Annual report of the Isthmian Canal Commission for the year ending ..

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Digitized by the Internet Archive

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Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation

0

ANNUAL

REPORT

OF THE

T

H

M

A

A

N

A

0

M

M

0

N

AND

THE

ANAMA

CANAL

FOR THE

FISCAL
ENDED

YEAR

IUNE

1914

ERRATUM.
[Annual report of the Isthmian Canal Commission and the Panama Canal for the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1914.1

The use of the expression

report is erroneous.

" kilowatt volt ampere

The usual expression

"KVA,

" throughout this
" which was used

in the original manuscript. should have been printed.

I

*' \

' - %

* '

'

^ .

**

�:

/

I-

*

*

-

T

r

TABLE

OF

CONTENTS.

Page.
1

Report of the Governor of the Panama Canal ..
Organization .......... ----- - - -
C construction ................................---------------------------- -- -

Personnel --�-----� �-��--
Locks and dams----------- -
Gatun Locks - .--.....-------

Gatun
Gatun
Pedro
Mirafl
Mirafl
Lock
Gate
Miter

Spillway .........
Dam--------
Miguel Locks..-
ores Locks
ores Dam and Spill
gates .---.----.
machines ......

---- - - - -
--------------------------------------------------------------- --------------
------------- -----------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------- -----
way-------
-- ------ - - ------------------------------- -
- ---------------------------------------------------------- --

forcing machines__

Rising stemn valves --..-----------------------
Guard valves .-------------------------
Auxiliary culvert valves--- ---- ----------------
Cylindrical valve machines---- ----------------------
Chain fender machines ------------------------
Spillway gates ..-----------------------------
Towing-track material ------ --------- -----------

Towing locomotives ----
Illumination of the locks
Remote control ----
Hydroelectric plant
High-power transmission

a --- - -----a-----------------------------------------------------
-a--------------------------------------------------------------
a------------------------

line-

-- - -------------------
- a--- --- - a-- -

Cables

a-a------------------------------------------

Telephone system -

Emergency dams_
Floating caissons
Pontoon bridge ----
Operation of the locks
Electrical division -_
Municipal engineering
Meteorology and hydrO
General surveys --

- - a- -a---------------------------------------------------------------- - -
a~-- a---------------------------------------------------------------- -- -
-- - --------------------------- --------------------------------------------- -
a--- --------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------
- ------------------ ----
)graplly----------------------- ---a- - - --
- - - - ----------------------------------------------------------

TABLE

OF CONTENTS.

Report of the governor of the Panama Canal-Continued.
Construction-Continued.
Division of terminals-Continued.
Cristobal coaling plant ---- -----.......... - ---- a .

Page.
40

Fuel-oil plants--- .....-- ---------
Quay walls and pier .----- - -- -
Ancon quarry--.. ...- ------- --
Sand service----- .. --. -------- --
Panama Railroad freight yards----
Colliers -.------- - -. ---
Tugs ----------- ---------------------
Floating cranes ....- -------

Balboa town site--
Radio station . .
Supply department......
Cost keeping ----......-- ---
Accounting department-----
Executive department ..
Customs service -----

Administration of estates-- -
Division of posts --
Division of schools ----- --
Police and fire division----

CourTimekeepings ------------
Timekeeping -...........-......

------ ------ -- -- -- -
------ --. ------- -
-- - -- - - - a- -

- -- a-- - ---------a- -

---------------------------------

-- - -------------------------------------------- -

- - - - -- - - ------------------------------------ ----- -- -
-------------------------
--- - a

------------------------- ----------------------------------

------ ------------------ -- ------ --- -----

a ---- -----a--a-a-- -
a- a-a-------------------------a-a-- - a
--- ----------------------------------------------- -----------------
-a - - - - - - - - - - -

Clubs and playgrounds .....------------
Canal Record.- ---------- ------------

Lawa ......----- .----------------------
Washington office ----------- ---- ----------------------
Operation and maintenance-- ----------------- ---
Sanitation --------..------------------------.-------..----
Division of hospitals and charities --------------
Sanitary division -. .- --------- ---- --------------------
Quarantine division .-------- -------------
FortiQcations ....d----------------------------------------------

APPENDIX A.

Report of the engineer of maintenance .a -. .-----------------.. -a
Lock gates and protective devices--- ..--.-- ----a.--- ---
Chain fenders - - ---- -------a- -a-a--a----.-----aa-a-.- ----
Chain - ---- --------------- ------ -------------------
Lock entrance caissons -----.-- ---------------------
Pontoon bridge ------------------------ ------------ ---
ro1T.fnvd nt tha - wnrlr __- ---

OF CONTENTS.

Report of the engineer of maintenance--Continued.
Emergency dams -.-.-_-_-_-.______.................. z ..._.. _-
Electrical division _ ..-- - ...--.--....... -_____-_
Division office and designing force .....__
Operation of power plants_- .......... . - --.__
Operation of air compressor plants .. . . . . .
Maintenance of building and street lighting system.....
Transmission and distribution line construction and mainte-
nance work ......... -.--.-----... _ - __-_-_--_
Electrical work in permanent buildings_ a...--..-
Electrical work in new Balboa shopsops........
Operation and maintenance of electric cargo-handling cranes...
Miscellaneous....a ______ ....- ----� _��
Division of municipal engineering ...f.-.-....-__- ......
Office engineer.--..-. .---...------__--- ..
Section of meteorology and hydrography .----�.. .......-.--
Discharge at the spillway ...- ---__ -------
Leakage at spillway- -................- -. ---------- _
General surveys -..... .. ..-------............. ----__.-
Division of lig hthouses.. .. .. .......... ---------

Page.
85
85
86
86
87

APPENDIX A-1.

Report of electrical and mechanical engineer.

Erection work-Concrete -.a.---.
Gatun hydroelectric station- -.. .
Transmission line material..........
Gatun substation
Cristobal substation . ..
Miraflores substation_
Balboa substation .........
Darien substation ...
Gamboa substation.-------
Transmission line system-----

Track

span

bridges .

- --- ------

- -... ..... ... . _ 95

Jlm

Transmission

es a -.. . . ...

Transmission line strain and suspension insulators..

Lock machinery-

----- - a-- a - - - - - - -------- ---- - - - - ----- - a - a -

Rising stem gate valve machines-Mechanical equipment --
Rising stem gate valve machines---Electrical equipment ...
Operation a. _ a.a..- - .- .---------- - - - -
Operation of rising stem gate valve machines under full head
Cylindrical valve machines .-- --_........... -.-.--....

Auxiliary culvert valve machines ....
flnfrd vnlve mnihinps

TABLE

es_______

TABLE

OF CONTENTS.

Report of electrical and mechanical engineer-Continued.

- s--a- -- - -- ---------- -- ---a -S-f--
- a ------------- a- ------------ - -
----- - ----- - -- - --- ------ ------
--------------- ---- ------ -a- --- -

Lock transformer-room equipment...- -- -.
Special transformer-room equipment- --
Insulated cable -.--- ----- ------- --- --
Chain-fender machines --- -- .------
Handrail-operating machines- -- -----
Chain-fender sump pumps-- -- ---
Drainage sump and culvert pumps and motors
Operating tunnel doors . .. --. . . .-----.
Illumination --------------------------
Lockages --- ------------------------------

Up lockage
Return lock
Lockage of
Lockages a
Lockages a
Lockage of
Lockage of

--------------------
----- ------ ----- --- -

-- - ---------------------- -- -
- - - - - - - - - - - -

----a-- --- ---a------

of tug Gatu. -- - - --n -.---. .--.----- ----- ---------*-------
age of tug Gatun from Gatun Lake to sea.-
steamship Allianca -.-.--..--.-
t Pedro Miguel ---------
t Miraflores Locks -----------

the Santa Clara_._..
the steamship Ancon----

Emergency dams- ----------------
Tests -------------------------
Telephone system --- --------
Telephone equipment .. -------
Lock-control switchboards .....
Sump pumps, for Cristobal and Balboa
Snubbing posts... --- --------------

-- ---M---h--- -----N
-------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. - - - - - -

- ------------------------------- ------ --------- a
- a------------------------------- ------ --------

-------------------------------------------------------.- - -

substations_
--- - -----------------

--------- --- -

Towing locomotives---- -----
Distribution of locomotives- -
Spillway gate machines-.......---
Tests and operation --.

Pumps

motors

for cable

APPENDIX A-2.

Report of resident engineer, division of munici
Northern district--------------
Southern district - ----------
Waterworks for southern end of canal-
Operation of purification plants .. ....
D designs .-.......... .... .....-- ---- --

pal engineering-----
--- -- - - a--- - -

-- a ----- a- ---- ---

-- ------------------------ a-- - - -----

APPENDIX A--3.

Report of chief hydrographer, section of meteorology and hydrography_.

Personnel --.--------- - --------

------ ------------

Page.
109
109
110
110
110
110
111
112
113
113
114
114
114
115
115
115
116
117
118
118
119
119
119
120
120
122
124
124

crossovers ...-.

TABLE

OF CONTENTS.

Report of chief hydrographer, etc.-Continued.
Meteorology-Continued.
Seismology ..... .._-..........---- - -
Monthly rainfall on Isthmus of Panama-- ----
Maximum rainfall in Canal Zone-----_------
Monthly meteorological data-

Ancon, year
Oulebra, yea
Colon, year
Monthly evapora
Tidal conditions,

1913 . . . . . . -- --
r 1913 .. ----.
1913

tion,
yea

Seismograph records,

Hydrography ..-.
General .
Gatun -.--.
Gamboa --
Alhajuela ---
Vigia ----.-..
Rating station
Special investigation

Page.
144
145
146

- - --- - - ------------------------------------------------
----- ---------------------------------------------------------------

Canal Zone, years 1913,1914, and averages.
r 1913--------------
Ancon, fiscal year ------------

------------- ------ - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--- -
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------a

-----

Currents in Colon Harbor ----
Leakage at Gatun Spillway gates_

Seepage
Hydraul
Current
flores
Monthly
Monthly
and G
Principal
Data on
period
Data on

---------------------------------------------------------------a----------------------------------a
- a--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

west emergency dam pit, Miraflores Locks_

ic conditions below Miraflores Spill

observations

below

west

Locks .--.-..
discharge-Chagres River-
maximum, minimum, and
atun and Miraflores Lakes_
1 freshets

slopes
of Nov
slopes

lower

mean

way-

operating

elevations,

gates

Chagres

at Mira-

River

.i

Report of the engineer of terminal construction--
Organization .........------.
General ..-..--.
Design, drafting, and inspection
Permanent shops
Steelwork -
Closures ..............

ns-

of Chagres River and Gatun Lake during freshet
10--11, 1913
of Chagres River and Gatun Lake during freshet

period of May 21-22, 1914

APPENDIX B.

TABLE

OF CONTENTS.

Report of the engineer of terminal construction-Continued.
Installation of mechanical division and shops---Continued.
Piping ... -... - _ _________. - ........- ......... - -_ ___-
Weight of steel, date of acceptance, and contract payments-Bal-
boa shop buildings .................. _.----..__-
Amount of tile erected on permanent shop buildings-_- ..- -
Amount of roof tile manufactured by American Cement Tile Co_
Amount of Barrett specification roofing erected in permanent
shop buildings -. ........ ..----�� .........-.......
Horsepower of motors and their distribution in Balboa shop
buildings.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _. .. _
Number and size of lights in Balboa shop buildings ...... ...
Calculated illumination in Balboa shop buildings-- .....-.-..- -
Per cent completion of electrical installations, Balboa shop build-
rin g s .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . -. ... -_. -
Floor area, in square feet, of various departments of permanent
shop buildings ................---- ----- -- -
Contracts placed for material for permanent shops _.. _

Page.
172

172
173

173

174
174
175

176

177
177

Old and new equipment
ling plants, dry docks,
Designs -.-.
Coaling plants. .
Military usefulness- -
Commercial usefulness
Canal usefulness.
Colliers -------..
Dry docks-----
Floating cranes --..
Pontoons ---.--..
Machinery --
Electrical equipment -

Lt install
floating

ed in Balboa shops- -.-. __- -
cranes, and radio stations

----- - ---� ------------------- -----

**

Erection -........- ----......
Radio stations- .. . . . . . . ..... . .. .
-oil plants- - - ---
and wharf construction-Pacific terminals.
General .a........-.....
Quay wall " G H I " and Pier No. 1 ----
Small-boat landings a....___________a
Quay walls "D E" and "E F "__----

-a --------
------------------------- --

- - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Unloader and reloader wharves

Tu-gs . . ...... --..
Dimensions of tugs__
Hull and machinery_
Roilers ani enwiins.

- - - a - - -----------------------------------------------------a - - -
a a - ---- -- -- - -- -- - -- -- aa a -- a

Fuel
Pier

TABLE

OF CONTENTS.

Report of the engineer of terminal construction-Continued.
Construction work-Pacific terminals---Continued.
Balboa coaling plant...--- ---------. --_...

Page.
203

Excavation -......-..---
Concrete -.---------
Filling and embankment---
Quay walls and piers. . .
Quay wall "G 0H I "....-...
Bulkhead quay wall "I J M
Pier No. 1.......-------
Quay wall " E F .---..--

Shops .----------
Machine foundationst-
Shops tunnel.......
Drainage ........
* Precise levels .
Panama Railroad yards.
Curundu River culvert.- -
Reclamation of land_

Remo
Naos
Ancox
Sand
Person
Work

or

,val of berm cranes fr
Breakwater.. .
i quarry -----.
service ------
nnel

done, Pacific terminals,

Excavation
Drilling, Pa
Dynamite u
Piles driven,
Reinforcing
Fixed steel,

1
C

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

N"

--- -- - -- -- -- --- -- -

- - - ---------------------------------------------------------------------- - - ----------------------------------
-- - - - - ---------------------------- ---- -
-- - -- - ----- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - ------------------------------------------------ - - -
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------
- - - - - -------------------------------------------------- ----- -------------------------------

n Miraflores.

-a----------------------------- - - - -
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -

- ------------------------------------ - - - - - - - - -

fiscal year ----.

)y steam shovels, Pacific terminals
ific terminals .- ------..-----

--------------------------------------------
- - - ------------------------------------
-------------- ----

sed, Pacific terminals-
, track laid, track removed, Pacific terminals.
steel, Pacific terminals ---------.--...
Pacific terminals ....--------.---.

----------
--- - ---- - -

- - - - - - -

Performance of steam shovels, Pacific terminals.....
Progress of caisson operations, Pacific terminals.
Concrete placed, Pacific terminals .------.---.
Material placed on Naos Island Breakwater ------.
Operations, Ancon quarry --------------
Sand unloaded from barges ...-. -- --------
Principal items of hand excavation, Pacific terminals

----- - ----- -
------------
--- ------- --
- - - - ---- - - - -
- ------------------------------------------
- -----------
- --- ------- -

Pile trestles constructed, Pacific terminals .. .. . .
Ditches dug, Pacific terminals - - ----------------------- -
Miscellaneous work done, Pacific terminals ...----------
Construction work-Pacific terminals-Balboa town-site subdivision

Balboa town site-- -.--------------
Drainage and sewerage .--

-----------------------
- ---------------------------------- -

OF CONTENTS.

Report of the engineer of terminal construction---Continued.
Atlantic terminals-Construction-Continued.
Water transportation.--- --------
West breakwater, Colon ------.--------------
East breakwater -......- a..- ---....
Construction work-Atlantic terminals ------
Subdivision of Cristobal coaling plant------

Page.
226
227
227
229
229

APPENDIX C.

resident engineer, dredging division--------
on organization- - --- --- -. . .
re-edg-ing
Yardage removed, first district-
Pedro Miguel Locks to sea .-. ..---....- -.----..
Culebra Cut, Pedro Miguel Locks to Gaminboa Dike __
Yardage removed, second district. ....... ."

- - --------------
------ a a -
a a --- -----
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------a -

First d
First d
Second
Dredging
Atlantii
Gatun
Culebra
Miraflo.
Pacific
Atlanti.

---
- - -

district (Pedro Miguel Locks to sea)
district (ulebra Cut)------
dis r c.. . . _.. . . . .

0

I
L
r

'I

operations --
entrance....
Lake -.----...-.
Cut ------
es Lake - .

..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................a ---- -
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -------
----------------------------------------------- a - ----- - ------- a --------- -
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - - - -
S- ----------------------------------- -

eintrance - - - - ---------------------------------- -----------------------------^ --^^---.---.-.--
terminals - ---

Miscellaneous

Clearings and diversions------------------
Paraiso Wharf -------------------
Pontoon bridge --
Water hyacinths----------- -----
Dry excavation ------------------
Culebra Cut ------------------ ------

OfficSurveys -- - -aa--------------. ---
Offic __

241
241
.242

APPENDIX D.

Report of

superintendent-Mechanical

division.--

Balboa shops ....------ --------------- --
Cri stobal shops and dry dock --- ---- - ---------------------- --
P a raise shops -- - - - - -------------------------- - - --- -------------------------

TABLE

Report of
Divisi
D

Dredges retired for repairs and renewals
Subaqueous rock excavation --- ---

TABLE

OF CONTENTS.

Report of superintendent-Mechanical division-Continued.
Value of work performed by mechanical division, exclusive of Cristo-
bal Dry Dock shops and Paraiso shops, for individuals and cornm-
p a n ie s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... -. . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . . . .-_-.. . . . . . .
Value of work performed by Cristobal dry-dock shops-Abstract of
expenditures .....-------------
Value of work performed by Cristobal dry-dock shops for indi-
viduals and companies ...- .----------------- -
Value of work performed by Paraiso shops-Abstract of expenditures-
Value of work performed by Paraiso shops for individuals and conm-
paq ies-. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .-. .
Total overtime of Paraiso shops and Cristobal dry-dock shops, with
per cent of total pay roll- ------------------
Total overtime of Cristobal dry-dock shops, with per cent of total

pay rol
Total ove;
Actual sh
Applied sl
Output ar
Output an
Output an
Number c
Repairs r
Number o
Hostling

Page.

254

254

254
255

1__-

me of Paraiso shops,

op exp
lop exp
id cost
ad cost
d cost
>f repa
Lade to
f shop
cost-

with per cent of total pay roll...

?nse percentage, dry-dock shops and
iense percentage, dry-dock shops and
of brass castingsl- -----------
of iron castings....
of steel castings ..-....---.
irs to locomotives ------ ---- -
equipment other than locomotives a
and field repairs made to different c

.na

Paraiso shops
Paraiso shops.

nd cars---
:lasses of cars-

- - ----------------------------- ----------

APPENDIX E.

Report of superintendent, division of canal transportation

sion organization ....
Captains of the ports- ----
Board of local inspectors -.-.--
Lighthouse Service---- --
Board of admeasurement ---

Appendix - -- -----------
Report of board of local inspector
Organization and personnel
Navigation laws, etc-----
Accidents and investigations--
Steamboat inspection- ----

- - - - - ---------------------------------------------------------------------- -----
- - - -, a-----a------~--.
- - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - ----
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------- ----
-----
S-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -
-
-
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Licenses
Chauffeu
Navigato
Licenses
Licenses

issued ------------------
ES--- - - - - - - --------------------------------------------
rs of motor boats .-.-
revoked ---- --------------
refused .- .--------------- --- -----------
1 /~f ^^n 1 Sinflfls dat' I aaicnA^r

---- ------------------ -- - ---
-- - --------------------------------
--- - -- - - --- - --
--- - -- - - -- - - - ---

Divi

Report of the chief quartermaster, supply department-Continued.
Quarters...... _ _aa-- a........ a aaaa-----...a - ..---...... .....
Zone sanitation.._ . --.--- .----.. ...------.-----------.--- -------
Corrals .... __-- a--a.- - a -- --.-----------a--------.--- -- ---
Building construction- ---- ..--- -------------.------- - --- -----
Material and supplies -.-------.---a..---------.------.-------.
Receipts a- ---- -.-----.------------------------------
Operations of stores .aa---aa.......----------a---
Mount Hope.. a .a.... a----a--..----..- ---.----
Paraiso ....._. . . - .-------------------------------------

Gatuna .a....... -------a --
Balboa .. ---------------
Generala..... a----------a-
Scrap ......____--- ........---.----a
Sales aaa _ _aaa --.. ......... -.------
Subsistence- ...----.....-----------
Commissary branch ._ --.._
EXHIBIT 1.-Force actually at work
EXHIBIT 2.-Force report, by months

-- - ------------------------------------- ---aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
a a-a------- a --- - a -- ---a
a- -a -a-a-a-a-a-- -- .-a- a-a- a- a
a--a-aa-a-aa---.-aaaa------a-a--
a a flaw -a a a- a -a aa Ca- a-a a a aa a
a aa a---a-a--a-a--a------- a--a
a 5--------------- ----------a-a-
June 30, l9l4a _- a----- ---
(Including contractors' forces),

fiscal year ..... .-- ------- ------------ -- ------
3.-High and low force records, December, 1906, to June 30,
1914 - a a..... -..- aa----aa- .-a....---..
4.-Contract laborers brought to Isthmus by Isthmian Canal
Commission-..---------------------.a.----aa------

EXHIBIT
EXHIBIT

EXHIBIT
EXHIBIT
EXHIBIT
EXHIBIT
EXHIBIT
EXHIBIT

EXHIBIT

5.-Analysis of
6.-Occupants
quarters,
7.-Application

transportation from the Isthmus ... ---
of Panama Canal and Panama Railroad
June 30, 1914 a ..---aa----------------.a
s for married quarters on file June 30,1914_

8.-Animals in corrals June 30, 1914 .---------a-a-
9.-Number of buildings on the Canal Zone June 30, 1914-
10.-New frame structures, fiscal year ....---..------.
11.-Buildings sold and demolished, fiscal year .....
12.-Value of material received during fiscal year on requisi-
tions of various departments- ..--a.---------a.-....
13.-Freight statement, fiscal year ....------- --- ---

EXHIBIT 14.-Important
30, 1914
EKHIBIT 15.-Important
of canal
EXHIBIT 16.-Important
EXHIBIT 17.-Classificati
June 30,

EXHIBIT 18.---Value oJ
EXHIBIT 19.-Rolling

items due on United States requisitions June
------------------------------------------------ - a
items of material purchased from inception
work, 1904 to June 30, 1914 ......
items of material received, fiscal year..
on of material in stock at storehouses,

1914_

- ----------- aaa- aa a aa- a------------
hiand at warehouses, June 30, 1914_-
1, 1914-- ..----------------------
A _. - - - t_ _ . j

TABLE

OF CONTENTS.

Page.

EXHIBIT

EXHIBIT

! stock on 1
stock, Jul1
*

TABLE

OF CONTENTS.

Report of the chief quartermaster, supply department-Continued.
APPENDIx.-Report of resident engineer, etc.-Continued.

Hydroelectri
Transmission
Gatun s
Miraflor
Cristoba
Balboa
Commissary
Commissary,
Shops office,
Fire station
Schoolhouse

station power plant ... _ ...a- -----. -. ---
line substations- .a.a. -..a..-----___
bstation --.... . ... - .- aa_ ....

es substation-___
I substation .
substation ----a.-
warehouse.
Balboa
Building No. 28.

--- -- --------------------- -- --- - --
------ - - ------------------------------------------ -- --

- - ------------------------------ -----U

n- n fl - ------------------------ -- ---

Radio stations .- -a----------- -.
Darien radio station.._._.
Colon radio station
Balboa radio station -...---
Lock control houses- .........
Ancon commissary --.-_ ......
Force . .. . . . . . . .

------ a
a - - -- -
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa - - - - - - - - -

Page.
314
315
316
316
317
318
318
319
.319
320
320
320
320
321
321
321
322

APPENDIX Gr

Report of auditor, accounting departmentL
Organization-.-------------
Permanent accounting system------..
Panama and Colon waterworks accounts

-------------------------- -- - -a
------
- ------------------a - -a

Miscell
Canal
Claims
Canal
Tables

aneous work -------...
Zone accounts......---.-..
for injuries and deaths-_
appropriations- --
submitted with report (for

- a - ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ - - -
-------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------

index see p. 332)

--- ---------------------------- - - -
- -----a--a--n----

APPENDIX H.

Report of chief health officer, department of health (for index see p. 375)_

APPENDIX I-1.

Report of executive secretary, executive department .- ----------
Organization .-.--- .--..--.-----.----- a.-----.........------ --- --

Executive office------a------
Clerical bureau.-----------
Personal bureau ----------
Time-keeping bureau ... .
Cost-keeping bureau - .. .
Riirnu of clubs and nlaverounds....--

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --

----------------------- - - - -
-------------------------- a - - a

-------------------- a -

OF CONTENTS.

Report of executive secretary, executive department---Continued.
Organization-Continued.
Executive office-Continued.
Special attorney's office....-a-..a ....a..-------- -

Division of civil affairs-- ..
Licenses and taxes--
Customs service- ----
Administration of estates
Division of posts- --. . ---.
Division of schools..
Police and fire division- -..
Police and prisons-- -.
Fire protection_

C ourts _- .-...- .-..............
Marshal.....-
Relations with Panama and forei
Legislation ..- .-- ..--�.. .
Appendices to report (for table (

----- ----- ----- a -- - -- - -- -
- - - - - - - - ---- - - - - - - - - -- -

gn representatives.

)f contents, see n. 422)....

APPENDIX 1-2.

Report of cost-keeping account ant-- ...---- - -.......----- ----
EXHIBIT A.-Statement of construction expenditures to June 30, 1914_
Total cost by geographical divisions-----------
Percentage of surcharge over construction cost_--- -
Total construction cost for various units of work a-------
D ry excavation ......-...........a...-..
M asonry ....-................
Dry filling _
EXHIBIT B.-Detailed cost per unit of work .......

TABLE
TABLE
TABLE
TABLE
TABLE
EXHIBIT C.
TABLE
and
TABLE
TABLE
TABLE
TABLE
TABLE
TABLE

1.-Dredging excavation
2.-Hydraulic excavation-
3.-Colon west breakwater

----- -- ----------------------
- ------------------------------a----------------------------------a a - a
- - ---------------------------------a--------------------------------------

4.-Stone production .....- a.a.a .aa
5.-Sand production --..--- -- - -----..... ....---
-Detailed cost to June 30, 1914_ ...------....
1.-Spillway gates, caissons, and machinery, lock gates
fender chains, emergency dams, hydroelectric power plant-
2.-Lock-operating machinery . -..- _ ..-.- --.-.-..

3.-Transmission system -
4.-Aids to navigation
5.-Cristobal terminals -
6.-Balboa terminals .
7.-Permanent town sites

- -------- - ----------- ------- - -
- - - - - - -------- ---- - - - - - - - - a - - a
- - a - ---------- - -------- - - - - - a

-- - - - -

TABLE

Page.
409

w -* f

]

m

TABLE

OF CONTENTS.

APPENDIX I1-3.

Report of special attorney_ -- ------
Legislation--- -.....-- -.. ....- --....
Organization-------- -. ----

Criminal

matters ..a .. ________ . - ....

Civil cases in the Canal Zone courts in which the United States and
the Panama Railroad Co. are interested_

Claims disposed

of without suit.....

APPENDIX J.

Report of

the general

purchasing

officer

chief

the Washington

office

APPENDIX K.

Tables showing increases in salaries and personnel_
Department of operation and maintenance -

Supply department ..
Accounting department
Department of health. .

Executive

department

Office of special attorney

Washington

office ..--

APPENDIX L.

Acts of Congress affecting the Panama Canal and Executive orders relat-
ing to the Canal Zone (for index see p. 553)----- -----

APPENDIX M.

Charts showing organization of The Panama Canal and Panama Railroad

Co., July, 1914

63399

(for index see p. 603)-------------

14--n

Page.
511

- - - -- ----- ---- - -
- - - - - - - - a -- -

**

:

' ** ' * '

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, . ^ *" . <. .

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^

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^ *
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* -I

; / ' . ' .
*^ . *'." � < -i
^ *

*< �

-.

/

LIST

OF

ILLUSTRATIONS.

APPENDIX A.

[Report of Engineer of Maintenance.]

Plate.

Pedro Miguel Lock.

East chamber, looking north.

All valves in east wall

fully open.

February 21, 1914.

Pedro Miguel Lock.

East chamber, looking north.

Discharge showing

cornm-

plete from the 11 culverts of east wall.
Operation of Miraflores Locks. S. S. Sat

February 21, 1914.

tta Clara in lower west chamber,

lock filling.

Looking south.

June 18, 1914.

Operation of Miraflores Locks.

S. S. Santa Clara in upper west chamber,

lock filling.

Operation

Looking south.

of Gatun

Locks.

June 18, 1914.
East emergency

dam

subjected

to head

50 feet of water. Look
Operation of Gatun Locks.

ing south from intermediate gates.

First boat through.

May 6,1914.

Tug Gatun entering lower

lock,

west chamber.

Looking

south

from

forbay.

September 26,1913.

'. Operation of Gatun Locks.

S. S. Ancon leaving upper west chamber and

entering the lake.

Gatun spillway dam completed, and hydroelectric station

under construc-

abutment.

December 30,

1913.

Gatun spillway dam completed and hydroelectric station under construe-

tion.

Looking south.

February 7

1914.

Gatun hydroelectric station.

Exterior of gatehouse.

Pedro Miguel Lock.
Pedro Miguel Lock.
Pedro Miguel Lock.

General view from Luisa Hill.
West chamber, illuminated.
Control house.

June 6,1914.

Operation of Miraflores Locks.

S. S. Santa Clara in upper west chamber.

Lock filling.

Looking south.

June 18, 1914.

Miraflores Locks.

Control board.

Following plates, 71 to 75 and 186, in portfolo.

Diagram

showing

area

cross

section

at different

points

filling

flU' s .rn.rrL,

A.--1-- A..JKN

XVIII

LIST

OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Plate.
76.

77.

78.

79.

80.

81.

APPENDIX A-1.

[Report of electrical and mechanical engineer.]

Following plates, 76 to 95, in portfolio.

Miraflores Locks. Head-to
machines.
Miter-gate moving machine.
and 32.
Miter-gate moving machine.
and 32.
Miter-gate moving machine.
and 32.
Miter-gate moving machine.
and 32.
Gatun Locks. Miter-gate
cycle for nonsimultaneous
31 and 32.

rque characteristics of rising stem gate-valve

Current-duty cycle for opening gates Nos. 31

Current-duty cycle for closing gates Nos. 31

Current-duty cycle for opening gates Nos. 31

Current-duty cycle for closing gates Nos. 31

moving machine.
operation of gates.

Maximum current of duty
. Opening miter gates Nos.

Gatun Locks. Miter-gate
cycle for nonsimultaneous
31 and 32.
Gatun Locks. Miter-gate m
for nonsimultaneous opera
Gatun Locks. Miter-gate mi

for nonsimultan
Miraflores Lock.
and descending

moving machine. Maximum current of duty
operation of gates. Closing miter gates Nos.

loving
ition o
loving

eous operation o
Towing locomo
incline at west v

machine. Maximum
f opening miter gati
machine. Maximum
if closing miter gate
tive. Current-duty
vall.

n strut compression
es Nos. 31 and 32.
n strut compression
s Nos. 31 and 32.
cycle for ascending

Gatun Locks.
1913.
Gatun Locks.
lamp stand
standard No

Gatun
Valu
side
Gatun
Valu
west

Gd

Locks.

Graphic

wattmeter

curve

power

demand.

November

Illumination. Cut-off distances for concrete reflectors of
rds, elevation of eye, 3 feet 6 inches above the rail. Lamp
. 194.
Illumination. Center-wall illumination with all lights on,

es taken at a point
of the middle level.
Locks. Illuminatio
es taken at a point
side of the middle

3 feet 6 inches
New, rough,
n. Center-wall
3 feet 6 inche
level. White

3 above rail on center wall, west
whitewashed reflectors.
I illumination with all lights on.
s above the rail on center wall,
washed reflectors, old and soiled.

itun Locks. Illumination. Profile of west wall giving illumination at
a point 3 feet 6 inches above rail, using whitewashed reflectors, old but
moderately clean. Lamp standard No. 280.

Gatun Locks
June 8, 191
fna twn Tnlcm.

Log tests

made

in towing

S. S. Allianca

through

locks.

4.

Mannlnroment nf rise nf wdlffes above seats nnder full head.

I

I

ULIST

OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

APPENDIX A-2.

[Report of resident engineer, division of municipal engineering.]

Plate.

Agua Clara purification plant.

'. Mount

Hope

waterworks and

General view looking south.

purification

plant,

showing

April 4, 1913.
sedimentation

basin, aeration basin, and filter building.
Mount Hope waterworks and purification plant.

Front view filter build-

ing and pump station.

Miraflores

water-purification

plant.

Wash-water

tank.

Looking

south.

May 30, 1914.

Miraflores purification plant.

in portfolio.

Elevation plan and section.

. Miraflores

purification

plant.

and sections.

Filter

buildings,

general

location,

plans

Chlorine chart, Miraflores Lake.

APPENDIX

[Report of chief hydrographer,

A-3.

section of meteorology and hydrography.]

Following plates,
Plate.

99 to 112

, in portfolio.

Wind roses, year 1913.

Hydrograph of Gatun Lake.
Hydrograph of Miraflores Lake.
Mass curve of total yield, Gatun Lake.

Rainfall, runoff and percentage

runoff, Gatun Lake, year

1913.

Gatun Lake watershed.

Mass curves of total

yield,

net yield,

land area

yield, storage,

rainfall, and evaporation on lake surface.

Chagres River drainage basin.

Chagres River drainage

basin.

. Chagres River drainage basin.

Mass curve of discharge at Alhajuela.
Curve of discharge duration, Alhajuela.
Curve of discharge duration for 24 years,

Alhajuela.

Gatun

Spillway.

Changes due to operation of gates.

Gatun Spillway.
Gatun Spillway.
Miraflores Locks.

Leaka
Leaka

ge of gates.
ge of gates.

December

23 to 25

1913.

March 12 to 14, 1914.

Current observations taken below west lower operating

gates.

Hydrographs

showing

surge in Culebra

Cut at pontdon bridge on locking

water at Pedro

Miguel Lock.

APPENDIX B.

[Report of engineer of terminal construction.]

Plate.

-~1t A. C n 'S.. *.-fl a .5 -.- -. C * I C S SW

Following plates, 96 to 9

--h

LIST

Plate.
25.

OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Balboa terminals. Condition of south wall of Dry Dock No. 1 after ex-
cavation by steam shovels to elevation -40. Slope taken is at natural
dip of rock. June 26, 1914.

Balboa terminals.
condition along in
Balboa terminals.
over coal pocket.
Balboa terminals.
Pier No. 1. June

East end of
line. June
Supporting
June 30, 19
Beam and
27, 1914.

north wall
26, 1914.
runway pie
14.
floor reinfo

of Dry Dock No. 1, showing

rs for coal rehandling cranes

rcement

in superstructure

Asphalt-concrete mixing plant at Balboa.
Making asphalt concrete roads at Balboa.

June 27, 1914.
June 27, 1914.

Cristobal coaling station, showing caissons in reloader foundations, look-
ing south. May 26, 1914.
Cristobal coaling station, showing east bridge tract wall and south end
of caissons under unloading wharf. Looking north. July 9, 1914.
East Breakwater, Limon Bay, Coco Solo storage yard, looking west from

east end. August 12, 1914.
Toro Point Breakwater, top view, looking out.
Toro Point Breakwater, sea slope, looking out.

April 21, 1914.
April 21, 1914.

Following plates, 113 to 128, in portfolio.

Balboa shops and yards.

General plan.

Dry Dock No. 1, Balboa. General plan and section.
Dry Dock No. 1, Balboa. Cross sections.
Balboa coaling plant. General plan.
Balboa coaling plant. Cross sections.
Balboa townsite. General plan.
Floating cranes Ajax and Hercules. Elevations.
Floating cranes Ajax and Hercules. Plan and sections.
Fuel-oil plant, Atlantic terminals. General plan.
Fuel-oil plant, Pacific terminals. General plan.
Cristobal coaling plant. General plan.
Cristobal coaling plant. Cross sections.
East Breakwater. General plan.
East Breakwater. Cross sections.

Type A tugs.
Type A tugs.

Deck plans.
Outboard profile.

APPENDIX C.

[Report of resident engineer, dredging division.]

Plate.

a lM . . 0 .. - . j i._ - _----------- _- _s- * _ - _ -- -- - - - - .4 Whf - --- -L -< -

LIST

OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Plate.

Culebra Cut, Culebra.

canal.

Looking north from east bank, showing bottom of

August 23, 1913.

Culebra Cut, Culebra.

Looking south from east bank.

Surface of water

72.3 feet above sea level.

October 30, 1913.

Culebra Cut, Empire.

Looking south from suspension bridge.

Surface of

water 72.3 feet above sea level.

October 30, 1913.

Culebra

looking

north

from

one-fourth

mile

south

of suspension

bridge at Empire.
. Culebra Cut, Empire.

Cut completed at bridge.

June 16, 1913.

Looking south from west bank near Cunette.

face of water 72.3 feet above sea level.

October 30, 1918.

Culebra Cut, Empire.

Looking south, showing suspension bridge.

Decem-

ber, 1913.

Culebra

Culebra.

Looking south from Contractors

Hill.

Cucaracha

slide in left center.
Culebra Cut, Culebra.

May

1913.

Looking north.

Lower part of Cucaracha slide on

. right.

Culebra C

Looking

August 18, 1913.
!ut. Cucaracha slide, from west bank south of Contractors Hill.
g north. October 16, 1913.

Culebra

Culebra.

Blasting

channel

through

Cucaracha

slide.

Looking north.

October 16, 1913.

Culebra

Culebra.

Looking

south

from

of Contractors

Hill.

Cucaracha slide to left.

December

1913.

Culebra

from

Contractors

Hill,

showing

ladder and

dipper dredges

working on toe of Cucaracha slide.

December 9, 1913.

Culebra Cut, Culebra.
in Cucaracha slide.

Culebra Cut.
150 feet.

. Culebra

Looking north from west bank.

December 9

Dredges operating

1913.

Looking north from west bank.

December
. Culebra.

Width of channel at slide,

18, 1913.

Seag

suction

dredge

Culebra

passing

Cuca-

racha slide.

January 20, 1914.

Culebra

Culebra.

Looking north

from

Contractors Hill.

June

1914.

Culebra

Culebra.

Looking south from

west bank,

showing dredges

working in Cucaracha slide.

June, 1914.

Gamboa

Dike.

Opening

the valves

flooding

Culebra

Water

coming through four pipes.
Blowing up Gamboa Dike.

October 1, 1913.

Looking north from

boat in

canal

south

dike.

October 10, 1913.

Aids to navigation. Beacons in Culebra Cut.
Naos Island Breakwater. Looking south from Sosa Hill.

Paraiso
March

pontoon

bridge.

Launching

pontoon

at Mount

Hope

shops.

1914.

Pnrniin

nontoon

hri A ra

Tnokine

nort-h

tfl'II IA nni Jli lIlc. rK.1.At.,. n Eli

showing

train

rnRsainr

annul

B 1 fI| I.I

.

XXII

LIST

OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

APPENDIX TO

APPENDIX F.

[Report of resident engineer, permanent building division, supply department.]

Plate.

New administration building, Balboa Heights.
New administration building, Balboa Heights.

North front.
South front.

68. Completed four-family house in the new village of Balboa.
69. The new village of Balboa from the administration building.
70. The transmission line substation at Miraflores.

APPENDIX M.
[Charts showing organization of The Panama Canal and Panama Railroad Co., July, 1914.]

All plates in portfolio.

Plate.

. General organization.

Executive department.
Engineer of maintenance.
Division of terminal construction.
Dredging division.
Mechanical division.
Division of canal transportation.
Supply department.
Accounting department.
Health department.
Washington office.
Panama Railroad.

ANNUAL

REPORT

OF THE

ISTHMIAN

CANAL

COMMISSION

AND

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

THE PANAMA

CANAL,

OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR,

Balboa Heights, Canal Zone, 8S

ptember �0, 1914.

I have

construction,

honor to

operation

submit

maintenance,

annual

sanitation,

report

and

covering
protection

The Panama Canal for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1914.

ORGANIZATION.

The organization

which

existed

at the close of the

previous fiscal

year and

was described in the

last annual report underwent a num-

changes

reduced

and

during

concentration

year,
what

construction

remained

seemed

work

desirable

was
and

advantageous.
All municipal engineering work in

formed

the construction

divisions,

Canal Zone

as well

as that

formerly per-
performed in

cities

Colon

and

Panama

division

public

works,

department of

civil administration,

was consolidated

effective

July

1913

Mr.

, forming

George

Wells

division
resident

municipal

engineer,

engineering,

reporting

under
chief

i-" Iv n� a I l

rE I tF I I

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

Balboa town site, independent of the division of municipal engineer-

ming.

While the

work of the first two

forces was directly under the

supervision

of the chief

engineer,

reduce

the cost of

administra-

.tion they were assigned to the quartermaster'

department; the force

of the

landscape

architect

was placed

under the second

division

the chief engineer

office.

Effective

central

October
division

1913

and

the time

cost

keeping

keeping

and

cost

keeping for

quartermaster

department
consolidated

were transferred

with

forces

the office of the chief

already

organized

under

engineer and

this

office

take care of the time keeping and cost keeping of

other branches of

the work.

With the admission of water into Culebra

Cut by the blowing up

of Gamboa Dike on

October

10, 1913,

the central division

was abol-

ished.

The

remaining

dry

excavation

in the

territory

covered

this division

was placed

under

a resident

engineer reporting to the

chief

engineer

all surveying work and

dredging were placed under

the sixth

division

of the chief

engineer

office,

and

transporta-

tion
were

forces,

with

concentrated

those of the first

under

fifth

superintendent

and fortification

divisions,

transportation

and

placed

with

the< second

division

of the

office

of the

chief

engineer;

the central division

property

accountability was transferred

to the

quartermaster

department.

Effective

October

1913

the concrete

work

remaining to

cornm-

plete the constriction of the locks at Gatun was transferred from the

Atlantic division to the first division,

which could do it in connection

with installation of the machinery and towing tracks with the same

supervisory

force

similar

unfinished

work

in connection

with

Pacific

Locks

was also

transferred

first

division

the same

time.

On January

1, 1914, all dry excavation still in progress in connec-

tion

with

Culebra

Cut

construction

Naos

Island

Breakwater, the sluicing operations on the east bank of the Cut north

of Gold Hill

relieve

pressure, and

the fill of the town site at

Balboa

were

Greenslade

i *ii n

consolidated

, general
In ahie r

and

placed

superintendent,

amannrr QQo

ofa

in charge

and

Thb

Mr.

constituted

auditinu

n'

. . . ..h . . ...

George
fourth

ronertv

*- -

REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR.

tion of the west breakwater and the operation of Porto Bello quarry

were transferred

to the second division of the chief engineer'

office

while the work remaining at Gatun Dam, El

Cano saddle, back fill

at Miraflores,
sluicing at Gold

Liraflores

Hill

spillway

were placed

channel

Ancon

quarry,

directly under the chief

and

engineer.

Effective April 1,

1914, by

Executive order and in conformity with

the Panama Canal act of August 24, 1912, the existing organization

was abolished and

the one contemplated

by the act was made effec-

tive.

Under this organizations

there

were created a

department

operation

and maintenance,

a purchasing

department, a supply

apartment, an accounting department,

a health

department,

an execu-

tive office

and a

Washington office of The Panama Canal.

The

department

operation

and

maintenance

was

placed

charge of the (
the department

governor and in

is assisted

the administration
r an engineer of m

of the affairs of
Maintenance and a

superintendent of canal transportation.

To provide for the remain-

ing construction

work as well as the

maintenance

and

operation

the canal

,the department was organized with the following divisions

The division

of terminal

the design, inspection

and

construction,

construction

which
dry

i embraces c
docks, shops,

iarge of
coaling

and fuel-oil

plants,

floating cranes, docks, and

other terminal facili-

ties

construction

transportation

rail

road

street

and

sewer

work in the new town of Balboa

and the breakwater construction at

the Atlantic terminal, reporting to the Governor.

The

division

erection

electrical

division;

division

municipal

engineering;

division

lighthouses,

until

June

1914,

when it was abolished

and the office engineer with his

forces,

were placed under the engineer of maintenance.

The dredging division,

fortification

division

mechanical

division,

and

remaining

construction

work

consisting

sluicing

in the

vicinity

Gold

Hill

, completion

Naos

Island

Breakwater,

cavation in the dry to relieve side pressure in the vicinity of Culebra,
and grading and filling at the locks and dams, combined in a general
construction division, report directly to the Governor.

The division
superintendent

canal

transportation,

transportation

under

reporting

supervision o
ie Governor,

a

-. 1U a r U * | � * � � *

q

m

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

The quartermaster'

department

and

subsistence

department,

as outlined in previous annual reports,

were consolidated to constitute

the supply dej
Wood as chief

artment,

which

quartermaster.

was placed in

charge of Capt.

R. E.

It has charge of the storing and dis-

tribution of all material and supplies for use of The Panama Canal

and

employees,

and

other

departments

on the

Isthmus

ana

their employees, and for vessels of the United States and other vessels

when

required.

operates

commissaries,

hotels,

and

messes;

charge of the maintenance of buildings,

the assignment of

quarters,

and care of grounds.

It recruit

and

distributes unskilled labor and

is in charge of the necessary animal transportation.

The accounting department,

as organized, consists of the auditor's,

the
mad

paymaster'

e

and

for administrative

collector's

offices.

purposes only

The

consolidation

was

order to secure economy,

auditor

having supervision

and

direction

entire

depart-

ment;

heads

the subdivisions,

however,

independent

their own particular spheres.

The department has charge of general

bookkeeping, auditing, and accounting for both money and property,

examination

pay

rolls

and

vouchers,

inspection

time

books and of money and property accounts, the administrative exami-

nation

and

of accounts
bursement

as required
f funds foi

law,

The

and

Panama

collection,

Canal

and

custody,
te Canal

Zone.

The

accounting

department

was

placed

charge

Mr.

H. A. A. Smith as auditor for The Panama Canal,

McLean as paymaster and Mr.

with Mr. John H.

L. Clear as collector.

The

health

department was organized

under the supervision

and

direction

a chief

health

officer,

Lieut.

Col.

Charles

Mason,

United States Army.

This department

is charged

with all matters

relating

maritime

sanitation

and

quarantine

ports

and

waters of the Canal Zone and in the harbors of the cities of Panama

and Colon

and with land sanitation in the Canal Zone and sanitary

matters
between

in the

terminal

United

cities

States

in conformity

and

Republic

with

canal'

Panama,

treaty

together

with all matters relating to hospitals and charities.
The civil functions of the Canal Zone were placed in charge of an

executive

secretary

who,

under

direction

Governor,

� -- - - - mil . a

REPORT OF

THE

GOVERNOR.

The scope of the work of the

Washington office remained about the

same as previously reported, Maj. F.
being continued in charge as general
office.

Boggs,

United States Army,

purchasing officer and chief

Executive order of May 20, 1914, a committee of six

members

was created to arrange and provide suitable ceremonies for the formal
and official opening of The Panama Canal, as is provided for in sec-

tion 4 of the Panama Canal act.

The committee is composed of per-

sons who were members of the Isthmian Canal Commission and is to
be known and referred to as the committee for the formal and official
opening of the Panama Canal.

CONSTRUCTIOiN.

PERSONNEL.

The central division

, embracing the same work as described in the

annual report for 1913, continued in charge of Lieut. Col.

D.D.

Gail

lard

, United States Army

as division engineer, until the division was

abolished on October 15,
leave from May 7, 1913,

1913.

During his absence on regular annual

to July 2,

1913

and

during the part of his

illness from

July

1913

October

work was

con-

ducted by

Resident Engineer

Zinn a

acting division engineer.

Subsequent to the abolition of the division and until January

1, 1914,

Mr. Zinn continued in charge of steam-shovel work which was under-

taken

to lighten the banks, of the approaches to the pontoon bridge,

and of the Naos Island Breakwater.
of a tumor on the brain, December 5,

Col. Gaillard died

as the result

1913.

The work

of dry excavation in

Culebra

Cut was divided into

two

districts

one

extended

from

Gamboa

Culebra,

which

continued

in charge of Mr. J

Hagan,

superintendent,

until

September

1913

when he was transferred

Naos Island Breakwater, relieving

Supt. W. T
remained in

under

The

Reynolds,

who

resigned

charge until the consolidation

fourth

breakwater

division,

was then

chief

placed

engineer

under

Mr.

on September

1913.

of the construction

office,
Will

January

work
1914.

Casey, general

foreman.

The

district

from

Culebra

Pedro

Miguel

Locks

con-

m -- A A m l m wm m I A --

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

April 1, 1914.

Maj

James P

. Jervey,

United States Army, resident

engineer,

continued

min charge

construction

work of the Gatun Locks until September 26,

1913.

Maj.

e masonry
George M.

Hoffman, United States Army, resident engineer, continued in charge

of the Gatun Dam and spillway until September 28, 1913.

On these

dates both the latter officers were relieved on account of the practical

completion o
States Army
construction

their

work.

Lieut.

Col.

William

Judson,

United

assistant division engineer, continued in charge of the

of the

breakwater at Toro

Point

and

the operation

Porto

Bello quarry until

the abolition

of the division,

when he

continued in

charge of the same

until April 1, 1914,
duty with the canal.

work as assistant division engineer

when, on his own request,

was relieved from

The

fifth

division,

chief

engineer'

office

continued

charge

Mr.

Cole

as resident

engineer,

and

had

charge

masonry

construction of the Pacific locks, dams, and spillway, the operation of

Ancon

quarry,

and

excavation

channel

between

Pedro

Miguel and Miraflores Locks until

October

1913

when

the locks

were transferred

to the first division, and he continued in charge of

the balance of the work until January 31, 1914,

when the amount of

work remaining necessitated a reorganization and he severed his con-

nection

with the canal.

Other

officials

connected

with

work

during

year

ferred to elsewhere in the report.
LOCKS AND DAMS.

Gatun Locks.-As noted in the last annual report,

the concrete work

of the locks assigned

to the Atlantic division

was

finished

June

1913,

with

buttons

and

the exception

mooring

of the lamp-post bases,

posts,

stairway

parapets,

bases

and

for snubbing
ie closing of

openings left for construction purposes.

During the year just ended

there were laid

525 cubic yard

of concrete in

the locks structure at

a division

calking

cost of $95.2529 per

concrete

previously

cubic

laid);

yard

min the

(including finishing
construction of the

and
con-

trol house

, 94 cubic yards at a division cost of $81.2796 per cubic yard,

and

9,785 cubic yards in connection

with

installation of the ma-

REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR.

sand

was handled

by the

unloading cableways

during the

year,

they were used for transferring material from

the stock piles to the

tunnel

hoppers and

unloading

coal

for use

on the

west

side

the locks.

The

back filling of the side

walls, made of material

tained

from

borrow

pits,

was

continued

until

December

1913

when the status of available money necessitated discontinuing further

work.

The amount placed during the year was 91,576 cubic yards at

a division cost of $1.4304

trial

used

back

per cubic yard.
mI to June 30,

The total amount of ma-

1914,

aggregated

2,119,406

cubic yards placed behind the
per cubic yard, and a total ol

side walls at a division cost of $0.5007
113,163 cubic yards placed in the cen-

wall

a division

cost

scrapers, locomotive cranes,

of $0.7692
and hand

cubic

labor were

yard.
used

back fill to final grade, at a cost for the year of $47,376.79.

Teams

and

> bring the
To the end

of the fiscal year a total of $56,673.61

was expended on

work for this

final

gradin

and the

The

concrete

Panama Railroad

paving

of the slope

was completed

between

during the year

at a

locks
total

cost of $10,726.54.

The

lamp-posts,

snubbing buttons,

and mooring

posts were completed in place.

The construction of the control house,

begun

in April,

1913,

was

continued

force

Atlantic

division
division

completed
door and

until

October

1913

when

it was taken

over

with other unfinished work in the Atlantic division.

by the close of

window

frames.

fiscal

The

year,

amount

with

the exception

expended

first

It was
of the

construc-

tion of the building

which i

of reinforced concrete

tile roof and tile

floors,

was $54,391.60.

Gatun

pillway.

-Work

on the

spillway

consisted

in completing

the fill of the openings of the valves in

the piers to full height,

the body of the dam, raising

setting the valves, and completing the bridge.

So far as the spillway proper is concerned, the structure

was finally

finished in

October

During the

year

7,047

cubic

yards

concrete

were

laid,

an average

making the total amount of

concrete

cost

$8.9005

placed in

cubic

the structure

yard,
31,179

cubic yards, at an average cost of $7

on either

side and

back fill

73 per cubic yard.

in connection

with

them

The steps
were com-

pleted by the supply department and finished in May, 1914.

jt~7 *~ - - - - - ~

i.xT ^--^

J-h 4-it La] aW

S j *'
n t'. fl fl-v a rJ - W~

,,.1 n n ... . . 1

*.rt~c5VI Jt]E I SIfltyJ -- ')l I** 1 lr 5th .|*. |, m �| | | ||| | IU *l* . h. 1. aI|** *| A 1I*||F ||o | *IY~J*fl|l * *I ,I

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

cost of $0.4033 per cubic yard.

Paving the upstream slope, as outlined

in the last annual report,

was completed in August,

1913, and

9,860

cubic

yards of large

riprap rock from

Sosa

Hill

and from excava-

tion

$2.0403

dry
cubic

dock
yard

Balboa

in place.

were
The

used
total

a division

amount

cost

large

and

crushed rock used for paving, therefore,

was 94,330 cubic yards, and

the average division cost was $1.4378 per cubic yard.

Permanent tracks

aggregating 5,780 feet in length

with

proper

continued
negligible.

grades

and

throughout

curves.

year.

were laid

with

Observations

Seepage

from

good rails and
for settlement

dam

ties,
were
been

At the close of the rainy season two small streams were

found

issuing

from

north

in the

west

portion

but with the advance of the dry season these ceased entirely

Sdam,
There

was no seepage of any kind apparent in the east portion of the dam.

Pedro

Miguel

Locks.-Masonry

construction

carried

on at

these

locks by the fifth division consisted of lamp-post bases, bases for snub-

bing buttons and posts, stairway wells, and the control house.

What

remained after October

1913

was taken

over

by the first division

in connection

with

concrete

that

was

placed

as an incident

installation

operating

machinery.

The

amount

con-

create
cost

laid in

the lock structure

2.3520

cubic

was

yard,

1,087

cubic

including

yards, at a

finishing

and

division
calking

concrete
592 cubic

previously 1l
yards, at a

aid; in t
division

construction

cost of $62.5423

control

cubic

yar

house,
1, and

10.961

cubic yards in

connection

with

the installation

of machinery,

at a division cost of $11.1332 per cubic yard.

As the machinery and

wiring

were

complete- the

installed,

work.

The

additional

total

concrete

amount

will

concrete

be required
laid at the

Pedro Miguel Locks (exclusive of that used in the construction of the

control

house)

from

beginning

of the

work to

close

of the

fiscal year was 928,326 cubic yards, and the division cost was $5.6575

per cubic yard.

Work on the control house was begun in May

1913,

and
the

was completed

doors,

windows

the close

and

plumbing.

year

The

with

amount

the exception

expended

on the

construction of the building,

which is of reinforced concrete, tile roof

and

floors,

was

$68,521.95.

The

back

filling

side

walls

XaG rn"mnlltttl in MTVroh 1.14- a n

tho fllinr of thi center wall in

REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR.

Miraflores Locks.-At the close of the previous fiscal year the con-

create of the locks proper was completed,

bases for snubbing buttons and mooring posts,

except the lamp-post bases,

parapets around the

stairways,
During the

and

nosing

end

year just ended 2,844 cubic

south-approach

yards of

concrete

were

pier.
laid

locks structure at

(including

finishing

and

Sdivisio:
calking

cost of $20.6624

concrete

previously

per cubic yard

laid)

in the

construction

of the control house, 949 cubic yards at a division

cost

of $57.2407 per cubic yard, and 18,241 cubic yards in connection with

the installation

of the machinery

at a division

cost of $11.3685

cubic

yard.

stallation
building

Additional
machinery

of lamp-post

concrete

and

remained

wirinmg

bases on

placed,

were

as the

completed.

southeast wing wall

was

The
inter-

rupted by the necessity of transferring sand operations to Miraflores,

and

they remain

placed.

The

amount of

concrete

laid

the Miraflores Locks

(exclusive of that

used

the construction

the control house)

from

beginning

of the

work to

the close of

the fiscal year was 1,507,794 cubic yards at a division cost of $5.1695
per cubic yard.

The total amount of

concrete laid in

the Pacific Locks

(exclusive

of that

used in

fiscal

the construction

year

aggregated

of the control houses)

2,436,120

cubic

yards

at the close
an average

division cost of $5.3555 per cubic yard.

Backfilling

lock

walls

Miraflores

was

continued,

material

for the west side being obtained from a borrow pit on the northwest

side of
channel

Cocoli

Hill

and

discharging

on the east side

overflow

from

from

excavation

spillway

into

canal, from Diablo and Sosa Hills.

The backfilling of the side walls

was

completed

in May,

1914,

and

filling

of the

center

wall

March, 1914.

During the fiscal year 360,198 cubic yards of material

were

placed

behind

the side

walls at a division

cost of $0.6021

cubic yard,

and

92,244 cubic

yards in

the center wall

a division

cost of $0.52

per cubic yard.

The total amount of material

used

back fill

to June 30

, 1914,

was

2,366

52 cubic

yards

placed

behind

side

walls at

a division

cost

$0.3855

cubic

yard,

and 249,457

cubic yards placed in the center wall at a division

cost

n4 nor niihn var/I

in February, 1914.

THE PANAMA OANAL.
PDuring the year 98,424 cubic yards of material
During the year 98,424 cubic yards of material

(secured from a borrow pit on the northwest side of Cocoli Hill)
were placed in this dam at a division cost of $0.6431 per cubic yard.
The total amount of dry filling placed in the dam since the begin-

ning

of the

work is

1,758,423

cubic

yards,

a division

cost of

$0.4582 per cubic yard.
The design, construction, and inspection of the lock gates, chain

fenders, emergency

dams, operating machinery, and

electrical

stallations continued in charge of Col. H. F. Hodges, United States

Army, as assistant chief

engineer until April 1,

1914, and subse-

quently as engineer of maintenance.
Lock gates.-The construction and erection of the lock gates under
contract were continued and completed in accordance with the sup-
plemental articles of agreement entered into January 14, 1913. At
Gatun all the gates for the west flight were completed on September
24, 1913; all the gates for the east flight on December 30, 1913. At
Pedro Miguel all the gates for the east lock were completed Septem-

ber 30, 1913, and for the west lock on December 30, 1913.

At Mira-

flores the gates for the west flight were completed on September 30,

1913, and for the east flight on January 10, 1914.

All the gates were

completed

within

time specified in

the supplemental

contract,

the time at Miraflores being anticipated by about two months.

The

original contract provided that the contractor should paint the gates
with two coats of red lead, at his expense, and with a third coat of
some other pigment to be furnished by the Isthmian Canal Commis-

sion, applied to the gates at the contractor's cost.

To provide for

more complete protection, this agreement was modified and at Gatun
arrangement was made for an additional coat, making two of red

lead and two others, instead of one.

These additional coats consisted,

of United

States

Navy

anticorrosive

and

antifouling

paint, and were applied to those parts
locks which are constantly under water.

at Gatun two coats of equal

applied.

of the gates in the lower
On the remaining gates

parts of graphite and red lead were

It was intended that no red lead should be used at Pedro

Miguel except for the upper guard gates, the protection to consist

of three coats of damp-proof paint.

At Miraflores the gates in the

- __ -- I . -^^ -1... �.. � ann ai��- arm anw * *J-n d^ -l~ n- l-,nJ'H-tvnW^-�T/ -fJ rrrnn haif- ,rn-li'Tn SwVTnn

REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR.

forces.
paints,

Due to
except

impurities in t
the bitumastic

water

which

of Gatun Lake, none of the

was

applied

directly

metal on small sections of several

of the gates at Gatun, has proved

satisfactory, and the paint on those parts which are constantly under

water is min
is entirely

very poor condition.

satisfactory,

The action

leakage

of the gates in service

quomn

and

miter

posts

being extremely

small.

The cost of the gates complete

was $6,471

806.99, of which $5,632,942

8 were paid

under the contract, and the

balance

$838,864.41

was

inspection,

painting,

recess

covers,

fixed steel, special tracks, and services furnished the contractor.

Gate

machines.-All

parts

mechanical

and

electrical

installation
emplaced.
February 2

The 40
8, 1914,

machines
machines

operating

required

24 machines at

Gatun

Pedro

miter

were

Miguel

gates

were

completed
on March

1914, and the 28 machines at Miraflores on May 28, 1914.

A number

tests

were

conducted

most satisfactory

determine

operation

might

conditions

obtained

under

and

which
results

obtained

which has
the other

show

very

advisability

little

reserve

an interval

reducing the

power,

approximately

duty

starting

gate

20 seconds.

te motor,
ahead of

The

benefit

derived

results

from

fact

that,

with

only

one

gate

operating,

when the gates are near the mitering position the entire area of the

chamber

is available

the storage of

water

displaced.

The

cost

miter-gate

moving

machines

complete

was

which $704,744.78 were expended under the contract,

$822,410.03, of
and the balance

for installation.

Miter-gate forcing machines.-

forcing machines on hand,

With the material of the miter-gate

their erection progressed with the comple-

tion

gates.

The

20 machines

required

Gatun

were

com-

pleted on February

14, 1914, the 12 at Pedro Miguel were completed

on March

27, 1914, and the 14 at Miraflores on March

26, 1914.

special

tests were conducted

during the year.

The total

cost of the

machines

was

00.16,

of which

,225

were

expended

under

the contract, and the balance for installation.

The machinery

for operating the hand rails on

the gates

was in-

stalled

complete during the year.

There are 36 machines at Gatun,

TPArnm

MNr f'innl

andi

Miraflores

Tho

oneration

. . .. .. . . . . .

s i satin-

THE

PANAMA

OANAL.

The

installation

electrical

appliances

operating

various

gate

machines

was

completed

during

year.

The

total

amount expended

was $207,653.42,

of which

$132,326 were

paid

under the contract and the balance for installation.

Rising stem valves.

-The placing of the valves, stems, roller trains,

and

crossheads

remaining to

done

close

last

fiscal

year was completed and the 116 machines required for their operation

were erected

and

the electrical installation

completed.

Of the ma-

chines placed during the year 5 were at Gatun and
making a total of 56 at Gatun, 24 at Pedro Miguel,

28 at Miraflores,
and 36 at Mira-

flores.

The

mechanical

and

electrical

work in

connection

with

installation

of these machines was completed at Gatun

on February

, 1914, at Pedro

Miguel

on March

1914, and at Miraflores on

March 30

1914.

Guard

ves.-At the end of the fiscal

year all guard valves and

machines were erected in

place at all the locks except at Miraflores.

The six at Gatun were completed on April

on June

,1914, six at Pedro Miguel

29, 1914, and those at Miraflores were 62 per cent completed

at the close of the fiscal

year.

The tests made of the guard

valves

showe
nally

d

that the machines would not operate satisfactorily

as origin[

designed, and a number of changes were made necessary.

The

most

important ones consisted in

providing an

outboard

bearing to

the pinion sh
of line with

aft,

which overcame the tendency of the pinion to get out

the main spur gear, and guide shoes for weights in the

counterweight pits to overcome the slight eccentric
weight of the roller train.

load

due to the

The

amount expended

on the

rising

stem

and

guard

valves

and

their

which

machines

$1,127,725.38

close

were

fiscal

paid

under

year was
contract

$1,508,735.59,

and

balance

for installation.

Auxiliary

culvert

valves.-The

mechanical

and

electrical

work

in connection

with

installation

these

valves

and

their

ma-

chines was completed

during the year, four machines being installed

Gatun

and

completed

on March

1914,

four

Pedro

Miguel

completed
March 31.

on March

1914.

, 1914,

and

four

The cost of the machines in

Miraflores

place

completed

was $22,805.80,

-2 ~ d�ia nan 04 ~ n,~2 ~ ~-k~ 4-~4-a- ,.<.~AI *k~ n-nfl

REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR.

Miguel

on January

1914

and

on the 40

Miraflores

on Feb-

ruary

27, 1914.

Chain-fender machines.-After the tests had been completed on the

two

sample

chain-fender

machines,

results

indicated

that

they

would carry out the work for which they were designed and arrange-

ments were made to order the balance of the equipment.

Of the 16 to

be erected at Gatun

the mechanical work on 14

was completed

with

the exception of the chains; of the 16 at Pedro Miguel, the mechanical

work

on 7 was completed

with

the exception

of the chains;

and

Miraflores, of the

the mechanical

work on 1

was completed

with

the exception of the chains.

Work was in

progress on all

the units,

with

the exception

of the 4 lower one

at Miraflores,

where no

work

had been done.

The electrical work, so far as practicable, progressed

with

the mechanical

work.

The manufacture of chain for the fend-

ers has progressed rather slowly

but orders were placed

for all

chains

The

required,

total

with

amount

exception,

expended

thus

before

was

$661,140.30 was for payments under the contract

close

$830,726.89

for delivery

year.
which
of the

material, and $169,586.59 for erection.

The

cost

inspecting the

lock-operating

machinery

June 30,

1914,

was $167,92

6.06.

Spillway gate
the construction

.-The

divisions

spillway

gates

in connection

were
with

placed

in position

building the

spillway

dams.

The

mechanical

equipment

and

electrical

installation

were

completed
Miraflores

on the

14 machines at

mechanical

work

Gatun

was

on December

completed

on the

1913.

8 machines

on October

1913

and

the electrical

work

on June

1914.

The

spillway

gates at

Gatun have all

been

operated satisfactorily under

full
tion.

head

controlled

from

a switchboard

in the

The tests of the Miraflores gates indicated

hydroelectric
defects in the

sta-
me-

chanical
changes

total

work,
were ri

amount

expended
erection.

necessitating

completed

expended

under

was

contract,

overhauling
it the close

$337,529.11

and

and

correction.

fiscal

which

balance

year.

$236,045.26
r inspection

These

The
were

and

Towing-track

material.-

towing-track material

purchased

mnnram th, nr-rinanl Pnntrnet, wnas rlivprpd

nrpviniit t.n .Tnna Rf 1i1R

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

13,696

linear

feet
feet.

feet

linear

were

completed

Of the

feet completed

laid,

8,160

during

total

amount

feet

year,

to date.

concreted
or a total

be completed

Miraflores
i, making
) date of

54,365

Locks
9,104

4,007
linear

18,144 linear

linear

feet

99.3

per cent were completed at the close of the year.

Conductor-slot ma-

trial,
bracket

consisting

steel

and cover plates,

and

copper

conductor

rails,

was laid, and during the year

insulators,

12,485

feet

were completed,

or a complete total to date at Gatun Locks of 45,084

linear feet;

at Pedro

Miguel 21,760 feet during the

year,

or a

total

to date of 36,292 linear feet; and at Miraflores 22,232 feet during the

year,

or a total

date

of 28,162

linear

feet.

For

conductors

copper tee rails were

used for all

towing tracks, inclines, and

cross-

overs

, steel conductors being used on the return track.

The installa-

tion

single

and

during the year at all

double

crossovers

the locks.

The

and

total

turnouts
cost of

was

completed

towing-track

material

pended

installed

under

installation,

and

was

$1,1

e original
chipping

32,044.06,
contract

of the

which

and

$767,173.93

$414,870.13

were

inspection,

rack rails.

Towing

locomotives.-As noted in

last

annual

report,

a con-

tract was entered into

with

the General

Electric Co-

for furnishing

towing

locomotives

their

design

and

manufacture,

first

locomotive to be deliver
each month thereafter.

January

Twenty-one locomotive

,1914, and four locomotives

have been delivered

and
and

are in
there

operation.

have

been

The

total

expended

cost

under the contract is $527,015

$301,859.21

contract

and

$22,329.40

receipt.

Tests

erection
so far

and

alterations

made

actual

machines

service

have

after
been

their

suf-

ficient to warrant an announcement that they are entirely satisfactory.

Illumination of the

locks.-The exterior

lighting of the locks was

described in

previous annual report.

The exterior

lighting cir

cuts at

flores,

the locks

where the erection

were completed

of the

post

except foc
has been

posts at

Mira

delayed by the sand

operations

allow

which

for the

were

transferred

construction

this

terminal

point
docks.

from ]
There

Balboa
were

stalled at Gatun
at Pedro Miguel

-L � I _

206 standards, 116 single arm and

90 double arm;

130 standards, 80 single arm and 50 double arm; at

- __ 1 __ - _

.-__ - 1 . . .._ -- -

(N .~&

* Ji -t -vn ri n'-I t ni n1 * k-. -.. (N- r n - nf 0 , '- C tA fkt flu II S ri fi fli Il W' 0 ^ f, C' I f i Al l U fl 0 fi f-i fIli* f 1 -l ..

_l .--- 1

REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR.

quired interlocking of the control switches.

The detail design of the

board

was left entirely to

approval

Commission

contractor,

inspector

work

in the

being

United

subject

States.

The switchboards are located on the second floor of the control houses

and

interlocking racks on

mezzanine

floor.

The board

designed to represent the locks in miniature, all machines being repre-

sented by individual control switches, and

operator

controlled

with

indicators

the machines in

know
s are

the exact
provided

the lock wall

position
which
tunnels.

wherever it is

important

machines

operate

With

being

in synchronism

exception

cylindrical

machines

valve

operator

, auxiliary ci
r is provided

ulvert
with

valve,
means

and
for

miter
having

forcing
definite

information with regard to the exact position of the valve or machine

being operated by means of synchronous indicators, electrically

nected

with

transmitting

devices

mechanically

connected

with

con-
the

large machines in the lock tunnels.

valve, auxiliary
by use of red an

The operation of the cylindrical

culvert valve, and miter forcing devices is indicated

green lamps on the control

board.

Arrangement

also

made

on the

switchboard

which

water

levels

in the

lock chambers are indicated to the operator.

The control board

was

completed

Gatun

on May 9,

1914

Pedro

Miguel

on June

1914;

and

at Miraflores on June 25

1914.

The

switchboards of all

locks

have

been

satisfactorily

used

remote

control

lock operations.

The total

cost of all lock-control switchboards was

$108,079.50,

which

$73,693.33

were

paid

under

contract

for the material, th
tion and inspection.

balance representing expenditures

for install

Hydroelectric

plant.-The

erection

hydroelectric

station

continued under the Atlantic division

until September 8,

1913

when

work

master'

was

transferred

department.

With

) the building
the exception

division

quarter-

of the doors and some of

the carpenter

fiscal

year

work,
a total

building

division

cost

was completed

of $328,457.0

close

The

of the

installation

of the equipment was continued during the year and was turned over

operating

force

made subsequently,

nlflrti

d-nnlr

naT~fn.

and

on June

, 1914,

after correction

A

-P ~

i-nfl

without

some
C, iflflrV W

tests,
of the
nvlne rdt4

which

defects
a.-. InIT

were

* * I l , | I * * I* . * I l l" * * *| | | j* * * * * t * | | *| r* *fl* *It | | % r* ^ ** .** U I * . i S | | i |

ld

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

As noted in

previous annual

report, it

was decided

install

for the transmission line an overhead system of 44,000 volts, extend-
ing from Balboa to Cristobal, and connecting the existing Miraflores

steam-power

station

with

Gatun

hydroelectric

station,

so that

they may

be operated separately

or in

parallel as necessary.

Four

substations are provided, located at Oristobal, Gatun, Miraflores, and

Balboa.

The

excavation

Gatun

substation

was

begun

November 26

1913

and

the steelwork, furnished and

erected

under

contract

, was completed

on February

1914.

The installation

the electrical

equipment of the

building

been

governed

by the

progress made in

building construction and at the close of the year

was 37

per cent completed.

The total amount thus far expended on

the building is $145,717.92

and

on the installation

of the machinery

$40,818.11.

The

Cristobal

substation

was

installed

for the

purpose

of furnishing power required by the coal-handling plant,

the Mount

Hope

pumping

plant,

and

miscellaneous

requirements

vicinity

Cristobal.

Excavation

for this

structure

was

begun

March 4, 1914, and the erection of the steelwork under contract was

completed on May
construction was

$8,557.96.

1914.

$111,858.01

The amount

and

The Miraflores substation is

expended

being

on the

electrical
installed

building

installation

for the

pur-

pose of

caring for the power requirements of Miraflores and Pedro

Miguel Locks, and also for the purpose of serving as a step up trans-

former station for Miraflores steam plant.

The foundation work was

commenced

completed
completed.
$103,509.04

on October

March

1914.

1913

and

The electrical

The amount expended

were

trical installation.

building

The

steelwork
equipment

under

contract

cent

thus far is $155,532.20, of which

construction

Balboa substation

and

$52,023.16

was located

for the

elec-
pur-

pose of supplying power to

Balboa shops,

the air-compressor plant,

dry-dock pumping plant,

plant,

coal-handling plant,

as well as other local purposes.

and Ancon

Work was begun

pumping

on this sub-

station

on April

27, 1914, and

the steelwork

erected

under contract

was

completed

equipment
$49,173.84,

was

on June
installed.

which

1914.

The

$45,565.12

Four

total
were

cent

amount

electrical

expended

building

thus

construction

and

$3.608.72 for electrical installation.

In order to supply power to the

REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR.

500-kilowatt

stepping

power
44,000

transformers

volt

and

transmission

line

necessary
pressure

equipment

down

9,200

volts.
High-power transmission line.-Under a contract dated March 31,

1913,

794 double-track span bridges and 20 single-track span bridges

were to be delivered

on the Isthmus.

These have all been erected in

place with the exception of five special towers which

will be required

at the Cristobal and Balboa

terminals, and

one bridge at Cristobal.

Under contract

there have

been

purchased

and received

to date

transmission

stranded

line

copper and

1,562,2
512,065

feet

of 2/0

Brown

Sharpe

gauge

feet of five-sixteenths inch copper-clad

wire.

At the close of the fiscal

year

1,408,443

feet of

2/0 conductor

cable were erected.

The total amount expended

on the transmission

line

was

$1,014,383.29,

which

$701

were

covered

con-

tracts and

the balance expended

on inspection and installation.

Cables.-The total amount of cable on order, received and installed

up to the end of the fiscal year was 2,659,403 feet,

of which 1,531,528

feet

is lead

sheathed

and

1,12

7,875

feet

is rubber

covered

double-

braid

wire and

lead-covered

feet

rubber

cable.
cable

covered

the close of the

had

had

been
been

pulled
used

fiscal

into

year
duct

1,462,684

and

conductor

feet

911,816

feeds

control connections, etc.
Telephone system.-An elaborate system

of telephone communica-

tion has
awarded
divisions
through

been designed for the operation
for the complete equipment. I

First

that

locks

required

second

that

of the locks and a contract
/ is to consist of three sub-

control

required

in the

vessels

upkeep

and

passing

main-

tenance

work in

lock tunnels

and

third,

that required

local

public service.

The total amount of the contract is $6,949.35.

Emergency dams.-The emergency

dam

at Gatun

were completed

before the close of the last fiscal year, but the final acceptance tests had

not been finished.

During the year the two dams at Gatun

were

cepted and the dams at Pedro Miguel and Miraflores were finished and

accepted,
second o

the first at
n October 1

Pedro

1913

Miguel

on September

Miraflores

first

, 1913
was

and

completed

and accepted January

, 1914, and the second

on February 7, 1914.

A test was made at Gatun in May, 1914; the dam was swung,

girders

F.,

---- v

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

of 950 cubic feet

per second.

This leakage

produced no

dangerous

current in the lock, and it would have been easy to close any

of the

lower

gates in

the face of the stream.

Another purpose of the test

was to determine whether the emergency

a caisson

for unwatering the

locks so

dam
as to

could

used in

lieu

permit access to

gates

painting,

but

leakage

was

great

dam,

as it at present stands, in lieu of the caisson.
made to devise a means of stopping the flow.

pended for the emergency

Experiments are being
The total amount ex-

dams was $2,206,984.67, of which $1,958,-

329.90 were covered by the contract for delivery

of the material and

erection,

and

$248,654.73

inspection

and

other

expenses

assumed by The Panama Canal under the contract.

Floating

entrance to

caissons.-A

locks,

description

including the

the caissons

pumping plant

for closing the
for unwatering

the lock

chambers,

was given in

the last annual

report.

Bids

were

invited

on May

1913,

furnishing

material,

constructing

and

delivering the caisson on

the Isthmus, and

there were

two bid-

ders, the lowest bidder offering to construct the two caissons and de-

liver them at Balboa for the sum

was given at $330,760.

of $648,300, and

A contract was entered inmt

the price for one
o for one caisson

under date of August 22, 1913.

Pontoon bridge.-In

order to maintain

communication

across the

canal with the west side, it was finally decided to construct a pontoon

bridge at Paraiso

carrying the

Panama Railroad.

This

was constructed at the expense of the Panama Railroad

design and construction were undertaken by Commission forces.

bridge
but the

The

approaches and abutments were built under the direction of Mr. A. S.

Zinn,

resident

engineer;

pontoon

and

superstructure

dredging division

under

Mr.

Comber; the track work by the

Panama Railroad Co.

, and the operating machinery by the first divi-

sion of the chief engineer's

office.

The bridge revolves about a pivot

point,

similar

pontoon

bridges

successfully

operated

many years on the upper Mississippi

plans for which were furnished

through
Chicago,

courtesy

Mr.

Loweth,

Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway Co.

chief

engineer

The pontoon is 378 feet

long over all, 55 feet wide,

and 6 feet 3 inches deep at the center line.

mlk.. ... _. Jt-.. --.1 : 0(0 J ..^J- . -L.--.. ,tk. 1L..j-. ... , LL - 1_ -t.... -.. fl . # _j

REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR.

around

an electrically

driven

wildcat

on the

deck

pontoon,

near the west end.

The mechanism for lifting the apron girders and

for turning the bridge, and also

latches

for operating the rail lift, the rail

, and the main latch -at the west pier, is operated from a cen-

tral

panel.

The

total

cost

bridge

June

1914,

was

$218,331.78.
Operation of locks.-The lockages made during the fiscal year gave

an opportunity to

out the locks and

their machinery

The first

one at Gatun

was made on September 26,

1913,

when

the tug Gatun

was put through the Gatun Locks, followed on October

14,1913,

when

a part

dredging

equipment

was

locked

through

Pacific

locks to the lake level.

From these dates throughout the year various

craft

belonging to

The Panama

Canal

were

passed

back

and

forth

as the necessities of the work required, in addition

the tows that

were

instituted

handling

freight

from

Balboa

terminals

Colon and

Cristobal

for the

Panama Railroad

towing

locomotives,

Panama

Railroad

steamers

Alliance

and

Ancon were locked through Gatun Locks and returned,

the courtesy of the agent of W. R.

and through

Grace & Co. the Santa Clara was

locked through the Pacific Locks and returned.

The operation

of the locks

has developed

certain

facts in

regard

the action

of flowing water which

had not been anticipated.

previously noted, the gates of the

upper

locks of

each flight and

the Pedro Miguel Locks are duplicated.

called
gates.

The upper pair of gate

the guard gates and the lower pair of the upper two the lock
At the lower end of the locks the upper pair of gates is called

the safety

gates and

the lower pair of the two the lock

gates.

The

space between the guard gates and

the lock gates is regulated by an

auxiliary

lower
upper

culvert

gates

while

is regulated

lock is low

and

the space between
bv a T culvert.

the valves are open

the safety
When the

gates and

water

in the

there is a sudden drop of

water

Miguel,

level

in the

forebay

This

is more

noticeable

Pedro

where the canal above the forebay is relatively narrow, than

it is at Gatun and Miraflores,

where the forebay

opens immediately

into the lake.

This drop is faster than can be followed by the water

the space between

the guard and upper gates, and the result is a

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

gate-maneuvering struts.

moving

culvert

were

side-wall

apparatus
partially

culvert

Due
such

closed,

and

possible

reverse

stress

choking

the space

danger of
the valves

communication

between

gates.

crippling
in the T

between
experi-

meeting, a degree of closure was reached which

caused the water in

the space

between

the culverts to

behind

water min

lock

when filling, and at the same time to fall rather more rapidly when

emptying.
the safety

this way a positive pressure was always kept against

gates.

With

both

side

and

center

wall

cul-

verts, as the rapidity with
is greatly increased, a differ

which the water level in the lock changes
rent adjustment will be necessary.

When the valves in the side culvert are raised and the water enters

the lock the flow

of water is greater through

those openings in

laterals which are nearest the middle wall than through those nearer

the side culvert.

As the water rises in greatest

volume next to

middle

wall,

there

results

a slight

slope

the surface

toward

side wall.

When both side and middle culverts are used no such ac-

tion

is noticeable.

The

first

gush

water

from

side

culverts

appears to come from the highest laterals and then successively from

the others.

So far as can be ascertained, however, it can not be stated

that the discharge is greatest from any one of the laterals.
In filling or emptying a small canal lock the water levels approach

each

other

with

a rapidity

depending upon

square

root

of the

diminishing

head.

Toward

the end

of the operation

the change

level

becomes

slower,

and

flow

water

is supposed

cease

either

just

before or

the equalization

levels.

Frequently

the gates are opened

with a

very slight head

against them to avoid

the loss of time involved in

waiting for the head to vanish

entirely.

filling

or emptying

locks

The

Panama

Canal

there

is a

noticeable overtravel

of the water, so that the water in the chamber

which

from
bers

filled

rises

slightly

higher

than

level

chamber

which the water is drawn, and the gates separating the cham-

become

subjected

a reverse

head.

Pedro

Miguel

noticed that the water rises from 0.3 to 0.6 of a foot higher than the

water in

forebay,

tending to

throw the

upper

gates open.

The

difference in head is of short duration

, but is very noticeable, and is

I. � i t 1 it I I 1 I1 S f* 4

REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR.

that the overtravel of the water from the emptying lock into the tail
bay may result in continuing the flow of the fresh water through the

culvert
therefore

beyond

point

which

in obviating the danger of the

theory

resultant

should

cease

pressure.

and,
How-

ever, no

lower

roublee
gates.

is experienced

from

The difference in

below the gates is, however, noti
lower gates are opened the fresh

Sthe
densit

resulting pressure

Dy

of the

in another

water

way

against

above
When

and

water rushes out with considerable

velocity on the surface of the salt water below, and there is a corre-

spending rush

salt

water

along the

lower

strata.

This

current

continues for a considerable time and has a noticeable effect on

ves-

sels leaving the

lock, sheering them away

from

middle

wall as

soon as they pass the angle of the side wall.
The slope given to the water in the lock by use of the side culvert

has already been noted. The
of the lowest lock with fresh

same effect was noted during the filling

water when

the lower gates have

been

left open long enough to insure

is from the middle

alt water filling the lock.

wall so that the ship moves to the side

The slope
wall and

towing
lower

locomotives are

lock

during

unable
entire

hold

process

a large

filling

vessel

central

when

side

culvert only is used.
As noted in previous annual reports, in the formula for filling and

emptying the
real velocity,

locks

the coefficient of

was assumed at 0.65

flow

used

determine

, this being slightly more favorable

than

experience

other

locks

shown

readily

obtainable

but the nature of design and construction warranted the assumption.

From experiment

made at Pedro Miguel when the lake level was at

reference 84.8

and

water

in the

lock

was at

reference

50.9

value of C for the side culvert

, with both valves open,

was determined

to be 0.8

much more favorable than

was anticipated.

Similar ob-

servations,

using

only

valve,

were

made

both

Pedro

Miguel

and in the upper

lock at Gatun as a check, and

value of C wa

found
value

somewhat

1.177

and 1

coefficient
Favorable

72 at the two

emptying

than

that

locations, respectively.

lock

filling,

Pedro

The

Miguel

coefficient

the side culvert being found to be 0.804 when both

valves were used.

Gatun

and

Miraflores

where

culvert

s i turned

. - -- - --7 --.-- .---------- -.,- ----- .-I .--

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

ELECTRICAL DIVISION.

The

operation

various

power

plants

was

consolidated

April 1
United

to comprise the electrical division,

States

Army

includes

under Capt.

operation

and

H. Rose,

maintenance

of the steam-driven electric power plants at Gatun, Miraflores, Em-

pire,

and Balboa

and all the substations

, transmission, and distribu-

tion lines connected with the

power plants

the operation and main-

tenance

air-compressor

plants

Empire

and

Balboa;

con-

struction, operation, and maintenance of all building and street light-

systems

in the

Canal

Zone;

operation

and

maintenance

electric cargo-handling cranes on

the Panama Railroad

pier at Bal-

boa

installation

electrical

equipment of the

new

Balboa

shops of the mechanical division; and the construction of permanent
underground conduit systems for the permanent towns of the Canal
Zone.
One of the three 1,500 kilowatt vertical turbo generator sets and two

high-pressure

water tube

boilers were removed

from

the Gatun

station for installation at the Miraflores power plant.

The new unit

was completed into place on June 1

1914.

This gives the Miraflores

plant

a capacity

about

6,000

kilowatts

same

as the

hydro-

electric station.

The total amount of power in kilowatt hours gen-

rated during the year was:
6,824,556 kilowatt hours at Gatun, at a cost of $0.0175 per kilowatt hour.
16,352,732 kilowatt hours at Miraflores, at a cost of $0.0135 per kilowatt
. hour.
2,327,877 kilowatt hours at Empire, at a cost of $0.0240 per kilowatt hour.
138,143 kilowatt hours at Balboa, at a cost of $0.1503 per kilowatt hour.

The air-compressor plants operated

pire

and

Balboa,

and

Rio

Grande

during the year were

plant

was

operated

Em-
until

November

1913.

tion work at Culebra

They furnished

Rio Grande

division shops at Empire,

division

the work in

erection at Pe
the vicinity on

compressed

and Gold Hill

Balboa, and Paraiso;
Iro Miguel Locks, An<

SSosa Hill and

the new

air for the excava-
; for the mechanical
for the work of the

quarry, and for
Lrv dock at Bal-

boa.

The output of the air-compressor plant

in cubic feet of free

Qnsr rnmnr .r

... . . ....

pounds pressure.

was 2.739.650.533

nMhic

-fptef

REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR.

completed,

one at

Miraflores and

one at

Balboa,

each

1,500

kilo-

watts capacity

11,000-volt transmission between these points.

May,
tween

1914,

another

Miraflores

11,000-volt

power

plant

transmission line

and

Cucaracha

was completed

, upplying

power

the relay pumps and

alterations

necessitated

the Gold Hill hydraulic plant.

a change

in the

pole

lines

Additions and
r construction,

amounting to about 15 miles.

power to the range

lights and

About 25 miles of pole line to supply
beacons of the lighthouse subdivision

were

constructed,

electrical

division

lighthouse
installing

subdivision

wires

erecting the

and

poles

transformers

and
and

making
armored

were

connections to

cables.

installed

the lights and

supplying

between

that

power

station

beacons.

Agua
and t

Duplicate

Clara

Gatun

pumping

2,200-volt

station

substation.

all about 12,900 feet of conduit,

having 83,000 feet of duct incased in

concrete

and

40 concrete

manholes were completed

during the

year

connection

Hotel,
with t

new

Balboa

done in connection

between

Pedro

administration

substation.

Miguel
building

A large

with the electrical

telephone

Balboa,

amount
work in

exchange,

and

conduit

Tivoli
latter

work was

permanent

build-

ings

and

Balboa

shops.

The

eight

4-ton

alternating

current

cargo-handling cranes, five 4-ton direct current cranes, and one 20-ton

direct current French crane

, all on the Panama Railroad pier at Bal-

boa,

tically
tion.

were

operated

and

commercial

The

total

number

maintained.

freight

These

crossing the

of vessels

loaded

cranes

Isthmus

handled
in either

unloaded

prac-
direc-

during the

year was 413.

For

further

details

concerning

various

matters

referred

above

, attention is invited to Appendixes A and A-1.

MUNICIPAL ENGINEERING.

As already noted, the division of municipal engineering was formed
by consolidating the division of public works and the municipal work

in the three construction divisions on July

1913

and

was placed

in charge of Mr. George M.

Wells as resident engineer.

The division

is divided into five principal section

The northern district embraces

all municipal

construction, maintenance, and

operation

work, exclu-

.-~ n '9
S n's. 9 a ..

A --

� R *..

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

analyses of all

Canal Zone

water supplies

and

the fifth subdivision

embraces all work of design for the division.

The improvements in the city

of Colon in progress at the close of

the pre'
made bl
August,
The ]

viOUS

fiscal

year

and

y Congress of $800,000,

1913
plant

being

paid

from

were completed

an appropriation

the early

part of

at a final cost of $520,212.57.

Gatun

manufacture

concrete

pipe

was

operated until May,

when the plant was closed down, there being suf-

ficient

on hand

purposes.

The

usual

maintenance

work

connection

with

reservoirs

northern

district

was

per-

formed

kept

and the level of the water in the Brazos Brook Reservoir was

about

water from

same

Gatun Lake

elevation
through

during the

the tunnel

season

constructed

by letting
during the

previous year.

The

new

purification

plant

located

Mount

Hope

and furnishing water to the city of Colon,

Cristobal, and adjacent dis-

trict was completed and placed in service in February, 1914, and has

been successfully operated since that date.
the plant was $292,198.10.

The total division cost of

addition

maintenance

work in

the southern

district,

a con-

siderable

amount

construction

work

was

undertaken

, including

streets

, water and sewer systems, and roads in the new silver town of

Boca, storm

sewers in

gold

town site

Balboa

water

and

sewer systems and streets at Pedro Miguel, the installation

of water

and sewer systems for the Darien radio station, and work in connec-

tion

with an addition to the city of Panama,

for which the Republic

of Panama made a special appropriation of $76,000.

The

question

water supply for the

providing

a permanent,

towns of the Canal

adequate,

Zone

from

and

Pedro

suitable
Miguel

south
were

been

under

greater than

could

consideration

some

be supplied

time.

Rio

The

Grande

demands

Reservoir,

and

with

depopulation

of the

Canal

Zone

which

contemplated

the elimination of all towns on the west side of the canal

, a plan was

prepared for
necting them

utilizing

by a

Camacho

pipe line,

and

Rio

Grande

Reservoirs,

and increasing the capacity

con-

of the Rio

Grande Reservoir by raising the dam

diverting the railroad for the

purpose.

With

the adoption

of the policy

quartering the troops

ii I � � ml 1 i "l* it 11 1 1 Sl 1 ill1

REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR.

struction of a high-service reservoir on the side of Ancon Hill, all to

be based

on a nominal

maximum

capacity

12,000,000

gallons

filtered water per day.
water was considered,

At the time that the use of Miraflores Lake

the possible objection

was

advanced

that

chlorine content

, by reason of the operation of Miraflores Locks,

might

increase beyond 75 to 100 parts per million, but at the time it did not
seem possible that this would occur, at least for a period of years, on

assumption

that

intimate

diffusion

between

salt

water

mitted
rapid,

by the

locks

and

fresh

water

lake

would

more especially in view of the fact that water could be pumped

from one of the fresh

arms of the lake.

At any rate,

the enormous

saving that would result seemed to warrant adopting the Miraflores

Lake project.
In January, after the pumps from Cocolihad been

transferred

Miraflores

and

increased

in capacity

take

care

demand,

chlorine sampling stations were established

lake

and

was

discovered that with the continued operation of the locks the chlorine

content steadily rose.

By February it became apparent that constant

diffusion

was

taking place

throughout all areas of the lake

inm gen-

eral

, as well as its arms, and went as high as 15 per cent salt water.

In order to bring this down

a temporary pump station was installed

at Pedro Miguel and approximately 4,000 gallons of water per minute

were

pumped

from

Culebra

Cut

north

of the

locks

and

discharged

into Miraflores Lake

immediately

in front of the

temporary

pump-

ing station.

While this reduced

the chlorine content of water going

to Panama, it increased the turbidity of the water due to the condi-

tion in the Cut.

As the result of these observations, it became evident

that Miraflores Lake

would

impracticable

use as

a source of

water supply for the southern end of the canal, and it was therefore
decided to move the pumping station to the Chagres River at Gamboa,
the water to be taken from this point through 30-inch to 36-inch cast-
iron mains laid along the line of the Panama Railroad to the purifi-

cation
action

plant

in course

was taken

erection

an effort was

on Miraflores

made

Hill

Before

final

reduce the chlorine content

by drawing off the
and admitting fresh

water

from

Miraflores

water through Pedro

Lake

through

locks

Miguel Locks, but the re-

suits were not satisfactory

Work was commenced

a

on the

nnurifla-

26

works in the southern

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

district was estimated at $1,261,000,

division

cost;

total

amount expended at the close of the

fiscal

$703,585.05.
For further details attention is invited to Appendix A-2.

year was

METEOROLOGY

AND

HYDROGRAPHY.

Until April 1, 1914,

the meteorological and hydrographic sections

continued under separate heads; on that date they were consolidated

into one division

under a chief hydrographer reporting to the engi-

neer of maintenance, and a reduction of three gold men

was effected.

But few changes were made during the year in the meteorological

stations operated.

Wind records were discontinued at Sosa Hill

January

1, 1914; the

wind station

was moved from

Guarapo

Island

the administration building at Gatun

on December

14, 1913; and

a new

wind

station

was

established

Gamboa

on November

1913.

Evaporation

records

Brazos

Brook

were

discontinued

April 1, 1914.

A rainfall station was established on the Siri branch

Trinidad

River in

January

1914

and

a similar station

was

established near the head

of the Gatun River branch of Gatun Lake

May,

1914.

Records

from

these

stations

were

obtained

in estimating the monthly rainfall over the lake watershed.

Seismic

disturbances

during

year were

I

in any previous year since American

aore numerous
occupation, 87

ana

severe

than

distincts shocks

being

recorded

Ancon.

Practically

shocks

seemed

originate in tl
approximately

shocks
stance

occurred

vicinity

miles

of the lower coast of Los Santos Province

southwest

on October 2

maximum

recording pens were

amplitude

thrown

, 1913, and

75+

The

Ancon.
May 28,

was

shock

The
1914

most

recorded,

of May

violent

in each in-

when

resulted

slight damage to the new a
erection at Balboa Heights,

administration building then in

but with

this exception

the ca

course of
lal works

suffered no damage from these shocks.

For use of the Fortification

Board, maximum and minimum

temperatures were

recorded

on the

Miraflores dumps.

Duplicate automatic tide registers were continued

at Balboa and Colon.

The

main

hydrographic

features

year

were

the filling of

w

REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR.

recorded at Culebra on April 24 established a new
record at that station.

high temperature

The rainfall

Brazos

Brook,

during
Colon.

1913
and

was

Porto

below normal

Bello.

The

at all stations except

heaviest

precipitation

for the year was 171.19 inches at Porto

Bello

and the minimum

was

59.54 inches at Balboa.
The wind movement over the Canal Zone for the year was slightly

above

normal.

North

and

northwest

winds

prevailed.

March

was

the windiest month at all stations

and November the month of least

wind movement.

Between
rose from
controlled

the year it

June

and

plus 4

spillway

was

possible

December

84.7

gates

for the

1913

Since

between

first time

Gatun

the latter

85.14

and

Lake

date it has

84.13.

to determine

level
been

During
velocity

which would be caused in the canal prism at Gamboa by floods in the

upper Chagres.

feet

second

On May 26,
the velocity

with a discharge at Alhajuela of 16,000

Gamboa

Bridge

was

0.65

mile

hour, the

lake level being at 84.92 and rising to 84.98.

On June

with

a discharge at Alhajuela of

20,0

0 feet per second, the

velocity

Gamboa

to 84.86.

Bridge

was

1.05

miles

hour,

with

lake

For further particulars attention is invited to Appendix

GENERAL SURVEYS.

A-3.

In addition

to setting corner and grade stakes for building lot

Colon and Panama

, setting grades for fill in

Colon

, making

urveys

and

preparing maps of estates and parcels of land in

dispute before

joint land

commission

, making surveys and

inspections

department

of law,

and

performing

a considerable

amount of

mis-

cellaneous

work,

general-surveys

section

repaired

and

removed

certain Zone triangulation stations, made surveys and maps for other
departments of The Panama Canal, made locations for the radio sta-

tions being constructed for the Navy

Department,

took readings on

settlement

hubs

in the

Gatun

Dam,

and

performed

necessary

work

in connection

with

precise

level

ments for the tide-guage registers at Colon,

bench
Gatun

marks

and

monu-

and Miraflores.

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

light
which

was

had

rather

been

built

an elaborate

during the

structure

previous

founded

fiscal

year.

on a caisson

During

year just ended it was taken

the site

that

was to occupy

and,

in sinking it by admitting water through

valves at the bottom of the

caisson, the valves could not be controlled from above, it took a sheer,

and

the caisson sunk in

purpose

$8,601
The

intended

in the

.o2
total

amount

until

attempt,

a position
t could be

was

expended

which

prevented

straightened.

abandoned as wai
completing the

for the

After
s also
entire

expending
the design.
system of

beacons,

lights,

and

buoys

date

aggregate

$514,878.81,

exclusive

of general expenses.
For further details attention is invited to Appendix A.

DRY

EXCAVA TION.

The excavation for the canal prism in the dry,

uncompleted at the

close

previous

fiscal

year,

embraced

Culebra

Cut

from

Gamboa

Pedro

Miguel Locks,

the channel

between Pedro

Miguel

and Miraflores Locks, and the channel below Miraflores Locks to the
dike which excluded the waters of the Pacific. As noted in the pre-

vious annual report, a decision had been reached

the Cut by blowing up the dike at Gamboa on

admit

October

water to

10, 1913, and

to complete
end in view

the
the

excavation
excavation

that

remained

in Culebra

Cut

dredges.

was

carried

With

this

on during

July with an average of 40.74 steam shovels, in August with an aver-

34.65

steam

shovels,

and

in September

with

an average

14.62 steam shovels.

These shovels worked not only in the Cut proper

but on

the upper reaches in

side opposite Lirio.

from

5 to

2 shovel

After t
worked

the vicinity o
he water had

on both

f Culebra and
been admitted

the east

and

west

on the east
to the Cut

bank in

vicinity
bank wa

of Culebra so as to lighten the load.

continued until April 1,

1914, and

The work on

on the

the east

west bank inter-

mittently until June
able amount occurred

1914.

on the

The

last movement

west side at Culebra

of any

consider-

just as the steam

shovels

were

withdrawn.

There

were

removed

during

year

total

of 3,122,702 cubic yards of

material,

of which

2,205,847

cubic

yards were classified a

rock, at a division cost of $0.5661

per cubic

- - -in.. * * '1 I P. 1 1....

m

REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR.

material removed in the dry from

Culebra

Cut

from

the beginning

American

cubic

yards

operations t
t a division

June

cost

1914

$0.7066

Saggregated

cubic

yard

61,883
f this

amount

25,206,100

cubic

yards

were

removed

because

slides

22.86

per cent.

This was an

increase

4,940,100 cubic

yards

over

that estimated

in the annual report

1912.

Steam-shovel

opera-

tions in

Cut

proper were

permanently

suspended

on September

1913

and at that time it was estimated

that 600,000 cubic yards

of material remained to be removed by

dredges from the Cut section

within

original

limits

canal,

exclusive

slides

and

inclines at the north

and south

ends of the

Cut.

Practically

this material lay between Cucaracha slide and a
between Culebra and Empire.

point about midway

prevent

possible

damage

canal

velocity

current caused

by the difference

in head

between

Gatun

Lake

level

and
pipe

the bottom of the Cut,

extending

into

water was admitted

lake

under

Gamboa

through

Dike,

these

the 24-inch

pipes

mining from

the old pumping plant located in

vicinity to take

care

drainage

water

north

divide.

This

was

done at 9 a. m. on October

Work on drilling the dike at Gamboa

preparatory to its demolition was begun in the latter part of August;

holes

were

loaded

and

were

fired

on October

accordance with an arrangement made two or three days beforehand,

blast

was fired

President

Woodrow

Wilson

Washington.

This was effected by using the land telegraph to Galveston,

Tex.

and

connecting it there

with

the Central

South

American

Cable Co.'

submarine cable and land lines,

which,

employing the company'

transisthmian

vicinity
current

was

cable

dike.

relayed

furnished a connection

When

from

President

point

point

to a local
depressed

along

circuit in

lever,

route

and

was

eventually transmitted

weight

attached

to the local circuit

handle

a switch.

, closing it and

The

weight

tripping a
threw the

switch, setting off the blast. �
opening 125 feet wide through

The result of the explosion was a clear
which water from Gatun Lake flowed

in sufficient volume to complete the filling of Culebra

Cut

from

dike

Cucaracha

slide

in about

two

hours'

time.

Prior

dyna-

miting the dike the water in the Cut was about 6 feet below the level

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

until
area

October

12 that a stream of water was gotten through and the

south

slide

began

The

dredges

reached

Cucaracha

slide

from

north

end

on October

and

from

south end on October 24.

The Gamboa Dike was attacked by dredges

immediately

after

explosion.

channel

was

finally

dredged

through

Cucaracha slide, so as

permit the

passage of the dredg-

ing fleet from

one side to the other, on December

With the ex-

ception

a small

pocket slide in

vicinity

of Cascadas,

the ad-

mission of water to the Cut has thus far had no bad effects; nor has
there been any perceptible tendency for the presence of water to pro-
duce slides.

In the central

division a total of 44.5 miles of track was removed

during the

period July

1 to

October

a total

33.7

miles were

laid, and a total of

294.81 miles shifted.

The sluicing operations to the north of Gold Hill and to the rear

of Cucaracha slide

were continued

during the

year

and

resulted in

the removal of 1,384,455 cubic yards of rock and earth, at an average

division

cost of $0.1997

per cubic

yard.

This material

was carried

by flumes into the valley to the east of the canal.

Material

different

removed

localities,

bulk

from

Culebra

going

Cut

Balboa

was

waste

wasted

dumps,

where 1,017,596 cubic yards were deposited, and

on the dumps along

the relocation
were placed.

of the

Panama

Railroad,

where

920,748

cubic

yards

The balance was used largely in fills at various points

south of the Cut.
South of Pedro Miguel Locks material amounting to 306,700 cubic

yards

was

excavated

fifth

division.

this,

20,510

cubic

yards were from the channel south of Pedro Miguel Locks and 286,190

cubic yards from the prism south of the Miraflores Locks.

The aver-

division

cost

was

$0.5134

cubic

yard.

The

material

was

used as a back fill to the locks and for sloping the Miraflores Dam.

On account of material recovered at the close of the

work, credit

was

given

excavation

aggregating about $79,000, so that the actual

during the

year was $0.7709

cubic

yard.

cost of dry
The total

amount

excavated

dry

from

Pedro

Miguel

since

beginning

work

aggregated

4,819,969

cubic

yards,

a .-*.- - .

REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR.

channel.

The last remaining barrier at the Pacific end of the canal

was dynamited at 9.30 o'clock August 31

1913.

This dike, composed

of a
level

trestle fill

from

of rock and

entering

earth,

prevented the

steam-shovel

, 5,000

water from

feet

long,

the sea

feet

wide,

and

feet

below

mean

tide

, extending to

Miraflores

Locks.

The

Rio

Grande

diversion

was

turned

into

this

on August

bhe depth of
About 37,000

water

had

pounds

only

of 45

reached

about

cent and

feet

per cent

y August
dynamite

were used, the charge being placed in 541 holes at an average depth

30 feet.

time

of the explosion

water

in the

channel

south

of the

barrier was

nearly

at low

tide.

The

dynamite

tore

gap

dike about

100 feet

wide,

as the

bottom

of the

gap

was still at some height above the existing tide level, no water passed

through
minutes

until high
after the

inside channel

was

tide, at

water

1.35

first

that of

p. m.

began t<
Outside

At 3
flow

channel

o'clock,

over,

hour and

level

while

in the

gap

had

been widened to 400 feet or more.
As noted in previous annual reports,

there

were two

low places in

perimeter

Gatun

Lake

which

were

raised

in order

avoid
these

possibility

was

in the

vicinity

waters
Gatun,

lake

and

escaping.

an embankment

One

was

built

across it by the forces of the Atlantic division.

This was in a ravine

headwaters of Las

tion

was

85.7

feet

above

Guachas

Creek,

level.

where
about

natural

feet

long

eleva-

and

containing approximately

4,117

cubic

yards was

made

by means of

mule-team scrapers, borrowing from adjacent hills,

which raised the

surface to elevation 105

with a crown

width of 15 feet.

Under date

November

1913

a contract

was

made

building

an earth

dike at Cano Saddle No.

4, along a

ridge about

12 miles southwest

of Gatun

above
71.500

yard
The

raise

level.

cubic

rim

The

yards,

Gatun Lake at that

estimated

and

embankment measure.

amount

contract

price

point

material

was

involved

cents

The work was completed in May

payments to contractor will aggregate $48

,950.50.

feet
was

cubic
1914.

This saddle

between

headwaters

Siri

River,

a tributary

Trinidad

and

Lagarto

River,

which

flows

into

Caribbean

Sea.

The surface of the earth at the lowest point was 87.4 feet above

9

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

In the first district, between Pedro Miguel Locks and the sea, there

were
were

removed 5,364,816
taken from within

cubic yards, of which

the canal

prism

and

3,329,072 cubic

balance

was

yards
aux-

iliary work.

Of the amount removed from

1,186,432 cubic yards were of rock.

within

the canal

Of the rock excavated,

prism,
146,477

cubic yards

60,832

cubic

were drilled and

yards

remainder includes

were

blasted by the drill

broken

rock which

by
had

the
beer

rock

bre,

drilled

barge
aker F

Teredo and

ulean.

well

drills

The
and

blasted in previous years and material which could be handled by the

dredges without mining.
$0.2578 per cubic yard.

The average cost of prism excavation

Active operations began in

was

Culebra Cut on

October
3,432,363

1913

cubic

and

yards

continued

were

throughout

removed,

which

year

919,655

a total

cubic

yards

were

earth and

balance

rock.

The

average cost

was $0.5194

per cubic yard.

Of this amount,

865,015

cubic

yards of

earth

and

1,557

60 cubic yards of rock were removed from

an average cost of $0.4730 per cubic yard.

Cucaracha slide, at

Pipe-line dredges, with the

assistance of a relay, pumped over the west bank of the canal into the

Rio

Grande

Valley

684,514

cubic

yards

earth

and

77,880

cubic

yards of rock,

racha

slide

at an
Been

average cost of $0.2773

very

active

since

per cubic yard.

dredging

operations

Cuca-
started,

the daily movement averaging about 2�

feet.

On June 30, 1914, the

total area of the slide was 60.4 acres, 44.6 acres active and 15.8 acres

without motion.

Dredging wa

done during four months of the year

in Miraflores Lake, removing

159,817

cubic yards of

earth from

canal prism, at an average cost of $0.3179 per cubic yard.

the second

year, of which

district 6,544,192 cubic

yards

were

removed

3,692,576 cubic yards were removed

from

during
within

the canal prism,

574,630 cubic yard

Bay, and the balance was auxiliary v

from old French dump in Limon
york. The average cost of prism

and

French

dump

dredging

was

$0.1717

cubic

yard.

amount

removed

from

the canal

prism, 15

,994 cubic yards were of

rock.

Of the

total

amount

taken

there

were

removed

between

October, 1913,

and February, 1914. 507,195 cubic yards of earth and

5,035 cubic yards of rock from the canal prism just north of Gamboa
from what was formerly known as Point No. 1.

A J-1 r _ J.

. ----- -- 1-

I_ ~~.,]. - --

- n nfl a - a 3

al n I lh r1i r - r nfl a1r1nr11t1r arrt/V t LW * L5 * rT *_* 0El U I* � � rtjzL ELSIE aE'"a.S"/jjjn

A -

___',* I

REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR.

d

thousand
304,411

basins, and

cubic yards were

placed in

the fill

for the substation and

cubic yards were placed in fills for bridge foundations,

yards at

coal

the coaling station.

At the Pacific terminals the dredges removed 1,919,003 cubic yards

cf earth and 7,964 cubic yards of rock, of which 1

of earth

31,711 cubic yards

were handled by pipe-line dredges and relays and placed in

fills for reclaiming swamp land.

$0.1655

The average cost of this work was

per cubic yard.

considerable

amount

of miscellaneous dredging

was also

done,

making

total

removed

entire

dredgin

fleet

Including

yardage of sand and gravel reclaimed, 15,341,371

cubic

yards.

The

fleet consisted of the seagoing suction dredges Caribbean and Culebra,

seagoing

ladder

dredge

Corozal

French

ladder

dredges

Badger, No. 1, No.

5, Gopher

Marmot, and Mole (the last abandoned

worn

Cardenas,

ut on September 2(
Chagres, and Mindi,

1913),

15-yard

5-yard

dipper

dredges

dipper dredges Gamboa

and Paraiso, and the pipe-line suction dredges No. 4, No.

No. 85, No. 86, and the

andpiper.

In connection with these dredges

there
scows.

were

employed

tugs,

launches

, 9 clapets,

and

dump

As noted in the previous annual report,

the Bucyrus Co.

for the construction

of two

contract
15-yard

was made with
dipper dredges

and

their delivery

at tidewater in

to be ready for towing to the

United States.

Isthmus on

December

The
1913

first

was

and the

second

on January

1914.

The

first

dredge

was

accepted

Port

Richmond,

on February

reached

Isthmus

on March

, and was placed in operation on April 4, 1914.

The second dredge

was

accepted

on May

and

Port
went

Richmond

into

on April

commission

reached

Cucaracha

slide

Isthmus
on June

1914.

Due

failure

ciently strong to do the work,

1 the buckets,
an additional

which

were

delay was caused.

suffi-
The

failure to meet the stipulated dates of delivery resulted in

very sen-

ously

handicapping the

work at Cucaracha slide and

delayed secur-

a channel

sufficiently

deep

and

wide

permit

the canal

utilized for the passage of commerce before the close of the year.
The sum of $2,000 was authorized to be expended in the construc-

tion

of temporary

dikes on the

west side of the channel

where

I ,s r *a ,11 1 * Il i i

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

MECHANICAL DIVISION.

The

until July

that

mechanical

19, 1913,

date

and

division

when he

until

was

charge

Mr.

resigned from the service.

March

, 1914,

Lieut.

Col.

i. Robinson
Subsequent
3. Dickson,

United

States

ganization
under the

tendent.

and

Army,

performed

personnel,

supervision
)n January

while

Mr.

1914,

general

duties

operation

John

Eason

Mr.

relating t
the shops

as assistant

Nutting,

United

was

supern-

States

Navy, reporting for duty,

over

duties

was assigned

performed

Col.

as superintendent and

Dickson

in connection

took
with

this division.

The

establishments

Balboa

shop

under

operation

(including roundhouse

division

and

consisted

shops),

Cris-

tobal shops and

dock,

Paraiso shops,

Cristobal roundhouse,

small

hoisting

establishments

Gatun

, Empire,

and

Paraiso,

and

the car-inspecting establishments at Cristobal and Balboa.

The

Cristobal

shops

and

dock

have

been

charged

with

repairs to

floating equipment;

as this dock was the only

able when a dry dock was necessary, it was in practically

one avail-
continuous

use throughout the

year.

For the

purpose of

docking the

five sub-

marines
Corozal
Paraiso

repair

which

upper

shops

work

were

on duty
lock of tl

on the

east

reestablished

on the

dredging

Isthmus

flight

on October
equipment

and

Gatun

docking

was

, 1913,

operating

used.

take

The
care

in Culebra

Cut.

The

hostling

four

engines

operating

in this

vicinity

was

turned over to these shops on May 25,

1914, and is performed

under

the foreman machinist.

The Cristobal roundhouse

was turned

over

to the mechanical

division

on April

1, 1914, and all hostling

north

end

of the canal

was concentrated

there.

The establishment,

min addition

two

air compressors

per minute.

roundhouse

with

, comprises

a combined

The plant supplies air for

a small

capacity

boiler
about

plant
2,000

hostling purposes and

and
feet
also

for work on the new piers of the Panama Railroad.

A small hostling

plant
With

was

established i
establishment

Empire,

in the

the electrical

shops
division

vacated,

on April

March

1914,

the electrical

a
~.v, an r$Irt

plants at Empire, Miraflores, Gatun, and Balboa,

a n Lb -. . 1

a * a V.. - -~ -

-n -a

-I

a c~

pre-
- x

an fl4 a4 an

|| RI i | | �q a i> | It * | ** | I ! B * *IIfl |I |*|*_l * I f�** *** *J t.|E| tU *&1J3L N U t NEl fU E JLJI *E 1

t

REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR.

chinery

and

caring for

locomotives engaged in

that vicinity.

They

were abandoned April 1

,1914, and the work transferred to Balboa and

Cristobal.

The Pedro

Miguel engine house

was abandoned

on Sep-

tember

to the Gold

1913,
Hill

and

engine

e greater
house and

portion

equipment

buildings turned

moved

over to

quartermaster
established at

department

Gold

ment employed in

Hill
iry e

and

torn

in September,

xcavation

north

down.

1913

engine

to care

of Gold

Hill

house

was

for the equip-
. The engine

house continued in operation until completion of the excavation work

and

was discontinued

on March 31

1914.

The air-compressor plant

at Rio Grande

on October
district pr

, which had been in operation since 1905,

1913

eviously

was shut down

, and such compressed air as was required in the

supplied

Rio

Grande

was

furnished

plant :
March

Empire.

', 1914,

centrated

The

when

Cristobal

they

Balboa

were

shops.

car shops
abandoned

When

were in

and

Balboa

operation
1 car work
roundhouse

until
con-

was

into

service

on April

, 1914,

Panama

roundhouse

Panama Railroad

was placed

out of use.

Throughout the year,

while the shops were in operation, two shifts

were

regularly

worked

Gorgona,

Empire,

Paraiso,

and

Balboa.

In addition to the double shift, emergencies continually

arose which

necessitated

large

amounts

overtime

work,

in order

that

equip-

ment might be kept in condition for use and to prevent delay in the

work of

other divisions.

For further details, as well as a statement showing the amount of

work done during the year by the
to Appendix D.

DIVISION

various shops, attention is invited

OF TERMINALS.

The

division

of terminal

construction

was

organized

on April

1914, under Mr. H. H.

Rousseau,

United States Navy, as engineer of

terminal

construction.

The

division

embraces

forces

former second division

inspection and

plants,

struction

, chief engineer':

construction

floating cranes,

transportation

of the

docks and

rail;:

office engaged in

y docks, shops,
other terminal

road,

street

coal

the design,

and

facilities

and

sewer

fuel-
con-
work

under

landscape

architect;

and

breakwater

construction

I' . ,' a -

A L u

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

which

was begun

on April

1913

protect

the entrance

of Dry

Dock No. 1, Dry

cavations,
Difficulty

Dock No. 2, the entrance basin, and coal-pocket ex-

was completed by placing 103,116 cubic yards of material.

was

experienced

through

a portion

double-track

trestle giving way

and moving outward after dumping from it had

commenced,

dumping

this

material

was overcome

from

barges

and

reinforcing 1
ie cofferdam

outer toe

was

completed.

The leakage through it is relatively small and can

be controlled by

pumps.

In excavating for Dry

Dock No. 1 and Dry

Dock No. 2

coal

pockets

forced

November,

and

work
when

entrance

basin,

be confined

they

were

the center

demolished

and

Balboa

and

machine

south

sides

last obstacle

shops
until

to ex-

cavation

was removed.

The total amount taken out from the site of

Dry Dock No. 1 during the year was 358,282 cubic yards, 48,838 cubic

yards of which were classified as earth and the balance a

rock, mak-

ing a total of 466,975 cubic yards excavated from this area up to the

close

of the

year.

The

division

cost

year

was $1.0250

cubic yard,
cubic yard.

and the average division cost of the total was $0.9946 per

From the site of Dry

Dock No. 2,

which is located

just

north of the entrance of Dry

Dock No. 1, there were removed during

the year 41,548 cubic yards of earth and

52,129 cubic yards of rock,

at an average division cost of $0.8129 per cubic yard.

Steam-shovel

operations

deepened

excavation

from

-13.5

final

grade

for the entire area of the approach basin inside of the cofferdam, and

a total
$1.0250

and for the

351,333

cubic
travel

cubic
yard.

yards

The

were

area

removed

required

a division

for the

of unloading towers measures 800

storage

cost

coal

feet in length

and

about 400

feet

in width,

measured

from

the outer

edge

of the

quay

wall.

The

total

amount

excavation

during

year

was

166,104 cubic y
balance rock.

rards,

79,837

cubic yards of which

were earth and the

The average division cost was $0.7984 per cubic yard.

The material excavated from the site of the dry docks, entrance basin,

and

coal

pocket

was

removed

means

steam

shovels,

three

which

were worked 8 hours a day until February, 1914,

of that

another

month

shovel

added.

shovels
These

were

placed

shovels

on a 12-hoi

worked

when on the
ir basis and

split

shifts,

I _ __ _ _ -1 . __

_ .. . . .1

- ..- 4.-j - -. -. - -. aJ.A .L. a aC,.I ^nC i-U.^ ..^.-. v ....

---- -- m A

REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR.

storage

pile,

and

will

support

Pacific

division

berm

cranes

which will be reerected to rehandle the coal.

The material was mixed

i-yard

mixer

close of the fiscal
pockets were up

and

year all

placed

locomotive

three of the

to the construction

joint,

crane.

piers over the deep

where

girders

the
coal

which

carry the rail are to be set.

The retaining wall between the high and

storage

pockets was

to elevation

for three-fourths

length.
storage

The

area

retaining wall

rubble

was

retaining

completed,

at the east end

wall

as well

on the

as a

south

part

of the high area.

There

side

small
were

rubble
placed

during the

year

1,330 cubic yards of concrete and 808 cubic yards of

rubble masonry at an average division cost of $7.4811

per cubic yard.

There

were also

placed

in the foundations for the berm cranes 2,620

cubic yards of concrete at a division cost,
of $7.4464 per cubic yard.

exclusive of reinforcements,

The total amount of excavation accomplished

for dry

including the

docks, entrance basin, coaling plant, shops, quay walls,

work
and

piers, aggregated 1,513,048 cubic yards, of which 1,477,843 cubic yards

were

placed

in fill

and

embankment

remainder

being

hand

excavation

wasted in

the excavation

foundations

shops,

orange-peel excavation thrown to one side during the excavation

foundations

wharves

and

piers.

The

excavated

material

was

used to bring the shops'

yard

to elevation 18

make the fill

hind the quay wall, piers, and the area to be occupied by the Panama

Railroad

yards,

which

east

head

wall

permanent

piers, for the Nao
Balboa dumps.

Island

Breakwater, and

part was wasted

on the

Shops.--Lieut.

Col.

Dickson,

United States Army, inspector

hops,

was in immediate charge of the design and

installation

machinery

was relieved

of the

from

new
duty

Balboa

with

shops

until

the canal.

March

1914

when

The steelwork was car-

ried on by contract and completed during the year.

The total amount

material

material

and

delivered

erection

was

11,657,429

in place

under

pounds,
contract

and

was

cost

$427,203.

The

work was completed.

The

tiles being manufactured

buildings

have

on the Isthmus and

cement

erected in

roofing, the
place under

- - a *

1

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

foundations of two of the buildings were interfered with by the sand

dock
tions,
barge

and

considerable

trouble

was

experienced

due to obstructions in the mud below low tide

and

other

French

equipment and

old metal

placing

founda-

, consisting of old

which

had

been

dumped into the area and subsequently covered up.

The

installation

of machine foundations

in the

various buildings

progressed rapidly as soon as it was possible to start work inside the

buildings.

this

connection

4,944-

cubic

yards

concrete

were

used.

The shop

i' tunnel,

which runs through the building and yard

parallel

axis

dry

dock,

was

completed.

proper

drainage system was provided over the entire area.
The mechanical division abandoned Gorgona in August,

1913

, and,

together with the foundry and planing mill, moved direct to Balboa.
The other shops were transferred temporarily to Empire, and, cornm-

mencing March 1, 1914, were gradually moved to Balboa.

At the close

of the year practically all of the machines were erected in the perma-

nent locations and in

operation.

The total amount expended

on the

shops, including the cost of moving and installing the machines,

$2,384,967.33.

The shops

office

building is

last one

under

was
con-

struction.

At the close of the

year the steel framework and cement

roofing

were

completed

and

construction

division

supply

department was putting in the walls and floors,

the completion of the building.
office building was $59,494.90.

and engaged in

The total amount expended

on the

Breakwaters.-As stated in the last annual report,

it was decided

to construct a detached breakwater on the east side of Colon Harbor
to protect the interior harbor against the waves caused by the trade
winds, its general direction extending out from Coco Solo to a point

2,000 feet east of the outer extremity

of the west breakwater.

The

breakwater,

as originally

approved,

was

7,200

feet

long,

inner end being 3,893 feet from the end

of the shore fill.

Investiga-

tions were made in various localities for the purpose of securing suit-

able core and armor rock for use in its construction,

with a

view to

doing
Upon

away

with

the examination

necessity

further

Porto

Bello.

of comparative estimates of costs bearing on

different sources of supply of rock to be used, it was decided to obtain

1 A. . . C. tT"I � j # Al * J *

q

Ilia

* lf �

REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR.

harbor for the landing of launches and

tugs towing piles was exca-

vated by the dredge Sandpiper, necessitating the

cubic yards of sand.

6-inch

water main

was laid

removal

from

58,650
Mar-

garita

Point

main

Coco

Solo

turnout

and

a 50,000-gallon

storage tank was erected for watering locomotives and for additional

protection.

The Coco Solo

yard

was filled

in to elevation

plus

and

the approach

tracks for the

trestle

were

raised

to elevation

plus

14.5.

Practically

of the

tracks

have

been

ballasted

main line of the Panama Railroad

for which

64,506 cubic yards of

were used in addition to

11,512

cubic yards of gravel ballast and.

522 cubic yards of crushed-rock ballast.
With the abolition of the Atlantic division on February

1, the west

breakwater work in

Colon Harbor and the operation of Porto

Bello

quarry

were

transferred

division

terminal

construction.

Armor rock was procured from Porto

Bello on the old crushed-rock

quarry level above the two lower levels referred to in the last annual

report.

On December

1, 1913, the working hours in the quarry were

reduced from 12 hours to 8 hours a day, and on April 30 the operation

of the quarry ceased.

During the year 207,654 cubic yards of armor

rock
cubic

were

yard.

produced

and

Auxiliary

shipped

excavation

a division

steam

cost

shovels

$4.01

amounted

302,893 cubic yards,

which were wasted on the shore dump.

In May,

1914,

quarry

was closed

down

in s

a manner

that

can

reopened if found necessary later in connection

with

the east

break-

water.
162,951

Of the

207,654 cubic yards of rock shipped from Porto Bello,

cubic yards were

placed

by three

derrick

barges

and

44,703

cubic yards were placed by three cranes at a division cost of $0.9673

cubic

yard.

Rock removed

dredges

extent

cubic yards was placed in the breakwater.
in May, 1914, at a division cost of $3,492,78

cubic yards of material, consisting

of 669

The work was completed
.27. It contains 1,945,733
4 cubic yards of dredged

rock, 819,930 cubic yards of Toro Point rock, and 456,549 cubic yards
of Porto Bello rock.

Work

on the

Naos

Island

Breakwater

was continued

throughout

the year.

With the closing

down

of dry

excavation in

Culebra

Cut

on October

10, a borrow pit was opened

the side of Sosa Hill

from

action

breakwater

had

been

concluded

that

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

breakwater was plus 18.5 and it was finished to its full

width.

The

average settlement during the last two

weeks of the year was 0.075

foot with the exception of one stretch about 600 feet in length which

settled at the rate of about one-half an inch per day.

During a por-

tion of the last

three months of the year there

was a settlement of

about 2 feet a day at
north of Naos Island,

the south

end

of the

breakwater immediately

whereas the settlement at the end

of the year

at this point amounted to only 3B inches per day.

During the fiscal

year 652,587

cubic yards were placed at an average division

cost of

$0.6088 per cubic yard.

Cristobal

coaling

plant.-Drilling

and

blasting

channel

material

vicinity

Cristobal

coaling

plant

was

started

dredging division in July, 1913,

and the removal of the material by

a pipe-line

dredged

suction

material

dredge

was

was

pumped

continued

ashore

through

where

most

me year.
needed.

The

Being

largely clean coral rock and sand, it has been used to bring the area

which

coal

will

be stored

in the dry,

measuring

about

feet

1,200 feet,

up to elevation plus 2.

Work was pushed

on the con-

struction

trestles

in setting

6-foot

caissons,

and

the construction

of the two concrete walls supported on

piles, about

700 feet in length,

that carry the tracks for the stocking and reclaim-

bridges.

end

year

trestle

construction

was

about

cent

completed.

The

caissons

steel

6 feet

diameter,
set, and
advance ,

and
6 of

by the end

these

any

were

of the
driven

excavation.

The

year 78
to rock

total

of the cylinders

with

a steam

amount

had

been

hammer

concrete

placed

was 3,123 cubic yards, at an average division cost of $5.4986 per cubic
yard.
A contract was entered into for furnishing the materials, necessary

machinery,

and

erection

in place

coal-handling

plants.

The coal-handling plants are designed for the storage of 485,000 tons

at Cristobal and

215,000 tons at Balboa.

Of the former, 100,000 tons

are to be wet stora

and in the latter case 50,000 tons.

Fuel-oil

four

plant.--A

fuel-oil

contract

storage

tanks

was entered

feet

into

on October

diameter

and

L, 1912,
feet in

height, each having a capacity of 40,000 barrels, to be completed at a

.-w~ a a-C 4. L a na a a 'I a a a 4. a ~3 a 4. tEa - . w 4. 17 a a a a 4. .n a a-

nflh& ~-t eon onn

REPORT

THE

GOVERNOR.

necessary will be used as oil docks, and the tank field will be located

between the east diversion and
are suitable locations for 40 or

Mount

50 tanks.

Hope
The

I
-I

Road

where there

pumping plant

be located immediately east of the Mount Hope filtration plant.

the Pacific terminal there will be a berth for oil vessels 75

by about

will
At

feet wide

2,000 feet long immediately adjoining the canal channel and

south
which

deck

of the old

will

French

pier.

be constructed

supported

6-foot

will be located on

lowe

There

once,

concrete
r level

will

consisting
cylinders.

I
.4

three oil

steel

The

of Balboa dump,

cribs, two of

and

pumping

concrete

plant

opposite the oil

cribs.
dump.

The tank field has been laid out on the higher level of Balboa

An area has been reserved for the accommodation of 33

lots

each 200 feet square.

the end

of the

fiscal

year there

been

expended

on the

fuel-oil

plant

Pacific

terminal

$50,289.33,

including the cost of dredging berth for ships,

for which there were

removed

60,776 cubic

yards,

a division

cost of $0.0983

cubic

yard

and on that at the Atlantic terminal $49,694.15.

and

walls

pier

consist

and

pter

-Work

was

Pacific

reinforced-concrete

continued

canal

deck

during

supported

on the

quay

rae year.
cylinders

walls
These

sunk

rock.

When

completed

total

length

of the quay

wall

or wharf

will be 2,662.65 feet,

averaging 60 feet wide.

Of this amount 648.78

feet were

ported

built for the
the previous

Panama
annual

Railroad

report.

as a lumber

The

remaining

dock,

as re-

portions

wharf extend

north

rock

portion

and

the north and south

is supported

filled

with

upon

concrete,

cylindrical
reinforced

of this lumber dock.

concrete caissons

with

steel

rails.

The
sunk
The

cylinders themselves are reinforced concrete

7 feet 6 inches in diam-

eter,

with 8-foot bottom section 5 feet in length.

Of the section north

lumber

dock,

8.42

feet

16 caissons

remained

sunk

during the year, most of the substructure having been completed dur-

previous

year.

There

caissons

in this

dock.

The

superstructure consists

with

vitrified-brick

of reinforced

surface.

The

girders,

work

was

beams,
begun

and
in

floor slab

July,

1913,

and was completed on February

1, 1914.

The paving brick were laid

on a sand cushion.

There were 75,683 square feet of brick laid on the

floor of this dock, and it was completed on April 1, 1914.

Quay

PANAMA

CANAL.

The wharf south of the lumber dock is 775.45 feet in length,

a return 290 feet long, and,

with

as the work had to be performed in water,

the reinforced-concrete caissons used in the other dock were not suit-

able.

The caissons

for this portion

of the

work

are steel

cylinders

6 feet

diameter,

in sections

5 feet

long.

order to

permit

construction of this portion of the wharf it was necessary to remove
the sand-unloading cranes formerly used by the Pacific division, and

the sand

operations were

transferred

Miraflores

locks.

A ladder

dredge

tudinally

and

cleared

through

a double

trestle

handling

was constructed

caissons.

longi-
The

excavation inside the cylinders was performed by orange-peel buckets

as much

as possible,

material

overlying

hard

rock

was

so firm

that

greater

part

of the

excavation

had

done

hand
year

, using Star well drills as hoisting engines.
23 caissons had been sunk to rock.

At the close of the

The

bulkhead

is 303

feet

quay

wall

long and

, extending

built on

between

wharf

and

concrete cylinders sunk to

Pier
rock

in a manner similar to that at the

wharf north

of the lumber dock.

Rock was encountered

very much higher than on the greater part of

other

quay

walls,

and

was

necessary

considerable

rock

excavation in the caissons to get them

well below

-45.

Excavation

was done by

orange-peel

buckets operated by

locomotive cranes,

removal

required

dock.

hand

They

rock

and

excavation.

were

sunk

cleaning onu
Sixty-five

bottom

piers

rock

were

end

caissons

required fo
? February,

this

1914.

The superstructure was placed similar to that of the other docks.

similar

bulkhead

, extending

from

Pier

Pier

was

begun during the year.

The construction

of Pier

, 1,000

feet

length

and

feet

wide

, proceeded in a manner similar to

that of the

wharf

construe-

tion

, both as regards excavating in the caissons and placing the super-

structure.

rock

being

excavation in

Most

material

encountered

order to secure

excavated

upper

end

a foundation

was

, which

for the

soft

alluvial

necessitated

cylinders.

mud,
hand
Dur-

ing the year

184 piers were sunk to rock.

The division cost of this dock work in detail to date is as follows:

* I -I' 11 .1 U . * 1 1 -I 1 .- ". 1

i E A

Tlml2E

REPORT

GOVERNOR.

square

feet of brick paving were

laid, at

a division

cost of $0.3120

per square

foot.

This dock

was completed

during the

year

an area of 77,403 square

feet and

total

division

cost was $421,-

200.57

, or $5.4417 per square foot.

At the quay wall south of the lumber dock,

tory to the construction of this dock, 25
were removed, at a division cost of $0.46

in dredging prepara-

720 cubic yards of material

9 per cubic yard;

669 cubic

yards were excavated for and in the piers, at a division cost of $2

per cubic yard; in filling the caissons,

1,487

cubic yards of

concrete

were

placed,

a division

cost

$9.3277

cubic

yard.

close of the fiscal year there have been expended in

the construction

of this dock $107,956.

the construction

of the

bulkhead

quay

wall

, extending between

the wharf and Pier

No. 1,

7.83

5 cubic yards

of material were excavated in and for the piers, at a division cost of

$2.4612

cubic

yard.

construction

caisson

shells

1,657

cubic yards of concrete were used,

at a division cost of $17.3458

cubic

yard

cylinders,

3,563

cubic

a division

yards

cost

concrete

.9657

were
cubic

placed
yard.

within
There

were 2,462 cubic yards of

concrete

placed in

the concrete

floor

at a

division
concrete

cost of $16.3920 per cubic yard, and

balustrade,

a division

cost

cubic

$33.7429

yards in

cubic

yard.

Behind the structure, 2,313 cubic yards of back fill

division cost of $2.1406 per cubic yard.

were placed, at a

The total amount expended

on this quay wall to the end of the fiscal year was $130

06.14.

In the construction of the pier, 31,666 cubic yards of material were

excavated for and in

the cylinders, at a division

cost of $2.9495 per

cubic

yard.

construction

caisson

shells,

10,773

cubic

yards of concrete

yard,

and

13,346

were
cubic

used

at a division

yards

concrete

cost of $12

were

used

.5772 per cubic

filling

caissons, at a division cost of $6.7139 per cubic yard.

In connection

with

division

floor system

cost

there

of $1.4920

were
cubic

excavated

yard;

cubic

,222

cubic

yards,

yards

con-

create were

laid in

floor

at a

division cost of $16.1

per cubic

yard,

and 939 cubic yards of back fill were placed, at a division cost

of $1.9287

per cubic yard.

To the end

of the fiscal

year there

were

expended in the construction of this pier $511,749.14.

The total

1 1

* 1

- a - - a - - n '. .-. .-~ , n.. - a -- n fl t~ fl tw ,~ n * rn * ~ r * ~ 1 rt 1 r% fl .5 a * , r~ n a.. r n .r

-

Ski

J 1

o*

THE

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

crushers.

since

which

Two

time

in reserve.

shovels

one shovel

July,

1913

were

kept

been
bank

work

operated
under t

until

and

May,
other

crusher

1914,
held

building

gave way and threatened to carry away the lower part of the crusher

building and conveyor.

steam shovels,

working day

ie material in
and night, a]

the slide was excavated by
nd about 40,000 cubic yards

were removed and hauled to Miraflores locks for back filling and to the

Balboa town site.

During this time the crushers were run 12 hours

a day

until

danger

from

slide

was

stopped.

The

large

crusher was relined once

, the main shaft changed twice, and the main

eccentric changed twice in order to be rebabbitted.

The

larger

output

from

quarry

is designated

as rock

and the smaller as rock

No. 2.

The demand for the latter size

was

greater than formerly

and

the crusher

had

be arranged

to crush

rock

smaller,

centage of No.

screens

being

(

2 rock was produced.

hanged
The t

so that

a greater

otal amount of

per-

crushed

rock produced during the year was 502,798 cubic yards at an average

cost

$0.8974

cubic

yard.

addition

thereto

49,156

cubic

yards of screenings were

struction

and

repair

produced,

roads

and

which

were

utilized in

manufacture

the con-
concrete

blocks for construction of buildings.
Sand service.-The handling of sand

from

Chame to

Balboa

was

performed
continued

dredging

under

unloading

dredging

cranes

Balbc

division,

division
)a were

and

until
closed

unloading

February
down, o

Balboa

, 1914,
wing

when

necessity

of moving them off the temporary dock on

which they had

been installed.

The unloading operations were transferred to Mira-

flores on April 28, and unloading was performed by one of the berm

cranes still remaining at that

point.

A locomotive crane was subse-

quently added, and both machines worked during May and June.

total

199,319

cubic

yards of

sand

was

received

and

unloaded at

an average cost of $0.8233 per cubic yard.

Panama

Railroad

freight

yards.-The

Panama

Railroad

freight

yards,

extending

practically

from

Diablo

completed at the end

Hill

foot

of the year.

Sosa

Hill,

The filling and

were
exca-

ovation for these were performed by the division of terminal construc-

.5 * . C -' Lu - -u

j w �

- a

U U I- U . S

-- A

- m

* *

REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR.

upon t
United

ability

States.

control

During

the
year

transportation

cost

water

coal

from

transportation

was $1.395

per ton.

The coal

is brought down

in foreign

bottoms.

The

conclusion

was

reached

early

in the consideration

coal

supply problem that advantages would result from the ownership by

The

Panama

Canal

or the

Panama

Railroad

colliers

bringing coal to

the Isthmus.

estimate

was therefore submitted

1912

that

would

permit

construction

by The

Panama

Canal

of two colliers
and would give

supply.

in accordance

with

latest

type of

The Panama Canal the desired control

The general plans were prepared by the Navy

naval

design

over its coal
Department,

and

bids

were

opened

their

construction

on February

1914.

On April 9,1914, a contract was entered into for the construction of the

two at $987,500 each.

Each collier is to have a coal-carrying capacity

of 12,000 tons and a speed of 14 knots per hour loaded to

full capac-

June

1914,

Secretary

War

decided

that

these

colliers when completed will be operated by the Panama Railroad Co.

The
tion,

company

has submitted

which amounts to 97

an estimate

cents a ton

of the

cost

of transporta-

Snot including depreciation

interest on the capital invested.

Tugs.-As stated

in the

previous

annual

report,

an estimate

was

included for the fiscal year 1913 for the purchase of four harbor tugs

suitable design

using

December,

canal
1913,

and
The

and

sufficient

plans

bids

power to

and

were

handle

specifications

invited

largest

were

a circular

vessel

approved
through

Washington office on January 6,

1914.

When the bids were received

it was decided to reduce the number from four to two, and the con-

tract was awarded and entered into on May 8,

Floating cranes.-A contract was entered

1914.

into on April 21,1913,

two

floating cranes of the

revolving type,

and

250 tons capacity

each, at a cost of approximately $837,500,

to be delivered and

corn-

pleted on the Isthmus within 580 days, or by December 2,1914.

These

crane
The

have

work

beei
has

1

given

progressed

names Ajax
satisfactorily,

and t
and

tercuh
the

respectively

pontoons

were

brought from Germany and arrived on the Isthmus in July.

Balboa

town

site.-Planning

permanent

town

Balboa,

together with the streets,

water and sewer systems,

was placed under

a -. S . - - * a . - -e

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

terminals; an area of 72j acres on the southwesterly slope of Ancon

Hill

which

been

named

"Balboa

Heights."

Employees

ing in the Administration Building will be housed in this area.

work-
The

third area, of about 55 acres, is on the low

ground

between the two

areas above mentioned, on which will be located buildings of a public

or semipublic

character,

as well

as quarters.

Construction

work

was started the latter part of August, and the progress has been gov-

earned to a considerable extent by the existing structures and

tracks.

Sewers
amount

and

struction

water

grading
' roads

systems

and

have

planting

asphaltic

been

work

concrete

installed

and

completed.

was

adopted

a considerable

For

as being

con-
more

economical.

The total amount expended on the work was $409,116.35.

Radio station'--In addition to the foregoing work, the building of

Darien

radio station

was

placed

in charge

of this division and

$74,756.88 were expended

during the year on its construction.

For further particulars, attention is invited to Appendix B.

SUPPLY DEPARTMENT.

The supply
combining th

department was organized, effective April 1, 1914,

quartermaster

and

subsistence

departments

the old organization, and was placed in charge of Capt. R. E.

under
Wood,

United

States

Army

as chief

quartermaster.

The

department

charge oj
buildings

fuel,
hotels

recruitment

labor

construction

and

repair

care, furnishing, and assignment of quarters; distributing

commissary

supplies,

and

distilled

water;

operation

, messes, and kitchens; requisitioning for supplies of all kinds,

together with the receipt and distribution of them on arrival; the cut-
I
ting of grass and disposal of night soil and garbage, as prescribed by
the health department.

During

than

that

year the

any

other

work

on the

department

Isthmus,

was

more

reason

arduous
frequent

changes in
construction

organization

new

due

building

consolidation
elimination <

' the
old

work,
towns

the
and

their transfer to new localities, and too much credit can not be given
to those who have had charge of the work.

The force employed on the canal

dropped steadily throughout the

1 r~tt flP'~'fl fla 4 fl4 .4 I An fl-a

REPORT

OF? THE

GOVERNOR.

in the

The shop

building

forces

force
made

construction

two transfers,

one

from

quarters,
Gorgona

offices,

Empire

and then from Empire to Balboa.

The dredging forces were shifted

from

the terminals at

Balboa and

Cristobal

Paraiso.

The trans-

portation
Balboa.

men

These

were

transferred

changes

were

from

made

Las

Cascada

necessary

and

Empire

waters

lake drowning out Gorgona

where the shops were

formerly

located

by the concentration of the dredging fleet in Culebra Cut, and by the
abandonment of Las Cascadas so that it might be all available for the

military.

At the close of the

fiscal

year there

was a total

17.938

men

, women,

and

children

canal

quarters,

as compared

with

23,184 men,

women

and

children

the close of the

previous fiscal

year

The greatest percentage of decrease

was among the American

and European employees.

A new town

La Boca

was erected

on the

Balboa dumps south of

Sosa

Hill

for the silver employees

that

will

eventually

required

for the permanent organization.

Houses which had to be abandoned

or moved

were

transferred and reerected at La Boca and

converted

into family quarters, and these apartments were rented.

ment has been a success and has accomplished

has afforded the families

The experi-

three good results

of silver employees comfortable houses at a

rental

city

of fully

of Panama

building

50 per cent less

it has enabled

which otherwise

little or nothing

and

than

they

would

the canal

would have

had

has enabled

have to

good

be abandoned

the canal

pay min the
advantage

or sold
a rea-

derive

sonable

return

from Gorgona,

from

Bas Obispo,

investment.
Las Cascada

Fifty-two

Diablo

buildings,

, Empire,

taken

Culebra

Porto Bello, Gatun,

Pedro Miguel, and Ancon Hospital,

were moved

and reerected at La Boca at a cost of $110,045.50, or an average cost

apartment

$266;

resulting

structures

accommodate

families.

The cost varied from $111

to $5

0 per apartment and the

rents

range

from

month.

Range

closets,

cook

sheds,

washhouses,

and

bathhouses

bachelor

and

married

employees

were erected at La

ment

Boca at a cost of $15,509.16.

Boca, silver

were thoroughly

quarters

overhauled

and

Paraiso,

repaired

and

Besides the settle-

Cristobal,

and

then rented.

Gatun
At the

close of the

year

houses,

with

736 apartments and

rooms,

were

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

izing $7,453.76, practically all French buildings.

The raising of the

lak
at

e

necessitated

Gorgona

and

removal,

Matachin

and

demolition, and

most

sale

buildings

buildings

in the

labor

camps

Chagres and Miraflores,

and

slides

caused

the demolition

and removal of some of the buildings at Culebra.

Of the 175 build-

ings taken

down,

have

been reerected and 22

were

in course of

erection on June 30.

The total cost of this work has been $308,310.63.

While experience has shown that buildings can be moved faster and
more economically when no alterations are made in the type, in view

of the fact that the buildings being reerected at Ancon

will

be used

for the

permanent

force,

was

concluded

that

some

alterations

should be made so as to afford greater comfort.

Work in connection

with
Navy

the erection

was

done

of buildings

supply

for the

Darien

department.

radio

The

station

total

amount

pended for this work wa
structed consisted of the

$53,314.72.

The permanent buildings con-

Hydroelectric station at

Gatun, the substa-

tions

Gatun,

Cristobal,

Miraflores,

and

Balboa

commissary

warehouse at Cristobal

Sthe Administration Building at Balboa, per
, the Administration Building at Balboa, per-

manent

family

quarters

concrete

blocks

four-family

and

two-family),the shops office building, commissary building at Balboa,

and the commissary building at Ancon.

The total amount expended

these

buildings,

exclusive

those

commissary,

close of the fiscal year aggregated $1,943,430.05.

The

policy

was

continued

limiting

stock

material

and

supplies as much as possible,

which necessitated

the placing of fre

quent orders for small amounts of material, increasing the

work of

the storekeepers and

United States

requisition

division and

difficulties

purchasing

office

Washington.

The

value

material received

during the year was $11,116,395.10; the local

pur

chases amounted to $2,293,144.66.

Of the local purchases, coal aggre-

gated

$929,176.57

McClintic-Marshall

, $863,206.66;

and

Construction

e purchase
, $40,000.

of tools from

There

was

decrease of 130,000 tons of

cement

but a

very

large increase in

amount

lumber

purchased.

Changed

conditions

work

necessitated the closing down of storehouses at various localities and

the concentration of material at the terminals.

The Gorgona store-

hou mc

was closed

on Annust

1.12

Miraflores

ots rehouse

. . .... ...

I,

REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR.

963.28, as compared with $10,580,623 during the previous year.

value

stock

hand

Balboa

June

, 1914,

The
was

$1,098,143.49.

Scrap
sisted o

operations

were

collection,

continued

storage,

throughout

classification

and

year,
sale

and

con-

scrap.

Altogether a total

of 30,000 tons of rail and scrap

were

handled at

the scrap yard at Mount Hope.

Exclusive of the contract

with the

Chicago House

Wrecking Co.,

under which practically no shipments

were

made

during the

year, approximately $80,000

worth

scrap

was sold.

There is in addition scrap on hand at Mount Hope valued

at about $300,000 based

on present market prices.

The expenses of

scrap operations proper amounted

to approximately $25,000 for the

year.

Unloaders, steam shovels,

locomotives, spreaders, pile drivers,

and track shifters no

longer needed for the work were prepared for

storage, at a total cost of $14,222.84

this expenditure was necessary

in order to secure the highest possible prices for the material.

On June 30
Hotel Aspinw

,1914, the department was operating the Hotel Tivoli,

all

12 line hotels, and 10 laborers'

messes, a decrease of

4 hotels

and

messes

from

last

year.

The

hotels

Porto

Bello,

Gorgona,

were

closed.

Aspinwall
No. 6. Bas

were

closed

converted

Dump

mess

Taboga

Obispo,
and th

into

Bas

Obispo,

Ancon

Island

Culebra,
; common

a laborers'

were

Las
gold

opened.

Gorgona,
laborers'

mess.

The

Cascadas,
employees

The

Miraflores

kitchen

gross

and
and

messes

and

Naos

revenue

Miraflores

Hotel
Dump
Bello

was
line

Porto

Island

from

hotels, restaurants, and messes was $1,032,189.51, a decrease of $202,

888.33 from last year,

856.92

decrease

hotels was

diately

a decrease

$18,944.49.

31,91
July

after

while the total

83,942.84,

The

total

a decrease

1913

cost of

making
number
208.732

European

operations wa
he profit $10,

meals

from

last

laborers'

served

year.

messes

s $1,021,

m line
Imme-

and

common laborers' kitchens were combined and called laborers'

messes.

The total number of rations served in these messes was 950,994, the

total number

of rations served

both messes and

kitchens during

the previous year being 1,396,972.

wages was $133,63

The net expense for salaries and

.81, as compared with $166,398.65 for the previous

year.

As the result of the year'

operations the line hotels and res-

w

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

work,

erred, and

hauling

material

the collection

new

garbage

buildings

in the city

and

those

Panama,

trans-
which

was transferred

to the health

department during the

year, all

Gov

eminent animals were worked

to the limit.

This overwork and the

fact that all mules except those purchased during the past 15 months

have averaged

over seven

years'

service on

Isthmus

resulted in

the death of 50 animals

, a considerably heavier loss than during the

previous year.
For further details, attention is invited to Appendix F.
COST KEEPING.

No change

was made in the methods of

cost keeping adopted

construction

divisions

in January,

1910.

addition

those

reported

last

year,

cost

accounts

were

initiated

Cristobal

coaling

struction

plant,

of the

ie gravel-reclaiming
permanent concrete

plant at
buildings,

Balboa

and

con-

the accounts for the

latter being an

elaboration

of the system formerly

used.

The costs

are made up of the labor engaged in and the lhaterial applied to the

work, an arbitrary to absorb the cost of the plant, and a

portion

of the division

Canal

overhead

prorated

charges.
different

The general

parts

proper pro-
expenses of

work

and

must
costs.

be added

the division

engineers

cost

in order to determine the

necessarily

have

control

total

over

items which make

these

general

expenses,

the costs reported are

division

cost

except

when

noted

contrary

The

cost-

keeping accountant reports directly to the Governor.

In addition to

the duties enumerated in the last annual report, the cost accounting

for the

work under

jurisdiction

former

central

division

and that for the quartermaster'

department was transferred to this

office on October

division.

1, 1913, and

He has been

on June 1

engaged in

, 1914, that of the electrical

preparing permanent accounting

systems for the operation and maintenance of the canal since April
1, and to the close of the year most of this work had been completed

with the exception of minor detailed accounts,

as the necessity develops.

which will be initiated

At the close of the last fiscal year the pay

roll of the office

was about $3,000 per month, and

there

were trans-

ferred

with

the accounts of the

former central

division

and

�N U A I U U U - a

ma

REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR.

Comparative costs are not given this year for all the units of con-
struction, as conditions due to the completion of the work make such

comparisons valueless as far as a large

struction is concerned.

portion

At the Ancon rock

of the units of

quarry there

con-

was a de-

crease of

185,503 cubic yards in

the quantity

duced'and an increase of $0.1179 per cubic yard,
operation of and repairs to the crushers.

crushed stone pro-
principally in the

The quantity of sand dredged from Chame Point decreased 246,339

cubic yards and the cost increased $0.1154 per cubic yard,
in the expense of dredging and towing to Balboa.

principally

The cost of the large rock in

place in the Colon

west breakwater

increased $0.4480 per cubic yard as compared

with last year, due to

increase in
decreased

the charge
quantity of

for
rock

plant a
placed

arbitrary,

made

necessary

breakwater

as compared

with the estimate.
There was an increase of $0.3154 per cubic yard in the cost of rock
placed in the Naos Island Breakwater, due to charging this account
with the expense of quarrying and transporting rock from Sosa Hill
and of transporting the rock secured from the excavation in the area
of the dry dock at Balboa.

To the end of the fiscal

year there had

been expended $440,483.46

construction

terminal

facilities

Cristobal

which

$390,789.31 w!
storage plant.
expended $6,6

as for the coaling plant and $49,694.15

for the fuel-oil

For the terminal facilities at Balboa there had

65,446.24, of which $1,108,773.31

been

were for surveys and

in the
harbor

preparation of
; $504,320.59 in

$592,971.66

the construction

in dredging

of the main

inner

dock; $78,

312.02 in the construction of the small dry dock, known as Dry

$287,269.17

in the

construction

coaling

plant;

Dock
$386,-

004.07

in excavating the entrance basin

$126.85

the construction

of the sea

wall

$2,444,462.23

in the construction

of the

permanent

shops, storehouses, and roundhouse

of the docks; and $50

12,917.01 min the construction

89.33 in the construction of the fuel-oil plant

and in dredging a berth for the oil ships.

expended

preparation
$132,539.23

of the

permanent

for the town

town

sites

there

have

been

for that

Balboa

and

$112,349.2

that

Pedro

Miguel,

a total

of La Boca, $409,116.35

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

dating the

time and

cost keeping

forces

the executive

office,

expense

having previously been borne by the construction divisions.

The remainder is principally

due to

heavy

charges for repatriation

of employees leaving the service or discharged for reduction of force,

and to the expense of moving the storehouses

at Gorgona and Empire.

For further details, attention is invited to Appendix I-2.
ACCOUNTING DEPARTMENT.

The

accounting

department

was

organized

on April

, 1914,

accordance

with

provisions of the

Executive order putting into

effect the new organization, and consists of the auditor, Mr. H. A. A.

Smith,

who has supervision of the entire department and is in direct

charge of the auditing and accounting work; Mr. John H. McLean

is in direct

charge

disbursements

and

Mr.

Clear

collections.
An attempt was made to revise the system of accounting that has

been in effect during the construction

period so as to make it appli-

cable

operation

of the canal

. While

the canal

is primarily

for the purpose of passing ships, under authority of law provision is

made

for supplying vessel

with

fuel

, general supplies of all kinds,

including subsistence,

for repairs,

and various other facilities, so that

the system must be sufficiently elastic to take care of the various enter-

prises, and for the determination

of net profits as nearly as may be

done,

which,

under

law, must revert to

Treasury.

The

distance of the Treasury

Department was sought and two committees

visited

Isthmus,

result

which

was

approval

cer-

tain forms for use in connection with the rendition of public accounts.
A new classification of accounts has been established beginning with

the fiscal

year

1915.

Under the agreement with the Republic of Panama,

which requires

reimbursement

United

States

expenditures

curred in

connection

with

the construction, maintenance,

and

opera-

tion of waterworks, sewers, and pavements within the cities of Colon

and

Panama,

expenditures

June

, 1914,

city

Panama

were $1,761

,328

.49 and in the city of Colon $1,659,640.20, a

total

of $3,420,968.69, including accrued interest to date

the rate

of 2 per cent per annum on the capital cost balances and on

the pro-

REPORT OF THE GOVERNOR.

the sum of $2,888,437.50 was collected on the pay rolls for commis-
sary books issued to canal employees.
The periodical examination of the accounts of the 225 officers and
employees having the collection, custody, and disbursement of money
was made during the year.
The total disbursements on the Isthmus on account of salaries and

wages of emi
$27,749.135.69.

)loyees and

on account of

Disbursements

other

United

items
States

amounted
amounted

$14,614,403.71, or a total of $42,363,539.40.
The total collections during the year amounted to $8,106,469.42,
of which $4,718,024.30 were repaid to appropriations, $379,365.02 de-
posited as miscellaneous receipts, and $2,963,148.96 collected on ac-

count of Panama Railroad commissary.
collected for the account of the railroad

The balance, $27,931.14, was
, bonding company, and other

contractors.
The inspection of time books and the work of timekeepers in the
field was continued.
The property accounting was transferred to this department on

January

1, 1914, and for the six months that it had charge records

were maintained of purchases and sales of the quartermaster's stores,

and material and supplies were

received

a total

value of $7,

887,431.66, of which $4,840,245.92 were for stock and $3,047,185.74
were for material, supplies, and equipment delivered direct to the

construction

divisions.

During this period

the issues from store-

houses

amounted

$5,423,585.41,

and

amount

received

from

direct sales to outside interests totaled $142,377.56.
The separate business of the Canal Zone has reduced materially

during the year.

The amount of revenue derived from rentals, taxa-

tion, etc., decreased from $212,266.83 in 1913 to $168,076.64 in 1914.
The audited expenditures during the year amounted to $261,064.17.
In the operation of the post offices there was a decrease in the num-
ber of orders issued from 238,316 in 1913 to 198,009 in 1914.
The canal clubhouses received a total revenue of $132,624.05 and

expended $133,086.95.

The balance on June 30, 1914, in clubhouse

funds amounted to $26,513.96, with outstanding obligations of $10,-
534.53.
The provisions of the injury compensation act of May 30, 1908,

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

on account of long-continuing
of death claims.

periods

disability

nor

on account

' Congress has appropriated a total of $374,048,194.59 for the canal,

including

appropriation

continued

sundry

civil

proved August 1, 1914.

Of this amount $12,050,

5 were for fortifi-

cations

persons,

and

$22,508.01

so that

there

were
were

appropriated ft
$361,974,861.58,

relief

including

private
amount

covered by the sundry civil act of August 1, 1914, appropriated for
the construction of the canal and its adjuncts. Except for the por-

tion

used

in maintaining

and

operating

canal,

which

$161,-

608.52

were

charged,

and

$2,000,000

appropriated

colliers,

amount chargeable against the total authorized bond issue of $375,

200,900
collected

$359,813,253.06

and

returned

June

Treasury

1914

$6,254,203.37

as miscellaneous

were

receipts,

so that the cost of the canal, including the appropriation of August 1,
1914, stands at $353,559,049.69.

For

further details,

attention

is invited

Appendix

EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT.

The executive

civil

department

administration.

Prior

is an outgrowth of ti
to the reorganization

department

on April

1 the

department

civil

administration

was

under

supervision

Mr. Richard L. Metcalfe,

who was appointed a member of the Isth-

mian Canal Commission on August 9,

1913

, succeeding Commissioner

M.H.

Thatcher.

He arrived on the Isthmus on August 7, 1913, and

was assigned

ment

became

to charge of the department on

effective.

Since

the date

reorganization

Mr.

his appoint-
Metcalfe has

been a member of the committee for the formal and

official opening

of The

1914.

Panama

The

Canal

department

created

embraces

Executive

general

order
office

dated

May

business

Governor, the work under the supervision of the executive secretary

as already outlined, the courts,

and the offices of the special attorney,

the district attorney, and the Canal Record.
C. A. McIlvaine, acting under the Governor.

It is in

charge of Mr.

Customs service.-During the year

280 vessels entered the port of

Balboa,

a total

tonnage of

569,681

and 277

vessels cleared, of

REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR.

year, 323 were settled with the consular representatives in Panama of

countries

estates
persons

were
who

which

settled

had

direct

recovered

deceased

with

their

were
heirs,

sanity,

citizens
2 estates

and

or subjects,

were

estate

was

repaid

divided

rata

among

claimants.

The

total

amount

involved

was

$36,025.95.
Division

posts.-At

offices in operation,

close

year

there

were

post

6 of the 17 offices in existence at the close of the fis-

cal year 1913 having been discontinued,

while 2 new offices were estab-

lished.

The sale of postage stamps and

postal

cards, including the

revenue derived from the sale of stamp books, amounted to $90,590.63,

as compared with $100,485.54 for the previous fiscal year,

were collected for second-class

and $463.67

mail matter, as compared with $318.84

for t
were
pared

preceding

issued

with

year.

fees from
preceding

Money
Which

year

orders am
amounted

there

was

c

hunting to
to $19,048.:

a decrease

$4,029,364.83
11. As com-
e $854,259.30

in the
There

amount,

were

5.113

and

decrease

postal

savings

$3,93

account

in the

opened

fees

during

collected.

year,

2,180 of
$498,481.
nations

which
The

and

were
2.180

active

depositors

dependencies.

The

close

include
total

with

deposits

citizens

amount

aggregating

or subjects
deposits f

year
year.

was

$1,708,530,

addition

as compared

to the

postal

with

$1,601,616

savings accounts

previous

there

were on

posit at the close of the year $70,750.41 in the

form of money

orders

issued and drawn on Canal Zone post offices payable to the remitter.
This amount belongs almost exclusively to employees of The Panama
Canal and the Panama Railroad Co.

Division of schools.-The

schools opened on

October

1, 1913,

with

an enrollment

in that

month

2.167

children

, 1,109

white

schools

and

1,058

in the

colored

schools,

as compared

with

during the month of October,

1912.

The total enrollment during the

year was

1,270 in

the white schools and 1,492 in

the colored schools.

No new school buildings were constructed during the

year, although

one building was removed and reerected and several rooms added to

existing

and

Toro

building

Point

and

addition
colored

white

schools

schools

Gorgona

Gorgona
Matachin

reported

closed in

the report

for the

year

ended

June 30,

1913

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

ended

June

1913.

During

year

medical

inspection

white schools was continued, fire drills were inaugurated during the

year,

and

schools.

hand

chemical

public-school

extinguishers

athletic

league

were
was

installed
formed i

white

schools, and an annual meet of the league was held on June 12, 1914,

in the

canal

clubhouses

Balboa

, Corozal,

Empire,

Gatun,

and

Cristobal.

There were 198 participants.

Police

and

vision.-The division

police

and

prisons and

the division

under the
assistant

of fire

designation

chief

protection

were consolidated

"police and

police,

chief,

division."

and

on April

The

assistant

1914,

positions of

chief

were

abolished and

the position

of fire inspector created.

The station at

Gorgona

and

substation

Matachin

were

closed

on July

1913

and

these

towns

were

designated

as call

stations

with

police

protection

furnished

from

Bas Obispo station.

August

1913

, the call station at Matachin was abolished, and on December 15,

1913, the station at Bas Obispo was abolished.

call

station

Cucaracha

was

abolished.

On July 18
September

1913, the

1913,

the station at Miraflores was abolished

on December 15

the station at Las Cascadas

,1913, the necessary police protection being furnished

from the Empire station.

The Mount Hope station was abolished on

April 1
station
during
females

There
4,713

1914

Porto

station

Bello

year totaled

, as compared with

were
were

5,021

charges

on May

4,911

6,827
made

misdemeanors

Paraiso

on the

1914.

which

The

4,455

same

date,

number

were

males

and

arrests

and

arrests for the previous fiscal

against

and

persons

arrested,

felonies.

year.

which

total

number

persons

arrested

3,927

were

convicted.

There

were

convicts confined in
with 133 on June 30

the penitentiary

1913.

on June 30, 1914, as compared

All of the convicts,

with the exception of

a sufficient detail

to do the necessary work at the penitentiary,

were

employed

Road

continuously

The

value of th

on the
e labor

construction
performed,

Gamboa-Empire

on the

basis of

10 cents

an hour for each

convict

, was $21,615.45, and

the cost of their sub-

sistence

, guarding, and clothing amounted to $26,893.04.

The opera-

tion and supervision of the public markets of the Canal Zone and the

fld nicatPrhAm11ps

fly rnfl

+1 irnnA

oenra

nlim na

Ad t* io

... . .....

UtJK~~ft � Xl U�

vitceffe e

REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR.

was closed

sired 1
them.
Porto
tively.

on April

military

30, 1914, and

authorities at

the apparatu

that

point

and

were

equipment de-
transferred to

The fire equipment was withdrawn from the Bas Obispo and

Bello

stations on

new

August

1913

stations were constructed

and

May

during the

, 1914,

respec-

year, nor

was

any

new

apparatus

purchased.

The

pump

and

turret

nozzle,

which were removed from the tug Bolivar during the preceding year,

were

installed

on Clapet

in August,

1913

provide

water

front and harbor fire protection at Balboa.

Fire protection

was

pro-

vided for the new

laying

a 6-inch

piers,

Nos.

water main

8 and

on the

9, at
piers,

Cristobal,

with

which

an ample

required

supply

mains and standpipes.

During the year

215 alarms were responded

to, 8 of which

property

were

of The

false

Panama

of the 207

Canal

actual

in Panama

98 occurred

Railroad

in the

property,

27 in private
Canal Zone.
of Colon, 1 i

property,
Of the fire

the city

and 68 in grass, rubbish, dumps, etc., on

s in

private property

of Panama

11 occurred in the city

at old Porto

Bello, in

public of Panama, and 14 in

the Canal Zone.

The largest fire in the

Canal Zone occurred

untreated

on January 3,

piling stored about

1914, min a

t

three-quarters of

pile of
a mile

creosoted
south ol

and

Ethe

shops at Balboa

where it was impossible to drive the

fire apparatus.

The

automobile

engine

was

loaded

on a railroad

and

hauled

to the scene.

The

total loss to

The Panama

Canal

resulting

from fire was $14,551.71.

Courts.-The

Supreme

Court

of the

Canal

Zone

held

sessions

and

disposed

29 cases-3 criminal,

civil

and

habeas corpus

case-and ceased to exist on June

30, 1914.

The Circuit Court of the

Third Judicial

its last criminal session on March

26, 1914.

Circuit at Cristobal held
At Ancon the last regu-

lar session of the Circuit Court of the First Judicial Circuit was held

on March

1914;

and

Empire

last

regular

session

Circuit Court of the Second Judicial

Circuit was held on March 31

1914.
mally

While
ordered

further

over to

business relating

new

district court

these

courts

on April

was

, they

con-

tinued to act on civil cases until May

1, pending the confirmation of

the appointment of tri
duirina the neriod Junlv

new

1913

district

. to May 1

judge.

circuit

courts

. 1914. there were 395 crimi-

-. k

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

the court.
amounted

The circuit courts held

$6,327.57.

The

district

sessions,

courts

and

were

collections

discontinued

April

1914.

During

period

July

there were 4,183 cases settled, 3,656 of which

rest civil.

There were pending on July 1, 1913.

1913

April

, 1914,

were criminal, and the
,35 civil and 3 criminal

cases, and there was pending on April 1,
1 civil case.

1914, when the court

closed

April

, 1914,

courts

Canal

Zone

ceased

pursuant to the provisions of the Executive order of March 12,

issued un
24, 1912,

der authority of the Panama Canal act
with the exception of the supreme court,

approved

which

exist,
1914,

August

went out of

existence on June 30, 1914.

The judiciary created by the act of Con-

gress above cited

courts.

The

dist

consists of
ict court

one district court

consist

two

and

division

two magistrates'
s, known as the

Balboa division and the Cristobal division.

The former includes all

that part of the Canal Zone which lies within the lines of the 10-mile
zone and extends from the south bank of the Chagres River and the

shore line of Gatun Lake, 87

feet above mean sea level

to the Pacific

Ocean.

The latter

includes all

of the

territory

within

lines

the 10-mile zone extending from the Balboa division to the Atlantic

Ocean and

area

Gatun Lake

beyond

lines of the

10-mile

zone up to the contour line of 100 feet above mean sea level and the

islands and

been

taken

peninsulas in and bordering on

by the

United

States

Gatun Lake

purposes of T

which have
he Panama

Canal.

There is a magistrate'

tobal and Balboa

court for each

of the towns of Cris-

, the jurisdiction of each covering that division,

into

which

the Canal Zone is divided as described for the district court,

in which the town is located.
The district court has original

jurisdiction

of all felony

cases, all

causes in

equity

and admiralty, all

cases at law involving principal

sums

exceeding

magistrates'

$300

courts.

and
The

all appeals
jurisdiction

from

judgments

in admiralty

rendered

district

court is the same as that exercised by the United States district courts

and the procedure and practice are also the same.

of Appeals of the Fifth Circuit of the

The Circuit Court

United States has jurisdiction

review, revise, modify, reverse, or affirm the final

*1 At ii 1 � i L . t ill- _ <-.1-.t A--1 I'-7^r_^ .,-,

judgments and

nfl a ; t~ ,.~ ~ -1

A m

REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR.

and all violations of police regulations and ordinances and all actions
involving possession or title to personal property or the forcible entry

and

detainer of real

investigations

estate.

in charges of

The magistrates

felony,

and

also

commit

hold
or bail

preliminary
in bailable

cases to the district court.

district

court

under

new

judicial

system,

during

months of May
probate, and 77

and

June,

criminal.

1914, 206 cases were settled-9 civil

In the magistrates'

courts a total

of 1

cases were settled

, leaving 18 cases pending on July

1914.

Negotiations carried

on with the officials of the Republic of Pan-

ama included

following subjects

The enforcement of the quar-

antine regulations

the establishment of rates for the transportation

of passengers

automobile

between

point

in the

Canal

Zone and

points in

tary

the cities of Panama and

rules and regulations

Colon

the enforcement of sani-

use of revenue stamps on

bills sub-

mitted

Isthmian

Canal

Commission

and

Panama

Rail

road

Co. against the Government of Panama

street'cleaning and garbage removal in

interments
*

made

in the

who resided in the Republic

Canal

the city

Zone

the new

contract

of Panama

remains

charge
persons

water supply for the village of Taboga

certification

Panaman

consuls of manifests of ships clearing for

ports <(
islands

Canal

and

Gatun Lake

Zone

peninsulas
the sale in

jurisdiction

in the

Republic

the Republic of

United

formed

dynamite stolen

States

over

waters

from

The

Panama Canal

the collection of burial fees for interment

Zone cemeteries of indigent

from the Republic

in Canal

the assessment of a

commercial tax by the Republic on steamers of the Panama Railroad

Steamship Co.

Panama

improvements in the Chorrillo district of the city

misuse of transportation issued to employees of the Repub-

modification

existing

arrangement

purchase

postage stamps used in the Canal Zone; the sale of the old Adminis-

tration Building in the city of Panama

water supply for the section

of Panama

known as "El Hatillo"

cooperation

of Panama

health

officers with those of the Zone in an effort to prevent the introduction

plague

into

Panama

from

infected

ports

on the

west

coast

South America

enforcement of the exclusion law in the Canal Zone;

Canal

Zone

post

offices

United

States

postage-due

THE

tion in

PANAMA

CANAL.

the Republic of military trails at the expense of the

United

States; the segregation of stables in the city of Panama

within cer-

defined

areas

desirability

having

Panaman

Gov-

eminent cancel the licenses for five saloons near the Zone boundary

line in

Folks

River district;

the granting of

commissary privi-

leges to certain persons not connected with The Panama Canal or the

Panama

Panama

Railroad

Co.;

charged

with

deportation
fraudulently

an American in

representing

himself

the city

as an

attorney

tion

licensed

criminal

practice in

characters

the Canal Zone courts

from

Canal

Zone;

the deporta-
violation of

quarantine

regulations;

securing

statistics

concerning

health conditions in the interior towns of the Republic; the promul

gation

Panama

a resolution

with

reference

manifests

vessels arriving at ports of the Canal Zone with cargo for consignees

in the
stamps
stamps

Republic

Panama;

Republic

being

used

Canal

substitution

surcharged

Zone

properly

United

post offices;

States

installation

surcharged
postage-due

and

cost

of municipal improvements in the area in the city

of Colon set 'aside

for the erection of manufacturing plants; protection of the revenues

Panama

in connection

with

parcel-post

entries

into

Canal

Zone

and

admission

Ancon

Hospital,

as pay

patients,

Americans residing in

Republic of Panama

who,

on account of

the character of their employment, are not entitled to hospital privi-

leges.

The relations with the Republic of Panama and

with foreign

representatives continued satisfactory.

Time keeping.-During the fiscal

year the time-keeping work was

gradually
partments

centralized,

and

until

divisions,

at its

with

close

time

exception

keeping of
the Panama

Rail-

road Co.

, was being done by the time-keepin

bureau.

This work in-

eluded the entering of time on the time rolls, the preparation of pay

rolls and pay receipts, the issuing of

coupon books, and the keeping

of proper statistics and records of the work performed.

Clubs and

exist from July

tion,
were

it became
conducted

playgrounds.-The division

1913

hie bureau
under the

March 31, 1914,

>f clubs and
supervision

pla

clubhouses continued to
when, in the reorganiza-
ygrounds. Its activities

secretaries

furnished

tNt a

A S .5

F-.

n

.4 . -

, ,, k a.A s . *ir 1� . --- ..� t. a_ __S ___- a *__ *.-_- -- m* n- - � 1 ........--. I--_ n *

tainm

"Yr'

' m" q

REPORT

OF THE

GOVERNOR.

Canal Record.-The Canal Record was continued
tion of the secretary of the commission, Mr. Joseph

under the direc-
Bucklin Bishop,

until

April

, 1914,

when

was

designated special

secretary

and

continued in charge until July

, when he resigned from the service.

The Canal Record

was on

this date transferred

to the charge of the

executive secretary.
For further particulars attention is invited

Appendix

I-1.

Law.-The

Feuille

until

department continued

April

when

in charge

reorganization

Judge

t

in conformity

Frank
with

section 4 of the Panama Canal act of August 24, 1912,

became effec-

tive.

Since April 1,

and under authority of the act of April 6, 1914,

Judge

Feuille

codifying

of the
sition

was continued

laws

United States

of lands

as special

Canal

before

Zone

joint land

in private ownership

which

attorney
and to

for the
defend t

commission in

being taken

purpose of
te interests
the acqui-

over

accordance with

the Executive order of December

1912.

number

Executive

orders

a legislative

character

were

issued during the year

the more important of which were the orders

prohibiting flights over the Isthmus by machines; providing punish-

ment
legal

deported

rates

persons

interest

returning

prohibiting

Canal

gifts

Zone

or gratuities

fixing

agents,

employees,

or servants

providing

punishment

for persons engaged

in the practice of hunting deer or other animals at night by the

lanterns

or torches

to establish

permanent

organization

the Canal Zone; and the order conferring power upon

the Governor

of the

Panama

Canal

Zone

remit

fines

and

forfeitures,

grant

pardons, reprieves, and commutations of sentences,
system of paroling prisoners.

and to establish a

The

joint

land

commission

, appointed

under

The

Panama

Canal

treaty

between

United

State

and

Republic of Panama,

was

in session

during the

fiscal

year from July

1 until about the middle

of September,

when one of the American commissioners resigned,

resignation

being

followed

that of the other

American

commis-

sioner not

long thereafter.

The land

commission

as then

organized

heard and disposed of 1,253 claims.

Of these 602 were dismissed and

awards

made

in 629

cases.

The

commission

disagreed

in 22

cases.

During the same period the law department settled 752 claims, aggre-

~+;~ +h0 ohm S ~&tQ E~~Q

nil-hniif fun ;nfarirnnf;nn ~j! +b~ t-A-a ~

THE

PANAMA

OANAL.

Samuel Lewis,

who served

on the

previous commission, and Messrs.

Levi Monroe

Kagy

and

David

Marks,

two

American members.

The work of the commission

was interrupted soon

thereafter by the

death of Commissioner Marks

July

, which occurred at Ancon Hospital on

1914.

All leases for

lots in

the Culebra and

Empire districts, including

the villages of Empire, New

Empire,

Camacho,

Golden

Green

New

Culebra, Cow

Pen

, and West Culebra,

were canceled on behalf of the

Panama Railroad
for Panama Railr

, effective June 30, 1914.

oad lots in the town

At the same time

of New Gatun

leases

were canceled,

but the cancellation did not become effective until after the close of

the fiscal

year.

For further details

as well as statements of civil and criminal mat-

ters

handled

department

law

courts

attention

invited to Appendix I-3.

WASHINGTON

OFFICE.

The

work

Boggs,

as previously

of the

United

reported

Washington

States

until

office

Army,
April

continued

and

charge

organization

1914.

that

of Maj.

remained

date,

under

the provisions of the Executive order of March

,1914, the office of

assistant
aminer c
bursing

auditor

accounts.

clerk,

and

was created

place

of the

office

assistant

Under the assistant auditor was placed a dis-

disbursing

office

was

abolished.

The

scope

of the work was about the same as previously reported,

except that

practically all of
located at points in

independent

United

inspection

forces

which

States outside of Washington

were
were

abolished

or greatly

reduced.

Due

a continued

effort

reduce

the supply

of material

on the

Isthmus to

a minimum,

work

purchasing

department

was even

greater

than

during

pre-

vious fiscal

year.

During

year

2,248

persons

within

United

States

were

tendered

employment for duty

on the Isthmus in grades above that

of laborer
classes of

; 1,429 accepted and
employment.

were appointed, covering 71

different

The

total

amount

purchase

orders

placed

was

$12,392,407.78.

a ..

- l . .. . - -L -_ --

fl.-

1 . . . ..� J- . . . _ . JL _ A .

J __ ._ __ _ ... _ . __ _ _* .__ *L _ _ .... _ .. .. JL

REPORT OF

THE

GOVERNOR.

$54,392.
explosives

Other principal items purchased included 2,490 pounds of

00,000

feet

lumber,

20,000

crossties

and

18,311

piles.

During the year 592,674 barrels of cement were purchased.

For further details, attention is invited to Appendix J

OPERATION

AND

MAINTENANCE.

already

1914,

outlined,

provided for a

organization

department of

made

operation

effective

and

April

maintenance un-

der the governor,

department

who was to be assisted in the administration of the

an engineer of maintenance and a superintendent of

canal
having
duty,

transportation.

been

Capt.

ordered

Hugh

Rodman

Secretary

United

Navy

States

Navy,

report

was appointed superintendent of canal transportation, and was

charged with the safe conduct of vessels through The Panama Canal,

except

captains,

the
the

locks.

board

was

local

also

given

inspectors,

supervision
pilots, the

of the port
operation of

lights

and

beacons

subsequent

June

and

inspection

and

admeasuring

of vessels.

The offices of the captains of the

ports at

Cristobal

and

Balboa

were

established

on May

and

they

were

charged
berthing

with
of

duty

vessels,

assignment

furnishing

pilot

wharves

service

, docking
shipping,

and
the

admeasurement

general

tions

supervision

relating

vessels

and

shipping.

transit

enforcement

Eight

pilots

through

canal
were

and

canal,
harbor

and

regula-

appointed-four

each end, and their services have been

utilized in

piloting vessels in

and

out of the

terminal

ports,

in connection

with

lightering

cargo

through the canal, in familiarizing themselves with the aids to navi-

gation and

with the canal route.

Due to the condition of affairs in Mexico and

the interruption of

the Tehuantepec route, demands upon the Panama Railroad for the

transshipment

institute

barge

freight
service

became

so great

through

that

canal

was

and

this

necessary

was

made

effective on May

when

the barges were towed

through

the canal

from

Colon

Balboa,

and

continued

rest

year.

Tolls

were paid by the Panama Railroad Co.,
$11,610.69.

and aggregated for the year

kifni-ntononoa

nrflrlr wn~

1 ~ a'-,-.

'2 N |s|su||*-*l.[a 1 gI | 1. IS EELS *5UEk&'l .S*EEU

nnraroA ni a...

S,

h

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

valve machines

, cylindrical

valve

machines, and

in lighting.

Work

was

also

done

in repainting

gates,

caissons

and

caring

machines of the spillways.
the amount above noted f(

There

were also expended $16,570.44 of

)r maintenance

in clearing vegetation and

pulling

trees

driftwood from

rom
the

canal

vicinity

channel

and

removing

timbers

and

of the locks.

For further details concerning the

transportation

division

of the

work, attention is invited

Appendix E.

SANITATION.

The

health

sanitation oa
department,

Canal

under

States Army, as chief health

Zone

was

Lieut.-Col.
officer, and

placed

Charles

in charge
'. Mason,

United

this department is charged

with

the care

vention

of the

disease

sick

in the

and

injured

of the

Canal Zone and

Canal

Zone,

the cities of Panama

pre-
and

Colon, street cleaning and garbage removal
all matters relating to quarantine. Lately,

in the latter cities, and
matters relating to char-

have

been

added

scope.

The

administration

divided

into

three divisions, each having its own

special

work to

perform-

the division of hospitals and charities,
quarantine division.

the sanitary division, and the

Division of

hospitals

and chart

ies.-This division maintains hos-

pitals
Tomas

Ancon

Hospital

and

Colon

in the city

and

assist

Panama.

maintaining

also

maintains

SSanto
institu-

tions for the care of the

insane

and lepers of both

Canal Zone

and

abled
and i
Canal

Republic

through
necessary
Zone is

Panama

injury. Ii
attendants
divided.

and

provides

in each of t
These district

or employees
a dispensary

districts

physicians

permanently

with

into
attend

dis-

a physician

which
i the

the
sick

within their districts, send

patients to the hospital, perform

vaccina-

tions, make inspections of schools, hotels, restaurants, Canal quarters,
etc., and report all births and deaths.

health

office

division.-The

Panama

sanitary
he health

division

office

three

Colon

sections-the

and

Canal

Zone section.

In the Canal Zone section each district has a sanitary

inspector,

with necessary foremen and

laborers, all

under the direct

Sanitary

f]

]

REPORT

THE

GOVERNOR.

disinfect pit and other closets, and disinfect buildings for contagious

diseases.

They

charged

with

enforcement

samnitary

regulations,

they

and

have

authority

violation

personally

of the

make

arrests

They

also

when
issue

burial permits, make interments of the dead

They keep chart

and care for cemeteries.

immediately

investigate

and

take

action

upon

any

increase

therein.

The work done by the health officers of Panama and

Colon is that

done

health

officers

everywhere.

addition,

they

have

charge

of street cleaning,

garbage

removal, grass and

brush

cutting, oiling

pools,

fumigation,

disinfection,

Their

duties

in enforcing

sanitary rules and regulations are extensive and include vaccinations,

control

infectious

and

contagious

disea

special

precau-

tions against quarantinable diseases prevailing in the Tropics, control

of burials, inspection
inspection of market,

of slaughterhouses and

of cattle

for slaughter,

enforcement of pure-food regulations, inspec-

tion

bakeries

and

dairies,

examination

milk,

inspection

stables, bottling works, and barber shops.

A large part of their time

to enforcement of the sanitary

pecially with reference to rat proofing as a

building regulations, es-
protection against plague.

Quarantine division.-The quarantine division is in

direct charge

a chief

quarantine

officer

and

maintains

large

establishments

each end of the canal-one for the cities of Panama and Balboa and

the others for the cities of Colon

and

Cristobal.

also

a quarantine officer at Bocas del Toro, for the control

maintains
quarantine

matters at that port.

This division

, already large,

is expected to in-

crease greatly in

proportions when

the canal

is open

traffic, and

will

include some

new

features in

the arrangement

for the

passage

of ships through the canal in quarantine.

A piece of ground on the

Balboa dump, fronting upon

the canal

and adjoining

Fort Amador

on the south and the radio station on the east, has been assigned as a
permanent site for the Panama quarantine station. A board has been
appointed to select a site for a permanent quarantine station at Cris-
tobal.
For further details, attention is invited to Appendix H.

FORTIFICATIONS.

- a - - a - - -. - - a -

have witnessed a

regulations.

of the prevalence of malaria in their districts, and

is given

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

The work was in charge of Lieut.

Col. George R. Goethals, United

States Army, assisted by

Lieut.

H. Acher,

United States Army;

Lieut.

Garlington,

United

States

Army;

and

Mr.

Elder,

superintendent of construction.
The following appendixes are herewith:

Increases in salaries and

personnel,

submitted in compliance

with law, Ap-

pendix K.
Laws recently enacted affecting the canal, and Executive orders issued during
the fiscal year, Appendix L.
Charts showing the organization in effect July 1, 1914, Appendix M.
Respectfully submitted.

GEO.

. GOETHALS,

Colonel

, Corps of

Engineers, United States Army,
Governor

The Hon.

LINDLEY M. GARRISON,

Secretary of War,

Washington, D. C.

APPENDIX

REPORT

OF THE

ENGINEER

MAINTENANCE.

CULEBRA, CANAL ZONE, July 15, 1914.
Sm: I have the honor to make the following report of the opera-
tions during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1914, for the work under
my general supervision.
At the beginning of the fiscal year this work was organized as the
first division of the office of the chief engineer, and consisted of sub-
divisions charged with (a) design of lock gates and protective de-
vices, including inspection of construction and erection under con-
tract; (b) design of operating machinery and electrical installation,
including inspection and erection; (c) design of emergency dams,
including inspection of construction and of erection under contract;
and (d) design and construction of aids to navigation.
On October 15, 1913, the work remaining to complete the locks,

with the exception of the bs
tic division and fifth division
having the lock gates and en
main work during the year
concerned with the design 4
trical machinery on April I
S* -* - n

On April 1, 1l
of erection and
the division of
division and the
ology and hydr
report to the un
of the fiscal yeai
ized as follows:
The division
and mechanical
of the structures

ck fill

n
ie

14, the first
the division

was trans

to the fir
rgency d'
1

st divi
ams in

and were m
nd erection
and January
division was
of lighthou

rge
of t

ferred from the Atlan-
sion. The subdivisions
charge completed their
d with the subdivision
he operating and elec-

S31, 1914,r
reorganized
ses. These.

esp<
as
to

municipal engineering, the newly create
office engineer, with the sections engaged
ography, and on general surveys, were
designed as engineer of maintenance.
r the work under my general supervision

of erectioi
engineer, i
of the loc

n, under
n charge
ks and sp

testing, operation, and care of lock
+nn/�4iwrnr *rit'lKir T * +b0o /nnnrv n r o^T n nr^^ \

actively.
the division
gether with
d electrical
I on meteor-
ordered to
At the close
was organ-

the supervision of the electrical
of the completion and operation
illways, the installation, erection,
and spillway operating and pro-
nnrnr Ynm^XTT vTn+c? atfi +rn ornc*4-cA a^r n ^ \

'I

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

LOCK

GATES

AND

PROTECTIVE DEVICES.

This subdivision
Goldmark, design
A. Mason, assistant
The inspection of
States was under
assistant engineer
United States was
engineer. On the
of the chain fend
the lock gates.

The
comply
tract
21, 19
report
The

i was under the in
ing engineer, assisi
Lt engineer, and the
the lock gates and
the immediate cha
. The inspection
under the charge o
Isthmus Mr. E. H.

ers, and

Mr.

Georg

mediate
ted in the

c

necessary
the chain f
rge of Mr.
of the floi
f Mr. Lewi
Baughmai
re F. Guvn

harge of Mr. Henry
office by Mr. Lewis
draftsmen and clerk.
enders in the United
Johannes Hammer,
eating caisson in the
s A. Mason, assistant
n was chief inspector
m of the erection of

continued
under the
., dated
in the an

and
con-
June
nual

ion under the

supplemental contract of May 20, 1913, and the dates on which the
gates were actually completed according to the terms of that contract:

Gates.

Lower guard gates, Gatun..............
Upper guard gates, Gatun.............
All other west side gates, Gatun.......
All other east side gates, Gatun........
Upper guard gates, Pedro Miguel.......
Lower guard gates, Pedro Miguel......
All other east side gates, Pedro Miguel.
All other west side gates, Pedro Miguel.
Upper guard gates, Miraflores..........
Lower guard gates, Miraflores..........
All other west side gates, Miraflores....
All other east side gates, Miraflores.....

Contract
dates of
completion.

June
Oct.
.....do
Jan.
June
June
Oct.
Jan.
June
Sept.
Oct.
Mar.

15,1913
1,1913
.i;i.ii
1,1913
15,1913
1,1913
1,.1914
15,1913
1,1913
1, 1913
1,1914

Dates of
actual
completion.

June 14,1913

construction and erection of the lock gates was
eted during the period covered by this report,
with the McClintic-Marshall Construction C(
10, and the supplemental contracts mentioned
for 1913.
following table gives the dates for complete

tion of the same, except in the new town of Balboa; of the operation
and maintenance of pump stations and water purification plants;
of the inspection of plumbing; of the construction and maintenance
of sanitary ditches; and of the design and construction of the new
waterworks and purification plants for the two ends of the canal;
it also has charge of the municipal work and the collection of moneys
from water rents within the cities of Colon and Panama.
The office engineer.
The section of meteorology and hydrography.
The section of general surveys.

I

J

REPORT OF ENGINEER OF MAINTENANCE.
$

per cent was required in order to complete the work. All <
leaves in the west chamber at Gatun and the east chamber at
Miguel had been stepped on their pintles, and all the leaves
west chamber at Miraflores except the two leaves of the ope
gate in the lower chamber. The guard gates in both chambers
locks were also in place.
The work was pushed with so much energy that all gates nee
for locking a vessel through on one side of the twin locks wern
pleted prior to October 1, 1913.
The gates were first used for locking at Gatun September 26
and at Miraflores and Pedro Miguel October 14, 1913.
The original contract provided for the painting of the ga

the contractor with three coats, two o
furnish material and labor; the third
contractor to furnish the labor and the
In order to provide more complete

modify this arrangement.
At Gatun it was decided 1
two additional coats. In th
which were constantly under
anticorrosive and one coat c
the red lead. On the rest of ti

paint, consisting of
applied.
At Pedro Miguel
gates, the covering
proof paint.

At Miraflo
the bottom,
of anticorros
gates were g
sisting of a I
On account
intended for
were painted
versely a fe
proof paint.
the Commiss
paint require
all the gates
at Gatun we
to the metal
possible.

about equal

essary
e cornm-

, 1913,

tes by

f red lead, the contractor to
of some other pigment, the
Commission the material.
protection, it was decided to

use two coats of red-lead paint and
part of the gates in the lower lock
ater, one coat of United States Navy
antifouling paint were applied over
States at Gatun two coats of graphite
parts of graphite and red lead, were

no red lead was used, except in the upper guard
consisting of three coats of an approved damp-

-

a -

'res the gates in the lower lock, from elevation -6 to
were given two coats of red lead, followed by one coat
ive and one coat of antifouling paint. All the other
iven three coats of an approved proprietary paint con-
hydrocarbon mixture.
t of the delay in the receipt of the damp-proof paints
use at Pedro Miguel, some of the Pedro Miguel gates
I with hydrocarbon paint from Miraflores, and con-
v of the Miraflores gates were coated with the damp-
The third and fourth coats were in all cases applied by
ion forces, the contractor furnishing all the red-lead
d and also the labor for applying the first two coats on
of the canal. A small portion of several of the gates
re coated with bitumastic compounds applied directly
work, which had been cleaned and scraped as far as

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

The office

work on

lock gates consisted of the preparation of

plans for metal shields to be placed on the top girder for protecting
the electrical and mechanical equipment from injury by water, and
of various minor plans for painter's scaffolds, etc. A complete set
of record plans showing the gates as actually built was also made.
These drawings, 22 in number, are of the standard size. They include
a general drawing of each of the gates, as well as enlarged plans
showing the sheathing, horizontal girders, and all important details,
both in the gates and in the anchorages, and other fixed irons em-
bedded in the masonry.
A report was also prepared giving the methods of calculation em-
ployed in determining the strength of the gates and a complete state-
ment of the stresses in the principal members. These were recalcu-
lated to conform with the actual weights and dimensions of the gates
as built.

CHAIN

FENDERS.

A somewhat detailed description of the chai
in the annual report for 1911 and an account of
termine the best form of resistance valve in the

The additional tests, referred to min tl
quired in order to determine the most
the valves, were carried out in February
the apparatus was quite similar to th
Fender machine No. 812 at Gatun was u,
connected with a wire rope to a lidgerwc
and put under strain by the winding e
mometer was added for measuring the i
the unloader. Indicator cards were t
dynamometer and at the upper cylinder
indicator in the fender pit and the re
connected to the upper cylinder, so that
ing between the cylinder and the valve w
at the dynamometer gave directly the
of the hawse pipe, while a comparison ol
responding pressures in the cylinder ga

resistances. The pull on
lock wall, so that the cha
second series of observati
wall, introducing hawse-i
resistance, including the
constant for all pressures.

TT^. P-Vi11/A i-ri h0 nnnrnvW

Sthe
in did

Lons
pipe
wei
In
imnin

tt
f
g
t

chain wa:
Snot touc
he pull w
riction.
ht of the
he second
lir -nrnnnT

he last
suitable
r, 1914.
at used
sed; the
hod unlo
engine.
)ull in t
taken si
in the i

n fenders was given
the tests made to de-
report for 1912.
annual report, as re-
pressure for setting
The arrangement of
in last year's tests;
chain was, as before,
ader on the lock wall
An hydraulic dyna-
/he wire rope close to
multaneously at the
ender machine. The

distance valve were directly
the loss of head in the pip-
as eliminated. The readings
tension in the chain outside
these readings with the cor-
-e a measure of the frictional
s first exerted at 90� to the
h the hawse pipe, while in a
as at an angle of 25� to the
In the first case, the internal
intermediate cylinder, was
case, the hawse-pipe friction
if.lnnnl f.n f.hft yvlinler nrs.s-

1

REPORT

On June
been deliver
Miguel and

OF ENGINEER

30 the machinery, pumps,
red on the Isthmus for all
Miraflores.

OF MAINTENANCE.

and electric equipment had
fenders at Gatun and Pedro

The erection has been somewhat delayed by
the close of the fiscal year all fenders at Gatu:
complete and the electrical was progressing
Miguel seven fenders were mechanically complex
one fender was mechanically complete. The
progressing as rapidly as the mechanical work
Chain.-The manufacture of the chain for t
ceeded rather slowly.
As noted in the report for 1913, the chain use

for testing the resistance

the final test when the
about 630 pounds per sc
pull on the chain of 178
or about 213,000 pounds,
of the moving cylinder
There were doubtless son
to the test reports, sever
fully a breaking load of
a proof test of 242,000 p
in the chain had occurred
was made at the Boston
tion tested consisted of
360,000 pounds. Analy,
cent, indicating that th

A second set
long manufactu
Boston, and by
showed breaking
470,000 pounds
the same for th
On the basis

of tests
red espei
Messrs. ]
g strength
for the
3 two ma
of these

for the manufacture
been ordered.

valve in machine roor

pressure in
iuare inch.
,600 pound
if a prope
and the i

ne add

itio

al double
over 457,
ounds. E
d in a bad
Navy Ya
45 links.
sis gave as
e material
was made
cially for
Bradlee &
hs of 400
stud-link
kes of cha
and other

nal secondary stresses
ts of this chain had s
000 pounds, and the

xammnat
weld.

slow

deliveries.

were mechanically
ipidly. At Pedro
, and at Miraflores
ectrical work was
would permit.
o fenders has pro-

d in the experiments
n 813 was broken in

. According
tood success-
whole section

ion showed that the break
A test of the broken chain

rd June 9 and 11, 1913. The
It broke under a tensile stores

Carbon content of 0.1
Swas steel and not wr
with sample chains ab
this purpose by the n
Co., of Philadelphia.
,000 pounds for the op
type, the results being
in.
tests, a specification w

remaining

chains, and 1

I

18 of 1
ought i
)out 35
ivy yar
These t
en-link

sec-
s of
per
ron.
feet
d at
;ests
and

practically

as prepared
hains have

LOCK-ENTRANCE

A description of the caissons foi
including the pumping plant for u
given in the annual report for 191
As stated in that report, an ii
778) was issued on May 21, 1913..

CAISSONS.

r closing the entrance to the locks,
inwatering the lock chambers, was
3.
invitation for proposals (Circular
Although a special effort was made

the upper cylinder had reached
This pressure corresponds to a
s, without allowance for friction,
r addition is made for the weight
internal friction of the machine.

'SS TH:

ber and has proceeded at a
caisson will be completed li
General and detail plans
to be used for closing the
These plans have not been

PANAMA

CANAL.

Satisfactory rate. It is believed that the
ttle, if at all, behind the contract date.
were also prepared for a floating caisson
entrance to Dry Dock No. 2 at Balboa.
finally checked and approved.

PONTOON

BRIDGE.

-m . ..

Considerable time was devoted to the preparation of the general
and detailed plans for a movable bridge across the canal at Paraiso.
The work of construction was done by the forces of other divisions,
this office acting in a consulting capacity. The detailed plans of the
mechanism for lifting the apron girders and for turning the pontoon
were made under the direction of the electrical and mechanical en-
gineer.
The adopted design provides for a floating bridge revolving about
i pivot at one end, similar to pontoon bridges successfully used for

many years on me upper �ivnssissippi. rians oT tnese ridages were
furnished by the courtesy of Mr. C. F. Loweth, chief engineer of the
Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway Co.
The general plan of the bridge is shown on plate 136. It consists
essentially of a timber barge, supporting a continuous framed trestle
for carrying the railroad and highway floor. Steel apron girders
connect the trestle with concrete piers on each bank. The shore ap-
proaches are pile trestles.
The pivot about which the bridge turns is a heavy steel tube
fastened to the east pier, and the pontoon when closed is secured to
the west pier by an automatic latch. In order to give a clear channel
of 300 feet when the bridge is open, the pontoon was made 378 feet
long overall. It is 55 feet wide and 6 feet 3 inches deep at the center
line. The frame spacing is 24 inches, the floor timbers being 4 by
12 inches, the rake timbers 4 by 12 inches, and the deck beams 4 by 10
inches. At intervals of 14 feet there are trussed frames consisting
of three ordinary frames bolted together and braced with steel rods
1 inches in diameter. The trestle sills are carried on these special
frames. Six solid longitudinal bulkheads of 8-inch timber extend
the entire length of the pontoon. The base of rail is about 33 feet
above the bottom of the barge or 30 feet above the water level. Its
height was fixed so as to give a moderate gradient on the approaches.
The trestle bents consist of a 12 by 14 inch sill 40 feet long, six 12 by
12 inch posts and 12 by 14 inch caps, 18 feet long. The outer and
intermediate posts are heavily battered, distributing the weight over
.l &1 1 , 1J1 - _- i- __ ..- -. ....1 - - - - ..... -.. .- - I.-_ -* -

E

REPORT

OF ENGINEER

OF MAINTENANCE.

with upset ends and
in each direction in
horizontal girts and
outer post on each
mately equal amoun
exterior and interior
neum, applied cold.
bars to stiffen the fr
pontoon below the a
The apron girders

tion of about 6 feet in
long, consisting of spar
at both ends. When 1
clear of the concrete p
temporarily supported
bridge is revolved by

turnbuckles.
each truss.

a d
side
t of
r su
It

ouble b
. The
Dougl
rrfaces
was fo

aming and

There are two diagona
The trestle is further

racing of 3 by 10 inch tin
timber used consisted of
as fir and long-leaf yellow
were coated with Avenar
rund necessary to add bra
prevent distortion of the

approach aprons.
at each end provide automatic

the water level of the canal

'e lock-gate
big

the
iers
by
me

each bank, which passes
the deck of the pontoon
lifting the apron girders,
operating the rail lift, the
pier, is operated from a c
It takes 10 minutes to

make a complete
and relocking.

k

f

e
1i
in

brid
by a
bloc]
ans o

around
near
and f
rail la

enti
tur

operation,

parts, and rest
is turned, thes
electrically drive
g on the ends

(-2
a
tI aI
the
or
tch

1-inch ancho
n electrically
west end.
turning the I
es, and the m

(

(

ally

* The3
on hing
girder
en mec
f the 1

r chain
driven
The mec
)ridge, a
ain latch

al panel.
n the bridge and about
including unlocking, oi

nemn

ils per panel
stiffened by
fibers on the
an approxi-
v pine. All
ius carboli-
ces and hog
ends of the

for a varia-
r are 64 feet
;ed supports
s are lifted
hanism and
barge. The
fastened at
wild cat on
Shanism for
nd also for
Sat the west

minutes to
ig, closing,

TRANSFER OF THE WORK.

On April 1 the mai
on April 15 the orgal
pletion of its remain]
and floating caissons,
sion of erection.

force of this subdivision was disbanded, and
ation was entirely terminated, and the cornm-
work, consisting mainly of the chain fenders
as turned over to the newly organized divi-

OPERATING

MACHINERY

AND

ELECTRICAL
ERECTION.

INSTALLATION,

DIVISION

The mech
October 15,
was under
the first di
reorganized
been under
electrical ai

anical and electrical installation
1913, the completion of the 1
the electrical and mechanical
vision until April 1, 1914, w
as the division of erection. T
the immediate supervision of
nd mechanical engineer, assist

m, to which
ocks, except

was added on
the back fill,

engineer's subdivision of
hen this subdivision was
throughoutt the year it has
Mr. Edward Schildhauer.

Led in the

office by

J
Asst.
a

e
n

THE

PANAMA

CANAL.

CONCRETE.

In
were

completing the lou
placed during the

cks

a total

43,358 cubic yards of

concrete

year.

HYDROELECTRIC GENERATING

STATION.

The

building

and

equipment

were

turned

over

permanent

operating force on June

1914.

TRANSMISSION

The erection of track span bridge
line was completed during the year,
near the terminals which required s]

LINE.

s and wiring of the transmission
with the exception of six bridges
special treatment; 794 double and

20 single-track span bridges have been placed. The finished part
of the line is 44.46 miles long and is in duplicate, having 266 miles
of 2/0 stranded copper conductor and 88 miles of copper-clad ground
wire.

LOCK MACHINERY.

The installation and wiring of the lock-operating machinery was
completed during the year except for the chain fender machines and
some electrical work on the valve machines. The entire number of

machines
machines,

have

been

placed

in service,

except

chain

fender

as follows:

136 rising-stem
120 cylindrical
12 auxiliary ct
18 guard valve

valve
valve

machines.
machines.

ilvert valve machines.
machines.

92 gate-moving machines.
46 miter forcing machines.

80 hand-rail

machines.

Twenty-one

order
the lc

and

wer

the
lock

towing
track

locomotives

work

Miraflores

have

been

for whi

been

finished
ch the

delivered

out of

40 on

d, except for a part
material is ordered 1

yet delivered.

SPILLWAY

MACHINES.

The

spillway-gate

machines

have

The gates of Gatun, 14 in number,

the electrical

division

been

erected

and

wired.

have been tested and turned over

operation.

The

tests of the eight ma-

a , a 1 1 1 J

	Front Cover
	Front Matter
	Title Page
	Table of Contents
	List of Illustrations
	Report of the Governor of the Panama...
	Appendix A: Report of the engineer...
	Appendix A-1: Report of electrical...
	Appendix A-2: Report of resident...
	Appendix A-3: Report of chief hydrographer,...
	Appendix B: Report of the engineer...
	Appendix C: Report of resident...
	Appendix D: Report of superintendent...
	Appendix E: Report of superintendent,...
	Appendix F: Report of the chief...
	Appendix G: Report of auditor,...
	Appendix H: Report of chief health...
	Appendix I-1: Report of executive...
	Appendix I-2: Report of cost-keeping...
	Appendix I-3: Report of special...
	Appendix J: Report of the general...
	Appendix K: Tables showing increases...
	Appendix L: Acts of Congress affecting...
	Appendix M: Charts showing organization...
	Back Matter
	Back Cover

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