Annual report

a,6

PANAMA

CANAL

COMMISSION

FISCAL YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 1981

REPORT

UAL

Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2010 with funding from
Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation

PANAMA

CANAL

COMMISSION

Balboa, Republic of Panama
OFFICE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR

FROM THE ADMINISTRATOR:

I am pleased to submit the second annual report of the Panama Canal
Commission covering Canal operations for fiscal year 1981.
During the second year under the Panama Canal Treaty, the Commission
continued to operate the Canal safely and efficiently while new records were
established in cargo tonnage and tolls revenue. Oceangoing transits and the
number of large vessels using the Canal also increased over the prior year.

Petroleum

products,

grains,

coal

continued

most

important commodity

groups accounting for about 60 percent of total

Canal commercial cargo movements during the fiscal year.

accommodate

these

growing

demands

waterway,

Commission devoted significant efforts to

improvement programs.

modernization and capacity

The locks towing locomotives and tugboat fleets

were expanded and modernized through the acquisition and replacement of

major equipment.

The contract

for construction of a

Gaillard Cut to increase Canal capacity was awarded.

tie-up station in
Other programs

provided for new launches, improvement of marine traffic surveillance,
replacement of locks equipment, and the improvement and replacement of
transit facilities. These projects and others are expected to augment Canal
capacity over 15 percent by 1983 and provide the waterway with sufficient

The successful performance levels reached during the last two years were
achieved under the difficult and challenging conditions that accompanied
the implementation of the Treaty, The Commission's Board of Directors is
meeting on a regular basis and has made progress on the resolution of policy

matters
created
continue

pertinent

by the

to Commission

Treaty

function.

for the

operations.

resolution of

Commission

Other

binational

bodies

day-to-day problems also

management

operating

organization are fulfilling their mission of providing a high standard of
transit service to world shipping. With prudent investment in maintenance,
modernization, and effective training programs, the Panama Canal will
continue as a viable artery for world trade well into the future.

.P. McAJLIFF

Administrator

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

INTRODUCTION

ORGANIZATION

THE CANAL...

* S * S * S *9 4*t*

* . S S S * * S S I S *

* S I I S S S * S

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TOLLS RATES

TREATY IMPLEMENTATION ..

PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

ORGANIZATION CHART. .......

BOARD OF DIRECTORS . . . . . . ..

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* S S 5 I 0 S 9 9 S S S

* S S S * * S S S S S I

OFFICIALS IN THE REPUBLIC OF PANAMA

OFFICIAL IN WASHINGTON, D.C. ......

* S S. S.

* 9 S S 9

* S 5 I 0 6

* 9 S I S * S S

* S S S I I S S

CHAPTER I-CANAL TRAFFIC

T RAFFIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. . .. .. . .. .

COMPARATIVE HIGHLIGHTS OF OPERATIONS. . ..... ...... ... . ... .. ...

COMMODITIES AND TRADE ROUTES . .. . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER II-CANAL OPERATIONS

TRANSIT OPERATIONS

MAINTENANCE AND OTHER CANAL PROJECTS

CHAPTER III-SUPPORTING OPERATIONS

EMPLOYEE SERVICES

LOGISTICAL SERVICES

* S S 9*49

S S S S I 9

* S S

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5955*5*

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TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES . ..

PUBLIC UTILITIES

POLICE AND FIRE PROTECTION . ..

16

* . S . * 9 9 9 5 9 5 5 5 5 5 4 S S .I. . . I I 9 9

CANAL PROTECTION ..

HEALTH AND SAFETY.

LIBRARY SERVICES ...

* S S S * . 4

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* S * S S S I I I S S I 9

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S II SS SS 6 5* **19

CHAPTER IV-ADMINISTRATION AND STAFF

PERSONNEL: FORCE EMPLOYED AND RATES OF PAY

SS * I21

EQUAL OPPORTUNITY PROGRAM ..
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9599*S S

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S S S

I S S

2

71

CONTENTS

Financial Tables

Page

TABLE
TABLE
TABLE
TABLE
TABLE

TABLE

.-Balance Sheet

.-Statement of Operations and Non-Interest-Bearing Investment

3.-Statement of Changes in the Investment of the United States

.-Statement of Changes in Financial Position
.-Statement of Status of Appropriations....

.--State

*

. .. 28

9.4...

S S404 115 . * 4*t 9 .35

ment of Property, Plant, and Equipment

**.. 36

Notes to financial statements

CHAPTER

VI--STATISTICAL TABLES

Shipping Statistics

--Panama Canal Traffic, Fiscal Years 1972-1981

TABLE
TABLE
TABLE
TABLE
TABLE
TABLE

-Commercial Ocean Traffic by Months, Fiscal Years 1981 and 1980

-Canal Traffic by Flag of Vessel, Fiscal Year 1981

-Classification of Canal Traffic by

--Laden and Ballast

--Segregation

48
.. 50
.. 51

Type of Vessel, Fiscal Year 1981

Traffic by Flag of Vessel, Fiscal Year 198

of Transits

Registered

G ross

Tonnage,

..... 57

Fiscal

Year 198i .........

TABLE
TABLE

7.-Principal Commodities Shipped Through Canal by Fiscal Years.

8.-Origin and Destination of Commercial Cargo

Through the Panama

Canal from Atlantic to Pacific during Fiscal Year

Segregated

TABLE

by Countries in Principal Trade Areas ....
9.-Origin and Destination of Commercial Cargo

... . . ............. 64

Through the Panama

Canal from Pacific to Atlantic during Fiscal Year
by Countries in Principal Trade Areas .........

Segregated
S S S C * *555

TABLE

ABLE

10.--Cargo
I1.-Cargo

Shipments by Trade Routes-Atlantic to Pacific

Shipments by

........ . .78
. .. .. .... 8 1

Trade Routes-Pacific to Atlantic

TABLE

-I important

Commodity

shipments

Over

Principal

Trade

Routes

Atlantic to Pacific

S. . . . . . 85

TABLE

3.-'niportant

Commodity Shipments

Over Principal Trade

Routes

Pacific to Atlantic..

TABLE

14.-Principal Canal Commodities by Direction,

Fiscal

... . 104
.... 5123

Year

Other Statistics

TABLE

--Water Supply and Usage..
Sr^ * a -

5 4450 I S S S S S SW SISISSIS 4 55*5t4446* C CS

INTRODUCTION
ORGANIZATION
The Panama Canal Commission is an agency of the Executive Branch of
the U united States Government, provided for by the Panama Canal Treaty of

1977, and established

by the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (93 Stat.

452; 22

U.S.C.

et seq.),

enacted September

1979.

The authority

President of the United States with respect to the Commission is exercised

through

Secretary

of Defense

Secretary

Army

. The

Commission

is supervised

a nine-member

Board:

members

nationals of the United States and four are Panamanians. Board members

who are

U.S.

nationals are appointed with the advice and consent of the

Senate.
The Commission was established to carry out the responsibilities of the
United States with respect to the Panama Canal under the Panama Canal

Treaty

1977

. In fulfilling these obligations, the Commission manages,

operates, and maintains the Canal, its complementary works, installations,

and equipment, and provides for the orderly transit of vessel

through the

Canal.

The

terminates

Commission

on December

perform

, 1999,

these

when

functions
Republic

until

Treaty

of Panama

assume full responsibility for the Canal.
The Commission is expected to recover, through tolls and other revenues,

costs

operating

maintaining

Canal,

including

interest

depreciation, capital for plant replacement, expansion and improvements,
and payments to the Republic of Panama for public services and annuities,
in accordance with paragraph 5 of Article III and paragraphs 4(a) and (b) of

Article XIII, respectively,

from

of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977

tolls and all other sources are deposited in the U.S.

Revenues

Treasury in an

account known as the Panama Canal Commission Fund. Appropriations
for operating expenses and capital improvements are enacted annually by

the Congress and are

limited to the sum of the estimated receipts for the

year,

plus

unexpended

balances

in the

Panama

Canal Commission

INTRODUCTION

esse

transiting the Canal are raised in three steps to the level of Gatun

Lake
three

, the principal

steps.

The

ource of Canal water

three

Canal

, then lowered to sea level again in

locks

are paired

so as to permit

simultaneous

ockage of two

vessel

n the same direction or in opposite

directions.

Since August 15,

, the official date of its opening,

the Panama Cana

has served world trade virtually without interruption.

Through thi

fisca

year

a total of 597.285 vessel

of all types have tran

ited with 497,623 or 83.3

percent of the total being of the oceangoing commercial class.
TOLLS RATES

Panama Canal toll

rates were increased appro

ximately 29.3 percent on

October 1

1979.

These rates remained unchanged through fiscal year

Tolls

rates

are:

merchant

vessels

, Army

Navy

transports,

tankers

, hospital

hips,

supply

, and yacht

, when carrying passengers

or cargo

$1.67 per net vessel ton of 100 cubic feet of actua

earning capacity

Such tonnage

of V

esse

is determined in accordance with the "Rule

for the

Panama

Canal

(b) on

uch vessel

s of Mea
n ballast

surement
. without

sengers or cargo

$1.33 per net ves

sel ton; and (c) on other floating craft

93 cents per ton of displacement.

the Governments of Panama and Colombia

were giv

n free

Sransit

as were two transits

TREATY

ely for repairs at Commissi
IMPLEMENTATION

on facilities

The Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 entered into effect on October 1

The two years following implementation of the

1979.

Treaty have been not only a

time of

change for the

Panama

Canal

, but also a time of continuity and

achievement.

Innumerable changes and innovation

by the Commission in compliance with the

The Commission

have been carried out

Treaty throughout thi

's binational Board of Directors i

period.

meeting periodically to

resolve

broad

range

issues

pertinent

to the

Comm

mission.

Other

binational bodies establi

hed by the

Treaty for the resolution of day-to-day

problem

also continue to function.

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BOARD

DIRECTOR

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Honorable WILLIAM R.

GIANELLI.

Honorable ROBERTO M

HEURTEMATTE E.

Chairman

Panama, Republic of Panama

A assistant

Secretary

of the Army

(Civil Works)
'ashington, D.C.

Honorable CLIFFORD B. O'HARA

Riverside, Connecticut

Honorable JOHN A.

USHNELL

Honorable

TOMAS PA

REDES R.

Deputy Assistant
for Inter-Amer

Secretary of State
ican Affairs

Executive Director

Executive

Bureau for Panama Canal

'ashington, D.C.

Honorable J.

Treatyi Affairs
Panama. Republic of Panama

W. CLARK

President, Clark Maritime
Associates, Inc.
New Orleans, Louisiana

Honorable EDWIN FABREGA
Director General

Honorable RICARDO A.

Minister

RODRIGUEZ

the Presidency

Panama, Republic of Panama

Honorable WILLIAM
Poway, California

Institute

Hydraulic

Resources

and Electrification (IRHE)
Panama, Republic of Panama

Executive Committee
Honorable WILLIAM R.

Budget and Finance Committee

GIANELLi,

Honorable EDWIN F

ABREGA

Chairman

Chairman

Honorable JOHN A.

SHNELL

Honorable J.

W. CLARK

Honorable CLIFFORD B. O'HARA

Honorable CLIFFORD B.

honorable RICARDO

A. RODRIGUEZ

Honorable TOMAS

AREDES

orable

TOMAS

AREDES

Personnel Committee

Honorable J.

W. CLARK

Chairman

Long-Range Cana
Committee
Honorable EDWIN

Improvements

ABREGA

., Chairman

Honorable ROBERTO M

HEURTEMATTE E.

Honorable J.

W. CLARK

Honorable WILLIAM SIDELL

Honorable CLIFFORD B.

O'HARA

Honorable

TOMAS P

AREDES R.

orable

TOMAS

AREDES

OFFICIALS

IN THE

REPUBLIC

OF PANAMA

Administrator.

D. P

McAui

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Chapter I

CANAL TRAFFIC

TRAFFIC

Most important elements of Canal traffic and tolls revenue again reached
record levels in fiscal year 1981. The gains were highly concentrated in
increased shipments of the three most important commodity groups moving
through the Canal-petroleum, grains and coal.
Oceangoing transits totaled 13,984, or 38.3 daily, during the fiscal year, an
increase of 2.7 percent from 13,614, or 37.2 daily, in fiscal year 1980.
Oceangoing commercial vessels accounted for 13,884 transits, compared to
13,507 such transit in the prior year. Vessels owned or operated by the U.S.
Government, and free Panamanian and Colombian vessels, made 100
transits compared to 107 transits in fiscal year 1980.
The trend toward larger vessels was again evident this year, although the
increase was lower than in previous years. Transits, of vessels having beams
of 80 feet or greater totaled 6,364 or 45.5 percent of total oceangoing
transits. In fiscal year 1980, 6,089 vessels, or 44.7 percent of the oceangoing
transits, were in this beam category. Transit of the larger vessels, those in the
100-foot beam and over category, totaled 2,263, or 16.2 percent of total
oceangoing transits, compared to 2,172, or 16.0 percent, during fiscal year
1980.
In terms of Panama Canal net tonnage, the average size of oceangoing
commercial transits rose 0.8 percent, increasing from 13,485 tons in 1980 to
13,593 in 1981. During fiscal year 1980, the average size of oceangoing
commercial transits rose 4.1 percent with respect to the prior year.
The increase in the number and size of vessels generated record Panama
Canal net tonnage and tolls revenue. Total Panama Canal net tonnage
increased 3.5 percent from 183.2 million tons in 1980 to 189.6 million tons.
Tolls revenue increased 3.3 percent to a record $303.1 million from $293.4

CANAL

TRAFFIC

COMPARATIVE HIGHLIGHTS OF OPERATIONS

Fi.alt rear

Oceangoing transit:

Commercial

.. . 13.884

13.507

U.S. Government

Free.....
Total..

* #9*999
, 9* 3 3 9~

Daily average

13,984

* 9 8 8 3

Small transit:

Commercial

Government

Free...
Total

Total

* a * a a

* S * *8

* S * S * 9
. . . "
...D...

* S S * 9 *

1,066

cargo:

Commercial ....
U.S. Government

Free.....
Total.

Total

Panama

ment tonnage

Canal
e .. ..

* 9* S S S * 549* 3 * ****S
* 9 5 * S S 9 9 5 9 9 9 5 5 6 8 9 9

* S S S S

. .. .. . ... ... . . .

net tons

and reconstructed

* I##S

displace-

Transit revenue:

Commercial

Government v

essels

Tolls revenue.......

Harbor pilotage, tug, launch,
Total transit revenue

and other

services

171,223,117
301,778

171,524,895

189,565,518

$301,828,204
1,252,154
$303,080,358

47,681,976
$350,762,334

13,614

37.2

788
276
47
1,111

167,215,722
396,481

167,612,203

183,173,120

$291,913,488
1,530,455
$293,443,943

41,717,532
$335,161,475

COMMODITIES AND TRADE ROUTES

Cargo

tonnage

moving through

Cana

during fiscal

year

1981

another record. Primarily as a result of increased shipments of petroleum.

* 9*::

PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 7

million long tons in fiscal year 1981. Crude petroleum shipments totaled
36.4 million long tons compared to 35.3 million long tons in fiscal year 1980,
with the entire increase due to a stronger Alaska North Slope (ANS) oil
trade. The ANS movement accounted for 24.6 million long tons in 1981,
increasing I 1.1 percent from the prior year. Shipments of other petroleum
products, excluding crude oil, increased 7.9 percent from 12.0 million long
tons in 1980 to 13.0 million long tons in 1981.
Grain shipments surpassed prior year levels by 13.1 percent, totaling a
record 34.4 million long tons and accounting for 20. 1 percent of all Canal
commercial cargo. The increase in this commodity group resulted primarily
from nearly a doubling of the wheat movement, from 6.6 million long tons in
1980 to 12.5 million long tons this fiscal year. Nearly 55 percent of the total
wheat trade was destined for China. With the exception of barley, oats and
rice, the tonnage of the other grains composing this commodity group
registered declines from prior year levels. Corn decreased from 12.4 million
long tons in 1980 to 10.7 million long tons in 1981, sorghum from 3.0 million
long tons to 2.3 million long tons and soybeans from 6.9 million long tons to
6.7 million long tons. Grain exports from the East Coast of the United States
to Asia accounted for 72.3 percent of the total Canal grain movement, with
Japan remaining the primary destination.
Coal and coke shipments, which accounted for 11.8 percent of all Canal
commercial cargo this year, continued last year's upward trend, registering
20.2 million long tons, the highest level in six years. Most of that coal was
metallurgical type destined for Japan's steel industry, but part of the gain in
the coal movement may be attributed to burgeoning U.S. exports of steam
coal.
Two other major commodity groups experiencing gains during the year
were chemicals and petrochemicals, which increased 6.0 percent to 4.5
million long tons and machinery and equipment, which rose 5.0 percent to
2.5 million long tons.
Many other major Canal commodity movements registered declines
during the year. The tonnage of ores and metals decreased 26. 1 percent to
8.5 million long tons; nitrates, phosphates and potash fell 12.7 percent to 8.5
million long tons; manufactures of iron and steel dropped 2.6 percent to 7.2
million long tons; lumber and products continued to slump, falling 13.0
percent to 6.2 million long tons; and canned and refrigerated foods
S S A a a * .. * -

CANAL TRAFFIC

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PANAMA

CANAL

COMMISSION

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CANAL TRAFFIC

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Chapter

CANAL

Canal operation

OPERATIONS

are comprised of Transit Operations and Maintenance

Other

Canal

Projects.

The

various

functions

are divided

among a

number of

operating bureaus within the Canal agency.

TRANSIT

Daily average transit

OPERATIONS

by oceangoing vessels increased from the 37.

day during fiscal year 1980 to 38.3 per day during fiscal year 1981

Average

time

Canal

waters

increased

from

-34.9

hours

fiscal

year

1980

to 40.7 hours in fiscal year

1981.

Percent

Vessels
of 600-foot

rear

* S * * *YSW**W* * S *9S~Sst* **
* . . S * * * * * . . . . S S S S S S S * S * S

length

of total
oceangoing

and over

trans its

Percent

Vessels
of 80-foot

beam

4,855
4,598
4,089
3,842
3,012

over

6,364
6,089
5,503
5,200
4.254

of total
oceangoing
transit
45.5

The number

of ves

sels transiting at more than 36-foot draft

increased

3.38

percent

during

with

2.200

vesse

transiting

Canal

compared

to 2.128

last year.

The maximum allowable draft

of 39 feet

inches was maintained for the entire fisca

year.

Total jobs performed by Commission tugs declined from 46,310

n fiscal

year

1980 to 41

,718 in fiscal year

1981

Commencing October

1980

harbor movements in the ports of Balboa and Cristoba

were performed by

tugs operating under contract with the National Port Authority of Panama.

CANAL

OPERATIONS

Ohs

Os..

PANAMA

CANAL

COMMISSION

MAINTENANCE

AND

OTHER

CANAL

PROJECTS

The design for 23 high mast lighting poles on the east, center and west wall

Pedro

Miguel

Locks

was

completed.

Installation

new

lighting

system is expected to be completed in January 1983 and will provide Canal

pilots

better visibility when

transiting wide

beam ships at

night.

Similar

lighting was previously installed at Miraflores Locks and is presently being
installed at Gatun.
The seven phase Panama Canal Dam and Spillway Inspection Study was

completed

during

year.

The study

initiated

in fiscal

year

1977,

was

conducted by the Mobile District of the U.S. Corps of Engineers. In the final
phase, the Corps recommended a change in the flood control procedures
and eliminated the locks chambers at Gatun and Pedro Miguel from further

consideration as flood spillways.

higher lake
designed ai
procedure

levels as a

result

constructed

during

in time

flood

To protect vital Canal structures against
his loss in spillway capacity, dikes were

to implement

season

November

new
1980.

flood
Other

control
Corps

recommendations contained in the various phases of the study have already
been implemented.
A contract was awarded for the construction of the first phase of a ship

tie-up station in Paraiso Reach,

one mile north of Pedro Miguel Locks.

This

facility,

when

completed,

maximize

use of

Pedro

Miguel

Locks

permitting ships to be locked up through Pedro Miguel and then secured to

the station during "clear-cut"

operations or during periods of fog.

The first

phase of the

project

permit

the securing

two ships at the station.

When all

phases are completed,

the station

will accommodate five ships

which is expected to increase the capacity of the Canal by two ships per day

In fiscal year

1980, a new method was developed to repair the waterside

locomotive

tow track

at the

locks.

The

procedure,

called

"alternate

method"

consists of

removing and

replacing alternate ties

together with sections of the concrete foundation thus permitting the track

to be repaired without taking it out of service.

Work at

Miraflores Locks

was initiated in January with

1,970 feet of rail being repaired by the end of

the fiscal year. Repair work began at Pedro Miguel Lock

in February with

,880 feet

being completed.

A total of I

,125 feet of track were repaired at

Gatun during the year.

Commensurate with this rail repair, maintenance

crews also began repairing damaged rack section of the tow track system

CANAL

OPERATIONS

Completion

project

substantially

reduce

probability

generator failure.

In addition

nomina

capacity

each

unit

increased from 8,000

KW to

2,000 KW which will provide more peaking

power,

increase

hydroelectric

generating

capacity

during wet years,

and

reduce generating costs.

August

Commi

981,

sion-wide

telephone
eliminate

dialing

operational

change

implemented

conflicts

between

Comm

mission telephone

system and the recently established central office of

Institute

Nacional

Telecomunicacione

(INTEL).

The

change

standardized dialing throughout the Commission and military systems.
Work commenced at the locks on the voltage conversion of the machinery

transformer

rooms

from

to 480

volts.

The

obsolete

Roller-Smith

breakers are being replaced by molded case circuit breaker

mounted on the

existing
project

roll-out

nearing

mechanisms.

completion

The

Pedro

Migue

Lock

Miraflore

portion

Gatun

Locks

scheduled for future year

When completed,

this project will standardize

the operating voltage of all lock

machinery at 480 volt

Chapter

SUPPORTING

OPERATIONS

Supporting operations of the Panama Canal provided essential support
services to the operation of the waterway, as well as to other U.S. agencies

on the Isthmus and to employees and their dependents.

included Logistical Services, Employee Services,

Public
Safety

These operations

Transportation Facilities,

Utilities, Police and Fire Protection, Canal Protection, Health and

Library Services.

EMPLOYEE SERVICES

During

fisca

year

981,

Commission

provided

housing,

care

grounds, buildings management services and recreational facilities for the
agency and its employees and their dependents.

The housing livability program,

which permits

mited improvement

quarters I
composite

employees,

quarters

as well
exterior

as the

installation

interior

vinyl

painting

siding

quarters

were

continued as in previous years. Physical security improvements to quarters
were continued during the year.
A plan was developed late in the year to effect the early transfer in fiscal

year

1982

168 apartments on

Atlantic side to

the Government

Panama.

The apartments are located

townsite

Coco Solo and

Mindi.

U fl i r~ln VCnP3'n Ucrnnrrr

SUPPORTING

OPERATIONS

construction and delivery of six locks towing locomotives and component

parts,

due in

March and July

and another to a

U.S.

firm for $2.4

million for the engineering, design, materials and technical supervision for
rewinding and uprating the capacity of two existing generating units at the

Madden Dam Power Plant.

An option to purchase a second diesel-powered,

twin-screw tugboat for $4 million under an existing contract from FY 1980

with

a U.S.

manufacturer

was

exercised.

new

tug,

A lianza,

was

accepted by the Commission and put into service during the year

A second

tug, the

Progreso, is expected to be put into service in early fiscal

1982.

Almost $

7 million in Commission inventory items were issued and $19

lion was obligated for new inventory purchases during the year. A total

inventory

of 39.000 line items

with an average

landed cost value of $26

lion was on hand at year-end.

TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES

The

Panama

Canal

Commission'

transportation

facilities

included

motor vehicle fleet

, of 831 vehicles, and an oceangoing general cargo vessel

Cristobat) of 10,000 gross tons.

The

Motor

Transportation

Division

operated

maintained

cons

olidated

motor

pool

designed

to meet

vehicular transportation

requirements

Commission.

The

vehicle

fleet

in fiscal

year

1981

included 606 trucks of various types,

special-purpose vehicles.

150 passenger-carrying vehicles, and 75

Vehicle mileage increased from 7,048,000 miles in

fiscal year

980 to

7,950,000 in fiscal

The vehicle inspection facilities

located within the

Motor

Transportation Division areas were used by the

Government of Panama to conduct inspections of privately-owned vehicles
and by the Motor Transportation Division to perform Commission vehicle

inspections.

Fully equipped shops,

including a tire retreading plant,

provide

facilities for maintenance and repairs to the Motor Transportation Division
fleet.

The

Cristobal,

oceangoing

passenger/cargo

vessel,

was

decommissioned

fr om

service

with

Panama

Canal

Commission

mber

. The

vessel

constructed

Panama

Canal'

Panama Line in

, had provided reliable logistical support between the

United

States and

Government

Panama for the

Panama

Cana

Panama Canal Company

Commission,

and

other

/ Canal Zone
Government

- --

PANAMA CANAL COMMISS

At fiscal year-end 1981, the I

ION

'rocurement Division in New Orleans and the

Water

Transportation Division, which had operated the SS Cristobal,

discontinued

employees

entered

reduction-in-force.

were
;mall

ogistica

support activity remains in New Orlean

, which is

scheduled to

become a branch of the Storehouse

Division.

PUBLIC UTILITIES

Panama

Canal Commission faci

include electric power gen

eration

and distribution

systems, communication systems,

water purification and

distribution systems, and a central chilled water air conditioning
certain public buildings on the Pacific side.

system for

Total Canal Area energy demand during fisca

year 198

was 556 gigawatt

hours, a 1.9 percent decrease from the 567 gigawatt hours used last year

The

peak hourly demand of 88

megawatts reached on April

was

percent
energy

below the peak

consumption

of 93

in fisca

megawatts

year

in the prior year

electrical

Agency-wide

power

calculated together in Btu

energy conservation

baseline

was

reduced a total of 21.7

period

of fiscal

year

1975

percent from the
Electrical power

comsumption

below the

usage

Commission,

levels

recorded

71.6

gigawatt

hours,

for comparable operation

in fi

percent
cal year

; fuel consumption (excluding fuel for power generation),

gallon

, was 31.9 percent below the corresponding fisca

year 197

5.3 million
5 baselines.

The

water

treatment

distribution

system

operated

Commission

Republic
Panama

City,

provide potable

Panama.

The

water for the Canal Area and

Pacific

and suburban areas

side

system

serves

areas
Canal

and the separate Atlantic side

of the
Area,
system

serves the Canal Area

, the city of Colon,

and suburban areas. During fiscal

year

981, the two systems supplied 3,061 million cubic feet of potable water

to consumers, an increase of about 4.5

percent over the previous

year

Water Consumption by

Areas

(Millions of cubic feet

Canal Area..........

Fiscal

iear

SUPPORTING

OPERATIONS

POLICE AND FIRE PROTECTION
The mission of the Police Division is, in coordination with the Panama

National Guard

life and

property

, the preservation of public peace and order

prevention

crime throughout

protection of
Commission

areas.

During fiscal year

, the dual jurisdictional concept and joint patrol

with

Panama

National

Guard continued to provide law enforcement

services in an efficient manner.
The Penitentiary at Gamboa was officially transferred to the Government

of Panama on

December

1980.

Of the three remaining felony inmates

which

were

in United

States

custody

during

fiscal

year,

were

transferred to Panamanian custody and one was transferred to the custody

of the United States Bureau of Prisons.
proceedings in the United States District

All transfers were handled through
: Court, and in accordance with the

Prisoner
States. r

Transfer

Treaty between the Republic of Panama and the United

ratified June 27

980.

During fisca

year

1981

persons

subject

U.S.

jurisdiction

were

arrested compared to 335 persons arrested in fiscal year 1980. A tota

persons subject to Panama jurisdiction were arrested in the Cana

handled by

of 926

Area and

Republic of Panama authorities.

The

Panama

Canal

Commission

Fire

Division

is responsible

for fire

protection,

fire fighting and

rescue operations

in Canal

operating areas,

defense

sites

, civilian and military areas of coordination,

and shipboard fire

fighting on all vessels in Commission waters.

There were 723 fires (excluding

n fiscal year

981, causing a loss

of $205,234 compared to

770 fires

resulting

in a

of $247,988 in fiscal year

1980.

There were
fire losses in

hip fire

1981

were $1

during the year versus

13 the previous year. Ship

,750 compared to $512,195 the year before.

CANAL

The Canal Protection

PROTECTION

Division provides guard protection and physical

security
Commis

vital

installations

facilities

ion through the prevention and detection of

Panama

abotage,

Canal

theft and

pilferage; and the prevention of unauthorized use of Government property

equipment

facilities.

fiscal

year

1981

physical

security

function was transferred to the Canal Protection Division to consolidate the

operational

staff

physical

security

activities

with

objective

PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

house training films were produced by Graphics

19

Branch using division

security personnel and filmed on-site in Commission vital installations.

HEALTH

AND SAFETY

The

Office

Health

Safety

responsible

agency's

environmental

sanitation,

occupational

health

safety and zoonotic disease control programs.

i, industrial hygiene and
The Office of Health and

Safety is also responsible for maintaining close liaison with the U.S. Army

Medical

Department

Activity

(MEDDAC),

Panama

matters

pertaining to the health care provided to Commission employees, their
dependents and others sponsored by the agency. In addition, the Office
provides liaison with components of the Department of Defense, other U.S.
Government agencies and appropriate officials and organizations of the
Government of Panama relative to health matters.

During

fiscal

year

1981,

Office

Health

Safety

fully

implemented

in-house

program

conducting

reemployment and

periodic

physical

examinations

using

Commission's

Occupational

Health physicians. X-rays, laboratory testing and speciality consultations in
support of the program are ordered from M ED DAC on an as-needed basis.
The agency's disabling injury frequency climbed from 5.58 per one million

man-hours worked

in fiscal year

1980 to 6.85 in fiscal year

1981.

The

increase is

primarily the result of significant personnel turnover which

resulted in many position vacancies in the field being filled by employees and
supervisors with relatively less job experience and safety indoctrination.

Safety

continues

receive

management

emphasis

throughout

organization.

LIBRARY

The

Library

Services

Branch

SERVICES
f Community

Services

Division

responsible for providing mission-support information and research to the
Panama Canal Commission, maintaining a special collection of library and
three-dimensional materials relating to the history of the Panama Canal,
and providing general library service to Commission employees and their
dependents, U.S. Forces and their dependents, and to the extent possible,
other Isthmian residents.
The circulation index increased from 715.4 in fiscal year 1980 to 874.6 in
fiscal year 198 1. The reference index decreased from 14.7 in fiscal year 1980

Chapter

ADMINISTRATION

AND

STAFF

PERSONNEL
FORCE EMPLOYED AND RATES OF PAY

At the end of
was 8,656 comj
1981, 7,846 v
temporary. In
Commission oi
employed by th
Approximate
Panamanians;
percent of U.S
Wage Base for
the Isthmus ir

positions
October 1
on or aftei
hired into
table sho

I

fiscal year 1981, the total Isthmian force of the Commission

pared
iere
addit
n the

to 8,626 e
full-time
ion, there
Isthmus.

ie Commission in
ely 74 percent of
3 percent of third
. citizens. Rates (
occupational cate
jior to October 1

Employees i
permanent
were 9 m
Twenty-tw

New
the to
count
)f pay
gories

n fiscal year

980.

Of the total in

and 801 were part-time and
itary personnel assigned to the
persons, all U.S. citizens, were

-leans and Washin
I Isthmian force is
nationals; and th<
ere established on

rton, D.C.
comprised
remaining
a Canal A

which were filled by recruitment on

, 1979; on a U.S. Wage

normally filled by recruitment from the United

, 1979; on
r October
Critical 5
ws the C

Base
Stath

Panama Area Wage Base for employees hi
1979; and on a Critical Skill Wage Base for
ill Occupations after October 1, 1979. The
mission permanent full-time Isthmian

for those
es prior to
red locally
employees
following
force by

citizenship and wage base, excluding student assistants:

Final Year 1981

Canal Area Wage Base ...
U.S. Wage Base .... ...... . . . .
Panama Area Wage Base ......
Critical Skill Wage Base ......
Total Full-time Permanent

* *0ew*
* * . . .
* . S * S
* * 4 S
Force

* *4**

* S S S S 4 9
* 9****~

* . . , * S
*. S . . . 9
*.....ee

C..S.
129
1,667
38
12
1,846

'on-
U.S.
4,178
1,617
143
62
6,000

Tital
4,307
3,284
181
74
7,846

I Inn ltl4nr A 1 Amn rrntn 4 r 0rA Irn.. -hAn *,nX +.- n.. L.. -- C .^ -I _ _

["

ADMINISTRATION

AND

STAFF

EQUAL

OPPORTUNITY

PROGRAM

During fiscal year 1981

the Administrator delegated joint responsibility

for an Upward Mobility Program for the Panama Canal Commission to the

Office of Personnel Administration and Office of Equal Opportunity.

The

concept

hared

responsibility

minority-related

programs

in the

Commission

proved

effective

earlier

with

Office

Personnel

Administration and

Office of Equal Opportunity jointly

developing and

implementing

other

EEO

Programs

Panamanian

Preference

Program. At the conclusion of the fiscal year, planning was completed for

both units to

hare responsibility also for the agency'

Handicap Program.

Pursuant to its responsibility for monitoring the Panamanian Preference

Program,

the Office of Equal Opportunity studies concluded that the trend

of growing participation of Panamanians is evident in all wage categories
and at all pay levels throughout the Commission. In the second half of fiscal

year

alone

, the percentage of Panamanians increased in

of the 14

wage categories.

The following trend

between the conclusion of fisca

year

980 and fisca

year

were noted in the permanent work force

in Permanent Work

Force

Fiscal Year

Percent
Increase/
Decrease

Panamanian...........
Third Country Nationals

Total..

1,920
5,499
308
7,727

1,866
5,778
280
7,924

EEO stud

optional retirements for the period between October 1,

1979

, and September 30,

1981

, reflected that the permanent Panamanian

work force grew in

size

approximately equivalent to the number of U.S

optional

retirements

during

first

years

operation

Commission.

During

period,

U .S.

citizens

elected

optional

retirement and the permanent Panamanian work force

PUBLIC

increased by

AFFAIRS

During fisca

year

1981

the Office of Public Affairs

expanded agency

communication
participation ii

with

shipping

world

maritime

conferences

industry

through

exhibition

increased

well

providing press releases to additional

shipping publication

port city

newena ners

Th"

Nh A A A

SI It I nI ! /"

CANAI

REVIEW was

published

on the

second

-9.1
+2.5

r

PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 23

OMBUDSMAN
The Office of the Ombudsman, established by the implementing legisla-
tion for the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977, continued to provide answers to
requests for information, and investigate administrative problems,
inefficiencies, and conflicts caused within the Panama Canal Commission
and other U.S. Government agencies on the Isthmus as a result of the
Treaty. The widest latitude possible was given to those problems affecting
employee morale and quality of life.
During fiscal year 1981, over 1,350 requests for information and
assistance were registered at the Ombudsman's office. Based upon the origin
of these requests, it is evident that the primary impact of the Treaty has been
felt by Commission employees and employees who were transferred to the
Department of Defense with their functions from the former Panama Canal
Company/Canal Zone Government. The nature of the questions referred to
the office and the problems which required solutions reflected the stresses
and anxieties experienced by the employees and dependents in reaction to
the impact of the Treaty and implementing legislation, both at work and on
their personal lives.

INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS
The statutory provisions of federal labor-management relations included
in the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 which were made applicable to the
Panama Canal Commission by the Panama Canal Act of 1979, continued to
be implemented during fiscal year 1981. Contract negotiations with the
International Organization of Masters, Mates and Pilots continued through
the first quarter of the fiscal year culminating in an agreement covering some
253 Panama Canal Pilots. The contract became effective on January 2,
1981. On February 12, 1981, the Federal Labor Relations Authority
(FLRA) issued a decision relative to the remaining units of Commission
employees which could be considered appropriate for collective bargaining
and ordered that a self-determination secret ballot election be held to permit
employees to select their exclusive union representatives. The Commission-
wide election was conducted on May 5-6, 1981.
At the close of the fiscal year, the unions which won the election
(International Association of Fire Fighters, Local 13, the Maritime/ Metal
Trade Council Coalition; and the Marine Engineers Beneficial Association,

Chapter

FINANCIAL RE

FINANCIAL

;PORT

STATEMENTS

FOR

THE

FISCAL

YEAR

ENDED

SEPTEMBER

1981

The United States of America and the Government of Panama signed the

Panama

Canal

Treaty

1977

a Treaty Concerning the

Permanent

Neutrality and Operation of the Panama Canal on September

7, 1977.

The

Treaties were ratified by both countries and entered into force on October 1,

1979.

The Panama Canal Act of 1979 (Public Law No. 96-70) was passed by

the Congress of the United States on September 27, 1979. This Act provided
the legislation necessary for the implementation of the Panama Canal Treaty
of 1977 and for the operation and maintenance of the Panama Canal under

Treaty.

This Act also established the Panama Canal Commission as an

appropriated
operational

fund

agency

capital

funds

United

State

Panama

Government.

Canal

such,

Commission

specifically authorized and appropriated by law.
The Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 resulted in liquidation of the Panama
Canal Company and the Canal Zone Government, effective September 30,
1979. At liquidation, $84.2 million of fixed assets at net book value and $0.7

million

other assets were transferred at

no cost to the Government of

Panama. At the same time

, $34.9 million of fixed assets at net book value

$1.4

million

other

assets

were

transferred

to other

government

agencies

cost.

liquidation,

unexpended

balances

appropriation accounts of the Canal Zone Government were covered into

general fund

of the

U.S.

Treasury. At the same time, all unexpended

FINANCIAL

REPORT

Commission.

During fiscal year

1981,

the Congress of the

United States

appropriated to the Commission from the Panama Canal Commission Fund
$764,610,000 (Public Law Nos. 96-400, 96-536 and 97-12). Of that amount,
$370,351,000 was for operating expenses of the Commission for that year,

$350,000,000 for repayment to the general fund of the U.S.

Treasury of the

fiscal year 1980 appropriation, $31,560,000 for Commission capital outlay,
$10,000,000 for establishment of the Panama Canal Emergency Fund, and
$2,699,000 for payment to the Government of Panama of fiscal year 1980 net
revenues pursuant to paragraph 4(c) of Article XIII of the Panama Canal

Treaty

1977

. Of

fiscal

year

1981

operating appropriation,

$17.3

million remained unobligated at year end and will be returned to the U.S.

Treasury.
operating

In addition

funds,

appropriation

were

to the return

$14.2

of these

million

deobligated

unobligated

fiscal

during

fiscal

year

year
1981

fiscal year

1980

1981

operating

will also

returned to the U

Treasury.

Of the capital appropriation for fiscal year

1981, $24.7 million were obligated, with the balance of funds being retained
by the Commission for obligation during subsequent fiscal years. Of the $3.6
million unobligated balance of fiscal year 1980 capital appropriation, $2.3

million were obligated during fiscal year

1981.

The financial statements of the Panama Canal Commission, appearing as
Tables 1 through 6, with accompanying notes, present the financial position
of the Commission at September 30, 1981 and the results of its operations for
the fiscal year then ended.
The accounts and statements of the Panama Canal Commission have been

examined

General

Auditor

Commission

U.S.

General

Accounting

Office.

Detailed

audit

reports

U.S.

General

Accounting

Office

are directed

to the

Congress

are presented

Congressional documents.
Summary information concerning operating results and capital expendi-

tures follow

RESULTS

OPERATIONS

Net loss

from operations amounted to $0.9 million.

This amount wil

recovered from subsequent revenues as required by section

Panama Canal Act of 1979 (Public Law No.

1602(b) of the

96-70)

PANAMA

CANAL

COMMISS

ION

PRICE-LEVEL

ADJUSTED

STATEMENTS

The

balance

heet

statement

operations

presented

on the

conventional bas

of historic

costs are also separately presented to

how

the impact of inflation on the balance sheet and the results of operations.

These

price-level

statements,

accompanied

explanation

methodology of their preparation, follow the notes

to the regular financial

statements.

FINANCIAL

REPORT

Table 1.-Balance Sheet

Assets
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT:

At cost (Note 2c)

$866,931,982

$843,465,642

accumulated

depreciation

and valuation

allow-

ances (Note

, and 4).

400.615

384,231,884

466,316,392

459,233,758

CURRENT ASSETS:
Fund balances and cash (Note 5):
Operating funds:
Obligated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . ..
Unobligated to be returned to the U.S.
(Tables 3A and 3B) ......... .

Capital funds...
Emergency fund
Postal fund ....
Trust fund .....

59,433,349

76,894,964

Treasury

* . . . ~9~9~~~~~~* . S S **~S*S**** S *
* ..s...... .t9t....... S S S S *655*
* . . . *4** 5*65545* *9.9.S..*.. S *4
* .4.4.5* *5....... 5******* S * S S S

Cash receipts for deposit

Accounts
accounts
(Note 2f)

receivable, le
of $125,760
a e... . 0 S* .

into U

allowance

Treasury

for

$705,648,

J ......

doubtful

respectively

(Note

Other receivables

Inventories,

stock

(Note 2g)

Other current assets

allowance

$717,561

for obsolete

excess

respectively

93t** *5555559 *995*I*44# 55O** *9

* a S S S S * S *5***94* S S *#att***e S S 59

31,512,246
25,475,158
10,000,000
169,352
1,196,306
368,145
128,154,556

11,278,598
1,201,581
12,480,179

40,284,331

360,073

181,279,139

19,842,317
20,186,122

186,784
1,360,268

1,661,600

120,132,055

21,961,458
5,153,925
27,115,383

25,743,294

1,510,079

174,500,811

OTHER ASSETS:
Deferred charges:

- - S

PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

September 30, 1981 and 1980

Liabilities
INVESTMENT OF THE UNITED STATES:
Invested capital:

Interest-bearing (8.402% and 7.096%,

respec-

tively) (Note 8) .. . . . . .
Non-interest-bearing...........

959999999999 * S 99
~ *9*9v 9*9

$128,419,111
249,101,935
377,521,046

$148,246,061
236,530,780
384,776,841

Current budgetary accounts (Note
Obligated operating funds...
Obligated capital funds .....
Unobligated capital funds ...
Unobligated emergency fund

CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Accounts payable:

Treasury

-Unobligated operating funds to be

returned (Tables 3A and 3B) ..............
U.S. Government agencies (Note 9) ... ..

Government of Panama

Other

Accrued liabilities:

Employees' leave ..
Salaries and wages

Retirement benefits to certain former employees

predecessor agencies (Note

Employees'

repatriation......

Damages to vessels (Notes 6 and 10)

revenue

payable

(Note 11)

Other

Other current liabilities:
Advances for capital

Unfunded damages to v

to Government

..... ...t
. S * * * S . S SW
* a 9*. . ..

of Panama

* S * C C *9CCCCCC C C C S S Wa...... 9
* 9* 9S9SW*4St S****** *99*999*

Note 2d)

essels (Notes

6 and

Other

59,433,349
17,371,012

8,104,146
10,000,000
94,908,507
472,429,553

31,512,246
19,367,682
8,397,367
3,672,626
62,949,921

34,711,831
5,278,400

1,506,000
2,427,000
11,514,828

1,120,525
56,558,584

16,785,190
13,870,414
1,195,849
31,851,453

151,359,958

76,894,964
16,630,877
3,555,245

97,081,086

481,857,927

19,842,317
13,972,693
7,004,420
6,468,939
47,288,369

32,814,578
4,339,009

1,613,000
1,991,000
30,272,398

2,699,181
2,658,193
76,387,359

6,909,190
7,213,170
1,369,035
15,491,395

139,167,123

PANAMA

CANAL

COMMISSION

Table 2.-Statement of Operations and Non-Interest-Bearing Investment
Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 1981 and 1980

OPERATING

REVENUES:

Tolls (Note 2b)...

Advances for capital (Note

Net tolls revenue.
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . .

* . S

* S *SS*S***9 ~9*** *9S'Get*
* . . S S * 5656*G* e........ SG

Total operating revenue

$303,080,358
(9,876,000
293,204,358
94,822,263
388,026,621

$293,443,942
(6,909,190)
286,534,752
82,874,355
369,409,107

OPERATING EXPENSES:
Payments to the Government of Panama (Note 11):

Public services
Fixed annuity.

* *G**GS*G C C 55***c *. C.... eec...
* Beceebee G~'~*~C* C * C e*e*ceU~9S

Tonnage

Maintenance of channels and harbors
Navigation service and control ......

Locks operation..........

e c...... .....S
"'S'C 0" GCG "'t ma

10,000,000
10,000,000
56,862,970
76,862,970

29,598,168
65,799,050
41,049,238

10,000,000
10,000,000
54,952,599
74,952,599

29,279,427
55,169,624
31,485,789

General repair, storehouse, engineering and mainten-

ance services...........
Transportation and utilities
Housing operations.......
General and administrative

Interest
Other ..

e.e.c..e...c......e......
........... .* . ... .tt .t .

* 9~9~~ 999C99*99
S S S C S 55**&668 S65 S

Total operating

expenses

NET REVENUE (Loss) (Notes 2b, 7 and

11,209,161
36,221,226
6,677,494
69,979,767
11,254,119
40,292,686
388,943,879

8,178,834
70,179,784
11,938,624
40,766,709
366,709,926

,258)

2,699,181

INVESTED CAPITAL-NON-INTEREST-BEARING:
Investment at beginning of fiscal year .........
Net revenues payable to Government of Panama

236,530,780

226,897,674

(Note

(2,699,181)

I) 59599*C9C*C CCS * *e.S.Ge

Unrecovered costs transferred to other assets
(Notes 2b and 7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Funds covered into the U.S.

Due U.S.

Treasury ...

Treasury for undeposited receipts

Plant reactivations....
Interest on investment

INVESTMENT AT END OF FISCAL

Sc......
...*...t S S S

YEAR

. S SeG~CC*
* C C S .55cc

* S * S * C S
* S S S C S *

917,258
,661,600
(368,145)
23,581
,254,119

$249,101,935

(643,918)

1,661,600)

11,938,624
$236,530,780

.. e..... . . . . . (917

FINANCIAL REPORT

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PANAMA

CANAL

COMMISSION

no

*

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as
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i" -U

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T.

FINANCIAL

REPORT

Table 4.-Statement of Changes in Financial Position
Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 1981 and 1980

1981

SOURCE OF FUNDS:
From Operations:
Revenue....

$388,026,621

$369,409,107

Less operating expenses:
Interest on net direct investment

Payments to the
(Note 11) . ...
Other expenses...

Government

Panama

.* ... m e.....

Total operating expenses...

Net revenue (loss) (Notes 2b, 7 and 11)........

Add transactions not requiring outlay of funds:
Depreciation (Note 2e) ................

Amortization

adjustment

of deferred

item s ..............................
Provision for Canal lock overhauls (Note 2i)
Provision for casualty losses (Note 2j)....
Interest on net direct investment..........
O their . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total source of funds ..................

11,254,119

76,862,970
300,826,790
388,943,879

(917,258)

17,813,844

251,607
3,093,000
12,200,000
11,254,119
2,674,159

46,369,471

11,938,624

74,952,599
279,818,703
366,709,926

2,699,181

17,779,979

45,207
2,727,000
0,671,433
1,938,624
3,702,690

49,564,114

APPLICATION OF FUNDS:
Canal lock overhauls expenditures
Casualty losses . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Accrued capital expenditures.....
Reduction in equity of the United

* . .*. .." .. S...* 6 *
.....***.*. ........

states

Total application of funds ...........

INCREASE (DECREASE)

IN WORKING CAPITAL

156,466
5,379,383
25,565,636
18,509,914

49,611,399

$(3,241,928)

4,724,648
9,214,092
17,805,823
44,370,747

76,115,310

$(26,551,196)

Increase

(decrease)

CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash.......
Receivables.
Inventories .
Other .......

$(1,474,849)
(14,635,204)
14,541,037
(1,150,006)
(2,7 19,022)

$(186,564)
(1,319,116)
(901,330)
(582,121)
(2,989,131)

CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Accounts payable
Accrued liabilities
Other ...........

* S . S . *tS. *. S * .* S ..* *.6.... ...0
*. S . * *S . . * . . ..S StS S S. . S.S . a S S .S * . S
*. a *....*.. a......SSS.S *. S... ... C

(3,991,623)
19,828,775
(16,360,058)

(522,906)

(18,901,467)
9,424,045
(14,084,643)
(23,562,065)

PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

Table 5.-Statement of Status of Appropriations

September 30,

SOURCE OF APPROPRIATIONS

1981 and 1980

(TABLES 3A AND 3B):

Funds reserved at FY 1980 year-end for payment of
liabilities and undelivered orders, operating appro-

priations, brought forward
Appropriations for operating
Appropriation for repayment
the U.S. Treasury for the I
Restoration of FY 1980 oper;
Funds reserved at FY 1980

liabilities and

undelivered

� � . � . e . � . � � . � . . . O � .
expenditures..........
to the General Fund of
-Y 1980 appropriation ..
eating appropriation.....
year-end for payment of

orders,

capital

appro-

priations, brought forward.....................
Unobligated balance of FY 1980 capital appropriation
(no year) retained, brought forward..............
Appropriations for capital expenditures (no year)....
Emergency fund (no year) ........................

TOTAL . ............... ... ...... ... .. ..........

APPLICATION OF APPROPRIATIONS

$76,894,964
373,050,000

350,000.000
4,892,198

16,630,877

3,555,245
31,560,000
10,000,000

$866,583,284

TABLES 3A AND 3B):

Expenditures from capital appropriations:

Fiscal year 1980.
Fiscal year 1981 .

5ScISS*ll

Funds reserved for payment of liabili
undelivered orders, capital appropriations:
Fiscal year 1980 . ..... . . . . . . . . . ..
Fiscal year 1981 ..................
Unobligated balance, capital appropriations

retained:
Fiscal year 1980.
Fiscal year 1981.

* C C 555
* * I 155

* a .. . .. . .. . . S . . . ..�. .
*S .. . * .t ... �. .�.C S .. C

* S S

$14,734,646
11,536,318

cities

4,162,768
13,208,244

(no year)

1,288,708
6,815,438
363.891.567

350,000,000

59,433,349
31,512,246
10,000,000

Expenditures from operating appropriations ........
Expenditures from operating appropriations for
repayment to the General Fund of the U.S. Treasury
for the FY 1980 appropriation ..................
Funds reserved for payment of liabilities and
undelivered orders, operating appropriations ......
Unobligated balance, operating appropriations lapsed
Unobligated emergency fund (no year) retained......

$. . . . . . . . . . .
427,158,000

*.S.S.S S .g .SS .

36,625,000
S. *.. ........

$463,783,000

$16,438,878

16,630,877
St..........

3,555,245

330,420,719

76,894,964
19,842,317
*. ee..... c.

TOTAL ................ . ...... ...*........... ......

$866,583,284

$463,783,000

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.

FINANCIAL REPORT

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

NOTES TO

Treaty Impact.
On September 7

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1977 the United States of America and the Government

of Panama signed the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977

hereafter referred to as

Treaty,

Operation

a Treaty
Panama

Concerning

Canal.

These

Permanent

Treaties

were

Neutrality

ratified

both

countries and entered into force on October 1, 1979.

The

Treaty terminated

prior

treaties

between

United States and

Panama concerning the

Panama Canal. On September 27, 1979, the United States Congress passed

the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (Public Law No.

96-70), hereafter referred to

as the Act, to provide legislation necessary for the implementation of the
Treaty and for the operation and maintenance of the Panama Canal under

Treaty.

The

Treaty provided for the Government of Panama to assume complete

sovereignty over the former Canal Zone, and to gradually assume control of

operation

defense

Panama

Canal

over

period

1979

through 1999.

The Treaty also provided for the establishment of the Panama

Canal

Commission

on October

1979

assume

certain

operational

responsibilities

that

previously

were

responsibilities

Panama

Canal Company and the Canal Zone Government.

When the Treaty terminates on December 31, 1999, all of the assets of the
Panama Canal Commission will have been transferred to the Government of

Panama based upon the prescription

of the Treaty and the Act.

The effects

these

long

range

requirements

are not

considered

in the

financial

statements.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

a. Accounting and reporting.

As required by section 1311 (a) of the Act,

the accounts of the Commission are maintained pursuant to the Accounting

and Auditing Act of 1950.

related
General

requirements

United

This requires that the principles,

accounting,

States

after

as prescribed

consulting

with

standards and
: Comptroller

Secretary

Treasury

Director

Office

Management

Budget

concerning their accounting, financial reporting and

budgetary needs,

FINANCIAL REPORT

This section of the

, known as the "statutory toll

formula,

" provides

that:

"Tolls
cover

hall be prescribed at rates calculated to produce revenues

as nearly

as practicable

costs

maintaining and

operating

appurtenances

Panama
related

Canal

thereto

, together

with

, including

facilities

unrecovered

costs

incurred on or after the effective date of this Act,

interest, deprecia-

tion

, payments

to the

Republic

Panama

pursuant

para-

graph 5 of Article III and paragraph 4(a) and (b) of Article XIII of

the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977

, and capital for plant replace-

ment

at rates

, expansion, and improvements.

calculated

Tolls shall not be prescribed

to produce revenues sufficient to cover pay-

ments to the Republic of Panama pursuant to paragraph 4(c) of

Article XIII

of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977."

Under

recovered
subsequent

statutory

from

tolls

subsequent

revenues

formula

revenues.

is transferred

, any

The

from

unrecovered

amount

Invested

Capital

costs

are to be

recovery

from

to an account

within the Other Asset

classification.

Unrecovered costs are charged back

to Invested Capital to the extent subsequent annual revenues exceed annual
costs.

Property, plant and equipment.

recorded at cost

Property,

plant and equipment are

or, if acquired from another Government agency

at the

value determined by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
Administrative and other related general expenses are recovered currently

and therefore not capitalized.

The cost of minor items of property, plant and

equipment is charged to expense as incurred.

Advances

capital.

portion of toll

in excess

depreciation

recoveries may be programmed annually by the Board of Directors for plant

replacement,

expansion,

or improvements.

Such

funds

are considered

capital

advances

from

Canal

users.

Upon

utilization,

these advances are

amortized
calculated
advances.

through

offset

depreciation

to approximate the depreciation

expense

on assets acquired

amount

with such

Depreciation.

Depreciation i

provided u

sing a straight-

ne method

. . . .*' . - -, -

PANAMA CANAL COMMIS

SION

Inventories.

cost, plu

of Panama.

Operating material

supplies are stated at average

t of transportation to the ultimate destination on the I

An allowance has been established to reflect the

thmu

estimated cost

of obsolete and excess stock.

Retirement

benefits.

Employer payments

to the contributory Civil

Service Retirement System or to the Republic of Panama Social Security

System are charged to expense. The
payments to employees under these

Commission has no liability for future

systems.

Non-

United

States

citizen

employees

who

retired

from

predecessor

agencies

prior

to October

are not covered

the Civil

Service

Retirement Sy

tem but do receive benefit

The amounts of the payment

made under thi

under a separate annuity plan.

annuity plan are recorded as a

current-year

expense.

The liability

the Commi

ssion for future annuity

payments to these former employees or their eligible widows is reflected

the balance
Predecessor

heet as

Agencies

"Retirement Benefits to Certain Former Employees of

" and

an equal

amount

is recorded

as a Deferred

Charge.

required

Panama

Canal

Panama

Canal

Commission is liable for the

increase in the unfunded liability of the Civil

Service Retirement Fund which i

attributable to benefit

payable from that

fund

or on behalf

, employees

their survivors

under the early

retirement
increased i

charge to

provisions of the

expen

e to cover the

Act.

The annual

installment to liquidate the

ability is determined by the Office of Personne

A reserve i

estimated cost

Management.

provided through an annua
of periodic lock overhauls.

Reserve for casualty losses.

A reserve

is provided through an annual

charge to expense to cover the estimated cost of marine accidents and other
casualty losses.

Housing

rights.

monetary

value

is assigned

to the

right

granted to the United States

by the Republic of Panama to u

housing transferred to the Republic under the term

of the Tre

e Canal Area
;aty. The cost

to manage,

maintain and provide livability

improvement

to these quarters

is charged to expense.

Rental income i

included in other revenues.

Plant

Valuation Allowances.

r . 4 . j -

i. Reserve for lock overhauls.

FINANCIAL REPORT

amounted to $1 16.6 million comprised of: (a) $5.9 million to reduce to usable
value the cost of property, plant and equipment transferred; (b) $50.9 million
to offset interest costs imputed for the original Canal construction period;
and (c) $59.8 million to offset the cost of defense facilities and suspended
construction projects, the latter being principally the partial construction of
a third set of locks abandoned in the early part of World War II.
Property, plant and equipment offset by valuation allowances, when fully

or partially
allowance .
investment

reactivated,

are reinstated

increase

United

States

a reduction

in the

non-interest-bearing

proportion

valuation
net direct

value

Commission of the reactivated asset.

4. Depreciation as a Percentage of Average Cost of Plant.

The provision for depreciation,

expressed as a percentage of average cost

of depreciable plant exclusive of valuation allowances, was 2.41% for fiscal

year

1981

and 2.46% for fiscal year

1980.

Fund Balances and Cash.
The fund balances and cash of $

28,154,556 are made up of $123,419,659

on deposit in the U.S

Treasury, $

837.81

on deposit in commercial banks,

and $1,897,085 on hand.

Of the total, $94,908,507 is comprised of current

budgetary

accounts

which

include

appropriated

funds

operations,

capital and the emergency fund.

The emergency fund represents the amount

on deposit in the U.S

Treasury which is to be used

. . to defray emergency

expenditures and to insure the continuous efficient and safe operation of the
Panama Canal when funds appropriated for the operation and maintenance

of the Canal prove insufficient for such purposes.
cash are composed of the following:

..." The fund balances and

Millions
ofdollars

Operating and capital funds ............
Emergency fund ........... . ............
Unobligated funds to be withdrawn by the U.
Postal fund .. . . . . .. .. . .. .. . . . . . . .
Trust fund ..............................

S. Treasury ... ............ . .

$84.9
10.0
31.5

1.6
$128.2

Fund balances and cash

The postal fund consists of outstanding money orders, postal savings and

t ^arar* an ro rr nnnO i t

Tic- fnn ni r mor ; l oivim1kin 1intl 1;n;i;A ata

PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

7. Unrecovered Costs Due from Subsequent Revenues.

Pursuant to the provisions of section

1979 (Public Law No.

602(b) of the Panama Canal Act of

96-70) the net loss from operations of $0.9 million wa

deferred as an

unearned

cost to

be recovered

from subsequent revenues.

Also,

in accordance with section

341(e) of that Act such unearned cost

must be deducted from any future net operating revenues due Panama.

8. Interest-Bearing Net Direct Investment.

The

interest-bearing

net direct

investment

United States

n the

Panama Canal is computed based on section 1603(a) of the Panama Canal

Act of 1979.

Computations are as follows:

Million.
of dollars

Interest-bearing investment from predecessor agency:

From Panama Canal Company .......
Transfer to Government of Panama ....

* a * . *a S
* C C C C S C

$319.3
(74.7)

Transfer to Department of Defense... ........
Transfer from Canal Zone Government ........

Panama Canal

Company cash turned into the U.S.

Assumed by the Panama Canal
Fiscal year 1980 transactions:
Disbursments............
Receipts ................
Net property transfers ....
Investment at September 30, 198
Fiscal year 1981 transactions:

Commission

Treasur

(71.3)
187.6

October

S............ . ..

* . a.a a ee *.a ...... .... C
* S.S.SC . .. * * a...... .t
* a a S S C . . . . C. . . t tttt . a
* . S S S C S S * S a a . . .. .. ...

346.9
(384.2)
(2.1)
148.2

Disbursements .....
Receipts ........ ..

..CC C C
* . . .. S a. a

Net property transfers .
Investment at September 30,

1981

* a......... aaaaa......
* C C C * C C C . .C .* . .C C C

* S S S C * * . a a ata... t

"* a a".. '.. . ......C ..C . . a. a.... .. .
*tt...a.. a..... e. e...ee........te e ...... C C.

390.2
(409.7)
(0.3)
$128.4

Accounts Payable-U.S.

Government Agencies.

Included in the accounts payable due to U.S.

Government agencies

ship accident and

other claims

in the amount

of $16.8

that were

forwarded to the Department of Justice in Washington,

D.C.

after reaching

a settlement or receiving a judgement for approval for payment.

Claims for Damages to

Vessels.

Liabilities arising from claims for damages to vessels are divided into fund

and non-fund categories.

The fund category is made up of the following:

Accidents which occurred prior to October

1979.

Accidents which occurred within the Canal locks after Septem-

* * * C C C * C eetW*~** tee.. eta
* * C *e**C*Ct *~CSb****t sis

b.

FINANCIAL REPORT

Payments to the Government of Panama.

Based on Article III and Article XIII

of the

Treaty, the Government of

Panama has received payment for public services, fixed annuity and thirty

cents
year

net ton.

addition

1980 in the amount

of $2.7

to these payments,

net revenues for fiscal

million were paid to the Government of

Panama

in accordance

with

paragraph 4(c) of

Article

XIII,

which states

that an annual amount of up to $10 million will be paid out of Canal operat-

ing revenues to the extent that such revenues exceed

expenditures of the

Panama

Canal

Commission.

This

amount

is subject

to the

limitations

set forth in section

1341(e) of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (Public Law

96-70).

Reserve for Casualty

Losses.

The

reserve

casualty

losses

at September

1981

of $9.2

million

includes $8.2 million for marine accidents and $1.0 million for other.

The

monthly accrual of reserve for marine accidents in fiscal year 1981 was $1.0
million per month for a total of $12.0 million.

Adjusted Billing for Services.

Revenues

services

fiscal
Canal

year

1981

Support

include
Division

$0.8

which

million

were

transit-related

inadvertently

recognized

during fiscal

year

1980,

to conditions

arising

Treaty-related

reduction-in-force process with its inherent disruption of a

trained staff.

Collections of $0.7

million have been received.

Revenues

fiscal

year

1981

also

include a

net overbilling

by Canal

Support Division for transit-related services, primarily due to misapplica-

tion

Official

Tariff.

The

net overbilling, estimated

to be $291,000

consists of pilotage overcharges of $400,000 and tug service undercharges of

$109,000

evaluated

at 90%

95%

reliability

levels,

respectively.

The

precision of the estimate is plus or minus $100,000 for pilotage and plus or

minus $173,000 for tug services.

As of the balance sheet date, the known

adjustments are immaterial.

Audit is

being made and adjustments will be

recorded in fiscal year

1982.

Contingent Liabilities and Commitments.

The estimated maximum liability

in addition to liabilities taken into the

accounts,

which

could

result

from

pending claims and

lawsuits was $4.4

-�ir L i ~ n . df l -. . ai t

PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

Cash and negotiable securities of a kind acceptable by the United States
Government in the amount of $7.0 million were on deposit in a United States
depository designated by the Panama Canal Commission at September 30,
1981 to guarantee payment by third parties of their obligations.

Section

1244 of the Panama Canal Act of 1979 (Public Law No.

96-70)

makes

Panama

Canal

Commission

liable

that

portion

estimated increase in the unfunded liability of the Civil Service

Fund

which

is attributable

to the early

retirement

benefits

Retirement
extended in

sections 1241

and 1242 and the provisions of 1231(b) and 1243(a) (1) of the

Act. As of September 30, 1981

the Commission'

minimum liability through

September

1999

amounted to approximately $350.7

million based on

information furnished by the Office of Personnel

Management.

The Panama Canal Treaty of 1977

, Article XIII, paragraph 4(c),

provides

that

an annual

amount

to $10

million

year

paid

to the

Government of Panama out of Canal operating revenues to the extent that
such revenues exceed expenditures. In the event Canal operating revenues in

year

not produce a surplus sufficient to cover this

payment,

unpaid balance shall be paid from operating surpluses in future years up to

the amount available from these surpluses. As of September 30,

unpaid balance is $17.3

1981, the

million.

FINANCIAL REPORT

Table 1-A.--General Price-Level

Historical
Dollars

General Price-
Level Dollars

Assets
PROPERTY. PLANT AND EQUIPMENT:
A t cost. . . . ..... . ... ... . . .... .. ...........
Less accumulated depreciation and valuation allowances....

(Dollars in thousands)

$866,932
400.616

466.316

CURRENT ASSETS:
Fund balances and cash:
Operating funds:
Obligated ....
Unobligated to

.be returned to the U.S. treasury
be returned to the U.S. Treasury

Capital funds . . .............
Emergency fund .......
Postal fund ... . ... .......
Trust fund..... ... . . . .
Cash receipts for deposit into U

..00......
........6
. . a. * . . . . .

. a..0...0a
Treasury

Accounts receivable-net
Other receivables .......

* . . . a a

* ma...

59,433
31,512
25,475
10,000
170
1,197
368
128,155

11,278
1,202
12,480

$2,706,136
1,317,714

1,388,422

59,433
31,512
25,475
10,000
170
1,197
368
128,155

11,278
1,202
12,480

Inventories:
Materials and supplies-net.........................

40,284

41,533

Other current assets

181,279

182,528

OTHER ASSETS:
Deferred charges:
Retirement benefits to certain former employees

predecessor agencies

Other

.... a........

"....aa. . ..

12,416
1,021

12,416
1,313

`e "'~' '''''''~'''''

`''''Y� 11 �I�� 1

PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

Balance Sheet-September 30, 1981 (Unaudited)

Historical
Dollars

Liabilities

General Price-
Level Dollars

(Dollars in thousands)

INVESTMENT OF THE UNITED STATES:

Invested capital:
Interest-bearing ........
Non-interest-bearing ...

Current budgetary accounts:
Obligated operating funds ..
Obligated capital funds.....
Unobligated capital funds ..
Unobligated emergency fund

. . tat...... ft * aft. S. . . ft.f.t.f . ..

ItftftftSftt ta***** *ftfttft~ft* *

$128,419
249,102
377,521

$896,452
396,129
1,292,581

59,433
17,371
8,104
10,000

59,433
17,371
8,104
10,000

CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Accounts payable:
U.S. Treasury

-Unobligated operating funds

returned. ......... . .
U.S. Government agencies
Government of Panama ..
Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

to be

. . t.....t...... ft ...t..0.
* * a ....... * SS S.ft tf t . . t. . .S. ..

Accrued liabilities:
Employees' leave . .. ........ .....
Salaries and wages ...............
Retirement benefits to certain former

employees

predecessor agencies ....... . . ...........
Employees' repatriation .... . . ..............
Damages to vessels . .. .. .. . . ... . . . .... .....
Net revenue payable to Government of Panama
O their . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

" .j. .

Other current liabilities:

Advances for capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unfunded damages to vessels .......................
O their ..........................................

LONG-TERM LIABILITIES AND RESERVES:
Retirement benefits to certain former employees of
predecessor agencies . . . . . . . . . . ..... ... . . . . . .. .

.4 rlninfr~rrnflanr raorlnrn

94,908

472,429

31,512
19,368
8,397
3,673
62,950

34,712
5,278

1,506
2,427
11,515

1,121
56,559

16,785
13,870
1,196
31,851

151,360

10,910
in nor

94,908

1,387,489

31,512
19,368
8,397
3,673
62,950

34,71
5.27

1,506
2,427
1.515

* . . a . .....
1, 121
56,559

16,785
15,005
1,196
32,986

152,495

10,910
1 A no0�

FINANCIAL REPORT

Table 2-A.-General Price-Level Income Statement for the Year Ended
September 30, 1981
(Unaudited)

Historical
Dollars

General

Price-

Level Dollars

(Dollars in thousands)

OPERATING REVENUES.
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Cost of goods sold
Interest .........

$388,027

* ��.S ..... � a �... .. ��t ". ..t.. C.
* ft . . a.. .* . . *..a *. . .. . . . . .* * * C. * ftft .f

Operating expense....
Administrative expense

Depreciation.

Operating revenue

General price-level

NET REVENUE (Loss) ...........

ain ... .. .......................
ain (loss) .. ........... *.. .... ... .

11,254
290,280
69,150
17,814

388,944

(917)

$(917)

$400,055

11,603
299,279
71,293
50,726

433,361

(33,306)

5,554

$(27,752)

The accompanying notes summarize the methods employed in the preparation of this statement.

NOTES

PRICE-LEVEL

FINANCIAL

STATEMENTS

. Methods

employed

preparation

general

price-level

financial statements:

Historical dollars are restated in terms of purchasing power at the

end of fiscal year 198

The change in the value of money has been measured

by using the gross national product implicit price deflators provided by the

U.S.

Department of Commerce.

b. The restatement of revenues and expenses, except for depreciation,
reflects the change in purchasing power of the dollar during the current fiscal

year.

The restatement of depreciation expenses for the year is based upon the

investment in property, plant and equipment revalued to reflect their ages.
Property, plant and equipment and the investment of the United States are

restated from July

1951

, the date of the previous reorganization of the

enterprise,

although the major proportion

of the plant facilities,

e.g.,

Canal itself and the locks,

were placed in service

in 1914.

Chapter

VI

STATISTICAL

Shipping

TABLES

Statistics

STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 1.-Panama Canal Traffic-Fiscal Years 1972 Through 1981

Traffic a sses tI tolls
on net tonnage bha.is

Traffic assessed tolls on
di\placemnen tonnarge
has is

Fi's^al

year

Long tons

Ni tipiherl
ofl

cargo

Number
frait
transit A

Panama
Canal net
tonnage

Nubehrr
afrnir

t)fslflagt'�

OCEANGOING COMMERCIAL. TRAFFIC'

* 4 * * 9. 9 * * 4 9 * * *' 4 4
* .4 9 4* 9 * S * 4* 444*
* 4 4 9 9* * 4 9 4 * 4 4 *
* 9 4* 44 9 *4* * 4* 4 4 4
...............
...............
. . . . . . . . . .. . .

* 9 9 4 4 4 * 9 44 4** 4 4
* 4 * 9 4 9 9 4 9 9 4 4 9 4 4
* 4 4 4 9 4 9 4* 9 4 9 4 * *
* 9 * 4 4* 9* 49 . 4 4 4 4* *
* . 4 4 4 4 9 4 4 9 9 4 9 * 4
* 4 * 4 * S 9* 4 *' 9 9 4I* 9.
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............

13.766
13,841
14,033
13.609
12,157
3,037
11,896
12,677
12.935
13.507
13.884

$98.764,959
111.032,088
119,422,568
141,898.218
134.204.402
35,272.300
163.826,571
194.773,111
208.376,741
291.838,590
301.762,600

109,233,725
126,104,029
147.906,914
140,101,459
117,212,266
30.888.300
122.978,785
142.518,288
154.110.866
167,214,935
171.221,762

112.971,201
126.203,549
135.715,628
135,053,680
127,778,919
33,686,757
133,353.132
156.907.260
167.470.601
182,063.175
188.656,491

214.681
152.025
200,376
171.006
131.258
23.205
108,642
109,798
136,600
137.593
111,418

OCEANGOING U.S. GOVERNMENT TRAFFIC'

.... .. .... .. 373
.... .. .... .. 248
... .. .....* * * * * * * * . 170
.... ..... ... .85
........... .. 2 18
S * * * *.... .... 88
..4..... .... 4 4103
. . . . . . . . . . I I I

...... ... 101
S. . . . . . . . . 89

$2,651,281
2,285.727
1,831,535
1,376,797
727.983
166.779
805.983
889.093
1.054 169
1,515,326
1.241,442

.742,303
.405,428
.748.963
526.497
177,508
55.383
212,677
291,115
357,482
396,481
301.776

2.913.307
2,478.646
2.021,966
1,.287,777
641.137
118,300
577.483
589.085
726,755
844.748
705.936

250.203
303,033
142,807
122.953
87.728
65,025
165,148
214.145
207.640
217.055
143.121

OCEANGOING FREE TRAFFIC'

* 9 4 * 94 44 99* 4
* 4 4 * 4 4 4 * 4 4

* 4 4 * 4 4 4 4 9 4
* 9 9 4 4* 4 9 4 9 4

* 9 4 4 4 4 9 * 9 9
* 4. 9* 9 49 9 * *
4 44 9 .4 .9 .9
44944.4... 4

62.532
12.810

5,635

380

I
*. 4 .4 .4 9.4. 4
9. 4 .4 .9.9 4 9

76.750
42.633
56.364
694
22.854
1.474
21.252
3.789
4.527
1 .686
2.248

23.275
20.640
27,244
10.400
41.655
1.800
10.380
1.100
2.194
4,810
8.544

TOTAL OCEANGOING TRAFFIC'

* 4 9 4 9 9 4 4 4 4 * 4 4 4 4
* 4 * 4 4* S 44 4 4, 4* 9 4

* 4 4 4 4 9 9 4 4 * * 9 4 4 9
* 4 4 4 4 4 9 4 4 * 9 l * 9 9
* 4 4 4 4 9 4 4 4 4 9 9 4 .4
* 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 9 4

14.238 $
14.238
14.304
13,786
12.280
3.059
11 997

101.416.240
113.317.815
121.254.103
143,275,015
134,932.385
35.439,079
164632. 554

111,038,560
127,522.267
149,655.877
140.627,956
117.395.409
30,943,683
123.191.842

14,128
14.121
14,213
13,715
12.208
3,047
1 1.935

115.961.258
128,724,828
137.793,958
136.342.151
128.442.910
33,806,531
133.951.867

488, 159
475,698
370.427
304.359
260.641
90,030
284. 170

Total traffic

PANAMA CANAL COMMIT

SSION

Table 1.-Panama Canal Traffic-Fiscal Years 1972 Through 1981

(Continued)

Traffic assessed tolls

Traffic
on net

Total

assessed
tonnage

displacement
basis

tonnage

Number
of
transit

tons

cargo

Number
of
transits

Panama
Canal net
tInnage

Number
of
transit

Displace-
ment
tonnage

SMALL. COMMERCIAL TRAFFIC'

* 9 3* 39 * * 5
* S 9* * ** a a in a�

.. .. .. 9 9 9. ..
.. .............

$68,414
59,518
62,376
52,684
49,314
24,785
39,960
63,526
76,591
74,898
65,604

38,243
39,466
23.496
7,939
6,866
1,236
2,820
6.962
7,718

81,998
73,903
77,722
54,174
50,281
15,389
48,717
57,827
69,229
52,052
44,962

2,374

611
1,120
1,229
*. S .9 . . .

SMALL U.S.

GOVERNMENT TRAFFIC'

$4.035
4.065
3,312

* 9 9 9* 5 5 * * 5 9 * * 93*

* *S 9 3* 9 * 9 9 9 � 9 9*
* 9 99 3 5 9t in in 9 * 9WI

* 9 * 99 9 9 9. 5 5 9 * 9 B*

* 9 9 59 * * * 5 9 * * 9* 4*
. * 9 3. 5 5 9. . 5 9 *
*. 9 . 99. . 5. . . . . 5

. .n . . .* 9 99 9. . . .9
* . . . . . . . .*.i.999
...............

...............

12,851
9,504
14,375
15,129
10,712

MALL FREE

* 9* * * 9 3 * *9q

* 99* * 9* 999
*. 9...9,99 .9

6,530
6,848
5,088
6,382
8,019
2,144
16,769
10,742
15,519
14,313
10,431

8
9
*...5 ...t S

RAFFIC2

* * * 9 * * 99 �*

* . 99 9 .* *9

* 5 . * 9 * 3l

TOTAL P

ANA

10
20

944
2,840
2,986
2,160
2,317
2,613

* 9 9 .* in S .9 5

MA CANAL TRAFFIC

9* 99 99 9 39 9 99 5 * *

* S 9S 99 S S * * 3 93 93**
*.,. *,.. .. 3. . 9.Sin
...............

... .. .. .. ..

15,198 $101,488,689
15,109 113,381,398

15,269
14,735
13,201
3,313
13.087

121,319,791
143,332,428
134,987,867
35,465,477
164.685.365

111,076,803
127,561,733
149.679,373
140,635,927
117,402,325

*

30,944,942
23.194.672

14,956
14,892
15,084
14,570
12,994
3,269
12.758

116,044,648
128,800,796
137,873,248
136,398,866
128,495,834
33,823,345
134.004.377

0Ait

498,919
483,594
377,043
312,046
270.590
92,174
302.513

a - .

50 STATI STICA L TA BLES

-e ~~n ~ lfQtr-O 0~ en cu c 1r 7O 3f I 0(
c0Cl0'�� l-'ct0'rOl O0N ~n 00 oIIIQ\0
. - Ir- *- c'r V- *- * p- C ' o
h c-Otn-c-n- e 00 0 ~99 . 0 C
~, eJnr yd~ ncco9~1 flrlo-'r en -

69 ('4 69r -r -lario99~dO

- Cu Jo oo0l~
- C. 6r mdd6v

O 0
CE
F-. en''a, en z -9-v
6 -ci'c0'r oco'r'I'nr9--c 0 00
Ve C' C'* S. V P
r - m l 0'cc0'C000r~ or- '0
c m-'0fl'.0Nen '?O%'n0 I- - o
P trt *V r r.

o C

r-0 co--N oo r- N~ od\0-c 'n cc

SbPnr1 I 0C~Q P rrxy......
r(~ e n'rrnw'nrn0'0'-en-'da'l en

C en Est \ c ~ S nL

0, -, -

UO ' vOfl-Cl'0-tne n %Cn 0 ci 0

4, 0 a 0OClctor 00 lC TIIIOO o c-r
-~~~o9 a 0'--Co%0000nN Cl V
4*C E

0''fE'~~~~ In -
ittosrJCd oo rn N l-mn Ns en
I d' ~ - 0 ' nO dn6 P

,~ -
cI ", 0''0'tccOm flflo~r 0 4l9u o

- (N -Op nQ ~dOm -y
t ~-o----- - --------M 00 - L

U -k '0't't00'0-Cl ne ~w.C'O '~t e
M~ E i&&u{&o6&-ZrZ&&o '6 - C

- Ce

u~ -0

o0 0
Q, S.
- dfN'cftltoO~ lN
-e tj 'fNOnf'rnOr c

PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

Table 3.-Canal Traffic' by Flag of Vessel--Fiscal Year 1981

Measured tonnage

Algeria .....
Argentina . ..
Australia...
Bahamas....
Bangladesh..
Belgium. ....
Bermuda.....
Bolivia......
Brazil. ....... .
Bulgaria ....
Canada .....
Cayman Islam
Chile . . . ...
Colombia ...
Costa Rica...
Cuba . . . . . . .
Cyprus ......
Denmark ....
Dominican Re
East Germany
Ecuador ...
Egypt..... .
El Salvador .
Finland .... .
France......
Ghana ......
Greece ... ..
Honduras ..
Hong Kong..
Iceland . .
India . . . . . .
Indonesia . ...
Ireland . . . .
Israel .......
Italy...... .
Japan .......
Kuwait . .. .
Liberia . . . .
Malaysia....
M alta ......
Mexico ....
Morocco ....
Netherlands .
New Guinea..
New Zealand
Nicaragua.. .
Nigeria ......
Norway......
Panama.....
People's Repul
Peru ........ .
Philippines..
Poland ......
Portugal .....
Qatar ....... .
Republic of Ct
Saudi Arabia .
Singapore....
South Africa .
South Korea .
Spain.......
Sudan .......
Sweden .....
Switzerland ..
Tonga . ... ..

Number
of
transmit.
3
I
13
28
I
90
II
9
35
18
18
31
186
118
8
120
Ill
278
7
43
270
4
I
12
86
2
1,510
81
4
2
60
17
10
37
140
1.146
6
1,738
17
8
54
8
219
I
5
7
3
400
1,.503
102
261
158
101
13
I
134
I
158
7
182
132
2
144
35
I

Panama
Canal
net
46,169
2.525
288.594
132.404
10.124
1,290,454
101,258
76.599
281,155
134,712
86,168
93.571
1,626.221
1.428.026
7.663
696.526
517.605
4,365,042
40.53 I
266.442
1.939.310
71.304
1.143
166.262
1.489.79 I
19,703
18.729,682
411.692
82,604
8.044
905.470
155.600
142.277
693.638
1,663,506
17.421.807
69,958
29.072.728
232.661
89.172
890.228
18.858
2.244.837
3,330
145.315
59,507
23,469
7.231.291
15,247,286
1.454,563
2,.545.238
1.898,200
680,205
189.564
2.551
2,589,291
6.645
2.011.418
56,345
2.627.226
792.334
17.358
2.449,012
408.177
1.257

Registered
gross
54.784
3.255
352.734
143,471
12.193
1.480,577
113.931
96.030
307,468
156.853
132.723
1I1.070
1.861.764
1.559.050
10.238
8 16.785
615,661
5.502.899
46.847
306.865
2,335.318
82.254
1,146
193.870
1.525.911
26,008
21.641.836
503.381
100,913
9.616
1,099,657
169,247
168.280
929,362
2.012.916
16.001,319
88,458
30.595.630
276.617
103,506
1.075.395
18.092
2,623.192
3,895
169.366
67.200
27.415
8.001.584
15.225.258
1,746.586
2.993,395
2.140.963
762.715
236.606
2,904
3.293.570
8,123
2,056.541
67.572
3.259.985
857.588
20. 132
2.415.023
488,263
1.411

$66,689
3.358
481,952
211,175
16,907
2.080.756
155.691
127,920
464.61 1
221,869
161.741
145,655
2.650.593
2,336.468
12,072
1.138.025
849.248
7.164.352
64.356
400,450
3,11 1.463
113.335
1 520
275,447
2.500,559
32,904
30.143.921
636,921
132.336
13.433
1,476,584
259,852
237.603
1,158.375
2.713,402
27,714.101
112,712
46.781.209
388.436
148,917
1,380.113
28,287
3.655,438
4,429
242.676
96,486
39.193
11,838,268
24,429.995
2,335.027
4,155,419
3.142,750
1, 126.346
281,535
4,260
4.266.520
11.097
3.209.663
84,494
4.360,761
1,285.060
28,988
3,996.497
667.488
2.099

Long
un.\ of
cargo
29,724

175.768
39.931
5.823
1,505.813
56,746
57,463
163.783
153.505
104,900
76.909
1.141.641
1.105.868
2.408
566.857
363.683
3.141.857
47.514
107,422
1.201.680
91,279

288,225
1,179,117
9.771
23.522.250
137.924
112,120
14.168
1.197.593
133.362
227,640
488.785
1.195.069
9.795.683
46.774
30.328,925
388,200
S11,568
913.785
5,987
1.557.023

52.489
47.772
23.145
6.091.772
13,957.211
1.931.310
2,774.526
2,148,494
469.888
112.058
797
1.716.377
9.846
1,835.798
30.232
3.149.818
607.161
12.173
1.173.094
336.074
857

STATES

TICAL

TABLES

Table 3.-Canal Traffic'

by Flag of Vessel-Fiscal Year 1981

-Continued

NOTE.

In Canal

ment of 300 net

traffic statistics.

tons (Panama Canal

tons and over, are classified

ment tonnage, hav
the following table

foreign naval

measu

as oceangoing

e been included in the t;

shows

statistics

vessels

recent) and
, commercial
able above.

covering 37 vessels

such as transports, supply ships, tankers,

over, and vessels

vessels.

Statistics

a measure-

of war, dredges, etc.. with a displacement of 500

on these

vessels.

except

as relates to displace-

As displacement tonnage cannot be combined with net tonnage.

which transited

the Canal during

year 1981 and paid tolls on

displacement

tonnage.

Number

trans its

Displace-
ment

tonnage

Canada
Chile ..
Ecuador
France.
Mexico

21,502
3,673
2,278
21,553

$19,997
3,416
2,119
20,044

.... . . . ... . . ...... .... . . d o

Netherlands
Panama ...
Peru .......

............ ...... ... Dredge
. . . . ............ .. . do
. . ............... . . . Naval

* C S C S C S 59*9 5*#t
* S C *CWt 99 tee * em

.... . ...... . . 8

15,482
1,691
12,794

14,398
1,573

Republic
South Ko
Spain...

China

rea ....
S. . . . . .t

(Taiwan)

* 9 5 5 5t S S S C S S C S 99*99
* . . S C C 9 S C C C 5*9 C 9~**

* C 9 5 ** * SC S C S * Si
* . . . . . S .C . 9.St
.. 9CC C S C. S

Turkey . . ......
United Kingdom

S.... .... .... .. * do
. .. .. . .. * . .. do

.... .. .. .... . . CI

4.280

United
United

States ...
States ...

.... ... . .. . . .. . Floating dryd
...... . .. . . ... . . D redge . ....

United S
Uruguay

states ..
S . . 9 'C

. . ...... .. ... . . Naval
. . . ..... .. . . . . do

599 * 99.9. ..

* .C 99
....9..

Total ....

11,418

$103,619

Tolls

................... ...... Naval

STATISTICAL TABLES

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

--'0
en 100r
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0\ 6 9

PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

Table 5.-Laden and Ballast Traffic by Flag of Vessel

Fiscal Year 1981

laden

Ballast

Nwnberr
"I.
transit

Algeria ............
Argentina..........
Australia ......... . .
Bahamas .......... ..
Bangladesh ........
Belgium . . . .... .. ..
Bermuda ..........
Bolivia .... . ... .. .
Brazil . . .. . . . . .
Bulgaria . . . . . . . .
Canada............
Cayman Islands ....
C hile..............
Colombia..........
Costa Rica.........
Cuba..............
Cyprus . . . . . . . ....
Denmark ..........
Dominican Republic
East Germany .......
Ecuador .. . .. . .....
Egypt .............
El Salvador .... ....
Finland ...........
France ... . . . . . . . .
Ghana n ..........
Greece ...........
Honduras..........
Hong Kong ........
Iceland ... . . . ...
India ............. .
Indonesia ......... .
Ireland . .. ..... . .
Israel . ................
Italy ..............
Japan ..... .. . . . .
Kuwait . . . . . ...
L.iberia ............
M alaysia ..........
M alta . . . . . .....
M exico ........... .
Morocco ..........
Netherlands ....... .
New Guinea .......
New Zealand .......
Nicaragua .........
Nigeria . . . . ..
Norway ............
Panama .. ...... ...
People's Republic of
Peru . . . . . . .. . . ....
Philippines..... .
Poland ............
Portugal ...........
Qatar ....... . . . .
Republic of China (T
Saudi Arabia.......
Singapore .........
South Africa......
South Korea .......
Spain .............
Sudan.............

I

13
19

70
7
9
32
16
8
24
161
106
6
97
103
237
5
22
226
3

II
79
2
1,.222
53
3
2
56
17
10
37
124
946
5
1.436
16
8
30
4
170

5
6
3
352
1,193
83
228
153
94
8

123

130
4
173
115
2

Panama
Canal ner
tonnage

15.541

288.594
103, 70
10,124
1.071.917
61.818
76.599
266.690
125.593
79.827
62,368
1.424.420
1.285,862
5.529
622.487
473.039
3,996,606
30.734
135,536
1.559,007
54.414

159.761
1,467.921
19,703
15.392.482
262,855
66.097
8,044
800,908
155.600
142.277
693.638
1.473.350
13.362.053
57.848
23.871.725
232.343
89,172
572.691
9.429
1.927.668

145,315
51,006
23.469
6.531.327
12.204.505
1.,177.817
2,230.453
1,818,071
651.980
86,514
2.551
2,412,507
6.645
1,571.992
28,103
2.539,925
670,863
17.358

I 'Number
of
transl.u

$25.954

481,952
172.294
16,907
1.790.101
103,236
127,920
445.372
209,740
133.311
104.155
2.378.781
2.147,390
9.233
1.039.553
789.975
6.674,332
51.326
226,345
2,603.542
90,871
.. 4... ....!
266.801
2.451,428
32.904
25,705,445
438.968
110.382
13.433
1,337.516
259,852
237.603
1,158,375
2.460,494
22,314,629
96,606
39,863,875
388.013
148.917
956.394
15.746
3,219,205

242.676
85.180
39.193
10.907.316
20.381.523
1.966.954
3,724.857
3.036.179
1.088,807
144.478
4.260
4.028.887
I 1,097
2.625.227
46.932
4.241.675
1,120.341
28.988

2
I

9

20
4
* . 4 . ..
3
2
2
7
24
12
2
23
8
41
2
21
42
I
I
I
3

288
28
I
* . . . ..
4

16
200
I
302
I

23
4
47
I

I

4K
309
19
25
5S
7
5

10

28
3
8
16
* * . . 4

Panama
Canal net
tonnage

30,628
2,525

29,234

218.537
39.440
* . . . . . .
14.465
9.119
6,341
31.203
201.801
142.164
2.134
74.039
44.566
368.436
9,797
130.906
380.303
16,890
1,143
6,501
21,870

3,337.200
148.837
16.507

104.562

190.156
4.059,754
12.110
5.201.003
318

317.537
9.429
317.169
3.330

8,50 1

699.964
3.042.781
276,746
314,785
80,129
28.225
103,050

176,784

439,426
28,242
87.301
121.471
*. . . ,. .

$40.735
3.358

38.881

290,655
52.455

19. 239
12.129
8,434
41,500
268,395
189,078
2,838
98.472
59,273
490.020
13.030
174.105
505.803
22,464
1.520
8,646
29,087

4,438,476
197,953
21.954

139.067
* 4. ......

252,907
5,399.473
16,106
6.917.334
423

422,.324
12,541
421.835
4,429

11,306

930,952
4,046,899
368,072
418.664
106,572
37.539
137.056

235,123

584.437
37.562
116.110
161,556
.. . . .4.

STATISTICAL TABLES

bC~ -

$~-

Cor N -- g r- vr '0000 -morn 'Gi QNr ,- zv - ~ uh cr-coo - 'Co en t- 'o oo6dv4r
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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

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STATISTICAL TABLES

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PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

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Table 9.-Origin and Destination of Commercial C
Fiscal Year 1981 Segregated by

WEST COAST NORTH AMERICA
United Statem
Alasts...�-.........--*-****

al Un ....ted..............
To United Stat.....,...

WEST COAST CANADA.

WET COAST CENTRAL
COSta Rica .........***"
SSalvador *............t

Honduras �, � �...,....
Mexico . ........., ***W
NiarageUa.. . . . � ** . **

Central America (other) .
klbob, R.PF2.... ..... ..

Total Central Amaria ..

r

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* t * gS # *ll * ****** .**** 4CC, *.4*4 CS

,**,a.. 4eII rll~llic~t**t Clr4CS*ll CCF jece SS

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Begiumn
9,352

208,578
217.930

640.488

523

1.134
2.226

* * * * 94
4.194

50A452
50.452

20.405

(anur

Framn

25,702 256.870
25,702 256,870

378,240

20.49E6

143
3.000

21.208

* 3* * * * *1** .0* * 13.949
43X847 1,068 13.949

518,750
518.750

816,302

31,434
471
7.508
2,131
22,234
4.065
40.571
12.637

121.051

Neiher-
lands
6.421
26.634
1,394,862
1,427,917

320.389

Poland

80.386
80.386

161.428

cc..

5.3;
24.5

II
5,9:

. . . . .

36.6

94 ....

33 ........

3.743

78 3.743

WEST COAST SOUTH AME

Colombia ....,...........�
Ecuador *........t.....*.*

South America (ather)1 .....
Total South America .....

155.368 663 ........ 56.550
3.048 ........ .... ... 13
55.868 4 34,808 7.846
136.811 2.693 ........ 32.706
13.314 .... ... . ...... 10.937

364.409

34.808

108.052

124.792
23
40,464
125.838
20.226
311.343

228.767
29.581 12.986
12,640 2
143.072 29.609
11,996 30,149

426.056

72.746

OCEANIA
Australia........
Briehl Oceania ..
French Oceania..
New Zealand....
Oceania (other) .
Total Oeania

ASIA
CMla. (Mainland)
China (Talwan)..
ong Kon .....
Indonesia .. ... .
Japan ...,......
Malaysia...*....
Philippine Islands
Sinppore .......
South Korea ...
Asia (other)'....
Total Ada ...

Grand total.

4.193

37.341
26.463
1.3N0
69.377

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5.533
80,842

7.871
94,246

331
1.614

3.597

3,281
8.823

1.296.398 118.064 64.249 860.180

335
7
7.787
237
3
8.369

222
1.581
m *4****
1.528

**** *4 * c

841
4.172

1.779,987

145

3.449
5,495
9.072
18,161

25.682
2,233
5.018

32.933

2.262,134

6.060
21

4.989

I 1.070

.me.....

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g.m.....

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329.373

Percat of Atlantic-ound Cargo.

Mn fanntumt at nd fa tak h

AMERICA
X************
,*...H*t,. H. "*�

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STATISTICAL TABLES

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* C C.
* C C
* C C

* C

* C C
* C. C
* C C
* C. C.
* C *

* C

0 11

0-

* C.

* C

* C C
* C C

* C C
* C C

* C * u
* C C
* C C.

* C
* C
* C
* C
* C
* C
* C.
* C.

L

- J

PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

nt~dgcr4-ri N?

I-
*

STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.-Cargo Shipments by Trade Routes-Atlantic to Pacific

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO:
West Coast United States..
West Coast Canada........
West Coast Central America
Balboa, R.P. . . . . . . . . . . . ..
West Coast South America

2.703

2,595

5,271

1,845

Chile.....
Colombia.
Ecuador..

Peru ...

2,108

2,604

3,325

4,873

1,786

2,849

2,253

3,354

1,146

1.592

Other ..
Hawaii.....
Oceania ....

2,136

1,554

Australia ...
New Zealand
Other ..

2,502

1,728

1,944

1,278

Asia ..... . ...
China. ...
Taiwan....
Hong Kong
Indonesia..
Japan .... .
Malaysia .

....... 0... ..0
."a.....a......
*. a..... ah......

*...Ct . at...... tat......

......... C

* at......
* . . a.tO .

6..*. *3..t...".....C a ... eta.....

Philippine Islands

Singapore ..
South Korea
Thailand ..

* C C.C.....S S ..C ta .a ...
*. .. . 4C. C*S .C .*.C.t.N

..tee.......
* C. .C . . . . S

55,060
9,767
3,864

32,806
55
440
312
5,242

50,083
6,266
3,642

32,141

4,248

46,522
4,702
3,582

29,127

5,459

U.S.S.R.

Other
Tota

Il ....

*.C.C .t.a.C
* ..CC..tC

at ......C. ..C. C ...t..
a a a .e .... .........t S

1,352
68,965

1,334
64,643

1,205
58,342

EAST COAST CANADA TO:
West Coast United States...
West Coast Canada.......
West Coast Central America
West Coast South America

.. 13
.. 19
53

Balboa, R.P....
Oceania........
Australia ...
New Zealand
Other .....
Asia ....... .. .

200

ate...... . a...

224

209

a at a ..... a..

1,580

1,486

1,785

China ....
Taiwan....
Hong Kong
lI nan

tt....
a . .C.* S

* C tCC ~ C C ~
CC......

........

I~1n-I - rr

,ri

PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 7'

Table 10.-Cargo Shipments by Trade Routes-Atlantic to Pacific-Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal rear

EAST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA To-Continued
O ceania .... . ... .. .. . . .00 . . . .

13

10

Australia ...
New Zealand
Other......

Asia . � . .

.* . 3
*.. 4

221

...... I

163

177

China
Japan
Other

Total

1,918

112
21
1,724

1,681

EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO:
West Coast United States...
West Coast Canada........

..... t......*. "..0e#.
. . . . ..S.* . . . .*9e . .** .* .P .te

West Coast Central America
West Coast South America

.* * *.* * ...'" . I *

1,273
1,904

1,854
1,506

2,306
1,620

1,162

Chile....
Colombia.
Ecuador..
Peru .....

Other
Balboa, R.I
Hawaii...
Oceania ..
Asia . .. .

P.

* tt*P**S* S C *t C SPOtS~S *qSPtSIt SS* 5655
6C* S *4P~~ P P#***S S *0 S S PSOP Pt*SPSt * 565

.S. .. ..*.t.. .... S. . .P P.P .t .SP S . .. * S . -P----
. . . . .. . . * ......... S . P.SPe S S S t SP***. S S S P

2,475

1,883

China......
Japan......
South Korea

.......00 . .....� .OO .� ... ..
*.5.8.te e...... .*5S. S PS.. . ...S ..

2,020
259

1,750
51

U.S.S.R.
Other ..

Total

.... . . .. . . . .. . .. .. . .... . 77
... . .............. .. . .. . .. .. . 3 1

6,136

6,490

28
5,701

CRISTOBAL, R.P., TO:
West Coast South America ........................
O their territories ............... . ..................

Total

WEST INDIES TO:
West Coast United States..
West Coast Canada.......

1,024

at............S.S* S Cte..

1,024
39

West Coast Central America

Balboa, R.P..............
West Coast South America

Chile....
Colombia

. ...... . .... ....I
. P. . .".5 .c 5..0. S." .. S

* 05t*s~* St...... S POSt 555505 etS****S S
C. 54055 t C C 555554500 55*555500w S S *3555

339
1.117

S - 1

5

842

751

529

J ^rt

1 r J

STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 10.-Cargo Shipments by Trade Routes-Atlantic to Pacific-Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year

WEST INDIES To-Continued
Asia-Continued

Taiwan.........
Indonesia......
Japan ..... ....
Malaysia .....
North Korea....
North Vietnam
Philippine Islands
Singapore ......
South Korea....
U.S.S.R. .......
Other ..........

SC * . a a aa. . � . . . . . g. ." . . a.
.* . St.... . a.a. . .a. . t~ * g .
*.. ...... S"0 s....... q.......

* . tt .. ..P*.. a~.. .eS. .. . . *. a * * * * .

* . * **S . . S . t. .t . . . C . u.. . . * . . .t S
. s.s S.".. .. ........ ........
".." . ..... ..... ..... .....

Total

13
403

14
90
105
3,945

1
90
27
4,097

3
27
700
12
11
82
6
25
5
136
54
4.744

EUROPE TO:
West Coast United States..
West Coast Canada.......
West Coast Central America

Balboa, R.P. .............
West Coast South America

Chile....
Colombia
Ecuador.
Peru ....
Other ...
Hawaii......
Oceania .....
Australia

British Ocea
French Ocea
New Zealan
Other .....
Asia .. .......
Singapore .
Taiwan....
Hong Kong
Japan.....
U.S.S.R. ..
South Korea

Other
Tota

.....
l .. .

* S * * 55~~~C**5t a * gsa stat
* S * *S S S~t**t4tS * * **t*au
* * * C StSgtt*t t S * * ***S 556

***s: a** * * t:t:g:u *ua..

......PC..C.SS.C0....a.............*.. S
Q. ........................... ". " . . "...

..S ...* ....t ..... tt.."...t""...... . a
*. .ease. . .. . ..........u. g es m..... U t C e

nia
nia
d

* ~ ~ Cpga5*55 S CCC uSSpaCaS Ca*C***a
CC*ttu555 a * **SC*CS**5 *5C58**C C

J.... . ". .s .tS""at. a".....us......
* a * e.... . ...g t ... ...* B * '" * CS
. e .. p... *S . ..... a ta..... *... . . 5
S..C. St"..""S"""W. ."".....t.......
.. as.... ."....""... p.. C m m .... ..a
app........... a......usa.s...tee...
�* pe e a u. .C* t * as a e St * 5*
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
S...... . ..." s a"t"e . C... ...C..
..* ""."" .Pt.....at.."."".. . ..
a... gas. u.s..tO............ .s.a...g

2,084
497
509

1628
496
92
305
451
284
I
673
99
14
199
167
194
378
8
51
24
156
8
31
100
5770

2,155
395
433

1,211
315
77
186
330
303
2
751
94
14
253
151
239
371
3
28
22
193
3
9
113
5319

2,128
428
736

1,101
379
53
216
252
201
2
844
83
12
322
198
229
346
4
37
16
158
6
24
101
5 585

AFRICA TO:
West Coast United States..
West Coast Canada.......
West Coast Central America
West Coast South America

..s............... spa....
........C.CP.......ssp p.. a
..t.. ..... at.uu* sgge.....
A.. ... .. ...1.... ..

225
47
65
31
"71

n

1?

P1

PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

Table 11.-Cargo Shipments by Trade Routes-Pacific to Atlantic

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year

WEST COAST UNITED STATES TC
East Coast United States .
East Coast Canada ......
East Coast Central Americ
Cristobal, R.P...........
East Coast South America

Argentina ..
Brazil ......
Colombia...
Venezuela ..
Other ......
West Indies .....
Puerto Rico
Other ......
Europe.........

Belgium .....
Denmark ....
East Germany

Finland ...
France ....
Greece ....
Italy ......
Netherlands
Poland....
Romania ..
Spain-Portu,
Sweden ...
United King
U.S.S.R. .
Yugoslavia.
West Germa
Other .....
Asia (Middle Eas
Israel .....
Lebanon
Saudi Arabii
Other ...
Africa . . . . .
Algeria ....�
Egypt ....
Morocco ...
South Africa
Tunisia....
Other ....
Total ...

. asse �t a. at'. ..D. .. , , S
*�ee a a "as.. ... �,as ..s. ...O

" 00c..."a. ......*... .... .. .. . . ...

S e s � � at a.. ."." .... ......e. �. .*. . .

* . . S C * . . a a.. ........ .C..eet* . . *s. e. . t. ...

. * . t e e * . * * * .a. . . , .a . * a. . . . . . . . * a
**** 9*"SS** . e. * . . . . . C . . SI

* 5* *
* . . .
* I U.
eta.
* 9 a a

. C . . "5*****S .ea0 e... *s*C* * .*.
...~.......e..ee.....I ... tat....
*.C...* ....et. .... .es..e ...... *9 9

�. . . . . . . . . . . . . ." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
* e....*c .e.* ...9 . C e...... ..*.C.C

S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m *. . . . . . . . . . .

S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ny.. a ... .e............
Lt) � �.. ..... .

. . . . . � � . . . . . . . . . . . 4 . . . .�. . . . e .
.9,. * C*� .� �
. * t t t a c t...... set tce U
� � � . . . . .111I
. . � � � . � .11 11(1
. . # � � �)11()1 11 )1 11
� �. �� . . � .. .� �� . . � �� . ..

25,256
26
11
12
435
8
202
10
205
10
4.197
3,164
1,033
4411
234
50
26
30
257
18
519
1,428
80
42
105
138
134
9
61
151
1,129
174
36
23
81
34
2.145
63
1,576
264
154
81
7
36 667
l2~

1980

21,316
4
24
5
480
9
274
16
157
24
3401
2,651
750
4978
409
89
32
4
183
77
449
1,418
1 1
17
376
97
190
151
28
221
1,226
_34
27

2
5
471
47
193

152
44
35
30.713

1979

14,370

22
49
486
27
293
14
134
18
4.020
2,836
1,184
4594
393
161

1
347
18
387
1,386
16
54
248
76
188
26

135
1,157
_30
3

8
19
89
25
23

30
Se a .
II

WEST COAST CANADA TO:

C aAA

rr ir i, in

MI L & ML

82 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.-Cargo Shipments by Trade Routes-Pacific to Atlantic-Continued
[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year

WEST COAST CANADA TO-Continued
West Indies-Continued

Puerto Rico
Other .....
Europe........
Belgium ...
Denmark..
Finland ...
France ....
Greece ....

C * S * *S CC* *

S*

* 4 **t *.*ssS.*. S * C C tt**5*~* S.....
* * tamiSt * a *a**tCaa 555*S*aS a at *

*i *sa*

Irish Republic..
Italy ..........
Netherlands....
Poland ........
Romania.....
Spain-Portugal.
Sweden .......
United Kingdom
U.S.S.R... .
West Germany .
Other .........
Asia (Middle East)..

Israel ..
Other ..
Africa......
Algeria.
Egypt ...
Morocco

........
w.......
* *a s t

South Africa
Tunisia.....
Other ......
Total ....

..a. a * . e... ......t..........
* *.45 *t.*.5*** t ...* *tt.m..t*
* .t.......t .. . .. . . .m.. * s m t ...
* we ...*..mtc... ......m *C t 5 *a* t..

ate . . *. .. ..a m........ S * 5mta a * * *
me.a. .. ...S t S.. ., a. .. * * * * ** *S
. ..... S. a.a ..* . *.....*..c......S S
*.s..C C*.. S *..45*5 ..t....... a .. a

*.e.*5.5 ... est a. . 5t...... a.... .e

maca...........*554 t.tt......ass

*.t.a a .. ........ee.as e a... SSSCC .C

* a*.a..tC * *.. tee. * S. S..... .... S
*t#C..........C.****.*.....5...

* 4 s m ta a . ... . ...a. * . . . .....* a..

......a .. ...a .s........m ... ..*...* .. S
*..*...t *.. *.*..*.......... 5 *C*SSt S **
* *5*St.tW S ... mtttt.. ....s a. a.a.* .* .
*.....t. O S a.*. as.. .at.. e.....a.*. .....t
*. t. a55 a. *. s*.. ta . 5.. *S. S ......CC ..

6754
640
20
47
378
145
42
816
320
161

98
167
709
944
621
1,646
91
91

1425
224
90
470
160
440
41
10,419

20
8.169
580
203

504
202
29
1,098
630
298
52
186
56
1,121
891
625
1,694
30
30

1,250
257
62
311
243
338
39
12,238

28
6,715
624
268

402
85
56
808
489
106
33
258
53
1,012
156
679
1,686
4

4
967
309
2
185
216
211
44
9,963

WEST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA 1
East Coast United States ...
East Coast Canada ........
East Coast Central America.
Cristobal, R.P. ............
East Coast South America..

West Indies ..
Europe......
Belgium .
Denmark
France..

S. . . .

.5.....t. C .s .mm.a as
5 Sas.. **C.a***.cats,....

975
6
135
16
40
142
882

41
139
981

S S S S **S *CC** * *m SS *CCS*55

IIL41 . . . *I .. .. * I* . a . * . a . .. .. . m ..
Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Poland . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Spain-Portugal.

14
121
37
4
114

16
155
100
11
75
0

62
103
1,204
6
128
10
162
119
2
81
'ii

PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

Table II.-Cargo Shipments by Trade Routes-Pacific to Atlantic-Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

WEST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO
East Coast United States ...
East Coast Canada ........
East Coast Central America.
Cristobal, R.P. ............
East Coast South America..

Brazil ...
Colombia.
Venezuela
Other ....
West Indies ..

..a.at m a ...... .

*.m.. a.a.a.a .....

. a.. . tt.. at........a ...� ..*

* a a a . mm. .m t. .t . t.m

a * .* * c a a
.o.....

* . a . * a .I
* t.,..

i......

m......t* #.**tt*.tt..a.a.a.a.. a......
. .... a..... m et... CSC... a. . * C... em...

Cuba ............ .
Netherlands West Indies
Puerto Rico ..........
Trinidad/Tobago......
Other . . . ... . . . . . . .

Europe......
Belgium .
Bulgaria.
Denmark

East Germany..
Finland .......
France . . . .. . ..
Greece .. . . . ...
Irish Republic..
Italy . . . . . . . . . .
Netherlands ....
Poland . . . . . . ..
Romania ......
Spain-Portugal.
U.S.S.R.. . ...
Sweden .......
United Kingdom
West Germany .
Yugoslavia.....
Other . . . . . .
Asia (Middle East)..
Iran . . . . . . . . .
Lebanon ......
Saudi Arabia ..
Other . . . . . . . . .

Africa . . . . . . . .

Total

S.t.am . te a..... . . ....*
* S ... t.. m * ... . t ji a e

. m e...... m.....
. ta. t t. .C. . .t

* a..

St* ** t ma ti 9 4iCS t *a t
" 4� s * �t.. . at ""."..

t... ia aia..... aaC
*. *a ... a m...... ..... S

.. a a ..... . .. ... a t a a 4 .I ..... . ..
at...... at......a.t.....a.".. .
e m . . " . � " . " . . t " a " m. . ea . . . . . .

S. . . .. . . . . . . " . . c " a t . . . . .
�m ...�... .c m.. c . .. .. a. . . .
C. Ct.. . .. .. .944. Caca .. . .. . . a atm ma .
.m...........ca.......ae..a.cc.e. a

"..e'mt Rae''.

* . .mma. .. m a.. .. mc ay .. ... at.
a sea m . . . .. ............ cc. ....ca... . a. .
tac,. a a .teaacc. amt . a am. te at. . . . . ., a

* .a.at .a. C .t.. 0. a. .m. . ....
...a at........ca.....m .. m .....
. .c a c . . . . ...... .a a ta ct..., . .. s.c.m.
4 . . e.t.. . 4 C . c. . . . .c.a..sat . . C .
* ma m n. .......... ac . . . cc.. .. ... cm.

. .
* .

' 181
5,331
70
222
3
1.807
166
972
550
119
2,879
106
2,116
42
33
582
3851
364
32
3

15
54
311
426
73
94
169
480
33
289
790
174
364
_123
40

54
29
_106
14,392

Fiscal year
1980
6,986
21
523
2
1.631
73
1,106
386
66
3.291
76
2,513
176
41
485
5.541
460
10
19
48
18
174
38
24
359
451
127
806
280
413
42
288
949
531
504
_166
60
12
14
80
1!5
18,276

1979 '
8,281
34
1,624
13
1,876
48
1,483
274
71
2,556
118
1,935
149
83
271
4512
357
24
19
81
41
167
9
27
375
519
186
110
278
185
23
306
1,025
221
559
_154
34
15
41
64
197
19,247

BALBOA. R.P. TO:
West Indies . . . . . . ...... . .. . . ...... . . . .... . . .
O their territories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Total

HAWAII TO:
Fa~t Cnast IInited States

18

217

48

25

.I LlT

I tI I

..........................

STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 11.-Cargo Shipments by Trade Routes-Pacific to Atlantic-Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal rear

OCEANIA TO-Continued
West Indies-Continued

Jamaica ...
Puerto Rico
Trinidad/ Tol

Other

Europe..

Belgi'
Frane
Italy
Neth<
Norw
Polar
Spair
Swed

um.. ...
ce .�....

.* C

SC� C. ..C .� . �O .CC.C.. ...... . ,.

.ago ......... .. .. ... .......... .
ago *. . .. * *. .. . . ... . . .. .. *

beet**c** * *9e)C***C** SSS* C S(eceC

654CC C....CC...C...e.c...... a yee
* C *iCC C C C C * 4 C S C C *

rlands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
nd ................................. ....
d . . . . . . . . . .* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
-Portugal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
en ... .. . ..

United Kingdom

C .C C�C.C.C.ft .C.C C . .C C CC CC.4

1981
8
40
13
24
913

69
94
8
18
44

II
2
II
354

1980
4
38
16
69
1,309

49

1979
11
17
19
24
1,422

U.S.S.R.

556 *CSCC C C C. . CC. . S.CCCC. C CCCC. . S.C

West Germany

m a . .. . * CY CCCCCC C 6�� C C

Other .. . . . . . .
Africa. . . . . . . . . . .

Total

C C C S C C C S .
S� C.....

* C C. e.. . C C 55. 6CC CC
CCC... *.m et C.. . . . C C C C C .

�S��.. 555 5C�C CC C �CC ��C �C ��C �e1

ASIA TO:
East Coast United States .

*5455C C5665Cl ft 555CCCCCC

3,861

11,398

4,354

11,263

4,876
4,876

11,298

East Coast Canada

CCC 555*544 4 SSCSCC e

ft CS..C.C

East Coast Central America

*Ce4

S l *5 6 S C * CCC 9CYC

Cristobal, R.P. ..

e C C ~ C CS*C * ~ C4

C 5 55 5 C

* C S .5

East Coast South America

Argentina
Brazil . . . .
Colombia.
Guayana .
Surinam .
Venezuela

....

* CC SCCCC. . . * C C C C C C
. 5 . 6450 *CCC. C C C C C .
5556*. . 44 . C *CC C C C .

�* � CCCCCCC*

SSCSCCS
C .. . .. .

C C CC C C C C � . �.

. S.C 556 em. f..

CCC . S.9.. . CC CC .
* CCSSCCCCCC. C C .
CCC . CCCC .. .CCC.C.
* C.C .C s...... C
tint. . .. Se. S CCCC
. 640 . #. . .. C. C .C

865

35

* 055C

S* C C .
*56 C S .
C *S . c
..* CS
* C I C C
m e c . .

1,256

1,191

Other

C . Cll ��C *CCC. CC CC e CC �.C CCC..

West Indies ...

Cuba

e m�...... C e...... CC4C4C�� C. ..

rrcSSCCC# StemCC CC

Haiti-Dominican Republic

Jamaica ........

Netherlands West Indies

Puerto Rico

C � C CCCC. U CCCCSCC SC CC
CCCCCCC . C. C� * 55566 C C.

. C C C CCCCC...CC

C C . C S C. C . . . .

Trinidad/ Tobago

Other ..
Europe.....

Belgium
France .
Greece .

. S

��.�5CC C S
* .� � . . . .C . .

�� *S� SS444

. .5. 5
SC C Ce. e
S.CCCC.

CSCC.C.eC.C
C S C . C. . eC 44 .
* . CCCCC44. 4
CC. CCS. .. .SC.
*.C . . .CCCCC*

S . C C C C C C C CSSSC C Y

� C � �5 � � ��4 4 C C C C C

C CC CCC

etC. .. C C.CC C C C C C CSSSSS CCC CC CC

Italy .. C.......
Netherlands. .
Norway ...
EjlI *"A/

* C C C CC

CSS CCC C C C
SC .C..C.CC
SC.SCC C CCC.
.*SCCCCCC. .
.m a CCCCCC .
*. C .S .C . . C

CCC C C . C. .
C C4SCSSC . S
* C C C C C SIC

CSCC S C C C C *5C SCCC C C C

SSCCC C C C C C C C . 5.

C . .C C. C C C C C

C C CCCCC

� C CSCS C CC�SCCCCC C

866
425
76
59
II
127
76
92
128

..9

6
4
33
2

986

850

176

_169

II
15
8
20
35
1
1

A

I 1

PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

Table 12.-Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific

[T1housands of long tons]

r .heal tear

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO WEST COAST
UNITED STATES:
Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous
Chemicals and petroleum chemicals ........
Caustic soda . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . .
Chemicals, unclassified . . . ... ...
Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous ....
Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous ...
Manufactures of iron and steel ..

* 9 * * 9 * * S
.�...�.
* . a * . * * .
* a . 9 * . a
O . 9 * 9
* S 4 3 *�

560 520
210 208
156 159
194 153

1979

558
229
181
148

27

Plates, sheets, and coils.....
Tubes, pipes, and fittings ...
Other and unclassified......
Nitrates, phosphates, and potash
Ammonium compounds ....
Fertilizers, unclassified

Phosphates .........
Ores and metals .........
Ore, alumina/bauxite
Petroleum and products ..
Crude oil.......
Diesel oil. . . . . . . . .
Fuel oil, residual
Gasoline .........
Jet fuel...... . . .

Kerosene . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lubricating oil .... . .
Other and unclassified ...
M iscellaneous.......... . .
All other and unclassified

* . *

* S S

* . 9 * * 9 9

� . .. . * 4

* a 4 5 9 4 4
* S S S S S S

* a a a. * . . . ...*e.
* 9~***~~ S 9 9#*e~
* S S 4*** 59444 5 * 4
* 4** * * a a a 4t 4*4 9
959.54 * 94449*9 S
* a 94*~~~ * *99 9*~

. 4 9 4 5 9 9 9 9 9
*. . . . . . ..9 S S
* *. S. S. . . 5 .
* 9 a 9 .9 .9 5 . . 4
*. 9 . * 9 * . S

* S S
a...
* . 9

* ....
* S 9 * * - -

* a * �* . .

* ... �

Total

13
119
10
55
54
254

1,461
58

75
757
108
5
330
128
278
278
2,703

2

252
22

133
133
1,414
190

175
143
312

534
60
281
281
2,604

7

156
35

340
340
1,516
174
66
92
389
417
25
353

268
268
2,849

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO WEST COAST
CANADA:

Chemicals and petroleum chemicals

Caustic soda . . ...
Minerals, miscellaneous .

Salt....... ..... .........
Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Phosphates ........
Miscellaneous . . . . . . . .
Clay, fire and china .

S. . 9.
*. 4 .5 .5 4

. a .

S 9 9 4 4
9 4 9 * 9 w

* " S 4 * 9 5 4 5 �
9 9 9 9 5 4 5 5 4 .5

844
844
32
29

851
851
41

All other and unclassified..

Total

EASr COASI UNITED STATES TO WEST COAST

S. S .S 4

21
21
804
804

876

41
905

I
835

STATISTICAL

TABLES

Table

12.- Important

Commodity

Shipments

Over

Principal

Trade

Routes

Atlantic to Pacific

- Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal rear

EAST COAST UNITED

STATES TO WEST COAST

CENTRAL AMERICA-Continued

Minerals, miscellaneous

Borax.....

*6... G...a.G .. ....* **
..t.......Ga.......

II
I

II

Soda and sodium compounds

Sulfur .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nitrates, phosphates, and potash
Ammonium compounds
Fertilizers, unclassified .....
Phosphates . .. . . .......
Potash . . . . . .......
Ores and metals ..... . . . . ..

Metals, miscellaneous
Ores, miscellaneous .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

621

399

19

19

382

� a.. 79

S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . 3

Other agricultural commodities

136

Oilseeds

28

�.. 13
5. 123

Sugar ........ ....
Petroleum and products

42

18

Gasoline

Fuel oil, residual

S . ... .... .*.. . a 18

Lubricating oil .
Miscellaneous ......

61

52

17
21
21

a59
59

11

10
60

Flour, wheat

Paper and paper products
Tallow ......... . . ...
All other and unclassified

. .... I

23
2,595

Total

17
3,325

2
2,25
2,254

EASI COAST UNITED STATES TO WEST COAST
SOUTH AMERICA:
Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous
Chemicals and petroleum chemicals ........

Caustic soda . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals, unclassified ....

Petroleum

* S * *

chemicals, miscellaneous

* a * * * * ass....
* . a elSa......

Coal and coke
Grains . . ..

2,723

2,436

1.602

Corn
Oats

�.. 21
* �4 128

Sorghum
CL /^ I r fr^* n rt.

r in

272

215

15
192

SJ

Er~ c

PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION 87

Table 12.-Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific-Continued

[T thousands of long Ions]

fiifral ear

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO WEST COAST
SOUTH AMERICA Continued

Manufactures of iron and steel .
Angles, shapes, and sections
Plates, sheets, and coils.....
Tubes, pipes, and fittings ..
Wire, bars, and irods ......
Other and unclassified......

Minerals, miscellaneous

Soda and sodium compounds

* . . .* .C S . . b
*. a .a a .e . .S . . a
*. a. a. . * a C * .
*. S *. a. a a. C

* . .

* � * * a a a

. .. .. 12

Sulfur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other and unclassified.............
Nitrates, phosphates, and potash .......
Ammonium compounds ...........
Fertilizers, unclassified . . . . . . . . . .
Fishm eal ... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .
Phosphates .. . . . . . . . . . .
Potash . . . . . . . . . ....

a* a a a a a a a a 8

. . . . . . C

432
34
167

366
45

. *182 .
182

308
37

159

Ores and metals .......
Ores, miscellaneous ......
M etals ........ . ........
Scrap .... .........
Tin, including tinplate
Other and unclassified
Other agricultural commodities

O ilseeds .. . . . . . . . .
.Sugar . . . . . . . . . . .
Other and unclassified.
Petroleum and products ...
Lubricating oil . . . . . ..
Other and unclassified.
Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . .....

Bricks and tile
Carbon black

Clay, fire and china ......
Flour, wheat . . . ....... . .
Groceries, miscellaneous .
Oil, coconut ..........
Oil, vegetable ..........
Paper and paper products
R esin .................

Rubber, manufactured
Tallow . . . . . . . . . . .
Textiles ............

All other and unclassified .

75

58

* * C C * C S C C C
* a a a a a a * a a

I* * a i. a
. .a. . . . .a . .a

Sa . a a

33

36

24

188
17

25

.....I

* . * C * C . a.a * . a a a
* . a... . . *a a

64

738

* C C C C * * * *
* CaCaCtee

* C S C C S

83

705

*...t a
* . a . a
* . . a a
* . . a a

* a a a... C C C et

S . C C CS C ..C. C

Tnrt1

624
10
* . C � C �
13
57
8
*. . .a a .a

*. a . a a .
. .a . .a . .a .
*. * . .a . . .
*. a . .a . a
* a . . . a .

20 16 15
302 287 240
571 A2 71 2 A

169
24

114
24

41

34

40
25

.*

STATISTICAL

TABLES

Table

12.-Important

Commodity

Shipments

Over

Principal

Trade

Routes

Atlantic to Pacific-Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal rear

AST COAS

r UNITED STATES

TO BALBOA.R.P

Continued
Petroleum and products-Continued
Fuel oil, residual .. . ... ...
Other and unclassified... ....

Miscellaneous....

Oil, vegetable ... .. ...
All other and unclassified

Total

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO HAWAII:
Petroleum and products .... .....

Jet fuel . .... .. .. .
Other and unclassified

Miscellaneous

All other and unclassified

Total

..... . 29

51

CC #** *51

92

...... 42

55
55
81

42
42

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO OCEANIA:
Chemicals and petroleum chemicals.

Caustic soda . . . . . . . .
Chemicals, unclassified .
Petroleum chemicals, mi
Coal and coke ...........
Grains . . . ..... ... . . . .

scellaneous

33
44

Soybeans.

*

Other and unclassified
Lumber and products ....
Pulpwood ..........
Other and unclassified
Machinery and equipment

* C C S S C C C
* U * C S C * *

*. te .....
* C . . . . . . C

* * * * a a a

* C C C * C C C
a a e C C S C C

Agricultural machinery and

Automobiles, trucks,

mplements

accessories and par

Construction machinery and equipment
Electrical machinery and apparatus ...
Other and unclassified.. .... ........ .

* S . S C .C . .
ts~ .. a . a *
* 0 * . . .C
a. a . .a . . . .C . C
* SW CCC .* C

2

6

Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous
M inerals, miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . S

Sulfur.... . .... ........
Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

Ammonium compounds ..
Fertilizers, unclassified ...
Phosphates .............

.......

a S ** C a

105

121

101

86
232

41

95
271

102
501

26

42

602

671

579

29

12

2

6

C....13

26

20

58

85

654

262

crr

r�

Dr\~nF i~

I I

PANAMA

CANAL

COMMISSION

Table

12.-Important

Commodity

Shipments

Over

Principal

Trade

Routes

Atlantic to Pacific-Continued

[Thousands of

long tons]

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO OCEANIA

Continued

Miscellaneous- Continued
Oil, vegetable .. . . . . . .
Paper and paper products
Resin . .. . . . . . . . . . ..
Rubber, manufactured ..
Textiles ...............
All other and unclassified

Total

......
......
* a 9 S ..9

* 9 5

* 9 5 C C C

* a 9 a * *
* . a C . C
......

706
2,136

717
2,502

1
688
1,944

EAST COAST UNITED STATES TO ASIA:
Canned and refrigerated foods ..
Canned foods, miscellaneous
Refrigerated foods ..... ....
Fruit. . . ........ ... .
M eat................
Other and unclassified..
Chemicals and petroleum chemical

Caustic soda . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals, unclassified

* 9 I C C

....' .
...."

* 9 0.* *
* 5 5 5 5
* 9 * 9 *

* . * S . .C
* a * .* . *

Petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous
Coal and coke ... . ...... . . . ... . ..

* 9 9 C * S S a
* a * * a * a *

Grains

Barley...
Corn....
Oats ...
Rice ...
Sorghum
Soybeans
Wheat

* S C C .
f f . C S

* * 9 C C .
* a * . * a

* ..... * a a 9 *f* 5
* . * S C * * S 9 *C *

Sat * *as a.. a

Other and unclassified
Lumber and products ....

Pulpwood

* a * * * * *
* . . . . a *
* 9 99 C S S

S* ...
* 9 9 . . 5

Other and unclassified.....
Machinery and equipment .. . ..
Agricultural machinery and

* a C * a a

* * * * a ft

*.... C t
* S 9 . a .a
* 9 9 S. C .
...... C
*. 9 .9 5

4
211
113
I

1,708
31
1,219
458
17,818
24,851

9,320
3
329
2,044
5,932
7,167
56
292
229

110

4
188
102
2
84
1,683
160
1,102
421
13,490
22,460

25
0,395

162
2,586
6,294
2,905
93
319
163
156
105

mplements

Automobiles, trucks, accessories and par
Construction machinery and equipment

Electrical machinery and apparatus
Other and unclassified..... . ....
Manufactures of iron and steel .......
Angles, shapes, and sections
Plates, sheets, and coils..... . ...
Tubes, pipes, and fittings .......

* * . .

9 9 S 9 * C C

* t a *
* 4 9 *

* C S 9*~***
* C S S 9 9 C C 9

17
295

31
275

5
209
129

79
1,594
128
1,088
378
10,254
22,464

2,433

99
1,657
5,613
2,627
29
139
133
6
100
II
30
38
7
14
261
17

9 9 C *

(I~~ 1t cIPI te

"0.. ..
*. * *5 .

* S . . . . 9 * 9 * 9 . . . .a . a
*. 9 . .C . . . . .* . . ..C. . . . 9 9
* 9 . 9 . . . .S 9 . . . . ..9 9 S

STATISTICAL

TABLES

Table

12.-Important

Commodity

Shipments

Over

Principal

Trade

Routes

Atlantic to Pacific

-Continued

[Thousands of long tons]

EAST COAST UNITED S

STATES

Fiscal ear
TO ASIA--

Continued
Ores and metals-Continued
Other and unclassified
M etals ................

1,147

2,410

3,012

Aluminum

* S: tt:S*: aes..... 5*1

Scrap ........ . ..
Tin, including tinplate
Other and unclassified
Other agricultural commodities

* S
* cc...... S
* 5~* *6t*se

* 5S** 561*95
* a. a.s.....
* C S * S S * SS6*

1,089
22
7
185

26
50
505

2,906
47
35
330

Beans, edible.... ...
Cotton, raw.........
Other and unclassified
Petroleum and products ..
Gasoline............
Liquefied natural gas.
Lubricating oil ......
Petroleum coke .....
Other and unclassified
Miscellaneous ... . .... .

* .. 2

* * a.. *..*

* S S 5565*5* * 5~*
* S S 5**~* *. . . C C

230

.. . 30
.. .. 4,243

394

3,715

513

3,140

Bricks and tile
Carbon black

* . . I .

*. .*.. s. . .S
..gee....

*... S.6 ..e*
*...S u.e ..*.*

* C S *6*e
* a S S 6*5

Clay, fire and china ......
Fibers, plant . . . . . . . . . . . .
Flour, wheat ........ . . . .
Groceries, miscellaneous..
Marble and stone ........
Oil, vegetable ...........
Paper and paper products
Resin ..................
Rubber, manufactured ...
Tallow . . .... ..........
Textiles ................
Tobacco and manufactures
All other and unclassified .

* * . . . ..S
* . 5# Sa
*. u *. 5 .. .
*...U .

2,660
55,060

Total

2,569
50,083

2,364
46,522

EAST COAS

T CANADA TO WEST COAST UNITED

STATES:

Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous
Ores and metals . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Metal, iron .....
Ores, miscellaneous .
Miscellaneous.. ... ...

Paper and paper products

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25

. ..... 25

6
a . .*.. *

24
13

5
5

284
36

,.. .. .. .

......

I

. .

PANAMA CANAL COMMISSION

Table 12.-Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes

Atlantic to Pacific-Continued

([ thousands of long tons]

lincao iear

C

1979

EAST COAST CANADA TO WEST COAST Sot IH AMERICA

Grains

Barley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other and unclassified . . ... . . .. . . . . . .
Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous
Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous
Minerals, miscellaneous .. .. . ..... .

Asbestos ..... .
Sulfur ..... ......
Ores and metals .....

* S S S S S 9
* S 9 5 8 S S

* . . 9 . 4
* 9 9 9 9 4

45

5

44

* S 9 9 5

21
21
* S 5 9 9 5

16
16

. . . 5 . . . . . 4

Metals

Tin, including tinplate
Other and unclassified
Miscellaneous ..... ... ...
Paper and paper products
All other and unclassified .

Total

* S S 0

* S S

50
35

S S I

EASF COAST CANADA TO OCEANIA:
M miscellaneous . . . . . . .......

Paper and paper products
All other and unclassified .

Total

�. 46

* S S S S

154 163 161
200 224 209

EAST COAST CANADA TO ASIA:
Canned and refrigerated foods
Refrigerated foods .......

* . "

* 0 S S S

Other and unclassified .. .. . ......
Chemicals and petroleum chemicals, miscellaneous
G rains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... ........

Barley.............. .
Corn . . . . . . . . .
Soybeans .... . . . . .
W heat . . . . . .. . .
Other and unclassified.
Lumber and products .....
Pulpwood ...........
Other and unclassified.

* S S S S S
* S S 9 5 5
* p * * * *
* S 5955
* S S 9~~

71
52

439

* S 9 9 5 5 5

* 5 9 9 5 5 S
*. 9 . . . . .5
* S S S . S
* S 5 5 . . 5

184

* 545* 55555* 5*
* 5 5 9 9 S 5 9 5 5 5 0 9

87
87
72

237

43
124
70

iS98
98

74
74

519

12
180
324

84
84
* S S S S

Machinery and equipment, miscellaneous .. . .
Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous
Minerals, miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

*. *. . . 5 9
*. . . .5 . . . 5

Asbestos . . . . . . . . .. .

SS 9 5 5 9 S S S S

42
55
186

47
28
126

200

224

209

I

I

I

A

92 STATISTICAL TABLES

Table 12.-Important Commodity Shipments Over Principal Trade Routes
Atlantic to Pacific-Continued
[Thousands of long tons]

Fiscal year

EAST COAST CANADA TO ASIA-Continued
Miscellaneous-Continued

Paper and paper products
Resin ......... . . . . .
Slag ...... . ... . . . . .
All other and unclassified.

..a.t.tee .....a.a .......
..a... . S t.. � t.. a.a .a .
* a�ce 6.4O* a ace. ....

Total

1979

107
19
17
443
1,580

506
1,486

521
1,785

EAST COAST CENTRAL. AMERICA TO WEST COAST UNITED
STATES:
Petroleum and products.. .. . .. . . . . .

Liquefied gas . . .......
Miscellaneous......... . .
All other and unclassified

Total

� t e. ... �t cca... a* e s.
* ..... att .... cc. ...ta..

* . a ..
86

31

19

86

EAST COAST CENTRAL. AMERICA TO WEST COAST CENTRAL
AMERICA:

Minerals, miscellaneous

Sulfur ....... ...........
Nitrates, phosphates, and potash

.... . .. ... . .. . 5

...... *23
.c. a . a 23

Ammonium compounds
Phosphates . . . . . . ...
Fertilizers, miscellaneous
Petroleum and products ..

* at . . * at. ... S t.t . a * tee..
eta a. cca... * aa ta. a... a. a
..a.a .a ..... .a.a .sa... a .

31
.* . . .

1,344

87
7
a.. a a

1,140

1,097

Crude oil . . .. .
Diesel oil . . . . . . . . .
Fuel oil, residual .....
Gasoline ..... .... .
Other and unclassified.
Miscellaneous .. ... ......

1,039
28

.... .... .... .... ....84
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
. .a a. t . t. .. . . . a t. . a a. . . a a.. . . . __2

*All other and unclassified

Total

1,382

1.251

1, 178

EAST COAST CEN IRAI. AMERICA TO WEST COAST SOUTH
AMERICA:
Nitrates, phosphates, and potash ...... .......

Phosphates ....... ....
Fertilizers, miscellaneous
Petroleum and products ....
Other and unclassified ...
Miscellaneous ........ .... ..

a.. ... , ..t c....... 4s

case's
a a...

16

50

52

Cement

* a a a a a a a a a a a a a a
*

All other and unclassified

Total

EAST COAST CN IRAI AMERICA TO BALBOA. R.P.:

...... 2

52

33
39

PANAMA

CANAL

COMMISSION

Table

12.-Important

Commodity

Shipments

Over

Principal

Trade

Routes

Atlantic to Pacific- Continued

[Thousands of

long tons]

Fiidal lear

EAST COAST CENTRAL AMERICA TO ASIA:
Chemicals and petroleum chemicals
Nitrates, phosphates, and potash ..

Phosphates .............
Fertilizers, miscellaneous

Ores and metals,

18

miscellaneous

Other agricultural commodities
Coffee .................
Petroleum and products ......

.... . .. .... . . . .... 7

31

33

33

6

. 9 C * S

Diesel oil
Other and unclassified
Miscellaneous ...........

All other and unclassified

* C C ' S * S S S * U S S *4 et
C S* S SS S 49 *. .. 4*17

55* t~ C S * 55m . . .17

Total

EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST COAST UNITED
STATES:

Canned and refrigerated foods, miscellaneous
Lumber and products, miscellaneous ........
Manufactures of iron and steel, miscellaneous
Ores and metals . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
O res . .... .... . .. . .. .. .. .......

* 41 S *45

30
24
96
96

Alumina/ bauxite

. C I * I o0

Manganese .......
Other and unclassified

M etal, iron .............
Other agricultural commodities
Cocoa and cacao beans...
Coffee . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
Peas, dried . . . . . . . . . * .
Petroleum and products ......

Asphalt .......
Crude oil .....
Fuel oil, residual
Gasoline.. ....
Jet fuel. . . . ..

S..... 6

10

* S CS U U St * S 440 SIC S S * 4***e S S S S S
* S Ct~ 934 5~e**e *49* 555554. *

... . . 34

.. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .S. S S . .. 58

Kerosene . . . . . . . .
Other and unclassified

Miscellaneous.

Paper and products .....
All other and unclassified

Total

EAST COAST SOUTH AMERICA TO WEST COA

ST CANADA

-. I I S a,

31

46

S.. .. 46

3
3
163

221

20
20

62
56

6
I

..S. . . 4 1

162

724

680

... . . . 77

27

50

26

13
297

48
968

26
804

hn

	Front Cover
	Letter of transmittal
	Table of Contents
	Introduction
	Canal traffic
	Canal operations
	Supporting operations
	Administration and staff
	Financial report
	Statistical tables
	Back Cover

MILLISECOND	CLASS.METHOD	MESSAGE
0	sobekcm_page_globals.constructor
0	sobekcm_page_globals.constructor	Application State validated or built
0	sobekcm_database.verify_item_lookup_object
0	sobekcm_page_globals.constructor	Navigation Object created from URI query string
0	sobekcm_database.verify_item_lookup_object
0	sobekcm_page_globals.display_item	Retrieving item or group information
0	sobekcm_page_globals.get_entire_collection_hierarchy	Retrieving hierarchy information
0	sobekcm_assistant.get_entire_collection_hierarchy
0	cached_data_manager.retrieve_item_aggregation
0	cached_data_manager.retrieve_item_aggregation	Found item aggregation on local cache
0	item_aggregation_builder.get_item_aggregation	Found 'all' item aggregation in cache
0	system.web.ui.page.page_load (ufdc.page_load)
0	sobekcm_page_globals.constructor.on_page_load
0	html_echo_mainwriter.add_style_references	Adding style references to HTML
0	html_echo_mainwriter.add_text_to_page	Reading the text from the file and echoing back to the output stream
5	html_echo_mainwriter.add_text_to_page	Finished reading and writing the file