Annual report of the Governor of the Panama Canal for the fiscal year ended ..

.*i.H *i.e .is

S
~1v> 4

SI

OF ORID I A
OF~|| Fl- i^ nL^^ - 'i * 1<-- 9

K
I>
't~'t> 71,

eas

IN: .. ..

: x! *
ift

K> x x x<

� xx

:i x x '

xx :. xx:
.1 . 'x
KK K

xx - K
KKKK
xx 's *

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR

^himmw--mMi^J .^^^m^ ^_^^^ .i^^-....................^^.
P "I 11f IT 'I 1
I Bk-J i^^j
i- i i .r'
J. & ** A

PANAMA

FOR THE

FISCAL

YEAR

ENDED JUNE 30

1915

0'V
S %
1. ^ 44

(I 4 r T t;

OF

CANAL

xx x " "
I'. x .

::' *xx

I

'a
.*

* S.
**,
- **S

**
*. *1
a .
* .* *
o S
*
* �

I a
.. .

Thry

S

" a
. ..
* .*
* ** CS
a..

* *
ft e

-S a, ~

...... :^:.." II'

21i
.V :* * ^l

AK KKKKK K

� KKK h KK

* I

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Page.

Report of the Governor of The Panama Cai
Ozgaiization. .......a.a...a...aa
Construction...................
Lo~cks... . . . . . . . . . . .
114342k8~h~j - a * aw a4 a a � a a a ai - t a a **aa - - a a
Electrical division.. .a .-.. .....l.
Municipal engineering. . ........
. Meteorology and hydrography ....
Surveys - .... . .....- ....- ..........
Office engineer ...... - - .. - - ..........
Lighthouses- a.. a -.--.....a.aa

Division of terminal construction - .....-
r docks .................... -- - .. -
Balboa coaling station .-.........
Oristobal coaling station..........
Balboa shoop a....aaaa....aaaa...
East breakwater a a -a-a.aa.....a
Fuel oil handling plants ..........
Floating cranes .a aa. ..... a a

. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . ..
a* a aa a* - * - - aaaa -� , a -, - - - a a* a-** a a -

. . . . . �-a..- - . a.-- a a a. a a . . -

.- . a . a - a - - - a a.. . a - . . - a .

. ... . . . .. . . ... . . .. . .
- - a a a a - -- -. - -. a . . .. . . - - - a a - a . a . a - a

a .. . a - a a. -. - - -- a ai a a - a - - a - a - a - - - - a a a. a

- a - - a

. - a - a -- a -I

- ---------------------------

- a a aa a - -- -

- -as w a a a -

Colliers. ........
T ugs..a .a.a.a.a.a a

Commercial and
Quarantine boat
Dredging division.. -

Mechanical division.

repair wharves.- - - - -
rep air wharves.a

landing..
I- a - a* a* a* a* - -
a a a a. a a a - -

a a

Building divsion- -..... . . . ... . .
Operation and maintenance..... - .
Supply department..............
Qu t ers - - a... - - .. .... .. .
.oral-... .. .. ...
Material and supplies... ....
.Scrap -... e -. ..**...a .. .- -a - a

Subsistence ..... .... .. . . . ...
Mount Hope printing plant -..
Accounting departme -nt...- .......
A"M , *W *

a - *- a a a - - - - - -

a - - - a------------------------ - - -
a - - a aa.aa.a a a .

a a a -. - a - - a
a a - - - a a - -

- a - a- ------------------------ -- -- --a a - a a a a - ----- --- -- --- .-. a a a - a a
a - - aa a a -a -a - - a - - aa a a -a - - aa a a

IV TA]

Report of the Governor of The P
Executive department--Con

Division of civil affairs..
Customs bureau....
Adnistration of a
Licenses and taxes.
Postal service .....
Canal Record --....
Police and fire division-
Division of schools.....- .
Bureau of clubs and pla
'The courts.. ...........---
Relations with Panama.
Law......e... -...- -a .

Washington office.. ......
Sanitation............ --...
Vital statistics..........
Division of hospitals . -.
Sanitary division- ......
SPanama. . ..-..-
Colon... ...-....-...
QuaMantine. . . . --. . .. --.

Fortifications.. .-.- . .-. .-- ...-...

BLE OF CONTENTS.

anania Cantal----on~i~

itinued. � ..

* � *, . �>* � � * �, ,~~~~~~, , , ,,,,H � � � c * ^ , ^ .,. , a ^ .. . . . *
a e a a t te -* a - *** * tf -M f f ,I k *i ** a * a l ate ac te c *I *:B:*�*ki - aiir a . i:**
asro un-w - - : * - - -. ea a aa ata. 0

. . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . .

.......... ...................... ..... ..... 6
* - - - - - a aA - - - tee. a a a am a -, - -, a ,i , aW e > a - - a -t at- .

i� - -� a - a - a a a - - - a * a a a a> �,t a a . -. a a i -B a a a a aB a a a- a a a t^� a l 51M l^*'. : '::
Ca - a a a a - W a a h lw - t. a a, a a a - - a a a a a| a a * a al at aE all - *: ". "|al
ygounds. - a a a a - - a a a a - a a a , - - a * t * *
- a a a a a . - aa a .a ..a. *.. -.. a a a a - * . a .- a a 54
a .. a a - - - a - - a a .. a. a a a. . - . a a a. - a a - - a. -a..-a * a 6 a0|
- - - - * * - a a* - - - * - -* a a a a a a a* a *ar -* aM a* a* a - a a a > *-* a a a :- �* ** ~ *'::"
a a a: - *- - - * < - - -* - - a a a at at a* a* a* a* a* a *1 a ak at ai - a* a: ai a* a e af tt ai a t al l a: 5 I

- t -< - - -t - at am *- at - - a a a a a a a a a a a a af a* t t ft ft ft at a* a: aB af :f *- a a :� at afi~l -: li

*t a 5 - -* - t ft a t a t - **Mf F*W- -t -* a** a* a** a> a* at a* at -* ft a* at a: 5* :* tat af a* af - :ft e tc af: 81r "
- -ft - - ft at *- a at at a a a t - *a - -* * - af af a a a* a a a* - a - af af at t at at at * a* 61* BH P ': .'
a a-m -- a- -a am am am a aa ea aa aa aa a aee a a a , a 0

a a- fa m m * * f :ftaa sat at a a att a e a a a : a a c *- a ta -. a 62

. . . . l. . . �. . _. . ._ .H f .* ft . t .* .* . .* . . . .t .* .f *. f ft .* .* .i ft .k �. .* . :* .*V

APPENDIX A.

Report of the engineer of maintenance....
Organization.... -...--.................-
Lock operation and maintenance - a --

Organization. - -...................-
Concrete laid inm all locks .......--
Lock machinery. ...... .. .. ...
Chain fender sump pumps........

Chain fender machines..-......
Chains for fender machines. -
Lock transformer rooms.... ..
Telephone systems......... a. .
Towing locomotives .. .... ....
Arrow signals. . a.... . -......
Lower guard gates-Gatun - ..
Regulating valves.............
Lock repair shops. .n.a......
Painting of lock gates.. .......
Emergency dams. . ... ......
Locklages.. a ....... .......
TVe * ..f J � *

- a a C a a.. - a afaaa- a a a a a * aa. at t � * C - a - a a
:a a - a a * . ar a . a - a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a* * a a t a
Sa a a a a f - at a: a* a a a. t t a at a a a f a a t a
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a t 5 a - a : a
a fa a a a fa a a a a . a a. aaa a a. r i a a a

* a a a a a a a . a a .. a. a a .... sac a.a .a.a cc . cc a
t at a - at -* a- af af at at at at < a a a a: a a* aK a at - a- a at ai a* a* at a a a e a

* .f .f t ft f ft ft . . .i . iii . .i ik . . t - .i . . -. *r : :r .f ft . ft . . . .r -:.*
a a a a a a a a a a a a a . .a a a a a : a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a -

a a a a a - a a a . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . at Ca a a a ak a a a. C

- a a - a - a a a a a a a a a a S a a a - a a a a a a a a a a a C C C *
at a al at -* a a: at at at at a at aH at a* at aI aI a* a f a� a* a* al a* a aI a* a aN a* af ak a
a at a* a a a a a: a af a a a a* a a* at a a a* a* a af : af a* a af a- ak a a at a f a

. .I . . . . . . . . . A . . . . .

a a. a a a a a a a a a

iA-J

TA*

- a a . a
* . a a a

CONTENTS.

Report of the engineer of maintenance--Continued.

Electric al division........ .. .. .. . . ...
Division office and designing work
Operation of power plante..........
Hydroelectric station. ...... ...
Miraflores steam station........
Empire steam station.... .... .
Balboa steam station....---.
Power output . - -. -....--.....-
POWer output.... ............

Operation of
Operation of
Operation of
Operation of
Operation of
Operation of
Northern and
Armature wi

a' a a
a a a a a a a

* a - - - a a a a a a a a - a a a a .. - a .a .a a * a a a
* a* - a a * a - a a a: a a - a a a a a . . . . . . . . . a . a a
* - a a a a1 - a a aP a a - a a a a a a * (* (* - - a a* a i ai a a a a
-.a..a. a - ...a a..a. a..a..a..a. a. - - a
* a - - a a a. a . a a.. a a a a. a a. a . a . a. a a - a
a - a a 4. - a a. a a a. a - - a a - - a - a. a a a a - a a a

air-compressor plants..................a
substations and transmission lines.....
Balboa cargo-handling cranes..- ......
telephone and telegraph system- -.......--
telegraph and electric clock systems...
railway signal system and accessories..

I southern
ending and

districts...... -.........-
electrical repair shop ..

a a a
a a -

General electrical construction work..aa...a- ...
I
Substations and transmission lines............
Balboa shops...... . - ..- .. . -... -..- .-. ...........
Electrification of Mount Hope dry-dock shops.

Installation of rotary converters. .
New Panama waterworks system -

Relay pumps and pumping
Balboa dock lighting .- -.....
Radio station ....---....a
Berm cranes ---...... .-..--......
Street lighting systems ....

barge

a a a a

* a - - a a a a a a a a a - a a

- a a -a - a a . -. - . -
a a - -a - ..- -- .- a a

a - -- a a -- .a - a a a
- a a a. * a a - - a .- a. a a * -
a -.aa a a aa a a -- a . a
- - a a a a.a -. - - - a a a a a
S- - - a - - - .-.aa -.S
a - a -a a - - -a - a . -

a - a a- a a aa - a -a - a aa a a
- a. - a - a a a .-.-.. a. a a. a a a - a a

* - aa a a a - aa.a. . a.a .a.-- .a a a ..-.- -.a

a.- . - a a- a- -- a a a .

Underground conduit and distribution systems -

Details of construction work. ... -
Details of construction costs ---
Electrical installation work in building

Municipal division......a.... .....
Northern district... ........
Canal work. ...--.----.......-
Concrete reservoir at
Work at oil-handling
City of Colon ...........
Armny work. -...........

Toro Point water supply.
Margarita Island. ........
Southern district... .. . .. .. . . ..-...
Canal work. . .-.- . -..-.......

a a a a a
a a a a .

a a a a-a. -a- a.a

;8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. .

a a a - a- a a - a . . .a a .a - - - a a a a - a
a. -a aa -... -. -.-.- .a.a ..-.-

Gatun - -. --..........-
plant and oil-tank farm,

Mount Hope.

a.-. a aa . - aa a- .a - a - a . a
a - . a. a.aa .-- - a .a -a -- - . a

a a a a a a a a - a a - - - a - a - a a - a a - a - - a a a a a
- a a a - - a a a a a a - a - - - a a a - a a - a a a a a a a a
- a - a - a a a a a a a a - a a a a a a - a a a a a - a a a a

Page.
72
75
76
76
78
79
79
79
79
80
81
81
82
82
83
83
83
83
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
84
85
85
85
86
86
87
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
88
90

"9

TABLE

OF CONTENTS.

Report of the engineer of maintenance-Continued.
Municipal division-Continued.

Southern
Cam

Pan

Ann

Operation
Tabt

Meteorology
Meteorol
Fret
Ten
Win
Atm
Reh
Clot
Eva
Fog
Sea
Tidc
Seis
Tab

Hydrogr
afnn

Sdistrict-Continued.
al work-Continued. .Pag"
Electrical division .- a - , C i t * ***A. . * * a 3
lortifica.ti I d.ivision... - a - *- - - - . a a - - 4
Locks, operation department...-.-..-.*.-. .
M iscellaneous a.........------. *..... .. . aa.. a aa.. ,..-.a 94<
aa City..- -.
- ^i" af~ it a~fs it Sf~ - a ~ r - a - - a -f"1 a - a*i.. a*" a '- a 'a-* ** aa� ^

Concreting B Street a a aa a ..-- a..a,..a .a-.a-. aa. aa a. a4
Curb and gutter at bull ring....... . ... . . .. - . -. . ... ........... 4:
Lork .^ B . .a . a a a . .- 1 * - a a a a a - * *: . B - a a a a - a - a - a - a - a - a a a a.
Fort Amador..f.... I a a a * a ::aaaaaaa*. -

Staff headquartersa. .a. aa..aaa..a-..aa.a.. .a.. ., a a 05
Geni eral ... . - a a a a - - - - - - a . a a -. a a - a a * -:. . . 5
n of water-purification plants .$ ...a a a a - - - a - - - - .,95

Monthly operation data of rapid sand-filter plants.a........... 6
Monthly physical and chemical data............. 9
and hydrography..1.i... a..aa.-.a..aaa...a- ..aaa. a-... a8
ogy a... -a... ---..-aa...-a- ...a a ...aaa ...aaa..aaa ..--... 98
.ipitat0on . ..a a. -.s. .a..-a.aaa. .aaa - a a aaaa cc *a.a . 99
tperature....-a. WI
L~nra oiir aJJ y * -� f 1^ *h-f a-� f� a r - - w ~~ -^ tw ^ at�#cr .*../'''Sf

8. . . . . . .. ..ds. . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .100
ospheric pressure- - a jt a a I1
ative hum idity a ..... -t a - -- -aaa aa a aa a a a a' aaa a a a a . 1 0
Idiness.. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . 0
v^ULT-U- asaaU aaM~ at -ll Jla --5- -aa a a aaa a a ac a ^a *.�aaa et.^* as].O

portionn. a a .. - -rii - - - - - a 101
.101
5 aAa a a-asa -a a t a at, ,, ,aa.aa:a
tempX eratuire - a a .- a a - a- - a a a a * - a a 4 ... * a a . a a: 101
al conditions a..a...a a 101
mology.a.-.a.aa.a.a.ae..a...aaa..a.a...a.a,.a.., ta aaaaaa 10)2
les---
Monthly rainfall on the Isthmus of Panama, 1914-15..... .... 102
Maximum rainfall in Canal Zbne, Oct. 1, 1905, to June 30,
1915.......................... .. .. ... .. ..10
J.I J. . a1n a^f at a ai rri- a'l a a::*M a ss a . t a a -a *aa

Monthly meteorological data, year 1914, Balboa Heights.a - a. 1G4
Monthly meteorological data, year 1914, Culebra.....aaa-aa.. 105
Monthly meteorological data, year 1914, Colon.....a. a at. 106
Monthly evaporations, Canal Zone, years 1914 and 1915.. ... 107
Tidal conditions, 1914, Balboa and Golon.......... .. .. . . . ... 107
Seismograph records, Balboa Heights........ I....... 08

aph~y. W.a a a. ata ac .. ,, as a...aaaa.a. .ew.as.a..a.-... C108
aaaaaaaaaaa a- a a a a -.- 108
Ud:a p n yv CrL - i!f t-v 3LQ *- i *i *: *- - w� * * * i : * - w< *- r :.:*:** � - �:n � it -:*' :| yif : *' ^ :^!!!^
flf K K K^KKKKXX K

OF CONTENTS.

Iteport of the engineer of maintenance--Continued.
Meteorology and hydrography-Continued.
Hydrography--Continued.
Lekages-locks and spillways.........
Miscellaneous. ........ . ..... .. .... ...

Page.
112

Tables-

Hydrology of Gatun Lake watershed, 1914... ...-
Hydrology of Gatun Lake watershed, dry season,

* - 1915
1915

* a - *O a -

Hydrology of Miraflores Lake wtershed,

1914 .. . .

Hydrology of Miraflores Lake watershed, dry season, 1915.

Hydrology of Chagres,

1914. ........ ....

Hydrology of Chagres, dry season

1915.

* a a a. .. . - - a
* -..a.aa.a-.- -

* a a a a - - - a
* a ..aa - - * *

Monthly discharge Chagres River, 1914- -.......--. -.....
Principal freshets, 1914 and dry season, 1915 ..... ..

Monthly maximum, minimum,

Lake

and mean elevations,

, Miraflores Lake, and Chagres River,

Gatun

1914.

Su rveys..........- - -
Office engineer....

APPENDIX

Report of the engineer of terminal construction -..
Organization ......... ......-.........-........--
Design and office engineering...--..............
Coaling plants, dry docks, floating cranes,
Coaling plants..........a..-..a...-

- - - -a - - a a- - a a.a-.a - .
..- . - . a .-- -- - - a.-a.aa a a . -

and radio stations..

a - a* - - -

Item 4-Stocking and reclaiming bridges.
Item 9-Reloaders..........a a---...-aa..

Item 12a-Conveying systems and power

substations.

- a - a a

Dry Dock No. 1..
Dry Dock No. 2..
Radio stations...
Floating cranes..

ar a - -*
a a - - -.

a - . ft -

a - a - a - - a - a a - - a - - a . - a - - - a a - - a . a a a a a a a - -
- a - a - - - a a a a a. - - a - a a a a - - - a a a a a - - - a a - - - a.-
a a a a a - a- *a - a -. a a... . .. .. a a --...
- - - - a a . - - a a a . - a - - a a - - - - a a a. a .. a. a -.. a -.

Balboa docks and pier - - ..-.......-.....-..-...- ..-........-..........
Shop buildings ...................................... ........
Colliers...... ............ ............ ......... .. ..............

Boiler roomT.............. ................... ...............

Engine room..-..
Manifold.- a.a.-

- a - a- a a a.aa - - - aa a. a a -a -. - a a a aa -a

Oil docks and pipe lines.
Tank farms. ... .......

Construction work, field engineering, and inspection... -

'Dnn4i4 n +n.rnt nn 1 ~.

'PAtiLE

TABLE

OF CONTENTS.

Report of the engineer of terminal const
"Construction work, field engineering
Pacific terminals-Continued.
Dock No. 9-Entrance pier.
Commercial and repair wha
Dock No. 13 a...... - ....
D)ock No. 14...... . . . .
Docks Nos. 15 and 16..
Docks Nos. 17 and, 9..
Pier No. 18.... .... .
Dock No. 2-Fuel-oil c:
Dock No. 1-Quarantin

Balboa shops-...... -........
Roofing ..... ..........----
Planing mill exhaust sN
Steel rolling doors . . .
Movable metal louvers.
Shop yards ....-..... . ..
Operation of Sosa Hill quar
Ancon quarry. ...........----
Sand service. . . ---..........
Reclamation of land. ......
Naos Island breakwater.. .
Steel erection. ...........
General. ......-..........--
Tables-
Material excavated...
Filling and embankme
Summary of concrete w
Distribution of concrete'
Tracks laid and remove
Drilling... -....---... .-...
Explosives used .... .
Piles driven...... ......
Steam shovel excavation
Performance of steam s
Reinforcing and fixed s
Fixed steel used. .....
Reinforcing steel used.
Structural steel used. .
Caisson operations. - ...a
Trestle built.. . .... ..
Work done at Ancon qi

ttM . * .Ls1 .1 ai. fl,,r, IT*-..n , 1

ruction-
;, and ins

* . -a a -* a

-Continued.
pection-Continued.

. .. . .. .a .. . . * a. a .m

*mtt jjs m * jjj. ******j*ijjjj

rves-. -..... . -. -. ......... . ....-.. . . . .--.--- . 150
r..e.................... ..... . ..... . 150
a - - - - a a - - - - a - W a . f . - *. - . . . . . . . . . .-150

- - - .ft - - - . - . - ft: . i. ... .. . . .l . . 151

. .... ..... .-. .-.. .- - . .. . . .a a - a - - . a - . . . . . . . 15a1
rib ' "".. -- . - .. - - a -. * . . - .. 3 151
e boat landing. ...- -- ......-- - . .-. :152

* a - ii - IU *'> *� - - at a.f - a� a af a i a"^i a -" a a- - -� -' a ai al - af~~bl a:^: a l:pi5|3^:l
ry fr.estbeak..wae..- ........s,,. 153

B - -f -t at - a a a a - - -* -! *W f - -* -*' -* - a'1 al atW 4 < * a a* a* a* a all a * * *' 154tflhd .*'':"^^:'*::''
. ...- - - - - . . . - - - - - - - . a . - -- a S . - - * . .1K53
S * - - - - - a * * * * ' .a - * - .- - - - - * . . ? . . 156
nt vrorlc - a - S * * * - . .- . . . . * . . . - . . . . . 153
rore r e bre--w ate - - a a.*.s a....... 153
.. . .... . . .. . . .. . . ..... 154 ~c ^K K K KKK KKKK
.. . . . .. . ..tr. . . .. . . . 154Q 1 v �l*'XQ^JVT.l^- ...il!i

Splaced a - . - . . .. - * . a :. . . . . 155
a aa- .. ....-..... * -... - a a - - -. 162

- a a a a - a a a a - . - . . . *- *- a - - , - a . 182
k a a a a a la a a t- - 5'r a *� a ** -* - a - - * - a - a -> - * a� a ,t a� a� 102~K.

e a a * a a * a ced - . a a a a - - - - a - a * adfc.al. 102

d1. .. .,.,.... .. as a a a a - a - .4* 54 a -. .a. 142
1 i e . .- . - . . a - - a - a a a a a a a ( . . a a . 183|
St e . . se - * * 5 * - * . .* -. . . * . * - - - - - - . * - 5 1.63
aa.a.t sass nasa a - - - '* - aaa at** 164

an a. . s.. . .- a sat a ta a - a - a news .... a a *, . 165
a.. a . . a -. a a * a a . . .- - - a - a * - * * * a , , a * 105
....placed-.............,-- ....,^.... 180

a. . . . a - . . . - . < . . - .- a - - - - - - - - . - n a n|nnj
1 U11T3 a. . . . W . 1 * - - a a . .a --�- - -r |tt - aa a . sta 108
. m n - . . . I S. - A - - A . . . - - - - - - - - - - A -- s0
uarmry�c ...... . . ... . A-.-. .-..
AjJVv A �w r ~ * - : .**�#- � < -< �>* >� ^yHN :|y
* * * * : * * :
^ i.frfi '^'*^'
SyBGA~~~~~~~~~~~ NUel.*.* ** .�- . ,. * � , � �-0 il:
KK KK K

nt w or 15 � .,��^��***h��w**- *^"- ~I * :: :*:|
*or don 1 -' "" " 1-' *^ "1-^Aiw^|^
plc d160. ^**". .
11 � �x ,,f ,, �*'**
16wL " * '' * "*--**"' " "*1 1*' '1" ^w r * : Kr
^Jp K KK^
*'--':. ' : :
^*/��l�nyn"<'�^SSS ! * 2J'

TABLE

OF CONTENTS.

Report of the engineer of terminal construction-Continued.
Construction work, field engineering, and inspection--Continued.
Atlantic termnials-Continued.
Cristobal coaling plant-Continued.
Miscellaneous. ...... .. . ... ... . . . .. ... ...-.. ...... .-. -.....
Tables-
Concrete used . . . - - . . . . - ..-.- - . .... . .- . . .. ... . . .. ..
Tracks laid..... . .. . . .a .a.... ..... . . - . . .. .. .. .. ... . . .....
ies & driven. .... . ... . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .. .. . .

Reinforcing iron used ........-.. -..a. ... . . .-... . ... . .... ..
Fixed iron used. ..... .- .- .- . . .... .... .. .... .... ..........
Back fill placed .. .........---........................ ......

Progress of cylinders.......
Excavation. -.-......-.......

a-

Summary of erection of wharfi
East breakwater.............. . . .
Salvaging material...........
Pile drivers... ..............
Cost of "Northers"...........
Equipment lost in norther...
Dry fill..... .....-.....-......-
Wet fill. ..aaa....--....--.
Sawmills a .............a-
Miscellaneous- -................------
Pier No. 7-Cristobal ........

Sdecking steel

- - - a a a a a a - . a a a a a a a - - - a *
- - -* i -- Sr a a a a a ah a a ai a- -* a a a a a* * a, a
a a - -* - -k a - *I - -R at al -l a a a a a a a a a - .a
*- - - a a a*1 a** a a - - a - a a a a 1 a a - a*k - - -a

If
a
. a

- - - --.- - aa a a a a- a ..a.aa .a. a

-.- . - ..-a a ..aa a a .a.aa aa -- a . - ..5

Page.

AtO*
169

169
170
170
170
171
171
171
172
172
172
174
174
174
174
174
175
175
175
176

APPENDIX

Report of the resident engineer, dredging
Division organization . .............
Dredging.......... ... . . -.. - .. -.-. .-..
Tables-
Output of all dredges with toi

Yardage removed, first district,.
Yardage removed, first district (4
to Gamboa Dike..-- ......- .....--
Yardage removed, second district
Dredges retired for repairs and r4
Subaqueous rock excavation ...... ..
First district, Gamboa Dike to P
Rock removed by dredges..
Second district...........-..- ...
Dredging operations.... .- . - . .. .-...

division -
a a . a - a - - -

** -* a a aM a J - af a: - a a a B a aB - a* a
- a a..a..a.aa.aa aa a a. a
- - - - - a a a a s a a a a S S * a a

tal and unit costs.

Pedro Miguel Locks to sea.- -......
Gaillard Cut), Pedro Miguel Locks

* * a a - a -
t . *. a a. a
renewals

a aaI a
a.aa . -
*ft -- a

'anama Bay....

. - - a< -

. . a a a
a a.a a
. a a a a

a - a aa.a..a.aa a -.
- - - -a.55a a. a.-a a.
* a. a..a a a aa a. a..a.
- - -. -..a. a a..a..a
a.a..a..a. - a a a a
* a. - a a a a a a a- a ..-
-.a..a..a.aa.aa.a. a. a
a - - a a - a a a a a a a a a a a

First district.......-. a. - -*..... . . . . . .... .. a... . ...... .....

. . . . . . .

TAiLE

Report of the resident enginee
ailry reports on slidet...
M.idi dikes.. .-.... ....
Water hyacinths..........
Survey~s..... ............
O i e. . * .. - - .. -.
Of ic./.Ili . - aa3 a 1 B-*1Wt a a �- - . fa * a-

Report of the superintendent,
Organization............ .-
Balboa shops............
Cristobal dry-dock shops.�
Paraiso shop s.. .---. --... . . .-.
Cristobal roundhouse.....
Hosting -. * - a.......-a-
Car-inspection service.... - - -
Floating derricks..... .-. . .
Fuel-oil handling plants..
General ea-aa..-.....--.
Tables-

*

r

, dredging dvMsion-Continued.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ....... . .
a* - ** -'*"-* -"*** a* -** **-* - a a - a -: . ,- - - - "- . a: :

APPENDIX ID.
mechanical dvio -...,a. . . - a a,,,a|i|a 19
* a, .- - - - - a f a* ..... a aa --. ...a ,,,. J. 191
. - - - - I.. r n as nn .... . .. ... 192
U..... .. . . ... . ULL 3 U.U . *t.~~t w ��w ww w- w w .J iid| .. . .I.... . ..pi:|... * 3

- - . - - - - - - - - - - - f - * f . . - - . B . - - . -. - - . - - . - . . . - - . . 19 6

.... .-- --. .... -.. ... ... .... ... --- -..197
- - - . . . . . . .a. - -- - - . - - - .a. a a a a a a a . . . .- a - a a a a a a a � . 198
- a - <- - - - > - - - -a - <- a a- a � - * a a a i a a - -. - at - *ri i tefH - .A - i - aJfi . a: - a 19

a. . .. . . a - . . - - a a . - a... .. a. a a - -a *- - -- -S 199
S- - - a * a * a * * a a M- - a a - a - -I - - - a : 199

of mechanical division

of charges and overtime work performed......----
Abstract of expenditures of mechanical division
distribution of charges and overtime work perf
Abstract of expenditures, mechanical division,
showing distribution of charges and overtime v
Abstract of expenditures, mechanical division
shops only, showing distribution of charges
performed..aaa- . aaaaaa..-a.aa a a.a.aa-a a
Abstract of expenditures, mechanical division, f
showing distribution of charges and overtime
Abstract of expenditures, mechanical division,
house only, showing distribution of charges
performed............. .....................
Abstract of expenditures, mechanical division

showing distribution

shops only, showing
ormed.... ...... ....
Balboa shops only,
ork performed......
, Cristobal dry-dock
and overtime work

)r Paraiso shops only,
work performed......
for Cristobal round-
and overtime work
, for fuel-oil plants,
, for fuel-oil plants,

Balboa and Mount Hope, showing cost of operation, quantities of
oil handled, and unit cost.i... .a-- .-.--..a-aa--a. a -.aa- a....
Abstract of expenditures, mechanical division, for operation of
foundry, Balboa shops. . . . .... .. . . . . ... .. .... . . -. . . ...-. -
Number of repairs to locomotives during fiscal year ...........
Repairs made during fiscal year to equipment other than locomotives
and ars... aa. . ..,. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . . . . .. . .
Number of shop and field repairs made to different classes of cars during

208

209

210
212

212

r

Abstract of expenditures

CONTENTS.

TABtL

Report ot the maine stiperintendent-Continued,.
jCet o of force .

Dissemnination of information of use to shipping..........................
Navrigatiori of the ccanal--S1i~des. .aaaaaaa - -----
Na �v agclonUU of L~ theA~l~ ......... ..........� �. .�............* �.. _... .

iag6:

Pontoon bridge......-....- .........
Aids to navigation.................
Signal stations and communications

Mooning stations............
R AlO. - - ...... .. ...... .....
Floating equipment......
Measurement of vessels and
Adjustment of claims ....
Agencies....-....-..........
Trade routes-revenues - ...
Number of vessels and t

** - a a <
* a ak a at a
* S a- a

* . . S a a -a- - a a a a

application of

a.a. -.aa aa a a

** a* a* -* a* a a a a a -r a* a - - - ' a ar a* a* i *- a - a< a* a

* - - ' - a* a a - - - a* a* a* a af - -- - a ak a ai - a' a - -r -

.- .. a a - S - - * * * - a - S - . - . * . a - - - - a a

toll-s - a. aa . a A .. a. a a. - a a | a a a� - - a

- - a - a a a a a - a - S M - a a . a a a a a a a a . .

rend of traffic through canal - - ................. -
rend of traffic through canal- -�.......

Appendix 1-Report of board of admeasurers . . .. -

a a a

a a

Appendix 2-Report of chairman, board of local inspectors...

Appendix 3-Analysis of
Summary of number
cargo handled - ...
Traffic routes .......
Barge traffic......
Commodities ......
Nationality of vessel,
Summary of traffic t

'17 11 a/LL a a** - a* a- s - a- a a- a a a * a a- a-*i - a - - a a a a a an a a -
Compared with railway traffic. ...........
Distribution of traffic through the canal...

a a - a a - - a a a . a
a a aa - a.aa a

trade routes ....... .................. ....- ......
of vessels passing through the canal and tons of
a S . a a a a a a a a a - - a a a a - a - a - S - a a a - a a a a a . a . . a a -.a aa
a a. a a - a a - a a. a. -. a - a a a a. a - a a a a a a a a - a a a. a . a a - .

to commerce...

a a - - a a a a a a a a a a

a a a a a a a a a - -

APPENDIX F.

Report of the chief quartermaster,

supply department.

Orgaaization.... ..... ...... ..... ...... .......... .... ... ... ...... ..
P ersonnelaa ea aaa..aa.a aa..a aa.a..aaa.a..aa..- ...
L labor a..a .a.a.a...a.a.a...a.a..... - a a a - aa. a. . . -.... a.aaa.a aa.aa a a.....-aaa aa a

QUarters .................................................... ..........
Zone sa tation.. - - --.....-..... ...-.....................---.... . ......... ......
4 Jorra s a. . . . ....a - ....a. .- a...- - a a a. a a * - aaaa.. - - ... a a a a a a . a a a a . - a a a - a a a

Material and supplies
Operation of stores ...
Scrap -..............
uSales a . a. .. . . . - . . . .
Subsistence.. a.a...--

a a
* a
a.

Mount Hope printing plant

a a- a* a* a a* a a * - a - a a a a- a a aH af - a - S a - a a ah a- -- a a a a a a a a a a* - a* S- S

* S a a a* a a - a a* a- a a a a� a al af a a. a - aB a - S a a a a at - a - a a a a* a a* a a a *a a
a a-aa aa-a aaaa n s e o m m s oa a *a aa aa aa a- a a 5 a a -

* a a a a a a a

a 5 5 a
a a S S a

-*i a - - 5 a a an a* a af ak a - a a * a a a a a a* a a a a

.4-' jt $1 If

s passing through the canal. -.....
trough the canal since its opening

00r 'T'E^I'S

TABLE

OF CONTENTS.

r

Report of the chief quartermaster, supply department-Continued
Tables--Continued.

Value of
tions.-
Freight s
Important
1904 to
Value of
for the
Houses, s
quarter
Typewrit
mach in
Operation
Summary
Summary

material received during the fiscal year 1914-15 on requisi-
. . . ... . . . . . . .. .. . . ... . . .. ....'....... *" ^ * ***
statement fiscal year 1914-15 2
.t items of material purchased from inception of canal work
June 30, 1915 . . . , 24
stock on hand at storehouses June 30, 1915, and total iswu
year for all storehouses.: - a - C * * - . . - . *. 25
Apartments, and occupants, by districts, of gold and silver
s, June 30, 191Sif . ..Saaaa..haaaa -.. . a * . a a - , - 2

eas... .fra. a ClC, sto*-ahoie.a-.-.-..a...-......a...a.-aa. * as 4 258
eraturned m to mnvufacturers n part payment of new l

of Hotel Tivoli 256
- of oyrations of line hotels C 2
-of operations, laborers' messes.... . 5 Ca. CCC 257

APPENDIX G.
ent engineer, building division.................. ...... 8 2;

Orgainization.......................-.......... ........... ......
Buildings authorized...... .................. .... ........... ....
First appropriation. ...........-...... ...... ...... ..........
Fort Amador, Coast Artillery.... .........-.. .............
Mobile Army, Las Cascadas, Empire, and OCulebra-.... ..
atun................. .......................... .......
Second approp riation. .---a..-.-. aaS.......-... ..........
Coast Artillery, Fort Amador ..... .....a* a .... .... .*
Naos Island. ....... * .. ... ..... . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Toro Point, Fort Sherman ---.. . ---- a.-...--a-a....
arganita Island.. -................... -...... .-......-.....
Corozal, Mobile Army. a.a. a . a .- .-....*aa.... -..
General building operations................ - . ---............ . ......
Comparative data on costs for various types of buildings... -...-
Estimate and cost of diversified pieces of construction work..
Size, number, and unit cost of hollow concrete blocks manufa

Permanent hospital bu ildin ... .
Principal canal structures completed and
year...... C . C....C . .... a a C .... a - C .. a .
Force. . *. ... . .. .. . ... .. . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . .

r C * a S - C C
aft a ft ftf t* C

Wa. CSCCt f j ClC

-----a- ,
af a S . a
a. a * a aa - C
hctured..

e* - r aaast rc t - * C C C - a d a a ai. fi
under construction during fiscal

a
.

*: a ar - - *- i- ia - S* CI: * C �( C

259
259S

268
260
261
261

261
281

261
261
261

281

262
208

284
265
26

APPENDIX H.

Report of the auditor ..-....a.....a...aa.....C
rganization..... .... .................... ......
LjjJ - . fl

.CC,. ..� * ft*ft �:� t

Report of the resi

2t8

TABEI

CONTENTS.

IIfl

APPENDIX I

Report of the chief health
Letter of stranmisal.
General remarks.aa
Vital statistics.......

Health
Health
Health
Health
Division of
Anonn

of employees.
of residents of
of residents of
of residents of

hospitals......
knonitai

oiUcer . . . . - - .i. t t a . . - - - . * * * * . .. . . . . ..�. a ..
* a a . a a a a a-a . - a - i- . a a a a - - a a a a a a a - a a aa - a a a - a a -
*> a> a a a a a a a - -* a, a� * a , a a a a, a - a a a a - a
�* a � a a a a * a a a, -., �� a * a a ' a - - a a a - - - - a �-- - a aa a a

the Canal Zone... ....
the City of Panama...
the City of Colon..... -
a. a a a a a a a a a a a a a a * a a a a

a a,.*J *a1fhjJS vtfl* aAV I^ U- a* ** -* : �** * a. - �
Board of health laboratory...
Insane department.........
Chronic ward ..- a ..-aa... a...
Colon hospital.. . ...... .... .....
Palo Seco-leper asylum. ........

Santo Tomas hospit
District dispensarie:
Medical storehouse.
Sanitation ...... ......
Canal Zone...
Panama.----- .---
Colon.. .. .--....
Quarantine division. ..
Panama and Colon.
Statistical tables (for ind

a a r a a a a .a a - a a - a a - a a a - a a

a a a a a a a - - - a a a

* - - a a a - - - - a a a - a a.... .. a
- a a a a a a - - a a a - - a a a . .a * a
* a a a a a a a - a a a a a a aa a a

* - a - a a a-* - - a * a a a * -* - - - a a a a a a a , a. a - -a

- a - a . . . . * - a - - C C - - a a - a a a a . - . a - .a
-- - aa- - -- - a a a -- - a a-- - - a a - a
a a - a a a - a - a - a - a a a - a a - a a a - - - a a a - a a

Sa a a a- -- a- a--- a- - - a a - -

4.a a a a a - - a - - - - - a - a a

- a - a a - - a - - a - a a .a a a a - - a a a

- - - a a a a a - a a - a a a a - a a - - - - - a a a a a

- -. - a a a a - - - . a a - a a a - a - a

lex see p. 396).

- a a - a a a a a - a a a a a - a - a a a a a a

a a a a a a - a - a a a a a a a - a a - a
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a

Page.
379
379
379

380
380
381
381
382
382
382
382
384
384
384
385
385
385
385
385
385
386
392
395
395
396

APPENDIX J.

Report of the executive secretary

a a .a a a - --a

Organization......................
Executive office... ...... .- . .-.-. ... . . .........
Correspondence bureau... .. ..- - ........
Personnel bureau. a.-.......a--.........
Record bureau. -.. - -. a --....... a ......
Time-keeping bureau --....- .................
Property and requisition bureau.........
Bureau of clubs and playgrounds...........
General bureau - a--..... -. a ........a.
Division of civil affairs....- ... . . ...- ....... . . . .
Changes of organization... .. .. -.. --...... ..
Customs bureau... -. a. aa. .a. i .......a
Licenses and taxes... .... . ...............
Administration of estates a.a-a- .....a..
Postal service..... aa-aaa................ a

* -- aa aa aa a aaaaaaaa

a aa * * a a a * *- aa * a a - C a -S W
a - a- a .a aa a a aa a a a aa a

a a a - - a - a a a a a a a a a tt a a ai a a a
-** a- a a - a - --- a k a a a f a a a a jf -- a a a_ a -

a a a aa a- aa maa e a a a a a

TABLE

OF CONTENTS.

APPENDIX

Page.

Report of the special attorney
Organzation-a
Revision of the laws......
Land matters. a-..-.-.a..

* *- -- e * - a ** - i �: �a - - - - at**: * AMw atr -- -H :*.

Civil cases affecting the Panama Canal and the Panama

... ...."--" 455

Railroad Com-

pany...... .. ..... . ...+... .... ..x .
Panama Railroad Company cases settled during the fiscal year..

APPENDIX L.

Report of the district attorney.
Tables---

Criminal prosecutions.

-.av

.m. .

. . . a - a - - - - - a - * - . - - - a a *. -- a a a.

- , -

Disposition of criminal cases..
Appealed cases from magistrates'

a - a- - *- - a-* - ** a - - -* -: -* w - , *> - - -: ,* , * ,* *
** a* -* - -* - - . a a a a - a* a* -* k� * ai .1a - ah .1 -* a1 �**

courts..

V
*..... 6
.. .. 7

.....< 4469

* 4 7 - f , �Jfwj |
a i -*t i- r * * '* 'l^l ::: :::' "-:""::: Ill"
* t� a> a* , 14:*'6i9^' : :'.**:.
a, 9 - 4t0w ^~irS. *.^' :::

APPENDIX M.

Report of general purchasing officer and chief of the Washington office.
Organization. . - - - . . . . . . . - - . . . . - - - * - - - - - *

..4T
4Th

Appointments and general correspondence .. .-.........
Claim statement - --.....-- ...... --.---......- ....a.
Financial statement of receipts and disbursements- ----.......
Purchasing department . -.............................

General statements. - . .-. ..-... .-........ .......-. ...
Detailed statement of methods.. .................

-* :-- - - -.. - a a - a a a - at-
- ft a * a f a t * :
:- ai a- a- a. ak - ah ,* - ui a. ** *- -

472
472
472
. 472

Summary of purchases through the Washington office..., --....-.......
Summary of orders placed through the Washington office...........

APPENDIX N.

Tables showing increases in salaries and personnel..
Department of operation and maintenance...

Health department........- .. ..
Accounting department. ....
Supply department...........
Executive department.... . . .
Washington office. .... ....-.

- - W - - * - * *- -> -: -> -: a ft , ft :f a* a :* a . * t - ^ * :* :l-*.- : - *
.. . .a . a - .a S* - - - - ft fa - a * a - aa- a

- a a a a - - - - - a a. ... ... - -a aaa aaa aaa aaC V.
* . a. a ft a ft a- w *> - a N i * a - a* aI a1 aR a* S* -i *-- a: a -aa* - a- - � a a * * * -i- - f

- a a a a a a a a a - S C at at - �* a S* * *�1- *. -*t: * :a * S. :S *t :* S

APPENDIX

Acts of Congress affecting The Panama Canal and Executivre orders relating to
.-the Canal Zone (for index, see p. 491). .. .- . .. - - ---........................

484

487 ... .

481
489

491

APPENDIX PI

Summary of criminal prosecutions for the fiscal years 1918-1915.

^ ' -s''-
/3.. /:|^
. ^
'^
I
*<**
'/3
" /< :.

*' r1]
*< . :ii
'^/M'l
*i^'

LIST

OF

ILLUSTRATIONS.

APPENDI

(Report of engineer of maintenance.]

Plast.

Gatun Locks.

Control house

, third floor,

showing

control

board.

March

1915.

Gatun Locks
Gatun Locki
watered.
Gatun Locks

Lock entrance caisson at lower west chamber.

3: Looking north from control house, showing west chambers un-
July, 1915.

3.

Ohio in middle east chamber, looking north, showing

lower locks and Atlantic entrance.

July 15, 1915.

Gatun Locks.

1915.

Gatun Locks.

Ohio in upper east chamber, looking south.

s. s.

July

Wisconsin in upper east chamber, being raised to lake

level.

July 15, 1915.

Gatun Locks.
Gatun Lake.

Wisconsin

July 15,

leaving upper east chamber and

entering

1915.

8. Pedro Miguel Locks.

General view from Cerro Luisa, looking southwest.

March

1915.

9, Pedro Miguel Locks.

Bird's-eye view of north approach wall,

awaiting passage through the Cut.

March 9

showing vessels

1915.

10. Pedro Miguel Locks.

Vessel in east chamber going north and one in west chainm-

ber going south.

Pedro Miguel Locks.

View from control house.

Chain fender machine

June, 1915.
, upper sheaves and chains.

North

east side.

March 5

1915.

12. Miraflores Locks.

Argentine naval training ship Presidente Sarmiento in upper

east chamber, looking north from control house.

13. Miraflores Locks.

chambers.

July 16,

14. Miraflores upper

locks.

S. s.
1915.

Lock

Missouri (left) and U

entrance caisson in

Ohio (right) in upper

place at north

of east

chamber

. Downstream or low-water side.

April 12,

1915.

15. Miraflores upper

locks.

Lock

entrance caisson in

place at north

chamber.

Upstream or high-water side;

also showing chain fender in place.

April 12, 1915.
16. Mfiralores upper locks.

chamber.
12, 1915.

Lock

entrance caisson in

place at north

End view, showing water of Miraflores Lake held in check.

of east
April

Naos Island Breakwater.

Looking south from Sosa Hill.

June 7

1915.

18. Hvdrnoelectric station

Glntin

View frnm woat snde shnwino' oa.tfhnisp arnd entf.

1.

LIST

OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Plate.

Balboa Heights.

View from top of administration building showing asphaltic

concrete roads and parking.

June

1915.

26. Night view of Balboa Prado and administration building, Balboa H
1915.

Balboa Heights.

Asphaltic concrete upper highway

Miraflores water-purification
building and pump station.

plant.

General view

, looking north.
looking south

June, 1915.

toward

filter

April 12, 1915.

29. Miraflores

73. Average number of vessels per day.
74. Tons of cargo.
75. Diagram showing quantity of water used for lockages and hydroelectric s

water-purification

mentation basin

plant,

and head house.

30. Miraflores water-purification plant.

house.

May 17

showing
May 17,

filter
1915.

building,

Sedimentation basin

laboratiaB

,looking tows

1915.

Miraflores water-purification plant.

tory office.

May 17

Main operating floor, looking towar

1915.

ry, ei

ard hald
dU labora

station ;
"L N"T �i*S !
'm,, K,, , *
JM K KKKKKKK
*~~~~ ~ J.�::: :: N:*
lf*J'. W :CW~f: *^- :::*:*:::* :
Nf~M -;i^
,, KK KKKK KKKKK

76. HIlydrograph at Pedro Miguel Out, March 16 to 17

1915.

77. Diagram showing comparison between rainfall, Gatun Lake level, lockages,
Sand wasted water.
78. General map of Ancon-Balboa district, showing roads constructed during
year.
79. Wind roses, calendar year 1914.
80. Wind roses, year 1915, dry season only.

Gatun Lake watershed.

Yields, storage and loses mass curves.

Calendar

7S1

1914 and dry season 1915.
Ohagres River drainage basin, Alhajuela average monthly discharges.

Gatun Lake watershed.
1915.

Total yield for Gatun Lake, year 1914 and dry..e

84. Miraflores

Locks.

Current observations

taken at west

lower

operating ga

May 31

1915.

85. Study of Gatun Lake heights, dry season 1915, January.
86. Study of Gatun Lake heights, dry season 1915, February
features.

showing contribittg

Study

of Gatun Lake

heights,

dry season 1915,

March,

showing contribatg

features.

88. Study

of Gatun Lake

heights,

season

1915,

April,

showing contributing

features.

(hagres River drainage basin.

Ratio curves.

Alhajuela mass curves of discharge.

Rise at Gamboa as percentage of rise at Vigia.

Chagree River drainage basin.

Curves of discharge duration.

Tweuty-*he ywa

unrind 1T09-1914. inclusive. Alhainela.

Following plates, 73 to 9S,

in portfolio.

useful

LIST OF

Ctrist.bal coaling station.
34t Oristobal coaling station.,

ILLUSTRATIONS.

XVII

Caisson setting for reloader wharf, showing

derrick

barge in use for assembling and setting shells.

Cristobal coaling station.

August 6, 1914.

View looking north or east side of coal storage, showing

bridges, first unloader towers and condition of viaduct.

OriAto iM coaling station.

March 11, 1915.

Looking south from the north end of reloader wharf.

June 12, 1915.
37. Balboa terminals.
12, 1915.
38. Balboa terminals.

Dry dock No.

Miter gate anchorages, north wall.

May

General view from coal cranes, looking north and west, show-

ing entrance to dry dock No. 1.

39. Balboa

terminals.

Dry dock

June 5, 1915.
1. Looking west from

Hill,

showing

entrance basin and cofferdam.

June 10, 1915.

40. Balboa

terminals.

Dry dock No. 1.

Construction

of north gate,

placing top

girder.

June 23

1915.

Balboa terminals.

Dry dock No. 1.

Looking toward entrance gates.

June 30,

1915.

42. Balboa terminals.
coaling station.
43. Balboa terminals.

Berm

crane supports, viaduct posts, and retaining wall at

June 5, 1915.
General view from Sosa Hill, looking north.

Dredging in

slip No. 2.

June

1915.

Pinning jib on crane Ajax in middle chamber of Gatun Locks.

October 9, 1914.

45. Floating crane Ajax removing smaller portion of wrecked drill barge Teredo at

cable crossing, Gaillard Cut.

46. Wrecked jib of crane Ajax.
47. Floating crane Hercules.

November 17

1914.

. December 8, 1914.
Trial of 300-ton load on deck

,250 tons suspended at

rated reach.

Floating
side.

crane

March 19, 1915.
Hercules transferring equipment across Gatun Locks from east

Steam shovel suspended in air.

April 10,

1915.

Pacific terminals.

Following plates,
General plan.

93 to 116

, in portfolio.

94. Naos Island Breakwater.

General plan and typical cross section.

Pacific terminals.

Dry Dock No. 1, Balboa.

General plan and sections.

96. Pacific

terminals.

Dock

1, Balboa.

Pumping

plant and

operating

valves.

General arrangement.

97. Pacific terminals.
98. Pacific terminals.

Dry Dock No.
Dry Dock No.

1, Balboa.
1. Balboa.

Stresses in side walls.

Mitering dock gate.

General plan

of one leaf 56 feet high.

Pacific terminals.

Dock No.

1, Balboa.

Plan and sections showing con-

create mixing and handling plant.

100. Pacific terminals.
plant.

Dry Dock No.

Balboa.

Entrance pier,

concrete-mixing

-. n. -n I - 1. n- -. nT-T -1 I.i **. a

*

-9 f\ -9 -�-�

XVIII

LIST

OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Plate. -

Pacific teninals.

108. Pacific terminals.
109. Pacific terminals.
110. Pacific terminals.
111. Oristobal terminal
112. Pier No. 7. Cristo

Oil-fuel storage.

Typical sections of docks and piers.
Typical sections of docks and piers,
Typical sections of docks and piers.

Pier No.

docks, piers and mole.

bal.

Sheet No. 1.
Shaet No. 2.

Sheet No. 3.
Geuemal layout.

General plan.

Typical section.

Typical plan and e

At

V
A
aon
~

levat

of oil-handling plants.

Oil-fuel storage.
Oil-fuel storage.
Oil-fuel storage.

Pacific terminals.
Atlantic terminals.
Pacific terminals.

Location plan of tank lots.
General plan.
General plan.

ion

N0

APPENDIX

[Report of resident engineer, dredging division.]

June

1915.

50. Rock dikes.

Limon Bay, Dikes Nos. 1,2, and 3, and wooden groins, at high tide.

June, 1915.
Obispo diversion ditches.
Gaillard Cut at Bas Obispo.

Outlet of ditch

" A."

opposite Empire.

J

Iune, 1915.
june 14,

1915.

Gaillard Ci
center.
Gaillard Ci
Looking

Looking north from Contractors Hill

Oulebra slide east, right

June, 1915.
it. Sailing ship in tow passing slide on east bank north of Gold Hi.L
north. January 24, 1915.

U.S.

S. Ohio passing Cucaracha slide.

S. S. Ohio passing Gucaracha slide.

Looking east.
July 16, 1915.

July 16, 1915.

Water hyacinths in full bloom, 8 weeks old.

58. Water hyacinths.
June, 1915.
59. Water hyacinths.
60. Water hyacinths.
61. Water hyacinths.
62. Water hyacinth.

A single plant 8 weeks after it appeared above the water.

Removing young plants from the Obispo River.
Plants eight weeks old near the mouth of the Obiapo Riv
Plants four weeks old near the mouth of the Obispo River.

63. Gamboa gravel dock.
64. Chagree River gravel

Unloading cranes and storage bins.
beds. Pipe line dredge in opera

Junq, 1915.
tion four miles above

Gamboa.

June, 1915.

Chagres River gravel beds.

Washing and screening plant in operation.

From

left to right, barges being loaded with sand, No. 1 gravel, and No. 2 grav
June, 1915.
Following plates, 117 and 118, in portfolio.

__ n-_ . . wr *r w fl l *n 1 .fl t~l

18 and pier shed, Balboa.

Atlantic and Pacific terminals.

Plate.

Rock dikes.

Limon Bay, Dike No. 1.

Looking south from east bank of canal.

U'" I

LIST OF

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Plate.

66. Administration
from Sosa Hill

APPENDIX G.
[Report of resident engineer, building division.]

building, Balboa Heights, under erection.

March 14, 1914.

Looking northwest

Prado,

Balboa,

and administration

northwest from Sosa Hill.

June, 1915.

68. Administration building, Balboa Heights.

69, Administration building,
1915.

Balboa Heights.

building,. B

Rear view.

alboa Heights.

Looking

June, 1915.

Terrace and concrete flagpole.

May,

Balboa fire station.

71. Panama Railroad Station

at Balboa.

June, 1915.

The commissary (left) and dispensary (right) at'Balboa.

June, 1915.

Plate 119 in portfolio.

New Ancon Hospital.

General layout.

APPENDIX P.
(Charts showing organization of The Panama Canal and the Panama Railroad Company, July 1, 1915.]

Plate. .
120. General organization.

All plates in portfolio.

121. Department of operation and maintenance.
122. Electrical division.
123. Division of municipal engineering.
124. Division of terminal construction.

125. Dredging division.
126. Meclianical division.

127. Marine division.
128. Supply department.
129. Building division.
130. Accounting department.
131. Health department.
132. Executive department.
133. Panama Railroad Company.
134. Washington office.

. *

#" -- -- -- -- ---ex -x ---- -- --- - -- E 0x - ------ ------x - x ---x-j -- -r---- -- x'--.- "-- - -'- - -xx -- e

4

I

0- .. "x
ex x : x

ANNUAL

REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR
OF

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

THE
OFFICE

PANAMA
OF THE

CANAL,
GOVERNOR,

Canal Zone, August

I have

honor

submit

annual report covering

construction,
The Panama

operation,

maintenance,

Canal for the fiscal

sanitation,

and

year ended June 30,

protection

1915.

ORGANIZATION.

A timber of
the close of

changes were made min

previous fiscal

the organization

year

principal

as it existed

ones resulting

from

the occupation

mitted

consolidation of

the new administration

departments

building,

and

which

divisions

per-
The

Panama Canal and of

the Panama Railroad Company under one roof.

The

plan

outlined

fiscal year of

1914 was

he report o:
carried out.

executive

secretary for

Practically all the clerical work

previously

handled separately

by the different departments and

visions

was

assigned

executive

office

and

files,

records,

personnel
solidated.

records

, timekeeping

and

property

accounting

were

con-

With the transfer of the offices of

Panama

Railroad Company

from Colon on October

1914

, all auditing, collecting, and disburs-

ing were combined with similar functions under officers of The

Pan-

ama Canal,

and

separate organizations

these

purposes were

discontinued.

1KlOlA 1+1aA 'A;,;co;,nn,

Balboa Heights,

,1915

f f

THm

PANAMA OA)

October

, 1914,

a building

divisi

with the construction of all buildings belor
the Panama Railroad Company, and the

SThe

force

organized

from

the
the

operation a
construction

nd

maln

forces

placed in charge of the maintenance and

CONSTRUCTION

on was organized, charged
going to The Panama ..........
Arnty. T
tenance of the cana
as far as practicable and
operation of the loob.

r.

The department of operation and maintenance continued in charg

the Governor,

apartment
tendent.

Hodges,

who

was

engineer

compliance

States

United

assisted in the
of maintenance

with

Army,

orders,

was

Col.

relieved

administration

and

(now

from

the d�

marine upeins

Brig.
duty

Gen.)

as engineer

of maintenance on January

United

States

Army,

was

1, 1915,
assigned

"Superintendent of transportation"

and Lieut.

this

Col.

duty.

was changed

Chester Har ding,

The

designation

"Marine super-

intendent"

as more suitably

designating the duties of the position,

and

Capt.

Hugh

Rodman

United

States

Navy,

continued

on this

duty.
The

en ineer of maintenance

locks,

electrical

and

was in

municipal

charge of
divisions,

the completion

meteorology

and

hydrography, general surveys,
and maintenance of locks.

the office engineer, and the operation

Locks. -The

lock-operating

machinery

was

practically

completed

during

pre ending

fiscal

year;

principal

exception

was

installation of the chain fender machines,

which was still in progress,

and these machines were completed, so far as concerns the mechanical

installation

at Gatun

on November

1914,

and

Pedro

Migued

and Miraflores on September 4, 1914.

The electrical installation was

completed

, 1914,

and

these
June

three

localities on

1915,

November

respectively

Delay

1914,

was

October

occasioned

a change

were

raised

in plans

, thereby

by which
increasing

the motors above

considerably

the smnp
capacity

pumps

sumps and requiring the pumps to operate less frequently.

livery of the chains was completed on January 6,
all installed.

The de-

1915, and they are

*- a-

-

rI ~ l 5 .1 . *S I * s S ..* . I ..........U * il..*.

i

_

att tt*

REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR.

suggested by Mr. R.

Whitehead.

This reduced

the speed to

mile an hour and was so successful that material has been ordered
to permit changing all the locomotives which will then have speeds of
1 and 2 miles per hour, the change from one to the other being ac-

complished by throwing a switch in the cab,

within easy reach of

the operator.
The back fill of all the locks was placed prior to the beginning of

the fiscal year, but as it was left in very irregular shape the

back

fill of all

the locks was graded

and sloped,

with

view to

proving the general

At Gatun

conditions and

the work was placed

appearance around

under Mr. John J.

locks.

Walsh, general

foreman, who was in charge of the work of leveling off,

sodding the slopes of Gatun Dam.

grading, and

On the Pacific side the work was

under the superintendent of the locks.

Due to

the advent of the

rainy season, the work at Miraflores was not completed.

The amounts

expended were $32,742.32 at Gatun, $20,631.20 at Pedro Miguel, and
$19,207.87 at Miraflores.

The

temporary wooden

structures

various

locks,

which

housed machinery for
sightly and dilapidated.

local repairs during construction,

were un-

As such machinery is necessary at the lock

sites for minor repairs in connection with the maintenance of the lock

operating machinery,

permanent repair shops were erected to take

their places, one each at Gatun, Pedro Miguel, and Miraflores.

They

are reinforced concrete buildings, 110 feet long and 38 feet 6 inches
wide, and contain dry rooms, open and closed storage spaces, black-

smith shop, general shop,

and latrines for white and

colored em-

ployees.
The floating caisson was completed and arrived at the canal on
October 29, 1914, was tested at Miraflores locks, accepted, and used
during the year to permit the painting of the gates of the Pacific locks.
-s -. � -. - * a -v *. a a . - S U a^

division

continued

in charge

Capt.

William H. Rose,

United States Army.

The hydroelectric station

at Gatun, having been tested out, was put in service on July 13, 1914,

and since then has been in continuous operation.

The average pro-

duction cost of current during the last six months of the fiscal year

was

cents per

kilowatt

hour, and the average cost

delivered

firknni oil Qllhe!"tQ+.irnn2 nra~a �t^ non+. nnQi' lilnnxra-tf. h-mT

'PbQQ~ non gina

Electrical division.-This

4THE PANAMA CANAL.

air-compressor plant continued to operate during the
air to the Balboa shops and the terminal construction

year supplying
work.

The construction of the Gatun substation was so far advanced that

part of the equipment was placed in service in October, 1914.

Gatun

and

December

COristobal

1914

stations

and

were

Balboa

placed
and

in complete

4iraflores

ser

substat!

Both
vice on
s"on

December 3, 11
Construction

914.

work in

connection

with

transm

mission line '

vas

completed

during

year,

and

sections

Cristobal, and between Miraflores and Balboa,
tion on-December 3. The section between Gal
placed in service on January 2, 1915, by whi

telephone and

telegraph

wires of

between Gat
were placed in opera-

tun and Miraflores was

ich

time

the Panama Railroa

the overhead
d system 1&d

been installed in the new duct lines.
When the transmission line was put in service the Miraflores tam
station was operated as a reserve plant, several of the boilers bng
kept under pressure at all times, so as to provide prompt resumption
of service in case of failure on the part of the transmission line.

substation

was

constructed

Gamboa

new

pumping

plant of the municipal division,

the sand and gravel handling plant

Panama

Railroad

Company,

and

for local lighting.

It was

placed in service during February, 1915, and contains two transform-
ers of 666 KVA capacity each, with the necessary oil switches, light-
ning arresters, etc. A substation was also constructed and placed in
operation in Maeh, 1915, for the Darien High Power Naval Radio
Station. It contains two 266 KVA transformers and auxiliaries.

This work was paid for by the Navy Department.

A large amount of

construction work was done in connection with

the installation of underground

electric

light

and

power,

and

conduit systems for the distribution

telephone,

telegraph,

and fre-

alarm service in

the permanent towns, for the supply of the coaling

plants, dry docks, pumping station, and for the Army posts.

Street

lighting is being installed in the permanent towns of Ancon, Balboa,
Pedro Miguel, Gatun, and Cristobal, and was carried to about 90 pet

cent of completion during the fiscal year.

gas-filled,

tungsten

filament

type,

The lights are of the new

amperes,

candlepower

I I .^ t1 *. -44^ - . VI- ._ _ 1 - _. ^3 _ -.. &.IE . . .^^^^^n� JLaJ j .a.-w

: *4

REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR.

2,500-cubic-foot

motor-driven

compressor

installed.

Two

550-

kilowatt rotary converters were installed,

one each

at Gamboa and

Balboa dock.
were made for

Three installations of large motor-driven relay pumps

dredging

division,

and

floating pump

barge

was equipped for service at the locks.

Work was done for the Navy

Department in

the electrical instal-

lation

three radio stations.

the construction

quarters

and

other buildings for The Panama Canal and for the Army

and Navy

Departments considerable work devolved upon the electrical division.

The

decision

concernmg size

and

number

generating units

provide power for the canal was determined in May,

1911, and

was

based

on studies

made

prior

that

date

probable

power

demands that would

be required.

The result of

the studies showed

a probable

day

load

about

4,000

kilowatts,

assuming

that

Panama Railroad was not electrified

, but if this were done the prob-

able day load was computed at approximately

5,000 kilowatts,

with

one hour's

peak of 5,700 kilowatts.

This assumption was also based

on the fact that electric current would be generally used for domestic

purposes.

Under these circumstances the generating

equipment inm-

stalled,

furnishing

6,000

kilowatts

allowed for

a reserve for future

growth of about 1,000 kilowatts.

In August,

1912, Congress author-

ized

construction

coaling

stations,

dry

docks,

and

machine

shops, and,

though estimates for the probable amount of power that

would

be required for these

purposes were prepared and considered

determining the power plant,

the completed designs show power

requirements

greater

than

estimunates.

Additional

demands

made upon

the power by reason of

United States

Navy subma-

rines stationed in

the Canal Zone;

the light and

power

loads at

Forts Randolph,

Sherman,

and

Grant;

and

the new waterworks

for the south

end

canal,

designed

and

undertaken

since

original studies.

The result is that the time is not far distant when

additional power will be required,

and

provision should be made for

increasing the capacity of the existing plant and installing a reserve

unit.

Estimates

submitted

latter

will

include

duplication of
additional unit.

-

present

power

house

and

installation

one

Anticipating that an extension might become neces-

- E I- I N J t * * -u V IV * . *I

m

6 UE PANAMA DARAL.
of h anl on 'north of Darien, including th"ct ofCoo
adheouhrdiritebcigthe Canal Zone lyingth souhy

��MUlIaV

VfJL t hl = J- I^ A Ma. B- P--

- - L^M a -V<�^ - ^riii^*-- '-* "

*.1 -C

Darien, including the city of Panama.
The work on the Panama waterworks,

ing the previous fiscal year,

was complete

which was undertaken dn
d. As previously rep

the original
Miraflores,

had

plan c
utilizing

to be abandoned,

flores Lake.

ontemplated

waters

location

lake

a pump

as the supply;

due to the heavy rise in chlorine in

This pump station

which

station at

but thj

the Mira-

was nearly completed when

the source of supply had to be changed, was remodeled and transferred

the fortification

division for use as a storehouse.

A station
sEtathn/y

then built at Gamboa, and the pipe line, extending from

Gamnboa

Miraflores

was installed

during the year.

It required

the laying of

59.762 linear feet of

cast-iron pipe,

varying in size from 24 inches to

36 inches in

total

cost of

diameter.
$22,000,

The

and

trench

total

was excavated

cost of

by contract at a

pipe line,

including

the cost of pipe, fittings, excavation, and backfill,

was $356,951.10.

The construction of the Miraflores purification plant was about 45

per cent completed on June 30,

put in operation on March

tank,

aeration

basin,

I

16,
}he

]

1914
1915
head

The plant was completed and
It consists of the wash-water

house

the sedimentation

basin,

the filter building and pipe gallery,

clear-water basin, and

the laboratory and

the injection chamber.

quarters,

The total cost of the

plant was $558,168.41, of which $203,625.12 was for work done

year.

Walks

and

a roadway

were

constructed

around

dut-
the

plant and the latter connected with the Canal Zone road to Panama.

The delivery of water from

the purification plant at Miraflrst
flore to

pump

21.000

feet

station

in length

Balboa

is through

the diameters

three

parallel

lines,
lea,

being 30 inches, 20 inches,

each
and

16 inches, respectively;

this work was also completed during the fiscal

year.

As part of the new waterworks, an extension was made to the exist-

ing high-service reservoir on Ancon Hill, at elevation 300, by construct-

an addition having

was practically

a capacity

1,500,000 gallons.

TI

completed at the close of the last fiscal year.

Three pump stations,
n+. f01h+0 iutra� ncvnf.arnii

one at Gamboa

, one at Miraflores,

is work
and one

.nrcnnthar with tha nenmarvry OTw.dinn and

I w

q M,, V wJm m v -- w

was

*�

w

REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR.

July

to November

and

under the municipal division for the

balance of the year.

A total of 29,200 linear feet of asphaltic con-

create streets was constructed at an average cost of

square yard.

about $1.90 per

For the permanent road work in the southern end of

The Panama Canal, a standard type of road was adopted, consisting
of concrete curb and gutter, and a finished surface of 2- inches of

asphaltic concrete on a Telford base.

is 20 feet.

The ruling width of the roads

There were laid also 7,600 linear feet of gravel paths with

concrete block edging, having an average width of 6 feet,

and

2,977

square

yards of

concrete

pavement, having

average

depth

6 inches.

Considerable work was done in the vicinity of the administration
building in the way of walks, stairways, grading, sloping, and sodding.
For the construction of part of the pavement around the building it

was necessary to

build curtain

walls on.

which

to support a large

portion of this pavement on account of the natural conditions of

the hill

which

building is erected.

In grading

about

building 2,100 cubic yards of excavation were necessary, at a total
cost of $63,000.

townsite,

vicinity oc
there was

the administration

graded

building

and

the Balboa

total area of 235,000 square yards,

and a total area of 185,000 square yards sodded and planted in grass.

constructing the sewer system

the Balboa

townsite

11,791

feet of pipe, ranging from 6 to 15 inches in diameter, were laid, and
in the water system, 4,190 feet of pipe, varying from 6 to 10 inches
in diameter, were laid.
The sewer outfall from the Ancon district was diverted from the

Panama system and

run into

the Curundu River.

This required

the installation of 746 feet of 8-inch

feet of 12-inch pipe.

,2,619 feet of 10-inch, and 1,646

In the silver town of La Boca two additional

blocks were constructed, the municipal division building the roads,

pavements, gutters,

curbs, sewers, and laying the necessary water

connections.

The

municipal

division

constructed

pipinmg

system

Balboa oil-handling plant, inclu
and the installation of the pump,

ding the erection

manifold

and the laying of a 10-inch crude-

-f1 1 _- - , -t__ _ _ T' . 1 EI 1, 1 . 1 , . .4

THE

diameter.

PANAMA

CANAL.

A partial piping system was installed in

Dry Dock No oo

and

work was

about

cent completed

end

fiscal year.

In con
Cnulebra I
necessary
necessary

section
Island

grading,

water

with

Balboa
built th

and

sewer

removal
dumps,
LO roads,

of th
the
curbs,

systems.

quarantine

municipal

and

Similar

for the health department, so far as roads,

are concerned,
insane wards.

in connection

northern

constructed
previously in

district

Gatun

and

, to
which

with

station

division

gutters

work

of the
nH fr
i
i ..
Li th^
LIa.m

and laid the
s done ado

water, and sewer s

Corozal

a 300,000-gallon

place
was

io longer

poor farm

concrete

r(

430,000-gallon

a

eservo
stee

safe.
a~t~

* ' M ^ * '' ^ "* .. .... .. .....

ir .w.......
l t an k � "

comple-�

tion of the concrete reservoir,

together with
Mount Hope.

material in

the steel tank WE

tower,

was

s dismantled, wnich,
turned into stock t

This

plant

division
t Mount

constructing
pipe lines.

also

Hope,

work

grading

manifold

and

in connection

the site,
necessary

The pipe line installed from

with

laying the
drainage,

the

oil-handlig

concrete floor,
l/U~m t3Wfloor~s,*

and

laying

the pumping station to the

docks consisted of 5,700 feet of 10-inch and 5,700 feet of 12-inch pipe.

water-distribution system

was

installed

the oil-tank site,

and

consisted

of 2,800 feet of

4-inch second-hand pipe and 3,000 feet of

6-inch second-hand pipe,

with the necessary valves and other fittings.

new

construction

work

was

undertaken

in the

city

Colon

with

the exception

the erection

a temporary wooden

building

for the sump pumping station and for the office of the cashier of the

water service in Colon, to
by the fire of April 30, 191

replace the building which was destroyed
5. The cost of this building was charged

to the remaining balance of the $800,000 appropriation for sanitation

cities

Colon

and

Panama.

Additional

installations

Colon, made necessary by the fire of April 30,

and the cost of which

was charged

the maintenance account,

consisted

4,000 feet of

4-inch galvanized-iron pipe, 11 range closets, and 33 shower baths.
A.large amount of work was.done in connection with the expendi-

ture

an appropriation

barracks

and

quarters

Army

wi

lit

V � � "

ERPOItT

THE

GOVERNOR.

water systems, and a considerable portion of the work was completed
before the end of the fiscal year.

At Balboa Heights, in

the vicinity

of the Ancon

quarry

the con-

struction of the necessary roads, sewer and water systems was under-

taken,

for quarters for

the commanding

general

and

the staff,

and

the work was 89 per cent completed at the end of the year. In the
latter part of June work was begun on the necessary grading, and the

construction

of roads and

the installation of water and sewer mains

for the mobile troops to be stationed at Corozal.
Meteorology and hydrography.--This division of the work continued

in charge of Mr. F. D.
were made during the
The rainfall records ai

1914, and

Willson, chief hydrographer.

year in the
Porto Bello

Several changes

meteorological stations operated.
were discontinued September 1,

the first-class station at Culebra and

the evaporation sta-

tion

on the

Rio

Grande

Reservoir were closed

September

1914.

On October 1, 1914, the Ancon station was closed and the equipment,

including the seismographs,
ing, Balboa Heights.

transferred

the administration

build-

Tidal records were continued at Balboa and

Colon.

Considerable

tidal data were furnished to

the division

of fortifications

and

Coast Artillery Corps.

Fourteen

seismic

disturbances

were

recorded

during

year.

Four were of

comparative local

origin,

three of which

cient intensity to be generally felt over the Canal Zone.

were of suffi-
No damage

resulted from any of these shocks.
The average air temperature for the calendar year 1914 was slightly

above
highest

normal.

mean

Pacific coast

temperature

and

October

March

was

month

month

of lowest

mean

temperature,
highest mean
temperature.

while

on the

Atlantic

coast

July

was

month

temperature and September the month of lowest mean

The

rainfall

during

year

1914

was

deficient

stations

except Juan Mina,

Vigia,

and

Colon.

The annual

totals ranged

from 132.70 inches at Colon to 64.48 inches at Balboa Heights.
The wind movement across the Isthmus was generally above nor-

mal.

North and northwest winds prevailed.

March was the month

... . . r - -_ -

-

�

1

r.w *

i1

or - s� s-nfl aTI r flrT-T r'' " f*i n- *^ti aV -r alink nn�- n^ J- n��r^ * * Jnkw aV .-� a~"- .n .-t. 4% ^HV w ^ n.. -^ ni^ f-� i n

AIn y

TUE

The wind attained a maximum

PA'K" NA & CANA

velocity

miles per hour
h 0.A A A. ./ ^. f A ^ AAAAA ^ .AAA ./A/A. A AAAAA
-^*^ KK iro-1K K KK K*K ^ ^n KKK KKK

the north. The rainfall for 24 hours was 5.42 inches. The previous
maximum velocity of wind recorded at Colon was 40 miles per Eour,
from the south, on July 16, -1908.
The wind movement during the progress of the storm of February
9-11 was from a point a little east of north for a considerable per
11 wasf

of time,

whereas during the storm

of April 3-5 it blew for a port *
o .. __: - rh a a

the time from a point a little west of north.

The

most

consumption

power,

and

important hyc
of water from

municipal

Irographic

feature

Gatun Lake for

purm poses.

During

year

lockages,

dry

was

th

hydroelectric

season

1915,

about two and one-fourth

times as much

water was used for hydre-

electric power as for lockages, but this ratio is steadily decreasing da

account of the increase in

the number of lockages.

The elevation of Gatun Lake on January

1, 1914, was 84.32, which

represented a storage of 180.09 billion cubic feet of water.

yield
cubic
was

million
wasted

Gatun

feet.
23,970

The
million

Lake

watershed

year

was

185,686

'he total
million

evaporation of the lake surface for the same period

In

cubic feet.

cubic

feet

which

Of this amount,

spillway, 5,182

million

gave

139,285

cubic

a net
million

field

161,716

cubit feet were

feet were used for lock-

ages andc
million
suction

tests

3.604

million

cubic feet for munici

dredges,

and

829 mil

cubic feet for hy
pal purposes, 265
lion cubic feet f

droelectric power, 397
million cubic feet for

or leakage.

On Janu-

, 1915,

lake

was

elevation

which

represented

increase in storage of 12,154 million cubic feet during the year, or a

total of

192.24

billion cubic feet at

beginning of the dry season

191
at

.5.

During the year 508

lockages were made at Gatun, and 502

Pedro Miguel.

The total yield for Gatun Lake watershed for the dry season 1915

was 43,924 million cubic

feet.

The evaporation

on the lake surface

for the same period was 9,427.5 million cubic feet,

yield of 34,496.5 million cubic feet.

which gave a net

Of this amount 23,263.5 million

cubic

feet

were

wasted

the spillway,

8,311.8

million

cubic

feet

were used

for

hydroelectric

power,

3,724.6

million

cubic

feet were

used for lockages and tests, 182.2 million cubic feet for municipal
^^^^^_ ^a',- -tiBlr^^ /^-k:- /� j-f^r tan cii.- wnM- /4nn AarnTaa 0r'�jr~^AsC t in r '7A.A.. rnfll(lnnir

REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR.

lake from 87 to 89.95.

The direct rainfall on the surface of the lake

practically equaled

the loss

by evaporation during the dry season.

No large freshet occurred during the year;

there was, however, an

unusually well sustained run-off, well distributed as to time.
The total yield from Gatun Lake watershed for 1914, was 102 per

cent of the capacity of the lake at elevation 85.

The lake elevation

has been maintained between elevations 84.75 and 87 by the operation

of the spillway gates.

In September, 1914, it was raised to 86, and

in November, 1914, it was raised to 86.70.

From December, 1914,

to April, 1915, it was maintained at elevation about 87.
it has varied between elevation 87 and 85.50.

Since then

During the fiscal

year there was

an average constant spillway

discharge of 5,300 cubic feet per second.
It has been determined that the Gatun spillway discharge per gate

is higher than expected.

At elevation 85, the wet season elevation,

one gate discharged 10,460 cubic feet per second, an increase of about

20 per cent over what was anticipated.

Investigations with velocity

current meters show that there are no currents during freshets that
will interfere with the handling of ships.
Surveys.-The surveys were handled under parties operating under

the direction of Mr

Malsbury, assistant engineer.

The loca-

tion of Canal Zone boundary monuments, triangulation points, and

bench marks,

were maintained, checked, and recorded.

All survey

work in connection with the permanent location of buildings, sewer
and water lines, as well as checking up the alignment of permanent

construction tracks on locks and dams,

was done by this division.

Various

routine surveys,

maps,

plots,

topographical layouts,

etc.,

for other divisions, were prepared during the year.

Office engineer.-On September 21,

1914,

the section

under the

office engineer was reorganized, centralizing the drafting forces of

lock operation

and

maintenance, electrical, municipal engineering,

terminal construction, and building divisions. The office was placed
in charge of Mr. C. J. Embree as office engineer.

Lighthouses.-A special

appropriation

$40,000

was

made

Congress for the establishment of lights on the Pacific side at Cape

Mala and Bona Island.

These lights are nearing completion.

additional light will be established at Tahor1milla. Tsland nl ndl wh.n

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

DIVISION OPr TZrUXh O NsNU1 L

The division of terminal construction,

Rousseau,

United

States

Navy,

Was

under

charged

Rear
with

A
ti

section and construction of dry docks, shops coal
plants, floating cranes, docks, and other terminal facil
construction of the east breakwater at the Atlantic te

Dry

docks.

-The

general

dimensions

Dry

Dock

follows:

Width of entrance

Width in body of floor .............-...... .. ..... .-......- ...
Width in body at coping--.....-..........-...........--- .....-.- .
Length on center line from point of miter sill to head........
Length on center line from outside of masonry at entrance,
e daada aaaa aaa - a a a aS SS aa.a.aaa a -

arr' � - .-
4 . - a.
* a aa -

hdre rnl
hem

and
Cities,> an&

No. I are as

do3 ,. 113.
do....4
.. KKKKK KKKK � �

.. - .. .do.

to inside of

**Ido.

Elevation

blocking

4 feet

inches

high

referred

mean

sea level... ..aa......aa ......- a a a

Elevation of miter and caisson sills referred to mean sea level...
Elevation of coping referred to mean sea level.......... -. . - a-

Volume of water contained with

tide at mean sea level, elevation 0.0,

- .O
-Fit:^ S

cubic feet . .--... .. .-.-...... ... . . . . -
The dock is founded on rock,

w h i * h f a - a a a a a - e m o par a a - - a a a 5, 26hard,
which for the most part is hard, but

which contains
6Occurred. The

spots,
body o

relatively
ff the dock

small

where

consists essentially

decomposition

hgs

of two para
of two a M

gravity walls, connected by a semicircular head; the floor of the dook
is merely a smooth skin, laid over the rock exposed by the excavation,
the minimum thickness of which is 1 foot, increasing to 5 feet where
some of the softpockets occur. The floor is level longitudinally and
for the middle 66 feet of its width, but between this level middle art

and

the side

walls,

a distance of

23.5

feet,

floor

has

a fall

of 0

inches, making the elevation of the top of the gutter, which is forced

at the

base of

each side wall,

-40.

The side walls are reinforced at

their backs with

portion
within
width,

70-pound rails,

walls,

and

8-foot

spaced
center

13.5 feet of the coping level.

and

feet

thick for the

4-foot centers for the lower

s

upper

portion

The walls average 29.5 feet i

upper 20 feet

of their

he ht.

The working faces are formed into four altars,

each 3 feet wide,

height of the altars beginning at the coping, elevation 16.5, being 20

aB - - -f S -. S* .. . - -. -f I.. * -^ .ak &- "usa

. ~l~. ^l0 :

*

s

t

REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR.

and bollards parallels each side wall at a distance of 40 feet from the

coping.
The normal

closure of the entrance

is by

a pair of steel mitering

gate leaves,

identical

with

lock

gates,

except

that

bearing

surfaces at the miter and

quoin ends are

hart, instead of nickel steel as in

the lock gal

be of Demerara Green-
bes. The miter sill and

hollow

quoins

are of

granite.

Outside

miter gate sill is

a seat

for the floating caisson

purchased

primarily for service at the locks.

This

seat

quoins,

is faced

and

with

is reinforced

granite

similar

structural steel

e gate si
brackets

and

hollow

embedded

e masonry.
The dock will be flooded

each side

wall.

through culverts formed

These culverts

communicate

with

one in the

the sea,

base
each

by twin openings 8-feet wide by

12-feet high,

at elevation -24.5.

the south side

flooding water passes

through

pump suction

chamber, and on the north side the flooding culvert descends to the

lower

level after passing the

gate

recess.

The

floor

chamber and of the lowest portion of the side wall culvert

Suction
is at ele-

ovation

-52,

descent

being

made

on 45

0 slopes.

The

suction

chamber is

feet clear width,

It is expected to flood the dock,
more than 30 minutes. The flu

12 feet high, and about 80 feet long.
with tide at mean high water, in not
oding intakes are closed by "wagon-

body

valves

square inch
ing plant.

, operated

furnished

by water

a pressure

by an accumulator provided

300

with

pounds per
the pump-

The plant for pumping out Dry

Docks Nos. 1 and

2 is located at a

distance of about

100 feet from

the entrance wall, and

consists of

main

pumps,

2 drainage

pumps,

and

bilge

pump,

all located in a

rectangular pump pit about

ately
plant,

adjacent to t
which consist

100 feet long by 35 feet wide.

pumping

of one

plant

is the

permanent

Immedi-

compressor

2.250-cubic-foot and one 5.500-cubic-foot

motor-driven

compressors.

These

primarily for

shops,

but

they will
docks.

also supply

air for the various

operations around

the dry

Award was made and a contract entered into for

11.500 cubic feet

of dressed granite and

750 cubic feet of rough stone,

the former at a

A S

-(ni .t. I c.h n- ei Si^- no n�n ant *Ia a 4-t 1a--,� ,i.4w OiT Anv~ /�~ 4' t/-^

1e
14 TBB PANAMA OAKAL.

128.195 cubic yards of mass concrete were plcddrigtebalance ..

ts
of the fiscal year, and 24,675 cubic yards of reinforced concre

cost

$6.0304

the
per

former
cubic

was
yard.

$3.9744
There

cubic

remain

yard,
be p

and

laced

the le ttr

25,000

eubip

yards
The

4 ^:..

concrete.

total

amount

fixed iron

placed

was

312,729

pounds,

and

2,251,304 pounds of reinforcing rods and rails were embedded in the
masonry. The placing of granite began in May in the miter sill, and
this, together with about three-quarters of the hollow quoins were in

position at the close of the year.

begun on June

The erection of the steelwork was

12, 1915, and all of the girders of the two leaves were

placed in

position

on June

1915.

the end

of the fiscal

year

565.68 tons of steel had been erected at a cost of $6,391.19, or $11.2982
per ton, including the driving of 1,919 rivets. Backfill to the amount
of 33,787 cubic yards was put behind the walls, at a cost of $15,430.36,
or an average cost of $0.4567 per cubic yard, and work started on the
foundations of the air compressor and pumping plant.

It was decided

during the

year not

and the adjacent repair piers, Docks 10,

one

such

dimensions

becomes

to complete
11, and 12,1

apparent.

Dry

Dock No.

until the necessity

This

dock will

rectangular in plan,

with side walls and head walls of gravity section,

but only the

head

wall

and

south side

wall

dock are

being

built;
being

the latter wall supports one side of the entrance pier, the other

supported

concrete

columns

and

steel

framing.

trance pier as now building is 59 feet wide by 350 feet long.

The

It will

have a reinforced concrete deck slab and will support a 22-foot gauge
crane track and two standard gauge tracks. At its west or sea end
there is now to be furnished an electric capstan similar to those around

Dry
Th
basil

Dock No.
ie entrance

1.

1 for use in handling ships entering Dry

pier

-I

Nearly all

is situated

on the

north side

Dock No. 1.

entrance

the excavation for the pier was completed in the

previous year, and but 5,313 cubic yards were excavated during the
present fiscal year in preparing foundations, at a cost of $3.4839 per

cubic yard.

There were

11,232 cubic yards of plain concrete placed

at an average cost of $4.2455

per cubic

yard and 602 cubic yards of

reinforced

concrete

"'P t1 . - . ... - -.. ... a. 4J

an average
Ie -- .^ ,-- S. - ^ - ~

cost

$8.5610

per cubic yard.

"IA 100 ~tO\/**l- -vrra..An nylnnl-f nT'nA/ 000

REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------DI

for the entrance basin, under and outside the cofferdam,

will be done

in the wet after the completion of the dry-dock gates and the installa-

tion

valves,

when

water

can

The amount of material excavated

put

during the

behind

year in

e cofferdam.
the entrance

basin

by steam shovel was 8,771

cubic yards at an average cost of

$1.0704 per cubic yard.
Balboa coaling station.---The concrete work in connection with the
crane tracks and the docks for the station was continued throughout

year.

most

The

part of

supports

steel girders

berm

arranged in

crane
pairs,

tracks

consist

supported

on concrete

piers spaced 25-foot centers.

The piers supporting one of the tracks

also

support

the conveying system viaduct which parallels the berm

crane travel
main pier.

by means of

piers of buttress form extending above the

These buttress piers also support reinforced concrete cur-

tain walls which confine the coal in the subaqueous storage, a length

about 300 feet

and

also

a distance of

about

200 feet

west of the subaqueous storage where deep

foundations were neces-

sary

For

balance

unloader

travel

total

length

which is about 800 feet

, the rails are supported

on continuous con-

create walls founded on rock or rock fill.

The unloader wharf

59.5 feet in width.

(Dock No.

The

will be

type adopted in Au1

1,052 feet in length by
gust, 1914, consisted of

concrete piers, spaced 25-foot centers, anchored to the rock, extend-
ing the full width of the floor of the dock and having a width of 8 feet

at the bottom,

which is offset to give a width of 6 feet for the upper

portion

each

pier.

These

piers

carry

longitudinal

steel

girders

which support the tracks,

the reinforced-concrete deck slab, and

necessary superstructure of

coaling plant.

The unloader wharf

supports two coal unloading towers, having a travel of 790 feet. At
the end of the fiscal year the wharf had been completed to the coffer-

dam.

Eighteen

thousand three hundred and thirty-one cubic yards

concrete were

placed in

the unloader wharf,

at a cost of $5.4746

per cubic yard.
A general layout for the reloader wharf (Dock No. 6) to be 745 feet

in length by 64.2

feet min width was approved

in August,

1914.

For

the substructure 6-foot cylinders with steel forms sunk to rock were

n\ A~ a-tnd. n A al YWr nan wl -*-l AJ akh 4- S. a ,w,.La a nt - i-*- I - --

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

ment stopped, the work of caisson sinking proceeded.

fiscal

year

but 3 of

caissons were

At the end of
... .. *,

min position,

reached rock, and 46 were in the process of sinking.
feet of caissons were sunk during the year.

There were excavated 17
of earth in the coal pockets.

around

underwater storage

dry storage areas.

total

cubic yards of rock and 4,685 cubS
Riprap retaining walls were cons

area

and

around a

part of

I

At a cost of $5.5669 per cubic yard, 5,33

of 4 24f

Lcyat4ds
iLcructed

i3 cubic

yards

concrete

and

2,799

cubic

yards

rubble

masonry

were

placed in the masonry walls and crane supports
ing the runways for the berm cranes were erect

* The piers supp
ted, and the floor

the coal pockets were leveled off, with the exception of the south h
of the east area.

The four

berm cranes,

originally used

by the Pacific division, for

handling concrete, were dismantled and brought to the site andercted

on the runways provided.

They were remodeled to fit the work for

which

they

be used.

By the close of the fiscal year

1,097.8

tons of steel had been erected in these cranes, the structural ironwork

was

complete,

and

about

half

machinery

installed.

The

unloader towers,

which were furnished by the contractor, arrived on

the Isthmus in May, 1915, and at the end of the year one tower was in

place and bolted up
towers and conveyo
by the contractor.

but not riveted.

r system had

No deliveries of the reloading

been made at the end of the year

CGristobal
completed

coalig station
the excavation

.-During

year

the subaqueous coal

dredging

division

pockets to eleva-

tion

-28.

The

total

material

dredged

coaling

station was

188,667

cubic yards, at a cost of $0.5836 per cubic yard.

Caisson foundations for the south

500 feet of

the unloader wharf

were completed on January

1, 1915, for the entire unloader wharf on

June 4, and for the entire reloader wharf on June 15.

Work on caissons

for the end wharf commenced on June 5, 1915, and at the end of the

fiscal

year

8 out

caissons

were

completed.

These

Ce alsO i

6-foot

cylinders

one-half

inch

or three-eighths

inch

steel

plate,

and riveted in lengths of from 10 to 50 feet, depending on the

depth of the water.

Caisson driving started in July, 1914, and ea-

- -- -._ a.w�J .. J

- Ns U -. U .~ w mm * : j j - -* a :-. .r ...

REPORT

OF TEE

GOVERNOR.

gravel was used with a mixture of 1:5 for the cylinders and 1:4 for the

floor.

In addition 6,577

cubic yards of

concrete were

placed in

wharf floors, 3,873 cubic yards in the bridge track retaining walls, and

316 cubic yards in miscellaneous

foundations

during the fiscal year,

at an average cost of $4.5043 per cubic yard.
The steel deck was erected by contract, and at the end of the year
that for the unloader wharf was erected and riveted, and that for the

reloader

wharf

was

cent

completed.

deck

steel

was

erected for the end wharf.
create floor of both unload

The south 520 feet of the reinforced con-
er and reloader wharves was completed at

end

year;

thus

1,040

linear feet

wharf

structure

was

entirely completed, except for the installation of the wooden fender

system and

south

bridges,
tracks.
viaduct

cast-iron

the
were
The

trestle

snubbing posts.

coaling pier,
completed,
foundations

which
except

carry
for

r

The

concrete retaining walls

the stocking

concreting

transformer

and
the

house

south of the wharves were completed.

reclaiming
permanent

and

About 90 per

cent of all permanent railroad tracks south of the wharves are in their

permanent

position

and require

only

a small

amount

of ballasting.

The east shore of the coaling station was riprapped
from Sosa Hill.

with hard rock

The erection

which

span

two

coal-storage

tractor, in November,

1914

315-foot stocking

area,
and

was

and reclaiming

commenced

the end

fiscal

bridges
subcon-

year

both

bridges were completed,

except for the installation of the propelling

machinery

viaduct

trestle

south

wharves

and

500 feet

trestle

except

on the

south

end

installation

reloader

crossties

and

wharf
rails.

were
The

completed,
transformer

house was about 75 per cent completed.

Foundations for the track

scales were completed by the Panama Canal forces.
The erection of the structural steel for the four unloader towers at
the south end of the unloader wharf was begun by the contractor on

March 3,1915,

and progressed satisfactorily

were completely erected and riveted,

The

and in tower

two
No.

north

towers

, 85 per cent

machinery was

installed

while

tower

2 about 40 per

cent
No.

machinery

3 was completely

was

erected

installed.

and

two

per cent

riveted

south

while

towers,

tower

,

J8 THE PANAMA CANAL. A

of work remaining to be done being the closing in of the sides of the
buildings. Changes, added requirements, and necessary delays in

construction, extended the period of completion until June 15,

the shops were formally turned over to

when

the mechanical division and

storehouse

lath

plaster,

closures,

was

which

e supply
required

completed

department.
the placing

February,

1915.

location of machines in buildings Nos. 1

The

6,077
Some

, and 8,

plaster

square

on metal-

yards

changes in the
were also made,

and the last machine foundation was poured in January,

1915.

The

total amount of

concrete poured for machine foundations from July,

1914,

January,

1915,

was

374

cubic

yards.

January

columns of building No.

8 were lined up, and corrugated iron siding

was placed in lieu of plaster and in lieu of the 42-inch concrete wall

around

building.

Construction work for the installation of the

exhaust system in building No. 8 was begun in February.

In March

potash

building was erected

and

the concrete

floor poured.

The maintenance of the cement tile roofing was expensive on account
of the large amount of work done in connection with the closures of
the buildings, and the consequent travel over the tile roofs by work-

men,

and

also

blasting in
Steel rolling

on account c
neighboring

doors were

breakage

dry

placed

dock

and

as closures in

tiles

Sosa

rocks

Hill

the ends

from

excavation.
and sides of

main

buildings,

while

the main

buildings have sides and

a per-

tion of the ends closed with movable metal louvers.
East breakwater.-As noted in the last annual report, it was decided

build a detached

breakwater on

the east side of

Colon Harbor to

protect

inner

harbor

from

waves

caused

trade

winds,

general direction extending on a line from Coco Solo to a point 2,000

feet

east

outer

extremity

west

breakwater.

therein noted, it was decided

to obtain

the rock from

the Sosa Hill

quarry and transport it across the Isthmus.

There

was
east

much

discussion

breakwater

for several

account

years

about

disastrous

necessity
effects of

northerss"

fiscal

year

on the channel

two

severe

through

northerss"

Limon

were

Bay

During

experienced,

the first

past
one

on February 9,

when the direction of the wind was north and slightly

east,

and

the other on April 3-5,

of

three d

ays' duration

when

REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR.

From July 1, 1914, to February 8, 1915,

the double-track trestle

was advanced 6,048 linear feet, and also about 400 feet of single-
track trestle were driven, thus making the entire trestle double track
for a total length of 9,498 linear feet.

The filling of the trestle was started on September

1914

which purpose excavation in Sosa Hill was begun on the same date,
and a total of 363,658 cubic yards were excavated for use at the east

breakwater, at a cost of $0.5750 per cubic yard.

Of this amount

321,146 cubic yards were actually placed in the east breakwater, at

a total cost of $1.0170 per cubic yard

the remainder having been

diverted

other

purposes.

This

was

distributed

between

stations 0 and 35 plus 75.

For the greater part of this distance the

fill was carried up to or a little above sea level on the sea side of the
trestle, and to within 10 feet of the surface on the harbor side.
There is a large quantity of good coral sand in the vicinity of Coco
Solo, and use was made of this for the interior fill between the rock

piles dumped

on either side of

the trestle;

the sand was excavated

and deposited by means of a suction dredge and formed part of the

core of the breakwater.

In connection with this fill a relay station

was constructed on the trestle, and 19,556 cubic yards of Sosa Hill

rock were deposited at the station to protect it from storms.

work was continued until February 9, 1915,

The

when the northerr

that date suspended all operations.
The fill by the suction dredge was commenced on September 22,
1914, and there were placed 252,319 cubic yards, at a cost of $0.6073

per cubic yard.

In addition, material was dumped from scows ob-

trained from

excavation

progress

in Cristobal

Bay

and

by the

dredge Caribbean, aggregating 1,498,152 cubic yards of material, of

which 253,566 cubic yards were hard material.

Of the above quan-

tities, 81,142 cubic yards of hydraulic fill, and 357,874 cubic yards of
dredged material, of which 127,243 cubic yards were hard material,
have been placed on the axis of the trestle since February 9.

The northerr"

carried away the trestle from station 17

plus 97

to station 59 plus 26, measured from the shore, and on the fill from
station 21 to station 38 plus 05, a total distance of 5,834 linear feet.

The

relay

station

was

partially wrecked.

lost with the trestle in the northerr"

Two

pile drivers

were

of February 9, and one was

THE

another severe "nor
to that part of the

February 9.

PANAMA

CANAL.

rther" visited TLimon Bay, doir
trestle which remained stiandin

Practically all of the trestle that ha

g furtherdam
g after v th
d been driven

destroyed by the two storms.

The effect of

the northerss"

on the fill that had been placed was

to level it off very uniformly to a depth of from 10 to

14 feet below

sea level, and to make a broad platform, in some cases 120 feet wid

with flat slopes on

which

to dump

armor rock.

The difference

between

volumes

calculated

from

cross

sections

taken

before

and
cent,

after

northerss"

which represents

was

62,221

cubic

yards,

amount of material

or about

carried away or lost

by the action of the storms.

The net effect of the

two

northerss"

will

increase

the cost

of the east breakwater about $370,000.

the west
Work

breakwater,

and $100,000 will

on the reconstruction of

The storm of April damaged
be required for its repair.

the trestle was

begun on April 12,

1915

since

which

time 4,558

linear feet of

single-track trestle,

and

linear

feet

double-track

trestle,

were

driven;

22,760

linear

feet of creosoted piling (second hand);

piling (second hand);

18,642 linear feet of untreated

and 57,130 linear feet of untreated piling (new)

were

driven.

Four

thousand

eight

hundred

and

seventy-six linear

feet of track, and 3,092 linear feet of 3-inch water pipe were laid, but

no rock was excavated for the breakwater subsequent to

Fuel-oi
the canal

7l

handling

plants.-These

plants,

one

each

February.
terminal of

, are designed to handle oil from the tanks located at Mount

Hope and Balboa

three

ships

simultaneously at each locality at

the rate of 1,200 barrels per hour per vessel;

and also deliver oil by

pipe

lines

rate of

400

barrels

per hour from Mount Hope to

Gatun and from Balboa

Paraiso.

Construction

work was commenced

on the

Pacific

terminal

plant

in July,

1914

and

was completed sufficiently to

turned

over for

operation on January
tion work commence

1915.

I in August,

At the Atlantic terminal, construe-

1914,

and

plant was placed in

commission on February 28, 1915.

Atlantic

handling plant

side
one

Dock

10-inch

No.
and

was

one

connected

12-inch

with

pipe line,

and

pro-

rincnr, madrl0 Sfr .hA inlrfltmnn

. . .

as third lin shn1ld futn1r demanls

REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR.

At the Pacific terminal a berth for oil vessels 75 feet wide by a
about 2,000 feet long, immediately adjoining the canal channel south
of the old French pier, was dredged to -45, and the necessary dol-

phins placed.
consisting of

on mne

6-foc

The plans call for three oil cribs, one of which,

a steel and
)t cylinders

concrete dock 62 feet square, supported

driven

bedrock,

was

completed

and

placed in service.
Lots for the erection of tanks by individuals and companies are

being leased under revocable licenses.

All material, labor, or work

of any nature required in connection with the installation of tanks
by private parties are supplied by and at the expense of the licensees.
At the end of the fiscal year 13 licenses were issued to five companies
on the Atlantic side and 12 licenses to four companies on the Pacific

side.

Fourteen

tanks

now

course

construction

licensees, seven on the Atlantic side, with a total capacity of 385,000
barrels, and seven on the Pacific side with a total capacity of 285,000
barrels.

Since

beginning of

operations,

the oil-handling plants have

met satisfactorily not only all requirements outlined in the original
proposals, but have demonstrated their ability to handle oils, either
way, between vessels and storage tanks, at the rate of from 1,800 to
2,000 barrels per hour.

Floating cranes.-The contract with

Deutschmachinenfabrik

of Germany,

for the

two

250-ton floating cranes Ajax and

Hercules is still in force.

At the beginning of the year all material

for the construction of these cranes had been manufactured at the
works of the contractor, and shipped to the Isthmus; the Ajax left
Emden on April 26, 1914, and the Hercules followed on May 30, 1914,

arriving at the Isthmus on July 8 and 13, respectively.

On leaving,

these cranes were complete as regards pontoons and crane towers,

but no part of the jibs were erected.

The

jibs and the rest of the

material, including spare parts, left Antwerp about the same time.

The

contract

permitted

use

a canal lock for

erecting

jibs. and the east center lock at Gatun was assigned for the purpose.

The Ajax was placed in the lock chamber on October

on November 4 the Hercules followed

1914, and

, and the erection of the jibs

commenced

Whe A

hndA

hbeen

af bricated

the wall of

. .. . ....

THE PA

the spindle

iI~~

November

an as

LNAM

A CANAL. ..... ....
iA a a--L- a a a -i � . L �...... - -1"

barrage

counterweight were

*<419

on the Ajax and it was ready for service.

Gaillard
manned
portions

and

Cut,

under

crew

a sunken

direction

contractor's

drill

barge

after successfully removing

some other minor work,

the cran

which
these c
te was

The Ajax was taken to

mechanical
employees,

was

blocking

)bstructions

returned

and

division, and,

removed

two

ie channel,
performing

the contractor,

Dock

Cristobal

, on November 25,

1914.

The contractor offered the crane Ajax for test on December 1, 1914,
and the main hoist test was assembled so that the actual tests could

begin

on December 3.

The test with

long-ton normal load

was completed successfully, and the speed of the hoisting, luffing, and

slewing operations met contract requirements.

test load

On December 7

was increased 20 per cent, as specified by the contract, for

the overload tests. The 120-ton load was hoisted clear of the wharf
and luffed slowly out to the 100-ton reach of 81.6 feet from the face

of the fender.

No sign of distress was noticed in any member.

The

auxiliary hoist trolley was at the inner limit of travel, when it should

have been at the tip of the jib.

The instant that the controller was

placed in

luffing position and

brake solenoids were heard as

they released the brakes on the drums, two movements were observed:
First the collapse of the back of the jib and fall of the load, which was
only a short distance above the ground; a pause, and then the fall of

the jib and the recoil of the pontoon.

The jib pivot remained intact,

and
with

jib in its fall

the sheaves

turned about this pivot.

which support

main

The head

load swung

of the jib

clear of

test load and buried itself about 6 feet in the ground.

The extension

of the jib beyond the point which serves as an attachment for the crab

trolley

sheaves

struck

test

load

and

was

completely

wrecked.

The
and

portal

which

supports

the upper chord

main

hoist

remained

together at

in place.

its second

The

point

connecting

links from the jib to crosshead were badly twisted.

The back spindle

carriage track was sprung outward, and with it the two spindles.

The

spindles, however,

were found to have suffered no injury

The upper

chord
blocks
latter,

was
and
but

sprung

and

equalizer

lower

bar

chord

received

block sheaves were

twisted.

injury,

intact.

The

more

main

hoist

especially

One main-block triangle

i

REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR.

Investigation of the accident led to the conclusion that the heel
strut was the first to fail and that the failure was due probably, not
to insufficient sectional area to resist the maximum direct compres-
sion, but to the distribution of metal in this member, to the insuffi-
cient strength of latticing and tie-plates, and to the rivets connecting

these details

the main members,

as well as failure

provide

adequately for flexure as well as direct compression.

The contractor

did not concur in the above-stated causes of failure, and while stating
he did not know the exact cause of the accident, expressed such con-
fidence in his design that on December 10 he offered the Hercules for

contract tests.

The Panama Canal was unwilling to permit this to

be done without the reinforcement of

certain members of the

This work on the Hercules was begun on January 11, and three mem-
bers of each truss of the jib were strengthened, and on January 27 the

Hercules was again offered for test.

The tests of the Hercules were

completed satisfactorily

on March 27,

1915,

and

on March 30 the

crane was accepted by The Panama Canal with a few minor excep-
tions, and turned over to the mechanical division for operation. A
new jib for the Ajax was completed at the works of the contractor on
April 15, and on June 10, 1915, the structural steel for the jib arrived
on the Isthmus; the erection was started, and about 25 per cent erected
at the end of the year.
Colliers.-Work continued on the two Panama Canal colliers Achilles
and Ulysses, for which contract was awarded to the Maryland Steel Co.

on April 9, 1914.

They were constructed under the supervision of

the Bureau of Construction and Repair of the Navy

they were

completed, met

the contract

requirement

Department;
as to speed,

and the

Ulysses arrived at the Isthmus on its first trip with 12,000

tons of coal on April 27, 1915, and the Achilles arrived on June 17

1915.

Until the permanent coaling plant is completed, the colliers

will be unloaded by the Brown hoist at the dry-dock entrance slip.
The colliers are operated by the Panama Railroad Company.
Tugs.-The two tugs, built under contract with the Staten Island
Shipbuilding Co., dated May 8, 1914, and named, respectively, the
Gorgona and Tavernilla, were completed. On their trial trips in New

York the Tavernilla developed a speed of 12 knots and

13 knots.

the Gorgona

The Tavernilla arrived at the Isthmus on March 21 and

24 4 " ! @"
-r ^ r tr -. I ""< kvj I .. - '" I ': I'^ ' *: ^l:!. "i'

I-J-M-2N, and Pier No. i nave Dben renumDered, respectively. as
follows: Docks Nos. 13 and 14, 15 and 16, 17 and 1, and Pier lS
These wharves were described in the last annual report, and th fol

lowing work was done on same during the fiscal year:

Dock

cylinders,

Great

due

difficulty

numerous

was

tracks

encountered

leading

m sinking

across

steel

the site.

end

the year 37

out of 39

caissons were sunk to

rock,

and

twoh

thirds of

the steelwork was erected;

the steel was furnished

by the

United States Steel Products Co.

and erected by the terminal division.

Dock

sunk

to rock,

b the end
in which

the last fiscal year 23

there

had

been

placed

caissons had been

1,487

cubic

yards of

concrete.

During the current year 2,917 linear feet of

caissons were

sunk

and

filled

with

concrete,

completing

substructure.

The

steelwork for

the superstructure was furnished

by the

United States

Steel Products Co.

and erected

by the

terminal division.

The dock

was completed at the end of the year, including snubbing posts and

brick pavement.

Filling

behind

the dock was completed for about

two-thirds

its length.

Reinforced-concrete anchors were embedded

behind the dock and connected directly with

the girders of the dock

floor

means

3j-inch

diameter

steel

rods

tightened

turn-

buckles while the rods were heated.

Docks

and

These

docks

were

practically

completed

last

year.

The only remaining work done consisted of a small amount of

brick paving,

driving a few fender piles, and completing the back fill

to bring the surface up level with that of the shop yards.

Docks

and

The

substructure

and

superstructure

these

docks were

completed last

year.

The

brick floor and

anchors wore

placed

during this

year.

At each

wharf

there

will

be a small

boat

landing,

consisting of

a reinforced

concrete

pontoon

and steel land-

ing bridges.
Pier 18.

Nearly

reinforced

concrete

superstructure

this

1,000-foot

pier was completed last

year,

and little

remained

be done other than

placing the

brick pavement,

the 2.5-inch anchor

tie-rods

pier.
face of

, and

When

making the
excavation

the pier in Slip No.

pier on

which runs

elevation

through

-45

began

the middle of

along

, the pressure of the fill in

the very soft underlying mud

caused an

south

the center of

outward move-

REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR.

damage was caused.

It is proposed

to support

the floor in

the cen-

ter of the pier on coral rock fill.
Excavation along Docks Nos.

and Pier

18 was done

by the dredging division.

Slip

No.

was

open for

commercial

the greater part of the year, and Slip No.
thirds of its length.

2 was excavated about two-

antine

station

boat landing.-The

was

designed

boat

this

landing for the

division.

This

Balboa

landing

quar-
is 568

feet long and

10 feet wide and consists of a reinforced

concrete walk

over
pipe

I-beams

piles.

incased

March

in concrete,

, 1915,

supported
a contract

on reinforced

was

entered

concrete

into

with

Mr. Alex.

Crary for

construction

this landing,

and

end

were

fiscal

in place

and

year
work

was

e pipe
started

piles

and

on the

shore

bracing system

buttresses

and

the forms for the superstructure.

This

division

also

had

supervision

construction

Pier

which is being built

by the Panama Railroad

Company

Cristobal.

For further particulars, see Appendix B.
DREDGING.

The dredging division

continued

in charge

Comber,

resident

engineer,

and

was

divided

into

two

districts,

first

ex-

tending from

deep

water in

Pacific

Gamboa

and

second

from Gamboa to deep water in the Atlantic.
The following are the principal items of floating equipment engaged
in dredging operations during the year:

Seagoing dredges

Oulebra and

Caribbean; pipe-line dredges

Nos. 4,

, 84, 85,

and 86;

15-yard

dipper dredges Gamboa and Paraiso;

5-yard dipper dredges Cardenas,

Chagres, and

Mindi; seagoing ladder

dredge

Corozal

French ladder dredges

Nos.

and

, Badger

Gopher,

and Marmot

drill barge

Teredo until July 20,

1914, and from Novem-

Teredo

rock

crusher

Vulcan;

and

from August

hydraulic grader.
9f f"

Tugs
Reliance,

)e Lesseps,
Bolivar, and

Gatun,

Cole

and

Empire,

Boca,

Mariner until May 22

Miraflores,

and

respectively,
and Goraona

when

these

two

also the tenders

tugs

were

replaced

Chame and Sanidad.

Quarantine

Bohio,

Tavernilla

.*

U,,

THE

PAXh

tL fIfi i: : t d
^K '- * - ^ ^ ^ �L ^. ^B^" *::::* *:* *::*:* *.* *:*::::a . KKKKK *::*:* *.*::::*::*
!* J JJ fm X J f - jk X :::* :*:*:*::: :*.:* :* :* :* :*:*:*::: :::* :*:*::*::*::::*:*:*: .. xxxxx^xxxxx^ xxx

Cardenas,

shares,

and

Mindi

oIU

U LUceJLU

aLt.

such

service,

was

deemed

advisable

purchase

high-power dredge, and as the Gamboa and Paraiso were givingsuch
satisfactory results, a dredge of the same type, modified as experience

indicated necessary and

January

purchase of

desirable,

was contracted for under date of

, 1915, at a cost price of $376,180.

three additional

1,000-yard

barges,

This necessitated the
for the construction

of which advertisement was issued; a contract was entered into under

date
each.

February

, 1915,

their purchase

a cost of

$62,600

dredging that was done in any part of

the canal necessary to

complete the channel to its full width and depth was charged against

construction funds

where
canal

full

was

width

opened

and

and

dredging

depth

had

done
been

in portions
secured at

commerce, became

canal

time

a proper charge

against, and was paid for from maintenance funds.

the first district,

between

deep

water in Panama Bay and

Pacific entrance,

there were excavated a total of 542,012 cubic yards,

of which 498,400 cubic yards were charged to construction work and

43,612 cubic yards were charged to maintenance.

In Miraflores Lake

49,492 cubic yards were removed,

of which

40,830 cubic yards were

charged to construction and 8,662 cubic yards were charged to main-

tenance.
lard Cut

total

6,671,183

, of which 1,960,617

cubic yards was removed from

Gail-

cubic yards were charged to construction

and

4,710,566

591,504

cubic

cubic
yards

yards w
removed

ere

charged

from

227,529 cubic yards were rock and

6,671,183

cubic

yards

removed

from

Pedro

maintenance.

Miguel

balance of

Gaillard

locks
earth,

Of
the

and

Cut, 5,559,387

the
sea,

of the
cubic

yards were rock and the balance of earth.

. The cost of removing the

material from

Cucaracha slide and

other parts of

the Cut, necessary

to secure

the full

width and

depth

the channel,

were charged

construction.

The

drill

barge

Teredo,

while

operating

Cucaracha

slide,

was

blown up and sunk in

the channel on July 20,

1914.

The drills and

machines

removed from

wreck were remounted on a remodeled

sand barge at the Paraiso shops and a new drilling outfit constructed,

named

Teredo 2.

This drill barge went into commission on Novenm-

REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR.

material which could be handled

by the dredges without mining.

During the year 294,106 pounds of dynamite were used in the first
district by this division.
The operations in the vicinity of Cucaracha slide warranted the

opening of the canal to commerce on August 15, 1914.

Work at the

slide had progressed so as to secure nearly the full width of the prism,

when on the night of October

Culebra which completely closed the channel.

for a distance of about

1914, a break occurred at East

The entire east bank

100 feet, extending back for a distance of

about 1,000 feet from the center line of the canal, settled vertically,
and the lower strata squeezed into the Cut so that at some points
there were only 9 inches of water where prior to the movement there

were 45 feet.

The canal was closed from October 14 to October 20,

when a channel was dredged to sufficient capacity for the passage of

shipping;

but

movement continued,

and

canal

was

again

closed from Octol
March 10, 1915.

er 31

to November 4, 1914, and from March 4 to

The work was delayed because of the daily necessity

of clearing up a channel to pass shipping.

As noted in the annual report for

1914, dry excavation was con-

tinued on the upper banks on both the east and west side of the Cut
in the vicinity of Culebra, as cracks had developed on some of the

benches during the preceding dry season.

The shovels were with-

drawn after the last vestige of cracks on the benches had been removed,
and it was anticipated that no further difficulty would be experienced.
An examination of the west bank made subsequent to the break of

October

14, 1914, developed the existence of cracks on both banks,

and the question of resuming steam-shovel operations on both banks
was considered seriously, but abandoned because the amount of work
that could be accomplished by the shovels would be relatively small

and the cost excessive.

The breaking up of the banks has proceeded

so rapidly that this conclusion has been fully justified.
Cucaracha slide was very active from July to October, 1914, quiet
during the dry season, and active again with the beginning of the

rainy season in April.

On the west side at Culebra the slide showed

little activity through the greater part of the year, but in June, 1915,

the general movement of the bank from stations

1771

1796 was

noticeable, and it was estimated that 5,000,000 cubic yards of mate-

28 THE PANAMA OAIALS
NA
such shoals retired dredging before the following ships could pro-
ceed .
In the second district the dredges were engaged in deepening ai
maintaining the canal channel at the Atlantic entrance. A total of

1,245,815

were

cubic

yards

construction

were

and

removed,
1,233,301

cubic

yards

12,514

were

cubic

yards

for mamut-

nance.
Island
A la
year.
93,686

The material excavated in this district was dumped at Mindi

Cristobal Mole

trge

amount

, the east breakwater, and at sea.

miscellaneous

dredging

was

For the Pacific terminals 2,718,406 cubic

cubic

yards

rock

were

removed

from

done

yards of

during

earth and

Balboa

inner

harbor by pipe-line and

ladder dredges.

The material

removed by

-a f

pipe-line dredges was used for reclaiming swamp areas
Balboa and in the San Miguel section of Panama City; that

by ladder dredges '
terminal 709,240 c
rock were removed

was to
ubic
from

wed
rards

to sea and

earth

dumped.

and

50,006

the Cristobal approach

north

removed

the Atlantic

cubic

yards

pier channel,

considerable

dredging

done

in the

vicinity

of Piers

and

Cristobal Harbor,

as well as at the turning basin at the entrance of

the old coal slip in order to make a channel for the new colliers.

the Cristobal coaling station 132,867

removed from

cubic yards of

area of the submerged storage

coral rock were
usin, 2,129 cubic

yards of

coral rock from

the east berth, 35,711

cubic yards of

coral

rock from the west berth, and 132,167

cubic yards of coral rock from

the berth and t
The dredges al
Point and Marj
the former 477
yards. As alre
core of the east

iurnmg

so

gari
,89

furnished
ita Island,

cubic

aEdy noted,

breakwater at Coco Solo

fills on fort
aggregating

and

and

coaling station.

reserve:
cubic

yard&

407,724

Toro
s; for
cubic

excavated 252,319 cubic yards of material for this purpose.

The

dredging

division

also

had

charge

production

of sand

and
pit

gravel
and th

operated

which
fhramn

sand

7 075

or construction
Chagres River

Chame

was
enhi

san<

supplies
vards

purposes

gravel
d pit
I from
were s

beds.

rom J
the C.
secured

River b
delivered

Chame sand

adder

dredge
0, after
From
storage

eds.
to

which

and

basin north

the Cristobal

ification
885,622

yards,

latter

coral sand and fingers were placed in the

the dredging division
thejf W^slo

taken f

rom the
French 1

October

ily 1
hagres
and

t

BBPORT OF THE GOVERNOR.

An hydraulic grader, similar to those in use by the Mississippi River

Commission,

was constructed and placed in commission on August

24, 1914, and was engaged in grading down the canal banks at various
localities in Gaillard Cut, Cucaracha slide, Culebra slide, and Gold

Hill.

It was also used in sluicing mud from beneath Pier 18 of the

coal reloader wharf at Balboa.
The Obispo diversion carried all the drainage water east of the
canal and between the Continental Divide and the Chagres River.

It was located near and parallel to
opposite Culebra to opposite Buena

the canal from a point about

Vista.

During the excavation

through the Cut in the dry, this diversion channel was necessary in

order to keep the excavated area from being flooded.

Its location

and elevation was such that the east bank of the canal was in danger,
and there is no question that the diversion was responsible in some

measure for some of the slides.

water was admitted

To do away with this menace after

to the canal it was decided to drain the channel

and

the lakes formed in

valleys which

the diversion channel

crossed, by excavating a series of six ditches, one to each lake.

The

material was removed by hand,

crane with clamshell bucket

, and by

sluicing with

the hydraulic grader.

A total of 21,700 cubic yards

were excavated.
SAs noted in

previous annual report,

temporary

dykes were

constructed on the south shore of Limon Bay, to protect the channel
against silting from the scour that was taking place along the shores

of the
decided
dykes.

bay.

Such satisfactory

replace

Work

was

results

temporary dykes

started

October,

were

obtained

that

was

by three permanent rock

1914,

and

completed

March, 1915.

The rock was obtained from Gaillard Cut and 7,242

cubic yards were used

on the

work.

The

northerr

of February

caused some settlement of the dykes and they had to be recrowned,
but no settlement was noticeable after the storm in April.

The outfit used and

the methods employed

as described in the

annual report of 1914, for the destruction of water hyacinths,

continued throughout the year.
plant and some valuable data obta

was

Experiments were made with the
ined, which, together with further

details concerning dredging operations, will be found in the report of

the resident engineer, hereto attached

marked

J

"C."

Hope;

fuel

nlmTn-i

THE PARAMA OAhfAL.

ni lants a Balboa and Mount Hope and a

prb p g p

: - s. Vk-Kj w^ �* MJL^

AT-A-.' IM-L.J.

small hostling establishment at Gamboa.
The general character of the work is in a state of transition from

the construction

conditions,

under which

majority

the work

was

on railroad

and

excavating

equipment,

conditions

operation, under which the amount of railroad work will be relatively

small,

and repairs on floating equipment of

such as may

come to the shops

all kinds

, together with

by vessels using the canal,

will con-

stitute the majority of the work.

In September,

1914

conditions in

Gailard

Cut

justified

the belief

that

there

would

no difficulty in

maintaining

a channel

ample

for the

which

maximum

was

traffic

that

anticipated

would

that

a large

canal,

amount

inm consequence
of the railroad

equipment would be retired.

The break which occurred in October,

however, and the unsettled freight transportation conditions hinging

thereon, made it necessary to

keep

in service

more equipment than

was anticipated, and retarded a change in

the character of the force

employed.

On the other hand

, the large amount of work to be done

dredging

shops,

and

these

division
shops,

made

as well

necessary

as the

Cristob

retain
l dry

the Paraiso
dock shops,

were employed almost exclusively on marine work.

The

new

office

building

Balboa shops

was

completed

and

occupied
clerical,
efficiency.

and

November
drafting,

1914

md

and

supervisory

permitted
forces, t

The building is a three-story

consolidation

hus

securing

greater

steel and concrete structure,

was designed not only for the mechanical division,

the captain of the port,

the pilots,

but also for

and other officials connected with

the work of entering and clearing ships.

The

Balboa

shops

were

formally

turned

over

mechanical

division on June

15, 1915.

The equipment was increased by the installation of a lathe capable

of turning large crank shaft

and

turbine rotors and long tail shafts

for vessels,
necessary

and also
punches,

by the erection of

shears,

and

plate

a pair of heavy rolls and

planers

working

plates

seven-eighths inch in thickness and heavier.
Throughout the year air for use of these shops was supplied from

nant

Balboa.

U- -- J

and

in anticipation

discontinuing

this

ft&�aM�-r; ^f-

w

REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR.

The Cristobal

dry-dock shops continued in operation during the

year.

The

amount

work

performed

dredging

division

subsequent to the slide in October gradually increased to a maximum

at the end of the year.

As already noted, a 2,500-foot electrically

driven air compressor was installed for use of these shops, and electric

drive substituted for the machines in these shops.

The dry dock was

used to keep the floating equipment of the canal in good condition,
but in addition the submarines of the first division submarine flo-

tilla, Atlantic

Fleet,

United States Navy,

were docked in October

and November, 1914, and three of the vessels were docked again in

June of this year.

The

United States Navy survey ship Leonidas

was docked in May, 1915. T
(later renamed the San Blas)

ruary

he Panaman national steamship Chitre
, was docked on January 21 and Feb-

1, 1915, and the dock was used for five vessels belonging to

private individuals and companies.
A year ago it was anticipated

that the Paraiso shops would be

closed down not later than January

1, 1915,

but the occurrence of

new Culebra slide

and

the subsequent

additional

movements

have necessitated keeping them in service.

The equipment of the

shop was intended to cover only repairs to dredging equipment which
could not be performed efficiently at the dry-dock shops at Cristobal

or Balboa.

This equipment was increased by the addition of a set

of plate rolls and a wood planer,

together with a small number of

other tools of minor importance.
For further details, as well as a statement showing the amount of
work done during the year by the various shops, attention is invited
to Appendix D.
BUILDING DIVISION.

From July

to October

1914,

the building division was con-

tinued under Mr. Frank Holmes, resident engineer, as part of the
organization of the supply department, but effective on the latter date
the division was separated from the supply department and placed

in charge of Capt.

Wood, United States Army, as constructing

quartermaster, reporting to the Governor, following which the resi-

dent engineer resigned on November 18, 1914.

Capt.

Wood resigned

on May 10, 1915, and the work of the division was turned over to Mr.

j'nnt 1If

THE

PANAMA

CANAL,

tral

district includes similar work in

and Frijoles;

territory

betwn

the southern district embraces all work south

including Ancon, Balboa, and vicinity;

and the Fort Amac

of Corozal
or distx1ot

covers

the construction

post

buildings for the Coast ArtilleryAt

Fort Amador and Naos Island.

At the beginning of the year there were under construction, in

degrees of completion, the administration

building, the hydroelectric
"T^^ W^'-^^''^*^^^^^--^'^BBfc^� T~r^^^* ^H^ S^^flt F" ^Hl-lll! �1^ ^iCMlH"^lP *?^hy d r o e le c^^ "1^

station,

four

substations,

commissary

warehouse,

radio-stationg

buildings,

twenty-seven 4-family and nine 2-family permanent quer-

ters,

mechanical shops

office

building,

fire station,

two commissary

buildings, and a schoolhouse.

and occupied within

the first h

All of these buildings were completed
alf of the year, with the exception of

the Balboa commissary,

which

was finished in May,

1915.

The

new

canal

structures

that

were

authorized

and

commenced

during the year were eleven 4-family and two 2-family concrete per-

manent quarters,

Balboa dispensary

medical storehouse, oil storage

building,
storage

two

fuel-oil

building,

pumping

public

reconst tion
reconstruction

stations,

bathhouse

Ancon

Insane

two

public

, slaughterhouse,

Asylum

Corozal,

garages, forage-

removal

dairy

and
and

farm buildings at Corozal,

10 type 17

7 type 4, and 15 type 14 frame

quarters at Balboa and Ancon,

type 17

and 1

type 10 frame quar-

ters at Corozal, and 1

type

14 frame quarters at Mount Hope, and a

number of smaller buildings and utilities.

large

from

number

Culebra,

Balboa-Ancon

Empire,
district,

frame

Gatun,

quarters

and

and reerected

different

other places,

types

were

taken

transported

in either their original

design

or under modified plans.

The total number of buildings of all types

and classes taken down and reerected amounted to 55.
The first appropriation for barracks and quarters for the Army was
$700,000, and the second appropriation available during the current

fiscal year was $1,290,000.

The first appropriation was expended in

concrete

barracks,

quarters,

and

headquarters

building;

a wagon

shed and stable of wood

, all at Fort Amador; a residence for the cornm-

manding general and modifications of buildings transferred from the

canal

the Army at Las Cascadas, Empire,

The second appropriation

will be expended in

lebra, and Gatun.
the construction of

concrete barracks and quarters for the Coast Artillerv at Fort Amador.

%

BEPOBT

THE

GOVERNOR.

work by the various trades and each trade was carried under a general
foreman as a separate unit, passing from house to house as the build-

ings

under

completion.

construction

Many

or a]

progressed
lI buildings

through

necessity

different
were in

stages
course

construction at

the same

time,

and

aside from

the general head

the work no individual foreman or other person was held responsible

for the ultimate cost of. the building.

Such an arrangement seemed

in the light of experience to be open to question, so that after Novem-

ber it was decided to undertake the construction

of future buildings

on what might be termed a single unit organization for each building.
Each was put in charge of a foreman who had a general and diversi-

fled

experience,

and

while

special

trades

were

retained

they

worked

under

this

foreman

and

were

responsible

him

amount of work accomplished

while in his

building.

The result

shown

by the costs

under the second method

compared

with

those

under the first method, indicate that the conditions of service peculiar

to the Isthmus required

a change in system

of some kind.

Part of

the apparent saving and reduction in cost is undoubtedly due to

experience gained

and

natural improvement

as men

became

more experienced in this class of work.

Comparison
and reinforced

block

of unit costs

concrete,

construction is

the concrete

leads

cheapest,

blocks,

conclusion

providing the

poured

that

concrete

the concrete-

plastering

can

accomplished at a moderate cost.

On the Isthmus where the skilled

labor cost for this

work is

very

high

poured

concrete construction,

with the walls rubbed, finished,
Two hospital buildings are to

and painted, is the cheaper.

be undertaken

, one at Colon,

which

was begun in June,

1915, and the other at Ancon.

For further particulars attention is invited to Appendix G.

OPERATION

AND

MAINTENANCE.

close

previous

fiscal

year Cucaracha slide

was

only obstacle to the passage of ships.

During July,

1914

a channel

had been dredged through the obstruction 150 feet wide and of suffi-

cient

draft

pass

vessels

drawing

not

m excess

feet.

dredges were excavating material faster than it was falling in,

tlhipan aonmarl wno lflrallinonA

The
and

th.t ann firtthr rnnxrnmfn.c nt. tha alila

canal to commerce on August 15. 1914. Durlig the balance of the

year vessels passed daily

November

periods

canal

914,
was

except from October"

and

from March 4

closed

by reason

4

p

10,
the

to 20 Octobe P
1915 during which......
*'*L H ' ^ -.^-.. - ..-N
-^�- * * * s ** *

break

the

which occurred at East Oulebra on October

Settlement occurred of Gatun Dam, particularly that portion ws

of the spillway over the diversion channel.

As this had settled below

grade, it was decided in February to raise same to full height,

allowance for future settlement,

with

thereby giving employment to some

of the employees whose services would be dispensed with on account

suspension

work

on the

east

breakwater.

total

67,581

cubic yards of material, rock on the outside,

clay in the center,

were

placed

rock was procured from the borrow pit west of the dam, and

clay from a borrow pit north of the dam.

The

Mindi

Levee,

constructed

keep

discharge

from

spillway having access to the canal below the Gatun Locks,

was the

source of trouble, due to the current of the discharge, and to the poor

material on
During the

which

the levee is founded and used in its construction

year 86,199 cubic yards were dumped on

the levee,

material

being

obtained

from

west

borrow

pit.

The maintenance work

on the locks

was

performed for the most

part by the lock operating forces while not engaged in making lock-

ages,

and the maintenance of the channels by the dredging division,

as already

noted.

After accepting the floating caisson, it was used for unwatering the
locks at Miraflores for the purpose of cleaning and painting the miter

gates and the rising stem valves.

The inspection

that was made of

machinery

revealed

fact

that

galvanic

action

was

taking

place in

the salt water between metals of different kinds.

Tests are

being made with

preservative coatings having insulating properties,

and it is hoped that this action can be eliminated.

The rising stem

valves

were

coated

with

bitumastic

enamel.

The gate valves and fixed irons of the Pacific Locks were painted.

Experiments have
most satisfactory

been made with va
coating thus far has

rious kinds of paints,

but the

been bitumastic enamel,

and

a contract was entered into with

the American Bitumastic Enariels

to paint all the submerged parts of the lock gates structures, and

xxx xx xxxx x

EBBPORT

THE

GOVERNOR.

readiness for the approaching vessel

locomotives

are attached,

generally four in

battleship

number

or ships

on ships

exceptional

less

than 300 feet and

size.

The

ships

eight on
handled

through the locks by a lock pilot,

who works

in cooperation with the

towing locomotive operators, and directs their movements by signals

from the ship.

During the lockages the ships'

engines are used only

assist

locomotives

min starting

and

stopping

ship.

The

various operations are under the control of the operators in the con-
trol houses, and the course of the lockages is followed by tunnel oper-

ators,
early.

who stand by to see that all parts of the machinery work prop-

Tandem lockages,

two ships in the same chamber at the same

time, are made, but have been limited in number by the towing loco-

motives available.
to avoid undue dela

The

lighting

Parallel blockages are made only in emergencies,

ys

system

vessels.

on the

lock

walls

is satisfactory

and

with

trained lock

pilots

no special

operations and no appreciable

Several instances have occurred
in tying up to the approach piers.

difficulty is experienced
time lost.

where vessels have had

during night

difficulty

At the upper entrance this diffi-

culty has come generally from high winds, especially with ships that

not handle easily

lower

entrances

difficulty

is due

principally to the discharge or on account of

currents caused by the

meeting

fresh

and

salt

water

when

gates

opened.

facilitate arrival of ships at the lower entrance the gates are left open
as long as possible, so that the currents may die out before the arrival
of the ship.
The number of lockages made at Gatun during the year was 1,216,

of which

1,066

were for commercial

vessels

at Pedro

Miguel,

1.260

lockages were performed

of which 1,085 were for commercial vessels;

and at

Miraflores

there

were

1,236 operations,

of which

1,085

were

commercial

vessels.

For further particulars attention is invited to Appendix A.

Capt.

Hugh

Rodman

United

States

Navy

as marine

supennrm-

tendent, was charged with the entry, conduct of vessels through The

Panama

Canal

and

clearing

them

after

transit,

together

with

supervision of the port captains, bo
the operation of lights and beacons,

ard of local inspectors,

and

the pilots,

the inspection and admeas-

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

addition,

the captains

ports

have

enideavore

their offices the centers of information on all matters relati
ping and in their offices at each end of the canal branch hy
offices were established.

few

principal

nmmn(
one

changes

were

made

being the rearrangement of

aids

navigation,

bea cons in

the
DDii- ' i.r''sa.Iop
I- II i i- iii-
LUO!

theout 4

pairs, one opposite the other, at all turns and in the middle of the
reaches. The characteristics of some of the lights were also chai

Signal stations were estabi
interior control of canal traffic

ished

at Gamboa and La Pita for he

, and at the terminal ports for reporting

and recording arrivals and departures.

Mooring

stations

were

established

Gamboa

and

Empire

Sthe
the*

former is

were

permanent,

made necessary

but

latter

on account of

is temporary.
the slides, altI

These

Lough

station

the former

will be used when necessary for mooring temporarily southbound yes-

sels

avoid

passing

others

northbound

the Cut.

The dolphin

berth at Balboa was extended and strengthened.

During the

period

the canal was in

operation,

530 vessels, repr-

sending a net Panama Canal tonnage of 1,884,728 and cargo tonnage

2,125,735,

vessels,

were

representing

passed

through

from

a net Panama Canal

north

south;

tonnage of

and

1,958,307

558
and

cargo tonnage of 2,844,057, from south to north.

The

tugs

and

motor

boats

general

service

were

consolidated

under the captains of the ports of the two terminals.
The Panama Canal act defines and sets forth the basis upon which

tolls

may

November 21

levied,
, 1913,

and

under

Panama

President's

Proclamation

Canal rules of measurement were

set forth,
November

and rates
13, 1912.

were

fixed

by the

presidential

proclamation

The

Panama

Canal rules

were

clear

and

were

based

on the

principle o
prepared b4
the purpose
legislative

taxing the
Dr. Emory

earning

capacity

Johnson,

He was also expected

committees,

acting

ship.

They

were

who was specially employed for
to keep in close touch with the

in an advisory

capacity

them

the question of ships'

measurements

, so that, upon the passage of the

Panama Canal act it was assumed that he was fully conversant with

the intent of Congress. and h

D reared

the substance of

the nri-

>r

**: .

BEBORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR.

we learned that Dr. Johnson was aware of the discrepancy, notwith-
standing which, he presented his rules of measurement and rates of

tolls for promulgation
fusion has been the or

the shipping interests of

'der of the day in

consequence.

world.

Con-

The amounts

collected in excess of that authorized by law will have to be refunded,

and while this will reduce

the revenues received

this matter is still

small

comparison

with

difficulty

arriving

a clear-cut

system of measurement applicable to all cases that arise on the canal,
when the net registered tonnage is dependent not only upon law but

upon rulings and decisions of the Commissioner of Navigation,

whose

dictum in any particular case is final.

These rules

, findings,

and laws

are made with a view to reduce the discrepancies in harbor dues, etc.,

United

Canal

when

States.

They are

they should not

made
Their

applicable
application

The

on the

Panama
Isthmus

has resulted in discrimination as

between ships,

causing friction and

bitterness,

and instances have arisen

where

the application discrimi-

nates

matter
hereto

in favor

is discussed

attached,

foreign

ships

greater

marked

against

length
and tl

American

Capt.

matter

ships.

Rodman's

will

This

report,

made

subject of

a separate report,

with

hope

that legislation may

secured which will bring about laws and regulations governing meas-

urements for the canal

which

will

eliminate

the discrimination

that

now exists.

The annual report

board

admeasurers

and

that for the

board

of local

inspectors

is appended

hereto

marked

"E-1"

and

respectively.

For further particulars concerning the operation and maintenance

of the canal, attention is invited

to Appendices A and E.

SUPPLY DEPARTMENT.

The supply department has charge of the storage and distribution

material

employees;

and
and

supplies fc
for other

use of

The

departments

Panama Canal

United

and

States

the Isthmus and

their employees;

for vessels of

United States,

and for

other vessels

when

desired

them.

It operates commis-

series, hotels, and messes;

I

* *

has charge of the maintenance of buildings

J

1

1

- 1

t/* '-.f j~ :^' a^ a, jn.rrW r r4 - rt -.,jfl t-, 4- a^ f . jy a - C�-it- a^ nwj~ af b-k r.J n^ a- :~. ja /-C -* j-nfl t% i * W -r* j^ " * *- *�*tj A-b *fl*t� - *W- tt^

"E,"

"E-2,"

w it

88 . THE PANAMA OANAL.

The medical storehouse was transferred to the health de art-
ment on July 1 1914 together with its personnel as it develop d
ht at it could be operated at less expense by the latter department

S-k ~ w - e - ,4� r^ *^ - ' - - - -- -^ - - ---r1 - .- - x - - -- - -v -- ^^r -

With t
privately

chase,

he depopulation

owned
lasit

lands, 4
seemed

the Canal Zone and

certain pl
desirable

antations

were

continue

the acquisitions

secured

tp

cultivation

ur-
of

these farms for the production of

cocoa, bananas, oranges, and pine-

apples, a horticulturist was employed and
supply department in December, 1914.

this work assigned

to the

Due

of the canal and

continuance

construction

work

on the

dredging operations in Gaillard Out,

tenninals
there was

only

a slight

decrease

in the

force

work

on June

1915,

compared with

the previous year,

the exact figures

being 26,897

this fiscal year as compared with 29,673 for the previous year.

for
The

largest force working at any time was in July,
was 32,437.

1914,

when

the total

The

labor

conditions

were

favorable

throughout

year,

and

common labor was particularly in excess of the demand.

An effort

was made

to repatriate the unemployed,

but without much success;

the total number furnished transportation for this purpose was 6,773.

Quarters.-The

settlements

west

side

canal

were

abandoned

, so far

as their use

canal

employees

was

concerned,

at the end of the calendar year

1914.

The offices, together with the

personnel,

at Empire and Culebra

were removed

new admin-

istration

building,

Balboa

Heights,

September

1914.

The

town

Empire

November 25,

was

1914

abandoned

and

and

taken

over

buildings at Culebra

by the Army on
were made avail-

able

for use

concentration

tion

acute,

and

the Army
offices at
on June S

and

occupied

on March

Balboa Heights made

, 1915,

there

were

, 1915.

The

the quarters ques-
4 applications for

family

quarters.

The

total

number

men,

occupying Panama Canal quarters at the end

15,074.

The

abandonment of

women,
of the fi

the Corozal settlement

and

children

seal year was
to make way

for the Army is causing a hardship on canal employees, and although

additional

apartments

were

authorized

An con-Balboa

district,

this

will

not

sufficient

supply

gold

force
fre
0n~~

with

married

quarters.

It was

anticipated

that

with

quarters

an

I

REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR.

Railroad Company and is to be located at Balboa.

The amount of

coal and fuel oil handled far exceeds expectations, as does the handling

of transferred freight and

cargo.

Thus

the force

required

two

terminals will be probably in

excess of the decrease that will

result by the termination of the construction work.
There is still a congestion in silver family quarters in La Boca,

where

there are over

applications on file,

and

this

condition

obtains in

other districts of

the Canal Zone.

were authorized for silver employees

at Pedro

Eighty
Miguel,

apartments

and

when

these are completed it will partially relieve conditions at Paraiso and
Pedro Miguel.
Under authority of Executive Order No. 2120, dated January 15,
1915, a rental was charged for all quarters, fuel, and electric current,

effective March 1, 1915.

A schedule of rents was adopted with the

expectation of realizing a sufficient amount to pay for the necessary

repairs

the existing

quarters.

Executive order of May 25,

1915, the order of January 15, 1915, was suspended until July 1,1916.

Corrals.-The

demand

teams

and

wagon

transportation

throughout the year was great, with the result that all animals were

worked to their full capacity.

As nearly all of the animals have been

on the work for a number of years, quite a large proportion became

unserviceable and unfit for further use.
during the year 6 horses and 40 mules.

There died or were destroyed
It is proposed to substitute

motor trucks and wagons for animal transportation.

Material

and

supplies.-The

policy

limiting

stock

so far

possible was continued, and

the value of material received

during

the fiscal year was $8,018,418.03, as compared with $11,116,395.10

for the preceding year.

Local purchases amounted to $1,360,469.71,

as compared with $2,293,144.66 for the fiscal year 1914.

Local pur-

chases of

coal dropped from $929,176.57

to $543,055.36, and local

purchases of oil dropped from $863,206.66 to $609,760.37.

The main storehouse at Balboa, building No. 5,

September,

was completed in

1914, and while a considerable amount of material had

already been moved into the building prior to completion, the con-
centration of the stock of supplies was not completed until after the

building was finished.

All of the active stock was transferred from

Mount Hope to Balboa, and the value of material moved was approxi-

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

cent

Trojan

powder,

total

va

The building was valued at $7,788.70,

a aI

S
V ><\tO ~

lue of which was 51,987.53.
and was totally wrecked o

cause for

explosion

is known.

Scrap.-Due to the poor condition of the scrap market during the

year no sale of

iron

or steel

scrap car wheels were sent to

was made,

New

though

York in orde

three shipment "
r to furnish ballas
r ' . ;f-; :

Panama

Railroad

steamers.

There

approximately

24,60

gross tons of

classified American scrap

iron and steel and 6,000 tons

of scrap rail now min storage.
The contract with the Chicago House Wrecking Co., dated Septe-

ber 26, 1911, for all French scrap on the Isthmus,

subj ect of controversy for several years,

which has been the

was finally closed in Decen-

ber,

1914

, by The Panama Canal agreeing to

turn over to

that coin-

pany four hundred 12
copper and brass, and

-yard

dump cars and

700,000 pounds of scrap

Wrecking Co. relinquished

all claim to the French scrap they had collected and stored at Mount
Hope.
The sales of surplus and retired equipment and material were made

under the same authority
year. The principal item
locomotives. Decauville 1

as was in effect during the previous fiscal
s consisted of steam shovels, narrow-gauge

ocomotives

, dump

cars,

star

drills,

relay

rail and narrow gauge dump cars.
gated $2,000,149.10.

The total amount received aggre-

Some locomotives,

steam shovels,

pile drivers,

shop

and

machines

cars,

and sm

together
all tools,

were turned over to the Al
Subsistence.-The supply

askan Railway Commission.

department continued

operation

Washington,

Tivoli,

line restaurants, and of the laborers'

and
aesses

is owned by the Panama Railroad Company

Aspinwall Hotels,

The Hotel Washington
the remainder are sup-

ported
resulted

by The Panama Canal.

L

in a decrease

The falling off

m revenues

Tivoli

the tourist traffic

and

Washington

Hotels from 1914

of $72,158.69.

During the year there was a net loss

of $1,974.16 in the operation

profit

$21,271.25

during

the Hotel

previous

Tivoli, as

year.

comp
The

ared with
Aspinwall

Hotel was operated at a loss of

$1,409.89,

but in the period between

Jaminrll r

1 anrn .Tnon qfl

1Q1P l) not. nrTnfit. Sf StRl fMA wca mnas

40

the Chicago House

with

a miscellaneous assortment of

in charge of

0SI

.*ii

KKKK
0

. " .IL " **

-r

*

REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR.

difficulties the cafeteria plan

on Septetiber

1914.

after being in operation for a

was established
is impossible to
while it seemed

at the Cristobal

satisfy

everyone,

Hotel

but

the needs more

satisfactorily than the old table d'h6te system, so that it was extended

the Balboa Hotel on July

of this year.

Cafeteria lunch rooms

were opened,
September U

one in

the basement of

the administration building on

, 1914, and another at the Balboa shops on January 8,

1915.

The

Ancon

Hotel

was

restaurant on December

opened

1914,

and

as a quick
the Pedro

order

a la

Miguel Hotel

carte

was

turned into a quick lunch continuous service restaurant on June

1915.

Complaint

was

made

that

new

system

necessitated

higher cost to

the patrons, and

to secure data on

this point a record

was kept for a limited period in April,

1915.

From

this data it was

learned

that the average breakfast at Cristobal cost

4 cents,

average lunch 29.71

cents

, and the average dinner 31.42 cents,

or an

average per meal per patron of 27.9 cents.

At the Ancon Hotel

average breakfast cost

19.5 cents,

the average lunch 33

cents,

and

the average dinner 39.4 cents, or an average per meal per patron

30.7

cents.

The net revenue

for the

year for the line

hotels

and

messes

was

$748,239.05,

a decrease of $283,950.46 from

the last year,

while

total

cost

operation

was

$726,774.07

a decrease

$295,082

or a profit of $21,464.98

but charges for

building repairs,

fuel, and

lights were not included for the entire year, and no charge was made
for the equipment.

Mount

Hope

$3,301.10 was

printing

purchased

plant.-New
and installed,

equipment

value

principal items of which

were a ruling machine and a pony

Whitlock press.

equipment on hand as of June 30, 1915,

was $36,529.31

The value of the

the value of

the stock on hand at the close of the year was $45,198.38;

the value

material

issued

during

year,

$83,111.94

and

value

material used in manufacture, $37,053.09.

were invited on

In several instances bids

various printing jobs, both from commercial firms in

the United
ton, and in

States and

the Government Printing Office,

Washing-

each case the cost of doing the work on the Isthmus was

under the lowest bid received.

nnhQ a .nih ;aTfr fiQnn

n _- t

a^ *-^ a''h- - 4- Ct T-

D ~ .-' V a'T *-Wa- a

J-' a"L

'* *E* � f * j_ -ll MnEtE|** E I * . r f iJ * * * - E *ru* * * l* | .* tA EU Z*"*u**-

'hma~aa ale: na t allIes eineua'a auaa

TH

plan for
offices of

the
the

permanent
auditor,

0O

�ay

EPANAMA CANAL.

ganization adopted April 1, 1
master, and collector were moved from

y
Empire to Balboa Heights the latter part of August, 1914.

missary
Culebra

accounting

and

office

offices of

at
th

Cristobal,

3

local

cost-keeping

auditor

and

local

The wa-n
office at

treasurer of

Panama

Railroad Company at Colon were consolidated with the

accounting department in October, and the positions of local auditor

and

local

treasurer

Panama

Railroad

Company

abolished,

Subsequently

counting

coupons

commissaries was trans-

ferred to the department.
The auditor's office is now organized as follows:
The accounting bureau keeps the general books of the canal, does
the cost keeping for The Panama Canal and Panama Railroad, except

for the shops,

and

accounting for the commissaries and for the

general
audits

stores

collections

supply

, Canal Zone,

department.

clubhouse,

The
and

auditing

coupon

bureau

accounts

and has charge of

the force of

time inspectors.

The claims

bureau

examines all

pay rolls and

vouchers and handles freight claims and

claims

arising

under

injury

compensation

act.

The

railroad,

accounting bureau is organized

take carq of the bookkeeping and

auditing of

railroad

which

could

consolidated

with any

similar work performed for The Panama Canal.

The general inspec-

tion bureau examines the records kept by all employees receiving or

having

custody

money

or coupon

books

and

supervises

transfer of accounts whenever changes are made.
The accounting for collections is governed by section 5 of the sun-

dry

civil act of August

, 1914, section

3 of the sundry

civil act of

March 3

1915

and

the regulations promulgated by the President in

accordance

therewith.

The

order

provides

that

detailed

collection

vouchers need not

be furnished for all collections;

that instead

two

employees,

ment

and

one
one

from
from

the office of

office

Auditor for the

Comptroller

War
the

Depart-
reasury,

shall be detailed semiannually to make such examination of the rec-

ords

and

accounts of

collections of

The

Panama

Canal for

the six

months just prior to

the examination as may be necessary to enable

them to prove the correctness of the collections not supported by col-

election

vouchers in

detail for the period

examined.

The first detae

p

REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR.

tolls amounting to $80,872.79 were levied on

vessels of the United

States- colliers,

transports, etc.-which

passed

through

the canal,

but under a recent decision of the Attorney General these will not be
paid.
The excess of tolls collected over the current charges for the year

was $214,833.21,

and for the entire

period

to June 30,

1915

excess was $68,843.37.

This, however, does not represent the actual

financial condition, for the Attorney General decided that the maxi-
mum tolls collectible on any vessel is the amount derived from the

net registered

tonnage under

United States measurement rules

$1.25 per net ton, so that large refunds will have to be made, as the

difference

between

the amount collected

under the Panama Canal

rules and the amount properly

collectible under the law has

been

found to exceed $1,000 in the case of several vessels, and it is roughly
estimated that the total refunds may aggregate $400,000, which will

show an excess of operating expenses over collections.

Refunds can

not be made, however, until Congress makes an appropriation there-
for, as the amounts collected as tolls were covered into the Treasury
as miscellaneous receipts.
All claims for damages to vessels passing through the locks were

adjusted by mutual agreement, as authorized

by section 5 of the

Panama Canal act; $1,878.45 were paid on this account.
Under the agreement with the Republic of Panama which requires
the reimbursement to the United States for expenditures connected

with the construction,

operation, and maintenance of waterworks,

sewers, and pavements in the cities of Panama and Colon, the ex-

penditures to June 30, 1915,

in Panama,

were $1,879,282.75, and in

Colon

$1,744,318.87,

total

$3,623,601.62,

including

accrued

interest to date, at the rate of 2 per cent per annum on the capital

cost

balance and

on the

proportionate cost of waterworks

in the

Canal Zone used for supplying water to the two cities, based upon

the quantity

of water

consumed.

For

work in

Panama

this

interest has amounted to $217,310.37

260.76.

and for work in Colon $172

There have been reimbursed to the United States $1,480,

597.36, leaving a balance of $2,143,004.26 still due.
Hotel books to the number of 9,722 and 589,297 commissary coupon

books were issued for pay-roll deduction,

for which $136,298.43 for

44m./

THE

hotel books in November,

PANAMA

1914.

CANAL.

Commissary coupons

f o $3 948 102.59 were honored at the comnussanes.

The periodical examination of the accounts of the 200 officers and
employees having the collection, custody, and disbursement of
ne d the iasue and custfodlv of coupon books and other ites

moL.JAJA)J y L t&

^JUnt, an. c^^-l '-r *waf^'

*- -w -A-

having a money value,

was continued throughout the year.

The total disbursements on the Isthmus on account of salary

wages of
items, an
disbursed

employees of The Panama Canal, and

mounted

$20,835,301.92;

paymaster

in addition,

on account

on account of

$6, 003 ,824.0

Panama

otheot
Were
ilroad.

Disbursements in

United States amounted

ti

a total of $33,333,802.34 for The Panama Canal.

o $12,498,500.142, or
The collector also

disbursed $3,972,922.56 on account of the Canal Zone, money orders,

postal savings, and

clubhouse funds.

The total regular collections during the year amounted to $10,637,-

666.40
998.37

of which $5,977,431.97 were repaid to appropriations, $4,357,-

were

collected

as tolls

and

$302,236.06

were

collected

other miscellaneous receipts.
derived from the sale of cons

The

reduction

outside

Of this last amount $223,896.86 were
truction.material and equipment.

business

enterprises

within

Canal

Zone continued during the year, thereby depleting the Zone revenues,
and Congress made provision for the payment of all expenses of the

schools, post offices, ma
direct appropriation for

gistrates courts,

civil

revenues derived from rentals

etc.

government,

taxation

, of the Canal Zone,

with

result

that

, court fees and fines,

postal

receipts,

and interest on bank balances which have been used to meet

these expenses,

cellaneous

will hereafter

receipts.

$168,078.64 in 1914

$110,732.23
provements

service

to
and

$93,560.

The

be .covered into

miscellaneous

to $90,532.69 in

$96,151.
I schools
54. The

The

audited

amounted

number

1915;

revenues

Treasury as mis-
decreased from

the postal revenues from

expenditures
$195,327.06;

money

orders

issued

public im-
the postal

deoreased

from

198.009 in

1914

170.558 in

1915, including the orders issued

without fees in lieu of postal savings certificates issued

years.

The

total

money-order

and

postal-savings

during prior

business

for the

year amounted to $5,657,282.84.

nana l

Anhhmana

runnival

total

revenue

5018 400 48

* *I *- r .ns. * -n-s * .* . S * *Sf * jk *Us c-s in U * y� 1 1 3 *ji &J azr *Js. a._* 'J *. tJU as .ir a a s a

1

,o the vale

**^*l;'

*

-w v .. .....

V VV J v--if M*^ w j -

REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR.

who sustained short-term injuries are fairly well compensated and the

inducement

account

malingery

injuries

was

removed.

$41,871.91,

The

and

amount
account

allowed

deaths

$43,017.71, total of $84,889.62.

To June 30, 1915, there has been

paid to employees of The Panama Canal on account of injury corn-

sensation, including 838,718.37

allowed under special acts of Con-

gress, a total of $1,269,458.69.
The inspection of time books and work of timekeepers in the field
was continued with a reduced force.
Congress has appropriated for the canal a total of $394,399,149.02

to June 30, 1915.

Of this amount $14,689,873.30 were for fortifica-

tions, $750,000 cover three annual payments of $250,000 each to the
Republic of Panama, $6,000 is for the expense of presenting the

steam launch Louise to

the French

Government,

$6,440,000

were

appropriated for the operation, maintenance, and civil government

the canal and

the Canal Zone

for the fiscal

year

1916,

while

$4,289,159 were used for operating and maintaining the canal to the
end of the fiscal year 1915, and $2,225,000 is the amount of stock on
hand paid from construction funds that will be required for the main-
tenance of the canal and properly chargeable against operation and

maintenance.

This leaves an amount of $365,999,116.72 which has

been appropriated for the construction of the canal and its adjuncts.

This

amount,

less

$2,000,000

appropriated

colliers,

$363,999,116.72, is the amount
ized bond issue of $375,200,900.

chargeable against the total author-
Up to June 30, 1915, $6,563,067.88

were returned to the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts other than col-
lections on account of tolls. This amount deducted from the avail-

able

appropriations

construction,

namely,

$363,999,116.72,

leaves $357,436,048.84 as the amount expended for the canal, includ-

ing the amount available for work still in progress.

This total cost

of the canal and its adjuncts will be reduced by receipts from the sale
of construction material and equipment, payments by the Republic

of Panama for the amount expended in the cities of Panama

and

Colon on account of waterworks, sewers, and pavements, and by the
value of buildings and other public works, and equipment and plant
transferred to the Army and the Alaskan Railway Commission with-

out any actual navment therefore.

Tn addition

therA will hn1 A n-n.

THU PANAMA

CANALS

shown in detail in accounting department Table No. 6.

expenses,

including the expenses of

civil government

anda

A0 overhead
*

sanita-

tion,
The

have
units

exception
*xn

been

distributed

construction

dredging

breakwater at Colon,

comprismin

excavation

were

an

practically

vaxiou
gthe
d the

units
canTl

. " h !

cons truetion

proper,

construction

completed

prior to

with

the

Stheeas
thisfiscal

year, the charges made during the year being principally for shing

and for belated charges.

n Gaillard Cut 1,960,617

cubic yards were

removed at an average division cost of $0.4226 per cubic yard;

Atlantic entrance

12,514 cubic

at the

yards at an average division cost of

$0.3169 per cubic yard;

average division

cost of

in Miraflores Lake 40,810 cubic yards at an

$0.2595

per cubic

yard,

and at

the Pacieo

entrance 498,400 cubic yards at an average division cost of 80.4820

per cubic yard.

In addition,

channel at the Atlantic entrar

division
cubic ya:
in Mirafl

cost of $0.1017 per c
rds at an average div
ores Lake 8,662 cubic

there were removed in maintaining the
ice 1,233,301 cubic yards at an average
&Jd VJ

ubic
vision

yard; i
cost of

SGaillar(
$0.3467

i

Cut 4,710,566

per cubic yard;

yards at an average division

cost of

80.2601 per cubic yard, and at the Pacific entrance 43,612 cubic yards

at an average division cost of $0.1979 per cubic yard.

tion

dredging in

Gaillard

Cut cost an

average of

$0.4

The construe-
226 per cubic

yard, and the average division cost of excavation by steam shovels in
that section to June 30, 1914, was $0.7066 per cubic yard, a difference

$0.2840

cubic

yard

favor

excavation

in the

wet.

practically all the dredging this year was done at Cucaracha, the cost
of excavating in the dry at that point would have been much higher
than the average of all previous dry excavation in Gaillard Out, due

the large expense of maintaining tracks in the slide.

During the

fiscal year just ended the division expenses for the construction of the

east

breakwater

Colon

were

$1,185,348.51,

making

a total

$1,561,674.37

date.

During

fiscal

year

$48,458.19

were

expended in filling in low places in

were

charged

maintenance, and

the Gatun Dam

in surfacing

, which expenses
e backfill at the

locks at Gatun

and

$19,207.87

, Pedro Miguel, and Miraflores, $32,742.32,

respectively

these

latter

items

being

$20,631.20,
charged to

construction.
To the and of the fiscal year there had been expended for the con-

REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR.

main dry dock, $883,036.35 for the construction of the coaling plant,

$376,036.35 for the excavation

the entrance

basin

the dry

dock and

coaling plant,

$2,788,221.14 for the construction

shops, $165,135.17 for the construction of the shop office building,

$511,566.08 for the construction

the storehouses

, $1,605,466.65

for the construction of the quay walls and pier, and $241,636.83 for
the construction of the fuel-oil plant and for dredging a berth for
the oil ships.

In the preparation of

the permanent townsites,

there

have

been

expended to the end of the fiscal year $927,678.68 for the town of

Balboa-Ancon,

$116,672

Pedro

Miguel,

$151,986.63

Boca, $53,062.30 for Cristobal, and $13,694.07 for Gatun, a total of

$1,263,094.50.

Expenditures at Cristobal and Gatun were wholly for

underground duct lines

and

street-lighting systems,

while those

the other towns include roads, sewers, water mains, etc.
There have been expended to the end of the fiscal year $2,827,383.74

for permanent buildings,

distributed among

various classes of

buildings

follows: Administration

building,

Balboa

Heights,

$923,294.49; other office buildings, $671.76; storehouses, $57,206.07

dwellings for gold employees,

concrete,

$1,085,750.08, new wooden

buildings
dwellings
$10,194.91

$17,459.65;

silver

miscellaneous

reerected
employees,

buildings,

wooden

buildings,

$193,004.71; hotels

$229,541.02;

and

messes,

$107,171.69; health-department

buildings, $183,883.76; and $19,205.60 for designing and drafting.
The above amounts are the direct division costs and do not include
overhead expenses.
During the fiscal year the gravel plant at Gamboa produced 377,871

cubic yards of sand and gravel

an average cost of $0.7104 per

cubic yard.
Since January 2, 1915, when the electric power producing system

was permanently placed in operation,

there have been distributed

13,965,587 K.

W.H.

The average cost of production per K. W. H.

has been $0.0067 and the average distributed cost $0.0099.
For further details attention is invited to Appendix H.
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.
The department embraces the various civil functions nertainin2

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

1914,

and September

1914,

the general

administrative

the canal were transferred from Culebra, Empire,
new administration building at Balboa Heights, E

1914, tl
likewise

e general
located i

offices

the new

Panama

building.

and Anm

md

Railroad

Incident to

on O

Comp
this ch

scope of the executive office broadened very materially and,

the original plan as outlined in

for th(
work

eB

fiscal year ended June 30,

the report of the executive

1914, practically all of t

(with the exception of the accounting department),

handled by the different departments and

divisions

offices o|il
on fB e "
ctober T1
atny wer
tan1ge,th
following
secretaryh
he clerical
previously
S ,* :!rB' *XH�* - "*"
l^ThKN:LF ^ ~ ^ ^j^ ^^*iH ^KKKKKK
^- ^ r " ~ r ^ ^ -'^ 'i *p Tlr B^ f-PNf: j K K K K K

, was assigned t

executive

office

force.

became

necessary,

therefore,

to su

stantially increase the force of the executive office in order to han e

the work properly

This consolidation of the clerical forces under the

executive office was accomplished by the transfer of

employees from

other departments and divisions
total force.

and

resulted

in a reduction

The

following

bureaus

were

established

on a permanent

basis,

under direction of the executive secretary,

assisted by the chief clerk

Correspondence

bureau.-This

bureau

furnishes stenographic

and

typewriting

service

Sfor

offices

administration

building;

prepares monthly and annual reports, estimates, and statistical

and does such other clerical work as it may be called upon

bureau

handles all matters

data;

to perform.

pertaining

the personnel of The Panama Canal and the Panama Railroad Com-
pany.

Record
Panama

bureau.--This

Canal

and

bureau
Panama

tas charge
Railroad;

records

indexing

The

and

filing

of papers;

receiving and mailing all

correspondence, and transmittal

of all papers between offices; the consolidation of records; the indexing
and filing of maps and drawings; the Panama Canal library; the pub-

location

circulars;

and

supervision

executive

office

printing plant.
Timekeeping

bureau.-This

bureau

charged

with

keeping

time of all employees of The Panama Canal and the Panama Railroad
Company, the issuance of coupon books, and the preparation of force

reports.
P9.w.. AA

flA a1

nomaindrt/1jm �/ ~v

ssA ums JPhim

hkrann 1

Whawarl

* *rES .. *.V.-.. NM 9S9.SS.S N. -Nr 9 'SSS rN 'S-z9~~ -9-�rS. S f'rzSa rWs 9Z9 -"" Sm * * * r^ * *s* -.y * Snu * a WSr . A * JtJ.a 3rn a~t w .5SI3:*

Personnel bureau.-This

REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR.

DIVISION

OF CIVIL AFFAIRS.

Effective July 1, 1914, the division of posts was incorporated with

the division of civil affairs.

The Canal Record was transferred to

the division of civil affairs July 22, 1914.
Customs bureau.---Since the canal was opened to traffic there has

been a gradual increase in shipping at Balboa and Cristobal.

The

total number of vessels entered at the two ports was 2,135, the total

number of vessels cleared 2,125.
provide simple rules for the entry

Customs regulations intended to
and clearing of vessels and the

releasing of cargo, with due regard for the interests of the Republic
of Panama, but without impairing the complete administrative juris-
diction of the government of the Canal Zone over the terminal ports,

were published in July and August, 1914.
the direction of the greater simplicity in

They were amended in
the following November.

These regulations meet all present requirements and can be readily

amplified when occasion requires,

The President, in his Executive

order of January 27,

1914,

provided

that

the executive secretary

should in person, or through one of his assistants, perform the duties

of a shipping commissioner.

In conformity with this order, the chief

of the division of civil affairs was designated shipping commissioner
for the Canal Zone and the customs inspectors at Balboa and Cristobal

were designated deputy shipping commissioners. Th
seamen shipped on American vessels during the year
men discharged. Relief was afforded shipwrecked sean
was taken to discourage desertion and apprehend d

ere were 1,033

and

941 sea-

aen, and action

[eserters.

The

customs bureau has continued,

with the assistance of the police, to

administer

President

Executive

order

January

1908,

extending to the Canal Zone certain Chinese exclusion laws of the

Republic of Panama.

Customs inspectors have inspected and sealed

2,828 cases of household goods shipped by employees to the United

States and have certified

945 invoices covering other shipments to

the United States.
Administration of estates.-During the year 268 estates of deceased
and insane employees of The Panama Canal and the Panama Railroad
Company were administered, and there were 14 estates in course of set-

tlement on June 30.1915.

Of the estates settled, 174 were delivered to

50 .aaraAc n
O0 THE PANAMA CANAL. s!

Licenses and taxes.-By the provisions of the Executive ordtrof
- e - - - -a -o A

the president,

dated

October

, 1914, license

and

laws o0 the

Canal Zone
reduced and
bian r6gim

were

revised

so that

many

the fees

and rates e

some taxes which had been inherited front the olo

were

abolished

complete statement

the license e

issued and taxes collected during the fiscal year will be found included

in statement of Canal Zone revenues

printed as an appendix to the

auditor's report.

Postal

service.-There

were

post

offices

in operation

the.

beginning and at the close of the fiscal year.

One new office, Balboa

Heights,

was

opened

July

1914,

and

one

office

, Frijoles,
*w% 9mI

was

closed September 30, 1914.

The total receipts of the post offices from

all sources were $95,794.36, as compared with $110,742.23 in the pre-

ceding year.

$151,121.59

The expenses were reduced from $175,263.42 in

1915.

There

were

170,558

money

orders

1914,
issued

during the year of

a total value of $3,948,762.86, on which fees were

collected

amounting

$13,169.55.

Compared

with

preceding

fiscal

year there

was

a decrease

28,270

in the

number of

orders

issued

and

a decrease of $80,601.97

decrease of $6,238.56 in fees collected.

in the aggregate amount and a
For the postal savings system

established min

the Canal Zone

by the President'

Executive order of

September

, 1911,

there

was

substituted

under

authority

Executive order dated September 5,

1914, a system of deposit money

orders

and

which greatly simplified

in the

interests <(
amounted

office

f depositors.
to $498,481.

auditor,
Postal s

clerical

without

avlmgs

work in

inm any way

deposits

The deposits on June 30,

a post offices
affecting the

on June

1914,

1915, represented

unpaid

postal

savings

certificates

and

deposit

money

orders

amounted
$33,781.70

to $477,551.

form

There was also on deposit on June 30, 1915,

ordinary

money

orders

issued

and

drawn

on Canal Zone

post offices

in favor

remitter.

registry
handled

pared

division

of the

a decrease

with

post offices,

14,955

the preceding fiscal

126,134

parcels and letters were

registered letters and parcels as corn-
year. Approximately 60 per cent of

the registered
rived from it.

matter

handled

was

official

and

no revenue was

r, J>

1" t

* 1

rn<

Ti�

a I- - -- * n../ k kj .a " ,n�n-q -w^P -- rI- nJtk re J- S* Ja^ - -. .1%. S __/ -**� a..^' tV *.N t Jkh - a/h.� ad'Jk*- --ILLt-t -f./. -- W- a

REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR.

under
made

order.

expedite

Various

improvements

handling

service

mails,

increase

have

been

revenue,

and reduce the expenses of

operation.

Oanal Record.-The Canal Record

was continued after

January

1915, as a weekly paper for the publication of shipping news, statistics
of traffic, Executive orders, official documents, notices, and circulars.

Conreucting t
reduction of

the same
tribution

tions
The

pared

e scope (
the force

time,

cost of

with

paper

employed for

reasonable

Record
annum,

publication
$23,227.83 i

restrictions

and

provision

domestic,

and

fiscal

1914.

within

these

limits

its compilation

were
was

$1.

placed

made I
50 per

year was

Collections on

permitted

to one
on the

'or paid
annum,

$13,585.15,
account of

man;

free

dis-

subscrip-
foreign.
as cornm-
subscrip-

tions and
$498.97.

the sale of

extra

copies

and

bound

volumes amounted

POLICE

AND

FIRE

DIVISION.

A general reorganization of the police and fire division was effected

October

, 1914,

and resulted

min a total reduction

men m

police force and 2

men m

fire force.

There was also a reolassifi-

cation
tember

titles

, 1914,

and

two

reratinmg

police

salaries

both

districts-Balboa

and

forces.

Sep-

Cristobal-were

established,

coextensive

with

judicial subdivisions

the Canal

Zone.

The Empire district was abolished

The Ancon police station

was

used

as a central

station

until

November

1914

when

headquarters of the district were transferred to the new police station
at Balboa.

During the year 5,157 persons were arrested, an increase of

246 as

compared
convicted.

year.

with

the previous

There
cases

were

year.

8 homicides

supposed

this total number,

in the

perpetrators

Zone

Canal
were

4,107

were

during

brought

trial

3 were convicted and

4 were acquitted

or dismissed.

the eighth

case

evidence

was

procured

extradition was refused

against

a resident

Panama,

. There were 6 suicides during the year

whose
. The

police

records

1,103

persons

who

had

been

previously

arrested,

were compiled, sworn to,

and submitted to the courts for their infer-

nart

routine

wnrk

oivd * n

There was

aaa a Tr 'wrr i% , *-_ , 1 , r a * * *., 4 * b , .*

routine

nation as

THE

PASAMA

CANAL

labor of the convicts was employed continuously c

the road from
cents an hour,

guarding

and

the
on

pardoned,

Empire to Gamboa.
amounted to $12,4
m amounted to $2

The value

97.40.

The
.�

1,956.64

prisoner under sentence to

i the construction
cosf thir ois)tm
cost of subsisting

rine

convicts

were

the penitentiary fl

pardoned on account of poor physical condition and deported before

he began his sentence.
Continuous guard d

the looks.

On April

No convicts escaped during the year.

uty was
15, 1915

performed by police officers at mJ of
on account of the withdrawal of the

troops from Pedro

Miguel and Miraflores'Locks,

the police guard at

those two places was increased.

The Chagres River and Gatun Lake

were

patrolled

launch.

There

been

a similar patrol

the

harbors of Balboa and

Cristobal, although

the division did not have

the exclusive use of launches for this purpose.

A suitable launch for

police work at Balboa

was ordered toward the close of the year,

but

is not

in service.

Three

motorcycles

were

put

in use

October,

1914, for the control of

automobile traffic and for special emergency

service.

The

work

depopulating the Canal Zone

was continued,

and, in this connection,

1,136 privately owned houses were destroyed

by the
them.

police,

or removed

by the owners when notice

was served

One hundred and thirty-four persons were deported from the

Canal Zone by the police

of that number 73 were convicts who had

completed

terms

in the

penitentiary,

and

were

persons who

had

been

convicted

misdemeanors,

whose

presence

the Canal Zone

was deemed inadvisable.

cases of

death

Coroner's

which 36 were due

investigations
to accidental

were

held in

drowning and 35

to accidental traumatism.

Investigations were made in 294 cases of

accidents involving

personal

injury, and

detailed reports

the cir-

cumstances were submitted.

The

general

protection
about bv

buildings

conditions

on the

were much improved

construction

previously

used

, by

Canal

Zone

during the year.

concrete
better

houses in

streets

and

matter

This was brought

place c
roads,

Sthe frame
new pump

stations, hydrants, and by means of the general cleaning up of waste

material and rubbish on the Isthmus.

A new concrete fire station at

Balboa

was occupied on January

11, 1915.

The fire stations at Em-

-.. aJ UJ

-- -- - - * a I- * * 1 1* J

of
10
an

t1

e

w.

*

,-

REPORT

TUE

GOVERNOR.

vented

from

spreading

Cristobal.

The

damage

Canal property was estimated at $12,000 and the damage to

railroad

property at $10,000.

The

total loss resulting from

Panama
Panama
this fire

is estimated

$1,110,000.

March

, 1915,

a fire

unknown

origin occurred on the mining dock at Fort Grant and caused damage

estimated at $27,500.
the Pennsylvanian of

On May 4,

1915, a fire broke out in the hold of

the American-Hawaiian Line shortly

after the

vessel had left the port of Balboa.

was

Zone
Fort

extinguished

firemen
Grant.

were
The

after

a two

assisted

loss

hired

resulting

from

She returned to the dock and the

days'

fight,

laborers

this

in which

and

was

soldiers

Canal
from

estimated

$95,000.

DIVISION

OF SCHOOLS.

The schools for white children had a net enrollment of

schools for colored children a net enrollment of 1.430.

1.146

Fifteen

and

build-

mgs

were

m use

for school

purposes,

besides

two

rooms

in the

Washington Hotel at Colon Beach.

At Balboa, four type-5 bachelor

quarters

were remodeled

for use

as a school for white

children,

upper floor

being used for the main high school and

the lower floor

grammar

school.

school

colored

children

in the

Balboa

district

was

provided

by removing

Empire

and

Culebra

white school

buildings to

La Boca during the summer vacation, and

reerecting them as one

12-room schoolhouse.

The building formerly

occupied by the colored school at Mount Hope was removed to Gatun

in February

and reorected for the

use of

colored

pupils.

The

main

high school was transferred from Ancon to Balboa.

The branch high

school,

formerly

conducted

Gatun,

was

transferred

Cristobal.

account

small

attendance,

seventh

and

eighth

grades

Gatun

were

transferred

Cristobal

November

1914.

For

similar reason,

the colored school at

Mount

Hope

was

discontinued

December 31, 1914,

and the white schools at Culebra and Las Cascadas

were consolidated on February 15 at Empire.

condition in

Because of the crowded

the Cristobal white school, it became necessary to open

a school on Colon Beach November 9,

1914, for the first

four grades.

The

usual

medical

inspection

pupils

grammar

grades

W || mm ' , | E| . ny* C' t C l| 1|| 1||J m -||| l | .

I a S
n'^tfl, ,-'n t -n-V^^

*wwr\ /-<

* f * ^

54

Miguel,

and conti

tically
period

CO

THE PAAMA OAfAL

Lncon, Corozal, and Balboa at the beginning
nued throughout. A revised course of study has beer *prac
mpleted. It will be printed during the summer vaccatiou"
dN

and

adopted at the

beginnm

foundations were laid for a system

g of the next school term.
of industrial training, con

uTh,
luoted

as an integral
operation of
supervisor of

part
the

Canal

mechanical

industrial

div

ision and
competent

with

commissaries.

reorganize

this

00-
A
ex-

tension
school
school

school

and e
hours,

work,

was

boys

on Saturday,

appointed

have

and

September

been

during

given

vacation,

1914.

employment
as salesmen

High-

after
and

checkers in

the commissaries.

Courses of instruction have been con-

ducted for apprentices in

ing and

the shops, and classes in mechanical draw-

high

schools.

At Balboa,

Ancon, Corozal, and Pedro

Miguel eighth-grade pupils were given inm-

structions

woodwork

and

sewing.

Industrial

training

will

continued next year on broader lines and with more ample equipment.

BUREAU

OF CLUBS

AND

PLAYGROUNDS.

The bureau of clubs and playgrounds was conducted, as min previous

years,

under

supervision

national committee of the

secretaries

Young Men

furnished

's Christian Association.

inter-
The

clubhouse

Empire

was

closed

July

and

removed

where it was reerected and opened on Christmas Eve.

The

Balboa,
building

formerly used at Porto Bello was reerected at La Boca as a clubhouse

for silver
the same

employees.

The

as in previous

than heretofore
door features.

years,

baseball

except

grounds,

bureau

that
tennis

more

courts,

were

practically

money was spent

and

other out-

THE

COURTS.

In the district court 86 cases were pending at the beginning of the

year,

779 cases were filed and

decided, leaving 88 cases pending

on June 30,

and

1915.

criminal.

Court

was

held

both

75 were civil, 341
at Aneon, for th

probate,
SBalboa

division, and at Cristobal.

-. -- I� *

mni

Three-fourths of the cases heard arose in

1- J. L a . E

I

^TTE'"

.1- _ 3 - ** t._ -* 3 t____ a.- a a-- ~ . .^.- --:-.^*- * * .1- l-. ann.-W n -.~ nW Ja . -" * J ^ W -J a-KWWJl. S - W W.

Zone school system,

training,

ighth-grade

woodwork were organized in

activities

the cases decided

J I

REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR.

district court,

and

there

were

2.203

convictions

and 333

acquittals.

Collections on account of fines and fees amounted to $7,674.14.
In the magistrates court for the Cristobal subdivision 3 cases were

pending on July

, 1914, 2,400 cases were docketed during the year,

and 2,398 cases were decided, leaving 5 pending at the close of busi-

ness on June 30,
were criminal.

1915.

Of the cases decided 164 were civil and 2,236

The criminal cases resulted in 1,709 convictions, 337

acquittals, 69 dismissals,

9 cases compromised under sections 359 and

360 of

the Code of Criminal Procedure, and

112 cases

committed

the district court.

A total of $5,898.38 was collected in fees and fines.

The district attorney in his annual report (Appendix L) makes

following statement with reference

jury trials

the Canal Zone

and I concur in his recommendation:
The present district attorney is familiar with the result of jury trials upon the Canal

Zone, both before and since the Executive order of July 4,

trials in all felony cases. B<
allowed only in capital cases.

1913,

fore the Executive order referred

authorizing

jury

to jury trials were

Since the Executive order of July 4, 1913,

defendants demanding a jury trial have been

white citizens of the

the only

United States.

Negroes and foreigners upon the Zone prefer trial by the court without a jury.

Since

the Executive order referred to 6 white defendants have demanded jury trials; 1 was

charged with violation of the white slave act, 1
and 3 with assault with a deadly weapon. All

with murder, 1

with manslaughter,

were acquitted by juries.

The 4 last

cases were for crimes committed against negroes, and juries refuse to convict white
defendants in these cases.

The results of jury trials since the Executive order of July 4,

1913, have been very

unsatisfactory, and I renew the recommendation made in the last annual report that
the law be amended so that there may be a return to the former practice of allowing
jury trials in capital cases only.

RELATIONS

WITH

PANAMA.

Negotiations

correspondence

or personal

conference

between

executive

secretary

and

secretary

foreign

affairs

Republic

of Panama

included, among others,

the following subjects

in addition to routine matters:

The issuance of transportation on the

Panama Railroad

to employees and

officials of the Panama Govern-

ment

and

the abuse of

the pass privilege; the granting of the corn-

missary privilege to nonemployees with the sanction of the Republic

of Panama; the decrease
by incompetent midwives

in infant

mortality

by preventing practice

fillin in low land at National ExDosition

*

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

struction

a telegraph

line

the Republic

of Panami

aE

between

Panama City and Empire and thence to the Canal Zone boundary i
the direction of the town of Paja; transmission of messages over te
Panama Canal telephone line to El Vigia; the contract and revocable

license respecting the rental
line of the Panama Railroad

two

wires in

the tr

between Panama and

nsisthmian duet
Colon; the strict

enforcement

laws

restricting

immigration

as to

prevent

landing of immigrants for whom there was little likelihood of employ-
ment, and who were likely to become public charges; the delay in the

promulgation

sanitary

through

ordinances

Republic

prepared

of Pana
Panama

ma

Official

Gazette

Canal health officials;

the health ordinances respecting the registration of births and deaths
in the cities of Panama and Colon; the increase of import duties on

goods
ment

entering

Republic

that The Panama

Canal

Panama

secure

and

a permit

be proposed require-
in each instance for

the clearance of

materials

and goods through the Panaman customs;

the regulation of private hospitals in

the cities of Panama

and

Colon

and

the reduction in rates at

Colon Hospital for

Panaman residents

of Colon; unauthorized entry upon Canal Zone territory and exercise
of police powers by Panaman police in pursuit of fugitives; the delivery

or orders

sequestration

or embargo

decreed

by Panaman courts

against

wages

Panama

Railroad

employees,

and

matter

maintaining a representative in

the city

of Colon

by the Panama

Railroad Company to receive such orders of garnishment; the segrega-

tion of stables in the city of Panama

the proposed sale of the American

wharf in the city of Panama to the Republic of Panama, and the lease

entered into between the Panama Railroad Company and Messrs.

Pinel

Bros.

for the

use of

the wharf in

the city

of Panama known as the

"English

Wharf

: the

changes

recommended

avoid

confusion

between lighthouses established by The Panama Canal and the Repub-
lic of Panama; the right of the Republic of Panama to refuse to honor
a request for the extradition of a citizen of Panama from the Republic

of Panama

to the Canal Zone; the

boundary convention

between

The

Panama Canal and the Republic of Panama, changing the boundaries
in the district known as Las Savanas and in the waters of Colon Bay;
the payment of 40 per cent of the face value of United States postage-
i.-Ut n i r- * rr� * *u .ir^^r A' 1%

*&*. B ...H.'' *'* S4 - ^^** :** . ' 'S ::..:.: :

REPORT

THE

GOVERNOR.

greater executive powers may have to

be exercised in

those cities to

accomplish the ends desired.
The Taft agreement has become in many respects disadvantageous

both

Governments

and

should

superseded

an agreement

more in accord

with

our present mutual needs

and

with

our rights

under the treaty.
For further particulars attention is invited to Appendix J.
LAW.
During the year Judge Frank Feuille continued as special attorney
for the purpose of codifying the laws of the Canal Zone and defend-
ing the interests of the United States before the Joint Land Commis-

sion in

the acquisition

of lands

under private ownership

which

being taken

over in accordance with

the Executive order of Decem-

1912.

also

acted

as adviser

Governor

and

various heads of departments in matters relating to the canal organ-

ization

and

administration

and

affairs

arising

between

Canal

Zone and

Ham
date

the Republic of Panama.

Jackson,

June

resigned

1915,

Mr.

office

Charles

The district attorney, Mr.

on June

Williams

1915,

was

and

Wil-

under

appointed

succeed him.
A number of Executive orders of legislative character were issued,

the more important of which
of the clerk of the district cc

were: The order relating to

urt and his assistant; requiring

the duties

ocean-

going vessels to
admeasurers to

be equipped

administer

with

oaths

wireless; authorizing the

witnesses

and

board

compel

their

attendance; setting aside certain area of lands inm

the Canal Zone for

the naval radio

stations;

prescribing the duties of

constables

reor-

ganizinmg
crimes i

board

Canal

health

Zone;

Canal

requiring

Zone;

litigants

relating

give

postal

security

costs in civil actions; prescribing rules for the government of motor-
men and persons in control of street cars at street, road, and railroad

crossings;

compensation

and

1915,

establish

to be

Panama

changed

a postal

paid

injured

Railroad.

name

savings

bank;

employees
Executive

Culebra

Cut

and
The

order,

Gaillard

relating
Panama

dated

Cut,

Canal

April 27,
in honor

of the services rendered by the late Lieut.

Col. D. D.

Gaillard,

United

58 THE PANAMA CANAL.

the commission, thus discontinuingm the old system, ad requio
him thereafter to complete, govern, and operate the canal and to

govern
enact

the
police

organization

Canal Zo
rules n
required

me,

carried

necessary

with
make

the enactment

implied

power

author to:

effective.

Executive orders of

The

a sub-

stantive
rendered

nature

as well

Attorney

as administrative,

General

but

brought

adverse opinion

whole

matter

halt.

The question

revising the laws in

order to adapt

them

the new conditions, and submitting them to Congress for enactment,

is not

a practical

one,

for the canal and its adjuncts present prob-

lems that are entirely new in administration.

Although

canal

is now

operated,

construction

period

still
the

and

the defensive

maintenance

a large

measures

body

provided for the canal require

troops, and

laws

must

drafted so as to harmonize the various elements, or friction and ineffi-

ciency will result.

The opening of the canal to traffic has brought it

into close contact with the world's commerce, and

there is not suffi-

cient scope in the old Executive orders to permit the President or his

representative on the

Isthmus

to meet

the questions which will con-

stantly arise
regulations

new

existing

under the new

sufficiently

conditions

laws

will

elastic
they

order of things.

can

come.

not

necessary

A system

drafted

Changes
until th

and

of laws and

once

meet

modifications

transition

period

entirely over and
Canal act should

the new organization firmly settled.

The Panama

be modified so as to permit the President to make

such modifications when the necessity therefore arises.

The land

office of The Panama Canal, which also has charge of the

lands of

the Panama

diction of the special attorney
settled by private agreement

sum

$351,306.64,

making

Railroad Company, continued

under the

jurie-

During the past year the land office

and
a

Said
total

1,462 claims, aggregating the

3.595

claims

settled

and

paid from January

1, 1913,

to June 30, 1915, aggregating the sum of

$507,825.14.
The Joint Land Commission

continues in session, and the progress

heretofore made gives little hope of its concluding its duties within a

reasonable time in

the future.

One of the American commissioners,

rTK 1__

_1 _

-� T-- a

ifki A

j i..a.

TX �. . "1

.. . . . w aw m n - ama . s

REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR.

settlements previously

office.

March

effected
1915, 1

between

the claimants

six months

period

and

within

e land
which

claims could be filed,

terminated, and on that date 3,593 claims had

been filed,

inolu ding

several

hundred

that

had

been

listed

commission in 1913 on its own motion, and for which no formal claims

had

been

filed.

Judge L. M.

Kagy,

one of

the American

commis-

sioners, left for the United States on June 24, 1915, in consequence of
which the commission is again inactive.

A number of licenses revocable at will,

which provide that no cornm-

sensation shall be paid to lessees for improvements in case the license

terminated,

were issued

steamship companies

at Cristobal for

lots on
agents;

which

build steamship offices and residences for company

for the erection of tanks for the storage of fuel oil at Cristobal

and

Balboa

Ancon

and

associations

Masonic

various

in the

Canal

Order

religious
Zone, f<

erection

denominations

purpose

and

their

a temple at
benevolent

respective

organizations.

All of these licensees are required to pay a reasonable

ground rent, except in the case of religious and benevolent organiza-
tions, in which cases a nominal rent is charged.

For further details attention is

invited

Appendix K.

WASHINGTON

OFFICE.

The

work

Washington

office

continued

charge

Maj.

C. Boggs,

United States Army, and

the organization remained as

previously reported.

The scope of the work handled was about the

same as previously reported.

Due to

the continued effort to reduce

the supply of material on the Isthmus to a minimum, the work of the

purchasing

fiscal

year.

department

The

was

result

even

greater

been a large

than

increase

during

in the

e previous
number of

orders, the average value of

each

order, however, being considerably

reduced below the average of former years.

During

year

899

persons

within

United

States

were

ten-

dered

employment for duty

on the Isthmus in grades above

that of

laborer, as compared with 2,248 for the previous year;

and
The

were

appointed,

total amount of

covering
purchase

different

orders

placed

classes

was

352 accepted
employment.

$7,307,689.34

, the

..^^^^.........^......^^ J^^^^L. ju. -^^k4^t- :H. :^^K- .&JJUL< u. JJ^JK u. ^juju^u^ vw :^^^T
'l^i*:I-^: HE *i31 & nJ A'-liJi & lia & *lir'al w * *
.* . **..a ... *ft .*^ j^... i"H .-jfm. .I�B....j1^.. HLJ'i^^.iAM ...f* *g'.a^..
WHf -^^^^^^^^*^^^^^^ /: t^^W ^^tt^^l^^^^ "T ^----^B^^T^fftff^^^^^^ ^m||T *^^-^HBfrBI^^F-lF :4MMIIIIIHI^^--^ff'^Bl-
K ^ "^

SAlITA tON.

The health department was charged with the care

of the sick l ad

injured

Canal

Zone,

prevention

disease

the

* it '*'**'^;
^ . it-s I

Zone and the cities of Panama and Colon, street cleaning and gab
removal in the latter cities, and all matters relating to quarantine
The department continued in charge of Lieut. CoL. Charles F. Man,
United States Army.

Vital statistic.

-With the exception of one case of smallpox,

whiob

was brought in on the steamship Panama, and one practically recov-

ered case brought in

on the Pacific mail steamship

Newport, no cases
7V, �^n/W fli1oQ

of quarantinable diseases originated on or were brought to the Isthmus

during

year.

Health

conditions

were

very

good.

The

total

admission rate
compared with

with

299.62

employees

473.15 for
* 1914; for

hospitals

1914;
disease

and

quarters

was 337.21,

to hospitals alone 204.18, compared

alone

156.81,

compared

with

220.62 for

The
death

total
rate

1914.

death rate

disease

was
alone

5.72
3.61

as against 7.92 for
as compared with

1914
5.17

, an
for

1914.

This means that had the death rate for disease for 1915 remained the

same as for

1914,

we would have had

59 deaths of

employees more

than

we did have.

With regard to malaria,

which is our principal cause of

disability,

the hospital admission rate was reduced 20 per cent, and the death

rate more than 32 per cent since

1914.

The

admission rate for

typhoid fever was reduced more

than

cent

during

year;

admission rate for

dysentery

50 per

cent, and
In the

the death rate for pneumonia more than 39 per cent.

Canal Zone the

total

death rate from

disease was reduced

from

14.46 in

1914

11.77

in 1915;

in Panama City from 34.25 to

30.74, and in Colon from 24.12 to 21.25.

Division of hospitals.-Two of the

wards at Ancon Hospital were

condemned

during

year

as unsafe

and

their

use

discontinued.

The

average

daily
all

number

patients

hospital

proper

during

year was

highest

number min

any

one

day 678

and

the lowest number in any one day

During the month of Anril the transfer of the insane department at

se

REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR. 61
There was a large increase in the number of patients at Palo Seco
Leper Asylum, and it was necessary to provide additional buildings
for their accommodation.
The number of district dispensaries was reduced from 10 at the
close of 1914 to 7 at the close of 1915, and 2 of these do not require
a physician.
The new concrete storehouse at Ancon was completed and occu-
pied in January last.
Sanitary division.-The number of sanitary inspection districts at
the close of the year was 6 as compared with 9 at the close of 1914.
Those abandoned were turned over to the military. A large number
of new sanitary ditches of a permanent nature were constructed
during the year.
The large hydraulic fills which are being made in the vicinity of
Balboa, Ancon, Panama, and Mount Hope, have given much trouble
and expense in the control of mosquito breeding along their borders,
but eventually will be of great assistance from a sanitary point of
view.
The building regulations of the Canal Zone were rendered so as to
require future construction to be rat proof.
Increased attention was given to the Canal Zone schools with a
view to preventing the spread of contagious diseases and to improve
the health and sanitary conditions of the pupils.
Panama.-The rapid growth in the area and population of the
city, about 33 per cent in the last two years, has greatly increased
the work of the health department. The suburbs have been extended
into very malarious districts, rendering necessary a vast amount of
new drainage, jungle clearing, etc. Nearly 12 miles of new ditches
were dug and 75 miles of old ditches cleaned and maintained.
The street-cleaning work has grown to such proportions that it has
been impossible to do it for the amount estimated by Col. Gorgas in
1912. However, it was kept at the lowest cost possible to accom-
plish fairly satisfactory results, and the Panama Government has been
notified that we wish to amend our present agreement so as to increase
the allowance made by it from $38,000 to $50,000 per annum.
Special effort was made to clean up and reduce the number of filthy
* V 9 .' *T- * a * - -� a Wa , aw -

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

The large fill which was made some years ago

quarantine station behind

in the rear of the old

the Panama Railroad stables has recently

become

an active

breeding

area

anopheles

mosquitoes,

this on

account of the rank growth of grass 'and the uneven settling, causing
large concealed pools which are difficult to drain This area will

have

maintained in

the future at considerable expense unless

further filling and grading is done.

Quarantine.-During

the year the

quarantine station at the Pacific

end

was

removed

from

Culebra

Island

Balboa

dump

and is

now in full operation on the new site.

A landing is being constructed

on the

French

canal

opposite

station

which

will

considerably

facilitate

quarantine

work.

At the Atlantic end a portion of the old Colon Hospital was fitted

up as a quarantine station and it is proposed

to construct a landing

opposite

this

point as soon as

the east

breakwater affords sufficient

protection.
While tl

not so

large

amounted

number

as m
583.

1914

passengers

inspected

during

year

was

increase in number of vessels inspected

order to

avoid

as much as

possible delays

to ships in

passage

through the canal, arrangements were made to pass ships from infected

ports
board,
shore,

"in

with

quarantine,"

certain

the quarantine

that

instructions
period may

placing
prevent

quarantine
intercourse

be completed in

guards
with

transit.

For further details attention is invited

to Appendix I.

FORTIFICATIONS.

Work was continued

during the year on

the gun and mortar bat-

teries, and by the close of the

year the concrete work and all of the

backfill

were

completed.

Work

fire-control systems and

The

work

was

in charge

was

m progress

mounting of
of Lieut. A.

on the

range

and

ordnance.

Acher,

United

States

Army

until May

1915

, when he was succeeded by

Lieut.

Creswall

Garlington,

United

States

Army.

The following appendices are inclosed herewith:

Increase

in salaries

and

personnel,

submitted

in compliance

with

A .�

iT n- Ih*w I?~it /-flf L' Iw |r

^

APPENDIX

REPORT

THE

ENGINEER

MAINTENANCE.

OFFICE

THE
OF THE ENGINE
Balboa Heights,

PANAMA CANAL,
ER OF MAINTENANCE,
Canal Zone, July 15, 1915.

Sm: I have the honor to submit the following report of operations
for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1915, under the supervision of the
engineer of maintenance:
Col. H. F. Hodges, now brigadier general, United States Army,
continued as engineer of maintenance until he was relieved from
duty with The Panama Canal on January 1, 1915, on which date he
was succeeded by the undersigned.
So far as matters within the jurisdiction of this office are con-
cerned, the past fiscal year has marked the completion of constuc-
tion work and the beginning of the period of operation and mainte-
nance.
The division of erection, which at the beginning of the year was
charged with the completion of the various machinery installations
in the locks and spillways, the construction of power plants and
allied matters, was abolished on July 15, 1914. The small amount of
remaining construction and installation work at the locks was turned
over to the lock superintendents, and the completion of the trans-
mission lines and the o operation of the power plants to the electrical
engineer. Thereafter the organization of the work under the engi-
neer of maintenance has been as follows:

Operation and maintenance
United States Army, superin
1915, when relieved by Capt.
F. C. Clark, superintendent
with Mr. R. H Whitehead a,
The electrical division.-Ca
electrical engineer, with Mr.
tendent.
ThA~p d'iq.msjin. f n-fqin.Qwnnfla o

e of locks.-Capt. Wmin. F. Endress,
tendent of Gatun Locks, until May 1,
T. H. Dillon, United States Army; Mr.
of Pedro Miguel and Miraflores Locks,
s assistant superintendent.
pt. W. H. Rose, United States Army,
Hartley Rowe as electrical superin-

)flq4n^qwflf -MtUr tnsn il/I I/VIHc r��acstlan t

]

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

LOOK

(

The division of lock
two principal heads,
with their respective
the operation and m
There is attached here
this organization as it
The force required
and maintenance of t]
the following table:

operation and maintenance is subffivided is t
the "Atlantic looks" and the "Pacific lochks,"T >
gold and silver organizations to take care of
amntenance of all machinery and equipment.
to a chart (plate No. 121), giving an outline of
existed on June 30, 1915.
during the past fiscal year for the operation
ER locAI was a variable one, as is indicated by
.^ _ j ^ ^ ^ u ^ . __ .�i ...... � -^ K H-^ K ^ u **** .... K K K K K K K K K ^
*jF k^^^^ ^^^E . TL^r' ^^B'^ : FH'E^H'j^-L-^ ^^":*::::::^*KKKK^ K
*i~j -l^f Lj ^I^ L_ _H -^^^-KE^L *^ ^L BiP1._h^ f-KK KKK KKKK^KK^. K

thio "Atlantiic locis" and the� "Pacific Ao;oi^

aintenance of ~~all machinery, and eu mn. ;*!
to a chart (plate ~No. 121), giiganouleof '1
existed on hune 30, 1915.
dulingthe past ficlyear fo operation
he lockswas a variable one, as is" indicated by

Month.

July......
August....
September.
October...
November.
December.
January...
February..
March. .. .
april -......
Juay.......

Average

Gold.

133.9

Silver.

1,131
948
808
741
753
824
750
739
727
787
878
572

938.7

Total.

1,357
1,138
029
868
878
S040
868
861
841
907
996
688
1,072.0

CONCRETE

LAID

ALL

LOOKS.

Practically all of the plain and reinforced concrete required for the
construction of the locks was in place before the beginning of the last
fiscal year. A total of 1,509 cubic yards of concrete was laid for
construction and maintenance purposes up to the 30th of November
1914, this material being laced by the division of lock operation and
maintenance under the direction of the lock superintendents. All
concrete laid in the locks after November 30 was charged to main-
tenance.

LOCK

MACHINERY.

Practically all of the lock machinery had been placed complete by
the beginning of the past fiscal year. The principal exception is the
installation of the chain-fender machines, which were installed by the
lock forces at periods when they were not occupied with the lockage
of vessels. The last chain was installed on June 25, 1915.

UEPOET 07

TEE

ENGINEER

MAINTENANCE.

These installations were somewhat delayed by the fact that it was
found advisable to increase the height of the motors above the sump
pits, in this manner increasing the capacity of the sumps by a very
considerable amount, and allowing the pump motors to o rate less
frequently. The necessary machine work for making this change was
accom listed by the mechanioal division, the work of installation
being handled by the lock force.

CHAIN-FENDER

MACHINES.

The work on the chain-fender machines, including the installation
of the chains, was completed as follows:

Gatxun -- ... ... .-..
Pedro Miguel...
Mairasfores -.......-

-. - . . . . - t . . - . ,- - - . - . . - . , n * . . . . . * * . -. * *S * - * *. * * - . . a* a * -. * a a .
- -. a..S -S -S *- - - .S - S.S*.-*..*..- SS.* S S -..S .- -S - ..-* - ..S ..S * *
- S- S-.-S -* - S . --------------------- -S a - - a..*- a . -- SS -.... S .* -S - . S-

Electrical
work
completed.

Nov. 30, 1914
Oct. 28,1914
Aug. 22,1914

Mechanical
work
completed.

Nov. 20,1914
Dec. 12,1914
June 25,1915

The chain-fender machines were furnished by the United Engineer-
ing & Foundry Co.

CHAINS

FOR

FENDER

MACHINES.

Owing to the massiveness of the chains u,
considerable difficulty was encountered in
one case it was necessary to place a new
had spent over three months trying to pr
The following table gives a list of the
chains, or sections, it being understood
made up of three sections each, except th
which have four sections each:

sed on the fender machines,

placing
order af
oduce a
contract
that all
ie lower

the orders, and in
ter one contractor
satisfactory chain.
ors who furnished
fender chains are
Miraflores fenders,

United States navy yard, Boston, 8 complete chains and 2 sections.
Bradlee & Co., 9 complete chains and 3 sections.
Lebanon Chain Works, 2 complete chains and 2 sections.
Brown-Lenox & Co. (Ltd.), 3 complete chains.
J. B. Carr Co., 1 section.
Total, 24 complete chains and 2 spare sections.

The last section
Carr Co.

was delivered

on January

1915,

LOCK

TRANSFORMER

ROOMS.

The transformer rooms

at Gatun

and Miraflores have been

cornm-

NW,

THE

PANAMA

CAiAI

. . .. . .. if ^ . .. �� -
A contract was placed with the Western Eleotric Co. for furnish g
p~letalp locks,
a complete aparatus and equipment for each of the locks, the 3 -
rial being devered so that the installation was started m Octo
1914, an completed m February, 1915.
Arrangements were made with the Panama Railroad Compn
provide each of the switchboards min the lock-control houses wit
two trunk-line connections to the nearest telephone exchanges
the transisthmian tele hone system; and arrangements were so
made with the marine vision to have their private telephone liues
tapped in at each of the lock switchboards to provide direct commu-
nication between the lock-control houses and the offices of the port
captains.

TOWING

LOCOMOTIVES.

The delivery of the towing locomotives ordered of the General
Electric Co. in accordance with their alternative proposition providing
a single-truck type of machine was completed by November 14, 1914;
In general, the locomotives have operated in a very satisfactory man-
ner, the most essential change which has become necessary being the
provision of a low maximum speed for towing of vessels of heavy ton
nage. The machines were originally designed by the contractor in
accordance with our specifications and provided a maximum towing
speed of 2 miles per hour. As this speed was found to be too high
when handling vessels of heavy tonnage, arrangements were made to
connect the two main traction motors of each Locomotive in cascade,
in this manner providing a maximum towing speed of 1 mile per hour:
The necessary material has been purchased for changing alt locomo-
tives so as to provide for maximum towing speeds of 2 miles and 1
mile per hour, respectively, the change in speeds being accomplished
by throwing over a single switch located near the operator in their
locomotive cab.
Specifications have been issued and bids asked for 12 additional
towing locomotives, to be similar to those now in use, the principal
changes being the increased height of the cabs in order to allow the
operators to have a better view of the vessels being towed in the
upper chamber of all locks, and the rearrangement of the main traction
motor controllers, providing for the operation of the locomotives'
main traction motors in either cascade or multiple. Bids on the 12
new machines are advertised to be opened on August 16, 1915.

ARROW

SIGNALS.

In order that the lock superintendents may communicate with the
pilots of approaching vessels as to the readiness of the locks for
h�ndlin hinq..a lnran nsrrnw aQJon ft han v- hasn ifilaAl at tha art.ls

,

REPORT

OF THE ENGINEER

LOWER

GUARD

OF MAINTENANCE.

GATES-GATUN.

It was found that at extreme high tide wave action in spilling at
the lower end of the side and center wall culverts at Gatun caused the
flooding of the lower guard-gate bullwheel recesses. In order to cor-
rect this operating difficulty, arrangements were made to raise the
lower guard-gate struts 12 inches, and also to provide an increased
height to the bulkhead walls of the recesses. The mechanical work
required for making this change was done at the mechanical division
shops, and the work of instilling the machinery and concrete by the
lock force under the supervision of the lock superintendent.

REGULATING

VALVES.

Arrangements have been made to purchase
installation at the upper and lower ends of all
Both the inlet and outlet of the center wall cu
of "T's," and the regulating valves will be inst
taken in at the upper end may be obtained fr
west side of the center wall at will, or water di
end of the locks may flow into either the east
direction of flow being controlled by the oper
switchboard. This regulation has been found
prevent difficulties to vessels approaching or
currents produced by the intake or discharge
middle wall culvert.

regulating valves for
middle wall culverts.
iverts are in the form
called so that the water
om either the east or
discharged at the lower
or west chamber, the
ator from the control
desirable in order to
leaving a lock due to
of water through the

LOCK

REPAIR

SHOPS.

During the fiscal year the permanent lock repair shops were
installed to take the place of the temporary wooden structures in
which the shops and offices of the lock superintendents had been
located up to the end of the construction period. The reinforced
concrete buildings constructed are 110 feet long and 38 feet 6 inches
wide, and contain the necessary dry rooms, open and closed storage
spaces, blacksmith shop, general shop, and latrines for white and
colored employees.

PAINTING

OF LOCK

GATES.

Contract has been awarded to the American Bitumastic Enamels
Co. to paint all submerged parts of the lock-gate structures and main-
tain them in first-class condition under a five-year guaranty. The
contractor has commenced to assemble the necessary material and
equipment for carrying out the work under this contract.
- -n.. -S

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

LOOKAQE8.

N Nn

The annual r
operation of pas
locomotives. T
the skill of the
handling the v
advisable, and
and the safety t
observers.
Since the dat
August 15, 1914
In March, 1915,
pleasure craft o
ockages, andi
Nos. 73, 75, and
concerning the
mercial, the con

and

port for
sming vessel
he expert
operators
vessels. N
the precis
o both w

the fiscal year 1914 describes ii
ls through the locks by means of
ience of the year just closed ha
and pilots and consequently thi
o changes in methods have 1
sion and accuracy of the ship's
essel and locks, during lockages,

1
I.

e
b

detailF the
the towing
s increased.
fiac y or'-
)een found

impr all

e of opening of the canal to commercial vessels on
, the traffic has increased to considerable proportions.
there were 147 commercial lockages, including several
f light tonnage; in May there were 143 commercial
n June, 145. The accompanying diagrams platess
77) give in compact form the data month by moth
number of lockages, both commercial and noncom-
sumption of water from Gatun Lake due to lockage s,

' .' i "^ .
': ^. * :
* ^Tr- ./sl||
/M ..***:
:: **�
"** " *
*&"'***

all other causes, etc.

FIRST

SOUTHBOUND

LOCKAGE

FROM

ATLANTIC

TO PAOIFIO.

The steamship Ancon was

the
invi
into
and
at 1
left

opening, ca
ted guests.
Gatun Lak
the "Cut,"

The
12.25 j
being 1
p. m.
3.06 p.
out int

trying a larj
She entered
e at 9.15 a.
she arrived
n . _ ~I �-

. m. one enuerea
lower end at 3.23 p
steamship Arizoniai
. m., left the upper
Hour and 30 minut'
on the following da
m. She entered M

o the

; selected to pass through the canal upon
ge number of older canal employee aes
d Gatun Locks at 8.06 a. m. and passed
m. After passing through Gatun Lake
at Pedro Miguel at 12.51 p. m., leaving
upper Miraflores Locks at 1.55 p. m. and
. m., passing into the Pacific.
n entered the lower lock at Gatun at

en
es.
y,
ra

d at 2 p. m., the total time of lookage
She arrived at Pedro Miguel at 2.82
passing out into Miraflores Lake at
flores Locks at 4.05 p. m., and passed

Pacific at 5.40 p. m.

FIRST

COMMERCIAL

LOOKAGE

FROM

THE

PACIFIC

TO THE

ATLANTIC.

The first commercial lockage going north occurred on Aust 16,
1914, when the steamshi Pletades of the Luckenbach Steamship Co.
entered the lower chamber of Miraflores Locks at 7.15 a. m. She
passed through to Miraflores Lake at 8.10 a. m., and entered Pedro
Miguel Lock at 8.36 a. min., leaving for Gatun at 9 a. m. She arrived
at Gatun at 3.39 p. inm., leaving the Atlantic side of Gatun Locks at
4.47 p. m.
Further details of operation and maintenance of the locks are

e

[

REPORT

THE

ENGINEER

MAINTENANCE.

When everything is in readiness for a lockage the arrow signal at end of approach
wall is set to enter.
A sall boat with lock pilot aboard meets vessel some distance from end of approach
wall, unless ship ties up at approach wall before the lock pilot returns from the pre-
vious lockage. Small boats with linesmen aboard and linesmen on the approach wall
stand by to receive lines from ship and assist vessel to tie up along approach wall
if necesmry. In general the vessel comes in close alongside center approach wall and
moves toward lock chamber under own power. Light manila heaving lines are cast
from shore by which cables from locomotives are pulled aboard b ship's winches or
linesmen. As a general rule four locomotives are used on ships of less than 300 feet.
It is expected to use eight locomotives on battleships or ships of exceptional size.
As soon as cables from bow locomotives are aboard and made fast a strain is placed
on these lines at signal from the lock pilot and ship is drawn away from approach wall
and forward toward lock chamber, and at the same time cables from other locomotives
are taken aboard. The use of a small boat is necessary to get cables aboard from
locomotives on side walls. When time is available the water level is equalized before
arrival of ship and gates are opened, but fender chain is left up until ship is under
control of locomotives. Ship's engines are stopped before bow of vessel passes fender
chain.
The man in charge of lockage representing the lock force carries a portable phone
which can be connected with the control house at any lamp-post on lock walls. He
notifies control house when to lower fender chain and when to close the gates. The
proper time for opening gates is indicated to control-house operators by the indicators
on control board. All gates are under observation from the control house and cracking
of gates caused by overtravel of water may generally be observed. Attempt is made
to open gates just as soon as they crack so that reverse head assists the operation.
From time locomotive cables are aboard every movement of locomotives is made
in response to standardized signals from lock pilot. Locomotives have a towing speed
of 2 miles per hour. They slacken cables before ascending or descending inchlines.
"During the course of the lockages the ship's engines are used only to assist locomotives
in starting and stopping the ship. The breast locomotives assist-the bow locomotives
in starting the ship and then drop back during the tow and assist stern locomotives in
stopping the ship. On up lockages manila ship cables are attached to snubbing but-
tons on lock walls to assist locomotives to steady ship in lock chamber during filling.
When ready for the water the lock pilot signals the man in charge of lockage who
phones the control-house operator. On down lockages manila cables are held in
readiness but are not attached to snubbing posts because locomotives can easily hold
ship steady in lock chamber. After water in last chamber is equalized with sea level
or lake level, as the case may be, and gates are opened, the locomotives are used only
to steady ship in chamber until propeller is started, after which locomotive cables are
cast off and the ship leaves the locks under its own power. With strong beam winds
and ships well out of the water the locomotives are used to steady the ship until stern
clears the last gates.
On up lockages a pilot boat is used to pick up the lock pilot after the vessel leaves
the lock chamber. On down lockages a counterweighted gangplank running on
wheels is used and pilot comes ashore on center wall just before locomotives' lines are
cast off.
Tunnel operators with silver helpers follow the course of the lockage and stand by
during operation of each machine.
The fender chains for protection of gates are lowered as soon as gates are opened and
raised as soon as gates are closed, with the exception of first noted above.
Tandem lockages, that is, two ships in same chamber at same time are frequently
made where length of each ship is not more than 300- feet. To date the number of
tandem lockages has been limited by the number of locomotives available rather than
by length of lock chambers. A tandem lockage generally takes about 10 minutes more
.?- .. 1 0 0I

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

ness tomake fast to snubbing postson lock walls. Each bow locomotive ispreceded b
a track walker to see that trade is clear The receiving force const ot
charge; 1 boatswain with two small skit; 2 oarsmen each; 6 linesmen on center wall
and 2 lesmen on side walls. The monthly labor cost for this operating crew is:

52 silver men.... .. . * , - .. ... . .. *-.-*-* -, * * ** ** ** .1. . .. . -. . 1 885
TIota l. a a . .. - -aaaa.a-a4. a.....aa -.a 4, 26

The lock pilot is carried on the rolls of the marine division. A tandem .lockge
requires the services of 1 additional lock pilot and 2 additional locomotive operators
with their silver helpers. Parallel lockages require two complete o a shift.
With trained lock pilots, no special difficulty is experienced during niht opera-
tions and no appreciable time is lost. The lighting system on lock wasi very
satisfactory. For night work the lock pilots carry two electric flash lights for *yj
signals, No locomotive operators are used for night work except those fully qu~le
The intermediate chambers are seldom used as no time is saved at Gatan and to
date no economy in water consumption has been necessary.
Lockages have been made at less than regular lockage intervals, that is, with one
ship in first lock while another ship was still in third lock. In this manner ships may
follow each other through the locks at about one-half hour intervals. Small tags ai
launches that can pass under the locomotive cables can be locked down while two or
more ships are coming up, or vice versa; also tugs and barges of light draft may bq
locked through in two lifts by combining middle and lower locks, but no appreciable
time is saved thereby on account of arrangement of interlocking system.
The lock pilots must becapable and experienced men in handling ships and must al6
be familiar with the operation of towing locomotives. The official in charge of the
lockage from the lock force supervises the operation of his force and machinery from the
lock walls and sees that the signals of the lockpilot are promptly and correctly eb e0
Once in locks and under control of locomotives ships are handled easily and safey
As before stated, ships' engines are used in starting and stopping to relieve locomotives
of part of strain and to save time. A few cases of errors or slowness by ships engine
room force in obeying signals have occurred which have demonstrated the utility of
having the separate towing system by towing locomotives. In all cases the locomo-
tives have been able to stop the ship before it reached the fender chains or the gate
The value of being able to call on ship's power in starting and stopping and in case oi
broken cables has also been demonstrated.
Several instances have occurred where vessels have had difficulty in tying up to
approach walls. At upper entrance this trouble has general come rnm high winds
especially with ships that do not handle easily. No appreciable difficulty occur due
to opening of valves for filling upper chamber. Float observations in lake near end of
approach wall indicate that there is a slight current toward spillway when spillway
gates are open. .
At the lower entrance difficulty in entering or tying up is encountered principally on
account of spilling or on account of current caused by meeting of fresh and salt water
when gates are opened. Difficulty here also is principally observed ina ships that do
not handle easily either through lack of power or slow response to engme-room signals.
To facilitate arrival of ships at lower entrance the gates are left open afl nmght or one gate
is opened at 6 a. m., so that currents may die out before arrival of first ship. At other
times, providing time is available, spilling is completed and gates are opened before
vessel reaches one-half mile point or these operations are delayed until vessel is made
fast.
GENERAL MAINTENANCE.
- S -- 5 -� - - _-_ . J _ _ __

"" ,,,,, ,,, ,,,,, � ,,7 ,, ,,, � ,,,

REPORT

THE

ENGINEER

OF MAINTENANCE.

effort is being made to qualify all as locomotive operators, tunnel operators, and on
emergency dams. Extra men must also be broken in as control-house operators.
General foreman and general operators must be ready in emergencies to take charge
of lines or lockages. All locomotive operators are trained by one man so that the same
system is followed throughout.
The length of time required to qualify a locomotive operator who has had consider-
able experience electrically or mechanically varies from one to three weeks, depending
on circumstances.
PACIFIC LOCKS.

F. C. Clark, Superintendent.

OPERATION.
The operating crews have acquired a high degree of proficiency, and the time of
lockage has been materially reduced and is now at a minimum, averaging in the
neighborhood of 25 minutes at Pedro Miguel and about 45 minutes at Miraflores.
At about the time two-shift operation was started, use of the 600-foot chamber was
commenced for ships of 400 feet in length and under, principally for the purpose of
assisting the regulation of Miraflores Lake and for the saving of time.
Delays to traffic due to failures of lock equipment during the year have been of
negligible magnitude. But two cases have occurred due to failure of the machinery.
One was due to a motor burning out, the delay amounting to about one-half hour;
and the other due to the breakage of a locomotive line in one of the trial lockages.
Delays due to failures on the part of the operators have in all amounted to less than
an hour.
Studies of the surges and currents of the locks have been continued, and the results
so far as possible applied to facilitate regular operation. Surging due to the drawing
of water from Gaillard Out is apparent. The period of the surge is such that with
successive lockages the amplitude has reached a value of 2.42 feet. Owing to the
currents produced by these surges, the locks are operated so that after 11 a. m., while
the Out is being dragged, water is drawn at half speed. During the actual passage of
ships through the slide no water is drawn at all. The attached hydrograph (plate No.
76) made at the Pedro Miguel station on March 16 is of interest in this connection.
During the year 1,260 operations were made at Pedro Miguel, 1,085 of which were
for commercial vessels. At Miraflores there were 1,236 operations, 1,085 of which
were for commercial vessels. The increase in the average day's work by months is
shown on the accompanying charts (plates Nos. 73 and 74).
Utilizing the short chamber and the ability to cross fill, in addition to locking ships
down with the same chamber of water by which ships had been locked up, has resulted
in a material reduction in the quantity of water required per lockage. For comparison
the figures are:

September, 1914...........................................................
June, 1915...............................................................

Per lockage.

Pedro Miguel.

Cubi feet.
3,650,000
2,900,000

Miraflores.

Cubic feet.
3,370,000
3,270,000

The comparison of these two months shows a reduction of approximately 20 per
cent for Pedro Miguel and 5 per cent for Miraflores.

72

In addition to the
of labor expended in
and lubricating the
gates, greasing miter
out of the forebays,
lamp renewals, etc.
It was also necessa
account of settlement
has about ceased an
give a permanent cox

THE PANAMA CANAL,

work of the above nature, there has been a considerable amount
cleaning machinery', switchboards, floors, and copings, inspecting
machinery, sounding and inspecting the interior of the miter
and quoin post faces to preserve against corrosion, cleaning dr
adjusting and checking adjustments of the equipment, making

ry to level and line up the quadrants of the emer ency dam on A>
t of the foundation. The present indications are t settle
i that one more adjustment on each of the four quadrants ei
idition.I
BACK FILL.
^~-^^^^'*^"Ir^'W^W ^
AAjA'jLLJ : KK KKKK Ksi ^^^^xS
H-X^ Xv*T *** *
^It^ k tU |W 1 m|W ^ I :::: ::*::: *::: *'* K*
r% H H Il ~ -*S M-:!':'M..^:*<*: ...N
..*.~j: ..* * *f *T** * ^ * _. .... ... ... �-. . .. ...-
1^^ ^TI^^^ -^^^ ^' ^ ^ T^^� p K^ K.. .... ....

The work of grading the back fill at Pedro Miguel was commenced min October, 1914,
when the grass and high weeds were cut down. All scrap was then removed and the
water-pipe line on the east side lowered. By the latter part of March coerable
work had been done on both the east and west back fill and the spaces in the concrete
in all three walls had been graded and planted with grass. In order to complete tbi
work before the rainy season set in, the force was increased in the early part of Aprtil
All the grading work was practically completed by the latter part of at month an
was fini ed in May.
The work of grading the back fill at Miraflores was commenced in October, 1914,
also by cutting grass and weeds and removing rubbish. The work of grading was
started in November, and by the end of January ractically all the spaces in the lock
walls had been graded and planted in grass. Te force was increased considerably
in May, and the work was practically completed by the latter part of that'month.
The only part of the backfill remaimng to be graded is the lower level on the e
side and the slope between the upper and lower locks on the west side.
In the course of grading, the permanent tracks and sidewalks required have been
laid and the necessary switches installed. Construction tracks have been removed
and serviceable material returned to the' store.

OPERATION

OF FLOATING CAISSON.

Floatin caisson No. 1 arrived from San Francisco October 2, 1914, and was in-
stalled at Miraflores Locks for test purposes. It was given a complete test, and some
faulty electrical connections and defects were corrected.
The caisson was then used for unwatering the east chamber at Miraflores for th
purpose of cleaning and painting the miter gates and the rising stem valves. This
work on the east side was completed in March, and the caisson was then installed on
the west side, where the same work was done on the miter gates and rising stem valves
as on the east side.
At the time Miraflores Locks were unwatered a thorough inspection of the conditions
of fixed irons, valves, and equipment in the culverts was made. This inspection
revealed the fact that a galvanic action had taken place in the salt water between
metals of different kinds. Tests have been made on preservative coatings having
insulating properties, and it appears that this action can be eliminated.
The greatest action is apparent on the side seal strips of the rising stem valves.
These strips are of relatively small dimensions and are so constructed as to be easily
removed and replaced. At this time 10 of the rising stem valves were coated with
bitumastic enamel. The cylindrical valve leathers and seats were scraped and iuMsng
and broken bolts replaced and a large amount of debris removed from the chambers
and culverts. The caisson itself was painted in its entirety.

ELECTRICAL

DIVISION.

.. .:** /*. ..*. ..:**
.:' *ffS.S
1-- :^^ *l^

* ** **^*.*" *^: ****
/**I . :' ""
:. 1:. * * .
K^ *K
^a ** .:|
**' .\, :^
. ...........
* . - *******
/< *IK ^
* "" *w ^
: *M.

REPORT

OF TEN ENGINEER OF

MAINTENANCE.

system from the Panama Railroad on April 1, 1915,
of all work in connection with fire-alarm systems
and fire division on the same date.
The hydroelectric station at Gatun was placed
July 13, 1914, and has been operating continuously
or incident worthy of mention since tat date. Th
stations of the transmission system were placed in
early part of December, 1914, and the entire 44,000-'
line on January 2, 1915. The operation of the trar
as a whole has been generally satisfactory up to
Putting into service of the hydroelectric station,
atun steam station was discontinued, and when t]
the transmission line enabled the load at the south
to be transferred to Gatun, Miraflores steam plan

a stand-by status, and has be
January 2, 1915.
The rapid growth of the elect
with the construction of plain
power apparatus that were no
the plans for the hydroelectric
1911, has rendered it advisable
in the capacity of the hydroel
station is sufficient for present
will be made within the next

en operated as a res

and the transfer
from the police

in operation on
without mishap
a four main sub-
operation in the
volt transmission
mission system
date. With the
the operation of
hie completion of
end of the canal
t was placed on
erve plant since

rical demand on the Isthmus, together
nts of various kinds with electrical
t foreseen and considered at the time

station were adop
to take up the qu
ectric station at a
needs, but heavy
few months for di

compressors, coaling plants, cold storage pl
laneous purposes. These additional loads co
Miraflores steam station, but only at an incre
the power required of at least three-quarters
hour. While the aggregate increased cost
estimated on account of the uncertainties as
editions, it would unquestionably be of suffice
considerable expenditures in increasing the
electric station.
The electrical engineer is now investigating
that consultation with the manufacturers of
and turbines indicates a strong possibility of
increase of approximately 40 per cent over
the station by changing the turbine runners
ing changes in certain other elements of the g
rr U0 __ . S .

ant,
uld
ased
Sof
can
to t
ient
capf

ted in the spring of
Sstion of an increase
n early date. The
additional demands
ry-dock pumps, air
and other miscel-
be taken care of by
Cost for generating
a cent per kilowatt
not be accurately
he future load con-
amount to justify
city of the hydro-

the matter, and reports
the present generators
being able to secure an
the present capacity of
mnd making correspond-
enerating and transmis-
g I �

sion system. He estimates the cost o0 the necessary changes m the
hydroelectric station alone at $22,500 and of the other changes for
additional cables and transformers at $50,000. It appears at the
present time that this work can be done within the appropriation
allotments for the fiscal year 1916. From present indications it is
+-tnnniit+fk0 T+ +1,a~cin, nlvioy^^n rrrn, n~il hn aA'rr~can~kl b1ti�4 tk0A moffQrnHna11 bmN

THE

.44 cents and .99 cents
duction cost of current
six months of the fiscal
Marked erosion of the

PANAMA

CANAL.

per kilowatt hour,
at Miraflores stean
year was .97 cents p
baffle viers at Gatux

respectively. TE
1 station during the
er lkilowatt hour.
1 spillway has take

during the last rainy season aid extensive repairs are contemplated
during the coming ry season. .
Work is in progress at the close of the fiscal year on the removal
of the temporary portion of Miraflores steam station building and t
replacement by permanent concrete construction.
The Empire steam power plant was shut down permanently on
September 17, 1914, and the Balboa plant on May 23, 1915. The
operation of the Empire air-compressor plant was discontinued on
the same date as the power plant. The alboa air-compressor plant
has continued to operate throughout the year for'the supply of air
to Balboa shops and the terminal construction work in the Balboa
district.
Two small substations, one at Gamboa of 1,332 KVA transfomer
capacity for the supply of power to the pumping and gravel handling
plants at that place, and one at Darien of 532 KVA transformer
capacity for the naval radio station were constructed and placed aw
operation during the year.
The operation of the 13 electric cargo-handling cranes of the
Panama Railroad on Balboa pier was conducted throughout the
year by the electrical division. The construction, operation, and
maintenance of telephone, telegraph, and railway signal systems for
the Panama Railroad was conducted after April 1, 1915. The tele
phone and telegraph system on the Isthmus was entirely reconstructed
during the fiscal year. The shifting of the major portion of the teje-|
phone load from the Empire-Culebra district to Balboa necessitated
a rearrangement of central offices, and the completion of the trans-
isthmian 4-duct conduit line and installation therein of a 5-pair
duplex, loaded, lead-sheathed telephone and telegraph cable enabled
about 2,000 miles of overhead telephone, telegraph, and signal WBir
to be removed. The automatic block signal system of the Panama
Railroad which has been under construction for the past three years
was completed during the fiscal year.
The usual operation and maintenance work min connection with
electrical overhead and underground distribution systems, house
and street lighting systems, throughout the Canal Zone, and installa-
tion, maintenance, and repair of electrical apparatus for all depart-
ments and divisions was done by the electrical division. An electrical
repair shop was organized and equipped during the year, and over
300 repair jobs of various magnitudes completed.
A large amount of electrical construction work was done through-
-0- � . *. _�.� k. *- V

!

nrst

KK KKK K^KK

' ** II; ' '^
. /<
:!. t^:
*: /3.
:!* *
:!M:'
/ ":

REPORT

OF THE

ENGINEER

OF MAINTENANCE.

installations at the three radio stations.

on Balboa Dock and

berm
tion
New
towns

eranes
as part
series i

material

A new system was installed

the electrical equipment at the four

dismantled,
of the new
incandescent

Ancon-Balboa,
purchased and

Scompletio. nE
electric light and

service

were

towns of Pe

cables,
remains

but as a

d

thoroughly
Balboa c
street-light
Pedro Mig
hhe install

overhauled,

oaling-plant

systems
atun,
carried

[erground conduit systems
power and for telephone, t

constructed
ro Miguel,
transformers
to be done

whole

Gatun,

Ancon-Bal

and

, etc., insta
on the unc

an'
equ
we]
and

;elegraph, a
boa district

Cristobal-Colon,
lled. A small

Lerground

the work is over 90 per

ce:

building operations during the past year
and other buildings for The Panama Canal,
IY 'U S al I -

Department
� " * A

sion in
lation
the re]

of li
port

Involved
aration ol

systems,
electric

considerable

M

d its re

iraflores
installa-

ipment begun.
re designed for
SCristobal, the
90 per cent of
distribution of

id fire-alarm

and

and
the

Amount

distribution
distribution

nt complete.

on permanent
the Army, and

work for

neces-
work

systems,

The

active

quarters
the Navy
* i*

electrical

designs and specifications and
etc.. the details of which are

la

engineer,

which

follows:

divi-

the instal-
covered in

ELECTRICAL DIVISION.

Capt.

Rose, Electrical Engineer.

At the beginning of the fiscal year the duties of the electrical division comprised
the operation and maintenance of all power plants, air-compressor plants, electrical
transmission and distribution systems, and electric cargo-handling cranes; the design,
construction, operation, and maintenance of the permanent underground electrical
distribution systems for The Panama Canal and of all street and building lighting
systems; the installation, operation, maintenance, and repair of electrical apparatus
of all kinds for other departments and divisions of The Panama Canal.
During the fiscal year the duties of the electrical division have been increased by
the assignment to it of the following work:
On July 15, 1914, the division of erection was abolished and the remaining electrical
work on the permanent substations and the 44,000-volt transisthmian transmission
line was assigned to the electrical division.
On July 15,1914, the electrical work in connection with the installation of the new
pumping and filtration plants of the municipal divisioft was transferred from that
division to the electrical division.
On April 1, 1915, all construction, operation, and maintenance work in connection
with telephone and telegraph systems and railway signal systems was transferred
from the Panama Railroad to the electrical division, and on the same date the work
on the fire-alarm systems was transferred to this division from the police and fire
division.

DIVISION

OFFICE AND DESIGNING

WORK.

The usual office work was done throughout the year in connection with miscellaneous
correspondence, reports, power and compressed-air accounting, and other routine
papers. Plans were developed and specifications Drenared for underground cond nit

of

1

p

* '*I:

yr

** ,l

sar
stil

f

mm

1 �

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

OPERATION

OF POWER PLANTS.

Hydroelectric station.--The hydroelectric station at Gatun, which had been turned
over to this division in a partially completed condition on June 18, 1914 waspugiflj
tothsdiiso"i parial sice which date it has been in continuous oea
regular operation on July 13, 114, aine which it has been in contuiis opei*a-
tion. The Gatun steam plant was shut down on the same date and has not since thMen
been operated for the generation of power .
The first year's operation of this plant has been highly satisfactory so far as the
operating characteristics of all machines and apparatus are concerned. With the
exception of brief peak loads on a few occasions the hydroelectric stationhas
the entire electrical load of The Panama Canal without assistance from the ste
station at Miraflores since January 2, 1915, the date of putting into serve the sectTn
of the transmission line between Gatun and Miraflores. A duplicate iter b ad
duplicate Tirrell voltage regulator have been installed during the past fiscal year.
A fairly large proportion-about 30 per cent-of thepresent oad is due to motor-driven
relay pumps of the dredging division, operated in connection with their dredging nor
at Balboa terminals, Cucaracha slide, and the east breakwater at Colon Harbor. ThiM
portion of the load must be considered as only temporary, but from present indications
it does not appear that there will be any substantial reduction in its amount for atleat
a year,
It has become obvious from studies of present and prospective load conditions tat
notwithstanding the reduction in power demand that will eventually occur, due to
the shutdown of the relay pumps and to the discontinuance of other temporary loads
of lesser magnitude, the present generating equipment in the hydroelectric station
will be inadequate to meet the demand for power within a very few months, due
heavy increases in load that are in immediate prospect.
The principal increases that are to be expected are as follows:
(1) Balboa shops motor-drivenb air compressors, connected load approximately 1500
h~rse�b.eka a loa 1,0 hospoe, prob; .x .:

horsepower, peak load 1,500 horsepower, probable load factor 60 per cent
(2) Balboa cold-storage plant ammonia compressors, and misceHlaneous light d
power, connected load approximately 500 horsepower, peak load 460 horsepower,
probable load factor 80 .er cent.
(3) Balboa coal-handling plant, connected load approximately 1,300 horsepower,
pea load 1.000 horsepower, probable load factor impossible of prediction
(4) Crigtobal coal-handling plant, connected load approximately 4,100 ho sepoer,
peak load 3,000 horsepower, probable load factor impossible of prediction.
(5) Dry-dock pumps, cap stans, and miscellaneous light and power, connected
loadco approximately 5,000 horsepower, peak load 4,500 horsepower, probable loa
factor uncertain but very low.
(6) Charging sets for United States Navy submarines, connected load approxmsea ty
1,300 horsepower, peak load 1,000 horsepower, probable load factor uncertain ibut
very low.
(7) Miscellaneous light and power at Forts Randolph, Sherman and Grant, con-
nected load approximately 500 horsepower, peak load 150 horsepower, probable bad
factor 30 per cent.
In the above summary of future loads the load factor is based on the ratio of 24-
hour average load to connected load.
The present load on the hydroelectric station, exclusive of relay pumps and otht
ternorary demands, averages about 3,500 kilowatts on week days wit a 2-hour
eak of slightly over 4,000 kilowatts, 5-minute peaks of over 4 ,500 ilowattes and
oad factor of about 90 per cent based on ratio of average load to 24hour peak load. The
power factor at the station averages about 80 per cent. At this power factor the
aheage .vrg load tt conese poad. fato ?

three turbo-generator sets at the hydroelectric station have a combined rating of
6,000 kilowatts, and their output is limited to about 6,600 kilowatts by the a psity
of the water wheels.

REPORT

THE

ENGINEER

OF MAINTENANCE.

constantly increase. I think it is certain, considering all additional loads that are
still to come upon our power system, that the increased cost of steam generation
would certainly aggregate $50,000 per annum and might aggregate double that amount.
The decision as to the number and size of the generating units as at present installed
in the hydroelectric station was made in May, 1911, and was based on studies made
prior to that date of probable power demands so far as they could be foreseen at the
time, These studies were probably as accurate as could e made at a period over
four years ago, considering the undeveloped stage of the plans for shops, dry docks,
coaling plants, waterworks, military posts, etc.2 at that time. Since then condi-
tions have arisen that have called for the addition of very heavy power loads that
were not considered at all in these early studies. Among these may be mentioned
the new Panama waterworks system, the electrification of the Mount Hope Dry
Dock shops, the Balboa coaling plant, the Balboa cold-storage plant, and the storage-
battery charging sets for the United States Navy submarines.
The net result of these early studies was to show a probable day load of about 4,000
kilowatts, assuming that the Panama Railroad would not be electrified and that
electric current would not be generally used for domestic purposes, such as cooking,
assuming the railroad electrification, and the general domestic use of current, the
probable day load was computed as approximately 5,000 kilowatts'with a 1-hour
peak of 5,700 kilowatts. It will be seen that on these assumptions the installation
of generating equipment of 6,000 kilowatts capacity allowed a reserve for future
growth of about 1,000 kilowatts, since the 1-hour peak could be carried as an
overload and therefore disregarded so far as the capacities of the generators were
concerned.
Later developments have not led to the electrification of the Panama Railroad,
and there does not appear to be any immediate prospects of economic conditions
justifying such electrification. There is a very considerable demand for domestic
purposes-although no general installation of electric cooking appliances has been
made, such as was apparently contemplated in the studies. Unexpected increases,
however, in such loads as were contemplated, together with the addition of loads
that were never contemplated at all, some of which have been mentioned above,
make it apparent that the reserve allowed for was insufficient and that in the interest
of economy the capacity of the hydroelectric station should be increased.
That such increase was bound, in time, to be required, was taken into account in
the design and construction of the present station, and openings have been left min the
forebay wall for the installation of three additional penstocks with the necessary
headrgate apparatus, and the electrical apparatus in the station proper has been ar-
ranged on a unit system so that additional units can be installed with the minimum
of trouble and expense. Notwithstanding these arrangements, however, an increase
in capacity in this station effected by installing additional units will involve a heavy
expense. The total cost of the present station was approximately $650,000, of which
$340,000 was for building construction. Considering present conditions as to prices
of electrical equipment in the States and the labor situation on the Isthmus, it is
doubtful if the station could be duplicated at the present time for less than the amount
given above. It would be unwise to make any addition to the present building with-
out extending it so as to provide for three more units-a duplication of the present
plant. This extension would cost as much as the original building.
I believe that the necessity for this extensive construction work can be postponed
for several years at least by a comparatively inexpensive change in the present plant
that will increase its capacity by approximately 40 per cent. As stated previously,
the present generating units are limited to 2,200 kilowatts output at 80 per cent power
factor by the capacity of the water turbines, which are rated at 3,000 horsepower.
The generators, on the other hand, are very liberally rated and the manufacturers state
can be operated without injurious rise in temperature at 3,000 kilowatts at 80 per cent
power factor, or 3,600 kilowatts at 90 per cent power factor. The turbine manufac-
itnror flat'ata thatll mr r~hnn~rynnn +KQ*ith rnnnnra in^ lnirnr~i lir�-nn. T-W nvnircan fl^njtn nn1t�+nc 0+4

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

former sad oil switch equipment would have to be installed in Gatun and Cristobal
substations at an estimated cost of $25,000 for material and labor. The additional i
cables and substation equipment would be required no matter what method were .
adopted for increasing the capacity of the hydroelectric station. None of this work
would be lost in case later developments on the Isthmus rendered necessary the e
tension of the hydroelectric station and the installation of additional -ie
work could be completed within a comparatively short time say six months from e
date of placing orders for the equipment, and can probably be done with funds avail-
able from appropriations for the fiscal year 1916. Investigations made to date appear
to indicate the advisability of making these changes, although the matter is still ud
consideration and will be made the subject of further report and recommendation
upon the completion of the investigations now in progress.
The production cost of current delivered from the switchboard of the hydroelectric
station during the period from July 13, 1914, the date the station was fret put tut
service, to June 30, 1915, was .17 cents per kilowatt hour. From July 13 1914, to
January 2, 1915, the station was operating on very light load on account of the trans
mission line not being in service and costs were unduly high. From January 1 t
June 30, 1915, during which period the station was operating under normal condt,
the cost was .09 cents per kilowatt hour. These costs include all operation, mainte-
nance and division overhead charges, but do not include a charge of 3 per cent per
annum of the capital cost of the entire power system that is being charged into our
monthly accounts against the cost of power to cover functional depreciationr For
convenience in accounting the depreciation of the entire system, including trans-
mission line, substations, and distribution systems is charged into the cost of power
at the generating station. If this depreciation charge is included, the cost of power
at the hydroelectric station for the fiscal year was .59 cents per kilowatt hour, and fto
the last six months of the fiscal year .44 cents per kilowatt hour.
The operation and maintenance of Gatun spillway was conducted during the
by the power station employees without incident worthy of special mention. Con-
siderable erosion of the baffle piers has taken place during the present rainy season
which will require extensive repairs during the next dry season. It is believed tha
future trouble can be eliminated by extending the area of the exposed surface that is
protected by heavy cast-iron plates to include the two short sides of the piers, and
protecting by steel angles the concrete floor in the angle formed by the vertical sides
of the pier with the floor.
Mirafiores steam station.-Miraflores steam station was operated on load from the
beginning of the fiscal year until January 2, 1915, when the transmission line was Put
into service. Since that date it has been operated as a reserve plant, several boilers
being kept under steam and up to pressure at all times so as to provide for a prompt
resumption of service in case of failure of the transmission line. It has also on a few
occasions assisted the hydroelectric station by carrying peak loads of 200 or 300 kilo-
50K VA beenerto
watts for brief periods. One or two of the 1,500- V. turbo generators have bee,
kept "floating" on the line at all times, so as to be in immediate readiness for service
in case of emergencies, and also for power factor correction by operation as a synchro-
nous condenser.
For the first six months of the fiscal year the production cost of current at the Mira-
flores station was .97 cents per kilowatt hour, of which .71 cents was for fuel. The
average net output for the same period was 158 kilowatt hours per barrel of oil.
At the time the Miraflores station was constructed in the early pan of the calendar
year 1909 it was thought that when the new power system for the canal would be con-
structed the Miraflores substation building could be combined with the steam-station
building for economy in construction and operation. The west end of the steam-sta-
tion building was therefore constructed in a temporary manner of wood and galvanized
iron instead of concrete, to permit the addition of a wing for the substation. The later
developments in the substation plans when their details came to be worked out tan-
_ L � - S S *S- *� w B.. �

	Front Cover
	Title Page
	Table of Contents
	List of Illustrations
	Report of the Governor of the Panama...
	Appendix A: Report of the engineer...
	Appendix B: Report of the engineer...
	Appendix C: Report of the resident...
	Appendix D: Report of the superintendent,...
	Appendix E: Report of the marine...
	Appendix F: Report of the chief...
	Appendix G: Report of the resident...
	Appendix H: Report of the...
	Appendix I: Report of the chief...
	Appendix J: Report of the executive...
	Appendix K: Report of the special...
	Appendix L: Report of the district...
	Appendix M: Report of general purchasing...
	Appendix N: Tables
	Appendix O: Acts of Congress affecting...
	Appendix P: Charts showing organization...
	Back Matter
	Back Cover

MILLISECOND	CLASS.METHOD	MESSAGE
0	sobekcm_page_globals.constructor
0	sobekcm_page_globals.constructor	Application State validated or built
0	sobekcm_database.verify_item_lookup_object
0	sobekcm_page_globals.constructor	Navigation Object created from URI query string
0	sobekcm_database.verify_item_lookup_object
0	sobekcm_page_globals.display_item	Retrieving item or group information
0	sobekcm_page_globals.get_entire_collection_hierarchy	Retrieving hierarchy information
0	sobekcm_assistant.get_entire_collection_hierarchy
0	cached_data_manager.retrieve_item_aggregation
0	cached_data_manager.retrieve_item_aggregation	Found item aggregation on local cache
0	item_aggregation_builder.get_item_aggregation	Found 'all' item aggregation in cache
0	system.web.ui.page.page_load (ufdc.page_load)
0	sobekcm_page_globals.constructor.on_page_load
0	html_echo_mainwriter.add_style_references	Adding style references to HTML
0	html_echo_mainwriter.add_text_to_page	Reading the text from the file and echoing back to the output stream
116	html_echo_mainwriter.add_text_to_page	Finished reading and writing the file