... .6450
11649
r- 'r.----
Amt. forward
$41,380
800
1,186
2, 477
500
32, 450
58,793
k* -- ^^ a^ ^ ^^ /:-- ^^-
*P ~
I w- _
"*, a r. "" -
ha.v e
Te stateimnentsilmae in jmy introductory paragraph has been so
thoroughly anrt 'ully discussed in the riiagazines and papers that a
such a
mere mention of* thiei, is suff i.clent to bring tei, together in. shape
as to clearly show the connection that .the extension work in agrictu ture
is a very. potent factor in gu-irdiig against poverty. Technically the
extension work'of the University includes all of those activities which
have seali]ngs ';it; the state outside of the coc;ftnes of the Campus.
The Ex ten--s ion world, therefore, .is not confined to agriculture as it
is usual ly thought Af.
*"se tensionn work in a riculture :f e dates back to ,a
Srather/early periodd in tie history of our nation.y-ta I have no intention
of d(wej] ing oin the historic side of it. T 'F-i .... rl to mei tion It
ir.Iat fLiis is rfoot a neW/ fa~rtrtnTrg
is differ enit froif that w'iclo has occurred before in the fact that it
has L'Veii. vital ized and made applicab]e to the problem they occur
in agricultural, comori-Lunities In our Tlversit' the extei ion ri- ias
a rather broad scope. It h.d its ind~ipiency of course in the Farn.ers'
Institute work,' an-4i ,r- ;-." -' nrgean.od .. rr ~ years ago o
-he money that was used for 'that purpose really hd,-, to be serrepttitously
tatein from ti -ag=I f nJds under the control of the institution. Pos-
sibly this was not exactly a moral way of starting the work, but those
in authority 2liew that v;orl: of this ]:inid had to b- done, and as there
w s no protest raised against it the work was carried on, It seems to
be as late as 1907 before the legiislature of Florida w.S -wil ing to
appropriate money for carrying on the Fari ers! Institutes in tie State.
Froj! that period -on the work has been going forward. vigorously anId has
ESTIMATED AMOUNT OF THE VALUATION OF THE FLORIDA AGRICULTURAL
EXPERIMENT STATION and EQUIPMENT
Eptomolofry
Furniture .......................................$500
Two microscopes .................................... 300
Two .... ............... .................. 50
Qher equipment,.insect collection, 1ss. etc. ...... 600
Books, etc. ........ ..................... .............. 500
Camera & accessories ............................. 50 $2,000
Plat Pathol3ogy
6 Microscopes & accessories ........................1000
Balances & apparatus ............................... 700
Other equipment, slides, Mss. etc. .................3000
Furniture, office .................................. 500
Books ..................................500
Herbarium ................................... ..... 500
Mi7crotome ................... .. ...... .... .. ... .... 5 ,250
lai^ ERa.L9i9E
Furniture, office ..................................500
Ticroscopes & accessories .......................... 300
Other equipment, slides, paraffin apparatus.
incubators, etc. .................. .....1200
Balances, .microtone, etc. ................... 200
Book, ancrits, notes ....................... ........500
Greenhouse, plants, etc. ............. ,.. ........ .i 00 e 5,200
Ho rt i cn3 tural-BBtao tiar
Libra y .......................................... 200
Cabinets & cases .............. ........*....... 150
ManIusotripts, seed & drawings ...................... 2500
7:icro3-coe sliJes ................................. 500
Instruments & apparatus ........ ........... .... 4,5
3 Desk .............. ................... .. ....... 0
Card Index flleu. .......................... ........... 330
60.000 index cards ........... ..................... 00
Con:i3ete files of cxp. Station pubu ications ........7000
Complete fles of official Agric. documents ........2000
Slies of c'tate pubLicatlons ......................1500
Dictionaries, Encyclopedias, Atlas, etc. ........... J0. $1,380
L3rarES StaJc RoD2
LuT licate bulletins .............................. ..L 3 500
Cabinets, furniture and exhibit material ...... ...20.Q9. ,2,200
iiatA.0 9.ultire. .
Buldinig, Greenllouse & heating plant ............. 3000
!iule barn, seed, tools, etc. ..................... 1600
Gardner's house ................ ...... ......... 2000
iurnlture, office desk, Garden notes, etc. ....... 1300
Spraying machinery & irrigating plant ............ 1309L 19,000
S] e ?arrner:3. Institute squad visit various counties in the
State and hold meetings at the different places where local cooperation
S can be obtained, These meetings 3a:3t froi a hair day to three days in
length. Instruction is given at tLe various meetings as to how the
best crops are raised, special stress being placed upon those points
in ich] the farmers are weal:est.
CS*'\ .;'
_i_.__iQiL-ura3-tatia3
L.it.ra .y .. ,..... ., .., .. .............4... 4... .3,'00
Cain t "; .0 .. .. .. .. 4 4.. .. w 0 w.. : 0
,i "ript3, -eed c dr:rings r.. P ...4. .4.
I.? r cor .I( ....,l.. ........... .. .......* ,4 4* 00
Instr'.)nenta apTparatua _.D.............. L
] :Des3. ...k.J. ., .4 4 4 .*4: 4 4* 4..40...4, ...444..4 4 20
C-.x:d Index:: i) no ,u ..... 30
*o.0"0 in e' c .. ds ..4 ..,4 ... 4. 4 *=*... .... *. ..... *
Col-:iiete ri3.-' ofr Exp. Station r.ai3 icationj ... 70v0
'3:r.3ete fil 's of ofi l'f l Aric. docui..enta ,,.. *.. 000
oiles or 2t:te publ i i4o4 4.,.. 4...t......... .n
Di Ce o '*:: l';..:, -n ..-' 0!o .i-n' it. .,.U, etc. ....... ...... L. J
Ca.bint5 ,, I. in'nituro nl,:! e-J'l t i .t, er ':. ..........,.i_. j
JBL:lc.ing, Cg r. i a.oouu' Yiat i i u t. ., 4....., 4
:J..i3l o r n je :, too3 etc .............4 ........
".Lirj iture, o0ff'ice de8:. Gar.n,, noteC:, etc. .......
fi,'i1 17.:G:_; raoc.-in(-yn '-l. Irrigatii;.' pLa.nt ....... .....
3 600
21100
] '00
23
* ~ ,3(K) ;
U
.r:cnalo 30.., T) itj, tc. .....................,,...4**, .
Y3,2i*DO
given iiost excellent results.
The farming element of any country ee.n. .tie conservative
portion of the population. Tie city portion of t country seems to be
rno- e of a radical turn of mind Tils does not mean that some States
do not have r;ore radical agric3ultur-its than others, hut for the main
part if we have a community ..a.Je up largely of tillers of the soil
we find revolutions few .J Changes there are "roi;ght
ab out rather by evolution. -
ily world of organizing and carrying forward the Farmers' Institute
wor' il F] orida was therefore extrer.iely gratifying crd soiew.hat sur-
pri i]ng to .my.elf. 'I. .? .'1. held 4- inL ittL(te With atti a.r.o.
Tr J9095 & .-6 7
3In ] 909__2 3o_* 1-' '- -- -
19132-^^-^ -i" ^ "' --^^
,zag--^* t 0ar ort-'r 8 another
line of extension wor]: was int-e'duced into the State of Florida. This
Swas i* a fund placed, at the disposal of Dr. Seamrjaan A. IKapp, by the
Southern E6;ucation Board. It will be reriiiemered that this Eoard lia a
very considerab.:3 e fuwnd at its itsliosal for the betteirment of social con-
ditio.s in the South. Dr. Seaman A. Knlapp was coj;il issionrLd Lv this Board
to stud." the educational piro'blemis of the South and advise the Board as
o^t -L^-^td;L^-a^^-^^^- <-L
to the best methodsto be adopted for '" t tir i
Ste. After ia!i:,g his invc-estigations, Dr. Knaapp miiade his reco,;uLenda-.
tiolos. I carn put it best in the form in: which he has told it several
Amts. forward
(Agr. Dept. cont.)
Contents barn
aVy barnes .............. 900
barns ................... 400
14ul e barn ................. 400
eCod house ....... ....... a ..... 2050
Office equipment
2 CGes: .................... 25
I Table ...... ............ 32
I letter Mfe .............. 35
Books, Bulletins,
necor3s, etc. ..........U2 .. ... o 2Z1L.
7 1 leases ............ .... ........ ...... ..
Bu.m etin files ..............................
Afnua3 retort files .........................
1ail lng., ... .... .......... ......... ........
oogrMnol1 ap agA
Leitz Micro-photo apparatus ...............
4- Plhtogra ,Hic stands .......................
6 qaneraas ..................................
I.ihor apparatus ...........................
4000 negatives ...........................
200
320
5000
2 000
300
250.
300 -
200
3CQ '
3 4,77
6,820
4,.350
Total
Cost of permanent equipment ........7,500
(see Board of control Pecord )
Cost of abi3ding .................. ,
(ace ioard of Control Record)
Th $
blf
oVA-
-' \I
36149
58,793
times. They asked Dr. Ymapp v/lhat would be tle best way whether it
should be expended in thje betterment of colleges and universities.
He said no, the South had a number of institutions of t;-is character
and so far as could be seen from careful investigation it would appear
that they had a a jji..... amount of money for carrying on the work.
Tie main difficulty with these institutions was that they h d Q "y
sinaa1att@ndance. Some suggested that possibly it would be best
to expend this fund in the betterment of tIhe graded and high schools.
Here again was presented tle fact that there were many atr graded and
high schools in the S .uth but that the attendance on tier', was very sirall,.
Seae one else suggested that possibly the best way, to spend the money
wouc b e to uild rural schools. Here again tie investigation slowed
that w.li3e the South n,~eded inany rural schools it already h-rd riany of
them but these were attended. This seemed to load right to
the point tfat there was absolutely nothing that could be doiie for ttis
wr .. But Dr. Knlapp was equal -to the occasion and responded tniat there
was sol:etiing' that could be done w;,ich would be extrer,.ely: valuable,
aatd. that was to educate the farmers how to iralae rrore mooney from, their
farms.. Ti.e:' would then fill up the country school the country schools
would fill tie graded schools, aind tiis in turn woula lead to a great
increase in the attendance on colleges and universities. The Southern
Education Board immediately instructed Dr. Knapp to formulate and organ-
ize a plan of work that would be successful in teaching the farmers
bow to raise larger crops and imale eore money. Coincident with this
development was the advent of the cotton. boll weevil in the western
portion of Texas. It becaimie increasingly necessary f.-r tiis region to
Amt. forward
Furniture, deioSis, to. ........................
Books .. ...................... ...... ... .. .
pIreot.Qr s._PfJI_ g,
3 laboratory tables 32 ..................... 36
20 Globe VernicIk Cassc, tops & bottom ......... 5')
3 walnut desa : ................ ................. 300
Scientific books ................................ 500
Diagrams, not~., l.-is. etc. ..................... .. Q
1 laboratory table .............................. 32
2 cabinet for files ............................ 75
2 wall cases, bulletin fi3es ,................... 80
G3obe Wernicke files ........................ 350
2 Stenographers' desks ....................... 80
30 storage files ........................ 20
anuseoript, plates, drawings, etc. .............. 2000
% wa.ll casea .............. ... .. .............
ExtaensloL. e.nartnent
Office furniture, iooks & Pub3ications .......... 5QQ
"aciLinory, tools, etc. ........................ 600
Vacuum machinery s................................. 250
Gas machine .. ...... ..... .............. ........ 200
Polarlsoopes ............ ....................... 400
Platinur m ware ................... ........ ...... 2500
Library ................................................. .. 1200
Balances, scales, weights ...................... 600
Atwater calorimeter .............................. 50
G ass waJe ...... ... ............ .*...........3 001
Copper & iron are.,,Ovenus,etc .................... 00
Sti31 for uare water ............................ 350
Che'-cacls .................................... 300
ltil cell aeous Apparatus...... ............ ....300
,lcrosoop.e ..' ......... ....... ... 300
laboratory brnilture &S equipment ................3QQQ.
grl~tiqn1,iriL2 Depnartr'ent
Live stock (cows, bullo, 10ogs) ................. 8;
Tools, inp3 cents & smc!hiner ............... -3 33
Buildings
Vorel n' s house ........... 1 800
Hy barn ....................... 3200
Dairy barn & s13o .............. 900
v'ule barn ...................... S00
Seed louse ..................... 1000
Yerti3zer house ............. 300
w\gon scales c ashed .......... 3 0
Impl ement House ................. J9... .......6b'50
31649
?:-3 ,380
3 ,a86
2,4 77
500
12,450
56,793
A-fr
AL-* /1
F L. /
:C
EXPERIMENT STATION
c-- i"--^c~e-- ^- ^-/ *
-~W A't4 VL -~ n 4(*
*4I
be taught how to diversify their fanning operations since their mia nte-
nance crop.(cotton) had been destroyed by this pest. In 19c the HOn.
A. S. NcHarg of Miss-. was sent tr the State bf Florida to orF:a-iize
"'t
tiie Farmers' cooperativee Demonstration work. -t viMtl 1be ~- t Ihau the _
rcL-r-' Inr-'-i-titut & 1t -1i: 1 h r 3 byr c..... &rro yron r 'T1sL-c'
ae;.-s r..; cc:0 ativly for 4* betterment of farming conditions
in Florida. Tni.c Cooperative Demnonstration wol: is cArri ed on in aeerI
coiluties in tlie State. The County ler;ionstrators are practical farmers
inr tie counties, v.wito visit ger E dl-fferent farmers in the County,
givir: T1 tei, private instruction in the method s of better farming and
estab] ishling witi them demrionstration plotsto illustrate the :aJv3antages
-accruing from the new agriculture.
"A). Ui", (7 1 0 FT 'Ulr!L7
* t : ltl t.ur ........., .. ... .. .. .. ......
*T .0 `rl Io IT2 ,...,,,,,)....,2 ... ... ..... ',. 600
*?tner cmiirz';iit,.In-ect coll *ction, i :5. etc. .. .... 00
.otT, et .. .......... ,0
6 ::icrosco.-3 acces[c-riJ ...... ..,....... ..0o
3.fs .ertS .............. ..: .. .. ... 700 -
Ot. er equipl-. ent, slides, o so. fetc. ..,. .r. ... 3000 '
* ..r.i'':-. < .... .. .... ........ .,*,. ,,, 3
.r .. t,.-- .....: o .... .. ...... ... ......... .... .... .... 0'.,
. icrotoLi. .. ..... .. .. ... *.., *. ... .. ...
*03d9. EZivaYJlQ l .
..... tur.,,, ."i o e.....e... ..,, ......,, ....... .' 500
-lcroscor ': accessories ... ......,...... 00
-Ot.:'r eequ ilent, s .id es, pl- .flii in. :LL ratu 3
inicu'oitor,3 te. ..... ... ... ..... .. .
2lu.:.inc3s ;.i roton.e, 't .... .... ..., *00
.' .......
.. In was held tie first Woman's Institute in Florida.
This work lllie some of the Drevious work, had to be entered into wil h
a great deal of caution and not witi'out miisgivinss. The credit for
launching and carrying out this wo:l: successful] ] is due to ]lrs. Judge
Shac:] eford, of Tall aassee, who with :the .proper .spirit of zeal endured
the discomforts and embarrassment incident ;to such work:. aid helped to
start it off properly.; -Since that .time .th'- worl: has growvii apace and
now.Y has become .an important feature of the Extension work anon? tlie
rura3 people. ... .- ... "
In addition t :he rrural'.worl .mentioned above we .nust not for-
get to mdl:e mention of thie boys' corn clubs which are organized in sev-
eral counties of the State .-ad -inspire the boys witii_-a love for :the
farm -ind avwa]:en in tji:lem .interest -in .the .production. o. .better crops.
Adong with tl, is. wo-rk- of. the Eoy s'. Corn. Club s .was inaugurated the xworl
of Girls' Tomato Cl.ubs, which QA.loi ti a ni P. je~ i11 rr.in.9;
Amts, forward
(Agr. Dept. cont.)
Contents barn
Hay barns ................. 900
Dairy barns ............... 400
I'lule barn ................. 400
Seed house ................ ... 2050
Office equipment
1 desl: .................. 25
1 Table.......... ..... 12
I letter file ............. 35
Books, Bulletins,
Records, etc.........1000 ...... 102
Bulletin Mail ing Room
'ultigraph machine .........................
Wal cases ............ ... ......
Bulletin files ................. ........ .
Annual report files ....................
Mailing ............... .... .. ...
Photogti.'ahic Room
Leitz Micro-photo apparatus ................
4 Photographic stands .......................
6 Cameras ....... ....... ...... .. ..'
Minor apparatus ..........................
4000 negatives '.... .. .... ........
Total
Cost of perlIuinent equipment ......... 7,500
(see Board of Control Record )
200
120
5000
1000
5009
300
250
300
200
SI L
6,820
4,050
484s, 434
Cost of building ...............
(see Board of Control Record)
1 649
5e,793
1 4,771
The aes orgalizingFthe Farmers' Institute paB- was
embarrassed by man" difficul.tues. The amount allotedfor this
problem was '^2500 for the first year, or an average of f50 for each
County. te $50 expended in a County would be likely to .l.. e ntI v
mijt nf' p','.i mtni r 1 .nrr rna impression uponl the agricultui' e -itht
s-..;r^ie. However, b arranging matters in suct, a was as to husb-and
the fDinds as carefully as possible anrd directing attention to one vital
point, a very decided impression was maJe. The enerrg..irs of the Farmers'
Institute squad, also thl-e energies of tie Farin Demonstration world were
directed largely if not entirely, to the. production of -wre and better
corm. Let us see to what extent tie agriculture of Florida acted upo,
the reco!i:,iendat.ions and this agitation. The crop of corn in 1907
i ri .-.rt 4,351,000 bushels, the av.eage production per acre being
9.6 bu. After going through the agitation incident .to the Farr.ers'
average
Tnistitutes of -the winter of 1907-08 teAproduction of corn w.vas increased
to 30. 5 bb. per acre, and thus. by gradual steps it has gone up until it
kas now reached 151- bu. per acre, or a total corn production of
10,125,000 bushels, and a total valuation of at least 010,000,000,
or in other words corn has progressed from a, very low position as an
agricultural crop in Florida until it is second oi ly to t.e citrus crop.
Must what would have been the condition at"tie present time
had these two agencies i.n tie State, -. the Far,,ers' Institutes ,and the
Farm; Deionstratlion wor divided. their attention aEong a great many
di f'erent agricultural plrobleims, is difficult to say, but it is pretty
certaiin that the efforts would have been larCt..l lut. Tle Farrit Demon-
stratrlon, ',orl: at present covers only 24 counties. The Farmers' Institute
d-ESTIiATED EAERi TG-f- VALUATIONI, OF THE,_-gGRAGICULTTURAL
EXPERIMENTT STATIOIrNaBd TOQUIPTET"
Furniture .................... ................... $, 00
Two microscopes ................................... 300
Two ................. .................... .50
Oftier equipment,.insect collection, Mss. etc. ..... 600
Book:s, etc. ........................................ 500
Camera & accessories ....................... ..... .50 $2,000
Plant Pathologv /./..
6 IMicroscopes & accessories .............'............ .1000
Balances & apparatus ............................... 700
Other equipment, slides, Mss. etc. .... .......000
Furniture, office ............................. 500
Bo o s ............................... ....... ... 500
Herba'.iuji1 ............ .. ... .. ... 500
,Hicrotomae .... .................. .........5 250
2 rPli at PJsiol_.fy t '
Furniture, office ....................... ..... .....* 500
Ijicroscopes & accessories ................. 300
Other equipment, slides, paraffin apparatus,
'I incubators, etc. ............, .... .. 1200
Balances, microtone, etc.............. ........... 200
Books, matnuscripts, notes .. ...... .. .....1500
Greenhouse, plants, etc. .......... ......... .....5 5200
Horticul tural-Bota i cal v
....------
Library .. ...............................1200
Cabinets cases ................................... 150
manuscriptss seed & drawings ......................2500
Sicro scope slides ................. .........*...* 500
Instri.uments& apparatue ....... ...................50 h4-, 50
LibrarL -
SDesk .. .. ...... ... ,.... ................ 20
Card Index files .... .............................. 10
60,000 index cards .... ........................... 600
S Complete files of Exp. Station publications ..,.....7000
Complete files of official Agric. documents .......000
Files of State publications .............. 1500
Dic'ionaries, Encyclopedias, Atlas, etc ........... ..._ $5_Q_,
Liirar~y_ S t o 1,
Duplicate bulletins ................. ......... .. 0 1,500
""L*" i t i R o o m
SCabinets, furniture and exhibit material ........2200 o2,200
H orut L L-.S.3
Building, Greenhouse & heating plant ..........,... 000
..ile barn, seed, tools, etc. ......... ...... 1600
/ Gardner's iouse ........... ............... .... .... 200
IV Furniture, office desk, Garden notes, etc. ....... l100
Spraying miacninery & irrigating plant .... ..... 13. 49,000
"worr. i -1 rl-. G l 4-0 counties t'is .year. At a Q 3 of .these meetings
either directly or indirectly tle 'gosjel of better corn production is
preached *e UUrc tle farnl-/ wio c.an p-roduce a goo, cornl crop
can a so 'proU *:e a ,Iach .better ,erop .of .anyi iing e se. ,
-r lis eve o corn* e never gets it awa' frm a high marl:.
A A
Amt. forward
aflo* Uursery Insp sector
Furniture, deska,; etc. ........................... 610
( Book s ........................................... 200
I) Director's Office
3 laboraor ry tables @ i.l 2 ....................... 36
20 Globe Wernicke Cases, tops & bottoms ......... 50
3 ivalnut des: ................................... 100
S Scientific blookis ................................ 500
Diagrams, notes, 11ss. etc. ....................... 530
Secret 's Of ice
I laJboratory, tabj e ...._ I
2i- ,380
'800
1,156
eQnsca of teUl
versity of Florida. Arrangements have been p-trfected whereby. all of
the energies in the direction of agricultural extension vorl: wil] be cen-
tered at Gainesville. The Department of Agriculture. cooperating with
us, h-is appointed as State Agent, Professor C. K. IlcQuarrie, wrio will
give ail of -.his ti-ie to .the direction of this work. He has with
him, two aLle assistants who each h-,ave a district of tile State to su-
perintiend. Le Boys Corn Club vworl wil] be carried, on tlnrougl the
work: of tlie County Agents, while the Girls' Ca'iLing clubss will Ie
under thi- direct supervision of Miss Harris of the Womfan''s ColIleie,
who in turn becomes directly responsible to Professor IMcQuarrie for
the c:irryling out of the, work.
r
. j
ESTIi.iATED Ai..OTJIT OF TI.: VALUATION OF THE FLORIDA AGRICULTURAL
E2PERI .iEIT S.TATII011 and EQ1JIPI.,'DIT
Furn tTre ............ .... ...........
-,
Other Equip-ment, insect collection,
miidalLuscripts, etc.
Boo:s, etc
Camera aid accessories .
Plant Pathlo] o/;
6 'Iicros3jores- & accessories ............
Bal] ,Lces ar'p:cara.t is
Other equipment, sl3ies, xmss. etc.
Furniture, office
Bool:s
Herbariu .*
Sr aInt Ply lo] oMr
Furniture, office ... ........ ............ .
nicroscores and accessories .
Other eqyurpment, sliJes, paraffi'n appa-
ratus, incubators, etc.
BRa:-lces, aiicrotone, etc.
EBool:s, :I-nuscripts, notes
Gronihiouse, plants, etc.
300o
50
600
500
1000
700
1000
500
1500
500
50
,2.000
. ;5,250
500
300
1 200
200
1 500
Some one mrayl as: wliat ,nas.a3 tl is t- do witi the matter
of prevent ing poverty. T wi Il show you .clear]. in a r --" mj.iinute\
tla th-i is an extreflely to in te matter. Yo will
s~ tiat ift in t.he time) etmween 1908 and 19)14, or a period of six years,
the value of ti.e corn crop has risln f' r or, -3,409,000 to 3l0,120,000,
t!lat is it hlas increased ni+.a-y ,,o;. in value. It means that 86,731,000
-*f-eney is being distribute, a-ijong, farri homes. This mTia.is more for
the retention of active young Jmien anlii youiii worenr on t te i'arr.s titan
-.could. have Leen accojrp] is-ihed by any other rieans ,It.lr mes betts-r roads,
better schools, better cliurch'es, better l'omer, -- the last tie rost ,in-
portant of a33 factors In Ikeepring .pec.p e fror crowd i;.g iinto ti'e cities.
This .;6,713 ,000 of .i.one. pro uu.ced on th.e .fair., is r~-al*ly wviorlt iore
t.i,.._ te.e ai.,ount signlflef .i y .the..selling ricee, since. it mear.s more
and Lettter food, as corn enters very largely into obur iet. It means
ror e hogs. imo:; e poultry, miiiore eggs, tr1e -.r):, aLid rrore mill:, Ai Wnr
ljo 'l of cOcrn .11i3 si s .ed t+ 3 on tite .,'arI t
Zoes to tie betterment of the farm aild .o.i arcL 3ivin.' So small a
percentage of tnis enters &he co, uierclal chaLnels tait .- iy Ga it is
a4. neglilt] A94 A-eio t A A-
1.3i^ dt i Y e v^- Z^c 0^L-e^ '^ a' I ^. Z .)-e
_ _L o t -U L L a a- fw -t.-fl -/ ^ ^ ^ t--4
eJU =Ldt t
Machinery, tools, etc.
.................... ...... 600
Vacuum machinery ..... ................ ..... ....2.
Gas machine .................... .......1200
Polariscopes ................... .. ... .... ...... 40
Platinul ware .............. ......... .. ...... 2500
Library .. ....... ......................... .....,21200
Balances, scales, weights ....................... 600
Atwater calorimeter .. ..... .... ...... .. 50
Glass ware e ............ .... ............. .... ... 00
Copper & iron ware,.Ovens,etc. .................. 400
Still for pure water .......... ............... 150
Chem!:ical ... .. ........... ..... *.. ...... --... ....... 300
Miscellaneous Aparatus........... ........... 00
Eicros oone .................................. 100
Laboratory Furniture & equipment ....... ...... .3000
Agricultural. Department i
Live stock (cows, bul3s, hogs) ..................3888
Tools, implements & machinery ....... ....... 1331
il.d '. in~ S
Foreman's house ................ 1 00
Haty barn. 1......... ...... 200
Dairy barn & Silo .............. 900
Mule barn ........ ............. 800
SeeO tiouse .. ......... ...... 1000
Fertilizer house ............... 300
Wagon scales & shed ............ 150
Imp element House ................ oo ... 4, 50
S I .3169 "
a2^ cab net for Tl2:- ... .. ...: ..... 75
2 wall cases, bulletin files .... ........ 80
ic3o'Le Werniche files ....... ...... ... ... ... 150
2 Stenographers' desks ............. 80
10 storage files ............................. 20
;.Ia2iuscript, plates, drawings, etc ........ ...... 2000
S wal] cases ....... .. ..... ........ ..60
SExtension De:Lart ient
'Office furniture, Books & Publications ..... ..... 500
500
12,4 50
S58,793
Innaar I I
2,477,
SC eiiilstr '
ESTIMATEDD AMOUNT OF THE VALUATION OF THE FLORIDA AGRICULTURAL'
EXPERIMENT STATION and EQVIPIMEi NT-
Ent omology
Furniture .....................
2 Microscopes .
2 ""
Other Equipment, insect collection,
manuscripts, etc.
Books, etc
Camera and accessories
Plant patlhology_
6 TMicroscopes-& accessories .............
Balances & apparatus
Other equipment, slides, mss. etc.
Furniture, office
Books
Herbariumi
Microtomee
Furniture, office ................ .....
Microscopes and accessories
Other EqUipment, slides, paraffin appa-
ratus, incubators, etc.
Balances, microtone, etc.
Books, manuscripts, notes
Greenhouse, plants, etc.
.A500
.$56o
300
50
600
500
]50
1000
700
1000
500
1500
500
_0
$2.000
* 5,250
500
300
3200
200
S500
L' iti
