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A& x. < x x x

ANNUAL

REPORT

OF

THE

THMIAN

CO

MMISSI

AN

N

--e
rOR Inn

FISCAL YEAR

ENDED

JUNE

1913

AL

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TABLEOF CONTENTS.

Report of the chairman and chief egineer......................... 1.......
Oz'i zatio .. . . . . . - : ' f - - . . f , f . . - : - * - . - 1
Sctio d en peering - - - . - - - - - - - - - * a - a - - - - - 2

l+ A.r'n 0

x x n: 1 .--..~ . V w . . .me e e m
�X A UJ~ tP ^A. V A JJ Ft t tS t - ft S ft f ft ft-ft-
Atlantic div8on...........

Central dtvsionB.,.n- s...- -

Sixth division.......---........
Seonnnd driaini

Iftm - - t - t a m* *w a- ft - ft ft a- - ft ft ft ft ft ft - - - -s ft ft - ft f ft ft 4 a
.- a i ft f f f ft f ft - ft ft - f ft - ft ft - ft f t- *t > - f *h *k f t - ft ft f f - ft f - t

- - a - ft ft ft: ft f
* ft ft. ft ft ft ft ft ft ft

** ft af - - ft ft ft ft* *r ft ft: ft
ft ft ft -t f ft ** - ft - t ft ft ft:

ft: ft ft ft ft a a * a* ft ft ft ft S ft ft - f ft ft ft ft
a -* f ft ftf ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ft aI- ft ft ft ft ft
t at ft ft ft- ft - ft - - -t ft ft S :ft ft ft a ft ft ft ft ft
*ft a ft* ft * 4* ft ft f ** f: ft* ft a ft ft ft ft t ft ft

ft ftr ft fth ft ak ft ft ft: ft *ft ft *ft< ft ft ft ft ft ft- ft ft ft a
ft ft -* ft - ft ft ft ft ft ftn ft* ft: ft ft - � - ft ft: ft-

* ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f ^ fttff -kr - VK-tU a�* fttt ftd~~u- ~ - -t --- - --- ft ftW --- ft ft -- :t f-.-
Consatraction of the new Panama Railroad ....
.- .-. Fortifications .. a . .....ft..ft......t t
otn keeping... .......... . .................f f f f f

Quartermaster's department. ..... ...............

Subsistence d department ...... . .......... .. ......
Examination o accounts and disbursements......
Examination of accounts..f.t.... ..f .......- f f fff
S.isburse ents.. . :t ...ftfttttt.. f...t.......-f.

Departments of civil administration and law. ..

Civil administration..............
Department of law ---.....-..... .-..
Department of sanitation .. ...

Recreation of employees. ............
Washington office. ... . ..---- . .. . . . .-. .-
...e eie.a. re.iarks. ... - - ft - ft ft f - . . .

ft ft ft ft .M a f - ft ft ft ft ft ft a � a . - a ft ft ft: t ft ft - a - - . ft f f a
.ft f ft ft ft ft ft ft f ft ft ft ft f a ft.a ft. . ftIft f ft ft ft a . ft f f -
ft ft ft ft ft f ft ft ft ft ft: ft f> ft f fM t ft ft t t ft -ft M : ft ft I ft ft ft ftw fte ft ft

APPENDIX A.

Report of the assistant chief engineer in charge of first division of the office of the
SIHLi d~'' engrneer^AJL-l .S^ -* a aw ai:*- - f1 ft ft f - ft ft ft * ft ft ft* ft ft ft ft .* a* f a ft ft ft -* a a ft ft** - ft ft - ft ** a ft ft. ft::� ft ft ft ft .* - - ft a a
ae i engineers . . ...c.c. ..,.t-. ..... . .. . .. . a .-. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . - ....
..snry.n lock structures...,,me .................. ,... ,.....,

J~i'f&^il Ak^Ift ft SH ft- ft 5* ft S* a . ft ft ft t ft* -- ft ft ft ft ft ft ft ftri - ft ft ft f
Valves aid ixed irons- ... --.ft

Design and contract.... ft....
Ihxnstalilationi f... ft-tt t -.
Fixed irons for spillways, spillway

eTsiign* -a t o t r t............ftft f
Desin and contract. .fl��

Erection and installation............. ....

raWings.... . . . . .. .. . . ... ... . . .... . . . . ....
flR - a

ft ft-- ft ft ft ft ft - ft ak ft ft ft ft ft:> ft ft ft ft - ft ft ft ft a * * * ft ftf tf

ft I I * t * * ft- ft ft- ft: ft> a f ft ft ft ft- *> ** a* aii ai - f ft ft ft ft - ft ft f
- ft.- t ft ft a j- ft fth 5* ft I ft ft ft a H a k ft ft f ft ft- ai a* ft - - a

gates, cmassons, footbridges, and
6gates,3 caissons,3 footbridgesB, ixnd

ff ft ft ft ft
a a ft ft f

f f ft ft a ft

*e v

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Report of the assistant chief engineer, etc.--Continued.
Operating machinery and electrical installation ......

Page.
87

Rising stem valve machines.-............
Fixed irons for rising stem gate valves...
Test on rising stem gate-valve machines.
Operation of the valve in the dry....
Cylindrical valve machines .............-- -.....
Auxiliary culvert valve machines........- ...

l- a - - a.
- - -. - a

- a - a* I-
* - -
* a a

- � - i -- - k - i - - - ' i- - a k a a t a a

- -k ir a* a* a- a a - - a - � a r a :-

- - ah - -t *- a* - :a a- a - -b a~ -r *
* a a - - a aa aa. a.

Test and correction for leakage of cylindrical valves- - ...... -
Tests of cylindrical and auxiliary culvert valve machines.

Guard valve machinery ....... .. ........
Miter-gate moving machines..... .....--
Miter-gate forcing machine..... ..... .....

Test of miter-gate machine
Miter-forcing tests..........-
Towing track material.. -a

Class
Class
Class
Class
Class

1 a a a - a a a - a a - a a a
2 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a -
3 a a a a a a a - a - a a - a a a -
4 a a a a a a a a a a - a a a - a a
5 a a a a a a a a - a a a a a a a a

y_...

a a a. aaa - - a a -

-.-. - -.-- -- a - - a- -a a a a
* - a a a a aa a- aa a-.a ....a a

^i- - a> * - a a* a a a a a - a a a* a a a a a a a a a* - a a - - -a - a a* - - ak

a> a - - a* a - - - - - - a* - a a� a a a a a a - a a a a a a a a a - r - a - a a
- .aa aa a a -.. - a. a . a - -. a a a. a a. - - - a a a.-..a.
a a a a a a a. -.aa a-.--.--.-- -- - .- .. a. a a .a.

Towing locomotives. .......................................... ...
Towing tests-Panama Railroad steamships........................
Spillway gate machines .......--...-........................- .......-- ...
Test of spillway gate machines. --..-....-......-a-....-aa ..a--
Transformer room equipment ......-.............-.......- ... . . .-.......-
Insulated cable . a.a.aa.. . ..-.a--.-.-a......-a . a-a...- -a...a.. a ...
7Wire and cable on order.......-...-............... ........ .....
Lock control and indicating equipment.............................
Illumination. ......- . ...............---- -..............--........--. ......
Hydroelectric plant- ....... .......--- --........-..................-... ...
Transmission line- -- ---............... -............... ..................-.
Cover seats for crank gear-machinery rooms. - .................- ......
Concrete.... - ....... .......... ..........-.. .. ... ....-..... .......-
Redesign of cargo-handling cranes-Balboa-Panama Railroad docks.

Inspection of machinery
General .. .- .- . . . ... ........
Emergency dams.............
Inspection in the United
First test aa..aa-...a

Second test .........
Third test... ...... .
Shipments. -.....--......
Method of erection......
A~ .4 * A

and electrical e ui ment

States.

*.a.aa *a .
a a - - a.

ih ~ ~ - *i.a - a* a a ai - - a* - a a* a a* a1 a a �
a a .a a a a . . a .a a . . .a a. a - a a a a . a
. w aa.a a.a a a a.a a aa a a aa a
- a a a aa.a a.a a a a aa aa a. a a

a -^ a a a: a a aw a a aw a a a a' a - a - a a a a a a a a a a - a a a a a a> a a a

a< a 4i a a a af a a aw a a - - - ar a a a a* a* - a a a a a a a a a ar a a* a a> a- a a a

:* a� a a a ai a a a a a a w - a- - a a r -> a> a> a* a. a ai ai a a * ar a a a a a a a
a a a. a aa aa aa a a..a aa aa aa a a a aa aa aa a . a a

a

a
a

a

a
a
a
a
a
V

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I-

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*ft-

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Report of the assistant chief engineer,
Aids to navigation-Continued.
A j * p . , - - 3 . , - . -
* ::ts and rilln~ atien
G z s a a a - - - * a � , ---- - - - � -�
EXHIBITm 1.-List of muncompleted
I 31 ,- ' - . * a a a a a a a a . * . a a a -

- a a - - w a .a a
Sa--.--- -- a

* a a a a a - * 4 a a a a a a - a a a a a
* --aa4 a--aa

* - a* a* a
* a a a -*

- a a 4 . a d a a a s a. a a a . a .a a . a ,
contracte-First division-as of July 1,

a - a - a a - * i a a a a 4 ,

etc.--Conutiued.

APPENDIX

portt of the division engineer, Atlantic division.

Division office....,.....
Division designing force..
West breakwater quarry..
Detailed statement of
Water transportation. , -..

*t a a a a a a- - a

* *- at a a al a a
. . . . . -. -. - -

work done* and cost
work done and cost

West breakwater-Colon.... . - ... .... .. - - ....
Comparative statement-Porto Bello large rock....

Gatun locks......a aa.......aa
Excavation......-........aa
Piling.. .a . .. . . .* . .- * .. . a .. ....
Concrete work.......... ......
Comparative statement of

Concrete material.. .... .a.
Unloading plant. ..........
Handling and mixing plant.. -
Gate erection-.- --....aa-a.a
Fixed steel.- ... .... . . . . . . .
Back fil-l a ............... aaaa..
Miscellaneous work........
Control house.. .. . -. . .... . . .
Power plant... ......... .... -
Gatun Dam and spillway.....a.--
Gatun Dam............. .....
Statement of progress of cc
Material handled, place m

- -

-....
it -

-a a - a - a -- a a- --aaa-- . .. . -
a- a- - a - - - a a - a a - - - * a a a - 4 a a a

* - - - - a a - aa a - a � a a -
* a* a a a a a a a* a* ar ar a a a a a
* a* a a a a, a a a a, ai - a * a a a
* - * a - a a a a - - a . * - a a
a a- - S a ia - a � a. -. a
. . . ..r. . .

a - a -a -a a a a a - a a a a a a - - - a , a a a - . - . .

-** - a. a� �M ^a -^^ a a a a a - 4 a a a - - a a a aaaa- a a aw a

- - - - -a - - a a - - - - -- - - - a- a a a a a . . aa - . a a a a a
-aaaaaa aa- a aa aa---aaaaaa-- aaa ... a
-------------------------------......

a a - - -a a a, a - - a -a a-- a - a a -- - - -a a* a - - a a - a. - -

nstructiona

S- a - a-- a- - a a a a a - -4

a a- a a" a a - - a . a , a a a a a , - - a a
- - - -a- - - - .. .. . . . . .. -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . .
- - - - - - - - . . . . . . . . . .

Dry fill deposited......
Output of steam shovels

teril ---a------- b -y aragesaa-at--a a a a as
Material handled by dredges, borrow-pit measurement.

Comparative statement of costs...
Gatun spillwaya..a.aaaaaaa---- a
Progress in excavation..,.. -.aaa
Permanent power plant ..... ...
Comparative statement of costs...

.,, Municipal engmeerin . . ... .. . .. .. . . . . . . . .

a a - - a . - a a

- - a - - a aa -

* -� a a* a at aa

a - a a a a
- - r - :* .i, - I

S-a -- a --

* - a a a a a- a a - - a
costs-locks masonry

111
112
112
113
113
113
114
115
115
117
117
119
120
121
121
121
121
121
122
122
122
122
122

123
123
125
125
126
127
328
129
130
130
Vt'

easurement.......
a- a aa a a- a aa a- a-

.4
a1 a a a a - a a a a -. a a .

a a a -a - , - a a - a - - - . . a. a a .a ... a

a. . - - a aa a a - a -a - - a a a . a a a . a
a a a a a 4 a a a a a - -

Page,
108
109
109

110

R. ts . * *

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

APPENDIX C.

Report of the division engineer, central division..
Excavation-. . . ---. . . * . -. - ...- .-..-
From canal prism.. - .-.-. --...-....-.......
From Obispo diversion........ .. .. .......
Outside work. .. --....-.-...-. ..... ... ... -.
Total, including accessory work...........
Mofnnthl'r for fiscal er

* . a . - - - a a a a a a a a - a
- - a - a a a - a - a a -: a .4 a a a .
a a - a a a - a - - a a - a a - - - a

a * - a - a a-- a a� l- M- a a a- a a a ar
- a - a a a a . a a a. - a - a..a a

.LLJ AV-A U. UL* 3 .JAJ Jt. j-u JvuJ ta v a , a. a� a a a a- a -. a a a�� a - a a - a-. a a a - a a a - a-�r a a
Revised estimate of the quantity of material yet to be removed .....
Blasting......... ........................-.......................
Steam shovels...... ....... .... . -.............-......- --..............--
Class.......... ................ - - - - - - - ........................ ......

-: *a - a a *
*f a* - a a at
- a a a a a.
.... .. t k*

a a a a - a
-.-.-a a
- a a a

Highest daily, monthly, and annual records ..............a...a......
Average performance for each month, fiscal years 1908, 1909, 1910,

1911, 1912, and 1913.. .....

Plant-.. ...... . ..................... .. .............
Transportation.... ...... .--..........................
Average number of locomotives working per day.
Average number of cars loaded daily............
Largest number of cars handled in one day. -....
Trains in service at close of fiscal year...... .. ...

TI'Cracks - a a- a ..a a a a a - a ..aa- a a aaa
Location and distribution- .........-

- a..a.-a.-

Dum ps...................... ....... .. ..........
Disposition of material excavated ... ...---.....
Average amount of material dumped per day.

Amount of trestli
Diversions. . ......
Hand excavation by
Clearing channel....
Noas Island dike...

-* ab * - - -* - a - a - - - a a* al a
.* . .* . . . . . . . .� .i . . . . . M r *

^ * - - - - a - a. a. a a* - -* - a aa
a - a - a a� * - a * - - - -* -* a a a*

-. a a a a a a a* a^ a - - a a� a *a a A a ak
* - .a aa - -.aa a .a.aa .a..a . a

e driven.......

contract...,...
a.a.aa.a aa a a- a a
a a..a a aa a- a a

Slides and breaks........ ..-..... --
Estimate outside of slope line a

Cost of excavation.. ........
Coal and fuel oil consumed..
-a
Air and water service ......
Municipal work.............-
Road building ....... .....
Waterworks ......... . . .. ... .
Labor conditions. ...... .....
Changes in organization.. ....
Changes in personnel........

* a a a a. - a -t a a a - a a - a a * a a - a * a * a a - a a a a a a a * a *-
-.a. - a . a .aa.aa.aa a a a..a aa a-.a-.- - . a

-- a- a- a- a a a a a -- a
a a.a .a a a a a
a a.aa a - aa a.

* a a * a. - - a a a a a* - a* - a a a* a a* - a
* a a. a a a a . a aa .a- -a .a .a a a
* -. a - aa.aa.a a a -a -a . a

a a *

a a* a al a -r a a - a a a - a a a a a a a a a a� a a a- a - ai a a a a a a a a a a a"

a* a a ak a af ai a a> a* a a a a a a a a* a* a a a - a a a a* a* a a* a -* a - a a* a a a a

I a aF a -- * - '-
. . . . . . � *�

S- a - a - a a - a a a a* a* a a a� a* a a a a a" a a a a a a a a a a'
a - - a a a a a^ a a a a a a a a� a* * a* a - - a a a a a

Page
189
139
139
139
140
140
140
141
142
148
143
144

144
146
147
147
147
147
147
148
148
149
149
150
'151
151
152
152
152
153
154
155
155
155
156
156
157
159
159
160

APPENDIX D.

a .t S * flAt' U

TABLE

OF CONTENTS.

Construction tracks.......- ..
Placing concrete.......... .

Amount placed..........
Performance of auxiliary
Miscellaneous lock work....

Back 'ling . a.... -._
Killing west dam....
Miraflores locks, dam, aid
Construction tracks...
Lock foundations..... -
Excavation......

- *a- a -
* - a - - -
plant -

- - a - -

- - a a a a a - -
a a - *k a a A a a
spillway.
S- ....... -
. a - a a a a a .
<* a a - a a a a

* - *
--a

* - �** #
... a *N

- a - a a.- : --. - a a a a a a a a a
- - S -a - a a a - a a - -- a

�r- - - - a ai C �* * �C -: a a a a- * a a* at a a a a-

* a a � - a a a. - -. a a a
. w:.... .. .. .. .. . .. �� * ,w � t~fk r

- a - - - -
- a a . - -
as a a *

Concrete-handling plant. - . . ........
Placing concrete.... -..---........ - - -..
Performance of berm cranes.. -....
Performance of chamber cranes.-
Performance of auxiliary concrete pla
Amount of concrete placed...........

Concrete forms ...
Miscellaneous lock
West dam..... .
Back filling. --... -
Spillway dam.....
Excavation.. -.

Concrete work, A
Amount of c'
Performance
Dry excavation. .
In canal prism..
Performance of si
Performance of s1
Mining. .......----
district ......* . ......

work

- --- A- -

a - a a -
A - - - -

* - a - S - a a a - a a a a - a. - - - .

* - S S S 5 5 a a - . .- a a a a - a. a a
* ........... �* ** . � .t� . w.. ft.

* . - a a aa -
* a -a - a a aa
nt........

- - - - a a
- a a -

a a-a a -a ..-a a ... a

Sa a a . a a a . a a - . . a a . a - a I . a a a a i
a- - a, a a1 a aM a - - aW , a a a a a. a� a a a aaa

firaflores spillway. a.
concrete placed.. ....- .

a a
- K ek a

- a -

of auxiliary concrete plant..
a- *� a1 a�f a aa a - a- a � a at -, ,* ^ * a

a S - a a

a . . . . a. .- a a .a a - a a a - a a - a a a - a a
team shovels at Pedro Miguel- -.
team shovels at Miraflores.......

* a a a a
- a a- a

Municipal and sanitary work..
Municipal engineering.. -..

- *--I -
a a a a a -

a a a a a a a a a a a

- - a a* - ar a- 5- a a
a 4 a a a a : a -
a a a a a . a

a a * a a -a a a - - a. - r a. - . a - 5 a
a - S - - a * a a a a - a a a- a a a a . a - . a
a t - - - . a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a -
5 a a a - a a - a a a a - a - a a a a a a a a a. a

Ancon pumping and filtration station.

Details of work pnd
Cocoli pumping plant.. -
Details of work and
Rio Grande and Cocoli r
Water consumption.
n..� j~ ��

cost..
* a . r
cosL..

..a .. a
a a -a a a
a . 5 a a

eservoirs...
1:...ae f

a- - - a - a -a a - .-

a. - -a - a a a a a a a a a a a a a . a. a .- a .

* a ".- -1 a 1 a a a a a a aa a.. a a a a a a

Report of the resident engineer, fifth division-ontinued.
FistdisM'ictClontinued.
Loh- ams, spillway, and dry excavatiow-4ontinued.
A~Pedro Miguel locks and dams--Continued.

Third

Page,
163
163
164
164
165

165
165
166
166

167.
166

167
167
167

168
169
170
170
171
171
171
172
172
173
173
173
174
174
175
175
176
176
176
176
176
176
177
177
178
178
178

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Report of the resident engineer, fifth division-Continued.
Third district-Continued.
Municipal and sanitary work-Continued.

Zone sewer system............--.
Work performed- -.............. - -
Maintenance.. -. - - -.-..--..........
Zone roads........-....-..............
Maintenance and repairs......-..
Macadamizing and oiling ........

Sanitary work.... .......
Work performed- ......
Fourth district ...... .... .--.........-
Ancon quarry and crushers...
Mining ....a.a .. .----..
Explosives used -......
Hydraulic excavation. ............
Designs, maps, and office work....

S * -- a a

-* a - - a* a* ai - a- a a a * - -* - -. - t ai ai ar a - - -f -
- - -..- - .- -- a- aa aa - a . a a a

- aa - ah -t a - at a - - -� - - aij - a a a - a * - a aB a t a a ai ar - - a
* - --. a a - - a a - - - - - - * - - - a a - . . . . - .a. - a . a a

** - a a - - a a a -* a a * - a a a* a a a -' a a - a a -w a � ah a -r - af a.

--- . .. . . .a . .a -- . - a a a a -. .-. a aa.a a - a.

* *- * - - - **** - - * a* -* - - - -* h a a - ar - ai - -k - S S at�
a - a - . - a aa.aa --.-. aa.--.- - a a..a a

Page.
182
182
182
182
183
183
183
183
184
184
184
184
185
186

APPENDIX E.

Report of resident engineer, sixth division........
Division organization -....-........a...-
First district.--.......--..... .-.. . . .- .-.--.-....- . .....
Operations.......... ........... ....--- .....
Dredges in operation........-........ -
Yardage removed --.... ---.......-............
Subaqueous rock excavation .....--- .......
Location of rock shoals worked and i
Balboa shops and shipways..... --........
Clearings and diversions .................
Miscellaneous -............-...............
Surveys and mapping...........-........
Sec6nd division. ...... ................... ..
Operations a - a a - a a ---aaaaaaa
Dredges in operation ......... -.....
Monthly output of dredges...........
Dredging, ocean to Gatun locks..........
Subaqueous rock excavation..............
Cristobal terminals........- -..-...a.
Miscellaneous-....-- ...................a

Surveys and mapping...................
02 -f11ce....a.a .... ....... ........ a aaaa

a* a - - *- a - - af a ai a a a a( a a a a a ar - ar aa - aM
a* a a- a a -. 5 - - *- - - - a1 a - - C* Si at a� a-- a* *
. . . a . . a . . . a a . . . . . - . . a a a . a

volume removed.............

a a - a - a* - a -* - - -* -* a a a - a - a ar a a af a a
a - 5. - . .- --.-- --.aa a a a. a.

*B - a a a a -> a - a � - a* - a a al af at ak ak a a a a a
a a a a a - . - a a a - a - - a - a a a a a a a .
*. a - aa a. a aa a. a aa. S a aa.a
*. - a . a . a a . a a a a a a..a. a. a.
a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a * a a a a a a a a .

APPENDIX F.

Report of the assistant to the chief engineer in charge of second division of the

office of the chief engineer. ........

a a a - - - a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a

VIII

* - ... :: x^ x: r

TflL OF f

x x xxL

CONTENTS.

Report of the assistant to the chief engineer, etc-Continued.

Terminals-Continued.
Construction-Pacific terminalsa-Continued.

Dry Dock No. 1, entrance basin, and coaling plan

Page.

t

*- aa - - � a a a j a �a wi ae-*a* a - S S a a a * wa a *i
a - a.. a a .....- . - a a - a a . a a - -. a . a . a a

Auxiliary Dry Dock
Oofferdam. ji . ..... ...

Quay walls and Pier
Permanent shops...
Clearing site....
Fll.a...- a..... a

Foundations....

Number of j

Lo. 2 ...........

N~o. 1 a..a .a .a

* ......... a 4 a a a

iles driven.,.

Concrete...........
Operating tunInel . .. . ...
Foundations for shop tools,
Inner harbor excavation .. a

Tracks.- aaaa.aa aaa... ...a
Highway and ditches.--a-aa
dzthe. .....

General. . .......... .. .....

Statement of work done
Excavation...e....

Drilling...........

Filling and embankment

Reenforcing...a-----

Concrete..... ..... . ....
Construction tracks....

Contract worka.a..... .. a- a....

a a a a a
* a a a a
a a a a a
S.a a a a

*
a

- ai aM a a a aI aa - ar a - - - ai a a a t* *r

w " � I: * m 4k * ' w � 4k - 4k k r " w - * w
*- a a a - ai ai ai a- a -~ a a: ai aa - r a ak a - a*
a a a a aa.a. aa. - a a a . a. a a - -..a

- - - - - a -* a .1 - a - - - .a. - a a * a a a a - -

.* a a. - a a 3 * a. a * a a a - - - a
- .a a a a a - :r a a a a a a a a a a

a a - - a a a 4 t a a - a a a a . . a a

as, - - ... . 5 a a 5 a - - -

S. machinery, etc..
machinery, etc..

a a a a a
- - a a

* - a* a- a *a a - ak a a a a a1 a a a a a* a f a *- -: a a f a a -***� -a

* Ci C aB a jS ai~ a i� - a k a f a a a i a - a a i ai a a a ai ak a- a a a - a a�
a 4a a a* ar ar a a ak a a -r a - - a * a a a a a a * a * a a- a a B a a a - -

� - a a

a aaa a .a a

a� . a a- a* a -

a a a a - -* -

a. a a* a ai a - ah a - - - - air a a ar aii ai a a -
a a a * a - a a a a a a a aa. . a a a a a a a
- -. a a. a aa aa aa 5a a a a .a

a aaa m Ma a a a aa ma a m- a meaamaam

Buildings authorized and floor area.

Cotruction-o Atlantic terminals. -........... .-

Wharves, piers, and dredging....m.....

Main coaling plant..............
Office work-terminals -----
Permanent shops....... .. -. .. ....

General description..........
Interior arrangements, power
Rated horsepower of all m
Contracts...... .. ...... a a...... a
Material.........................
Vjljj~~i^^^ � W �� *� *� t M� � �* ww * ** a* -:w

Equtipment....... .............. .

Dry docks, coaling plants, and floating
General description of dry docks...

p

af > S aI a* a a - a� a* a* a* a a - a a: a* aB a- - a a
- - - a a iti - a aw a a a a a a a a a ai - -a-
a a a a a* - a a af a a* -f ai a a� a ak aii ai - a

a* a - *a.a

md light.

otors�..

* a a ai a* a* a

cranes,
* -�ftw I:**- NI.

a - a a a a a a a a a a a a a. -
a a a a a - a a a a a... .. aa - . a a a

ii * a *- a a - ar*

*B a - Ib a b
a a a aa.a.

a a a a a a a a a
a a a a a a a a a a
a a a a a a a a a a a a
a a - a - a a a a a a a a a
a * a n a i a a a a a k a

Tisrr 1- ni VNTll A~ 1 ,n.--^/~tt tn n< .'n 1 A ^Hn�nrt,

Monthly excavation.., aaaa

Performance of steam shovels

a* . a a a a a a aa a a a -
- - -. a a .a.... - * a a a.. a. a a .a a a a a

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Report of the assistant to the chief engineer, etc.--Continued.
Terminals-Continued.
Quay walls and Pier No. 1...'. . ..... ... .....
General description, quay wall section "g-h-i"...

Pier No. 1.. ..... .. . ---...-.---...
Small boat landings. ...........
Quay wall, section "e-f "- ....
Permanent settlements .................
Meteorological and hydrographic section.
General --...... .......-.......--.......
Office work- --......-...................
Meteorology - - - . . . . ..-. -.........
W either ........... - -.... - .. -.......
Precipitation- .... ---........-
Temperature...- ...............-
Means and extremes.. -......
Absolute temperatures of rec
W inds- ..... . .. ... -.. . .. .....
Maximum velocity.........
Atmospheric pressure- .........
Relative humidity ..........
Cloudiness.1 . . . . . a . - . - - . . -
Cloudiness.....................
Evaporation.- ..... ...-..........
F ogs - .... . .. . .... . . .-... ....
Sea temperature. .............-
Tidal conditions. ..-... ....
Seismology -..........-- ...........
Monthly rainfall on the Isthmus
Monthly rainfall, by sections, ye
Maximum rainfall in Canal Zone

of Panama ..........
ar 1912 and averages.

Hourly distribution of rainfall in the Canal Zone..-......

Monthly
Monthly
Monthly
Compara
Monthly

-, a <* a a� a - -� -* a

a.a .a-.-.aa.a . a

a

meteorological data-Ancon, year 1912.........-....
meteorological data-Culebra, year 1912. ...........
meteorological data-Colon, year 1912 - ..............

* a ab a a

t 4- a� - a

tive wind records-Ancon and Sosa .................... .
evaporation-Canal Zone, years 1912, 1913, and averages

- - a - - a a - a a- -l a - a a . . . . . . - a - a a C

a --h - - 4 -- *-- - - - - - a a a a a a ak A - a - - a - - a. a a- a
a a -* a -* a a - - - - -* -h - - -> if- a a a aw a� aa -* -* -* a� a

* - - - a - . a - a -* a a a ail a - - -* a* a a a - ak a
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sea temperatures, 1912.........-...-..........
Tidal conditions, 1912.......................
Seismograph records, Ancon, fiscal year- - - ......
Hydrology .......-.....-............. ............
Station equipment and field work..........
Freshets..........a.. . ..................... -
Special work............... . ...... .......

Run-off at Alhajuela and Gatun ..............
Monthly discharge of Chagres River, 1912, at

a.a..a..a..a..a.
- a. a a a a

- - -* -* a a- a a aii a ai - -r - a a a
*i ar a a a - a a a ai i ab af ai af aj ak aa
a a a - a a a a. - a.
- a..a. a.....a a a a a.

Alhajuela, Gamboa,

_ N1 1

Page.
219
219

2219
220
220
220
220
220

221
221
221
22]
222
223
223
223
224
224
224
224
224
224
225
225
225
226
228
228
228
229
230
231
232
232

Xord.

- a
a a
- a

- a a - a - a - a a a a - -- - a l - -a aa - a* a a a a - - a t

- a - - -- - - a a - a - a . . a - - - a a . .a a a - a a .
a.a....a..aa.-. - a aa a a a aa a-.-..-

TABLE

OF CONTENTS.

Report Of the assistant to the chief engineer, etc.-Continued.

xx x xx

Statement of rolling stock owned by the commission .......

Sec tion of ge ner al su rve y s. ..............
Mechanical --work-.--............................
act o epaia per ervMe day ......
*:Total cost of repairs to equipment
Avrge cost of dry excavation..

Ae cost of concrete laid.................
Cost of repair to marine equipment..a.....
't :eHlug eng neer. - ?. --.... S -...c.-l- - - ..a --
insc~ton of lubricants and equipment
. Consumption and cost.......... ..... ........
uel consumed. . . . . ............ . . . . .... . . .

- S .t
I* a

Statement of floating equipment on the Isthmus...............
Statement of equipment owned by the Panama Railroad... ...

* a a - a a a a a a a
aWaaWW aa..a a-t
a aW - a a a a a a
a:i --r.aa .. a

Sa a -. :

APPENDIX G.

Brort of the inspector of shops,
Personnel....- .a--- ----
Total pay roll. ... ... . . ....
Total overtime.*aa. -...S..-a
Shop-expense per cent. ..... -
f3loetyMXIij a a �- - a - * �. a a a a a �r-aa
COrtobal shops.. .. . .-.-.- .--
Porto Bello, Toro Point, and
DIry-doek shops.... -- . .-. ..
Gatun shop.. . .. .. . . . . . . ..a
Gamboa shop..... .a.a...a aa
Gold Hif JJ..ll... ...- a a a a a - a a

Las Cascadas shop.... ..-- ...
Pedro Miguel shop......5.
Empire shop .-....-- ...... a

Balboa shop . .......... -
Gorgona shopa -...... -
Output and cost of iron

cas

department of construction and engineering..
ft** * a - a 5 a 5 a i� a* a a a* a a - - a - a a - a a 5 * a * a � a a a a - a a - -

spillway shops... -
spillway shops.-

.* . . . .* . . . .t . . ._ �i � . . . . . .f . ft .v iv . w iH . ir . .i .i . .� . .� . . . .
* a a a a - - a - a - a . . a a a - a a a . . . . . . a a a a * - - a a a . .a a a

a a - a - - a - a f-> at a a - - a- - -t a aa- a a a-ft a a a� a� a -_

* a a a a a a - a a a a a . . . .a . . a . . . aa a - a - a a a a a a a a - a a a a a
- a a a - - - . . f . . . . . f f f . aa a S a a a a a - a - a a a . a . a .a a - a a
S a a a a .a a .a a a a a . . a a . a a a a aaa a.a.a. a. a a-
tin� ^ < ^ - r � . - t � � � � � f , � , t � ^ , � , ^ ^ _ ,
gs . ...... . .. . . ... .. .. . .. .

Output and cost of steel castingd..
Output and coat ofi brass castings ..

laAStJ ali.L di JLo.a.... .t.. ...
Volume of work performed....
Repairs to locomotive ........
Shop and field repairs........
Repairs to equipment other tih

I* *- at a*
.. a a

a a a .

* . . . . . 1 .a . a a a - aa a a * * . . . a a. a a a a a . *
a M a t a a -� aW a aN aW aH a- a a - a> a� lw a a wW S 5- a a

-n locomotives and cars... -
an locomotives and cars.-

- - a a * f a a W a
a.. a St - � a - * -

Number of employees on pay roll.. - -.....

, -. S .at a. a a

* at-.afa f - - - a A * ...t... a
***a*a Ma ft fta atat *a* a a- a-F: t* 1 ttn. ip
** aM at t ft , at - a a* a f a at at a - A -* -* -* ai
a* :f t tft ~ ft:a W * :- - f , at ft aaia ft-:1:� *:* >

t* a 4 t a at ** a. a: - -h :* a a a a: a a* a a a
�* a* a* -* a -: ft at ft ft ft at S ft f - aH * 4: Ia ft

ftf S - t 0 t t a t - -* a . a ft a f * a -: -: a� a* -

Office engineer..... ....

xx
x xx

Page.
244
244
245
245
245
246
246
247
247
248
249
250
251
252
253

-

TABLE

OF CONTENTS.

APPENDIX I.

Report of cost-keeping accountant.........-- ......... ........ --........- -.
EXHIBIT A.-Statement of construction expenditures to June 30, 1913.

Total division cost for various units of work

EXHIBIT B
TABLE
TABLE
TABLE
TABLE
TABLE
TABLE
TABLE
TABLE
TABLE
TABLE
EXHIBIT C.
EXHIBIT D
TABLE
TABLE

.-Detailed cost per unit of work..- ..

1.-Dry excavation......
2.-Dredging excavation...
3.-Hydraulic excavation..
4.-Masonry......--........
5.-Dry filling.....-.......-
6.-Hydraulic filling. --......--
8.-Breakwaters...........-
9.-Stone production .....
10.-Sand production......
12.-Power plants.... ...

-Detailed cost to June 30, 1913
.-Performance sheets... -.......-
4.-BRock crusher...............
3.-Unloading plant.. ..--.....--.

5, 6, and 7.-Mixing plants.

TABLES 2, 7, and 8.-Placing plants a

*l a a a* - a*
*.-.a..a a

Page.
273
274

* a a S--- -�S* * S * - - -* 4 a a - a a a a

- a a a a - - *- -" - - a a a a - - -� a S w * a* a a

* ... a a a a a - a -- - a a�* I * .I| -

*l a a a1 a 5f * aB a -i - a - - a a a a a a a* - a - a a a a a aI :f

- - a a - a* ai a* - - a a - a* - a* a* - - - f - a a -* i- - a - a> a a a*�*

* - a - - - - a( -' a a a* a a a a a* - a( a a a* a - - A - a� a- 51 a�

a* - aih a aB a - -t S * - a at at at - a - ai - - r a a at a a a

a* a: a - a a a� a a - - a a a t -t t at a a* a* a ai - ak a a at
a aa aa aa aa a.. .. . - a - - a -
a a a a.aa - a aa - - aa - a aa a a

EXHIBIT E.-Administrative and general expenses.....................
EXHIBIT F.-Salary disbursements by departments and divisions .-......
EXHIBITS to report (for Table of Contents, see p. 289).... ... ...........

APPENDIX J.

Report of the chief quartermaster, in charge of quartermaster's department....

Organization....
Personnel.......
ILabor .. .. . . . .. .
Quarters........-
Zone sanitation.
Corrals.........

- - a a a a a a a a a - . . . - a - a * a - a - - a a -. a - . a - - a a . - - -. a a a a a a a a a a .
a. a a a a a a a a a a . .a a a. * a a a a a a a - - a a a a a a a . a. . a a a a a a a a a . . a a a

-I a a* af at

Building construction.
Material and supplies.
Receipts..........
Issues.... ..... ..

a . . . . . . .- a a a a - a a a a a . - - a a a aaa - a a a -a a a - a S a a a a a a a a

a a a a * - a a - a -* - - a a( * a -' a a a* a a a a a - ' * ft a a i- a a- a a a a a� a a a a. S an a
- - - a - a a - - * - * a * a a - a a a a a � -� a a aa - a� a- a a a * - -k a a a a a* a- a a* a ai a a>
a a- - a aaa- a a a a a- - S aa aa aa aa aa --a-aa-a *a--a-aa-a- a-

* a a a a - a a a a a a a - a - a a - a a a - a a a a a . a a - a a a a a 5 - a a a a

Stocks..
Operation
Scrap...
Sales....
ExHIBITrr
EXHIBIT
year. .
Exurrm R

a
1
a

of dock a . ..
of docks..a.

a a a a a a a - - a a a a - - a a a a - - a a -4
a a. a aa a. . - a a. a. . a. a

- - - a - a - a a - a- a a a * * a - - - - - aa a
- - a a a a a.a a .. . a . a a a a a a .a

- a a a a a a a a a a - - a a a a a a a a - - a a a - - a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a * a ,
1.-Force actually at work on June 30, 1913 .............a
2.-Force report, by months (including contractor's force),

a
3

* a a a a
* a a* a a *
fiscal

--Hlirh and low force records. December. 1906. to June 30. 191

* -
a3.

TABLES 1,

;r

TABLE

OF CONTENTS.

Report of the chief quartermaster, etc.-Continued.
Exrn 12-Value of material received, fiscal year,
V OouO ..... ... . . * . . .. - . *. . *. *...* ..a.
Em 18 -t-Freight statement, fiscal year ....m
nrn 14. Important items due on United Stat

flru

on requisitions of the
* C C - * C C C 4,, .5. - - - C . C -
* C * t- , - . .. C � S 0 .- - a
3s requisitions, cal

Page.

389
391

^^f' --- - *flb** at - a* C - �-�* S * * *: ** a - - - � C. a
sWT 15.-Important items of material
work, 1904, to June 80, 1913..........
xmDT 16.-Important items of material
EBxwrr 17.-Classification of material in
EXHIBITzr 18.-Values of stock on hand at
Ex nr 19.--Material returned to stock
fiscal year........ ...- . .. .. . ... .. . ...

purchased from inception of canal

l received, fiscal year.
stock at storehouses.
storehouses........ .
by departments an

dC - S 4 C - - d ain
-* * a *- S. * C: * - *- -

d divisions,

APPENDIX K.

Report of the subsistence officer in charge of subsistence department
Relative value of food consumed per meal in line hotels...... . .
Relative value of ration supplied European laborers' messes....
Relative value of ration supplied common laborers' kitchene....
Quantities and gross costs of principal articles consumed in line
taurants, messes, and kitchens..............-......... .......
Comparative statement of profits and losses of Hotel Tivoli - -..

* S-f - C C S

* ft S C ** - -

hotels, res-
hotels, res-

Quantities and gross values of principal articles consumed at Hotel Tivoli.

Profits resulting from department's o
Repairs to Hotel TivoliL.............
TABLE 1.-Statement of operations,
ltitchens-.... ..... .. -......- . .....
TABnII 2.---Statement of operations, lI
TABLE 3.-Statement of operations, I
TABLE 4.-Statement of operations, o
TABLE 5.-Statement of operations, E
TABLE 6.-Summary of operations...
TABE 7.-Smmarty of operations, H

operations. +

* - . . - es - C s a - a, as a . C - - C, a a a - * - -
line hotels, restaurants, messes, an<

C C* - S S -C C - -* S -f C C -* *- St ? a - C C -* S
ine hotels and restaurants.
Suropean laborers' messes.
ommon laborers' kitchens.
[otel Tivqli........ ...... - -

otel Tivoli.... - -.......

* a Ci Cr - - - -r - C
* - C: C ** C C - - a

k* C ** S� S C C
. . . W � * * f

- 397
. 398
. 398
. 399
. 399
d
. 400
. 402
. 404
- 406
. 407
. 408
. 409

APPENDIX L.

Report of the examiner of accounts... ........ ...... .
Canal Zone government accounts. ..............
Claims for injury and death..............
Accounting system for the permanent organization
Canal appropriations and expenditures.. ........
Tables submitted with report (for index see p. 420:

*. ...C .. - a a a . - C C-5
C S C. C C C C - - C C C C C Ci .- S C C.

- .
) .

. - C S S - . S S C C C C C -. -.SB

* t t a - ** - . a a* a a* 5( 5 0 ,kw

APPENDIX M,
Report of the disbursing officer.. ... .... ........... .. . .........
: lu~nkiii +4i n~lrraj n nn nnnnnn kttiv rt n ^/ l�rn :fhf. aA.^� Anaa.n- ^ ^ - . -_

C CC S C - .- -

J t f

TABLE

OF CONTENTS.

Report of the head of the department of civil administration-Continued.

Page.

Division of posts, customs, and
Postal service....-........
Customs service..........
Lands and buildings .-.-. .-.-
Taxes and license fees - ..
Administration of estates..
Summary of revenues and

Division of
Division of
Division of

Division of
Canal Zone
flniirtn

revenues.

- -* - - a* a - a a a
- a- ar ai af a < :- a'
-*r ji a a af a - - ar

- collections
Collections.

police and prisons ... ..
fire protection ........
public works.... .
schools. . . . . . . ....

treasury and zone funds.

- a a a - a - a -* a -

* -* a> - a - - -* a -* a

Sa a a a a a a a a.
* a a - -..-.

- a a a a a a -- a a
Sa a - a a a. a - a a * a -
a a . a a - a f af a a :

a a a - - a - - a - aR a a - - - - . - a a - . a. - -
* a a a - a a - - a a n - a a ^ - a a a a -- - a a - a-.

- a a a a a a a - a a a a a a a - a a a - a - a - a - - - a - a
a.a. - a.-a aa a . a - aa aa.a a. a a- aa a -

AppendicesA tJ - a - a - a - a - a a a a a -( a a -t ab - - - a a - a a a a a - - a -
Appendices to report (for table of contents see p

476) ... - -- . - - - - .. - .............
476 ) -J - a� a a* a * - a a| h jr a a a* a* a a*-

APPENDIX O.

Report of the head of the department of law

Prosecuting attorney's office ....
Criminal cases in the circuit
Criminal cases in the supren
Civil cases ................ .-..
In the first circuit -.. ....
In the second circuit .... . .
In the third circuit ........

courts. ..
ie court. ..

- a a- a - a a.a- a aa.a aa a -- a
a - a - - a a a a- a a a a -a -

Land matters of the commission.
Panama Railroad Co. matters . -
Circuit courts ... ... . .....

first circuit - ...
second circuit - ..
third circuit. . .. -.
second circuit. . .
third circuit.....
first circuit . . - . . -

Supreme court aa.................
Panama Railroad lands............
Panama Railroad leases in effect

a a a at a a - a - �- a a a a a a a - h a - a - a a a a a a a a 5 - a. a a a�

- - - a a - . . . a aa a a a . .a .- a a .a - a . - . . -- a a- a a a

- a * - -- a* a- a -* a a a - - a* al a a - -. a1 - a a- a* a* -- * a* a. a a - a A
a..-....a. a a a- a aa - a a -.. .. . a.a.*.a- .as ..
* - a a a a . .-....a - .a.a a... . a a a - a aa a

a a* a a a a a a a^ a a ai a* - a a *

APPENDIX

Report of the chief sanitary officer, head of the department of sanitation... ... .
Letter of transmittal. ....... ...............- .... . .......... ..... ...........
Vital statistics:
Deaths of employees of the Isthmian Canal Commission and Panama Rail-

r' odt.t . . t.. . � f i . .. .e n - . . -t - a c.. i - -* a � . t . . c i - * I - ? n. - a . . .

a a a a a a a. a

a a a* a* - a * a a a

xx4

iARI r ONTE B.

Causes and place of deaths of employees and civil population .....
Discharge anddeaths of employees in hospitals of the commission. ..
Consolidated sital report ...... . . . - . . . .-.... . . . . . .
l sick-eamp r..ort.. .. . .. .............

Conaolidated report of employees sick in quarters....-. ..... -
Consolidated hospital, sick camp, and sick-in-quarters report..........
Consolidated dispenEary report.-...................................
Average number of employees constantly sick in hospitals, sick cam
�q arters-.Q .. . . * . n . ... - . - n - meaq. - ate..,.,
uwarter- ....... ..... ........ ....** * ........................ .... ...
i; nuber of dysqrs treatment pear employee m hospitals, rock cari

tztstence and operating expenses................................
ide patients treated in hospitals, and amounts collected for their trees
Surgical operations perfIoned lmi hospitals............................
(Xprations and work performed in eye, ear, nose, and throat clinical s...
Consolidated ward laboratory report of all hospitals....................

reportt of--
Ajcon Hospita............aa...a-a......a-...a-...........a.a.aa

Colon Hospital....- .......
Otlebra :Hopital....... .
Palo Seco Leper Aylum. ..-
Taboga Sanitarium.........
Santo Tomas Hospital......
* A ' * y

Board of Health Laborator
Issuesof quinine.........
animation:
P~fla~mI~ta9 a a a. sa a a *si. ate a a-*
Colon (including Cristobal,
(aal Zone...............--
Quarantine service:
Panama-Ancon and Colon-(
Bocas Del Tom........
Persoannel report...............
Hospital-eases of malaria amonig

S.

..... a
. . . - s.
. Ce-s

--.....
ps, and

tps, and

atment.

.* -a .a. C

......* a

- - - - - - - ..S 5....a* * . S
.*-- a a a a a a - - - ** t W ** *~ a* at at 5*s
S * tt lt * S * 5i - S - S - *- S - ai ai a* a - * *k *S

* a a - - - - -
* a a* * a* S C - -

g....
T a em.
Sea.*

- - a a a a - � .

- a a - - a a a - - 5-.

a..---
* 5.* SS S

Mount Hope, Toro Point, and Margarita Point).

.ristobal.

* aaa**aA a

S- employees. .
emp~hln'royeu .

a ---..- .aa ....a.a.... 553
.... a. a.............. 553

APPENDIX

Report of the superintendent
Change in buildingss. - -
ma
Memberlp . b i a . d n p
nt erGtmimentI e... .... a a .
Bowling, billiards, and p

of club houses.
* . a a a a . - - a - a a a

* a M: m a a a .
oo1 - - a Ss.

hysial work and athletics...,.

e o work....... ........

S a S Sa * * a a a C . .

* w *
a-a .
ma. .

S* S - *- *I S * aI a* a a
a sssa -* a- - :- ar* * k

- a a a a - - - . a S a

.. 555
.. 555

.. 556

.. 557
a, 557

xV

Page.
534
537
541
542
542
542
543

543

544
544
545
545
546
547

547
548
549
549
550
550
551

552

552
552
553

TABLE

01 COONTETS.

APPENDIX

Report of the general purchasing officer and chief of the Washington of.e....

APPENDIX

Report of the geologist (for table of contents see p. 585).........

APPENDIX

Tables showing increases in salaries and personnel.

Department of
Department of
Department of
Quartermaster'
Department of
Department of

construction and engineering
civil administration. .....--------..
sanitation ..... - . . . . ....
s department ....... ..-.. .-..
disbursements ... .-. .-. -. . ...
law. .. . . .. .- -. .- .- .- .- -

* ... . - - St - * - . * -�
S S S S C . S - - - S S S S a a - S
- CS..,, * . . .-, . . S.

* 5 * S S - a . - . - S S S S - * * S S S S . *. . S .

Washington office..........

APPENDIX

Acts of Congress affecting the Isthmian Canal and Executive orders relating
to the Canal Zone (for index see p. 605)...................................

APPENDIX

Charts showing organization of the Isthmian Canal Commission and Panama
HilroadCo., July, 1913 (for index see p. 633)...........................-

Pg1

LST

OF

ILLUSTRATIONS

Frontispiece: Map showing Isthmus with completed caaL

APPENDIX

[Report of the assistant chief engineer Au charge of rst division of the office of the chief engineer.

Gatun lower Icks.

Lowe gard gates, west chamber, ready for entrance of

Atlantic Ocean water.

June 14

1913.

2. Gatun lower locks.

North entrane to west chamber, showing sea gates

under full pressure, keeping locks free from water.

3. (atun lIwer locks.
Juliy 2, 1913.

June, 1913.

Looking north, showing west sea gates underpressure.

4. Miter gate recess cover.
t. Hydroelectric plant, Gatun.
From west wall of tairace, t

t Gatun upper locks.

Final test

lock, and wicket girders bei

General view of location and status of work.
Qoking southeast. June 27, 1913.
of east emergency dam. Dam swung across
ng lowered. May 20j, 1913.

7. Gatun upper locks,.

Final test of east emergency dam.

lock, and third horizontal tier of gates being lowered.

8. Gatun upper locks.
position across lock.
9. Gatun upper locks.
TiwA 20, 191$.

Final test of east emergency dam
May 20, 1913.

Dam swung across
May 20, 1913.
. Dam in. closed

East emergency dam in act of swinging across lock.

10. Pedro Miguel Lock,
top chord. May 2

E~e emergency dam.
1, 1913.

Driving pin for eye bar of

It. Special milling machine (for correcting fixed irons of rising stem valves.
Miafiores lower lock, east wall, looking upstream.

12. High tension oil switch group, transformer room equipment.
Lock.
IS, Lw-tenpion switchboard, transformer room equipment. ]
lock.

Pedro Miguel

!iraflores lower

14. Cylindrical

upper

yvave machine

locks,

Mirafores.

No. 717, and control
Chamber walls, floor

panel
and

Middle wall,

panel

partially

June 20 1918&

A Rang Tow No. 1, atu. LSke sectjon, showing subrmiepe foundation.
10. Range Tower No. 18, (Gatu Lake mention.

Beacon No. 5, Pacific division.

Typili concrete beat wv ing limits

aS l a l - --at I.._- _ . f. I. - _.-..1

I A.

PLArT

XVIIIm

PLATE 80.

LIST

Chain fender for locks.

OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

. General assembly of fenders in lower approach at

Miraflores Locks.

Lock entrance caisson.
Lock entrance caisson.

line No.

General drawing.
Typical cross frames, and cross frames at center

6 and No.

Upper guard valves.
Upper guard valves.

85. Towing tests.

Machinery for all locks.
Machinery for all locks.

Limon Bay

Assembly.
Assembly.

April and May, 1913.

Typical sketch of erection tracks for emergency dam, all locks.

Lighting and buoying canal.
vation and section.

West breakwater light and tog signal, ele-

APPENDIX

[Report of the division engineer, Atlantic division.

PLATE 19.

Gatun lower locks, north end.

from top of slide.
20. Gatun lower locks.

January

The slide in the east bank, looking west

1913.

Placing iron girders on north approach wall.

May

23, 1913.
Gatun lower lo
Gatun locks.

cks.

Interior view of north approach wall.

North approach wall, looking northwest.

May 26, 1913.

Dredge grounded

55 feet below sea level.

June 14, 1913.

Gatun Locks, looking north, showing intermediate and lower locks.

25, 1913.
Sea-level section

June

, north of Gatun Locks, showing causeway for track lead-

ing to dam.

Atlantic entrance in the distance.

July 18, 1913.

Gatun Locks, looking south, showing emergency dams and lake.

June 20,

1913.

26. Gatun Dam and lake approach to locks.

View from water tower, looking

west.

July 13,

Gatun Dam.
Gatun Dam.

1913.

General view from west hill.

Paving lake slope.

July

May 26, 1913.

1913.

Gatun Spillway Dam, showing all crest gates in position,

through temporary openings.
Toro Point Breakwater. View

water running

June, 1913.
from lighthouse, showing derrick barges,

placing armor rock from Porto Bello.

July 12,

1913.

Toro Point Breakwater.

View from station 3500, looking toward shore.

Breakwater practically completed to this point.

July 12,

1913.

Following plates, 88 to 92, in portfolio.

88. General map of territory between Caribbean Sea and Gatun Lake.

Plan showing methods of construction,
General plan of Gatun Locks and Dam.
Sections of Gatun Dam.

north end of Gatun Locks.

St_ - - . .P fl -A - Tr

* S -�

-. fhq af

� - - ****-.- -.--- -- - �.. n- t& th e * ** j I *tB * !.J

a' C

K ^ ^ /:
K K ^-^^ .K'^ '^S...^^ ...^^^..... .K^ i^atHK .^*uujj.uuj.jj.: K ^^^.^..........^. .........KK .........^....... aA^^ .Jf|^^^---jj^fa-. ^ .Jj.u^uJ.....J^. _^^;i: :4^^: J^^k j^&fafr.
-�-*-�-fc-j A. ^LJFJJ ..a.... * .j g.-.j- ILJ kj _j. _xJ�4C*. JL *LV^ i&^l kJ"itiCT p^- *twff'8 TTiT'lrN^1!*^^1^ ^!^!!
IHHHHMM:fHMH IR^MR' WMW Tl" ^^^Pv *ll^^^m--^^'^^Jl" ' *^^^' ^*^^ *"JT"T'.I^TT--^'-^^^-!J^"- ^""^"� ^f�w- T^^T ^^^T 11 ?* ^*r IR

PLATE

Following plates, 93 to 96, in portfolio.

Diagram of yardage and rainfall,
Diagram of performanceof steam
Profile and yardage estimate.
Plan of Balboa dumps and Naos
permanent townsites and propc

central division. -
shovels, central division.

Island breakwater, showing location of
'sed shops, dry docks, etc.

APPENDIX D.
[Report of the resident engineer, fifth division
PATE 47 Bird's-ejre view Pedro Miguel Locks. June, 1913.
48. North guide wall and west dam, Pedro Miguel. June, 1913.
49. Mirafloree lower locks. View looking north from west bank, showing
,nnnapl nl",rs thiaato.nnm Anrl a 101$l

35. Culebra Cut, Cllebra. Completion of bottom pioneer cut, steam shovels
Na, 280 ard 222 meeting at grade, looking north from west bank. May

36, Culebra Cut. Looking north from one-quarter mile south of Suspension
�Bridge at Empire. Cut completed at bridge. All tracks on completed
bottom of canal. June 16, 1913.
87. Culebra Cut, Empire. Looking north from Suspension Bridge, showing
cut completed, except toe of slide on right. Drainage ditch is below
bottom of canal. June 16, 1913.
38. Oulebra Out, Empire. Looking south from Suspension Bridge, showing
terracing on upper levels of east bank to prevent slides. Lower shovels
are working on bottomef canal. June 16, 1913.
39. Oulebra Cut, Oulebra. Deepest excavated portion of Panama Canal, show-
ing Gold Hill on the right and Contractors Hill on the left. June, 1913.
40. Culebra Cut, Las Cascadas. Looking north from east bank. June, 1913.
41. Culebra Cut, Empire. Break in east bank at La Pita (station 1651), tak-
ing in Obispo Diversion Channel, looking north. August 21, 1912.
42. Culebra Cut, Culebra. Break in east bank between stations 1746-1758.
Steam shovel No. 201 in midst of upheaved material and displaced
tracks, looking south. February 6, 1913.
48. Culebra Cut, Culebra. Break in the east bank between stations 1746-
1758. Top view of rear portion of slide, looking north. February 6,
1913.
44. Oulebra Cut, Culebra. Bottom of canal, steam shovel No. 260 overturned
by slide from east slope. June 12, 1913.
45. Culebra Out, Culebra. Looking north from west bank, south of Contrac-
tors Hill, showing shovel No. 256 caught in Cucaracha Slide. February
7, 1913.
46. Dump in Pacific Ocean, at Balboa, made from material taken from Culebra
Cut.

LIST

O ILLUSTRATIONS.

Following plates 97 to 10Q in portfolio.

PLATE 97.

Concrete progress sheet.

Pedro Miguel Locke.

Diagram showing monthly progress of sinking caissons.
north approach wall Miraflores Lock.

Concrete progress sheet.

Foundation of

Miraflores Locks.

100. Performance of

plant.

Concrete

placed

Miraforea

Pedro

Miguel locks and dams.

June 30, 1913.

Performance of chamber cranes at Miraflores and Pedro Miguel Locks, to

Junme 30, 1913.
Map showing conditions as of June 30, 1913.

Fifth division.

APPENDIX F.
[Report of the assistant to the chief engineer in charge of second division of the office of the chief engineer.]

PLATE 55.

General

view

of excavation

for dry-dock approach and

coaling plant,

Balboa.

56. Balboa new shops.

Planing mill looking east,

showing operating tunnel

in foreground.

June 16, 1913.

Balboa new shops. Patt
crane running at right.

ern storage, looking northwest.

Planing mill at left.

June 17

Foundry yard
1913.

58. Operating tunnel, Balboa shops, for pipes and cables, showing how joints
in adjoining sections are made water tight by means of yellow metal
strips.
59. Forty-five-ton steam shovel on skids, rigged up to excavate for conduit

tunnel, Balboa shops,

"moving up.

60. Reinforced concrete caissons for Pier No. 1

, Balboa, taken from inshore

end, looking toward canal.
Sinking reinforced concrete caissous for wharf at Balboa by weighting
them with concrete and cast-iron blocks.

Following plates 103 to

, in portfolio.

Chart showing excavation and expenditures.

104. Balboa terminal docks.
105. Balboa terminal docks.
106. Balboa terminal docks.
107. Balboa terminal docks.

Manufacturing and sinking of caissons.
Standard section of concrete pier shell.
Bottom section of concrete pier shell.
Plant for manufacturing pier shells.

108. Annual rainfall along canal location, years 1911,1912, and station averages.

109. Wind roses, year 1912.
110. Hydrograph of Gatun Lake.
of sluice gates.
111. Hydrograph of Gatun Lake.

of sluice gates.
112. Chagres drainage basin.
113. Chagres drainage basin.
114. Chagres drainage basin.

115 'hasrns drainage basin.

July to December, 1912,

January to June, 1913,

showing regulation

showing regulation

Mass curves of net yield at Alhajuela.
Mass curves of net yield at Gamboa.
Mass curves of net yield at Gatun.

Curve of discharge duration.

aleniahlA

1912.

- J ..--

LIST

OF ILLUSTRATIONS

APPENDIX H.

eprt of th engine of the Panam Railroad relocation. )

rin 862. Gin River Bascue Bridge No. 140, looking east.

Lift span just starting

to op~en.
a Automatic signal No. 1054, looking north.
84. Automatic signals Nos. 654 and 655, at north end of Gatun passing track,
looking south.

APPENDIX S.
[Report of geologist]
PRA 65. Hill type of topography, looking southward from Zion Hill, Culebra.
s66. Hill type of topography, looking northward from Zion Hill, Culebra.
67. Coastal plain type of topography.
68. Geological section across the Isthmus.
69. Generalized section-Canal Zone formations.
70. Shows character of volcanic agglomerate.
71. Bedded rocks of Culebra formation.
72. Basalt dike cutting Oucaracha formation, in Culebra Cut.
S73. Emperador limestone beds, near Las Cascadas.
74. Ancon Hill and quarry.
75. Gold Hill, showing northern fault contact.
76. Contractors Hill, showing fault contact.
77. Fault on west side of Culebra Out south of Las Cascadas.

Plate in portfolio.

PLATE 123.

Geological cross sections of Culebra Out showing sliding ground.

APPENDIX V.
[Charts showing organization of Isthmian Canal Commission and Panama Railroad Co., July, 1913.]
PATE 124. Geeral organization of the Isthmian Canal Commission.
lthmian offices.

PMTN 125.

Office lrce of chairman and chief engineer, assistant chief engineer, and
assistant to the chief engineer.

126. First dilhion of chief engineer's office.
127. Second division of chief engineer's office.
128. Central di& vision.
129. Atlantic diliion.
130. Fifth divisan of chief engineer's office.

Sixth divisn of chief engineer's office, and secretary of the commission.

132. Mechanical vision.
l8t Chief ouarteinaster.

*4

; In

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

ISTHMIAN

CANAL

COMMISSION.

ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION,
OmICE OF THE CHAIRMAN,

Ctlebr; Canal Zone, September

1913.

Sin: I have the honor to submit the annual report for the Isthmian
Canal Commission for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1913.

ORGANIZATION.

The

organization

continued

as outlined

in previous

annual

port, with
Williamson,

but

mnor

division

Changes,
engineer

until

January
Pacific

1915.

division,

Mr. S. B.
concluding

that the work of his division had advanced

to such a state that the

comxnasson

was not warranted in continuing

his position,

tendered

bi resignation, elective Decemrber

1912; and it was reluctantly

acte Pacifictd.
tAe Pacific

This action necessitated a reorgamnization of the

side.

That part

relating

terminalI

work on
s. which

d"ing the previous fscal year had been assigned to the Pacific divi-
dJ g prv' fi J-I l jl yea I _ H adtT iI'1 > T

was transferred

the second

division,

which

had

charge

preparing the designs for the shops, dry docks, and coaling stations.
T looks, daxn% spiUway, dry excavation between and below the
loch, theI uary, a>d the uiipal engineering work was organized

into te

Ath. di o of the eer s office and placed in

charge of Mr. H.

0oe as resident engineer.

Th

the operation for the procurement of sand were
"ith division of the chief engineer's ofie, under Mr.

...... Ix r1

dredging and
constituted the
W. G. Comber

ient engineer.

KS ",, " !' "!! ,fi
K K -K % X

.:...= I. . "

., -

REPORT ISTHMIAN

OANAL

COMMISSION.

obtained

from

this consolidation

were

so satisfactory

as to

lead

conclusion

would

result

that economy

consolidating

, without any

impairment of

timekeeping under

accuracy,
one head.

Accordingly this was done gradually under the examiner of accounts,

in order

this

kind

division,

that
for

might
the

was combined,

It be properly st
departments and

arted,

and

divisions,

when
except

work

t

the timekeeping force was turned

he central
over as a

part of the organization of the fourth division of the chief engineer'

office on July

1, 1913.

For similar reasons the cost keeping that had formerly been

done

various

under the chief

divisions

work

accountant, so that at

was

gradually

the close of the

consolidated

year

he had

charge

work

this character,

with

the exception

of that of

the central and mechanical divisions.
An architectural force was organized

under

Mr. Austin

W. Lord,

architect,
building,

, July

1912

a general

sch

to draw
eme for

the plans of the
establishment of

administration

new

town

that is to be created at Balboa, near the Pacific entrance of the canal,

and

prepare designs

for the houses for the

permanent operating

force.

When it

was

finally

decided

turn

water

into

Culebra

Cut

in October,
dredges, all

1913,
the d

and

redging

complete

on the

Isthmus

remaining

was

excavation

combined

under

head,
could

with

dredging

a view

used
work

organizing the

best

under

advantage.

Atlantic

work

so that

Effective

division

was

May

equipment

, 1913,

transferred

sixth division of the chief engineer's

office

, thus consolidating it with

dredging

organization

Pacific

side.

this

same

date

the dry-dock shops at Cristobal
division.

were

transferred

the mechanical

Effective

May

, 1913,

a change

was

made

offices

examiner of accounts and the disbursing officer by which the system

formerly in

vogue of separate checking of vouchers and pay rolls in

each

office

was

eliminated,

thereby

conforming to

provisions of

the act of August 23,

1912, making appropriations for the legislative,

executive, and

judicial

~J! nnnr~w~nfc. IC, flj"Vfl7

expenses of the Government.

t~d A nac.naniA hi0 l~ni' I-ha nnniironr

The examiner
fnf f1-h aoomn11n+

nnl .. o-, ,o h ^jcT'/'i ?'!I

REPORT OF

CHAIRMAN

AND

CHIEF

xxxx xxx xxx x^ x x xxx x xx xx xxx .,xxxx x xxiJa

ENGINEER.

scores; the design and construction of aids to navigation; the inspec-

tion

of the manufacture

and

erection,

under contract or otherwise,

of the lock gates, operating machinery, gates and valves, emergency
dams, and chain fenders; and of the placing of such concrete in the
locks as was omitted until the installation of the machinery.

he designing work

for the

locks,

including

detail

drawings

needed by the working force in the field, as well as for the spillways,

approach

piers, and

wing walls,

was completed.

After performing

some

work for the second division

on the coaling plants and

canal

terminals,

force

charge

these

designs

was

disbanded

June

1, 1918.

The complete installation for a set of rising stem

valves requires

setting the valves, placing the stems, roller trains, crossheads, motors,

and control panels.

It developed that the fixed ironwork for

guid-

ing the valves

and

for forming the

water

seals required

correction

before installation could be begun.

all but two at Pedro

and

grinding

with

For all the valves at Gatun and

Miguel the corrections were made by

pneumatic

hand

tools;

two

chipping
at Pedro

Miguel and all the valves at Miraflores it was done by a specially de-
signed milling machine. Ninety-four per cent of the fixed irons had

been corrected at the close of the year.

During the year

102 rising

stemn

valve

chambers

were

prepared,

including

Gatun,

Pedro Miguel, and 24 at Miraflores, and 104

valves, including trains

and

sealing

devices,

were

placed

in position

in the

locks.

Of this

latter number,
i iraflores.

were

Gatun,

Pedro

Miguel,

and

Tesis were made,

with satisfactory results, on 39 rising stem gate-

valve machines at Gatun, 20 at

Al machines
latter consists

were given a

Pedro

preliminary

cycles

made

Miguel,
and an

and 8

at Miraflores.

acceptance

five-minute

tedt,

intervals.
1 J
T~~r~r"iQ %

the
The

t st crew must run silently; the temperature of the crosshead nluts
mst not exceed 500,0., and no heavy vibration is permissible

Six side-wall intake

screens were

placed

Gatun

and

bulk-

hoads
outlet.
p-aed

center-wall

intakes

were

removed

and

placed

At Gatun the four lower side-wall bulkhead gates were also

S"^ .. .^ -m*i' �- �r ** *.

REPORT ISTHMIAN

GANAL COMMISSION.

excepting the motors, limit switch, counterweight bases, and counter

weights, and

50 per cent of the machines were delivered

before

close of the year.
The last of the cylindrical
tract was delivered January

valve
15, 19

machines

13.

purchased

The mechanical

under con-
installation

of the

cylindrical

valves

was completed

June

, 1918,

and

electrical work of installing control panels and cables with necessary
conduits for these machines was 41.6 per cent complete for all locks.
As the result of tests made to determine the leakage of the cylindrical

valves

it was decided to regrind all valves so as to allow a maximum

average opening around the seat of 0.004 of an inch.

The operating

machinery is the same for both cylindrical valve and auxiliary culvert
valve machines, except that 60-inch and 36-inch strokes are required

60-inch

and

36-inch

auxiliary

culvert

valves,

respectively,

instead

made

32-inch

determine

stroke of the
time required

cylindrical

open

valve.

Tests

various

were

types

valves,

with the result that the cylindrical valves required 10 seconds,

the 60-inch auxiliary culvert valve 16 seconds, and the 36-inch auxil-
iary valve 10 seconds.
Tests of discharge were made on the cylindrical valve and the three

rising stem gate

valves in the spillway.

The first series of observa-

tions,

with heads

varying from

8.94

feet

above

center of

the valve, gave values of the coefficient of discharge for the cylindri-
cal valve of 0.445 as the mean of three observations, and for the gate

valves of 0.592

as the mean of six observations.

These observations

were complicated by the screens at the culvert entrances, which became

clogged

with

dirt and

debris.

After the screens

had

been

removed

considerably

increased

coefficient

discharge

resulted

rising stem valves; the a
head of 29.81 feet above
of the coefficient of 0.68.

average of

58 observations,

the middle point
It is probable

with an average

of the valve, gave a
that a less favorable

value
value

will be obtained in operating the lock culverts on account of the fric-
tion and changes of direction in the stream after it passes the valve.
The cylindrical valve was removed before the later and more reliable
observations were made.

During the year, 14 gates and 1

caisson for the spillway at Gatun

a: .- -.--r _ !_- Jttn 1,.. A .^4 ii 'n I4ir1 annt> n, a- w.^-r aHr-v~' an/'�/ nnttuikrfj a

i

REPORT

OF CHAIRMAN

AND

CHIEF

ENGINEER.

The device for shifting the gate upstream a slight distance after it is
clear of the water and the mechanism for raising the roller train out

of the water
properly. At
started on 12

aftei
the

of the

pressure

close of the

on the

year the

14 machines at

gate

is relieved

mechanical

Gatun and

work

operated
had been

per cent of the

mechanical work on all machines was completed.
The construction and erection of the lock gates was continued dur-

ing the

year under contract

with

the McClintic-Marshall

Construe-

thi on dated June 21, 1910.

All shop drawings were completed, as

was the manufacture of all material for the gates, aggregating 57,500

tons; the final shipment was made in April.

In addition, about 2,100

tos of structural work for spare parts were built and delivered on the
Ithmus, completing this part of the contract with the exception of a

few

castings,

bolts, and rivets.

The spare

parts comprise

sufficient

material for partly

or completely rebuilding any two-gate leaves on

thecanal in case of accidental injury.

The work of erecting the lock

gates proper began at Gatun May 17, 1911, at Pedro Miguel Au
7, 1911, and the Srst work at Miraflores was done on September
1919. At the beginning of the fiscal year work was in progress

-o -o -/ .- -- - - 1~~ --- - �-

rJ,��

uist
10,
Ion

half the total number in all the locks, but none of them had been en-

timely

completed.

The

total

amount

steel

assembled

was

only

19,881 tons or about 84 per cent of the total, and much of this was only

partly reamed

and

riveted.

The

total

number

field

rivets

about 963,00, or about 18 per cent of a total of over 5,700,000.

was
The

work

had

been

allowed

drag

so that

task

completing it

within a reasonable time seemed hopeless.

T

upona change in their local management and

'he contractors decided
, beginning about Sep-

tembher

installed

much

additional

machinery,

largely

increased

their force,
l eirBI^! Ti~~t

and arranged for more efficient supervision.

Within

e oths the improvements in the organization became manifest;

a high degree of efficiency was reached,

with a correspondingly large

increase

work done.

Some idea of the improvement may be

judged from the fact that during the month

of 60,000 rivets were driven,

of March a maximum

while the highest number driven in any

one month

prior to

September

, 1919,

was

213,000.

June

1913 over 97 per cent of all material was assembled in the gates. All
44IAC Ud m7 I ;I1 X *h0~l road nchan of. Alfl/-nfnn <30~A +~~ltnC~ nor4 nlr.nrka n+~S^

r�

(6 REPORT ISTHMIAN

1913; the latter sustain the maxin
without appreciable leakage.

CANAL COMMISSION.

mum working head of about 40 feet

supplemental

contract

was

entered

into

with

contractors

under date

January

1913,

by which

certain restrictions

gov-

erring payments were modified, as the original provisions proved to

unnecessarily

severe

and

was

clear

that

a more

speedy

cornm-

pletion

would

for successive

assured

partial

relaxing.

payments on

each

The
gate

modification

when

provides

assembling,

riveting, finishing, and

painting have

been

completed

and

accepted.

further supplemental agreement was signed May 20, 1913,

which

gave

an extension

of time

completing the gates.

A number

delays occurred for which

according to the terms of the contract, the

contractors

could

to shipwrecks

slon.

and

held

strikes

responsible.

as well

as delays

The rate under which the liquidated

These
caused

vere

in part due

by the

damages are to

commis-
be corn-

puted
were

was

increased,

fixed

while

completion

on the other hand, new

several

gates.

and later dates

June

, 1913,

was the date fixed for the upper guard gates at

Pedro

Miguel, and

June
Pedro
lower

1913

the guard

Miguel

and

guard gates

and

gates at the lower approaches to

upper

approach

at Miraflores are

other

gates

necessary

) Miraflores
finished by
o permit ft

Gatun

Locks.

and
The

September

lockage

vessel

through one side of each flight,

from ocean to ocean, must be

completed
completion
for Gatun

later

than

October

remaining

and

Pedro

Miguel,

1913

gates

and

while

is fixed

March

date

at January

, 1914,

final

, 1914,

Miraflores.

From

progress

being made

by the contractors

these

dates

be anticipated unless some unforeseen contingency should arise.

total
float

weight of

switches,

the castings

gates

motors

and

on the canal,

conduits,

excluding pumps, floats

and

other

electrical

for attaching the operating struts, and

will
The
and

apparatus,
miter fore-

ing machines,
be embedded

57,552

tons.

The

the masonry were in

castings

part

and

structural

furnished

parts

under the con-

tract

for the

lock gates and

were erected

by the commission in con-

nection

with

concrete

construction.

The

total

amount

thus

expended is $4,820,019.32, of which $4,065,39Z.01

was paid

under the

contract

'a.) '..r

balance

inspection

and

. ..... . .

457$ 627 31

and

was

~xt,

REPORT OF CHAIRMAN

AND

CHIEF

ENGINEER.

The miter

upper

gate-moving machines

guard

chinery ox July

so that

when

gates at G
11, 1912.
strut arm

the gates were closed
offtve-thirty-seconds

seconds

inch.

The

with a
inch a

limit

atun

The
was

had

and a

been

installed

test was made

gate-moving machine

I

at dead.

compression

mnd

switches

Sthe
were

traveled from its full miter position

recess, at which

gates

were

position in t
one leaf was

started

point the machine

from

recess

1 minute

a miter

and
and

again
51s

center

on the

complete on
of this ma-
vas adjusted

crank

of the strut

other

leaf

adjusted

gear
leaf

nine-thirty-

so that

the opposite position in

was again

position
closed.

seconds

an

and
The
d fo

on dead

opened
time of
r the ot

center.

their

operation

her

gate

the
The

hull
of

minute

and 50% seconds.

The operation was completed a second time.

Dur-

ing both operations the mitering of the leaves was perfect.

The gates

also

had

installed

a miter-forcing

machine

which

had

been

pur-

chased under contract, and this was tested out on the same date, under

approximately actual operating conditions.

One leaf was left in its

closed

position and

other

opened

a distance

2 inches.

The

miter-forcing machine wa

then operated and it brought the gate to

within

three-fourths

inch

of perfect miter.

Another trial,

with an

opening of8 inches, brought the gate to a point five-eighths inch from

miter.
against

During these tests the miter-forcing machine was operating

resistance

imposed

strut.

result

test several changes were made and the option under the contract of
purchasing the remainder of the miter-forcing machines required for
all the locks was allowed to lapse and new proposals invited. Under
the new contract all the machines required have been delivered. The

work

of installation,

however,

was

delayed

on account of noncom-

pletion of the work on the structural gate parts.

account of the studies

made

determine

most

desirable

type of

chain fender,

together with

elected for the construction

of a

trial

a description

unit,

of the

was given in

design se-
the annual

report

1911.

Under the

contract

entered

into

on November

t911, all material for the trial fender was delivered on

the Isthmus

December,

1912.

The erection

was

begun about January

1 and

practically

completed

March

1913.

During

months

March and Anril a number of tests were made.

The first series con-

^

j

REPORT ISTHMIAN

CANAL OOMMISSIO.

entirely within

the chases

in the

walls.

A second

series of

experi-

ments was made by use of a Lidgerwood unloader to test the opera-

tion
will
such

of the
prevail

fender under conditions somewhat similar to those that

when

circumstances

chain

the chain

is struck

will

a moving vessel.

gradually pay

Under

, touching the

curved

surface of

hawsepipe

castings

in the

walls,

over a con-

stantly increasing arc of contact.

The movement will be resisted in

part by the friction of the chain along the hawsepipes, in part by the

internal

friction

machinery,

mainly

by the

hydrostatic

pressure which acts against the upper surface of the moving cylinder.

final

tests made

the maximum

pressure

reached

630 pounds

per square inch,

when the chain

parted near or on one of the lower

sheaves.

This pressure corresponded to a stress on the chain of less

than one-half the breaking strength obtained in the shop tests.

The

result

obtained

seem

warrant

belief that a

vessel,

unless of

very gr
stopped

at size
without

or moving
breaking

excessive
chain, pi

speed,
ovided

can
the

be cl
latter

decked

is struc-

turally sound.

The great tidal range below

Miraflores locks made a

modified

design

necessary.

The

same

system

cylinders

is used

and

machinery

chain is stretched

in all

parts

across the lock

al

is practically ti
; either of two

e same, DUt me
levels, according

to the stage of the tide.

The chain is endless and

, by a stop mecha-

nism
The

, may
chain

operated

that

passes

electrically

through

from

either

central

hawsepipe

control

is connected

house.

with

the operating machinery and is raised or lowered, that which passes
through the other hawsepipe remaining at rest.

Plans

and

specifications

floating

caissons,

referred

previous annual reports,

were completed and invitation for proposals

issued
upper
them,

on May

and
and

lower
will c

pumping

1913.

entrances

.ontain
locks.

The caissons

lock

a pumping

They

will

used

chambers

plant

are ship

closing

when

sufficient

caissons,

with

unwatering

capacity'

vertical

ends

and curved surfaces throughout.

Their extreme length is 113 feet 10

inches

molded breadth 36 feet

, breadth of the top deck 18 feet, and

depth at the side 65

feet.

With fixed ballast only,

the caissons will

float at a draft of 32 feet,

which

will be increased to a maximum of

feet bv flooding them

wh~nm

ht ey are

nut in

ulace on

e ht deepest

. . a. LJLJ V--- .s ,a * ara ,^ 9 'iN� w* .*r-l a^ a^rt -- - V - W �'* *'-- - r -v -- -. r -- Wf-.T-

e

. ,-

ADA A NA
&

REPORT

CHAIRMAN

AND

CHIEF

ENGINEER.

The pum ps and

ventilating fan

will be electrically driven,

while the

cranes and windlasses will be operated by hand.
All the remaining parts of the towing track material to be furnished
under contract were delivered on the Isthmus before the close of the

The

linear fee

distribute

installation

total

and
of

I

delivered aggregated

at th. close of the

with

concrete,

treay to

most of the return

year 36,908

11,168

linear
linear

md
be

track has been

feet
feet

ha
ha'

concreted

performed

53,950
d been
d been
. The
by the

Atlantic and Pacife divisions during their construction

Bids were invited

for towing

locomotives

on design

work.

prepared

the electrical subdivision, and a contract was entered into for furnish-
ing 1 locomotive with the option of purchasing 39 more, or of substi-
tuting for this locomotive one built according to the design submitted

successful

bidder.

The

locomotive

was

delivered

Isthmus January 25, 1913, and ready for operation February 7, after

which it was tested.

The result of the test developed defects, so that

chang and improvements were necessary in order to fulfill the con-

editions

required.

While

contract

provided

making

minor

changes if found necessary, the changes and improvements which it

was

decided

should

made

in order

make

machine

satis-

factory

could not be classed

as minor ones.

As a result, advantage

was taken of the option in the contract and an order was placed for

the required number of locomotives on

the design submitted

by the

General Electric Co., abandoning the design of the commission.
A series of tests was made in Limon Bay on ships of the Panama
Railroad flet, at various speeds and rates of acceleration, to serve as

a check on the basis used for the design

of the

towing locomotives.

The size of the ships ranged from 3,500 tons to 10,400 tons displace-

mentat actual draft at the time of the tests.

A tug was used

which

could exert a maximum

pull

standstill

about

15,000

pounds.

A manila towrope of 7-inch girth indicated a pull on a dynamometer
coisisting of spiral springs working between circular end plates with

a steel sale for indicating the compression of the springs.

was made

from

rest,

position

alongside

dock,

The start

and

ship

accelerated to the desired speed as quickly

permitted.

as the power of the tug

year.

amount

t and

complete

bolted

approximately

aligned and

The speed was then held constant until a sufficient num-

REPORT ISTHMIAI

CAN1tAL

COMMISSION.

remainder,

cable.

delivered

977,510

About

complete.

feet,

rubber-covered

cent

total

total

double-braided

amount

wire

required

feet of lead-sheathed

and
been
cable

been

pulled

into

ducts,

ducts has been rodded and

and

a large

cleaned and is wired

part of the

with fish

remaining
wires for

pulling in the remainder of the cable as needed.

All cable is pulled

in ducts

a special

winch

made

on the

Isthmus

and

driven

small motor.
the rate of 70

The cable is greased
feet per minute. A

and

few

pulled through

the ducts at

lengths as long as 900

feet

where
S
strain
large

duct

on the
number

conditions

cable

were

favorable,

or appreciable

observations

were

were

pulled

abrasion

taken

without

lead

determine

undue

sheath.

amount

of pull for various lengths and combinations of different cables.

During

year

control

scheme

various

locks

was

completed and

contemplates the control

of every piece of machinery

the lock walls from

of the

upper

locks

a central station

where

situated

an uninterrupted

view

on the center wall
of the entire lock

or flight of
switchboard
mechanism.

locks

may

connected with

had.

every

this

house

local control

The switchboard is so arranged

located

a control

panel and indicating

that the

indicator and

control
relative

switch o:
position

each

gate or valve

other

indicators

machine

and

is placed

control

in the same

switches

as that

occupied

by the actual machines, so

that by means of red and green

lights and small models of gates and valves operated by synchronous

transmitting

mechanisms

a glance

switchboard
shipped by

indications.

operator

condition

in any

is expected

in the

part
that

control

of the

first

tower

locks

board

is able

from

will

August

The general features of the illumination of the locks were described

last

bracket

arms

annual

and

report.
reflectors

hollow

was

concrete

designed

pole

with

architect

concrete
for sup-

porting the lamps for exterior illumination of the locks and grounds.

The

center-wall

poles

carry

a single

bracket

and

lamp

projecting

toward

chamber,

and

side-wall

poles

carry

double

bracket

lamps, so as to give a broad illumination over the lock chambers and

the ground surrounding the locks.

The poles are arranged in 4 rows

nlninn. 4-be

- V. . 1 .

^.� t-L.

I a-. rt%1-. I

h US ~ aruc*L~ I y~y il *L* EI *I*u * *3S.Sl * Etl''K K

.t"

rtn aaot

wll anti 9

462,729

Qirlo

k

*w-

the end of the 'rear. The erection of the penstocks is comniete snd

is dependent

set.

upon the

The

completion

balance of the work of installation-
baNl~ancef 1vthe 'woprko in' stallation

of the

building

housing the

elet"iel equipment.
Du the year it was decided to install for the transmission line
Sovehead system of 44,000 volts, extending from Balboa to Cris-
ba and connecting the Gatun hydroelectric power station with

the prese
operatedS

Miraflores

separately

steam

power

or in parallel,

station,

so that

as necessary.

Four

they

may

substations

are provided, and located at Cristobal, Gatun, Miraflores, and Balboa.
The complete line consists of duplicate three-phase lines, one of which
is carried on each side of track-span bridges spaced 300 feet apart on

tangents

and

feet

on curves

along

whole

length

Panama Railroad.

The bridges are of structural steel,

with a clear

track span

of 36

feet,

and

an over-all height of

feet.

The

con-

duetors are to be 2/0 stranded copper wire spaced with a clearance of

5 eet.

They

supported

from

brackets outside of towers,

with

three-part suspension insulators,

with noncorroding connecting links

to allow a maximum life and a minimum of line troubles.

During th
dams were

e year the
completed

remaining shop

and

approved.

drawings
Full-sized

for the emergency

tests

were

made

upon

gates

prior

shipment,

as required

tions, the object being to insure that the

under

friction upon

the specifica-
the rails will

not be so great as to prevent the lowering of the gates by their weight
alone and that no objectionable distortions or permanent sets will be
produced by the maximum pressure to which the gates will be sub-
jected. Practically all structural material for the turning and wedg-

ing machinery for the emergency

and,

dams was shipped

to the Isthmus

with a few exceptions, has arrived in excellent condition.

The

assembling of the east dam at Gatun was begun July

1, 1912, and was

practically

was

begun on

completed

on March

November 9,

1912

1, 1911
, and

Erection of the west dam

was practically

completed in

five and a hal months, or March 1 1913.

The material for the west

dam

Pedro

Miguel

was

received

time

begin

erection

February

1, 1913, and practically all of the material has been assem-

bled.

Work was

begun

on April

1913,

on the east dam,

and

Jun 30 over

50 per cent of the material had been assembled in

, , ^ t1

*..* * m

--a-bj

m

REPORT IIYHMIAS

CAAL

COMMISSION.

30 seconds.

After three complete operations of the dam, as required

by the contract, the second part of the test was started, consisting of

operating the turning and

wedging machinery for 20 days, at inter-

vals

made

depending

principally

upon

for the

heating
purpose

motors.

These

of limbering up

tests

turning

were
and

wedging machinery.

After completing the second

part of the tests,

three

additional

complete

operations were made

in accordance

with

the contract; the last completely closed the passage in 42. minutes and

17 seconds,
occupied in

which

was

19 minutes and

13 seconds less than the time

the first test.

Under the aids to navigation 12 range towers were' completed,

some minor exceptions in the Gatun Lake section.

of reenforced concrete

with

These towers are

With heights from base to focal plane varying

feet

from

beacons,

Miraflores,

inches

marking

were

feet

edge

completed.

Eighteen

inches.
channel

Three

between

concrete-steel

skeleton

Balboa

reference

tower

and
and

range targets were completed in the Gatun Lake section.

There will

be approximately 32 of this type, by means of which gas buoys may

located

from

previously

determined

angles.

Bohio,

Pena

Blanca

Caimito

Mamei

Juan

Grande

, and Bas Obispo

these refer-

ence targets also form
short tangents at those

unlighted ranges which mark the axes of the

places.

The reenforced

concrete caisson for

west breakwater

of last year,

light and fog signal,

was completed

which

to a height of 25

was begun in

feet and

June

was sunk

at the inner end of Limon Bay in 20 feet of water,

where it will re-

main

until its riprap foundation at the outer end

of the

breakwater

has reached its final settlement.

The plans for the west breakwater

light and fog signal were revised under the supervision of the archi

tect

and

revised

structure

supersedes the one shown

in the

last

annual report.

Fifty-one concrete buoy sinkers 48 by 48 by 26 inches

and forty-five 24 by 24 by

inches were constructed at the

Balboa

plant of the lighthouse subdivision.

A reenforced concrete wharf 70

feet

long

and

feet

wide

, adjoining

small

boat

landing

Gatun

, was built for use of the lighting establishment of the canal by

the Panama Railroad.

It will be used for storing,

painting, and re-

pairing gas

and

spar

buoys

belonging

SW,

Gatun

Lake

section.
1,T

5 * 1 --------------A. - - - - a - - - ..I - A. F * - - nan A. - I a - ~. - - a.-. - - S S -

rv j

REPORT O]

CHAIRMAN

AND

ORIEF ENGINEER.

Approximately 250 acres of canal prism

Blanca

from San Pablo to

Pena

180 acres

of land were cleared of trees in the vicinity of Mamei for the dredg-
ing division.
For detailed information concerning the operation of this division,
attention is invited to Appendix A.

ATLANTIC DIVISION.

The

work

of this division

embraces the construction

of the

locks

atd dam at Gatun,

the quaxry at

Porto

Bello,

the sand supply,

breakwater for the shelter of shipping and

protection

of the chan-

nel

Limon

various

Bay,

settlements

municipal

embraced

improvements

within

territorial

Colon
limits

and
of

division, and such sanitary engineering work within the same limits
x-y x-* xx

as is prescribed by the sanitary

department.

The

work

excavat-

channel

between

Gatun

locks

Caribbean was in charge of this division

sixth

division

and

dec

until May

of the

chief

p water
1, 1913,
engineer

when it
's office.

On this same date th
mechanical division.

Col.

William L. Siber

e dry

dock and shops were transferred

The work of the division is in charge of Lieut.
t, United States Army, as division engineer.

At the beginning of the fiscal year dredges were at work excavat-

ing an area north of the caisson sills of the locks,
flare or wing walls and the north approach pie]

structed.

The

wing walls are

built on rock and

partly on roct, but for the greater part on piling.

within
were

which the

the approach

con-
pier

For the former it

was necessary in

some

places

remove

material

a depth

feet below sea level in order to uncover the rock; and as the dredges

eol$ ecavate only to a depth

of 41 feet,

the level

of the pool had

tD 'be lowered
a :to dam v

for them

perform

s built geros

work.

excavated

t

dredges

his
to

reach thi
inclosgr

area,

*nd,

when

completed,

was lowered by pumping with
*wasL>' H: I viif

water

the dredges.

the resulting
The excava-

tion jor the flarp walls was carried well
a * -

iw de for the walls agd for a rock 011

the rear and made suf-

which

-. llk I

al back of it from sliding as the watet was lowered.

This

were cared of trees and brut, and approximately

was transferred

To accomplish

was to sustain

'

r

REPORT ISTHMIAN

CANAL

COMMISSION.

For

depth

approach
feet below

pier the
sea level

dredges
and for a

removed

width

material

of 140 feet along

center

in November,

excavated

1912,

area.

was filled

completion

with

water,

the clay

dredging
dam re-

moved, a dipper

dredge and

one suction

dredge

taken

and

suction

dredge,

a pump

barge,

and

two

coal

barges

left

inside

area.

The

clay

dam

was

then

rebuilt

and

water

pumped

out,

posing the foundations.

The dredge was grounded at 55

feet below

level

and

was

used

keep

water

below

foundations.

Two

steam

shovels

worked

over

that

portion

center

wall

foundations where rock appeared, and also excavated such material

from

the approach

west locks as

could

handled

them.

The channel excavation and the preparation of the foundations were
accomplished by shovel, crane, cableways, and by hand.

The

flare

walls are built solid.

The north approach

wall

or pier

feet wide and consists of a series of piers placed 50 feet centers

longitudinally
connected bv

spanned
therefore

create

, heavily

and
arches

feet

laterally

of 22-foot

span,

which

while

steel girders incased in concrete.

feet.

feet

reenforced

The

with

piers
rails

direction

longitudinally
In plan the

rest
near

upon

a slab

and

they are
they are
piers are

con-

bottom,

built on the piling.

The first six of the openings north of the locks

closed

curtain

walls

prevent

objectionable

cross

currents

while

locks

emptying.

The

plan

originally

contemplated

a pier 1,200 feet in length, measured from the angle of the flare walls.

In December, 1912,

the division engineer recommended that the wall

be shortened 200 feet.

A slide had occurred at the north end

of the

pit when it was dewatered, covering the foundation of this portion of

the wall, and the removal of this slide,

which

would have to be done

largely

It,

furthermore,

land,
this

would
would

tedious

make

hand
north

require c(
approach

considerable

wall

time;

correspond

more nearly to

local
as to

conditions

make

the one at the south,

where

cost

south

which is 994.5

wall

building the

was

additional

feet long.

terminated

length

were

The
such

prohibitive;

however,

as a considerable saving in

time of

completion

would

sult, the recommendation

was approved and the length of the north

- - - a - -

REPORT

OF CHAIRMAN

AND

0

largely

sluicing

and

pumping,

dredge

handling

material from the sump into which it was washed.

The con cate in

the flare

walls

was laid

by the cableways,

which

were also used for so much of the center pier as could be reached by

them ,

The remaininMg portion of the latter was laid

cranes and

by means

dump

ears

operated

construction

locomotives,

doncerte being supplied by the cableways through hoppers and chutes.

The

total

amount

concrete

laid

locks

proper

aggregated

164750 cubic yards; of this amount 137,218 cubic yards were classed

as plain concrete, and
reenforced, and cost

cost $6.5383 per cubic yard; the

$10.5762

cubic

yard.

balance

addition,

was
5,530

cubic yards of concrete were used for the construction of lamp-posts

and their bases, snubbing-button bases, machinery-room

covers, con-

trol house, paving between the upper lock and the Panama Railroad

station,

under the emergency

dams,

and

work

first

division, making the total handled

cubic yards. Th
Atlantic division
gated 2,040 715 e
i~elU|AriVXV! L o<

by the

Atlantic division 170,280

e total amount of concrete laid in

the close of the

ubic

yards,

fiscal

an average di

locks by the

year therefore aggre-
vision cost of $7.1220

per cubic yard.
Last fall it was estimated that the concrete work of the locks would

be
pie

completed

r

complete
lim p-post

feet,

on Ju]
bases,

July
the c
ne 14,

1913.

concrete,
1913.

shortening the

except

Th

snubbing-button

miscellaneous

miscellaneous
bases, mooring

north

finis

work

-post

approach
ring, was
insists of

bases

stair-

well parapets, paving, and the closing of a few

left for construction purposes.

openings which were

Of the amount of concrete laid dur-

ing the year, 2,742 cubic yards were produced

auxiliary mixers,

1,944 cubic yards were mixed by hand, and the balance by the 2-yard

mixers installed in the construction
I addition to handling sand fn

plant.
om the

barges to

the stock pile,

the unloading cableways were

used

for transferring sand

and rock

from the stock piles to the tunnel hoppers and for loading rock for

sale to outside parties.

There was sufficient broken stone in storage

that none was crushed during the year.

* A total of 171,866 cubic

yards was taken from the storage pile for use by the division, 1,568.5

:'~~a 1*- - 1 .� * � . I . 1_ J I .r2-J-. - 3- -^ _,L ,

CHIEF ENGINEER.

C(

REPORT ISTHMIAN

CANAL COMMISSION.

The back filling of the side walls and the filling of the center wall
was made of material obtained from borrow pits and from the canal

prism,
shovels.

aggregating 637,226 cubic yards, all

Of this amount

of it removed by steam

,565,756 cubic yards were placed behind the

side walls at a cost of $0.3805 per cubic yard, and 15,872 cubic yards

in the
yard.

center wall

The

total

by the cableways

amount

of material

it a cost of $0.8320
used for back fill v

cubic

to June

30, 1913,
walls at

aggregated

2,027,830

cubic

an average cost of $0.4586

yards

placed

cubic

yard,

behind

and a

side

total

113,163 cubic yards placed in the center wall at a cost of $0.7780 per

cubic yard.

Teams and scrapers were

put to

work in March, 1913,

and

continued

the end

of the fiscal

year bringing the back fill to

final grade and for the construction of a

wagon road along the east

side of the l
in this way,
was decided

icks.
ata

About 1,500 cubic yards of material were handled
total expenditure for this purpose of $9,296.82. It

to pave the exposed surface of the back fill between the

locks and the Panama Railroad station

with concrete slabs 5 feet by

5 feet by 6 inches, extending from elevation 78 to the top of the slope,

and laid

on from 4 to 6 inches of broken stone from Ancon

quarry

Below this concrete

paving the slope was to be covered with riprap

stone down

to elevation

The concrete

paving was estimated

cost

$8,000.

June

1913

surfacing

broken

stone

was completed and 125 square yards of the concrete paving hed been
finished at a total cost for the latter to that date of $1,172.91.

The 1
structed

amp-posts

this

and

bases

division,

for
bas

illuminating
is erected in

the l
place,

tcks
and

were
the

con-
lamp

standards cast

of the latter,

were made at a cost of $149.4299 per

lamp-post.
The construction of the control house, designed by the first division,

in conjunction
April, 1913.

I

with

the architect

, for the Gatun locks was begun in

At the close of the year the three floors and the walls

for the first and second stories of the building were completed; the

total
At

amount expende
the close of the

was

$20,287.51.

previous fiscal

year the Gatun Dam had been

raised to an elevation of 103.35 feet for a length of 1,000 feet east of
the spillway, and for the balance of this portion of the dam the dry
- - - - - . ~ . - jk a * A , . 1 n*- - j1

.I

REPORT

OF CHAIRMAN

AND

CHIEF

ENGINEER.

was secured from the borrow pit which had been opened during

previous

fiscal

year,

beyond

west end

of the

dam,

and

lay a to top the hydraulic fill from borrow pits north of the

dam and inm the vicinity of the locks.

From two to six steam shovels

were engaged in procuring this material and removed 2,159,159 cubic

yards, boow-pit
designated as rock.

measurement,

of which

The hydraulic

922,877

cubic

was supplied

yards

were

by three pipe-

lint suction dredges operated in
sutton o crate

borrow

pits upwards

miles

dis-

tant, the maximum lift being

borrow-pit

measurement,

was

100 feet.
493,145

The total amount handled,

cubic

yards.

The

hydraulic

fill was'stopped in September, 1912.

No complete survey was made

during the

fiscal

until February,

year,

1913,

from

partial
which

cross

sections were

material in

place

run monthly

was calcu-

lated, and for the following months, estimates were based on borrow-

pit measurement.

Under these circumstances it is estimated that the

dry fill

deposited

aggregated 1,714,367

cubic

yards,

or a

loss of 21

per

cent of the

borrow-pit

measurement,

due

to consolidation.

the hydraulic fill, it was estimated that there was a loss of 324,141

cubic yards Or 65.8 per cent due to waste through dram

pipes, leak-

age, and consolidation.

The total

consolidated fill for the year ag-

gregated

1,967,841

cubic

yards.

The

cost

dry

in place

amounted to $0.3755 per cubic yard and of the hydraulic fill $0.2654

per cubic yard.
ing settlement,

Levels were run monthly with a

observations

being taken

hubs

view to determin-

placed

about

feet apart longitudinally and about 100 feet apart transversely.

morning of

began

along the

north

August* 29
slope of t

a bulging and

dam

near

sliding movement

west

end.

o'clock in the morning of this date the track which was at the top of
the dry fill, elevation 101, settled vertically about 3 feet over a length

about

feet,

while

track at

elevation

down

sl6pe,

showed

samen

85-foot

slight

day

indications

a lateral

contour and

movement,

displacement
5.1 feet on 1

feet

50-foot

had

afternoon
occurred

contour;

there

on the

was

movement on

the 30-foot contour.

On the morning of August 30 a

further settlement

and

bulging

had

occurred,

giving

an additional

lateral movement of 3.4 feet on

the 85-foot contour, 3.2

feet on

^J4 St

A

I "1

-.1 --- -

--� l1

.rik t twr~ 'in f ntf^fit an JV^ .f� .. ' ~rr -i V * flk r -^ n. ron.^i n-- r ^ *r n fla rrtn 0^W^.~ fr-^ : 3. n~rr fl� -V rwun ^jrT ri flu ^** n

� ....................

...... _ "_ � 1

REPORT ISTHMIAN

CANAL

COMMISSION.

The
feet,
feet.

total

on the

lateral

50-foot

displacement

level 31.2

along

feet,

85-foot

and

contour

was

on the 30-foot contour

The south slope of the dam remained undisturbed.

38.9
18.1

The slope

of the portion of the dam which moved was originally fixed at 1 on 5

(section DD, plate 19, annual report,

1909), and this was authorized

"because

rock

is near the

surface

and

fairly

horizontal.

The

only thing to be provided against in this slope is the slipping of the

dam

material

on itself."

Because

of the

character

of the

material

along this portion underlying the structure there could be no question

that the movement was within

the dam itself, consequently test pits

were not resorted to as in the case of the movement on the east part

of the dam, reported a year ago.

samples was made.

A line of wash borings with drive

These borings clearly indicated that the relative

proportions of hydraulic fill and dry fill which would bring about the

desired section of hydraulic fill-wedge shape,

with the point down-

had not been

secured,

but that on the contrary the

hydraulic

fill in

section

was

provision
material

face of the

the opposite of this.

had

been

itself.

east portion

made

in the
of the

Furthermore,

against

case
dam,

was

e slipping
movement

was

evident

on the

that
dam

north

heavily reenforced

and the slope flattened to an average of about 1 on

7.67.

To prevent injury to

the dam that might result from

wash

south slope by waves in the lake caused by strong south winds,

of the
which

prevail at times, it was necessary to pave such

portion

of this slope

as is liable to such action.

Concrete paving was at first considered,

but because of settlement, due to consolidation and the irregularity of

the surface, it was decided to use riprap laid on broken stone.

estimated

that

waves 5

feet

in height might

at times

exist,

It was
so that

the paving was extended over that portion of the slope lying between

elevations 74 and

A layer of

crushed stone, supplied

Ancon

quarry

was laid

over the dam

within

these

limit

to a

thickness of

about 4 inches.

Over this a sufficient thickness of riprap was placed

to protect the broken stone from the action of the waves.

.was

first

procured

from

a quarry

in the

vicinity

The riprap
Quebrancha

and was estimated to cost $1 per cubic yard in place on the dam.

the cost, however, after a

trial

of two

month

amounted

to $2.1027

- . - S - - .- S - S., S

REPORT

OF CHAIRMAN

AND

-

CHIEF ENGINEER.

beginning

complete
tion 69,

ed,

including the

fiscal

year

abutments, ogee,

spillway

dam

and crest piers,

had been
to eleva-

while the central portion, about 870 feet in length measured

along the crest,

had been practically

completed to elevation 50.

previously noted, four sluices had been left-three closed by Stoney
gates and on by a cylindrical valve-to permit control of the water

during

construction

dam.

During

fiscal

year

fln were carried

to completion,

while the central

portion,

which

had been finished to elevation 50,

was left at this height to allow the

ood waters to escape during the rainy season.

Work on the closing

of these openings

was commenced

as soon as the

level

of the

lake

could be dropped below elevation 50 and the work pushed.

was erected on the flanks at elevation 95 and

A trestle

was extended entirely

around the dam

when the full height of 69 feet was reached.

From

it the west abutment and part of the crest piers were built to eleva-

tion 115, or full height, and

14 crest gates were

installed.

the completion of the west abutment the trestle beside each gate was

d imntled

mn succession

and

upstream

side of the

pier, inter-
pImr,1 T rte-QL

fred.

with

by the

trestle,

was constructed.

operated by the cylindrical valve was closed,

In February the sluice
but it was impracticable

complete

remaining

crest

piers

and

east

abutment

until

three remaining sluices could be closed.

The water in the lake, con-

trolled

by the sluices,

was held at

about elevation

32 until

the last

week in August,

when the completion of the guard gates and caisson

sills of the looks permitted it to

raised.

During

November and

the early part of December the

of 56.3,
central

notwithstanding the
part of the dam and

water reached a maximum elevation

flow

through

through

the opening

the sluices.

After

left
Sthe

in the
rainy

season the water was lowered to elevation 48 so that work might be

resumed

on the spillway, and the sluices were finally closed on June

27, as the plans contemplated raising the lake to

full height during

the present rainy season, start'ihrg with the water at Gatun at eleva-

tion 50 on July
date was 49.15.

1, 1913.

The elevation of the lake at Gatun on this

Advantage was taken of the flow over the spillway
**"*"* :L- a

dispose of

which

a number

the rising waters

of floating islands,

had

snags,

E

brought into existence

nd <
and

timbers

which

_......... ... - . - ._ _ _ . . _ _-._ : *I. ^ ^ - . ^ ^ ^ J -c M * * * h .& - J - * ^ . * - . -. * - _ - __ - I _ _ _

i 1

I I i

1 I

mLt _

31

*i

-I

ft -�

*

REPORT ISTHMIAN

CANAL COMMISSION.

Concrete laid in the spillway for the year aggregated 21,19 cubic

yards, at a cost of $8.1227

per cubic yard.

The excavation amounted

to 175 cubic yards and cost $2.3913 per cubic yard.

concrete

thus

placed

in the

spillway

was,

The total amount
therefore, 224,132

cubic yards, at an average cost of $7.4838 per cubic yard.

Architectural

features

were

added

plans

prepared

first division of the chief engineer'

office for the hydroelectric power

plant to
$147,950

constructed

and

below

construction

the spillway
undertaken I

an estimated

Atlantic

cost

division.

The excavation was completed and during the year 14,948 cubic yards

of material
cubic yard;

were removed-rock and

earth-at a cost of $0.4022 per

in the preparation of the foundations 11,684 cubic yards,

costing $1.7973

cubic

yard,

were

removed

total

excavation

date,

therefore,

including

preparation

foundations,

98,751 cubic yards, at an average cost of $0.5486 per cubic yard.

was
The

steel

work

structure

was

advertised

and

lowest

amounted

$25,456.37

The successful

bidder offered

to erect

steel structure in 45 days and at an additional cost of $6,496.74.

the Atlantic division estimated

that the erection

could be done in 42

days by its own

forces and

completed at a cost of $4,643,

this work

was assigned to the Atlantic division.

was commenced on May

The erection of the steel work

, and at the close of the year about 65 per

cent had been erected and 90 per cent of the field rivets driven.

amount thus far expanded was $6,154.36.

The

The penstocks were encased

with

concrete,

except

for the

curved

portions

near

head

gates.

The forebay walls with trash-rack and stop-plank grooves are about
95 per cent completed.

Work

west

breakwater

Limon

Bay

was

continued

throughout

year.

length

feet of trestle,

single

track,

was

added, making the total length of trestle 11,526 feet.

The total

amount of rock received from Porto

Bello and

placed

on the break-

water was

183,762

cubic

yards,

which

102,508

cubic

yards

were

handled

from

barges

Lidgerwood

cars

locomotive cranes and

subsequently plowed off.

The balance was placed by derrick barges.

addition

this

source

supply

about

220,433

cubic

yards

rock removed from

the channel by the dredges were dumped

on the

- a- - it *0 * S

A1D

OEIEP

ENGINEER.

cent large rock could not be secured from the two benches to complete
the breakwater, so that this development was temporarily suspended.
and in November, 1912, operations were resumed by one steam shovel
in the id erushed-rock quarry, above the two benches; after the first

of the year two more shovels were put to work on this higher

level.

The broad -gauge equipment,

which

was

substituted

for the

narrow

gauge
1912,

previously in service,

and

October

was

output

placed

was

in operation

increased

from

on October

two

three

barges per day.

securing rock of proper size about 60 per cent

of the output was wasted.
As previously noted, the Toro Point breakwater is intended for the
protection of the harbor and the shelter of vessels against northers,
and its line of direction is normal to the prevailing wind during these

storms.

It is not intended to give protection against the waves pro-

duced by the trade winds,

which generally are from north to north-

east and which are not dangerous to shipping that will use the canal.

The

waves

from

trade

winds

have

been

washing the

shores

limon Bay in the vicinity of the canal entrance,

and survey made in

March, 1913, showed that the channel in the vicinity of the shore line,

which

had

been

dredged

full

depth,

had

filled

so as to give an

available depth of only 27 feet and that in the center of the channel.

It was

also estimated

that

the silt deposited in

channel

during

the previous 12 months was 2,213,082 cubic yards.

As the result of

investigation

believed

that

this

silting is ar ely

due

action disturbing the soft material of the bottom of the bay,

. is taken up and carried in suspension and subsequently

the deeper channel.

wave
which

deposited in

The deposit is generally uniform except in that

part near the shores of the bay.

The Atlantic Fleet during its visit

to the

canal

last

winter anchored

under the

lee of the

west

break-

wok and at times the trade winds made it difficult for small boats

to reach the ships, and, as a consequence,

Navy

advocated

the construction of

the General Board

a detached

breakwater

of the
for the

protection of the
dangerous and, a

anchorage area, stating that at times it

t times, impossible

gaged in coaling battleships

for small
alongside.

boats

and

Under the

would

barges en-
se circum-

stances, and as such

a breakwater will protect the channel

to some

.I* r it S C - 9 � *-

REPORT A OFAflGMAN

REPORT ISTHMIAN

CANAL COMMISSION.

plant.

This project was approved on July

12, 1912, at a total cost of

$193,768.

contemplates

a tunnel

through

divide

separating

the Gatun Lake from the Brazos Brook Reservoir within which is to
be laid a 20-inch main, with its inlet at an elevation of approximately

5 feet below the extreme low water level in Gatun Lake.

This pipe-

line, 600 feet in length, extends to the Brazos Brook Reservoir, and by
means of a control house the water in the reservoir is maintained at a
minimum low level of 1 foot below the spillway crest, so that any ad-
ditional amount of water required over that furnished by the water-

shed

will

taken

from

Gatun Lake.

additional

20-inch main

was laid from Brazos Brook Reservoir to Mount Hope, the site of the

new

purification

plant

and

pumping

station.

connection

with

these

there are

included an aeration basin, sedimentation basin, and

filters after passing which the water enters a clear-water basin having

a capacity of approximately 650,000 gallons.

This basin is connected

by an underground conduit to the pump sump beneath the floor of the

pumping

station.

The

pumps will

be operated

electrically.

Work

was commenced in October, 1912, and at the close of the fiscal year all

work between

Gatun Lake and Brazos

Brook Reservoir was practi-

cally

complete.

The

pumping station

was completed

ready

for the

installation of the machinery; the filter building was completed up to

and

including

operating floor;

sedimentation

basin

was

cent

completed

and

foundations

and

floors

mixing

chambers and aeration basin were laid.

In addition to the operation

of the purification plant at the Agua Clara Reservoir, the usual main-

tenance

work was carried

on during the year.

Approximately 70,000 square yards of macadam

were laid and re-

paired,

44,000

linear

feet

road

ditches

cleaned

and

dug,

9,500

linear feet of curb and gutter laid, and 4,600 feet of sewers installed.
In addition, municipal improvements were carried on in Colon under

an appropriation by Congress for the purpose.

Of the appropriation

$800,000

made

March

1909,

extending

municipal improvements in Colon and Panama,

there were expended

during the year in

the former locality $53,939.15,

making a total ex-

pended in Colon to the end of the fiscal year of $505,909.54.

In ad-

edition

completing

improvements

previously

undertaken,

I^eKiIIiK N,, ^.K K

REPORT

CHAIRMAN

CHIEF

E flerEn.

CENTRAL DIVISION.

The

work

of this division

embraces

excavation

between

atun D a Pedro Miguel Looks, including diversion

channels ,

the construction of the Naos Island Breakwater, municipal improve-

ments in

"the

various settlements included within the division limits,

and sach sanitary engineering work in the same area as is prescribed

by the sanitary

department.

The

work is in

charge of Lieut.

Col.

- , I. Gaillard, United States Army, as division engineer.

Excavation

Culebra

Cut,

for the

and

canal

12,582,124

prism
cubic

during the

yards

were

year was confined

removed.

to

tion to this, 155,376 cubic yards were excavated in changing portions
of the Obispo diversion and 35,888 cubic yards outside of the canal
prism for auxiliary work; the total amount of material handled by
the central division, therefore, aggregated 12,773,388 cubic yards, of

which

10,098,099

amount remo
this amount

cubic

yards

were

classed

as rock.

The

estimated

because of slides was 5,899,200 cubic yards and

1,593,070 cubic yards of material

were

taken from

upper reaches of the banks to reduce the quantity to be taken from the

bottom,

or as a preventive

other words, 46.67

measure

against

slides

and

breaks.

per cent removed from the Cut was due to slides,

as against 35.90 per cent during the previous fiscal year.

remaining

removed

was

again

increased

The amount

close

year, and aggregates for the Culebra Cut 8,200,000 cubic yards; in

other words,

there

will be

an increase

central

division

9,280,237
report.
the canal

cubic yards over the estimate submitted in the last annual

Of this

total

remaining,

1,324,944 cubic

yards

were

inside

prism lines and 6,860,500 cubic yards estimated for slides,

a a ~- -

whch estimate includes the amount for benching back

& us to relieve the pressure v
may either increase the extent
The total amount o material

rhich,

crushing the

of the

banks

underlying strata,

of existing slides or cause new

due

to slides

so far removed

ones.

aggre-

gates 22,570,200 cubic yards, or an increase of 2,304,200 cubic yards

over that estimated in the last annual report.

creased as the (ut was deepened.

Slides and breaks in-

No treatment has proven effective

for ides when once developed except that of excavating and hauling

*,, -- a^A ^� 2 . JPt_ -L - - ._. _.i* -. -l

AND

addi-

ved

REPORT ISTHMIAN

CANAL COMMISSION.

canal had been reached and

the widening cuts had

progressed satis-

factorily until within approximately 60 feet of the line of the prism

was reached

on the

east side

when

on January 20 the

basalt rocks

broke and there slid into the Cut approximately 2,000,000 cubic yards

of material extending completely

on the

67-foot

level

and

complete

across the Cut,
Kly stopping the

topping the tracks
passage of trains

from

north.

Bottom

grade

was subsequently reached

for suffi-

cient width to put in drainage pipes for handling the water from the

north,

rains

saturating

loosened

material

occasioned

flattening

slope,

thus

causing

another

movement,

and

weight of the superimposed mass

broke

pipes.

Work was con-

tinued on

the slide during the year, but principally for the

of maintaining the

tracks on

the 67-foot level

open for the

purpose
passage

of trains.

This slide at the close of the fiscal year covered an area

of approximately 50 acres.

The total amount removed thus far since

July

1905

when it

began moving, is

3,859,500 cubic yards,

leaving

approximately
rial on the sot

li

1,500,000 cubic yards still to be removed.
Ih side of the slide is practically all clay,

The mate-
the middle

of it consists of clay and spalls,

and the north side of it rock with a

mixture

clay.

The

clay

and

clay

and

spalls

easily

handled by suction dredges,

while the material

on the north side can

handled

dipper and

ladder

dredges.

From

West Culebra slide

1,922,700 cubic yards were removed

during the year,
making a total fr

including material

taken

from

the time this slide developed in

upper benches,
October, 1907,

of 8,687,600 cubic yards, leaving approximately 2,390,000 cubic yards

remove

material

on the

top of the bank is taken

out.

This slide covers an area of 68

acres.

From the slide at East Culebra 1,676,300 cubic yards were removed

during

year,

making

a total

5,966,200

cubic

yards

removed

since the slide first

developed in January,

1907, and

is estimated

that

2,000,000

cubic

yards

remain.

This

slide

covers

an area

approximately 55 acres and extends from the north side of Gold Hill

approximately

5,500

feet.

The shov

taken

els on the
in August,

upper reaches of the

1912

and

replaced

East Culebra slide were

January,

1913.

One

-. - - - . -

REPORT

OF CHAIRMAN

AND

CHIEF

ENGINEER.

porary channel constructed for the diversion.

The shovels were con-

centrated

on the

summit

stretch

and

continued

there

and

on the

upper

banks

until

dry

season.

After

a new

channel

had

been

excavated for the Obispo diversion the slide was attacked and 181,100
bic yards removed during the remainder of the year.
On the east ide of the Cut, north of Gold Hill, there is a French

dumap

included

within

the. East

Culebra

slide.

crack

developed

about April 1, 1918, parallel to the Cut and 635 feet distant from its
edge, but it does not join the Cut at any point, beginning and ending

on the

which

appeared.

Steps

were

taken,

means

steam shovels,

bench

this portion

of the

bank and

arrangements

made for sluicing as much as possible into the valley to the east.
The summit of drainage in the Cut continued about opposite Cule-
bra until the two shovels cutting to grade on the bottom produced one

out through

grade

on June

1913.

The

water

south

summit was drained into the Pacific through

the central

culvert of

the Pedro Miguel Locks.

The dike separating the Cut on the north

side from the Chagres River remained intact and the pumping plant
previously described continued in service to handle the water which
drains to the north from the summit, with the addition of two French
centrifugal pumps, 17-inch discharge, added after the break north of
La Pita Point.

With the opening in the spillway at plus 50,

with the upper gates

Pedro

I

might top

iiguel not complete, it
the dike at Gamboa and

was
do

feared

that

injury to

a heavy

the locks.

freshet
It was

therefore decided to raise the Gamboa dike to elevation

78.2, carry-

this

elevation

along

west

dike

which

separates

west

diversion channel from the Cut.

The amount of material utilized for

this purpose aggregated 37,080 cubic yards

As cracks developed

the appearance of

the sides of the

Obispo

additional slides which, if they

diversion,
occurred,

giving
would

let the water of the diversion into the Cut, it was decided to relocate

the diversion farth6t to the east itd this was done in

three places,

one

opposite

Whitehouse,

another

opposite

division

office

Empire, and another around the break north of La Pta Point.
necessitated the handling of 128,076 cubic yards.

i1_ _ r . __ .. _1 ___ . ..... -. 1- . .. - -

This

-^^ *- -h .t1. - an._ * I- Ia a. -. am- -- a - 111 S~r2k ii1 1 _

ur
~4U

J- L-k.

i

---M-

REPORT ISTHMIAN

CANAL COMMISSION.

tion, the steam shovels were placed closer together and necessitated an
average of six locomotives daily to handle the trains to and from the
shovels, besides those used in hauling the trains to the dumps.
Due to the development of slides and beginning February 20, 1913,

split-shift

system

was

inaugurated

on shovels

working

in the

slides and

on the upper

benches, so as to secure

12 hours'

work per

day.

While this increased the cost to some extent, it was more than

justified, after the decision had been reached to admit the water into
the Cut in October, in order to remove as much of the remaining rock
in the dry as possible.
The dumps in use during the year were those at Miraflores, Balboa,

along the

line

railroad

relocation

north

Gamboa,

swamp

lands

in the

vicinity

Ancon,

and

a new

dump

opened

along the

line of the Panama Railroad south of Pedro

Miguel.

It was neces-

sary to abandon the old line of the Panama Railroad in the

vicinity

of Miraflores Locks,

permit the construction

of the spillway, and

subsequent to March 4 trains had to be operated over the single track

through the tunnel.

This reduced the number of trains that could be

operated to the south and caused the opening up of the Pedro Miguel

dump.

Material

taken

from

upper

benches on

the east side of

the Cut was wasted partly in extending the dump north of Gold Hill

that

was started

two

years

ago,

and

remainder was

dumped at

Miraflores, Ancon, and Balboa, operating over the Gold Hill cut-off

Panama

west

side

Railroad.

was

wasted

That

taken

on the

from

dump

e upper
Culebra

benches

and

on the

dumps to the south.
the east side of the

wasted;
Balboa

3,985,129

and

wasted

A total of

Cut

cubic

284,755 cubic yards were dumped on

At Miraflores

yards

on the

were

Balboa

used

dump;

1,288,262 cubic
for reclaiming

440,725

cubic

yards

were

swamps at
yards were

used for filling swamp lands northeast of Ancon Hill

and 4,376,080

cubic

yards

Panama

Railroad

relocation

dumps

between

Caimito
Balboa,

and

making

Gamboa.

a total

During the

acres

year 90

in all

acres

were

reclaimed

filled

this

in at
point.

Between Balboa

and Sosa Hill 54 acres of marshy land that it was

impossible

drain

properly were

filled

during the

year.

addi-

tion

,487,108 cubic yards of waste material were furnished other divi-

:ID'AN~:~Nai~A " N

REPORT

CHAIRMAN

AND

CHIEF

ENGINEEB.

plan suggested by
adopted. The p

Mr.

an

W. G. Comber was considered by a board and

consists of the building of

a double trestle ex-

tending to "an stand, dumping to be done on either side, thereby

sprd the fil over the treacherous

bottom,

and

carrying

itto

mean

tide as

far as the island.

When

this was done, filling was to

commence at the island carrying it to full height.

fail, ample length

Should the trestle

th. end of the fnished

enpiredy
entirely

pile

driver

portion,
s.On

completed and filled,

while the broken

June

with

1913,

the exception

portion
s trestle

was being
had been

600 feet long.

The total amount of material

used

for this

purpose

aggregated

653,242

cubic yards.

The soft material was

pushed

and up forming a ridge of mud, intermixed with stones that had been
dumped in and carried up by the soft material, parallel to the break-

water

and

a distance

approximately

feet

from

The

total amount extended

on the dike

by the

central

division and

Pacic division up to June 30, 1913,
per linear foot.

was $384,540.89, or about $22.14

The

average

division

cost

exc

plant charges and all items which
was $0.5525 per cubic yard. The to
tral division since American occun

aviation for
entered into

year,

including

its accomplishment,

year was
cubic yard

107,189,181

cubic yards at

an average cost of $0.7105

Oilebra Cut.
Actual construction work on the Empire-Chorrera Road was com-

plated,

the convict

labor

employed

on it

was

transferred

other

work, and a small force of paid labor was established for the pur-

pose of placing screenings and

doing other work necessary for the

copp lotion
19129 the

of the

road

const-ruction

Zone

a 16-foot

boundary.
macadam

On
road

November

from

to a point on the Las Cascadas plantation road, about 3,600 feet from

enast

end

the

Empire

s suspension

bridge,

was

u

This road will have a total length of a little over 5 miles.

undertaken.
A stock-

ade was erected

gaged

on it.

at Gamboa

The

Empire-P

to house the
araiso Road

prison labor which is en-

was relocated

and rebuilt

a iS* *A L A - afi" S 4� * - - *- - - -

would be left for dumping between the break and

a stretch about

ital amount removed from the cen-
ation up to the close of the fiscal

Of this total, 93,805,975 cubic yards were removed from

Gamboa

REPORT ISTHMIAN

CANAL

COMMISSION.

For

the maintenance of water supply

to the shops

and for other

construction

purposes,

additional

pumps

were

installed

and

oper-

ated at Lirio, Sardanilla River,

Gamboa, and

Gorgona shops.

Sanitary
regrading
ditches, la
linear feet

work
602,578

ying
of

consisted

linear

6,426
concret

feel

linear

digging

Sof
feet

gutters,

ditches,

cleaning

4,6'8

linear

cleaning
drains, c
847,852 l1

feet

1,327,676

onstructing

near

feet

ditches,
feet of

3,852
con-

create ditches, and

clearing 908,331 square

yards of brush and grass.

For further information

concerning the operations of the central

division, attention is invited to Appendix C.

FIFTH DIVISION.

As already noted, on the resignation

of Mr. S. B.

Williamson

Pacific division

fifth

and

sixth

was

abolished

divisions

effective

chief

December
engineer's

1912

office

and

organized.

The fifth division has charge of the construction of the locks, dams,

spillway,
below th

excavation

locks

in the

dry

operation

Ancon

canal

prism

quarry,

between

municipal

and
engi-

neering work within

and

such

sanitary

the area covered

engineering

work

by the
as may

works of the division,
be prescribed by the

sanitary

department

within

the same area.

The

work is in

charge

of Mr. H.

O. Cole as resident engineer.

Excavation in

connection

with

Pedro

Miguel Locks was corn-

pleted during the year by the removal of 3,044 cubic yards from

locks proper

at a

cost of $0.4078

cubic

yard.

The

bulk

of the

excavation consisted of the removal

lock site, and the material

of the French

was utilized for back fil

the excavation necessary for completing the locks,

dump east of the
I. In addition to
2,190 cubic yards

were

removed

for the construction

northeast

core

wall

built

prevent the

passage of water

back

of the east wall,

which might

otherwise

occur.

This

excavation

was

done

hand

and

extended

under the tracks of the old Panama Railroad which are in use by the

central

division

cost

was

$3.4297

cubic

yard.

prevent

flooding the locks, a cofferdam had been left to the south

until

com-

pletion of the concrete work of the locks, and the subsequent increase

in thfi

io ncth Af tha Q3lnth

annmach

nirm to

1OAA

nrevented its

fl.I *i * U *flA *~ * SUE flE Si'..' * a~Zflfl' ~ Si L'A. ti V LJAA.LtJLA. L.~

feet

REPORT

OF CHAIRMAN

AND

CHIEF

^::::::::~~~~~ Ia :**jkj

ENGINEBR.

nor

auxiliary
th end o

mixers

consisting

Sthe locks on

two

2-cubic-yard

mixers

west side and of an average of 3.05

half-cubic yard mixers which were moved about as necessity required.

The concrete

was

handled

either

by derricks and locomotive cranes

cbdumped direct into
cubic yards were plain

place

through

chutes.

this

concrete at a cost. of $6.5432

total

39,465

per cubic yard

and 1,00 cubic yards were reenforced concrete at a cost of $9.7989

per cubic yard.

The total amount of concrete placed prior to July 1,

191,in the Pedro Miguel Locks was 906,293 cubic yards at an average

cost of $5.5061

per cubic yard.

The back filling of the lock,

wing walls, and center wall was cornm-

pleted during the year, and the riprap finish at the ends of the south

wing walls was partially placed.

was 3G7,150 cubic

yards,

The amount

U

of which 193,212 cubic

sed in
yards

back fill

were

center wall at a cost of $0.3895 per cubic yard, and the balance behind

the side walls at a cost of $0.4642 per cubic yard. The total amount
of back fill placed up to June 30, 1913, was 806,538 cubic yards back
of the lock walls at an average cost of $0.3889 per cubic yard, and
215,149 cubic yards in the center wall at a cost of $0.4480 per cubic
yard.
The west dam at Pedro Miguel, consisting of rock-filled sides and
puddled-clay core, was completed and the top finished at elevation 107

with

clay.

The

north

face

was

riprapped

with

hard

stone

85-foot level.

During the year 114,117 cubic yards of fill were added,

making the total in the cam 696,558 cubic yards.

sion cost

during the

year was

$0.3312

per cubic

The average divi-

yard;

average

division cost for the entire dam was $0.4471 per cubic yard.

The

Miraflores

Locks,

the placing of concrete,

including

excavation

were carried to completion

foundations

and

during the year.

The

foundation

work

for the

lower west

wall

was

seriously

inter-

fed with and retarded by slides and by the water-bearing strata of

the backs.

In some places it was necessary to build retaining walls

to prevent mud from flowing onto the foundation areas, and the slides

which

occurred

carried

the use of auxiliary

away

berm-crane

concrete mixers for

tracks,

laying the wal

nec
Ilb

diently high to secure a bearing for the berm-crane tracks.

_., ^. �-- S * -

-�~ I J. f : ..I i- . _.. . *_ .K .- -- nA -.A - t. aww .A *n -Jk * n- �:"

1essitating
ases suffi-
Similar
J"& / -. -

1T

* * **

REPORT ISTHMIAN

CANAL

COMMISSION.

of the wall constituting the return bulged slightly, but further move-
ment was checked by depositing material along the face of the return,
thus adding a counterweight.

The center approach

1,200
is of

feet

each

cellular

from

reenforced

piers

were constructed

angle

concrete

of the flare

walls.

construction

and

the full length

The

north

wall

is founded

concrete caissons sunk to rock.

These caissons consist of reenforced

concrete shells 7�

feet in

diameter and 1

foot thick,

built up

in sec-

tions 6 feet long and sunk progressively, the bottom shell being fitted

with a steel shoe for a cutting edge.

The caissons were sunk to bed-

rock at an average depth of 29.43

feet and filled

with concrete, thus

forming

solid

columns

rock.

They

were

spaced

15-foot

centers

longitudinally

and 27-foot centers transversely.

The

wall

was then

supported

on heavily reenforced

concrete girders spanning the cais-

sons in both directions.

The south approach wall is of massive con-

create and is founded on natural rock.

The construction

plant,

consisting

four

berm

and

four

cham-

cranes,

supplied

concrete

in the

manner

described

in the

last

annual report.

The

total amount of

concrete laid

in the Miraflores

Locks during the year was 450,792 cubic yards,. of which 402,607 cubic

yards

were

plain

concrete

an average

cost

$5.0273

cubic

yard and 48,185 cubic yards of reenforced concrete at an average cost

of $10.8023 per cubic yard.

Of the total amount, 308,914 cubic yards

were

laid

four

berm

cranes.

The

chamber

cranes

handled

218,135

cubic

yards

concrete

and

92,359

cubic

yards

the center wall.

The concrete

was furnished

in part by the

mixers

on the

berm

cranes

and

the 2-yard

mixers

installed

on the east

wall which operated from July 1

1912, to October 26,

1912, producing

97,603 cubic yards.

In addition

to the regular plant, an

average of

3.12 half-yard portable mixers were used throughout the year.

The

total

amount

concrete

laid

the Miraflores

Locks

the close of the year was 1,476,895 cubic yards at an average cost of

$5.0224 p
completed

zr cubic yard.

on May

The concrete work

the locks proper was

, except the reenforced concrete floor and stair-

way in the middle wall at the junction of the upper and lower locks,

which

1 ..I

were

completed

1 _

on June

There

remain

_ ---. - I

completed
Jt.- �

n 'rvh n�V nk nn^ n^T- �flr nnr'/- nw'r nn-u n�y^ rf- *^nuurr n.'wt nflfln nflr w.- a.*r n V.' Uw^ U~~~ WU rr^ U* WUS.. t-� UB WU Uf -� f *.

REPORT

CHAIRMAN

AND CHIEF ENGINEERB.

of the lock walls proper was placed at an average cost of $04068 per
cubic yard and that in the center wall and the centr approach piers
at an average cost of $0.5978 per cubic yard.

The

total amount of the back

placed

behind

the walls up to

June 30,1913,

was 2,006,054 cubic yards at an average cost of $0.8466

per cbic yard,

and

center

wall

157,2183

cubic

yards

storage cost Cf 6182 per cubic yard.

During September and
avatd for the spillway

limited

space

and

October, 1912, 9,896 cubic yards were ex-

dam

by the

excessive

rai

hydraulic
fall this

method.
method

Owing to
had to be

abandoned

and

no work was

done

until

beginning

dry

season, when

excavation

was

resumed

use of

steam shovels

and also by hand loading into skips which were handled by derricks

and

locomotive

cranes.

The

situation

was

complicated

due

fact that the central division tracks for hauling spoil from the Cut

to the

south

passed

through

spillway

site,

and

was

desired

to give the central division as much advantage during the dry season

as possible
September

It was assumed that the spillway must be completed by

1913,

and

meet

this

required

removal

central division tracks from the site by

March 1,1913; this was not

accomplished

until March 4, and

when the excavation

of the entire

could

proceed

was

found

that

more

material had

moved

than

was anticipated and

consequently

a greater amount of

concrete

was

needed.

Difficulty

was

also

experienced

due

fact that the Rio Grande passed through the site of the dam and had

to be

diverted

twice.

After the

concrete

west

end

damr
dike

was brought up

was

constructed

the elevation

confining

of the

water

bottom

a space

of the

river, a

sufficient

enable

discharge

through

an opening

that

was

left

concrete of the dam, and another dike built on the south side to con-

fin
were

water

fin shed

after

further

passage
trouble

through

from

this

opening.

source

was

After these
avoided. To

credit of

those engaged

the

construction,,

structure

was

completed,

notwith standing

natural

for which they were not responsible,
ig the pacing of the gates and the

thd walknvr on inn.

diffulties

on September

erection

and

1I, 1913,

of the steel

delays
includ-

work for

The oneninw for thA namsrn tf tha fin flranda

REPORT ISTHMIAN

CANAL COMMISSION.

average

cost

$5.7556

cubic

yard

and

cubic

yards

reenforced concrete at an average cost of $19.60 per cubic yard.

were
In

laying

this

concrete

narrow-gauge

tracks

were

laid

from

berm

cranes located

on the east side of the locks to

the south

toe of the

danm,
the

ending
concretee

various

mixed

spurs
ie bern

leading
n cranes

derricks

and

which

delivered

handled

on transfer

cars in 2-yard buckets.

The berm cranes mixed for use at the spill-

way 27,619 cubic yards, bucket measurement.

1.43

1-yard mixers

and

one

In addition, an

half-yard mixer

supplied

aver-
38,551

cubic
The

yards,

bucket measurement.

west dam at Miraflores was completed

during the

year,

with

the exception of the junction of the dam with the back fill along the

west

lock wall.

The

hydraulic

fill in

west dam

was completed

during the previous fiscal year and the total amount of dry fill added

was 418,375 cubic yards at a cost of $0.4076 per cubic yard.

As this

dry fill

was advanced over the hydraulic fill the softer material

was

crowded

sufficiently
side of th

the
hard
dam

center

t

and

o bear t
through

increased
tracks,

which

in height
an outlet

as much

i

and,

wvas
the

as

cut
soft

If

1 it was
on the
material

not
lest
as

possible

was crowded

assisted

a water jet.

What remained

was pushed over .on the west slope of the dam by raising and crowd-

ing the east dry fill.

this way

a complete covering was made to

full

grade,

leaving relatively

little

soft

material

within

dam.
Excavation in the dry between Pedro Miguel and Miraflores Locks

and south
being used
in swamp

of the locks was continued throughout the year, the spoil

back filling the

areas on

the east and

lock walls, for the dams, and filling

west sides of the canal.

The

total

amount removed

during the year was 379,626 cubic yards, car meas-

urement.

order

divide

more

equally

excavation

between

steam

shovels and dredges, so as to keep the latter at work, a new dike was
built across the canal approximately 3,300 feet north of the old one.

After closing down

the hydraulic excavating plant which had exca-

vated the area between these dikes to rock at elevation approximately

minus 20

the area

was drilled

minus 45 and

blasted

preparatory

i-~-~ h~; n iv n-srr.n .ini i-~A hr Arnrln.nc nfl-ar +h0 crab ta' ~ * fl * - * -K I k 'S SZ~43* *

- ~ ~ ~ 4- ~ A

riy-rlrvcio-Ry +TIAa rLayjaci

REPORT

OF CHAIRMAN

AND

CHIEF ENGINEER.

The Ancon

quarry was operated throughout the year with a cornm-

paratively

small

amount

time

lost o

repairs.

had

been

operation for oabut three years without a general overhauling until
May 16, 1913, when it was shut down for 10 days for the putting in

various

repair

parts,

including

shaft

in main crusher, general

overhauing of th four
driving shafts, etc A

6 rushers, lining up of screens, motors,

small No. 5 gyratory

crusher taken from the

o Rio rande quarry was installed on the floor of the south end
t the rock bins for the purpose of crushing a portion of the larger
rok in order to supply the increased demand for smaller sized stone.
The total amount produced was 688,301 cubic yards, of which 424,860
cubic yards were placed in storage, 21,301 cubic yards supplied to the
H^ X Cb

minaeipal su
divisions and

division,

and

departments.

161,311

The

total

cubic

yards

supplied

cost of the rock

other

delivered in

storage at the locks was $0.7795 per cubic yard; that furnished other
divisions and departments was supplied at a cost of $0.7853 per cubic

The hydraulic excavating plant continued at work until December
1, 1912, when it was taken out of service owing to the fact that most

of the remaining excavation

was hard rock.

The material removed

by this method

was used

for reclaiming tidal swamp

lands east of

and adjacent to the canal prism.

The total amount removed during

the year was 451,631 cubic yards, at a cost of $1.0113 per cubic yard,
making a total removed by this method of 1,549,904 cubic yards, at

an average cost of $0.69b9 per cubic yard.

At this cost

the entire

plant charge, $432,841.92,

was absorbed.

This

plant

was made by
o it be utili

was still in serviceable
Assistant Engineer W. I
zed in sluicing the soft

condition,

and

the suggestion

. Thompson that at least a part

material

which

was

found

te north side of Gold Hill and on

the top of the east bank

of the

0 Isbra Cut.

This bank had been to a certain extent stepped back

by steam shovels in the process of lightening the loads on the upper
part of the bank, but this work was stopped in August, 1912, on the
score that Lidgerwood ears could hot be spared for this service and
that the material could not be handled eononmically with steel side-

dump cars during the wet season.

The rain had

cracked

the bank

L.j. .. ^_J1 --� . A - - I /1 --t ^ ^E � . 11 ,^ ; 4^ +^

..... U ,, J"

L

REPORT ISTHMIAN

CANAL

COMMISSION.

might

make,

and

calculations

indicated

that

a sufficient

pool

could

be created

furnish

water for

pumps

sluice

back

into

depression to the east some of the clay that would otherwise fall into

the Cut.
division,

The proposition did not appeal to the officials of the central

after

renewed

activity

Cucaracha

slide

was

decided to make use of the sluicing plant for this purpose.

tion selected for the pumps and
Cucaracha Hill could be taken <

pipe line

and

The loca-

was such that the rear of

washed

back into

valley

to the east by the use of relay pumps and, further,

whatever material

remained on the Cut side of Cucaracha Hill could be washed down to

the dredges,

thereby finishing up Cucaracha slide

good

and

These considerations led to the adoption of this method

of sluicing,

and
fifth

work was

division.

placed in

Work

on the

charge of the

installation

resident

of the

engineer

of the

hydraulic pumping

mains and flumes was started on February

1, 1913.

Two boilers and

two

Worthington

pumps

were

erected,

with

necessary

flumes.

The dam has created a lake of approximately

180 acres,

with

a drainage area of

4 square miles.

The elevation

at the

bottom

the suction at the pumping plant is 214 feet above sea level, and the

elevation

of the pipes forming the spillway is 228.

The material is

washed back into the depression which forms the lake, and discharges

such a distance

sluicing is returned

from

pumping plant

the lake and

used

that

over again,

water used

thus requiring

only a small inflow to keep the lake at constant elevation.

Sluicing

was begun on June 17, 1913, and 57,274 cubic yards were removed by

this method

at an average cost of $0.1835

per cubic yard.

Booster

pumps have been ordered

and when received operations for attacking

the rear of Cucaracha Hill will be begun.
To meet an increased demand for water at Ancon and Panama two

pressure

filters were

removed from

Miraflores

power

house and

installed in the Ancon filtration

dation
Pedro

16-inch

Miguel

and

Rio

Grande

plant.
water

Miraflores

On account of future

main

power

was

house,

taken

and

inun-

between

work

relaying it along the Panama Railroad line was partially completed

close

year.

Construction

work

on the

locks

made

necessary tu
I

- .- -a - A~

relay
ii S

portions

A .

of the

O11

10-inch main

"4n * I

between

Cocoli

11

C. " n. - C. ~n ne . n wr C - Vt fl * a~ .. ' a rt m .... fl r S.' fl tI* * un n nfl

REPORT

OF CHAIRMAN

AND

CHIEF

ENGINEER.

the year of $3,323.95, of which
road roller. The total amount
ments up to June 30, 1913, was

$2,879.80 was for the

purchase of

expended in Panama for the improve-
$226,289.91.

Work was started on the permanent town site at Balboa in March
and included the installation of 750 linear feet of reenforced-concrete
storm sewer and 1,222 linear feet of reenforced-concrete drains, filling
hydraulically of a portion of the town site with material pumped from

inner

harbor excavation

, laying out of the

permanent laborers'

bmcks, and the location of the permanent administration building.

lI eonaection

mat1al

with

were excavated

latter,

approximately

preparatory to

36,500 cubic yards

installation

founda-

tion, concrete piers for the columns were placed, and the erection of
the stl frame for the superstructure was begun.

Sanitary work

consisted

cleaning

593,127

drains, excavating 5,079 cubic yards of new

1p023382

linear

feet of

cement

drains,

filling

linear

sarth
2,86

feet

earth

drains, sweeping

2

cubic

yards

holes and swamps, laying 2,520

linear feet of tile drains, construct-

img

10,566

linear

feet

cement

drains,

and

clearing

acres

vegetation.

For

further

information

concerning

operations

fifth

division, attention is invited to Appendix D.
SIXTH DIVISION.

As alr
dredging
purposes

eady
and
were

c ief engi never.

Ct in

p esent

October,

keeps

noted,

on the

procuring

organized

into

abolition

sand

from

a separate

Pacific

Cham6
district

It was decided in February, 1913,

1918, by removal
it the waters of

of the dike at

lake.

division

construction

reporting

flood

Gamboa,

was

Culebra

which

estimated

that

- - a

dbsovdi 30,000 cubic yards had to be removed from the lake section
north *of -Gambon and that this could be done most economically by

dredging

small

spalls,

Oucaracha

could

slide, whi
Removed

kh consists la
economically

srgel
by

steam

clay

and

shovels

after the heavy rains had set in, but could be handled efficiently by

suction

dredges;

the conclusion

quent to the admission

was

reached,

of water into the

therefore,

Cut in

that subse-

October the

work

1KI ::

1c

REPORT ISTHMIAN

CANAL

COMMISSION.

The fleet available on the Atlantic side of the canal consists of the

seagoing

dredge

Caribbean

S5-yard

dipper

dredges

Chagre 8

and

Mindi, French ladder

tion

dredges.

One

dredges Nos. 1
f the pipe-line

and 5, and five

dredges,

after

pipe-line suc-
finishing the

hydraulic fill in the dam,

was overhauled and laid up in Gatun Lake

until

water in

lake

was of a sufficient depth

for it to begin

operations north

of Gamboa

, the other dredges operated

within

canal

prism

north

about

milepost

covering

a length

about

5 miles of the channel, removing therefrom during the year 5,730,379

cubic yards of

earth and

753,029 cubic yards of rock, at an average

cost of $0.2093 per cubic yard.

On July

1, 1913,

there remained

be removed from the prism 1,837,000 cubic yards of earth and 99,600

cubic

yards

rock.

rock

680,176 cubic yards were dumped in

excavated

vicinity

from 1
of the

channel,

west break-

water, making a

total to date furnished by the dredges for this pur-

pose of 1,810,108 cubic yards.

Of this amount,

651,000 cubic

yards

were dumped within the breakwater section proper.

In the removal

of rock from the channel

the drill boat Terrier drilled 43,062

linear

feet in the prism, breaking a total of 394,526 cubic yards of material.
At the end of the fiscal year 40 feet of water could be carried through
approximately the first mile and a half of the channel, 35 feet through

next

5 miles,

and

between

this

and

locks

depth

varied

from

feet.

The

siltage

in the

canal

prism

year

amounted to 2,084,000 cubic yards.

addition

to work in

the channel and in

the excavation for the

wing walls and north

center approach

pier

of the

locks already re-

ported, t
Cristobal

he dredges
, of the dry

operated

in the

dock at the

same

vicinity

new

docks

locality, of the mouth of the

Mindi

French

canal

and

Margarita

Island.

proach channel to the new

docks at Cristobal

665,018 cubic yards of

earth were removed at an average cost of $0.0614 per cubic yard, and

from
cubic

the slip

yards

between Piers 16 and

earth

and

189,284

on the new terminals 155,693

cubic

yards

coral

rock

were

dredged

at an average cost of $0.3089 per cubic yard.

The

Terrier

also drilled 4,511 feet at the site of the permanent bridge across the

French

canal

railroad

connection

with

coaling

plant,

~a.

and

REPORT

CHAIRMAf

AND CHIEF

ENGINEER.

Ah Paifl tnnce of the canal

going suction

dredge Culebra, 5-yard

there were employed the sea-
dipper dredge Cardenas, four

French ladder dredges, the seagoing ladder dredge Corozal, and one

pipe- ie suction

dredge.

The

pipe-line

suction

dredge

was

trans-

fr from the Atlantic end when it had completed its work on the

hydraulic f1l for the Gatun Dam.

It was dismantled, the hull cut in

section and moved over by railroad to Balboa,

was put in com mission
was3b in commlJl wIissi-on

on November

1912.

For the

remainder

of the year it was employed

principally in

dredging material from

the site of the proposed inner harbor and terminal basin at Balboa.

The total amount removed from

the canal

prism during the year

aggregated 4,321,956 cubic yards, of which 1,047,929 cubic yards were
rok. The average cost during the year was $0.3238 per cubic yard.
At the close of the fiscal year there remained to be removed from the

prism
rock.
121,161
Teredo

1,847,774

cubic

yards

earth

and

1,600,000

Of the total amount of rock removed from

cubi
and

c

yards

were

drilled

broken by the

rock

cubic y
,he canal

dril

breaker

yards

I prism,
1 barge
Vulcan.

The remainder includes

operations

inm previous

rock which had

years

and

material

been br
l which

ken by
could 1

Star

drill

handled

by the dredges without drilling and blasting.

Auxiliary

dredging outside of the canal

342 cubic yards, of which

prism aggregated

3,695 cubic yards were of rock.

1,457,-
Of this

auxiliary work, 1,453,647

cubic yards of earth and 3,695 cubic yards

of rock were removed from the inner harbor and terminal basin site.
At the close of the year there remained to be removed from the inner
harbor and terminal basin, 6,363,240 cubic yards of earth and 372,062

cubic yards of rock.

The clearing of this site extended over an area

of 1,050,988 square feet and consisted of cutting brush and trees and

blasting
diversion

stumps.
channel,

An
for

orange-peel
draining s

dredge

wamp

excavated

lands

7,800

Balboa

feet
be

claimed by hydraulic filling.
During the year, 445,658 cubic yards of sand, bucket measurement,
were procured from Cham6 by dredging and transferred to the sand

bins at Balboa at a cost of $0.5378 per cubic yard in
this amount, 435 758 cubic yards were transferred to

a^^ :^ .A- aH -Jf -~ j^ - ... _.-. -^

AnnKK KKKnnK

and after reerection

65,953 cubic

and

yards

blasted

the bins.

the stock piles

I

*

ri

o]

(

REPORT

ISTHMIAN

CANAL

COMMISSION.

Arrangements

Corosal

will

were
moved

made
L into

which

Culebra

i two suction
Cut as soon

dredges and

as the

locks

the
will

permit of their passage and the depth of water is sufficient, with a view

attacking Cucaracha slide.

The suction

dredges will remove the

clay and,

assisted by relay pumps located on the 95-foot level on the

west bank,

will discharge into the Rio Grande

Valley.

The Corozal

will

handle

heavier material,

depositing it

in the

low

areas

Gatun Lake.

Anticipating the necessity for completing the Cut by

dredges,

a contract

was entered

into

on January

1913,

construction

largest

and

and

most

delivery
powerful

Colon

type

in use.

two

dipper

dredges of the
to be equipped

with 15-yard

buckets or dippers

for dredging soft material and

yard

buckets

for rock.

Deliveries

are expected

tidewater in

United States
and January :

, ready for shipment to the Isthmus, December

, 1914.

1, 1913,

To serve these dredges six dump scows of 1,000

cubic yards capacity were contracted for under date of June 13, 1913;
two of these scows are to be delivered on or before December 12, 1913,

two

on or before

January

1914,

and

remaining

two

on or

before March 13

1914.

For further details attention

is invited

Appendix E.

SECOND DIVISION.

This

division

charge

design

and

construction

terminal facilities, meteorological

work, supervision

of the mechani-

cal division

, and of expenditures and allotment

for the work.

It is

charge of Mr. H.
the chief engineer.

H. Rousseau

United

States Navy, as assistant

The act approved August 28,

1902, authorizing the construction of

canal

directed

President

"also

construct

such

safe

and

commodious harbors at the termini of said canal as shall be necessary

for the safe and

convenient

use thereof."

The estimate of the cost

canal

construction ol
thing for such

, prepared

in December,

1908,

breakwaters,

harbor improvements

as m8

made
but did
y be cl

provision

assed

for the

as terminal

facilities,

which h

iad
rt.

been

operated

and

provided

heretofore by the

-- n- -- J^ kkka nq- ice. nnm-1 -h

They

Sthe necessary

not include any-

I T \
N'^ni W

REPORT

OF CHAIRMAN

AND

CHIEF

ENGINEER.

Railroad or otherwise; dry docks, repair shops, yards, docks, wharves,
warehouses, storehouses, and other necessary facilities for the purpose

providing

coal

and

other

materials,

labor,

repairs,

and

supplies

for vessels of the Government of the United States and, incidentally,

for supplying such

a reasonable

price

passing vessels."

The

sndry oii act approved August 24,1912, made the necessary appro-

priations for the work.

While, in anticipation of favorable action by

Congress, some preliminary work was undertaken, active operations
could not be begun until last fall; consequently the terminal facilities
can not be completed by the time the canal is ready for passing vessels.

The Pe ficl terminals,

which are being constructed by the commis-

sion,

will consist of a main

dry

dock

capable of docking any vessel

that can utilize the lo ks, a smaller dry

dock for the use of smaller

craft, a plant for supplying coal and fuel oil to vessels, the necessary
rharves and piers for commercial purposes, and the permanent shops
for use in connection with the dry docks.

The Atlantic terminals consist of wharves and

including the Cristobal mole,

piers at Cristobal,

all of which are being constructed by

Panama

Railroad

own

expense,

and

main

plant

supplying coal and fuel

to vessels; the cost of the coaling plant

will
Co.,

be divided

while

between

commission

the commission

will

furnish

and

facilities

Panama

Railroad
General

drawings showing the layout of these terminals will be found in the

annual report for

1912.

As already noted, the larger dry dock will be able to dock a vessel

1,00 feet long and

will

have an

entrance

width

110 feet.

The

depth of water over the top of the blocks at mean sea level

will be

feet, at mean high

water 41.5

feet,

and at mean low water 29.8

This dock will rest on rock and for a considerable portion of

its depth will be in solid rock.

The general design of the dry docks

has

been

worked

out and

preparation

detail

drawings cornm-

minced.

Mitering

lock

gates,

similar

those

canal

locks

and operated in the same manner, will forp the closure to the dock,

and

beyond

gates proper

a seat

for the floating

caisson

which

will be constructed for general canal use.

The dock will be flooded

by means of longitudinal ducts in the side walls communicating with
�L - 2f -. .� L.H -. .A 1- 11 ". nn itS "1 .2 :s n n *i -~ iL LI a a1 a T J r~L L . t4

feet.

REPORT ISTHMIAN

CASAL

COMMISSION.

water.

Suitable

tracks

a 50-ton

locomotive

crane

will

provided entirely around the dock.

All necessary capstans and bol-

lards will

be installed and a pipe tunnel,

with suitable outlets,

will

be constructed around the dock.

Stairways leading to the floor will

be built on each side at the entrance, on each side at the head, and at

two

points along the length

of each side wall.

At the intermediate

points arrangements will be made
into the dock. A contract was ent

e

by which material
red into October 22

can

, 1912,

passed
for one

pair

steel

delivered

canal

mitering

on the

locks

leaves

Isthmus.

that

and

These

miter and

fixed
gates
quoin

irons 1
differ

ends

fabricated

from

and

those

fitted

with

green heart bearing pieces, rather than

provided for lock gates.

with the metal bearing pieces

This change was adopted in the interest of

increased water-tightness, as the dock will stand dry for the greater

portion

of the time, and the amount of metal

exposed

to the action

of sea

water will

be reduced.

The smaller dry dock will have sufficient length to dock a ship 350

feet long, a

width at entrance of 71 feet,

with a depth of water over

the top of the keel
mean high water of

blocks at mean sea level

of 16 feet

10 inches, at

feet 4 inches, and at mean low water of 11 feet

inches.

This

dock

was

substituted

two

marine

railways

originally
preference

contemplated,

such

a dock

Navy

and

Department

local

conditions

having

expressed

favoring

This

dock will be founded on rock

of gravity section.

, but the greater part of its walls will be

The dock will be closed by a floating steel caisson

bearing against granite sills when in place.

The method of flooding

will be similar to that for the larger dock and the flow of water will

be similarly

controlled.

For emptying the dock the

pumping plant

of the

larger dock will be

utilized.

Access to the

floor of the dock

will be by means of four stairways, two at the entrance and two at the

head

alongside each

latter two

material

slides

will

con-

structed.

It will be provided with the same accessories as the larger

dock.

The

wharves

and

docks contemplated

will

consist of a quay wall

1,238 feet long between the head of Slip No. 1 and the northeast end
of the new Panama Railroad concrete dock, and 1 pier 1,000 feet long

- -- - . a . S -

*- - 0l t -I

4I **i -4 -I J- . W

*l fl U. A.. .U - I I . *L _ . A-- * -- ... s I I- * I ... . I - - . J I **- . - ..I - - -- �~ -.I -

KEPORT

a :'!: a - j l k - - . :*-. . . -- . . .

ORAIRMAN

AND

IP9u-~s 1u i- (J1NGINEERt

cavatedto 45 feet below mean tide.

The elevation of Pier No. 1 and

the adjoining wharves at the head of the slips has been placed at 16

fat B inches.

T he . el of the quay wall adjoining the Panama Rail-

road D k has been fixed at elevation 17, the same level as the Panama
RiWrond Dock.
The coaling station on the Pacific side will be adjacent to the site
of the dry dock and will be capable of handling and storing 100,000

tons of

coal,

with a

possible

increase of

cent.

Subaqueous

storage willbe provided for 50,000 ton

Specifications were issued

for the coal-handling plants at the two terminals and proposals asked

for plants in accordance with the general specifications.

These plants

are to be delivered and

erected in

place

by the contractor,

the sub-

structure and all other work in connection therewith to be performed

by the commission

with its own forces.

Bids were opened on June

14, and

when

award is

determined

plans conforming

with

machinery will be prepared for the substructure.

The specified rate

for unloading coal from vessels into the storage piles has been fixed
at 250 tons per hour for e ch machine, and the desire is to unload two
vessels at one time at the Atlantic plant, with two unloading machines
to each vessel, and one vessel at the Pacific plant with two machines.
The reloading capacity-that is, transferring coal from storage into
collier or barge-has been fixed, after consideration of the reloading

capacity

of modernm

commercial

plants in

United States,

at the

rate of 500 tons per hour for each machine.

It is proposed to equip

the Atlantic plant so thattwo vessels can be loaded at one time,

with

two machines serving each vessel, and on the Pacific side so that one

vessel can be loaded

with

two machines.

The main machine shops were located at Gorgona,

which

will

flooded by the lake as the waters rise.

The shops at Balboa and Cris-

tohal, in connection with the shipways and dry docks at these locali-

ties,

were generally

adequate for the maintenance and repair of the

dre4ging

fleet.

With

adoption

of the

policy

giving

repair

facilities to any vessel that could use the locks, as well as to the Navy,

the construction of new

shops near the dry docks became necessary.

The permanent shops proper will consist of 18 buildings for the ma-
chine, erecting, and tool shops; forge shop; steel storage shed; boiler
nun hitnfittn Ar * (hTInn rnnaal Qthnrahncim Tninst chnmn. rnQ Qcr * nlaln

REPORT

ISTHMIAN

CANAL

COMMISSION.

which formed

the old town.

The Panama Railroad yard was aban-

doned after a new yard
porary use. Considerab

work expeditiously

and

track facilities were

)le difficulty

and

provided for ternm-

was experienced in

economically

carrying on

because of the interests of

other

divisions

and

departments

whose

work

and.

operations

could

not be interrupted.

To provide room around the head of the location

of the
French

main
pier,

dry

dock for tracks and a

highway

the northwest slope of Sosa Hill

leading to

was removed,

the old
184,682

cubic yards of rock and

181,729

cubic yards of

earth

or a total

366,411 cubic yards being excavated.

The total quantity excavated in

preparing the site

was 389,567

cubic yards at a cost of

$0.5447

cubic yard.

The greater part of this material

was used to fill in the

adjacent swamp to bring the area up to the adopted grade,

and some

of the rock was furnished the Atlantic division for paving the south

slope of Gatun Dam.

The original surface elevation of the dry-dock

was

the deepest general

excavation

for the

foundation

will

therefore

be about

feet.

The lowest

shovel

cut on

June

30 was

12 feet below

sea level

on the coaling-plant site at the southwest

end of the excavation.

From this site

203,699 cubic yards of material

were removed, at an average cost of $0.8461

per cubic yard, of which

56,900 cubic yards were rock.

The site

for the smaller dry

dock is

at present occupied by the shipways and shops of the dredging divi-

sion,

which

abandoned

until

other

repair

facilities

floating equipment are available elsewhere.

To protect the entrance

of the main dry dock and the entire area to be occupied by the smaller

dock, and to enable the removal in

the dry

of as much rock as pos-

sible

from

facilitate

a cofferdam

entrance

the construction

composed

basin

main

dry

dock,

as well

of the coaling-plant quay wall and

clay

riprapped

with

rock

around

as to
basin,
these

various works was

begun

on April 1,

1913.

When

complete it will

be about 1,000 feet in length.
For the construction of the quay walls and pier the rock is found

at an average elevation of 60 feet below mean tide,

in some cases be-

ing as high as 33 feet and in others as low as 66 feet below this level.

The elevation

of the

original

swamp

was

about

9 and

the material

through

which the concrete cylinders are to be sunk is a fine, sticky,

- - -~ - a a

2~ C
<4>

REPORT

OF CHAIRMAN

fUAND CHeF ENGINEER.

iron and concrete weights in conjunction with the water jet.

considered

that the
service i

progress
Available.

advisable

this late

sinking the

After

cylin

date

cylinders were
Elders were

0 increase
depended

sunk

It was

plant,

on the

several

feel

crane
into

rock they were filled with concrete.

forced

concrete

beams

for

They are to be capped by reen-

supporting

floor.

The

area

within

which the quay walls and pier are to be constructed was inclosed by

dike

which

was

begun in July

of 1912.

During the

year, of the

2,500 feet of cylinders that

will be required

to complete the

work,

12,435

feet

were

placed.

Of this

amount

, 8,450

feet

were

main quay wall, 289 feet for the walls at the head of Slips 1 and 2,

and 3,696
averaged

feet for
$18.4708

Pier
per

The cost of these cylinders in

linear

place

foot.

During the year the greater portion of the area to be occupied by

the
land

shops

was

brought

with material

made

ip to grade
available by

filling

excavating

low

operation

swampy
is. The

natural surface of the ground

was not sufficiently stable to hold

the buildings, so it was found necessary to reach rock for the founda-

tions

excavating to

it where sufficiently near the surface,

or by

driving piles to the rock,

sea level.

cylinders,

which in places was as low as 56 feet below

Near the water front it was necessary to use 4-foot steel

filled

with

concrete

and

sunk

rock,

foundations.

During the year the number of piles driven was 3,750 at an average

cost of $0.4820 per linear foot,

and 7,787

cubic yards of concrete at a

cost of $9.2091 per cubic yard were placed in the footings and in the

tannel.

operating

tunnel,

running

through

center

and

right

angles to the length of the main shop buildings, is under construction

for carrying and making accessible all pipe and cable conduits.

The

main trunk will have a clear height of 6

feet and a.

width of 4 feet

6 inches,

and

with

branches

the same

height and

a width

feet 6 inches.
fire-alarm

The tunnel will contain all power, light, telephone, and

bbles,

and

water,

mains, and the main sewer.

occupied
drains.

shop

steam,

Rain

buildings

fuel-oil,

and

water will be carri

means

surface

For its construction a steam shovel mounted

- r_

compressed-air
ed off the area

gutters

on skids,
nfL

and
with
- 1

!

__J dfk J �-*L

REPORT ISTHMIAN

CANAL

COMMISSION.

necessary for these and for the floor of the building was complete
during the year.
A little more than 25 miles of track were laid during the year, of

which

Panama

road

amount

9,212

feet

were

remainder

Sosa Hill,

tracks

construction

which had

use of the

purposes.

reconstructed,

The
was

3,300 feet long.

The

6,000

steel
tons,

framework

being

furnished

shop
and

buildings,

erected

aggregating

contract

about
dated

October

1912

$0.036

pound

main

buildings.

supplemental order was given

on January 25, 1913, for the steel for

nine

toilet buildings and

began

last week

paint

February

house.

and

The

rolling of the steel

the first shipment left

Balti-

more on March 30.

On June 30 the status of the work was about as

follows

material had

been rolled in

the mill,

66.5

per cent

finished in shops, 56.5 per cent shipped to tidewater, and 43 per cent
shipped to the Isthmus.
A contract was made October 24, 1912, for 6,500 squares of reen-

forced
chine

cement

shops

ile roofing
$10.25 per

for all
square

quarter-pitched

delivered

and

roofs

of the

$13.25

ma-

square

erected

in place,

commission

furnishing

certain

materials,

such

as sand and cement, and facilities, such as suitable buildings, power,

and water.

All tile is being manufactured on the Isthmus, at Paraiso.

The contract required all plant to be on the Isthmus by

January 25,

1913, and

the completion of manufacture by

June 25, 1913.

close of the year 49.12 per cent had been manufactured
cent had been laid.

and

At the
7.9 per

For the Atlantic terminals the quay wall and

one pier were prac-

tically

completed

Panama

Railroad

during

year,

material purchased for the steel work for the sheds, and a subsequent

contract

made

diamond-drill

erection.

The

of the

coaling

Railroad

station

also
and

made
work

was begun

by the dredging division

in June,

1913

on drilling and

blasting preparatory to dredging alongside the proposed coaling pier.

designing the

permanent shops the

principle

was

aimed

reduce to a minimum the cost of repairs and renewals,

without exceed-

---------------------------- - Li - f k- 21I :-- __ L. l - Eat a^:- *q L - a i jk a - j43 Hf.a..4a J at 4! aL .- hN Ia j-h C i a. *-

Railroad,
he foot of

permanent

under

borings

Panama

-frM 0 *RIf:AN

AND OHIEP ENGINEER.

tion

will be employed.

Buildings which require it will be closed in

with wails of hollow terra-cotta tile, plastered

with cement mortar;

other

buildings,

such

as the main metal

and

wood

working

shops,

which d tnot require to be closed in

will be surrounded

with a con-

create

wall

feet 6

inches high,

above

which

there

will

movable

metal shutters or louvers as protection against wind and rain.

The

pattern shop and storehouse will have a second floor consisting of a

reenforced

concrete

slab

resting on steel

beams and

girders incased

Concrete.

The lumber shed and steel-storage

shed

will have

fet floors surfaced with cinders, sand, or gravel.

In the main shops

the floor will consist of a concrete base covered with 3Si-inch creosoted
wooden blocks.
The selection and location of equipment in the different shops was

practically

completed

during the

year.

The

greater number of the

machines and
present shops.

tools for the permanent shops will be taken from the
While many of them have seen hard service and are

less efficient than those of recent design, it is considered

to install an11 d use them
IJsital

until

the character and

quantity

economical
of work to

performed

new

plant

become

definitely

known,

so as to

enable the types and sizes of machines best adapted to the work to be

selected.

Electric

power

44,000

volts

delivered

transmission line to a substation adjacent to

the pump

well

of Dry

Dock No. 1, where the voltage will be reduced to 2,200 volts for dis-
tribution. The shops have been arranged in four groups as regards
electric distribution and bach group provided with transformers and

switchboards for reducing the voltage.

All power used in the plant

will

be 3-phase, 25-cycle, 220-volt,

except 220-volt direct current in

the machine shop for variable-speed tools.

Duplicate motor-genera-

sets

will

installed

machine

shop

furnishing

current required.

In a
pletion

anticipation

of requirements that will

develop

after

of the canal, investigations and inspections were

cornm-

made dur-

ing the past two years of the principal floating cranes in the

States and Canada, as well as abroad,

United

with a view to determining the

type
ei *^***

crane that

will

best

meet

canal

requirements.

The

con-

clusion was reached that two floating cranes of the largest size would

REPORT ISTHMIAN

CANAL

COMMISSION.

investigation

and

inspection

of the

most

modern

and largest

harbor tugs in use on the Atlantic coast of the

United States and in

the leading
years, and

ports
the e

England

timates

was
the

also
fiscal

made
year

during
1913-14

last

included

two
an

amount

considered

sufficient

purchase

four

such

tugs.

Arrangements were made at the close of the past year for the prep-
aration of plans and specifications for suitable tugs for the purpose.

Numerous

applications

have

been

received

from

coal

dealers

loading space for the handling of their coal in supplying vessels that

will use the canal.

No authority exists for leasing any land or land

under water in the Canal Zone, except the act of February 27, 1909,
which provides for the leasing of land for agricultural purposes only.

was

nopoly

never intended

of the coal

that

business

Government

on the

should

Isthmus,

exercise
utilize t

a mo-

coal

stored here for the use of the Navy in maintaining uniform prices of

this

product

shipping.

order

encourage

individuals

and

companies in the business of furnishing coal to vessels which use the

canal

, the policy has been adopted of providing storage in connection

with
Spaniel

both
swh

coaling plants

)

desire

for the coal

participate

in the

piles of individuals

business.

There

and
will

com-

certain rental charge for the areas and

in addition, a real estate tax

of 1

per cent of the

value of the improvements, should any be made,

and a merchandise tax of 5 cents for each 2,000 pounds of coal sold.
The Government will do all the handling and charges for putting the
coal into storage and taking it out, charges for the use of coal barges,

and

other

price to
adopted

labor in

connection

Government

with reference to oil.

vicinity

with
such

this service

service.

will

The

be fixed at cost

same

It is proposed to equip the

of the coaling station at the

13 and 14 at Mount Hope on

Pacific terminus and

the Atlantic side

with

policy

was

wharf in

docks

fuel-oil supply

and

delivery mains in

duplicate,

together with

the necessary pumps,

so that the Government will be able to handle satisfactorily

all fuel

oil, including fuel oil of individuals and companies who may wish to
participate in the fuel-oil business on the Isthmus, on the same gen-
eral terms as those applying to the coal business.

contract was entered into

on October

, 1912, for four storage

tnnir

iA1 ia ma4ir

anri

fnot

hTiahhf.

acrh

h'avnna

.... ... . .

fant

... f

*

iV" - ...- ^-: _ --: ___ . - __. ~~: ___ � -, __ _ -: - *-,-* . *w:i- W kj IIrl~tBiU ~ H t W -h�- M:l.lc- 1 ** < - ^f B *^

REPORT

CHAIRMAN

AND OHTit ENGINEER.

records were
Twenty-six

kept
'ainfall

t Gatun
Stations

Pedr
were

m

Miguel,

S a,

in operation,

and
of

Miraflores.

which

were

equipped with standard and 11

with automatic ramin gauges.

Evapo-

ration stations were maintained at Ancon, Rio Grande,

Gatun Lake,

BwasosBrook reservoir

and

Colon.

Seismograph

stations

were

operation at
we located

Ancon and

Colon

Gatun.

and

Duplicate automatic tide registers

Balboa.

For

Fortification

Board

maximumrn and minimum temperatures were recorded

Mfraflores dumps.

Regular gauging work was discontinued

on the
on the

smaller streams at the end of the year 1912, the work being interfered

with by ba ckwater from

Gatun Lake.

The most important hydrological change during the year was the

rig, of Gatun Lake.

July

1912,

the elevation

was 31.

The

stage of the water fluctuated, as regulated at the spillway, reaching

an extreme

height

56.28

feet

above

level

on November

From studies made it appears that the lake basin is subject to

very

little

seepage

other

underground

losses.

The

records

Chagres River and its tributaries show the calendar year, 1912, to be

second in order of dryness since American

largest freshet since December,

1910,

occupation in 1904.

occurred

on November 28

The
and

29, 1912,

when there was a rise of 19.6 feet at

Vigia and of 12.3 feet

at Alhajuela, the discharge at the latter point being 54,000 cubic feet
per second.

The

haboye

average
normal,

temperature for
especially

calendar

dry

year

season.

1912

March

was

well

was

warmest

month

Ancon

and

April

Culebra

and

Colon.

The

highest temperatures recorded in April-97�

at Culebra-established new

high

F. at Ancon a

temperature records

nd 96� F.
these sta-

tons.

November was the coolest month at all stations, the minimum

rpcorded being 65�
The rainfall du

F. at Culebra.

ring

1912

was

below

normal

everywhere

except

immediately along the Pacific coast, although generally heavier than

the annual rainfall for

1911.

The heaviest precipitation

was

147.61

inches, at Porto
at Ancon.

Bello, and the minimum rainfall

was

71.78 inches,

There was a notable excess in

wind movement during

1912.

The

Mrik ft a

-1 .. . -

-W s- a

dlPT 0 TT

1 E' 0 i

A

nfl a nfl - A

a tTowe dhw Tra 8t 8 .

REPORT ISTHMIAN

CANAL

CO MISSION.

Surveys

were

made

Miraflores

lake

watershed,

Corozal

Hospital

farm, Darien Radio Station reservation for the Navy

De-

apartment, Chagres River from Gamboa to the Zone boundaryto locate

gravel banks, and the area in

the vicinity of Mount

Hope

proposed

for oil storage.
the Canal Zone

The boundary line between the city

was run

out and monuments

of Panama and

located.

error of

100 meters was found in the recorded distance between triangulation
stations Gamboa and Obispo, the recorded distance being 1,093.34 and

the correct distance

1,193.34 meters.

Considerable survey work was

also done for the department of law and the joint land commission.
Further details concerning the work of the second division will be
found in Appendix F.

The mechanical

work,

performed

by the mechanical

division

and

elsewhere on the Isthmus, will be found in report of Lieut. Col.
Dickson, United States Army, forming Appendix G.

CONSTRUCTION OF THE NEW PANAMA RAILROAD.

The

construction

new

line

Panama

Railroad

was

practically

completed on May 25, 1912,

when

the portion of the line

from

Gamboa

over to t
consisted

Pedro

railroad

Miguel

and

company and

back

accepted.

Gold
Work

Hill

was turned

during the year

of riprapping the slopes of the embankments through

Gatun Lake section,

building a lift span

of the bascule type

bridge

spanning

Gatun

River

automatic signals throughout the

Lieut.

Frederick Mears,

line.

United States

Monte
Their
Army,

Lirio,

and

work was in

chief

installing
charge of

engineer

of the

Panama Railroad.
Material from Culebra Cutwas utilized during the year in strength-
ening the embankments near mile posts 20, 21, and 24, and also the

embankment

in the

Brazos

Valley.

The

total

amount

material

used for the purpose was 257,831 cubic yards.
The bridge across the Gatun River at Monte Lirio consists of the
three plate-girder spans formerly used on the old line of the railroad

crossing the

Chagres

River

Barbacoas.

The

center

span,

103-foot plate girder,

was converted into a lift span by the addition

lifting

trusses,

lifting

mechanism

and

counterweight.

will

REPORT

OF CHAIRMAN

AND

CHIEF

ENGINEER.

the main

tracks are

not on

permanent

grade

and

alig" ent.

The

signals placed between Pedro Miguel and Cooz were moved
when it became necessary to use the nw hine ofthe railroad for the

passage of

dirt trains to enule the c ing

of the old line

for the

construction of the Miraflores spilwy.
For further details, attetion is invited to Appendix H.

JRAIGA $ONS.

approved

August

1912,

.
$1 000,000 was made for the gun and mortar batteries for the defense
of the canal against naval attack making the total 'a
appropriate

$3,000,000,
the ~work.

which

is sufficient

addition,

---_--

for the completion

$200,000

were

- - l.'

of this

appropriated

--r. r-- r- - ,ww ^,-

portion
Island

senses.

Work was continued during the year on the gun and mortar bat-

tries.

The

detailed

surveys

necessary

location

land

defenses were

well advanced

to completion and arrangements made

begin

work

on July

, 1913,

on the

construction

redoubts

accordance with

plans prepared

a board

appointed for the pur-

pose and approved by the Secretary of War.

During the year 416,542.5 cubic yards of excavation, at an average

cost of $0.9225

per cubic yard,

were done;

131,952.8 cubic yards af

concrete,

an average

cost of $7.0670 per

cubic

yard,

were

93,808 linear feet of piling, at a cost of $0.4311 per linear foot,
driven; and 100,957 cubic yards of filling, at a cost of $0.172

laid;
were
0 per

oubic yard,

were done by one of the dredges.

The amount expended

ror gun
$41790.95.

and

mortar

batteries

was

$1,432,767.01,

I

Thework was in charge of Lieut. George R. Goethals, United

Army, assisted by Lieut. A. LH. Aeher,
1. M. Elder and Mr. H. P. Warre

surveys

States

United States Army, and Mr.

n as

superintendents

con-

struction.

COST KREPfNG.

the -me thods of cost keeping
continued throughout the year.

adopted

on Jwruary

1, 010,

were

In addition to thoereported a year

aUo. cost accounts were initiated for theernetion 1f rmnent hid-

By

appropriation

� --row V

REPORT

ISTHMIAN

CANAL COMMISSION.

the office.

These projects, as well as the construction of the dock at

Cristobal and of the new

Washington Hotel at Colon, are in charge

of the Panama Railroad Co., and their costs are not included in this

report.

The

costs

made

labor

engaged

in and

material applied

to the work, an arbitrary to absorb

the cost of the

plant,

and

a proper

proportion

division

overhead

charges.

The general expenses of the commission are prorated to the different
parts of the work and must be added to the division costs in order to

determine

sarily

have

total

control

costs.
over

division

items

which

engineers
make un

neces-

these

general

expenses, the costs reported are the division costs, except where noted

contrary.

The

cost-keeping

accountant

Mr.

Ad.

Faure,

ports d
October

directly i
1, 1912,

chief

engineer.

in supervising and

His

duties

consisted,

verifying the statements of costs

furnished

division

engineers,

establishing

accounts

new

work,

and

tion

preparing

detail

costs

statistical

for the

data.
aids 1

October

navigation

1 the

was

prepara-

transferred

his office

on January

1 that for the reorganized

divisions of the

former
gineer's
though

Pacific
office;

division

and

the details

and

on April

costs

that

furnished

first

for the

division

Atlantic

chief

division.

have greatly increased in

past year, the expense of securing this data has decreased from about
$3,600 per month to $3,000 per month.

distribution

general

expenses,

the central

division

con-

tinues to carry the

larger proportion,

due

fact that

prior to

1907 but little work was done except in this division, so that all
overhead charges were properly added to it.

Excavation

by steam shovels in

the central

division

shows an in-

creased

cost over last year of $0.0410, the

principal item

of increase

being in the cost of repairs to equipment-$0.0297.
In the Atlantic division the costs for dredging in

lower this year than last,

due

larger

ratio

prism

of material

were
exca-

vated

by pipe-line suction

dredges.

the Pacific division

the cost

was higher than last year,

due to the larger ratio of rock excavation

and

increased

depth,

which is attended

with additional expense

because of the great tidal

variations.

Hydraulic

exavatioafn in

channel

hblnw

1iraflnres

LTnck r

*& _* W tA-tEA JUt t* L 7..J tttb . tjAI tIE t' .J.L AJ. flE-- mA&_f . taa - tt tJ*,_� ,*a* .'^A.. NJ ~t * *Y*...l.-i -- ^r,^- *** -- %k^RJ -^ " WV-i - w- - - --

was

REPORT

CHAIRMAN

AND

CHIEF

E IGINEER.

There Was a t0t l of 771,907 cubic yards of masonry laid in the
locks and spillwaysduring the year, as against 1,443,570 cubic yards
lo and sp*** ^*illways lil ^ *"W^

during the p
first division

previous year.

connection

Thi

is inclusive of masonry

with

installation

laid by the

operating ma-

chiiery.

The

costs

cubic

yard

masonry

were:

Gatun

Lo , $7.t274; -atn spillway, $8.1227; Gatun power house, $8.5739;
Pedro Miguel Damr, $5.0240; Pedro Miguel Locks, $7.5976; Miraflores

at Dm, $4.8880; Mirafliores aspillway, $5.8497;

Mirafl ores Locks,

$80445.

Plain

concrete

shows

projet4 except Gatun Locks,

increased

due to

cost

reduced

over

last

year in

quantities of concrete

laid and to the use of a larger ratio of auxiliary mixers.

Loks plain concrete shows a decrease of $0.5934,

At Gatun

principally in

coat of sand

and stone,

expense

steel

forms

and

arbitrary for plant, the decrease in the cost of sand and stone being

due to readjustment of

stock

prices

(revised

cross-section measure-

ment of the stock piles having shown more stone in storage than

was

carried on

the books), and

to securing sand from

Gatun instead of from Nombre de Dies.

the borrow pit at

At Miraflores Locks plain

concrete shows an increase of $0.4406 per cubic yard, principally in
I I*A ^r //^1mg* " _

cement, mixing
of reenforced

wood forms,

and

placing.

Fluctuations in

the cost

concrete are due to the different classes of reenforced

concrete laid during the two years.

The dam at Gatun

was increased by

1,714,367

cubic yards of dry

at a division

cost

of $0.2755

cubic

yard,

and

169,114 cubic

yard of hydraulic fill at d division

cost of $0.2654

per cubic yard.

At the close of the year there were in place at Gatun Dam 11,578,268

cubic

'yards

dry

a cost

$0.4063

cubic

yard,

and

10,124,089 cubic yards of hydraulic fill at a cost of $0.2933 per cubic
yar d.

During the

fiscal

year

1913

no filling for

Colon

Breakwater

was secured from

Toro Point; 183,762 cubic yards of large rock se-

cured from Porto Bello quarry were placed in the breakwater at an

average division cost of $4.8250 per cubic yard.

This yardage is the

volume of rock in

bank.

Last year

65,138 cubic yards

of this

rock were placed in the breakwater at a division cost of $4.3064 per

cubic

yard.

^flit * A- - -JK a^.AW Jietm a. aWMW I ni aVW nh i�|i|- Sff a~ Zn^^ -k-� ~ .aJi Ctf .. AtS� W ~ 1^ -if nL - -. a

= � ,=

g,

REPORT

ISTHMIAN

CANAL

COMMISSION.

sand at an average cost of $0.7111 per cubic yard delivered in stowage.
To the end of the fiscal year there has been secured from this soure
1.741,196 cubic yards of sand at an average cost of $0.7666 per cubic

yard.

From the pit at Nombre de Dies on the Atlantic side,

which

was opened in March, 1909, anrd closed in November, 1911, there was

secured
$1.9176

785,893

cubic

per cubic yard

yards of

sand

delivered in storage.

an average division

cost of

During the year there

was secured from the borrow pit near Gatun dam 43,851 cubic yards
of sand at an average cost of $0.5188 per cubic yard.
To the close of the year the following amounts had been expended:

On spillway
$40,625.69.

gates

and

caissons at Gatun, $73,732.22;

at Miraflores,

spillway gate machines and their erection, at Gatun,

$91,122.95

at Miraflores

, $64,299.22.

On lock gates and

their erec-

tion, at Gatun

$2,225,084.30

at Pedro Miguel, $1,373,537.13; at Mira-

flores, $1
Miguel,

Pedro

,233

,845.37.

$21.37

Miguel,

On fender chains, at Gatun, $3,886.95; at Pedro

emergency

$512,480.47;

dams,

Miraflores,

Gatun,

$38,803.75.

$816,184.77;

lock

rating machinery,

installation

Miguel

including towing-track system,

of machines, etc., at Gatun

$1,361,873.92

concrete

$2,592,232.64

at Miraflores, $1,561,817.40.

used in
SPedro

For the towing-

track system the following number of linear feet of return track were

laid by the construction divisions at the various locks

Gatun

, 10,527

average division

cost $1.3261

Pedro

Miguel,

4,33, average division

cost $1.1065

Miraflores, 5,925, average division cost $2.5637

and by

first

division at

Gatun,

1,449,

average

division

cost $1.9273;

Pedro

Miguel,

2,043,

1,082, average division

average

division

cost $0.6085 per

cost

$2.3678;

linear foot.

at Miraflores,
The number of

linear feet of track,

with rack installed by the first division, and the

average cost per linear foot were: At Gatun,

21,000, average division

cost $2.3128

at Pedro

at Miraflores, 14,137

connection

with

Miguel

, 12,199,

average division
the erection of

average division
cost $1.2291.

cost $2.0180;

operating machinery, installa-

tion

June 30,

towing

1913

tracks,

and

, 36,710 cubic

decking,
yards of

first

concrete as

division

follows

had

laid

At Gatun

locks
yard

16,706

cubic

Pedro

yards,

Miguel

average

Locks,

division

10,190 cubic

cost $18.4124

yards,

cubic

average division

a

a .* a. I 1 *

, "at It - r L 1 W .... n^ _4_1__" . . .. !11 _�

REPORT

OF CHAIRMAN

AND

CHIEF

ENGINEER.

cubic yard.
harbor at t

of $0.1547
excavated

There
s latter

had

been

point

per cubic yard. F
145,478 cubic yards

dredged

in: p eparation

71,814 ti yar
t^~ ^
b the main dry
of material, and

at an

aver age

dock there had

inner
cost
been

for the coaling sta-

tion 58,221 cubic yards, at an average cost of $0.8461 per cubic yard.
In preparing the foundations for the shops 29,684 cubic yards of ma-

trial had been removed at an average cost of $1.5607

per cubic yard;

7,787 cubic yards of
spa60 percubic yia

conrete had been
d; 135,42 linear

er
limna feet of concrete piles had

and

$8.2&5S

per

linear

been
foot,

placed at an average cost of
feet of wood piles and 3,060

driven,

at an average

respectively.

cost of

constructing

thei doks12,435

linear feet of

concrete

caissons

were

placed

at an

vege, including excavation, of $18.4708 per linear foot.

The had been expended in the preparation

sites

$52458.77

and

construction

of permanent

permanent

town-

buildings

$55,918.76.
building 38,(

In the preparation of foundations for the administration

073

cubic yards

rnenge cofit of $0.5654

of material

had

per cubic yard, and

been excavated

at an

770 cubic yards of con-

rete had been laid in the foundations at an average cost of $12.8646

per cubi yard.

The

amount

during the fiscal

paid

year wa

bui for salary

Last

salaries
� 19.7

year it

clerks
cent

was

and
of the

20.55

supervisory

total
cent,

amour

forces
t dis-

indicating

saving in clerical and supervisory forces of about $185,000.
o father details concerning the cost of the various parts of the

wirh.and the performance of
vited to Appendix I.

the different

plants,

attention

QUARTERMASTER'S

DEPARTMENT.

The quartermaster'

of labor

care,

fl commissax

d epartmnent

is charged

with

furnishin, and assignment of quarters;
Ssumniies. and distilled water; construe

~tJ -- - I

Srecruitment
distributing
action and re-

pair all buildings; requisitioning for supplies of all kinds, together
wthe receipt and distribution of them on arrival; cutting of grass
and disposal of night soil and garbage as prescribed by the sanitary

dw wtment; and the auditing.. of all

property returns.

The depart-

$0.4820

*
:!

54

mission and
contractors

and

other

REPORT ISTHMIAN

CANAL

COMMISSION.

the Panama Railroad and 5,644 on

handling the

contracts

work

in connection

on the lock

with

the pay rolls of the

gates,
work.

emergency

The

force

dams,

fluc-

tuated between 34,957

on June 30, 1912, to the maximum on the date

specified

December,

and

numbered

1912

43,350

became

close

necessary

recruit

fiscal

laborers,

year.

and

were

received

from

Barbados during

January

and

February,

1913.

There was a decided decrease .in immigration to the Isthmus as com-

pared

with

previous

years,

excess

arrivals

over

departures

amounting

3,510.

The

average

number

American

em-

ployees on the rolls of the commission during the year was 4,340 and

on the rolls of the Panama Railroad 870, or a

total

of 5,110.

Dur-

ing the same period there were 2,495 separations from the service of

commission,

1,010

persons

employed

in the

United

States

and

1,331

employed

on the

Isthmus,

indicating that

more

than

cent of the gold force was changed.

The commission

1,856

were

has 2,618

constructed

buildings

in the

Americans

Canal Zone,

and

of which
SFrench.

This is a decrease of 121 from the total

of the preceding year.

The

buildings

located

Nombre

Dios,

which

had

been

abandoned

when this locality ceased to be used as a source of sand supply,

were

sold.

stroyed
Culebra

addition,

fire.

Balboa

were

Those

demolished

demolished

and

were

4 blown

located

down

Bas

or de-

Obispo,

, and Naos Island, and the destruction was necessary

reason

work

or on account

slides.

Those

demolished

were small and of no

value.

New

construction

during the year was

less than

at any previous

additions made

time

to existing

20 new

ones.

buildings

The buildings

were

were

small

and
and

only two cost over $2,000.

The additions as a

rule were chargeable

to the Hotel Tivoli.

Due

to the slides at Culebra and the necessity

of transferring buildings from Gorgona and old Balboa,

the work of

removal

and

reconstruction

was on

a large

scale.

Sixty-two

build-

ings were taken down in sections and reconstructed in new locations.
The cost of the completed work amounted to $142,000, not including

buildings in the course of reconstruction on June 30, 1913, on

which

s3aa n0n

had

erla ady

hben

extended

Anr.l

1 the

lAW. cOn-

'I, . �r S V 'LJ L4Ja�. ts %4a w 0 - %i V 'W - - .w- - -, - - - - - - - - -- - -' a

REPORT

CHAIRMAN

AND

CHIEF

ENGINEER.

value to the original investment, as all unsound lumber was replaced,

new plumbing
connections put in,

andthehuetire^lliH^IAOl4"yill repalllinted

June 30,
m

1913,

there

were

23,184

men,

women,

and

children

occupying co
previous year.
European qua

mission

quarters,

practically the same

*Of these, 9,173 were in gold quarters,

rters, and

9,716

were in

West

Indian

as during the
4,295 were in

quarters.

90 per cent of the American and European employees occupy

mission quarters, but less than 25 per cent of the

Over
com-

West Indians take

advantage

of then.

The

problem

housing

employees

properly

was a difficult one. Because of the opening
there was a congestion, especially in bachelc
to. To meet the conditions it was necessa
large number of house for use as quarters.

up of the terminal work
r quarters, in this teri-
ry to move and reerect a
The demolition of the

settlements of

Balboa

and

Gorgona

complicated

the situation.

In moving Gorgona it was necessary to care for 200 American fami-
lies, 600 American bachelors, and several hundred West Indians who

occupied commission

quarters, and these were provided for at other

points.

This movement began in March and

was almost completed

at the close of the year.
The value of material received from the United States during the

year

was

greater

than

any

preceding

year;

amounted

$13,980,071, not including $2,535,860 paid to the McClintic-Marshall

Construction

or the

value

local

purchases

on the

Isthmus

amounting to $2,733,867. -'1
1,00,000 barrels in 1912 to

he consumption of cement decreased from

1,200,000

barrels in 1913; the total

con-

awmption to date amounted to 5,797,910 barrels.

During the year all

cement

was

purchased

in sacks,

which

83,475,408

were

received

and 29,882,968 were returned to the United States; of those returned,
8%75 sacks were rejected, or less than 1 per cent of those returned.
The consumption of lumber was approximately 27,000,000 feet board
measure, about the same as the preceding year, and the total receipts
of uInmber since the inception of the work have been 2381,000,000 feet

board

measure.

The

stock

on hand

all storehouses

on June

amounted

$3,436,995,

a decrease of

$284 ,217

from

stock

hand June 30, 1912.

The actual reduction

was greater than the net

Serease would indicate, as approximately $638,000 worth of material

REPORT ISTHMIAIN

OAlAL COMMISSTIOM.

Under the contract for the sale and removal of the French scrap

on the

Isthmus,

entered

into

September,

1911, 21,780 tons

were

collected from

points along the line sad shipped to the storage yard

Cristobal.

The

purchase

price was $215,000.

The

time

allotted

removal

of the

material

was three

years;

almost two

years

have elapsed and

the commission

has received

tract was entered into with the Chicago

House

but $13,473. .
Wrecking Co.

con-

cover-

ing all
would

American

iron

and

steel

scrap

accumulate during the fiscal

already

year.

accumulated

This scrap

totaled

or that

12,109

tons.
from

Payment

was to

Isthmus;

be made on ship's

the commission has received

f lading as shipped
only $18,571, as but

2.466 tons have been shipped.

The sale of scrap screenings removed

from

buildings

netted

$6,866

and scrap

rope'and hose

were

sold

value of $4,693.

Approximately $75,000 were

realized from

sale of copper and brass scrap that had accumulated in the operation
of the Gorgona brass foundry.
Besides the regular issues to departments and divisions of the corn-

mission

and

the Panama

employees, contractors,

Railroad a number of sales

were

private individuals, and companies,

made to
the total

amount aggregating $106,037.77

The value of stock on hand at the

obsolete storehouse on June 30 was $431,916, an

increase of $70,000

over the total on hand at the close of the previous fiscal

year.

Invi-

stations for bids were issued offering for sale a large amount of mate-
rial in the obsolete storehouse on February 28, 1912; of the 24 classes

advertised awards were made on but 6

as either no bids were received

on the other classes or the bids were below the upset price of the ma-

trial.

Under the circular issued on February 1,1913, satisfactory bids

were received on only four of the 27 classes advertised.

Results from

these sales demonstrate that this method of sale of the entire equipment

and material is not satisfactory.

Finnrms or contractors desiring ma-

trial buy only when they need it, and their necessities may not coin-

cide

with

particular time

when

advertisement

is made

so that

only the scrap dealer or middleman is benefited.
best results would be obtained by placing a fair

It is believed that
upset price on such

material

and

equipment

and selling it

when

opportunity

offers.

board of appraisal

was appointed to place values on all articles that

REPORT

OF CHAIRMAN

AND

CHIEF

ENGINEER.

Railroad
supplies
stamps.

Co.,
from

leaving

$22,672.81

local merchants.

for the purchase of miscellaneous

The

balance

was

used

for postage

The

work

done

for the

sanitary

dpartmet,

consisting of gas

and brush cutting,

heretofore.

disposal of night soni ad garbage, continued aq

All grass was cut on request fro1 the sanitary depart-

mere
were

The

cut by

total amount cut was 7,5 acres, of

scythe,

at an average cost of $p05

which

4i$22

acres

per acre, and 2,534

hp hose mowe,

average

cast of $1.77

per acre.

The

area covered

by this sanitary work

was

approximately 2,980 acres.

taout of the sanitary work done
went amounted to $195,98 .2L

by the quartermaster's depart-

The supply

of animal

transportation

was inadequate to meet the

demands

, and 50 mules were pur*asexbt w cost ot $1,5602 teaching

the Isthmus May 26.

These scarcely replaced the animals which were

condemned or which died during the year.

Six horses and 20 mules

wae5ondqmnd and destroyodandS horses and 4 mules died, a total
ot 35 animals.
Fe father iniomnation opening thf operations of this depart-
ment attention is invited to Appendix J.

SYBSISTROE DEEDtAa
snsmThta roEy'R T~ !PflN~tjT.rsn

The subsist nce d partr ent is charged with

the operation

of the

Isthmian
charge of

Canal
Lieut.

Commission hotelh, messes,

0o4.

Te.

Wilson,

and kitchens,

United

States

and

is in

Army,

On3n O 30, 191, the dpawrtment wn3 opertAting the Hotel Tivoli,

tline

hotels,

g night

restaurants,

European

laborers'

ad 1 coxnmori l lkrers kitchen a decrease of 2 hotels, S
and 2 kitchens from last year: The hotel at Balboa was ci

messe;
messes,
osed on

July

and

consolidated

with the one at

East

BSlboa.

The

hotel

nar the spili wy at Wtun wa dosed arch 31 i nd

the messes at

Cerro, Haut

Obispo,

Gatun

(No.

68),

and Naos Ishland

were dosed

du rthe year, and one at Bas (ispo opened.
dp ened at Bus Obispo, while thbos at Anco

A new kitchen was
, OBrro, and H*tt

iaflfla nlnanA^ rbi tjrkent yrrvfl4 ftht l"h^n* hntet rt n-

REPORT ISTIHMIAN

CANAL

COMMISSION.

last

year

123,001.

The

net expense

salaries

and

wages

was

$166,398.65, an increase of $4,391.88

as compared

with

previous

fiscal year.

As the result of the year's operations the line hotels and

restaurants showed a loss of $3,837.71, an increase of $8,247.66 over

last

year;

European laborers'

messes showed

a profit of $26,845.24,

a decrease

$11,610.54,

and

common

laborers'

kitchens

showed

profit of $6,269.55, a decrease of $4,877.69.
A laundry was installed in the Hotel Tivoli to handle guests' work,

and

was

opened

December,

1912.

The

hotel

was

operated

at a

profit of $76,256.55.
For further particulars concerning the operation of the subsistence
department attention is invited to Appendix K.

EXAMINATION

ACCOUNTS

AND

DISBURSEMENTS.

EXAMINATION

OF ACCOUNTS.

The duties of the examiner of accounts were outlined in

detail in

the annual report of 1909 and continued with but little change dur-

ing the year just ended.
A. Smith.

The department is in charge of Mr. H. A.

legislative,

executive,

and

judicial

appropriation

proved August 23,

1912, a provision

was inserted relative to the ad-

ministrative

examination

public

accounts

and

stated

that

"dis-

bursing officers shall make only such examination of vouchers as may
be necessary to ascertain whether they represent legal claims against

United States."

After discussing the meaning of this provision

with
were

Committee

issued, effective May

on Appropriations

, 1913,

House,

instructions

by which the greater part of the

detail check made by the disbursing officer of every voucher, pay roll

and

pay

receipt

was

discontinued,

and

responsibility

formerly

carried by the clerks of the disbursing office for such check was trans-

ferred

clerks

in the

pay

roll

and

voucher

division

examiner

accounts'

office.

Effective January

1, 1913,

the timekeeping division

was organized

by consolidating the work of preparing time and pay rolls for various

departments

nnd

and

oc ntinued

under

this

department

. ~. s/ a- V L a& -Kk Wf st'J - a. a %^ a * J i aw ahh a , %^ *�-� - - --^ -i - - - *- ' "- I- �-' --- - --- - <-

oisivid ns

REPORT

CHAIRMAN

AND CHIEF

fetGINEE.

new account opened which is designed to provide a more exact record
of material and supplies on hand and issued. The continuance of

method of absorbing plant
d? f

and

equipment

charges

resulted

distributing plant charges to the amount of $27,550,635.24 to the con-
strution s to June 80, 1913, leaving a balance to be absorbed

on that date of $1,941,488.61.

far as appeared

practicable, cash

payments for materials and supplies furnished and services rendered
was adopted during the year. The work involved in the collection of
money due the commission from employees and others was consider-

'ably

reduced

and

liability

loss

due

giving

credit

was

removed.

Under the agreement with the Republic of Panama for reimbusing

the

United States for expenditures incurred in

connection

with

construction and maintenance of waterworks, sewers, and pavements
in the cities of Panama and Colon, the total amount expended in the

city of Panama

was $1,626,267.58, and in the city

of Colon $1,550,

080.46, or a total of $3,176,298.04, including accrued interest to date at

rate

cent

annum.

This

interest

has

aggregated

$970,733.72.

At the close of the fiscal year $975,439.71 has been re-

imbursed.

" Included

this amount

$32,785.01,

representing the

value of water used by the commission in the two cities.
The duty of purchasing and issuing commissary coupon books was

transferred

Panama

Railroad

Co.,

but,

as the

method

con-

tinued of issuing coupon books to employees of the commission and

making collections therefore by deductions on the pay roll, the

department

was

reduced

little;

60,790

hotel

books

work
land

1,863,100 meal tickets were issued, for which collections were made on

the

pay

rolls.

addition,

$3,235,122

worth

commissary

books

were issued and collected on the pay rolls.
The administrative examination of the disbursing officer's accounts

was

made

ofcers'

monthly,

records

and

of financial

e periodical
transactions

examination

and

auditing

accounts were continued, involving a complete check

of the

fiscal

of their
records

and

cash

and

cash

values in

hands of

over

200

financially re-

sponsible
payment

officers.
audited

There

vouchers

were

passed

amounting

disbursing

$9,022,000

and

officer

pay

rolls

- -

REPORT 1IS!MPTA

CANAL

COMM4ISSIOt

Under

1908,

provisions of the

as amended

section

J

ijury ft
1of the

compensation

March

act of May 30,

1911,

1,809

claims for compensation on account of injuries received in the course
of employment were filed during the year, and 41 claims were filed on

account of deaths-a total of 1,850

of these, 1,452 claims for injuries

were allowed and
ployees claiming

130 were disallowed
mpensation i
compensation were ii

for the

reason

capacitated

that
less

the em-

than

days, in

which

cases payments

were

made as meritorious sick leave

under the act of February 24, 1909

in addition to these

185 claims.

including 25 claims pending from the previous year,

for some one of the following reasons

were disallowed

On account of negligence and

misconduct

employees;

because

employees

were

course of employment,

or not employees of the commission;

because

accident

described

was not

cause

incapacity

because

lack of sufficient evidence to establish connection between the alleged

injury

medical

and

incapacity

treatment.

and

death

because

claims

failure

were

to secure
allowed,

proper
while 8

were disallowed for the reason

that in

6 of them

the claimants were

not considered dependent parents within the meaning of the act, and

in 2 of them death was due to negligence.

24, 1909

Under the act of February

authorizing meritorious sick leave to injured employees for

not exceeding 30 days in any one year, 4,715 cases were allowed.

The

average duration of disability of cases for which injury compensation

claims were filed

was 58 days,

whereas in meritorious sick leave cases

the average duration was 5 days.

The total amount expended during

the year in settlement of these claims was $224,071.72, making a total

from August 1, 1909,

to June 30, 1913, of $915,824.79.

Congress has appropriated a total of $349,505,223.14 for canal con-

struction,

including appropriations contained in

the act of June 23,

1913.

Of this amount, $10,676,950 were

for fortifications,

which

$4,870,000
$21,411.56

were
were

appropriated
for the relief

by
of

June

private

persons.

23,
Th4

1913,

and

balance,

$338,806,861.58,

including

$16,265,393

appropriated

June 23, 1913,

was appropriated for the construction of the canal and

is a charge against

total

authorized

bond issue of

$375,200,900.

This

leaves available

appropriation

a balance of $36,394,038.42.

REPORT

OF CHAIRMAN

AND

CHIEF

ENGINEER.

the

revenues

xx x
XXX XX XX. .X
*K. XXX X XXX XXX XX
xxyuuK xx .xx *A^.
JLT * " *^ ' |�'
therefrom.
!^ * :

Canal

Zone gvnmnt

and

expenditures

The amount of revenues derived frm entails and taxa-

tion decreased from $259,759. 68 in 1912t 12*M66.88 ir 11i8.
on eC~crase- omlI~ ,p^ . ~7uO 1U1 �-2 .e m^.�Bv0 .MaA

The

disbursement of Canal Zone revenues increased from $14000 in 1912
to $233,000 in 1913, the increase being principally due to sanitary
work 4n ages end increased expenditure for maintenance of

Canal Zone roads and

trails.

For further particulars, attention is invited to
D
DirtfEn''io SBSB ifC N YES

Appendix L.

The

work

of this department embraces

securing

and

dis-

burning the necessary funds and the accounting for all moneys paid
out or collected, as well as the issuance of hotel and commissary books

and meal tickets to the

various

departments of the commission.

was in charge of Mr. E. J.

Williams, disbursing officer.

The

total

amount

paid

out by the disbursing

officer

on pay rolls

aggregated

$20,524,705.75,

in addition

which

$9,035,630.18

were

paid out in settlement of public bills and on reimbursement vouchers.
The value of hotel books, commissary books, and meal tickets issued

totaled

$1,305,405.

For further details

, attention is invited to Appendix M.

DEPARTMENTS Or cvi x4xMINIBTNxATION

AND

LAW.

CIYIL ADMINISTRATION.

The

organisation

of the department ofl

civil

administration

mined substantially as described in former annual reports and con-

tined in

charge of Mr.

Mauriee

Thatcher until June

1013,

whenhe entered on leave of absence, at the expiration of which his
srvites were terminated by resignation.,

Seven

acts of

Congress and

four

joint

resolutions

afecting the

Panuma Oinal and he Canal lone were enseted during the year, the

most t being the Pnaa

Canal aet,

approved August

1912, providing for the opening, maintenance, protection, and opera-
tion nfthe Panama Canal and the snitatior and government of the

Cnal Zone.

Four ordinances weresenaoted by the Isthmzni

. hi..m-- :- *- a. - e-k -J ^~i,

REPORT ISTHMIAN

CANAL

COMMISSION.

duties in the cities of Colon and Panama; the reciprocal licensing of

carts and

wagons

used in

transportation

of merchandise

Republic and the Canal Zone; municipal and sanitary improvements

in Colon and Panama

the superior right of the United States under

the treaty to use the rivers and streams of the Republic; the deporta-
tion to the Republic of ex-convicts who have served terms of imprison-
ment in the Canal Zone; the admission of merchandise shipments con-
signed to the commission, the Marine Corps, the Tenth Infantry, and
the wireless stations, without the intervention of Panamanian customs

officials

delay

in customs

release

covering

shipments

consigned

commission

and Panama

Railroad

employees

collection

customs

duties on parcel-post packages coming through the post offices of the

Canal

Zone

establishment

a uniform

schedule

rates

charged

transporting

passengers

automobile

between

points

in the Canal Zone and the cities of Colon and Panama; the collection

a tax

Panama

upon

steamship

tickets

covering

passage

foreign

ports;

and

upon

steamship

agencies

doing

business

in the Canal Zone and in the Republic of Panama.

The relations of

the commission with the Republic of Panama and with foreign repre-

sentatives continued

satisfactory.

During the year the board of local inspectors issued 88 licenses to

pilots;
licenses

masters,
o mates;

19 of which

and

were

issued

engmneers-a

as joint master-pilot

total

of 209

licenses.

Under the provisions of the Executipe order of July 21, 1911, certifi-

cates were issued to 94

vessels, of which 18 were over

100 gross tons

burden.

One hundred and sixty-two licenses as navigators of motor

boats were granted.

Licenses were also issued to 120 chauffeurs.

Postage sales for the fiscal year amounted to $100,804.38, an increase

of $13,109.97

over the previous year.

There were

160,742

registered

letters and parcels handled,

of which 41

per cent was official matter.

Money

orders

number

238,316,

having

a total

value

$4,883,624.13,

were issued, on which

the fees amounted to $23,347.12.

money

orders

issued

during the

year,

orders

amounting

$3,917,899.30 were made payable without and $965,724.83 within the

limits of the Canal Zone.

the close of the fiscal

year there

was

on deposit in the postal savings banks a total of $645,690.

There were

a a. -yr A .^r- -T . *q I S -

REPORT

OF CHAIRMAN

AND

CHIEF

ENGINEER.

During the year amou
collected from general
. co. '^

LI

Lted to $4
taxes and

,792.9&

licenses;

A

total

of $53,855.95

was

of this amount, $9,130.55

were for distillation taxes, $43,800 for licenses for the sale of liquor

at retail $1,180.38 for
hi am i the . Una.
vox xxx x x

license
Zone,

fees from insurance companies doing
fees from insurance dmpames doing

and

$2,240.50

licenses

motor

During thq

yer 470 estates were

settled,

and

on June 80,

1913,

on count of the administration of estates was $30,124.24.
o reorganization of the division of police and prisons was effected
a eptember 1,1912, as a result of which the authorized strength of

the force

was reduced

from

247.

There

made, of which number 6,079 were males and

otl.W number
June> 30, 1913,
practically all

of persons

cent

were

748 f
were

were 133 convicts confined in

were kept at

on the

6,827

males.

arrests
Of the

convicted.

the penitentiary;
public roads, and

the value of their work was $26,561.75.

The cost of guarding, sub-

sing, aand

clothing the convicts

was $30,178.23.

The stockade

the Mandingo River was closed during the year and all convicts were
transferred to a new stockade erected near Gamboa bridge; the pris-
oners will be housed here during the construction of the wagon road
leading from Gamboa to connect with the Panama-Empire Road.

Although no change was made in

division of fire protection,
as compared with the nun

the authorized strength

of

of the
15 men

year; the reduction was
ions fr the department.

made necessary

a cut in

the appropria-

mentioned in the last annual report, made possible the discontinuance
of the one-man stations at Balboa and Mount Hope, the consolidation

of the

two

Ancon

stations, and

the sale of six fire horses.

All fire

eqUipment installed in the

buildings at Gorgona

was removed

upon

the abandonment of that settlement and most of it has been installed

the buildings reconstructed at Corozal

and

Balboa.

There

were

220 alarms of fire responded to, 18 of which were false.

Of the 202

fires,
were

1 was in the city

Government

of Panama and

property

T in

and

the city

property

of Colon; 104
f the Panama

Railroad

' .

The

value of Government and railroad

urovertv in-

were 78 estates inthe course of settlement.

The money handled

arrested

there

of these

work

there was actually a reduction

ber in service at the close of the previous

Purchase of two automobile fire engines.

� m

REPORT ISTHMIAN

CANAL

COMMISSION.

The

mailed

authorized

unchanged

organization

division

throughout the year,

although

public wo"s re-
the deficiency in

the department's appropriations made it necessary to dispense with
O

two inspectors.

All municipal improvements in the city of Panama

undertaken

under

appropriation

of $800,000

which

were

corn-

pleted were turned

over to

this division for maintenance.

On June

30, 1913,
Panama
elections <

2,101

and

water

connections

on that date

water

rents

had

been

applications

from

private

made

were

in the

pending.

consumers

city

The

first

col-

three

quarters of the year in the city of Panama were $81,727.75, and bills

rendered

last

quarter

aggregated

$32,583.75.

For

first

three quarters of the year the water collections exceeded requirements

$13,219.69,

which

was

applied

reduction

cost

waterworks, sewers, and

pavements.

the city

of Colon

866 con-

sections

had

been

made

with

water

mains

and

on that

date

there

were

applications

pending.

Collections

in Colon

from

private

consumers and from the commission and Panama Railroad

Co. dur-

first

three

quarters

amounted

$64,058.15,

and

amount of bills rendered for the fourth quarter was $24,168.80.

the city

For

of Colon the Republic of Panama paid $9,675.05 in order to

liquidate

proportionate

share

cost

water,

sewer,

and

street systems for the first three quarters of the fiscal

year.

In the

Canal Zone 695 water connections have been made.

From the eight

public

markets in

operation

during the

year a revenue

of $3,805.50

was

derived

in rent.

The organization

of the division of schools consisted of 1 superin-

tendent, 1 supervisor of upper grades and high schools, 1 supervisor

of primary grades,

2 clerks

, 2 supervisors of children

principal of

high school, 6 principals of grammar schools,

and

72 teachers.

The

school

year

opened

children-1,157

whiti

October
es and ]

, 1912,

,042

with

blacks.

an enrollment

2,199

close of the fiscal

year 29 school buildings were in use-14 for whites and 15 for blacks.
Medical inspection of all pupils was continued and 1,044 pupils were

treated

during the

school

year.

The supreme court held 26 ses
decisions of the circuit courts in

sions during the year.

two

and

reversed

It affirmed
decisions of

a S A - A * - A. f J

REPORT OF CHAIRMAN AND OTh ENGINEER.

AI 1 - . A 1 ad OKO 1

At me

nigeb ni n g of the

a

year there were $ , .1

Zone

Treasury,

and

during

year

collections

' amounted

$336,603.33.

For

Expenditures for the year totaled $74,868.04.

further particulars concerning the work of this department,

attention is invited to

Appendix N.

DEPARTMENT OF LAW.

The department continued in charge of Judge Frank Feuille and
the duties are as outlined in previous annual reports.

In anticipation of the inundation of the Gatun Lake area,

Brt -of

towns

along the

line

Panama

Railroad

a num-
between

Gorgona and Gatun were cleared of their population; as a result, the
admmstrative district of Gorgona was abolished and its territory

added to the district of Empire for judicial, -administrative, and po-

litica
The

I

purposes,

an Executive

order also abolished

order

issued

September

the office of senior district

judge

2, 1912,
and re-

duced the number of district judges to 3.
The Panama Canal act, approved August 24, 1912, authorized the

President to declare that all land

and

land

under water within

limits of the

Canal

Zone

necessary

tenance, operation, sanitation, and

for the construction

protection

of the Panama

main-
Canal.

Pursuant to these provisions an Executive order was issued under date

of December

S1912,

directing that all

land

and

land

under water

within the limits of the Canal Zone be taken possession of on behalf

of the
ticable,

United

States

claims

and

and

to extinguish,

titles of

adverse

agreement

claimants to

when

prac-

occupancy

of land and land under water.

Due to the additional work that was

thrown

upon

department by reason

the purpose of representing the
-. " - -- - -* -: al a

ide blMinis m

which had

been

United
S

appointed
jfcte 4

of this

order,

States before
in compliance

and

the
witi

also

joint

for
land

the pro-

visions of the treaty, the personnel

of the department was increased

by one clerk and a land inspector during the latter part of the fiscal

year.
and
Las
Zdne

As negotiations have been pending between the

t

Republic

of Panama

for the exchange

Sabanas, lying contiguous to the city

k

for

A.

certain

harbor areas

the city

United States

lands
a

of Panama, in

Colon,

known

Canal

an Executive

scal

w

REPORT ISTHMIAN

CANAL

COMMISSION.

regardless of the value of the estates, the maximum value previously

fixed being $1,000.

Under existing law, therefore, the estates of de-

ceased or insane employees of the Canal Commission, the Canal Zone

government, and

collector

of revenues

the Panama Railroad

free of

cost.

The

actions

administered by the
of the collector are

subject to

the supervision and approval

of the Circuit Court of the

First Judicial

Circuit of the Canal Zone.

Complaints had

been made

from

time

time

that the agents of

foreign

corporations

whose

financial

condition

was

doubtful

were

doing

business

in the

Canal

Zone,

exploitation

our

em-

ployees.

was

issued

> prevent
on March

this

as far

1913,

possible

requiring

foreign

Executive

order

corporations

joint stock

companies to

file their articles of incorporation

with

collector of revenues for, the Canal Zone, together with such informa-

tion

as will

enable

the collector of revenues to base a conclusion as

to the solvency of the concern.

In addition to this, foreign corpora-

tions are required to file authorization with the collector of revenues

represent

them

in all

suits

and

legal

proceedings

in the

Canal

Zone, and to pay an annual tax of $50.

The order has had a salutary

effect in keeping out undesirable concerns.

On April 15,

1913, maritime quarantine

regulations for the Canal

Zone

and

harbors

cities

Panama

and

Colon

in the

Republic of Panama

lations to

take effect

were established

upon

date on

Executive order,

which the

Panama

the regu-
Canal is

officially and formally opened for use and operation by proclamation

President

of the

United

States.

The

regulations

were

pro-

mulgated in advance in order that shipping interests and the travel-
ing public may have information in regard to the quarantine require-
ments of the canal and the Canal Zone.

Due

fact

that

prosecuting

attorney

devoted

time

almost exclusively to the adjustment of land claims, especially those

coming
criminal

before

cases

joint

land

was conducted

commission,

by the

assistant

prosecution

prosecuting

attorney

and

criminal cases were disposed of in the three circuits; of the

total

number

defendants

tried,

were

convicted,

were

acquitted,
- A -

the charges against 54

were dismissed, and in

- *5 a a *. *

7 cases the
-

REPORT

OF CHAIRMAN

AND

CHIEF

ENGTIN fSEB.iw

March 31
lots and I

were

building

, 1913, all
agriculture
leases, cov

lots

whici

unexpired
i property
rering 99 1
1 would h

Canal Commission leases for building

were

terminated;

ieetares of

tve

on that

agricultural

remained

force

land
until

date there

and
June

^ a"*Ih
Iltll~~ ~~ 1 ECI - ^vl rfryf F 11i iffa P T ^TfIilkItll
yL 1918,ha it notf been for1 the border of c~ancellt~ion.^A

evocable licenses to the number of 312, covering 347 building lots,

were

force

on June

1913,

calling

an annual

rental

$2,816.96.
For further details concerning this department, attention is invited
to Appendix O.

DEPARTMENT

SANITATION.

This department has charge of sanitary work in the cities of Colon
and Panama and of oiling ditches and other water in the Canal Zone.

It designates the remaining sanitary work to be done in

Zone and

exercises

such supervision

proper performance of the

charge

hospitals

work.

and

as may

In addition,

quarantine.

necessary

Canal
insure

the department
in charge of

has
Col.

William C. Gorgas,

United States Army, as chief sanitary officer.

The work in the terminal cities consists in cutting grass and brush,
oiling pools, constructing and maintaining ditches for drainage pur-

poses, re
cleaning.

and

Toro Point to Colon

the same

Panama.

reason

According

moval

garbage

these are included in

grounds
submitted,

Panama consisted in cleaning 200 miles of ditches, digging

and

night

soil,

fumigation,

and

street

with

of ditches, and clearing 114 acres of weeds and grass, in addition to

fIlling

and

fimiigating.

cleaning

cesspools

the Colon

and

district,

wells,
from

oilffing,

disinfecting,

the same source,

and

miles

of ditches were maintained, 77

miles of ditches were constructed, and

29 acres were cleared of vegetation, in addition
ing, and fmigating

to oiling,

disinfect-

The

total

expense

for sanitary

work

Canal

Zone

and

the cities of Panama and Colon was $510,529.17, of which $62,955.06

was for sanitation

proper in the

two cities,

$871,844.90

for sanita-

On account of the juxtaposition of Cristobal, Mount Hope,

Ancon

Hospital
report s

Colon

area, and

included

work

done

1.2 miles

i

REBBPORT ISTHMIAN

OANAL

COMMISSION.

distributing

was

$21,320.39

and

$19,567.39,

respectively.

work performed by the construction divisions and the quartermaster's
department was done under the direction of the sanitary department.

The removal

of garbage and night soil in the Zone

was done by the

quartermaster'

department.

Admissions to hospitals and sick camps during the year, including

those

sick in

quarters,

totaled

33,779; the

daily

average

number

employees sick was 19.04 out of every thousand,

as against

.91 for

1911-12 and 24.77

1910-11-this on the basis that the total num-

bers

employed

during the years mentioned

were

54,000,

50,008,

and

49,129,

was

respectively.
. of which :

The

were

total

number

Americans,

deaths

were

among

white

employees

employees

other nationalities, and 389 were blacks.

The total number of deaths

from

violence among all

employees

was

164, as

against

for the

preceding year.

In addition, on the recommendation

of the medical

examining

board

, 183 deportations

were

made-134

disease

and

49 on account of injuries.
For further details concerning this department attention is invited
to Appendix P.

RECREATION OF EMPLOYEES.

June

Empire, G
Porto Bello

orgona

1913,
. Gatu

clubhouses
n. and Cr5

were

istobal

operation

Corozal,

Canal Zone, and

about 20 miles down the Atlantic coast.

The

clubhouse

Culebra

was

removed

because

slides

and

portion

of the building was reerected

at the rear of the administra-

tion
fund

building annex

s.

a cost of

about $1,700,

paid

from

clubhouse

Bowling alleys, pool and billiard tables, soda fountain, bar-

ber shop, and a reading room

were

thus provided in

thia new

loca

tion.

Entertainments were given

in the second story

of the school-

house.
The
against

average

1,944

monthly

membership

previous

year.

for
The

year

largest

was

2,023,

membership

any

given month was 2,127

The total expenditures fr

the largest since organization.
om commission funds for the support of

these #clubhouses aggregated $49,925.96.

- a - - a a -

REPORT

OF CHAIRMAN

AND

4l^ J ^^*<'' ' '* *** * '*~ti <*< *

CHIEF

E GINGER.

During
tendered

year 2,065

persons

employment for duty

of laborer, 1,183 accepted and

within

United

States

were

on the Isthmus in grades above that
were ap intd, covering 59 different

^Te total anmount of purchase orders placed for the fiscal year was

$12, 335,973.12.

equipment:

The

most

For structural

important
mat1 ial

contracts

locks

were

and

permanent

spillways,

$241,

S.3&;
tines ad
rbtterial,

aichlnery for their operation,

tracks, $548 T39 2.7;

$571,723.48;

shop

buildings

$740,302.02;

and

electric locomo-

dock

$598,649.51;

transmission

ranes,

line,

$837,500.

$688,508.38 ;
Other prince

and

ipal

two
items

250-ton
of pur

revolving

chase

floating

included

15-yard dipper dredges, 6,310,000 pounds of dynamite, and 23,505,695

feet lumber.

A supplemental contract was entered into September

13, 1912, covering the additional quantity of cement necessary to cornm-

plete

work.

During the

year

1,303,762

barrels of

cement

were

purchased.
For further details, attention is invited to Appendix R.
' 4

GENERAL

REMARKS.

Since the submission of the last annual report the concrete work of
the locks has been completed, and but for slides which developed ex-

cavation in the central division would also have been finished.

last

annual report

completion

of the canal

by the close

In the
of the

fiscal year was predicated on the completion of the lock gates by the

contractor
completion

and th
of the

slides.

already

gates has been

noted,

contract

contemplates

rg up all work on one flight throughout by October

1, 1913.

finish-
Work

on the installation of the operating machinery was concentrated so as

to meet this condition of the lock gates, and it is believed

that one

flight of locks throughout will be ready for operation October 1, 1913,

except

fender chains and

the control houses,

but electrical

cur-

rent from existing power plants will be usable until the completion

of the

hydroelectric

station.

Assuming the

lake

level

at elevation

50, July 1,

with an average rainy season the lake should reach eleva-

tion 85 by December 1, 1913.

The rainfall during the month of May

* -- - t ^** '* IU *-W -. - W

hydroelectric station, $72,540.34;

machinery,

two

extended and

I

m

REPORT ISTHMIAN

CANAL

COMMISSION.

until

April,

1914.

The

material

handled

expeditiously

by steam shovels during the wet season, but lends itself to economical

removal

hydraulic

dredges.

Except

Cucaracha,

existing

channel by the slides is to full

depth and of a

width of at least 200

feet

bottom.

Assuming that all

the slides

were removed

steam

shovels in

the dry,

water in

lake could not

be raised

above elevation 60 and still be kept out of the Cut by the dike at Gam-

, so that after the advent of the dry season it would not be

pos-

sible

under normal conditions

or November,

1914.

The

to secure full lake level until

material

the slides can

October
handled

advantageously

dredging fleet

augmented

as it

will

later

by the two 15-yard dipper dredges under contract.

They will operate

against

banks in

every

case and

will

be excavating for the

full

depth

of 45

feet.

The sea level sections by the time the dredges can

be moved into the Cut will

be in

condition

for the passage of ships

of the heaviest draft.

been

general

belief

that the effect of the

water in

Cut would

tend

to retard slides and

the experience below the Gatun

locks

this
the

in the

belief
water

was

sustaining power of water against slides

on the

may

made

other
some
1909

hand,
extent

over

geologist

develop
3 seamy

new

of the

slides.

character

fully justifies
opinion that
Again, much

rock

on the

Isthmus, through

which

water flows quite rapidly

in consequence of

which
seams

the question

and

crevices.

was raised

these

that the

things

lake might leak

liable

occur,

out through

sooner

the better

if the official

opening of the canal

is to occur

January

1915
May

; for if water were not admitted this fall but were deferred until
1, 1914, the full height could not be reached until October, 1914,

leaving

little

time

for the determination

of these

questions.

These

considerations led

into

to the conclusion

Cut at the earliest date

that

practicable

the water should be turned

for getting the dredges

work

on the slides.

Dredges can

passed

through into the Cut

as soon

reasonably
rainfall, tl

as the

lock

certain
e lake

gates

case

should

reach

flight

completed,

October

elevation

With

4

approximately

and
the
70

this

average

tober

and a

greater

height of

water

against the

dike

which

- -

a

- - .. ., I. EU I I I U J I.

m

�A.AA -JMJ

REPORT

OF CHAIRMAN

AND CHIEF ENGINElrER.

erroneous

impression

been

caused

that the water will be turned into the Cut October

ie announcement
10, as it seems to

have been assumed that the canal will be practically finished on that

date.

Before boats can be passed it will be necessary to remove

Gamboa

dike

dredges

and

remove

slides

as already

out-

lined.

The

upon the

passage

time

when

commercial

proper

vessels

channels

dependent,

dredged

therefore,

through

slides;

should

additional

ones

occur,

they

will

necessarily

advance

the date when this will be accomplished.
The following appendixes are herewith:
Report of the geologist, Appendix S.
Increase in salaries and increase in numbers of employees, submitted in com-
pliance with law, Appendix T.
Laws affecting the canal recently enacted, and executive orders issued during#

the fiscal year, Appendix U.
The organization in effect July
Respectfully submitted.

1, 1913, Appendix

GEO.

Colonel, Corps of

GOETHALS,

Engineers, United States Army,

Chairman and Chief

The Hon. LINDLEY M. GARRISON,

Secretary of War,

Washington, D.

Engineer.

*

0

*-i^-

n

**

t

	Front Cover
	Front Matter
	Frontispiece
	Title Page
	Table of Contents
	List of Illustrations
	Report of the chairman and chief...
	Appendix A: Report of the assistant...
	Appendix B: Report of the division...
	Appendix C: Report of the division...
	Appendix D: Report of the resident...
	Appendix E: Report of the resident...
	Appendix F: Report of the assistant...
	Appendix G: Report of the inspector...
	Appendix H: Report of the chief...
	Appendix I: Report of cost-keeping...
	Appendix J: Report of the chief...
	Appendix K: Report of the subsistence...
	Appendix L: Report of the examiner...
	Appendix M: Report of the disbursing...
	Appendix N: Report of the head...
	Appendix O: Report of the head...
	Appendix P: Report of the chief...
	Appendix Q: Report of the superintendent...
	Appendix R: Report of the general...
	Appendix S: Report of the...
	Appendix T: Tables showing increases...
	Appendix U: Acts of Congress affecting...
	Appendix V: Charts showing organization...
	Back Matter
	Back Cover

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