Gfof fthe Panama CanalM

PAN AM


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CANAL


Vol. 3,No. 3 BALBOA HEIGHTS, CANAL ZONE, OCTOBER 3, 1952 5 cents


LAYOUT


COROZAL


DEVELOPMENT


REVEALS


NEW


CONCEPT


TOWN


PLANNING


FOR


ZONE


-4-. *''


Governor


Talks On


Rent, Maintenance


Meeting


Quarters for U. S.-rate employees of the
Company-Government organization are
now required to be self-supporting, Gov.
J. 6. Seybold told employee representa-
tives last week at the September Gover-
nor-Employee Conference.
U. S.-rate quarters, however, do not
support local-rate quarters and will not
be required to do so, he said. Local-rate
quarters are handled under a separate
financial arrangement, the Governor ex-
plained without going into detail on this.
Quarters, he added, also are not charged
any share of the cost of the Canal Zone
Government (schools, health, fire, and
police protection) although charges are
now made against the quarters for ad-
ministration, incidental expenses, main-
tenance, depreciation, and interest costs,
as required by the Bureau of the Budget.
Non-employee tenants will be charged
rents which carn a surcharge for the
osts of Government.
The Governor's explanation, (See page 4)


A new concept in town planning for Canal Zone communities


been


adopted


for the development of


new residential


area at Corozal.


This


is one of


major


S.-rate


townsite developments


planned min the quarters construction program for this fiscal year.


other will


be on Empire Street in


Balboa


where quarters


are being vacated for clearance of the old buildings.


This fiscal year's building program on
the Atlantic side will consist chiefly of
the construction of community facilities.
In all, 128 single-family units and 20
two-family houses are planned for the
area at Corozal which was transferred
earlier this year to the Canal for a new
housing project. Engineering and Con-
struction forces are presently engaged in
grading the area which lies along the
north side of Gaillard Highway between
the Army Sales Store and the main en-
trance to the Army Post. The section
between the Sales Store and the Albrook
Field boundary also was transferred but
this site will not be used in this year's


project.


Type of Houses


Both masonry and off-the-ground quar-
ters will be built at Corozal. All but one
of the houses on Empire Street will be of
masonry construction. Twenty-two houses
will be built on Empire Street, of which
two will be two-family buildings.


It is expected that bids on the Corozal
buildings and those on Empire Street will


be advertised the latter part of
Bids will be opened early in
and construction will start eai
The Engineering and C
work, which consists of gradi
stallation of drainage structu
practically completed by ti


this month.
December
rly in 1953.
construction
ing and in-
res, will be
he end of


December.
The accompanying map of the Corozal
development shows the general street
and housing layout. Instead of being
developed by "blocks" with numerous
street crossings in the residential area,
one main boulevard will circle the site
and short circular or dead-end streets will
serve the residences. Three large, horse-
shoe streets and several dead-end streets
will connect with the high-speed main
thoroughfare. Entrance to the area from
Gaillard Highway will be provided near
the old Corozal Railroad Station.
A large cleared area will (See page 4)
� -~ ^ " **** -*.***-.^-^-~ ^/--H:r�^^^ "f~


- - S N. ~


At Monthly


'-(� y i^>S





THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW


October 3,1952


Canal's


Radio-Electronic


Unit


Deals


With


Latest


In


Scientific


Equipment


- w-"-*"- 9


a*^^^3T


SOME OF THE INTRICATE equipment which comes into the Balboa shop of the Radio-Electronics unit of the Electrical Division for repair or adjustment
is shown above. At the left is William H. Edmondson, Electronics Engineer in charge of the unit, and Edward W. Voss, Electronics Mechanic.


So, you think you have trouble with
25-cycle electric current?
Consider then the problems of the men
in the Radio-Electronics unit of the Elec-
trical Division who work daily with equip-
ment having a frequency range from 25
to 10 billion cycles.
The type of equipment which the unit
is prepared to adjust or repair ranges
from the miniature radio you set by your
bed at night to hear the late news broad-
cast to radar screens-the 10,000,000,000-
cycle frequency equipment-sufficiently
powerful to plot the course of a heavy
thunderstorm. Some of the marvels of the
electronics age on which shipping and
Canal units now depend so heavily include
radar; long-range navigation equipment
(loran); ship-to-shore radio telephones;
fathometers which measure the depth of
the ocean by electronic depth recorders;
Canal Zone Police radio cars and trans-
mission stations; low, medium, and high
frequency sending stations; public ad-
dress systems; movie projectors; and tele-


equipped to do repair work on privately-
owned radios and phonographs in the
Canal Zone but it is really only starting
to provide this service now.
Ship Work Schedule
Generally, most of the electronics me-


chanics have their hands
or servicing radar, lora
and other such special
aboard ships which is
vessels are in transit.
begun at the outer an
ship is en route from th
Atlantic. If the electronic
to complete a job by the
reaches Gamboa, he leave
the work is resumed at
an Atlantic side repairman
Occasionally some of 1
ment or parts are remov
the shops but the larg
never removed from ship


full in repairing


in
il
d
ch
ie
Cs


, fathometers,
zed gadgets
one while the
The work is
orage when a
Pacific to the
mechanic fails


time
res the
Gatun
in.


the
ed
er
)s i


the vessel
ship and
Locks by


small eqmuip-
for repairs in
equipment is
n transit.


Canal units which now depend on radio


or radio-telephone equipment for instan-
taneous communications now include the
Navigation, Dredging, Locks, and Police
Divisions. The Marine Bureau has about
90 fixed and mobile sending units and
about 50 portable sets which are used by
Canal pilots for communications with the
Canal Dispatchers and the two Port
Captain's Offices.
The idea for ship-to-shore radio-tele-
phones was first broached in 1937 but it
was not until after the war ended that
satisfactory portable equipment was
available. The first successful sets to be
used came in two units and weighed 60
pounds. Some of the portable sets now in
use weigh only 20 pounds. They are taken
aboard ships by seamen in canvas bags,
for use by the pilots.
Mobile Units Installed
The first mobile transmitter sets used
by the Canal were installed on launches
and tugs. These enabled launch operators
to receive orders while on duty in the
n rlkn yv a4,;ssn+ -,it rat,,,rn, nn f h ha T





October 3,1952


THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW


On Baby
Babies


baby is a little tiny grown up per-
according to Mrs. Katherine M.
(almost umniversally known as
e Mary," for her first and maiden
), long-time District Nurse and
oman Well Baby Clinic for the
Side of the Isthmus.
t quote distills the instructions and
she gives daily to hundreds of


rs whose
g through


babies she has a hand in
babyhood.


She met and inquired about the health
of some 1,000 new babies last year-in
their homes or in the well baby clinics she
holds m Balboa, La Boca, Macon, Pedro
Miguel, Gamboa, Paraiso, and Red Tank.
And this has been going on for the 20
years in which she has been Pacific side
District Nurse-except that the baby
crop was much bigger during the war
years of increased birth rates and
expanded Canal Zone population.
Mrs. Swain holds no brief for books on
baby care unless they are tempered with
an understanding that a baby is an in-
dividual who may or may not act or
develop in accordance with any generali-
zations about the actions of most babies.
She would also be in favor of banning
baby scales from the homes of new born
babies. Her reason, again, is that each
baby is different. Some babies are glut-
tons, some just aren't hungry, some eat a
lot and gain little, others eat little and
gain a lot-just like their elders.
The baby's mindividualities min this re-
spect are usually no more cause for alarm
than the eating quirks of adults, according
to Mrs. Swain.
Just like other people, babies want to
be appreciated and are pretty sure to
show in one way or another their reactions
to too much or too little regard, she says.
Bad people, in the opinion of Mrs. Swain,
develop from unloved babies.
Her common sense counsel that babies
are people begins and ends like this:
When in doubt or confused, rely on com-
mon sense and treat babies as you would
other people.
Mrs. Swain makes at least one call on all
new babies on the Pacific side born in the
Canal Zone or born to Canal Zone residents.
She checks mother and baby to see how
they are getting along and sees that the
hnhv Ii v.orinal.ar+ fnd mstl~nrv Rho


A


Care
6re People


s notably snarp
r may have been
duties but the
'imands seldom
all the "baby

'hen their babies
Other questions
pt to be referred
sure I wouldn't
them.
Nurse came to
as a nurse at


Canal's Radio-Electronic Unit Deals
With Latest In Scientific Equipment


(Continund from pages 2) qualities of the
telephones over which calls are made. The
system has an emergency control by
which the control house operator can take
control of all loud speakers and auto-
matically cut out any telephone calls
from the outside. Similar equipment is
to be installed at Pedro Miguel and
Gatun Locks along with the automatic
telephones.
Medium Frequency Station


All of the
tugs outside o
Line ships at
the medium
station in Cr
has a range
sea. It has


March
Prior
able co
quency
use and
Offices.
out its


MRS. "KATIE MARY" SWAIN, long-time Dis-
trict Nurse, is shown with one of the many babies she
helps usher through babyhood, 10-month-old Clyde
D. Lashley, Jr., whose mother brings him to the Well
Baby Clinic at La Boca. The young husky's father
works at the Oil Handling Plant and his mother is an
employee of the Ancon Commissary.


Mrs. Swain's manner i
if she senses that a mother
remiss in her maternal
nurse's mother-like repr
ruffle anyone, least of
institution," Mrs. Swain.
And mothers who ask w
will stop crying at night or
of that general order are a
to a higher power-"I'm
know," Mrs. Swain tells
The long-time District
the Canal Zone in 1922


Ancon, now Gorgas Hospital, where she
worked for about a year.
Before coming to the Isthmus, she had
served as an Army nurse in England for
two years in World War I; was a general
duty nurse and head floor nurse for about
four years in the Good Samaritan Hospital
in Lexington, Kentucky, where she also
4-.- -.---- -- ----___ J----t f f i . 1 - 1


commit
)f Can
sea ai
freque
"istoba
up to
been


nications with Canal
al waters and Panama
re channeled tkraugh
ncy ship-shore radio
I. This fixed station
about 1,500 miles at
in operation since


1949.
to its installation,
mmunication was
sending sets, inten
Located in the two
This type of eq
radio or electrical


the only avail-
over high fre-
ded for harbor
Port Captains'
uipment sends
impulses in a


straight line much the same as light rays.
Since high frequency radio waves do not
bend with the earth's curvature, the
sending sets' range was only a short
distance beyond the horizon. The waves,
however, continue in a straight line until
they strike the ionized atmospheric shell
which encompasses the earth and is known
as the Heaviside layer. The waves then
bounced or caromed back to earth and
could be picked up by receiving sets
thousands of miles away.
Talks By Relay
On several occasions communications
were established with Canal tugs well
out at sea on emergency missions through
the military transmitting station at


Quantico, Va., where the radio
when they bounced back to
similar system was used several
the Police radio patrol cars in


who skipped
Heaviside layi
Miss., where
frequency. Th
message back
The mountain
hinders recepti
cars in Balboa


eI
tt


their messages
Sand then to
he police used


waves hit
earth. A
times by
Cristobal
to the
Gulfport,
the same


e latter in turn relayed the
to the police in. Balboa.
range along the Isthmus
on between the radio patrol
and Cristobal.


A 1� I ,Tr'lr" TT n �


1


Nurse-Advisor
Says That


Swain
"Kati
names
one-wi
Pacific
Tha
advice
mothe
getting





THE PANAMA


CANAL REVIEW


October 3,1952


Governor Talks On Rents And
Maintenance At Monthly Meeting

(Continued from page 1) in which
he was assisted by Henry L. Donovan,
who as Community Services Director
was described as "owner" of the quarters,
was made during the conference's main
topic of discussion-the increased rentals
on all U. S.-rate quarters which will not
be torn down this year.
The rental increases which he termed
"rather severe," have been made, the
Governor said, because of revised general
policies on federal housing, all of which is
now required to pay interest, and because
of the Bureau of the Budget's decision
that housing must be self-sufficient.
The Governor and Mr. Donovan told
the conference that the book value of the


individual quarters is not the basi:
rentals. Rents have been set, rather
type and livability of house, so that
type "will stand on its own two feet.
Ur . * i l i I


s for
r, by
each
1,


Under the previous system, rent was
fixed on a square foot basis, together with
added allowance for desirability and other
factors. The net result of this, the con-
ference was told, was that older houses
were helping to carry the rent on the
newer quarters.
Mr. Donovan read a list of the present
and new rents on 21 representative types
of quarters, although he stressed that
even within these types the rent would
vary somewhat on individual houses.
The increased rents become effective
October 26 for all employees quarters;
rental increases for non-employees and
those who pay on a cash basis are effective
November 1.
This led to a discussion of maintenance,
which is again to be stepped up so that
quarters can be kept to an adequate
standard. The Board of Directors, the
Governor said, has agreed that main-
tenance of quarters can no longer be
deferred.
At this point the Governor pointed out
that "under the maintenance program on
which we are embarking, housing will
still be in the red this fiscal year so that it
will still be supported by the Company to
some extent, as the 'break-even' adjust-
ment is made on the basis of a full
rental year."
Mr. Donovan added that the major
part of the maintenance money this year
although below the amount spent in 1951,
*1I IV - .


to the customers in the form of price
reductions but these will be spread
over so great a number of items that the
price decrease will be hardly perceptible.
Unfortunately, the Governor added, an
unexpected rise in basic beef prices re-
quires an immediate increase in over-the-
counter prices.
Asked as to the likelihood of a major
force reduction, the Governor said that
he foresaw no great force cuts.
"There probably will be some reduc-
tion, but not what I would term drastic,"
he said.
He explained that the Canal organiza-
tion is headed back to a maintenance
status whose main function is that of
putting ships through the Canal, without
the artificial stimulus of a Third Locks
or similar population and force-increasing
project.
"There will naturally be," he said, "some
contraction in scope," but added that he
believed a majority of the personnel
affected could be assimilated.
While rents, quarters maintenance, and
force reductions were the major subjects
discussed, a number of other matters were
also brought before the conference.
Among these were:
Gasoline: High octane gasoline can be
made available to Canal Zone buyers if
there is sufficient demand to warrant a
capital expenditure of about $5,000 for
special equipment. This gasoline would
cost about four cents more a gallon than
the present quality.
Sugar: The Commissary Division has
been instructed to stock States sugar in
addition to that produced locally. Whether
or not this will continue to be carried will
depend on customer demand.
Attending the meeting were, for the
Administration: The Governor, Mr.
Donovan, Mr. Dunsmoor, and Edward A.
Doolan, Personnel Director.
For the Employees: John C. Harrison,
Marine Engineers; William S. McKee,
Machinists; Joseph Garriel, Plumbers;


Layout In Corozal Development Reveals
New Concept In Town Planning For Zone

(Continued from page 1) be kept free
for an elementary school which is to be
built at a later date. The only other com-
munity facility planned in the area is a
swimming pool, also slated for later con-
struction. Short feeder streets will con-
nect these areas with main thoroughfares
around the townsite.
Eliminate Traffic Hazards
The street and town layout will elimi-
nate all dangerous traffic intersections.
The short feeder streets will also serve to
reduce the speed of traffic in the resi-
dential areas while providing easy access
to the main traffic artery.
The new houses in Corozal will be
adapted to the terrain rather than having
terrain graded to fit the houses. Where
flat areas are not available for ground-
level, masonry quarters, elevated houses
will be built. In most cases the terrain is
such that hill-side houses will have at
least three-quarters of the house space
provided for basement. All of the ele-
vated houses will be single units.
Houses will be faced into the prevailing
breeze wherever it is practical and all
will be located to provide maximum space
for outdoor living. They have been
plotted to give a larger yard space at back
than in front.


Daniel P. Kiley, Pacific Locks Employees;
Rufus Lovelady and Herschel Gandy for
the AFGE; Walter Wagner, J. J. Tobin,
and Owen Corrigan for the Central Labor
Union; and, for the Civic Councils:
Charles W. Hammond, General Com-
mittee Chairman; Margaret Rennie, Pa-
cific; the Rev. Philip H. Havener, Cris-
tobal-Margarita; Raymond Ralph, Gatun;
William H. Ward, Gamboa; and Bronson
Powell, Pedro Miguel.





October 3,1952


THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW


FOR YOUR INTER


GUIDANCE


IDENT


PREVENTION


SAFETY


AND


THE


INDIVID UAL


The National Safety Council published
an article on why people do things which
result in their injury or death. Why will
ajman stick his hand in a power saw to
see if it is spinning, or light a match to see
how much gasoline is in a tank? Why is
it a woman stands waiting on a curb then
dashes out trying to cross ahead of a
heavy moving truck? The Safety Branch
files are full of many such foolish acts.
These accidents cannot be shrugged off by
saying the person was stupid, or it was
the "Will of Allah."
Looking at the individual from this
point of view, then safety consciousness
becomes a psychological problem. The
same factors which create interest in a
man for his job act to make him want to
work safely. It was pointed out that a
man's job is not for the sole purpose of
keeping him alive, but it is a vital part of
his life, and the way he lives. Therefore,
when we begin to teach safety conscious-
ness to a man, we are attempting to
change his way of living and how he
thinks. That is the reason so much re-
sentment and opposition is encountered.
The National Safety Council points out
that an individual is not made up of seg-


HONOR


ROLL


Bureau Award For
BEST RECORD
August


CIVIL AFFAIRS BUREAU
INDUSTRIAL BUREAU


AWARDS THIS CALENDAR YEA
Community Services -----.....---........--
Civil Affairs.-------------..-------
Industrial -..---..........----------------..-
Engineering and Construction.---.-
Health .. .......--------


R


ments operating separately, with one seg-
ment wanting to do one thing well and
another wanting to do it poorly. If he has
the desire he will try to do all things well.
These things operate simultaneously as a
unit, being elements of his total make-up.
However, no one is perfect. We all have
some weaknesses, either mentally or
physically. These weaknesses are our
handicaps. Actually every individual is a
handicapped person in some way or other.
We are handicapped in some degree edu-
cationally, economically, or by physical
defects. Some are handicapped by social
environment, or lack of opportunity. An
individual never wants to work at a job
where he is handicapped psychologically
or physically. Placed in such a job, he
will become unhappy, frustrated, and
accident prone. Individuals who have
many accidents on one job continue to
have them when moved to another, un-
less their handicaps are taken into
consideration.
Adjustment is the basic activity de-
manded of everything that lives. Those
who continue to be accident prone are
those having the most trouble in over-
coming their handicaps. Studies have
been made to determine what kind of
individuals these people are. In the
United States, they make up 25 percent of
the working population and cause 75
percent of the accidents. It can be as-
sumed that since human nature is the


same everywhere, then about the sam
percent of individuals cause 75 percent c
the accidents experienced by the Panam
Canal Company-Canal Zone Government
The other 25 percent of accidents ar
caused by employees like you and me i
our unguarded and off moments. W
have our ups and downs, with anxiet'
and frustration showing during times c
emotional stress. It is then we are pron


to have accidents.
It was found by the National Safety
Council that the continually accident-
prone individuals have the following traits
in common:
1. In school he was a poor student,
and left school early to seek his
independence.
2. His work record is full of short-
time jobs, with poor adjustment to 7is
previous employment.
3. He criticizes his own mistakes in
others and cannot take criticism him-
self. Always a "finger pointer."
4. He dislikes discipline, wants to
be a "lone wolf," with an unusual
amount of resentment against persons
in authority.
5. He demands to be important
with a strong desire to be his own boss.
6. He is impulsive-acts on the
spur of the moment. He "blows up"
over trifles.
7. He wants to be pampered, but
gets the "swell head" if praised.
8. He must always be right and
feels big by making others feel small.
9. He considers only the immediate
future and satisfaction of each day.
He avoids responsibility where possi-
ble, never wanting to cooperate with
others in his work, or theirs.
10. He displays an usual hatred for
racial groups other than his own, often
joining with others in some antisocial
action.
You can bet your life that if you have
most of these characteristics, you have
been and will be involved in many acci-
dents. If you are not in this class, don't
bet your life that you won't have an acci-
dent. That may be the "off day" you feel
like displaying the above characteristics
and consequently become a statistic in
the Safety Branch accident files.


f,





THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW


October 3,1952


Canal

Air


Engineer


Invents


Conditioning


Device


the bedroom of the
ment in Balboa consi
monks cloth to cover
and one $6 gooseneck
a regular dry closet
openings, of course,
determined places an
mined amount of


J. A. McKINLEY, REFRIGERATION ENGINEER in the Engineering Division, displays the
equipment with which he has for a year successfully dehumidified and cooled to his comfort one room of
his apartment in Balboa. The $6 lamp with heating unit looks like simple air conditioning but the pre-
cision of the calculations that led to its adoption is quite another matter.


The tropics were too tropical for J. A.
McKinley, Refrigeration Engineer in the
Engineering Division, when he came to
the Canal Zone about 2 years ago to work
on the new Ice" Cream and Milk Bottling
Plant of the Commissary Division at
Mount Hope.


The hot
interfered
decided he
if he were
He was
the Isthmi
humidity.


consider
World W
patients


and humid Isthmian night
so much with his sleep that
had to do something about
to remain on the Isthmus.
far from the first sojourner
us to be bothered by oppress
The problem had been giv


times of day; British thermal units of
body heat and how much must be carried
away for comfort; means and extremes of
wind velocity; amount of air that goes
through certain size holes at a specified


Ancon Police


"12-family" apart-
sts of a few yards of
unwanted openings
Student lamp with
heating unit. The
are min certain pre-
d let in a predeter-
air-just enough


to keep it moving and keep it dry (of
course, a certain degree of dryness) and
keep Mr. McKinley cool.
The bedroom is, with his scientific
fixing, something like a dry closet, but
a dry closet the likes of which there are
few, if any, on the Isthmus. Most of
them, Mr. McKinley explains, lack one of
the first essentials, a provision for air flow
to prevent the warm air inside from
becoming saturated.
Cockroaches and other tropical bugs
who used to hang out in his apartment
don't care for his dehumidifying and go
elsewhere for their fun. He says he has
seen roaches bustle in to his dehumidified
bedroom, apparently sniff the arid air and
then turn tail and run.


Closed Last


Month


on
ve
en


[ble study by the Navy during
rar II, particularly as it affected
on hospital ships transiting the


i


wind velocity; wattage necessary to warm
a specified amount of air; and all probable
variations of those calculations and a few
other such "simple" details.
When you know those things, you can
then work up the necessary air flow tables
showing air temperatures, degrees of heat,
capacity of the air to hold moisture and
its capacity to absorb it; and tle required
cubic feet per minute of air.
Then all you have to do is to button up
the proper amount of door and window
space and you have it-dehumidified air
conditioning.
The real secret of tempering the air,
Mr. McKinley says, is to reduce the air
flow through the room to such a small
amount that a 75 watt heater will keep
the room at 79 to 80 degrees during the
night, which will give the desired dryness.
His Apartment Air Conditioned
The equipment Mr. McKinley uses in


Station


!





October 3,1952


THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW


PANAMA


Canal Activity
I!



NAVIGATION
DREDGING
LOCKS
FERRIES
METEOROLOGY AND
HYDROGRAPHY
ENGINEERING


EDITOR'S NOTE: The chart above
shows the alignment of Panama Canal
Company units or functions as pres-
ently constituted. Because of the wide-
spread misunderstanding of the pay-
ment of the net costs of Canal Zone
Government, the accompanying state-
ment will serve to clarify in the minds
of those employees how this net cost of
civil government is met and how it is
apportioned.
In his press conference at the close of
the Board of Directors meeting last
month, Under Secretary of the Army
Karl R. Bendetsen, Chairman of the
Board, explained that no part of the
cost of civil government is now being
met by employees. He called special
attention to the fact that the Commis-
saries and Clubhouses are required to
do no more than "break absolutely
even."
The essential fact in this complicated
question is that the Board of Directors
have excluded those employee services,
such as housing, commissaries, and
clubhouses, from the requirement of
paying any part of the cost of civil
government.
It is to be noted that only intra-
agency activities, which include em-
ployee services, are excluded from the
payment of a proportionate share of
civil government costs. Where such
services are rendered to both employees
or Company-Government units and
individuals or agencies outside the
costs will be identified so that they will
be provided at a break-even basis to
employees and to Company-Govern-


CANAL COMPANY


Service Activity
I

CLUBHOUSES
COMMISSARY DIVISION
CONSTRUCTION AND
MAINTENANCE
MOTOR TRANSPORTATION
PRINTING PLANT
POWER SYSTEM
TELEPHONE SYSTEM
WATER SYSTEM
STOREHOUSES
QUARTERS
INDUSTRIAL BUREAU
TIVOLI GUEST HOUSE

The Panama Canal Company Act
(Public Law 841) requires that the net
cost of Canal Zone Government be paid
by the Panama Canal Company. It also
established the following formula for the
payment of these costs:
"Tolls shall be prescribed at a rate or
rates calculated to cover, as nearly as
practicable, all costs of maintaining and
operating the Panama Canal, together
with the facilities and appurtenances re-
lated thereto, including interest and de-
preciation, and an appropriate share of
the net costs of operation of the agency
known as the Canal Zone Government.
In the determination of such appropriate
share, substantial weight shall be given to
the ratio of the estimated gross revenues
of the said corporation exclusive of the
cost of commodities resold, and exclusive
of revenues arising from transactions
within the said corporation or from trans-
actions with the Canal Zone Government."
The arrival of a final "determination of
such appropriate share" of the net costs
of civil government to be met by Canal
tolls has been one of the principal fiscal
problems in the reorganization. It has
been under constant study by the Board
of Directors and the Canal administration
since July 1, 1951.
In effect, this formula divided the


Commercial Activity




HOTEL WASHINGTON

PANAMA LINE

RAILROAD

TERMINALS
(Docks and Piers)

MARINE BUNKERING


these units from payment of cost of Canal
government also.
The latest realignment leaves the fol-
lowing in the "Commercial Activity"
group: Marine bunkering, Hotel Wash-
ington, the Panama Line, Panama Rail-
road, and Terminals (docks and piers),
which contribute to the Canal Zone
government along with the Canal activities.
The realignment of the various activities
in the Service and Commercial groups is
predicated on the theory that employee
services are transactions within the corpo-
ration, as provided in the section of the
Panama Canal Company Act quoted
above. The effect of these various changes
and adjustments in transforming the
Panama Canal from an independent
Government agency to a corporate-type
organization, as explained by Under
Secretary of the Army Bendetsen in his
press conference, has been in general to
relieve employees from the payment of
civil government costs.
It is not possible to give a figure on the
"proportion" of the net cost of the Canal
Zone Government borne by any indi-
dual activity. Assessments are made
primarily for the purpose of fixing rates
and the actual contribution of each
activity to the cost of government fluctu-
ates from day to day according to its





THE PANAMA


CANAL REVIEW


October 3,1952


Philatelic


Agency


Sells


$475,000


In


Zone


Stamps


In


Past


28


ears


Intense followers in many parts of the
world peer over the shoulder of the Canal
Zone Postal Service and pore over odd
bits of Isthmian history for any develop-
ment which might cast new light on their
interests in Canal Zone stamps.
Their window on official postal affairs
and mail order house for many purchases,
is the Philatelic agency for the Bureau of
Posts, the Post Office at Balboa Heights.
Inquiries, orders, and subsequent re-
plies shuttle to and from the Philatelic
Agency at a rate that makes the Balboa
Heights Post office one of its own best
customers.
An estimated $475,000 worth of Canal
Zone stamps have been purchased by
collectors since the establishment of the
Philatelic Agency 28 years ago.
Last year, $23,607 worth of stamps
were bought by philatelists.


Anniversary Stamps Popular


Probably the most popular single issue
of Canal Zone stamps was the anniversary
series, first sold on August 15, 1939, to
commemorate the 25th anniversary of the
opening of the Canal.
About $22,000 worth of anniversary
stamps were sold on the first day of issue
and more than 50,000 first day covers
were sent out by the Philatelic Agency.
Face value of the entire issue of annim-
versary stamps was $3.92. The catalog
value now has risen to $51.25.
Books have been written on the subject
of Canal Zone stamps, although there are
comparatively few of the stamps.
Judge E. I. P. Tatelman of the Cris-
tobal Magistrate's Court is now at work
on a weighty volume on the subject, in
collaboration with George W. Brett, a


graduate student at
Chicago.


Phi
band
a boo
to be


th y
the University


[lip L. Dade, Chief of the Contra-
Control Section, also has authored
k on the subject which is expected
published soon.


Two Stamps Clubs Here
Two local organizations, the Caribbean
and Cristobal Stamp Clubs, center con-
siderable attention on Canal Zone stamps.
Officers of the Atlantic side group, of


nhout 20 active


members, are Clinton


JUDGE E. I. P. TATELMAN of the Cristobal
Magistrate's Court, one of the most ardent and au-
thoritative local specialists in Canal Zone stamps, is
shown here engrossed in a variety in the perforations
on a sheet of 10-cent West Indian commemorative
stamps. C. F. Hinz (left), Postmaster at Balboa
Heights heads Canal Zone Philatelic Agency.
number originally issued.
Study Group Of 100 Members
Another reflection of increasing interest
is the recent formation of a study group
of about 100 members, mainly in the
United States, which devotes itself ex-
clusively to the subject of Canal Zone
stamps.
This group includes many members of,
and works in cooperation with, the
American Philatelic Society, a general
organization of some 11,000 members all
over the world, and the Bureau Issues
Association, of about 2,000 members,
primarily in the United States.
Much of this widespread specialized
interest arises from the unique features of


Canal Zone stamps, as products of a
unique postal system.
Patterned after but not a part of the
United States Postal Service, the Canal
Zone Bureau of Posts is the only such
separate postal service min territory under
United States jurisdiction.
As such, it issues its own Canal Zone
, .* 1 1 l* .. - - n-. _


Zone stamps-another point which makes
them interesting to collectors who there-
fore can 'aspire to acquire all stamps of all
issues more easily than from other stamp
issuing jurisdictions.
Selections Are Limited
Only about 225 stamps of straight
issues-not counting errors or varieties-
have been used in the Canal Zone since
United States occupation in 1904, as
compared with thousands issued in the
United States, for instance, over its much
longer period of postal history.
Philatelists also admire many Canal
Zone stamps for the beauty of their design.
The stamps of the Canal anniversary
issue of 1939, for instance, are as beautiful
as any issued any place at any time, in
the opinion of many collectors. This
series included 16 regular mail and 6
airmail stamps, the former depicting
Canal scenes "before" and "after" the
opening of the waterway.
They were suggested by former Presi-
dent Franklin D. Roosevelt, himself a
stamp collector, when he visited the
Isthmus in 1938. They were designed by
Virgil D. Westbrook, former Associate
Architect for the Canal, who is also re-
sponsible for the design of the 30-cent
Williamson stamp.
Other Canal architects who have de-
signed Canal Zone stamps are Leo C.
Page, who now heads the Canal archi-
tectural staff, Meade Bolton, who held
the same post before his retirement min
1949, and John C. Buechele, who retired
last year as Architect.
C. F. Hinz as Postmaster of the Balboa
Heights Post Office heads the Philatelic
Agency. Mrs. Anna M. Jones, Postal
Clerk, is directly responsible for most of
the orders and correspondence with
philatelists.
In a normal month, about 150 letters
and orders are handled by the Philatelic
Agency. When the new series of airmail
stamps was made available to the public
in July 1951, about 600 letters and orders
were received at Balboa Heights that
month.
8,000 On Collectors' List
The Philatelic Agency's regular mailing
I. - .... :X..1.,3 kin 4-..- n u'J 0 (br l-nlln.enfr.t





October 3,1952


THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW


Agency. On the first day of sale of the
West Indian issue of August 15, 1951,
commemorating the contributions of
West Indian labor to Canal construction,
the new stamps were affixed to some
5,500 envelopes, sent to the Agency for
that purpose, and mailed to addressees
in many countries on the first day of sale.
About 33,000 first day covers were pre-
pared by the Agency for release on June 1,
1949, first day of sale of the "Gold Rush
Centennial" series, commemorating the
gold rush to California across the Isthmus
of Panama in 1849.
Among the oddities of Canal Zone
postal history, of special interest to col-
lectors, are three unusual trans-Isthmian
trips on which specially cacheted covers
were carried.
One was the airmail flight of October
18, 1918 from the Atlantic to the Pacific
side of the Isthmus for the fourth Liberty
Loan Drive. On May 7, 1919, the sub-
marine U. S. S. C-8 carried mail through
the Canal to further the sale of Victory
Loan Bonds. In 1945 the aircraft carrier
U. S. S. Salerno Bay carried mail on its
trip through the Canal.
Helped War Bond Sales
On all three trips, those who used the
special mail service, had to be subscribers
to United States war bonds.


The Philatelic Agency at
Heights sells only current iss
cancelled stamps, including those
to first day covers. Sales of othe
Zone stamps are the province of
and collectors.


Balboa
ue un-
Saffixed
r Canal
dealers


Fraud and finagling with postal stamps
for the benefit of postal employees have
been notably absent from the entire his-
tory of the Canal Zone Postal Service,
according to Judge Tatelman, a foremost
authority on the subject.
There have been none of the deliberate
errors in printing, which cause the value
of a stamp to skyrocket, and no such
errors have been attempted by anyone
connected with the Canal Zone Postal
Service.
The most rare and valuable Canal Zone
stamp is now priced in catalogs at $1,250.
It is a five-centavo stamp, issued in Pan-
ama and overprinted for Canal Zone use,
which should have pictured Justo Arose-
mena, but bears instead a picture of
Francisco Fernandez de Cordoba, whose


IliJ


MRS. ANNA


M. JONES, Postal Clerk at the


Balboa Heights Post Office, handles most of the large
volume of correspondence and orders for stamps
which come to the Canal Zone from philatelists all
over the world.

turn, sold and surcharged again for use in
the Canal Zone.
Canal Zone No. 1 now is valued at $10.
Five- and ten-centavo stamps of the same
issue, also issued originally by Colombia,
now sell for about $5.
Circular No. 1 issued by the Isthmian
Canal Commission June 25, 1904, con-
tained the order of the Secretary of War
establishing post offices and postal service
in the Canal Zone.
Panama Stamps First Used
Stamps for use by the new postal serv-
ice had been ordered from the Post
Office Department in Washington, but
because they could not be shipped to
arrive min time for the start of the new
postal service, the first stamps used were
purchased from Panama.
The Panama stamps surcharged Canal
Zone were used from June 25, 1904
(United States took possession of the New
French Canal Company's properties on
the fourth of the previous month) to
July 17, 1904, when the United States
stamps overprinted Canal Zone were
placed in use by the new postal service.
The United States stamps surcharged
Canal Zone were used only until Decem-


ber 1904, when stamps purchased from
Panama were again placed in use and
continued in use until June 30, 1924.
Some of the most beautiful Canal Zone
stamps were those issued by Panama in
1915 for the opening of the Panama Canal
the year before.
U. S. Stamps Surcharged
United States stamps surcharged Canal
Zone were used from 1924 to 1928, when
the Canal Zone Bureau of Posts placed on
sale the first of its own issue stamps,
which have been in use since that time.
The permanent series of Canal Zone
stamps, first issued in 1928, honor the
great figures connected with the construc-
tion of the Canal.
Commemorative issues have been re-
stricted to significant events and affairs
in the annals of Isthmian history and
have been issued on the date which high-
lights best the significance of the issue.
Stamp Files Voluminous
The first letter in what are now volu-
minous Canal files on the subject of
philately was dated June 27, 1904, and
was addressed to "U. S. Governor Davis,"
first Governor of the Canal Zone. It
came from an 18-year-old in Hempstead,
Long Island, who asked the Governor to
use the enclosed 50 cents to buy the young
philatelist as many stamps as possible.
The flood of philatelic correspondence
that began in 1904 and continues to the
present time is sprinkled with about the
normal number of illegible, entertaining,
or just very human letters, many of which
deal with both postal and personal affairs
and mix philosophy with their philately.
At the time stamps were first issued by
the Bureau of Posts in the Canal Zone,
H. B. Cooper, then Postmaster at Balboa
Heights, anticipating a flood of philatelic
correspondence, suggested that the Bal-
boa Heights Post Office be designated as
Philatelic Agencv.


Accordingly, F. H. Wang, then Acting
Director of Posts, on August 28, 1924,
designated the Balboa Heights Post
Office the Philatelic Agency "for the
purpose of supplying Canal Zone stamped
paper at face value to purchasers for


collection purposes."
Since that time it has continued to
handle the always booming Canal Zone
stamp business.


r9~fn;f ni-iI 4nl .nin nnjnn mn*�Aint





THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW


October 3, 1952


Popular


Demand


For


More


Educational


Opportunities


Met


By


Junior


College


The Canal Z
its tropical set
of one of the
States institute:
Without pre
junior colleges
veloped in the
country's ecoi
The first jun
about the turn
ber has grown
650 flourishing
The popular
United States
roots" movem


*one Junior College, despite
ting, is a local outcropping
most American" of United
ions.
ecedent in other countries,
were first founded and de-
United States to fit that
nomic and social pattern.
ior colleges came into being
Sof the century. The num-
Suntil there are now some
in the country.
ity of junior colleges in the
has been termed a "grass
ent based on the practical


facts of life in the United States.
One of those facts was that a four-year
college education, no matter how desir-
able, was a luxury that was out of reach
for far too many young people.
Another of the practical facts that
helped further the growth of junior col-
leges was that many high school graduates
who would not or could not take general
four-year college courses could benefit
themselves and their communities by
taking specialized vocational training.
Influence Of Depression
Those economic and social facts, on
which many junior colleges were founded,
became even more pronounced in depres-
sion days of low incomes and general un-
employment. At that time, studies of the
unemployment situation opened new pos-


sibilities for junior colk
Professional fields v
surveys showed, while
semi-professional jobs
with proper vocational
colleges "turned to"
training for students
existing positions-as
chanics, accountants, d


eges.
vere overcrowded,
there were some
for young people
l training. Junior
to provide that
who could fill the
shop foremen, me-
[raftsmen, medical


technicians, etc.
The bleak economic picture of the 30's
also prevented many students from fin-
ishing regular four-year college courses.


JUNIOR COLLEGE STUDENTS and faculty members are shown here at Amador Beach, having
fun at the first of this year's monthly Student Association-sponsored social affairs which go on throughout
the school year.


The junior colleges, often in their own
home towns, provided for many of them
comparatively inexpensive access to
college level education.
C. Z. College Is Typical
The Canal Zone Junior College, in its
history and development, is typical of the
larger United States pattern, but bears
also distinctive marks of its Canal Zone
location and Latin American surroundings.
It was conceived as a desirable addition
to the local school system sometime in the
1920's but the public interest that hurried
it into existence, in the junior college
"grass roots" tradition, became increas-
ingly loud and insistent in the depression
days of the early 30's.
The record of the founding of the local
junior college is filled with petitions and
marked by liberal local newspaper com-
ment concerning the educational oppor-
tunities being lost to the college-age group
then in the Canal Zone.
Jobs, the general outcry ran, were non-
existent in the Canal Zone, and further
education was an economic impossibility


S -*


for many with depression-deflated incomes.
Official consideration of the junior col-
lege proposal hinged on a different
type of financial consideration. The
Canal administration was willing enough
to start the college if funds could be
found for the project, but Balboa High
School, for instance, then underequipped
and overcrowded, was an equally pressing
and important problem.
Survey Begun In 1932
An actual survey of the subject of the
proposed junior college was started in
1932 but the necessary deliberations
seemed not fast enough to suit the public


which had interested itself in
At about the same time
Civic Council devised a slog
junior college campaign ("A
lege in the Canal Zone by
1932"). Governor Burgess


the college.
the Pacific
an for their
Junior Col-
October 1,
voiced the


troubles of the administration min a
memorandum to the Executive Secretary:
"I do not believe Congress will au-
thorize the junior college until the United
States finances are in very much better
shape than they are likely to be in the
next two years."
In view of the temper of the Congress
and Budget Bureau, then inclined to hold
tight to the purse strings, the decision





October 3,1952


THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW


Appointment


Vacancy


For

At


Canal


Zone


Military


Open


Academy


Canal Zone boys who see a military
career as the culmination of their highest
hopes will have another opportunity this
year to compete for appointment to the
United States Military Academy.
With the graduation next June of
Cadet Charles J. McGinn, son of Mr. and
Mrs. Thomas M. McGinn of Gatun, a
Canal Zone vacancy will again be open
at West Point. Nominations for anDoint-


ments to the Military Academy are ma
by the Canal Zone Governor.


DEAN R.C.HACKETT (left) heads the faculty of the Canal Zone Jumnior College and Dr. Dorothy
Moody (right) who has been at the College since it was established, teaches English and is Dean of Women.
Shown with them is Edward Castano, President of the Student Association this year, who is a sophomore
in the College and is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Edward Castano of Colon.


its own new structure,
called "Science Building.


the present so-


Before the end of its first year of opera-
tion, min April 1934, the new Junior College
was recognized by the American Associa-
tion of Junior Colleges. Since November
1941, it has been accredited by the
Middle States Association of Colleges and
Secondary Schools.
The first college catalog expressed the
general aims which have guided the
school since its founding and formed the
basis for the curricula then and now
available to students.
The first aim listed in the college's first
catalog, which remains essentially the
same today, was the provision of a general
cultural education designed to make those
who receive it more capable and intelligent
citizens.
"The need for intelligent citizenship,"
the first catalog noted, "has never been
greater than it is today."
250 Take Extension Course
The Extension Division of the Junior


that. He taught from 1930 to 1935 at
Cristobal High School.
The four other full-time instructors
who teach only in the Junior College are
Charles R. Bowen, who teaches history
and social science; Shepard C. Clark and


James A. Lyons, instructors
mercial education; and J. Stuart
instructor in mathematics.


m cornm-
McNair,


Four other full-time instructors in the
Junior College, who also teach a limited
number of courses in the high school, are
George O. Lee, biological science teacher;
Kenneth W. Vinton, instructor in physical
sciences; and Subert Turbyfill, instructor
in speech and dramatics.
Other faculty members, as well as
school facilities, are shared by the high
school and the Junior College.
Peak Enrollment In 1946-47
Peak year of enrollment in regular
classes was the 1946-47 school year, when
there were 259 students in the college.
Present enrollment in regular classes is
142.
A k,+ J _, fl . . . & t J L -L2 L.L ^ ^1--J- -.' AlL t


de


Local youths who are interested in
competing for the appointment should see
the Principals of the Balboa and Cristobal
High Schools or the Dean of the Canal
Zone Junior College to determine if they
meet the age, educational, and residence
requirements for the appointment. Ar-
rangements will be made to give these
applicants written and physical examina-
tions at dates to be announced later.
The candidates must be sons of civilians
living in the Canal Zone or of civilian
employees of the U. S. Government
living in Panama. They must have
reached their seventeenth birthdays but
must not be over 22 years old by next
July 1.
This year the candidates will be given
a battery of tests which will include the
subjects in which all candidates for the
Academy must qualify; these will include
American History, English, and Inter-
mediate Algebra. In addition, the candi-
dates will be given a standard psychological
examination for college freshmen.
The 10 candidates who attain the
highest ratings in these tests will then be
given physical examinations by military
physicians to see whether they will be
able to pass the rigid physical examination
required for admission to the Academy.
After completing these examinations,
the candidates will be interviewed by the
Committee on Admissions to the Military
and Naval Academy. This committee is
comprised of the Marine Director, the
Engineering and Construction Director,
the Executive Secretary, and the Super-
intendent of Schools, with the Director





THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW


October 3,1952


Travelling


Cook


Recipe


Maker


Dredging

After 23


Division Tug

Years Experience


4%


Madden Dam, where he worked in the
mess hall that fed the men who worked
on Madden Dam and Madden Road.
The cook at the time was a friend of his
and Cubillo found that he liked the
cooking business. He stayed on the job
and soon became a waiter and also learned
to cook.
When Madden Dam was finished in
1935, he found a job in the Dredging
Division, where he has been cooking ever
since, on the tugs, Trinidad, La Boca,
and San Pablo.


Applications

For Quarti


Now Open


irs


Gatun


A
". , L


A COOK WHO HAS TAKEN several cook's tours is Mateo ("Cubi") Cubillo shown here dispensing
coffee on the Dredging Division tug, San Pablo. The coffee drinkers are John Howard (right) Senior Chief
Engineer, and Captain William H. Ward (left" two of the cook's regular and most enthusiastic customers
on the San Pablo.


"If you like to do a thing, you like to do
it good," according to Mateo ("Cubi")
Cubillo.


He likes to
has earned hir


cook and his goo
n some long coo


Usually he travels only in
waters as cook on the tug, San
he has had his look at some of t
the world from other galley win
He cooked his way to Ven
1949 on the former Canal tug Go
went back the next year-both


d cooking
k's tours.
Isthmian
Pablo, but
he rest of
dows.
ezuela in
rgona and
times on


leave from the Canal-on the little tug
Miraflores.
In 1951, he was flown to New Orleans
with the Dredging Division crew that
went to pick up the former Coast Guard
cutter, Wolcott and bring her back to the
Canal Zone. He cooked on the Wolcott
for a month in New Orleans while she was
readied for the trip to the Canal Zone,
then cooked his way back home again to
his regular Dredging Division job.
Cubi's doughnuts-real "sinkers" with
4-b;~t- nrnnrjhir rvnifnrqt---and1 ntihpr fnndi t"n


says, "and they always come out
Another favorite with Cubillo
it's his own favorite too-is bar
beef with a sauce he explains in
that are almost specific.


"I
goes,
it all i
tershi
and ti
nothii
very f
Th&
On
of 11
two n
and
day.
He
1929


right."
fans-
becued
terms


Barbecue Sauce Specialty
take my butter," his sauce recipe
"then I take some ketchup. I put
n one and then put in some Worces-
re sauce. I take a few pork chops
hrow them in so everything cooks to
ng. Then everything cooks down to
'ew sauce . . . ."
at's it; that's barbecue sauce.
the tug San Pablo, he feeds a crew
on rotating eight hour shifts. Their
heals a day are always "breakfast"
'lunch" regardless of the real time of


Applications will be received until
October 17 for the 10 apartments which
are under construction in Gatun, ac-
cording to the Housing Division. The
apartments will be assigned prior to the
expected completion date cf December 1.
All of the houses are masonry, on the
ground type cottages; six have two bad-
rooms and the other four have three
bedrooms each.
In case any of those receiving assign-
ments decline them, the house in question
will be reassigned to the senior applicant
as of October 17. This will continue until
all assignments have been accepted.
Each of the prospective tenants will be
advised in advance of the anticipated
date of acceptance by the Housing Di-
vision of the quarters to which he has
been assigned. He will then be required
to occupy this house not later than a
specified date.


Timer


Honored


has been a cook for the Canal since
when he became a mess boy at


Il TIRIFMI T_





October 3, 195i


THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW


Office Of Engineering
Unit Moves This Month

The Civil Engineering Branch of the
Engineering Division will be transferred
during the week of October 15 from the
present offices in Diablo Heights to the
main office of the Engineering Division
at Balboa Heights.
The offices have been located on the
second floor of the larger of the two
"Special Engineering Division" buildings
in Diablo.
The transfer will involve about 20
employees.
Canal's Radio-Electronic Unit Deals
With Latest In Scientific Equipment


(Continued from page 3)
Rica, and Balboa.


San Jose,


Costa


Location Of Shops
The Radio-Electronics unit has its
Balboa headquarters in Pier 17 and the
Cristobal shop is located in the Marine
Electric shop min the Industrial Bureau
area at Mount Hope. The Cristobal shop
is in the charge of Bland L. Smith, who
was recently promoted to Leader Elec-
tronics Mechanic.
The personnel employed in Balboa in-
clude Asa C. Bullock, Jr., a native of the
Canal Zone, and Edward W. Voss, elec-
tronics mechanics; Arley A. Hill and Paul
L. Ellis, radio mechanics; Robert M.
Adams, apprentice radio mechanic; and


four Loci-rate helpers, J.
David Carter, Darnley Smith,
Lashley.
In addition to Mr. Smith, th
shop is staffed by John W. H
H. Foster, and Chester H. Ha
tronics mechanics; Ewald A.
radio mechanic: and three


helpers, H. Buchanan,
and C. L Wharton.


A.


Four-Masted


De Costa,
and W. C.


ie Cristobal
uson, John
Lrrold, elec-
Wiberg, Jr.,
Local-rate
McFarlane,


Training


Ladies with a "perfect 36" of a figure and
those built on other proportions all know
that a dress-from the Corn-
Scientific missary or elsewhere-is only
Sizes For All as flattering as its fit.
Figures Not so well known is the
system of sizes with which
manufacturers strive to fit every figure.
The old standby sizes in the "ready-to-
wear" business are the misses sizes from 10
to 20, long manufactured for an alleged
average lithe American figure. These are for
women 5 feet 5 inches, to 5 feet 9 inches and
slim to medium in circumference.
The other long-time regulars in the matter
of sizes are woman's sizes from 36 to 44.
These are for women 5 feet 5 inches to 5
feet 9 inches and built on sturdier lines.
For the many figures which don't fit those
averages, the Commissaries have other sizes.
Women's half sizes from 143 to 2434
viewed as a godsend to many "non-average
women, created a minor revolution in the
dress industry when they were introduced
several years ago. That was when designers
took their heads out of the sand and started
looking at facts about figures. Half sizes are
for shorter women-5 feet 5 inches and
under-who are not as slim as their cover-
girl sisters with that supposed "All-Ameri-
can" figure.
Junior sizes from 9 to 15are for women and
girls from 5 feet 4 inches, to 5 feet 6 inches
with a slim, short waist and small, high
bust-that much discussed "girlish figure."
Strawberries, fresh off the vine, are now
flown from David and sold in the Commis-
saries a matter of hours after
Fresh they are harvested. This is
Chiriquf the first time native straw-
Strawberries berries have been available
regularly in sufficient quan-
tity for regular purchases by the Commis-
sary Division.;


Two weekly shipments-one to the
Atlantic and the other to the Pacific side of
the Isthmus-are scheduled so that the
fresh strawberries go on sale at the Ancon
and Balboa Commissaries late Thursday


Ship


Visits


Canal


>4:


afternoons and at the Cristobal and Marga-
rita Commissaries late Tuesday afternoons.
The strawberries will continue to be sold
as long as customers show they want them.
Mildew-proof Tropidura white paint can
now be purchased in the Commissaries in
one-pint tins.
Pretty and practical D'Orsay pumps in a
new wide-open toe version, are among the
new ladies shoes in the Commissaries. They
are calf, in white, red or a glossy natural tan
color called "Benedictmine." They cost $7.45.
Nylon "car-sac's," latter-day cousin of the
proven and practical canvas "Val-a-Pak,"
are now available in the Commissaries. The
"Car-Sac," to be hung in a car or folded and
used as a bag like the Val-a-Pak, costs
$12.75-the Val-a-Pak, $22.95.
Beau Monde seasonming will be in the
Commissaries soon, courtesy of one of its
many devotees who requested the Commis-
sary Division to stock it. It does wonderful
things to meats, stews, salads, etc.-let your
taste buds be your guide.
Fashion's current passion for petticoats
now extends to the two-to-eight crowd.
Petticoat and pantie combinations for little
girls, now available in the Commissaries
have embroidered edges for fancy pants
effects.
The familiar fungicide Desenex, long
available only at Canal dispensaries, now is
carried in the Commissaries min the form of
ointment or powder.
A new infant cereal with papaya will be
on sale in the Commissaries soon. The name
of the new product to whet babies'
appetites is Cerol.
Men's dacron anklets will be in the stores
again soon and the prices will be more
pleasing. They will be available in blue,
green, tan, and canary-for gay or conserva-
tive tastes.
For the farsighted who are looking for-
ward to November and December holidays
the Commissaries have electric
For roasters to fit all sizes and types
Future of fowls. Westinghouse roaster-
Feasts ovens cost $38.65 and the General
Electric automatic roaster, $38.
Non-electric Club aluminum roasters, 15-
inches long, sell for $7.85 and Wearever
roasters, in six different sizes and shapes,
start at $3.25 which fit a four to five pound
chicken, and go up to the largest 173-inch
size at $7.50 for a 16- to 20-pound bird.


- , - A | �






THE PANAMA


CANAL REVIEW


October 3,1952


ANNIVERSARIES


Employees who observed important anni-
versaries during the month of September are
listed alphabetically below. The number of
years includes all Government service with
the Canal or other agencies. Those with


continuou
indicated


s service
with (*).


with the Canal
with the Canal


q41 years
*George N. Engelke, Assistant
Manager, Commissary Division.


35 years
Arthur R. Grier, General
Dredging Division.
William H. Metivier, Mail
Administrative Branch.


are


OCTOBER


4th-Track Foremen
1-^ 0 f-l flt


5

6


Genera I


Foreman,

Supervisor,


30 years
Wallace T. Melanson, Master Ship-
wright and Dockmaster, Industrial Bureau.
John B. Morton, Locomotive Machinist,
Terminals Division.
Harry M. Witt, Foreman, Repair Shop
Terminals Division.
25 years
Vincent Canamas, Cabinetmaker, In-
dustrial Bureau.
Edgar H. Freeman, Medical Technician,
Health Bureau.
20 years
Thomas G. Coleman, Supervisor, Main-
tenance Division.
William R. Dunning, Lock Operator-
Machinist, Pacific Locks.
James L. Fulton, Government Account-
ant, Finance Bureau.
Lloyd W. Peterson, Clerk, Division of


Storehouses.
Ralph K. Skinner,
Finance Bureau.


Voucher Examiner,


15 years
*Neil V. Branstetter, High School
Teacher, Balboa High School.
Clarence H. Browne, Personnel Assist-
ant, Central Labor Office, Cristobal.
Hobart V. Butler, Agent Operator and
Train Dispatcher, Railroad Division.


William I. Hollowell,
man, Maintenance Division.
Theophil F. Hotz, Pri
High School.
*James A. Lyons, I


instructor.
William K. McCue, P


Stuart


McNair,


Davis.
J.


(


Principal Fore-


incipal,

junior
)stmnaste


Junior


Balboa

College

r, Fort

College


Instructor,.
*Allen K. Miller, Electrical Engineer,
Electrical Division.
John J. Molyneaux, Heavy Truck
Driver and Auto Serviceman, Motor
Transportation l)ivision.
*Mary N. Orr, Secretary (Stenographer),
Office of Supply and Service I)irector.
Paul L. Parker, Motorboat Maintenance


Mechanic. Dredllinu Division.


No. 2741, Balboa


B ): & nhops.
th-VFW Post No. 3857, C
Veterans Club, 9 a. nm.
th-Postal Employees No. 231(
boa Lodge Hall, 7:30 p. m.
Pedro Miguel Civic Council,
Church, 7 p. nm.
American Legion Post No. 3,
Legion Hall, 7:30 p. inm.


Cristobal-Margarita
Margarita Clubhouse,
VFW Post No. 727, Fo


ristobal


0, Bal-

Union

Gatun


Civic Council,
7:30 p. m.
rt Clayton, 7:30


p. mn.
VFW Post No. 3822, Curundu Road,
7:30 p. m.
7th-Meatcutters and Butchers No.
121, Member's Home, 7:30 p. nm.
Teachers No. 228, Cristobal High School


Auditorium, 3:30 p. m.
Gamboa Civic Council, Community
Center, 7:30 p. nm.
Gatun Civic Council, Gatun Club-


house, 7:30 p. rn.
Machinists No. 811, Bal
7:30 p. m.
8th-Carpenters and Jc
Balboa Lodge Hall, 7:3
Pacific Civic Council,
Administration Buildin
American Legion Post
Home, Old Cristobal, 7
10th-Blacksmiths No.
makers No. 463 and


boa Lodge Hall,

miners No. 913,
0 p. m.
Board Room,
g, 7:30 p. m.
No. 2, Legion


:30 p.
400,
471.


all, Margarita, 7:30 p. m.
Hall, Margarita, 7:30 p. m.


nm.
B
K.


12th-Sheetmetal Workers No. 157
boa Clubhouse, 9:30 a. m.
Plumbers No. 606, Balboa Lodge


9:30 a. m.
13th-Machinists No. 699,
Margarita, 7:30 p. m.
American Legion Post
Home, 7:30 p. m.
14th-Electrical Workers
Memorial, 7:30 p. m.
VFW Post No. 100, Old B4
ing, Cristobal, 7:30 p. IT
American Legion Post
Clayton, 7:30 p. m.
Pipefitters, Margarita C


oiler-
of C.

, Bal-

Hall,


K. of C. Hall

No. 1, Legion

No. 397, Wirz

ov Scout Build-


clubhouse


p. m.
American Legion Auxiliary Unit No. 1,
Balboa Legion Home, 7:30 p. m.
15th-AFGE No. 14, Balboa Clubhouse,
7:30 p. m.
American Legion Auxiliary Unit No. 3,
Legion Hall, Gatun, 7:30 p. m.
16th-American Legion Auxiliary Unit
No. 6, Gamboa Legion Hall, 7:30 p. m.


August


19th-CLU-MTC, Balboa Lodge Hall.
8:30 a. m.
20th-Electrical Workers No. 677, Gatun
Masonic Temple, 7:30 p. m.
Truckdrivers, Balboa Lodge Hall, 7:30


p. m.
21st-Operating Engineers,
Hall, Margarita, 7 p. m.
Machinists No. 811, Balboa
7:30 p. m.
22d-AFGE No. 88, Margarita
7:30 p. m.
American Legion Auxiliary
Legion Home, Old Cristoba
27th-Machinists No. 699, K.


Margarita, 7:30 p. m.
VFW Auxiliary, Post
p. m.
28th-Marine Enginee
Margarita, 7 p. m.
Operating Engineers
Hall, Balboa, 7 p. m.
VFW No. 100, Old Bo'
Cristobal, 7:30 p. m.


K. of C.

Lodge Hall,

Clubhouse,

Unit No. 2,
I, 7:30 p. m.
of C. Hall.


3822 Home,

rs. Elks


yV


No. 595, Lodge

Scout Building,


American Legion Post No. 7, Fort
Clayton, 7:30 p. m.
29th-Governor's Conference, Board
Room, Administration Building, 2 p.m.

NOVEMBER


1st-Track Foremen


No. 2741


Shops, Balboa.
2d-VFW No. 3857, Crist
Club, 9 a. m.
3d-Postal Employees No.
Lodge Hall, 7:30 p. m.
American Legion Post
Legion Hall, 7:30 p. m.
Pedro Miguel Civic Co
Church, 7 p. m.


obal


, B & B

Veterans


23160, Balboa


No. 3,

iuncil,


Cristobal-Margarita Civic Cou
Margarita Clubhouse, 7:30 p. m.
VFW No. 727, Fort Clayton, 7:30
VFW No. 3822, Curundu Road, 7:30
4th-Meatcutters and Butchers
121, Officer's Home, 7:30 p. m.
Teachers No. 228, Cristobal High S
Auditorium, 3:30 p. m.
Gamboa Civic Council, Comm
Center, 7:30 p. m.
Gatun Civic Council, Gatun Clubh
7:30 p. m.
Machinists No. 811, Balboa Lodge
7:30 n. m.


5th-VFW


No. 4


0, Wirz Memo


p. in.
6th-Carpenters and Joiners
Margarita Clubhouse, 7:30 p.
7th-American Legion Post No
boa Legion Home, 7:30 p. inm.


Gatun

Union


incil,

p. m.
p.m.
No.

school

unity


house,


Hall,


rialM, 7:30

No. 667,
m.
. 6. Gainm-


THIS MONTH'S CALENDAR


PROMOTIONS AND TRANSFERS


15 Through September 15


6(


!


I





October 3,1952


THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW


Mrs. Marian M. Langford, from Clerk-
Typist, Finance Bureau, to Substitute
Teacher, Schools Division.
Paul E. MacMillan, from Policeman to
Fireman, Fire Division.
John J. Herring, from Locks Security
Guard, Pacific Locks, to Fireman, Fire
Division.
Mrs. Nancy J. Hatchett, from Clerk,
Finance Bureau, to Substitute Teacher,
Division of Schools.
ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION
BUREAU
George P. Fullman, from Meter Inspec-
tor to Supervisor, Water Meter Repair
Unit, Water and Laboratories Branch,
Maintenance Division.
Robert M. Turner, from Maintenance
Mechanic, Construction Equipment, to
Water Meter Inspector, Maintenance Divi-
sion.
John H. Foster, from Senior Radio
Mechanic Balboa, to Electronics Mechanic,
Electrical Division.
Bland H. Smith, from Electronics
Mechanic to Electronics Mechanic Leader,
Electrical Division.
George W. Cunningham, from Wire-
man Leader to Wireman, Electrical Division.
John M. Ryder, from Hydraulic Engi-
neering Aid to Meteorological Aid, Meteoro-
logical and Hydrographic Branch.
Mrs. Juamnita O. Jones, from Clerk-
Typist to Clerk, Engineering Division.
Ray S. Ward, from Locks Security
Guard, Pacific Locks, to Wireman, Electri-
cal Division.
FINANCE BUREAU
Mrs. Betty R. Olsen, from Typist to
Clerk-Typist.
Arline Lincoln, from Clerk-Typ!st to
Accounting Clerk.
HEALTH BUREAU
Dr. Weldon C. White, from Medical
Officer, Gorgas Hospital, to Medical Officer,
Corozal Hospital.
Mrs. Erma C. Forbes, from Nurse,
Pacific Medical Clinics, to Public Health
Nurse, Division of Quarantine.
Maj. Thomas B. Hauschild, from
Medical Officer, Corozal Hospital, to Medi-
cal Officer, Gorgas Hospital.
Mrs. Dorothy M. Kozar, from Staff
Nurse to Nurse Supervisor, Colon Hospital.
INDUSTRIAL BUREAU
George R. Egolf and William C.
Willoughby, from Apprentice Machinists
to Machinists.
Sydney T. Lindh, from Lock Operator
Machinist, Locks Division, to Machinist
Leader.
MANAGEMENT DIVISION
Derwood J. Quade, from Architect,
Engineering Division, to Orgamnization and
Methods Examiner, Management Division.
MARINE BUREAU
Preston M. Trim, Jr., from Marine Dis-
patcher Trainee to Marine Dispatcher,
Navigation Division.
James R. Sponagle, from Machinist,
Industrial Bureau, to Lock Operator,
Machinist, Atlantic Locks.
Joseph J. Cicero, from Junior Foreman,


Local


Diggers

In Rich


EDITOR'S NOTE: The following
article is the second part of a story en-
titled "Many Canal 'Diggers' and
Naturalists Look for Man-Made, Nat-
ural History," which appeared on page
6 of the September issue of THE PANAMA
CANAL REVIEW. The first part told of
some of the amateur archaeologists and
naturalists in the Canal Zone, several
of them Canal employees, their fields
of special interest, and two local so-
cleties composed of these amateurs.
Local archeologists, always on the look-
out for potential sites for excavation, have
been instrumental in the opening of two
of the richest Isthmian archeological finds.
Sitio Conte, center of Code Indian cul-
ture near Nata, was excavated as a direct
result of the efforts of Karl P. Curtis.
This area has been described by Matthew
W. Stirling, leader of several National
Geographic Society-Smithsonian Institu-
tion archeological expeditions in this part
of the world, as "probably the richest
archeological site ever excavated scientif-
ically in the New World."
Sometime in the 1920's Mr. Curtis
found that beautiful and intricately
wrought gold jewelry and ornaments of a
type previously unknown in this part of
the world were being sold from time to
time in certain shops in Panama City.
Recognizing their potential historical as
well as intrinsic value, he investigated.
Finding that the exquisite pieces were
all coming from a certain locality, he
made inquiries there and found that they
were being washed down by the Rio
Grande River. Tracing them back up-
stream, he was convinced be had dis-
covered the site of a rich and unknown
culture.
Detailing his find to scientists of the
Peabody Museum of Harvard University,


James M. Hunter, from Laborer Fore-
man, Division of Storehouses, to Small Tug
Operator, Dredging Division.
Glynn L. Terrell, from Shipwright,
Industrial Bureau, to Lock Operator Ship-
wright, Pacific Locks.
Charles A. Stewart, from Lock Opera-
tor Machinist, Atlantic Locks, to Lock
Operator Machinist, Pacific Locks.
PERSONNEL BUREAU
Mrs. Kathyleen R. Miller, from Clerk-
Typist, to Personnel Clerk (Typist) Person-
nel Records Division.
Donald H. Boland, from Engineering
rnff V'nl 12. T 'r*-n : " 1r'~ : * ~... . T. ir


Participated

Archaeological


Find


PHILIP L. DADE, Chief of the Contraband
Control Section, is one of the many ardent Canal
"diggers" who spend their off-duty hours searching
for long-buried Isthmian history.

he urged them to send an expedition to
excavate the site. Peabody Museum
expeditions were sent and worked in the
area for three seasons from 1930 to 1933.
Dr. Samuel K. Lothrop was in charge
of the excavations in 1932 and 1933 and
subsequently wrote two books on the
findings there.
The local reputation of Philip L. Dade,
Chief Investigator of the Contraband
Control Section, as an amateur archeolo-
gist played a part in the opening of
another rich archeological site, Venado
Beach at Fort Kobbe, a former coconut
plantation transformed into an Army
firing range.
Late in July of 1949, a bulldozer,
scraping off the rich sandy loam of the
area to provide topsoil for the develop-
ment of new Navy quarters on the West
Bank of the Canal, turned over fragments
of pottery and bone.
A drag line operator, knowing Mr.
Dade's reputation as a "digger," told him
what was happening. Following a per-
sonal survey, Mr. Dade notified Professor
Mendez of the Panama Museum and
Professor Ernesto Castillero, professor of
geology and history at the University of
Panama, who together inspected the area.
As a result, the bulldozing stopped and
nt.f lt ^�t v'*/. I/hri n I ^fnlt:t m ^ -w nf 1i .%�flj *fl�- fl* aJ- *. L --





THE PANAMA CANAL REVIEW


IV


October 3, 1952


Testers


Are


Kept

Several


Busy Checking

Hundred Scale


Weights

s Of All


Industrial


Sizes


ONE OF THE FAMILIAR Commissary computing scales, stripped down to its intricate insides is
shown here being adjusted and cleaned by Walter G. Brown, Scale Inspector for the Pacific side, and Oil
Meter Inspector for the Canal Zone.
Helping him is Mortimer Boyce, who, in 26 years of service as Scale Inspector Helper, has worked
with six different regular and acting Pacific side scale inspectors.


Among the weightier matters in the
Canal organization always suspect and
under close watch are hundreds of scales
which, by direction of the Governor, must
show a pound as a proper pound.
From the Panama Railroad track scales
which weigh flat cars full of scrap iron,
to the penny scales which tell dieters their
fate as well as weight, all Canal scales
used for sales are checked at least once a
month and certified to be accurate in
their weight.
Watchdogs over the scales and weights
who make the monthly checks are Walter
G. Brown, on the Pacific side, Scale and
Oil Meter Inspector, and Eugene E.
(universally known as "Pinky") Orvis,
Jr., who watches Atlantic side weights.
A round green seal plastered promi-
nently on scales is the inspectors' official
1 ~ ~~ .V . � h :


Zone post offices. Babies and big people
at Gorgas and Colon Hospitals also have
to be weighed. Foundry scales at the
Industrial Bureau weigh the proportions
of non-ferrous metals that go into the
making of iron.
Mr. Brown estimates that his Pacific
side route for monthly scale inspections
covers about 250 separate scales. Some
scales which are not used to measure goods
for sale are checked only when a check
seems necessary.
Most numerous of any single type of
scales in the Canal organization are the
familiar white plastic covered computing
scales in Commissary retail stores. Their
original cost of $450 each illustrates
something of the exactitude and precision
of their mechanisms.
Customers Can See Weights


Bureau's Safety


Record Given Commendation


The safety record of the Industrial
Bureau, which had only 11 lost-time
injuries during the past fiscal year, has
been specially commended by Lt. Gov.
H. 0. Paxson.
This figure was 24 percent of a total
of 490 lost-time injuries for the entire Com-
pany-Government organization during
the fiscal year. The Industrial Bureau's
record included no fatalities and only one
permanent partial disability.
Each Monday morning leadingmen and
foremen of the Industrial Bureau hold
safety meetings with workmen in their
gangs, pointing out unsafe practices and
conditions and briefing the workmen on
the hazards of jobs scheduled for the
coming workweek. In addition, a safety
inspection of the Industrial Bureau plant
is made monthly.
Now under study is a plan to train
Local-rate safety committeemen who can
keep in close touch with the workmen who
are scattered in jobs aboard ship and who
cannot be under constant supervision of
of a foreman or leadingman.
The Industrial Bureau Is also inten-
sifying its campaign to persuade all
employees to use such personal safety
equipment as safety shoes, goggles, hats,
and gloves.


belt that takes them to the scales, which
show the exact price to be marked for the
amount of meat in the package. The
chance of error is very slight but there is
still a checker at the end of the line to
weigh and price over again random pack-
ages of meat to reduce further the chance
of error.
Master Check Weights
The final authority as to how much a
pound weighs-the authority on which
any adjustments are made by scale in-
spectors-is a master set of check weights
at the Instrument Repair Shop at Balboa.
These chrome plated brass weights are
kept in dry storage and handled only with
wooden tongs to prevent moisture or
other outside conditions to affect even
slightly the weight.
The check weights carried by scale in-
spectors in making their monthly checks


ma


EA ....- C
. ^ - 2^�--^
t.3 *-*'"p

^a -^:
3-*^.^^1----*