Persons of Spanish origin in the United States

CURRENT POPULATION REPORTS

.. oPopulation

SCharacteristics
s'4?rTs 01
U.S. Department of Commerce Series P-20, No. 329
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS Issued September 1978

Persons of Spanish Origin in the

United States: March 1977

FIGURE 1.
Percent Distribution of Employed
Persons 16 Years Old and Over
by Broad Occupation Group,
Spanish Origin, Sex, and
Type of Spanish Origin

MALE

White-collar workers
Blue-collar workers
Se lece workers
Fdrm workerss

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

FEMALE

'Includes Central or South American origin and other Spanish origin.
SIncludes persons who did not know or did not report on origin.

Total Spanish
origin

Mexican

Puerto Rican

Cuban

Other Spanish'
Not of Spanish
origin'

Percent

Total Spanish
origin

Mexican

Puerto Rican

Cuban

Other Spansh'

Not of Spanish
or igin

0

I I

CURRENT POPULATION REPORTS

Population
Characteristics

Series P-20, No. 329
Issued September 1978

Persons of
Spanish Origin in
the United States:
March 1977

U.S. Department of Commerce
Juanita M. Kreps, Secretary
Courtenay M. Slater, Chief Economist
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
Manuel D. Plotkin, Director

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
Manuel D. Plotkin, Director
Robert L. Hagan, Deputy Director
Daniel B. Levine, Associate Director
for Demographic Fields

POPULATION DIVISION
Meyer Zitter, Chief

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This report was prepared by Edward Fernandez, Chief, Spanish Statistics Staff, Population
Division. Valuable assistance in checking and editing table content was provided by
Arthur Cresce. Clerical assistance was provided by Carmen Denavas. General supervision and
review were provided by Nampeo McKenney, Chief, Ethnic and Racial Statistics Staff, and
by Paul C. Glick, Senior Demographer, Population Division.

SUGGESTED CITATION

U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-20, No. 329, "Persons
of Spanish Origin in the United States: March 1977," U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C., 1978.

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402,
and U.S. Department of Commerce district offices. Postage stamps not acceptable; currency submitted at
sender's risk. Remittances from foreign countries must by by international money order or by draft on a U.S.
bank. Additional charge for foreign mailing, $14.00. All population series reports sold as a single consolidated
subscription $56.00 per year. Price for this report $2.50.

Contents
Page
Introduction.......................................................... .. 1
Population size and distribution ............................................... 1
Characteristics of persons ............................. .................... 1
Characteristics of families ..................................................... 5
Comparability of data with the 1970 census ....................................... 10

TEXT TABLES

Table
A. Spanish origin population by type of Spanish origin ............................. 1
B. Persons of Spanish origin for the United States and selected areas ................... 2
C. Total and Spanish origin population by broad age groups and type of Spanish origin . . . .. 2
D. Marital status of persons of Spanish origin 14 years old and over by type of Spanish origin
andsex ............................. .... ... ........... .. ......... 3
E. Percent of the Spanish origin population 25 years old and over by years of school completed,
type of Spanish origin, and age ............................. .. ........... . 5
F. Broad occupation group of employed persons of Spanish origin 16 years old and over by
sex and type of Spanish origin ....................... .. .. .. .. ............... 6
G. Income in 1976 of persons of Spanish origin 14 years old and over with income by type
of Spanish origin and sex. ............................................... 7
H. Residence of Spanish origin families by type of Spanish origin ...................... 10
I. Spanish origin families by type of Spanish origin and size of family . . . . . . ...... 11
J. Income in 1976 of Spanish origin families by type of Spanish origin. .................. 11
K. Summary characteristics of Spanish and Mexican origin families by poverty status . . . ... 16
L. Number of persons of Spanish origin: 1970 census and March 1977 Current Population Survey 16

CHARTS

Figure
1. Percent distribution of employed persons 16 years old and over by broad occupation group,
Spanish origin, sex, and type of Spanish origin ................................ Cover
2. Median age of persons by Spanish origin and type of Spanish origin . . . . .. . ... 4
3. Percent of persons of Spanish origin 14 years old and over by marital status and sex . . . . 8
4. Percent of persons 25 years old and over by years of school completed, Spanish origin, and
type of Spanish origin ............ ....... ..... ..... .. .............. 9
5. Percent distribution of employed persons 16 years old and over by major occupation group,
Spanish origin, and sex ................... .............. ............ ... 12
6. Median income in 1976 of persons 14 years old and over by Spanish origin, type of Spanish
origin, and sex. ........... ....................... .................. 13
7. Median income in 1976 of families by Spanish origin and type of Spanish origin . . . .... 14
8. Percent of families in poverty status in 1976 by Spanish origin and type of Spanish origin . .. 15

Contents- Continued

DETAILED TABLES

Table Page
1. Population of Spanish origin by sex and type of Spanish origin, for the United States and
the five Southwestern States. . . . . . . ...... ............ . . . . . . 19
2. Total and Spanish origin population by broad age groups, sex, and type of Spanish origin . .. 19
3. Total and Spanish origin population by age, sex, and type of Spanish origin. .............. 20
4. Total and Spanish origin population by age, sex, and type of Spanish origin, for the five
Southwestern States....... ............... .. ........ .... ... ........ 21
5. Marital status of persons of Spanish origin 14 years old and over by type of Spanish origin
and sex ......................... .. ............................... 22
6. Marital status of Spanish origin persons 14 years old and over by type of Spanish origin, age,
and sex ................ ......................................... 23
7. Percent of total and Spanish origin population 25 years old and over by type of Spanish
origin, years of school completed, age, and sex . . . . . . . ............ 24
8. Years of school completed by persons of Spanish origin 14 years old and over by age, sex,
and type of Spanish origin ............... ... ..... ...................... 25
9. Total employed males and employed males of Spanish origin 25 to 64 years old by income
in 1976, broad occupation group, and number of school years completed. ............... 28
10. Employment status and major occupation group of the total and Spanish origin population
16 years old and over by sex and type of Spanish origin ................. ......... 29
11. Median earnings in 1976 of civilians 14 years old and over with earnings by Spanish origin,
occupation of longest job in 1976, class of worker of longest job in 1976, and sex . . . ... 30
12. Income in 1976 of all persons and Spanish origin persons 14 years old and over by type of
Spanish origin and sex .................. ..... .. .... .......... 31
13. Income in 1976 of persons of Spanish and Mexican origin 14 years old and over by age
and sex ................. ......... .... ....... ................... 32
14. Income in 1976 of persons of Spanish and Mexican origin 14 years old and over by residence
and sex ............ ..... ...... .................... ................... 33
15. Income in 1976 of Spanish and Mexican origin persons 25 years old and over by sex and
number of school years completed ........... ..... ............. ........ 35
16. Income in 1976 of Spanish and Mexican origin persons 14 years old and over in the employed
civilian labor force by occupation of longest job in 1976 and sex .................... 37
17. Income in 1976 of Spanish and Mexican origin persons 14 years old and over by relationship
to head of household and sex.............................................. 39
18. Characteristics of Spanish origin families by residence, size, type of family, and type of
Spanish origin ...................................................... 40
19. Family status and relationship to head of household of all persons and persons of Spanish
origin by type of Spanish origin .............. .... .................... ... 41
20. Family status and relationship to head of household of all persons and persons of Spanish
origin by type of Spanish origin, for the five Southwestern States .................. 42
21. Persons in households with head of Spanish and Mexican origin by family status and age ..... 43
22. Husband-wife households by origin of husband and origin of wife ................. ... 44
23. Husband-wife households by origin of husband and origin of wife,for the five Southwestern
States ..... .. ..... ..... .. .... ... ...... .. .... .. ......... ...... .. 45
24. Family relationship and presence of parents for persons of Spanish and Mexican origin under
18 years old by age ................... ............................ 46
25. Income in 1976 of Spanish and Mexican origin families by type of family . . . . . ..... 47
26. Income in 1976 of all families and Spanish origin families by size of family and type of
Spanish origin .. .............. ................... ...... ............ 48
27. Income in 1976 of Spanish, Mexican, and Puerto Rican origin families by number of related
children under 18 years old .............................................. 50
28. Income in 1976 of Spanish, Mexican, and Puerto Rican origin families by residence and
type of Spanish origin .................. ................... ............ 51
29. Income in 1976 of Spanish and Mexican origin families with head 25 years old and over
by years of school completed by the family head ................. .............. 52

Contents- Continued

DETAILED TABLES-Continued

Table Page
30. Income in 1976 of Spanish, Mexican, and Puerto Rican origin families and of unrelated
individuals by num ber of earners ................ ....................... 53
31. Selected summary characteristics of Spanish and Mexican origin families and unrelated
individuals by poverty status ................. ........................... 54
32. Selected detailed characteristics of Spanish and Mexican origin families by poverty status. . 55

APPENDIX

Text
Definitions and explanations ................................................... 57
Source and reliability of the estimates........................................... 59

APPENDIX TABLES

Table
A-1. Characteristic types for each data table ..................................... 62
A-2. Parameters and factors to be used for each characteristic Spanish origin and total
U .S. population ................. .................................. 63
A-3. Standard errors of estimated numbers of Spanish origin persons or families . . . . .... 64
A-4. Standard errors of estimated percentages of Spanish origin persons or families . . . .... 64
A-5. Standard errors of estimated numbers of persons and families, total U.S. population ...... . 66
A-6. Standard errors of estimated percentages, total U.S. population . . . . . . . ... . 66
A-7. Estimates of standard errors for medians in table 11. . . . . . . . ... ........... 67
A-8. Standard errors of 1970 census data ....................................... 67

SYMBOLS USED IN TABLES

Represents zero or rounds to zero.
B Base less than 75,000.
... Not applicable.
NA Not available.

Persons of Spanish Origin in the United States: March 1977

INTRODUCTION

This report presents demographic, social, and economic data
for persons of Spanish origin in the United States. These data
were collected in March 1977 by the Bureau of the Census as
a supplement to its monthly Current Population Survey
(CPS).
The report contains specific information on the popula-
tion of Spanish origin and its subcategories: Mexican origin,
Puerto Rican origin, Cuban origin, Central and South
American origin, and other Spanish origin. Some of the
characteristics presented for the Spanish origin population
are age, sex, residence, educational attainment, income,
employment, occupation, marital status, and selected family
characteristics.

POPULATION SIZE AND DISTRIBUTION

Of the 11.3 million persons of Spanish origin in the United
States in March 1977, about 6.5 million reported themselves
as being of Mexican origin, about 1.7 million of Puerto Rican
origin, about 700,000 of Cuban origin, about 900,000 of
Central or South American origin, and about 1.4 million of
other Spanish origin. The largest concentration of persons of
Spanish origin was in New York State and the five
Southwestern States (tables A, B, L, andl).

CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSONS

Age. Presumably because of higher fertility, the Spanish
origin population in March 1977 included a substantially
larger proportion of young persons than did the population
not of Spanish origin: about 42 percent of all persons of
Spanish origin were under 18 years old, as compared to 30
percent for persons not of Spanish origin. Also, the propor-
tion of Spanish persons 65 years old and over was only about
4 percent, as compared with 11 percent for the population
not of Spanish origin.
Furthermore, the youthfulness of the Spanish population
in the United States is substantiated by the median age (the
age at which half of the population is older and half is
younger). The median age for persons of Spanish origin in
March 1977 was 22 years compared with a median age of
30 years for the population not of Spanish origin (tables C,
2, and 3).

Table A. Spanish Origin Population, by Type of
Spanish Origin

(Numbers in thousands)

Per-
Type of Spanish origin Number cent

Total........ ......... 11,269 100.0

Mexican....................... 6,545 58.1
Puerto Rican.................. 1,742 15.5
Cuban......................... 681 6.0
Central or South American..... 872 7.7
Other Spanish origin.......... 1,428 12.7

Marital status. Because women generally marry at younger
ages than men, there was a greater proportion of single men
(34 percent) than of single women (27 percent) among
persons of Spanish origin 14 years old and over in 1977. The
proportion of Spanish origin men who were single had not
increased significantly since 1970: about 32 percent of
Spanish men 14 years old and over reported themselves as
being single in 1970 compared with 34 percent in March
1977.
About equal proportions of Spanish women as of Spanish
men were classified as presently married. But women of
Spanish origin were more likely to be reported as divorced (6
percent) than were Spanish origin men (4 percent).
The lower age-specific mortality rates of Spanish females
probably accounts for the substantially higher percentage of
widowed Spanish females (6 percent) relative to widowed
Spanish males (2 percent) (tables D, 5, and 6).

Education. In March 1977, persons of Spanish origin 25
years old and over were still at a lower educational
attainment level than were persons of that age group who
were not of Spanish origin. About 18 percent of all Spanish
persons in that age group had completed less than 5 years of
school, but only 3 percent of persons not of Spanish origin
had completed less than 5 years of school. Moreover, only
about 40 percent of persons 25 years old and over of Spanish

2
origin had completed 4 years of high school or more, as
compared with 66 percent of persons not of Spanish origin.
Younger adults of Spanish origin, however, show signifi-
cant improvement over their elders in educational attain-
ment: about one-third of persons of Spanish origin 25 to 34
years old had completed 4 years of high school, while only
one-fifth of Spanish persons 45 to 64 years old had done so.

In 1977, there was a disparity in educational attainment
between the ethnic categories of Spanish origin: about 23
percent of Mexican origin persons 25 years old and over had
completed less than 5 years of school, yet only about 11

percent of persons of Cuban origin of that age range had
completed less than 5 years of school (tables E, 7, and 8).

Employment and occupation. The proportion of unem-
ployed among Spanish origin persons was significantly higher
than the proportion of unemployed in the general population
in March 1977. About 11 percent of all Spanish origin
persons in the civilian labor force were unemployed, as
compared with 8 percent of the total population in the
civilian labor force.
There was some evidence that the unemployment rate of
Spanish origin women (13 percent) was different from that

Table B. Persons of Spanish Origin for the United States and Selected Areas

(Numbers in thousands)

PePercent Spanish Confidence interval3
Persons
of origin (one standard error)
Area
Spanish
Spanish 1977 1970 Total Spanish Percent Spanish
CPS census2 origin, 1977 CPS origin, 1977 CPS

UNITED STATES

Total.................. 11,269 5.3 4.5 10,961 to 11,577 5.15 to 5.45

SELECTED AREAS

New York State............... 1,577 8.9 7.4 1,461 to 1,693 8.2 to 9.6
Five Southwestern States..... 6,670 16.6 13.9 6,367 to 6,973 15.8 to 17.4
California................. 3,344 15.6 11.9 3,159 to 3,529 14.7 to 16.5
Texas ...................... 2,366 18.9 16.4 2,163 to 2,569 17.3 to 20.5
Other4..................... 960 15.6 16.0 835 to 1,085 13.6 to 17.6
Remainder of the U.S......... 3,022 1.7 1.8 2,859 to 3,185 1.6 to 1.8

IResident population excluding persons in institutions and Armed Forces in barracks.
2Resident population.
3Estimates in this table (as well as in the rest of this report) are based on sample data and hence
are subject to sampling error. If a census were conducted the chances are about 68 out of 100 that the
census result would be contained in the one-standard error interval given in this table. See the
section "Source and Reliability of the Estimates" for more information on standard errors and
confidence intervals.
4Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico.

Table C. Total and Spanish Origin Population by Broad Age Groups and Type of Spanish Origin

Spanish origin
Not of
Age Total Central Spanish
Puerto .Other
Total Mexican uRi Cuban or South ther origin
Rican Spanish
American

Median age.....years.. 29.2 21.7 20.8 20.4 37.7 25.8 20.9 29.6

PERCENT

Under 5 years old..... 7.2 12.4 13.3 12.8 4.3 11.7 11.9 6.9
18 years old and over. 69.8 57.7 56.2 54.2 73.8 63.2 57.4 70.4
65 years old and over. 10.4 4.1 3.6 2.8 11.2 2.3 5.6 10.7

1Includes persons who did not know or did not report on origin.

of men of Spanish origin (11 percent). Also, the labor force
participation rate differed between men and women of
Spanish origin; about 78 percent of Spanish origin men were
in the civilian labor force as compared with only 44 percent
of Spanish women. This rate differential was dramatic for
some of the ethnic subcategories of Spanish origin. For
example, about 81 percent of Mexican origin men were in
the labor force in comparison with only 43 percent of
Mexican origin women, and the labor force participation rate
for Puerto Rican origin men was 72 percent compared with
30 percent for Puerto Rican origin women.
Occupational characteristics of employed Spanish origin
persons differed, sometimes markedly, from that of the
overall employed population. For instance, although 16
percent of all employed persons in the civilian labor force
were professional and technical workers, only 8 percent of
the Spanish origin labor force were so employed, and the
proportion of employed persons of Spanish origin working as
managers and administrators (5 percent) was significantly
lower than for the overall population (11 percent). However,
the proportion of Spanish persons working as operatives
(e.g., garage workers and attendants, produce packers,
manufacturing checkers) was greater (26 percent) than for
similarly employed persons in the overall population (15
percent).
The occupational distribution of Spanish persons also
varied by sex. Although about 7 percent of Spanish men

were employed as managers and administrators, only 3
percent of Spanish women were in those professions; about 29
percent of employed women of Spanish origin were working
in clerical or similar occupations, compared with only 6
percent of employed Spanish men.
Additionally, within the population of Spanish origin
differences existed in the occupational distribution. For
instance, the proportion of Mexican origin men working as
farm workers (7 percent) was much larger than for Puerto
Rican men (1 percent), and there was some evidence that the
proportion of Puerto Rican origin men working in service
occupations was larger (19 percent) than the proportion of
Mexican origin men employed in that type of occupation (13
percent) (tables F, 9 and 10).

Income of persons. In the CPS of March 1977, most men of
Spanish origin 14 years old and over reported having income
in 1976, but this income was substantially lower than the
income for men not of Spanish origin. Median income in
1976 for Spanish origin men 14 years old and over with
income was about $7,050 compared with about $9,580 for
men not of Spanish origin.
Furthermore, a significantly smaller proportion of Spanish
men were in the upper end of the income distribution
compared with men not of Spanish origin. Only about 14
percent of Spanish origin men 14 years old and over had
incomes of over $15,000 in 1976, but the corresponding
proportion for men not of Spanish origin was twice as high,

Table D. Marital Status of Persons of Spanish Origin 14 Years Old and Over by Type of Spanish Origin and Sex

Total Marital status
persons,
Sex and origin 14 years Percent
old and over Single Married Widowed Divorced
(thousands)

MALE

Total..................... 3,526 100.0 33.5 61.0 1.9 3.6

Mexican........................ 2,054 100.0 33.0 61.8 1.8 3.4
Puerto Rican.................... 487 100.0 33.1 60.7 2.9 3.3
Cuban.......................... 254 100.0 29.7 62.8 1.4 6.1
Other Spanish .................. 730 100.0 36.8 58.4 1.6 3.6

Not of Spanish origin2... 75,256 100.0 30.0 63.5 2.4 4.0

FEMALE

Total..................... 3,922 100.0 27.3 59.9 6.4 6.4

Mexican ........................ 2,209 100.0 28.1 60.1 6.2 5.6
Puerto Rican.................... 592 100.0 26.9 60.0 5.2 8.0
Cuban .......................... 300 100.0 23.3 57.0 11.8 7.9
Other Spanish' ................. 821 100.0 26.8 60.7 5.8 6.7

Not of Spanish origin2... 82,231 100.0 23.2 59.3 11.9 5.6

'Includes Central or South American origin and other
2Includes persons who did not know or did not report

Spanish origin
on origin.

FIGURE 2.
Median Age of Persons by Spanish
Origin and Type of Spanish Origin

Total Spanish
origin

Mexican

Puerto Rican

Cuban

Central
or South
American

Other Spanish

Not Spanish'
origin

Median age (years)

1 Includes persons who did not know or did not report on origin.

28 percent. Similarly, the proportion of Spanish women with
incomes in 1976 of over $15,000 (1 percent) was lower than
that of women not of Spanish origin (4 percent).
Spanish origin women did not fare as well in terms of
income as Spanish origin men in 1976: the median income of
Spanish women with income in 1976-about $3,359-was only
one-half that of Spanish origin men ($7,050). Also, although
35 percent of Spanish origin men had incomes less than
$5,000, about 67 percent of women of Spanish origin had
incomes below this amount in 1976. In addition, about 2
percent of men of Spanish origin had incomes of $25,000 or
more, but only about 0.1 percent of Spanish origin women
had incomes at that level.
Differences in income levels were also noticeable by type
of Spanish origin. Even though the median income of
Mexican origin men was not significantly different from the
median of Puerto Rican men, Puerto Rican women had a
substantially higher median income in 1976 than Mexican
origin women-$3,930 versus $2,925. And, although about 1
out of 5 Puerto Rican women with income in 1976 had an
income under $2,000, about 1 out of 3 Mexican origin
women had an income under $2,000.
Both men and women of Spanish origin residing in
metropolitan areas had, on the average, higher incomes than

5
Spanish persons living in nonmetropolitan areas. Specifically,
Spanish men residing in metropolitan areas had a median
income of $7,368 in 1976, as compared with a median of
$5,790 for Spanish men in nonmetropolitan areas. Similarly,
the median income of Spanish women living in metropolitan
areas was $3,537 compared with a median income of $2,122
for Spanish women living outside metropolitan areas.

Usually, the higher the educational level, the more the
income the individual receives, and this is true for persons of
Spanish origin. Spanish persons with 4 years or more of
college had a median income in 1976 of $11,486, but those
with only 8 years of elementary school had a median income
of $5,257 (tables G and 12 17).

CHARACTERISTICS OF FAMILIES

Family composition and size. In March 1977, there were 2.6
million families of Spanish origin in the United States; about
2 million were husband-wife families, and about 520,000 (1
out of 5) of all Spanish families were maintained by a
woman of Spanish origin with no husband present.
The proportion of Spanish origin families maintained by a
woman differed substantially by type of Spanish origin. For

Table E. Percent of the Spanish Origin Population 25 Years Old and Over by Years of School Completed, Type of Spanish
Origin, and Age
(For meaning of symbols, see text)

Total Puerto Other Not of
Years of school completed Total Mexican R n Cuban S sh S sh
Spanish Rican . Spanish Spanish
and age origin origin 1 2
andorigin origin origin rigin originI origin2

PERCENT COMPLETED LESS THAN
5 YEARS OF SCHOOL

Total, 25 years and over..... 18.0 23.3 18.8 10.6 7.0 3.1

25 to 29 years..................... 7.1 8.4 6.6 (B) 4.3 0.5
30 to 34 years..................... 7.6 10.9 4.6 (B) 2.7 0.5
35 to 44 years...................... 12.6 15.5 18.6 7.0 2.3 1.2
45 to 64 years..................... 25.0 35.1 25.3 11.1 8.5 3.1
65 years and over................. 49.5 65.4 (B) 20.6 25.0 9.0

PERCENT COMPLETED 4 YEARS OF
HIGH SCHOOL OR MORE

Total, 25 years and over..... 39.6 33.6 30.6 48.5 57.9 66.0

25 to 29 years...................... 58.1 55.3 45.9 (B) 73.0 86.9
30 to 34 years...................... 49.0 43.5 38.9 (B) 65.8 82.8
35 to 44 years...................... 41.3 35.7 30.4 53.9 60.2 75.5
45 to 64 years..................... 29.1 19.2 19.6 41.7 51.7 61.7
65 years and over................... 16.2 5.6 (B) 38.0 29.0 37.9

PERCENT COMPLETED 4 YEARS OF
COLLEGE OR MORE

Total, 25 years and over..... 6.2 3.9 2.8 12.1 11.9 15.8

1Includes Central or South American origin and other
2Includes persons who did not know or did not report

Spanish origin
on origin.

6
instance, the proportion of Puerto Rican families maintained
by a woman was much larger than the proportion of such
families of Mexican and "other" Spanish origin. About 37
percent of all Puerto Rican families were maintained by a
woman; by contrast, only 16 percent of Mexican origin
families and 17 percent of "other" Spanish families were
maintained by a woman in March 1977.
The majority of Spanish persons under 18 years old were
living in families. About 77 percent of all family members
under 18 years old were living with two parents, about 20
percent were living with their mother only, and 1 percent
were living with their father only.
Spanish origin families are, in general, large families when
compared with families not of Spanish origin: the average
number of persons in Spanish families was about four
persons in March 1977, but for non-Spanish families, the
average size was three persons. By contrast, about 39 percent
of non-Spanish families in March 1977 were families of only
two persons, but only 24 percent of Spanish origin families
were that size.
Family-size differences also existed by type of Spanish
origin: 3 percent of Cuban families had seven or more
persons in the family compared with about 10 percent of
Mexican origin families; and though 35 percent of all Cuban
families had only two persons in the family, only 25 percent
of Puerto Rican families were two-person families (tables
1, 18, and 24).

Residence. Most families of Spanish origin live in metro-
politan areas. In March 1977, about 85 percent of all Spanish
origin families resided in metropolitan areas compared with
66 percent of families not of Spanish origin. Furthermore,
differences in residential preference existed among categories
of Spanish origin; about 80 percent of Mexican origin
families were living in metropolitan areas compared with
about 96 percent of Puerto Rican origin families (tables H
and 18).

Family income. The median income in 1976 of Spanish
origin families was substantially lower than the median
income for families not of Spanish origin ($10,300 versus
$15,200). Furthermore, along the income distribution, dif-
ferences in income between Spanish and non-Spanish families
were markedly noticeable; for instance, about 51 percent of
non-Spanish families had incomes over $15,000 in 1976, but
only 30 percent of all Spanish families were in that income
category. Also, while only 7 percent of non-Spanish families
had incomes below $4,000, Spanish families with incomes at
that level were double that proportion, 14 percent.

Income differences also existed in 1976 by type of
Spanish origin family. The median income of families of
Puerto Rican origin was, at $7,700, significantly lower than
the median income of either Mexican or Cuban origin
families, $10,300 and $11,800, respectively.

Table F. Broad Occupation Group of Employed Persons of Spanish Origin 16 Years Old and Over by Sex and Type of
Spanish Origin
(For meaning of symbols, see text)

Total, Puerto Other Not of
Sex and broad occupation group Spanish Mexican Rican Cuban Spanish Spanish
origin origin origin origin origin' origin2

MALE

Total, employed persons...thousands.. 2,287 1,392 269 169 456 49,900
Percent............................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

White-collar workers....................... 23.4 16.8 28.1 36.6 36.0 42.6
Blue-collar workers........................ 57.2 63.3 51.3 43.8 47.4 44.6
Service workers............................ 14.8 12.9 19.4 19.6 16.4 8.8
Farm workers............................... 4.6 7.1 1.2 0.4 4.0

FEMALE

Total, employed persons..thousands... 1,397 766 146 133 352 34,637
Percent............................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

White-collar workers....................... 44.4 40.9 50.7 46.6 48.6 64.0
Blue-collar workers........................ 28.9 26.0 33.8 38.3 29.8 13.8
Service workers.............. ............. 25.2 30.5 15.4 15.1 21.6 21.3
Farm workers............................ ... 1.5 2.6 0.2 0.9

1Includes Central or South American origin and other Spanish origin.
2Includes persons who did not know or did not report on origin.

In 1976, Spanish families maintained by a man had a
higher median income ($11,800) than did Spanish families
maintained by a woman ($5,100); this was noticeable
throughout the income distribution of Spanish families. For
instance, about 36 percent of Spanish families maintained by
men had incomes of $15,000 or more, while only 7 percent
of Spanish families maintained by women had incomes at
that level. At the lower end of the income scale, the
proportional differences were reversed; only 4 percent of
male-maintained Spanish families had incomes under $3,000,
but 19 percent of female-maintained Spanish families had
incomes under that amount.

As expected, the less the education of adults, the less the
family income. In March 1976, for Spanish origin families in
which the person maintaining the family reported less than 8
years of school completed, the median family income was

only $7,900; but the median income of Spanish families in
which the corresponding person had completed 4 years of
high school was $13,200; and the median family income of
families in which the person maintaining the family had
completed 4 years of college or more was about $20,000.
Spanish families residing in the Nation's metropolitan
areas were more likely to be affluent than Spanish families
living outside metropolitan areas. The median income in
1976 of Spanish families living in metropolitan areas was
$10,600 compared with a median of $9,100 for Spanish
families living outside metropolitan areas (tables J and 25 -
30).

Poverty status. In 1976, about 600,000 families of Spanish
origin (23 percent of all Spanish families in the Nation) were
living below the poverty level.

Table G. Income in 1976 of Persons of Spanish Origin 14 Years Old and Over With Income by Type of Spanish Origin and Sex

(For meaning of symbols, see text)

Percent with
Percent with
Median income of
income below $25,000 or
Sex and type of Spanish origin income income below $25,000 or
$5,000
more

BOTH SEXES

Total, Spanish origin .............................. $5,024 49.8 1.1

Mexican................................... ............ ..... 4,873 51.1 0.8
Puerto Rican............ .............. .............. ..... 4,890 50.9 0.6
Cuban................................................ ..... 4,975 50.1 1.2
Other Spanish ........................................... 5,495 45.8 2.3

Not of Spanish origin2............................. 6,064 43.7 3.9

MALE

Total, Spanish origin.............................. $7,050 35.4 1.9

Mexican .................................................. 6,891 35.9 1.4
Puerto Rican ........................ .. ..... ..... .... 7,124 36.8 0.8
Cuban........................................... .......... 7,515 33.7 2.4
Other Spanish ........................................... 7,342 33.7 4.1

Not of Spanish origin2 ............... .............. 9,580 28.6 7.0

FEMALE

Total, Spanish origin.............................. $3,359 67.1 0.1

Mexican.................................................. 2,925 71.2 0.1
Puerto Rican............................................. 3,930 66.0 0.3
Cuban.................................................... 3,224 65.9
Other Spanish ........................................... 4,153 58.8 0.2

Not of Spanish origin2............................. 3,588 61.1 0.5

'Includes Central or South American origin and other Spanish origin.
2Includes persons who did not know or did not report on origin.

FIGURE 3.
Percent of Persons of Spanish Origin 14 Years Old
and Over by Marital Status and Sex

Divorced
3.6%

Widowed
1.9%

Married
61.0%

Divorced
6.4%

Widowed
6.4%

Married
59.9%

MALE

Single
33.5%

FEMALE

Single
27.3%

FIGURE 4.
Percent of Persons 25 Years Old and Over
by Years of School Completed, Spanish
Origin, and Type of Spanish Origin

18.8%0

10.6%

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Percent of Persons Who Completed
Less Than 5 Years of School

Total
Spanish
origin

Mexican

Puerto
Rican

Cuban

Other
Spanish1

Not
Spanish2
origin

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Percent of Persons Who Completed
4 Years of High School or More

1 Includes Central or South American origin and other Spanish origin.

2Includes persons who did not know or did not report on origin.

Of Spanish families below the poverty level, the majority,
about 517,000, had related children under 18 years old as
members of the family. The average number of children in
these families was about 2.8 children per family.
Lack of high school education for adults in the family
characterized Spanish origin families in poverty status. In
about 420,000 Spanish families below the poverty level
(about 71 percent of all Spanish families at this level), the
person maintaining the family was not a high school
graduate.
In addition, a large proportion of families maintained by a
woman of Spanish origin were below the poverty level. Of
the approximately 500,000 families of this type in the
Nation, about 275,000, or 1 out of 2, were below the
poverty level (tables K, 31, and 32).

COMPARABILITY OF DATA WITH
THE 1970 CENSUS

An estimate of 9.1 million persons of Spanish origin was
obtained from the 1970 Census of Population, compared
with an estimated 11.3 million persons of Spanish origin
obtained from the March 1977 CPS. This difference between
the 1970 census and the March 1977 CPS estimates of
persons of Spanish origin occurred mostly because of:

1. Survey procedures. Although the 1970 census used
both self-enumeration and direct interviews to collect data

on persons of Spanish origin, the March 1977 CPS was done
entirely by direct interviews (much by telephone).

2. Mexican origin categories. The 1970 census question
on Spanish origin had only one category denoting Mexican
origin, whereas the March 1977 CPS had four categories for
Mexican origin.

3. Determining origin of children under 14 years old. In
the 1970 census the respondents themselves determined
whether their children under 14 years old were or were not
of Spanish origin. In the March 1977 CPS, children under 14
years old in a household were classified as of Spanish origin if
either the household head or his wife was of Spanish origin.

4. Sample size and variability. The 1970 census infor
mation on persons of Spanish origin was based on a sample
of 5 percent of the population; the March 1977 CPS
information was based on a sample of about 1 in 800
persons. Sampling variability, therefore, also affected com-
parability of data for persons of Spanish origin between the
1970 census and the March 1977 CPS.

5. Population growth. Growth of the Spanish population
is another reason why the 1970 census estimate of the
number of persons of Spanish origin differs from that of the
March 1977 CPS. Although birth, death, and migration data
on persons of Spanish origin are not available nationally, nor
can these data be, at present, precisely estimated, rough
computations indicate an approximate rate of natural in-
crease (excess of births over deaths) of about 1.8 percent

Table H. Residence of Spanish Origin Families by Type of Spanish Origin

(Numbers in thousands)

Total Puerto Other Not of
Mexican Cuban
Area Spanish Rican Spanish Spanish
origin . origin 2 2
origin igin origin origin origin origin2

Total families..................... 2,583 1,455 443 189 497 54,126

Metropolitan areas........................ 2,196 1,157 425 185 428 35,759
Central cities......................... 1,326 645 342 91 248 14,203
Balance................................ 870 511 83 95 180 21,556
Nonmetropolitan areas.................... 388 298 17 3 69 18,368

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Total families..................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Metropolitan areas....................... 85.0 79.5 96.1 97.9 86.1 66.1
Central cities......................... 51.3 44.4 77.2 48.1 49.9 26.2
Balance .................................. 33.7 35.1 18.8 50.3 36.2 39.8
Nonmetropolitan areas..................... 15.0 20.5 3.9 1.6 13.9 33.9

1Includes Central or South American origin and other Spanish origin.
21ncludes persons who did not know or did not report on origin.

per year or 12.6 percent for the period between 1970 and
1977. Furthermore, net immigration from abroad could also
have contributed significant growth. For example, in the
7-year period ending June 30, 1977, about 766,000 im-
migrants were admitted to the United States from all
Spanish-speaking countries as permanent residents.

11

Thus, all told, population growth for the period from
April 1970 to March 1977 may account for seven-eighths of
the difference between the 1970 census and the March 1977
figures; the balance in the difference can be accounted for by
the other reasons noted above.

Table I. Spanish Origin Families by Type of Spanish Origin and Size of Family

Total Puerto n Other Not of
Mexican Cuban
Family size Spanish Rican Spanish Spanish
origin origin origin origin origin1 origin2

All families......thousands.. 2,583 1,455 443 189 497 54,126

Percent...................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

2 persons .......................... 24.1 20.7 24.5 35.4 29.2 38.6
3 persons.......................... 23.0 21.1 28.9 21.2 24.1 21.9
4 persons .......................... 22.3 21.3 20.2 29.1 24.1 20.2
5 persons.......................... 14.2 16.4 13.2 6.3 11.9 10.8
6 persons .......................... 8.7 10.2 7.8 4.8 6.4 4.8
7 or more persons.................. 7.7 10.3 5.3 3.2 4.4 3.7

Mean number of persons............. 3.88 4.12 3.69 3.32 3.56 3.34

lIncludes Central or South American origin and other Spanish origin.
2Includes persons who did not know or did not report on origin.

Table J. Income in 1976 of Spanish Origin Families by Type of Spanish Origin

t of Percent of
Percent of
Median fam s wh families with
families with
Type of Spanish family family income below income of
income $4,000 $15,000 or
more

Total, Spanish origin....................... $10,259 13.5 30.1

Mexican............................................ 10,322 12.5 29.1
Puerto Rican ...................................... 7,669 21.6 19.4
Cuban............................................. 11,773 15.4 39.8
Central or South American......................... 12,199 3.9 33.3
Other Spanish .................................... 12,218 11.2 40.5

Not of Spanish origini....................... 15,176 6.6 50.8

IIncludes families with head who did not know or did not report on origin.

FIGURE 5.
Percent Distribution of Employed Persons 16
Years Old and Over by Major
Occupation Group, Spanish
Origin, and Sex

8.2%
16.6%1

2.80

5.9%

4.3%
6.6%

29.10
34.9%

1.90%

1.6%

26.1%

11.1% M

25 221o

21.3% -

50 40 30 20 10

Professional,
technical, and
kindred workers

Managers and
administrators,
except farm

Sales workers

Clerical and
kindred workers

Craft and
kindred workers

Operatives,
including transport

Laborers, excluding
farm

Farmers and farm
managers

Farm laborers and
supervisors

Service workers

15.2%

14.7%

6.2%

6.0%
S6.4%

20.4%
20.5%

26.2%

17.5%

1 10.7%

6.6%

4.4%

14.8%

20 30 40 50

Female (percent)

Spanish origin

Not Spanish
origin

Male (percent)

FIGURE 6.
Median Income in 1976 of Persons
14 Years Old and Over by Spanish Origin,
Type of Spanish Origin, and Sex

Male

Female

$7,050

Total Spanish
origin

Mexican

-$3359
iII/1111319

$6,891

$2,925

$7,124

$3,930

Puerto Rican

$7,515

Cuban

Other Spanish 1

.I $7,342

$4,153

_ .. Tr V f -
.. . - .

22

$3,224

---- y'^^-'.j'^.-~~I'^.. **'J:i- ^*^ -- '-

$9,580

| .

I I I3,000
) 1,000 2,000 3,000

Not Spanish2
origin

4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000

9,000 10,000

Income (dollars)

1 Includes Central or South American origin and other Spanish origin.
2 Includes persons who did not know or did not report on origin.

14

FIGURE 7.
Median Income in 1976 of Families
by Spanish Origin and
Type of Spanish Origin

Thousands of dollars
16-
$15.2

.-L
14-

$12.2 $12.2
12- $11.8 -

$10.3 $10.3 :.

10-

8 $7.7

6-

4-

2

0
Total Mexican Puerto Cuban Central Other Not
Spanish Rican or South Spanish Spanish1
origin American origin

1 Includes persons who did not know or did not report on origin.

FIGURE 8.
Percent of Families in Poverty Status in
1976 by Spanish Origin and
Type of Spanish Origin

Percent
40- 38.8%

35-

30-

25-
23.1"
22.0%,

20-

16.9.%
16.0%o

15-
13.4%0

S. .
10 .' 8.7"o "

*_;-;_".j. a .. -
5 *-;.... ... .
5- t?' ..' "

0
0 .- -- .i -

Total Mexican Puerto Cuban Central Other Not
Spanish Rican or South Spanish Spanish'
origin American origin

1 Includes persons who did not know or did not report on origi.

Table K. Summary Characteristics of Spanish and Mexican Origin Families by Poverty Status

(Numbers in thousands. For meaning of symbols, see text)

Spanish origin Mexican origin Non-Spanish'

Below poverty Below poverty Below poverty
Selected characteristic level level level
Total Total Total
Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Families................. 2,583 598 23.1 1,455 320 22.0 54,126 4,713 8.7

Mean size of family2............ 4.08 4.21 ... 4.26 4.52 ... 3.34 3.63 ...
With related children under
18 years old.................. 1,899 517 27.2 1,112 278 25.0 29,534 3,544 12.0

Mean number of related
children.................. 2.49 2.75 2.56 2.94 ... 2.00 2.44

Persons maintaining the family:
65 years old and over........ 173 44 25.7 94 27 28.7 7,968 681 8.5
Not a high school graduate3.. 1,394 422 30.3 841 234 27.8 17,191 2,492 14.5
Worked last year............. 2,006 272 13.6 1,205 194 16.1 43,031 2,273 5.3
Worked year round full time. 1,337 82 6.2. 786 59 7.5 32,026 771 2.4
Woman......................... 517 275 53.1 235 119 50.6 7,196 2,268 31.5

'Includes families maintained by persons who did not know or did not report on origin.
2Mean based on persons of Spanish or other origin in Spanish origin families.
3Person 25 years and over.

Table L. Number of Persons of Spanish Origin: 1970 Census and March 1977
Current Population Survey

1977 CPS
Type of Spanish origin 1970 census
Number Percent change

Total.................................... 9,072,602 11,269,000 24.2

Mexican origin.................................. 4,532,435 6,545,000 44.4
Puerto Rican origin............................ 1,429,396 1,742,000 21.9
Cuban origin.................................. 544,600 681,000 25.0
Central or South American origin............... 1,508,866 872,000 '-42.2
Other Spanish origin........................... 1,057,305 1,428,000 35.1

'Decrease in the number of persons designated as of Central or South American origin between
1970 and 1977 may have occurred because of: (1) a shift to one of the four Mexican origin cate-
gories included in the March 1977 CPS, and (2) the replacement of self-reporting with direct
interview.

NOTE

In the past the Census Bureau has designated a head of household to serve as the central reference person
for the collection and tabulation of data for individual members of the household (or family). However,
recent social changes have resulted in a trend toward recognition of more equal status for all members of
the household (or family), making the term "head" less relevant in the analysis of household and family
data. As a result, the Bureau is currently developing new techniques of enumeration and data presentation
which will eliminate the concept of "head." While much of the data in this report are based on the concept
of "head," methodology for future Census Bureau reports will reflect a gradual movement away from this
traditional practice.

Table 1. POPULATION OF SPANISH ORIGIN BY SEX AND TYPE OF SPANISH ORIGIN, FOR THE UNITED STATES

AND THE FIVE SOUTHWESTERN STATES

( March 1977. Numbers in thousands.)

AR,.A ANID ORIGIN

BOTH SEXLS

NUMBER

PERCENT

MALE

NUMBER

PLER LNT

FEMALE

NUMBER

PERCENT

UNIT:U STATES

PiKSONS OF SPANISH ORIGIN ....... 11,269 100.0 5,486 100.0 5,782 100.0
MEXICAN. 5......... ..... .............. .. 6, 58.1 3,225 5a.7 5, 22 b7.'5
PUERTO KICAN.......................... 1 ,7+2 15.5 809 14.7 934 16.2
CUBAN.......... ....................... 681 6.0 327 5.9 3'8 6.2
C N1I(AL OR SOUTH AME I CAN.............. 872 7.7 '42i 7.8 44) 7.7
OTHER SPANISH.......................... 1,428 12.7 703 12.8 725 12.'

FIVL SOUTHW-EST'RN lAT ,

PERSONS OF SPANISH ORIGIN....... 6,670 100.0 3,285 100.0 3,385 100.0
MEXICAN.... ........................... 5,695 85.4 2,810 85.6 2,885 H5.2
PUERTO RICAN.......................... 60 0.9 32 1.0 28 0.8
0 HELR SPANISH ....................... 914 13.7 442 13.5 472 13.9
'INCLUDES CUBAN, CENIRAL OR SOUTH AMERICAN, AND OTHER SPANISH ORIGIN.

Table 2. TOTAL AND SPANISH ORIGIN POPULATION BY BROAD AGE GROUPS, SEX, AND TYPE OF SPANISH ORIGIN

SPANISH ORIGIN

SEX AND AGE CENTRAL
TOTAL PUERTO OR SOUTH OTHER
POPULATION TOTAL MEXICAN RICAN CUBAN AMERICAN SPANISH

BOTH SEXES

MEDIAN AGE . . . . .YEARS. 29.2 21.7 20.8 20.4 37.7 25.8 20.9

PERCENT:
UNDER 5 YEARS OLD . . . ... 7.2 12.4 13.3 12.8 4.3 11.7 11.9
18 YEARS OLD AND OVER. . . . 69.8 57.7 56.2 54.2 73.8 63.2 57.4
65 YEARS OLD AND OVER . . ... .10.4 4.1 3.6 2.8 11.2 2.3 5.6

MALE

MEDIAN AGE . . . . .YEARS. 28.1 20.6 20.4 18.9 35.2 23.6 18.9

PERCENT:
UNDER 5 YEARS OLD . . . ... 7.6 13.1 13.9 13.1 5.0 12.9 13.1
18 YEARS OLD AND OVER . . ... 68.2 55.5 55.0 51.5 69.3 60.5 52.8
65 YEARS OLD AND OVER . . ... .8.9 3.9 3.5 2.5 8.9 2.1 5.9

FEMALE

MEDIAN AGE .. . . . .YEARS. 30. 22.6 21.2 21.5 39.6 27.1 22.8

PERCENT:
UNDER 5 YEARS OLD. . . . .. 6.8 11.7 12.6 12.6 3.6 10.4 10.8
18 YEARS OLD AND OVER . . ... 71.2 59.7 57.4 56.5 77.9 55.9 61.8
65 YEARS OLD AND OVER . . ... 11.8 4.4 3.8 3.1 13.3 2.5 5.4

Table 3. TOTAL AND SPANISH ORIGIN POPULATION BY AGE, SEX, AND TYPE OF SPANISH ORIGIN

(For the United States, March 1977)

Spanish origin

Sex and age Central Not of
Total Puerto or South Other Spanish
population Total Mexican Rican Cuban American Spanish origin1

BOTH SEXES

Total ...................thousands.. 212 566 11,269 6,545 1,742 681 872 1,428 201,297
Percent.................... ............. 10.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Under 5 years ............................ 7.2 12.4 13.3 12.8 4.3 11.7 11.9 6.9
5 and 6 years............................ 3.3 5.1 5.1 6.0 4.5 4.7 5.0 3.1
7 to 9 years............................. 4.8 7.1 7.0 9.3 3.8 6.0 7.0 4.7
10 to 13 years........................... 7.1 9.3 9.5 10.0 6.0 7.5 10.3 7.0
14 and 15 years.......................... 3.9 4.4 4.7 4.3 4.4 2.9 4.1 3.9
16 and 17 years.......................... 3.9 4.0 4.3 3.4 3.2 4.1 4.3 3.9
18 and 19 years.......................... 3.8 4.4 4.6 3.5 4.0 3.3 5.4 3.8
20 and 21 years.......................... 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.2 2.9 4.3 3.8
22 to 24 years........................... 5.3 5.7 6.4 4.9 2.2 5.2 5.7 5.3
25 to 29 years........................... 8.2 8.1 8.3 8.9 4.8 11.0 6.2 8.2
30 to 34 years........................... 7.0 7.0 6.8 7.3 4.6 12.4 5.5 7.0
35 to 44 years........................... 10.9 11.2 10.8 11.4 14.8 15.4 8.7 10.9
45 to 54 years........................... 11.0 8.2 7.2 7.6 17.3 8.4 8.8 11.1
55 to 64 years........................... 9.4 5.0 4.5 4.1 10.6 2.3 7.0 9.7
65 to 74 years........................... 6.7 2.8 2.4 2.2 7.5 1.8 4.0 6.9
75 years and over........................ 3.7 1.3 1.3 0.6 3.7 0.5 1.6 3.9
18 years and over ........................ 69.8 57.7 56.2 54.2 73.8 63.2 57.4 70.4
21 years and over........................ 64.0 51.2 49.5 49.0 66.8 58.5 49.8 64.7
Median age ........................years.. 29.2 21.7 20.8 20.4 37.7 25.8 20.9 1 29.6

MALE

Total...................thousands.. 103,081 5,486 3,223 809 323 429 703 97,595
Percent.......................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Under 5 years............................ 7.6 13.1 13.9 13.1 5.0 12.9 13.1 7.3
5 and 6 years............................ 3.4 5.5 5.5 5.8 5.5 5.1 5.7 3.3
7 to 9 years............................. 5.1 7.6 7.2 10.5 4.1 6.1 8.2 4.9
10 to 13 years........................... 7.5 9.5 9.6 10.3 6.8 7.5 10.8 7,4
14 and 15 years.......................... 4.1 4.6 4.6 5.2 5.8 3.3 4.4 4.1
16 and 17 years.......................... 4.1 4.2 4.2 3.5 3.6 4.6 5.0 4.1
18 and 19 years.......................... 3.9 4.4 4.2 3.6 3.9 4.0 6.4 3.8
20 and 21 years.......................... 3.8 3.8 4.0 3.4 4.1 3.9 3.2 3.8
22 to 24 years........................... 5.3 5.5 6.2 5.1 1.9 4.8 4.7 5.3
25 to 29 years........................... 8.3 7.8 8.6 6.7 4.6 8.6 6.3 8.4
30 to 34 years........................... 7.1 6.9 6.9 6.4 4.5 13.5 4.6 7.1
35 to 44 years ........................... 10.9 10.6 10.2 11.5 13.3 14.1 7.5 10.9
45 to 54 years........................... 10.9 8.0 7.0 7.6 18.5 7.9 7.8 11.1
55 to 64 years........................... 9.2 4.8 4.5 4.7 9.5 1.6 6.4 9.4
65 to 74 years........................... 6.0 2.6 2.3 1.8 6.4 1.3 4.0 6.1
75 years and over........................ 2.9 1.3 1.2 0.7 2.5 0.8 1.9 3.0
18 years and over........................ 68.2 55.5 55.0 51.5 69.3 60.5 52.8 68.9
21 years and over........................ 62.5 49.2 48.7 46.8 62.6 55.3 44.5 63.2
Median age ........................years.. 28.1 20.6 20.41 18.9 35.2 23.6 18.9 28.6

FEMALE

Total..................... thousands.. 109,485 5,782 3,322 934 358 443 725 103,702
Percent.......................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Under 5 years............................ 6.8 11.7 12.6 12.6 3.6 10.4 10.8 6.5
5 and 6 years............................ 3.1 4.8 4.7 6.2 3.6 4.2 4.3 3.0
7 to 9 years............................. 4.6 6.6 6.8 8.1 3.5 5.8 5.9 4.5
10 to 13 years........................... 6.8 9.1 9.4 9.7 5.4 7.4 9.9 6.7
14 and 15 years.......................... 3.7 4.2 4.7 3.5 3.3 2.5 3.8 3.7
16 and 17 years........................... 3.8 3.9 4.4 3.4 2.8 3.7 3.6 3.7
18 and 19 years.......................... 3.8 4.4 5.0 3.3 4.1 2.7 4.5 3.8
20 and 21 years...................................... 3.7 4.0 3.9 4.1 4.2 2.0 5.5 3.7
22 to 24 years........................... 5.2 6.0 6.6 4.8 2.5 5.5 6.6 5.2
25 to 29 years........................... 8.1 8.4 8.0 10.7 5.0 13.4 6.1 8.1
30 to 34 years........................... 6.9 7.2 6.8 8.1 4.7 11.3 6.3 6.9
35 to 44 years........................... 10.9 11.8 11.3 11.3 16.2 16.7 9.9 10.8
45 to 54 years........................... 11.0 8.4 7.4 7.5 16.3 8.8 9.8 11.2
55 to 64 years........................... 9.7 5.1 4.6 3.5 11.6 3.1 7.7 9.9
65 to 74 years........................... 7.3 3.1 2.5 2.6 8.6 2.3 4.0 7.5
75 years and over ........................ 4.5 1.3 1.3 0.5 4.8 0.2 1.4 4.7
18 years and over........................ 71.2 59.7 57.4 56.5 77.9 65.9 61.8 71.8
21 years and over ....................... 65.5 53.0 50.2 50.9 70.6 61.6 55.0 66.2
Median age........................years.. 30.2 22.6 21.2 21.5 39.6 27.1 22.8 30.8

'Includes persons who did not know or did not report on origin.

Table 4. TOTAL AND SPANISH ORIGIN POPULATION BY AGE, SEX, AND TYPE OF SPANISH ORIGIN,

FOR THE FIVE SOUTHWESTERN STATES

(March 1977)

Sex and age

BOTH SEXES

Total................... thousands..
Percent ..........................
Under 5 years ............................
5 and 6 years ............................
7 to 9 years .............................
10 to 13 years ...........................
14 and 15 years..........................
16 and 17 years..........................
18 and 19 years ..........................
20 and 21 years..........................
22 to 24 years...........................
25 to 29 years ...........................
30 to 34 years...........................
35 to 44 years ...........................
45 to 54 years ...........................
55 to 64 years ...........................
65 to 74 years ...........................
75 years and over........................
18 years and over ........................
21 years and over........................
Median age........................ .years..

MALE

Total ...................thousands..
Percent..........................
Under 5 years ............................
5 and 6 years ............................
7 to 9 years.............................
10 to 13 years ...........................
14 and 15 years..........................
16 and 17 years ..........................
18 and 19 years ..........................
20 and 21 years ..........................
22 to 24 years...........................
25 to 29 years...........................
30 to 34 years ...........................
35 to 44 years ...........................
45 to 54 years...........................
55 to 64 years...........................
65 to 74 years ...........................
75 years and over........................
18 years and over........................
21 years and over........................
Median age........................years..

FEMALE

Total
population

39,941
100.0
7.6
3.3
4.7
6.7
3.7
3.8
3.7
4.0
5.8
9.2
7.5
11.1
10.4
9.0
6.2
3.4
70.3
64.5
28.7

19,702
100.0
7.9
3.5
5.0
7.0
4.0
3.9
3.7
3.9
5.7
9.4
7.6
11.1
10.4
8.6
5.7
2.8
68.8
63.0
27.9

Total
Spanish
origin

6,670
100.0
12.8
4.9
6.9
9.1
4.4
4.2
4.5
3.9
6.3
8.5
6.8
10.6
7.7
5.3
2.8
1.3
57.8
51.2
21.7

3,285
100.0
13.6
5.3
7.2
9.2
4.5
4.1
4.1
3.8
6.1
8.7
6.7
10.1
7.6
5.2
2.6
1.2
56.2
50.0
21.1

Total. ..................thousands.. 20,241
Percent .......................... 100.0
Under 5 years............................ 7.3
5 and 6 years............................ 3.0
7 to 9 years............................. 4.4
10 to 13 years.................. ........ 6.5
14 and 15 years.......................... 3.4
16 and 17 years.......................... 3.6
18 and 19 years........... ......... ....... 3.7
20 and 21 years.......................... 4.0
22 to 24 years........................... 5.9
25 to 29 years......................... ... 9.0
30 to 34 years........................... ..7.4
35 to 44 years................. .......... .. 11.2
45 to 54 years................ ........... .. 10.4
55 to 64 years........................... 9.4
65 to 74 years....................... ..... 6.7
75 years and over........................ 4.0
18 years and over........................ 71.7
21 years and over........................ 66.0
Median age........................years.. 29.5

'Includes Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, and other
2Includes persons who did not know or did not report on origin.

3,385
100.0
12.1
4.5
6.5
8.9
4.4
4.3
4.9
4.0
6.6
8.2
6.9
11.0
7.8
5.4
3.0
1.5
59.3
52.3
22.2

Spanish origin.

Mexican
origin

5,695
100.0
13.2
5.1
7.1
9.2
4.4
4.2
4.5
3.9
6.4
8.5
7.0
10.7
7.1
4.8
2.6
1.3
56.8
50.3
21.2

2,810
100.0
13.9
5.4
7.3
9.3
4.5
3.9
3.9
3.8
6.2
8.8
7.1
10.4
6.9
4.9
2.4
1.2
55.6
49.7
20.9

Other
Spanish
origin1

974
100.0
10.5
4.1
5.6
7.9
4.4
4.2
4.7
4.3
5.9
8.3
5.5
10.1
11.0
8.1
4.1
1.4
63.3
56.5
24.2

474
100.0
11.3
4.8
6.6
8.2
4.3
5.0
5.3
4.1
5.4
8.1
4.3
8.6
11.3
7.3
4.0
1.3
59.7
52.1
22.2

500
100.0
9.8
3.4
4.7
7.7
4.4
3.4
4.2
4.5
6.5
8.4
6.7
11.4
10.7
8.8
4.1
1.5
66.7
60.6
26.0

Not of
Spanish
origin2

33,271
100.0
6.6
2.9
4.3
6.2
3.6
3.7
3.5
4.0
5.7
9.3
7.6
11.2
10.9
9.8
6.9
3.8
72.8
67.2
30.2

16,417
100.0
6.7
3.2
4.5
6.5
3.9
3.8
3.7
4.0
5.6
9.5
7.8
11.2
11.0
9.3
6.3
3.1
71.3
65.5
29.3

16,856
100.0
6.4
2.7
4.0
6.0
3.2
3.5
3.4
4.0
5.8
9.1
7.5
11.3
10.9
10.2
7.4
4.4
74.2
68.8
31.2

2,885
100.0
12.5
4.7
6.8
9.1
4.4
4.4
5.0
4.0
6.6
8.2
6.9
11.0
7.3
4.8
2.8
1.5
58.0
50.9
21.5

Table 5. MARITAL STATUS OF PERSONS OF SPANISH ORIGIN 14 YEARS OLD
AND OVER BY TYPE OF SPANISH ORIGIN AND SEX
(For the United States, March 1977)

TOTAL SPANISH MEXICAN PUERTO RICAN CUBAN CENTRAL OR OTHER SPANISH
MARITAL STATUS ORIGIN SOUTH AMERICAN

MALF FEMALE MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE

NUMBER

PERSONS 14 YEARS AND OVER 3 526 3 922 2 054 2 209 487 592 254 300 293 319 437 502

SINGLE. . . . . .... II 182 1 070 677 620 161 159 75 70 94 73 175 147
MARRIED . . . . . .. 2 151 2 351 1 270 1 327 296 355 159 171 188 204 238 294
WIDOWED . . .. . .... 66 252 37 138 14 31 4 35 2 21 10 27
DIVORCED. . . . . .... 126 250 69 124 16 47 16 24 11 21 15 34

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

PERSONS 14 YEARS AND OVER 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

SINGLE . . . . . ... 33.5 27.3 33.0 28.1 33.1 26.9 29.7 23.3 31.9 23.0 40.0 29.4
MARRIED . . . . .... 61.0 59.9 61.8 60.1 60.7 60.0 62.8 57.0 64.0 63.8 54.4 58.5
WIDOWED . . . . . .. 1.9 6.4 1.8 6.2 2.9 5.2 1.4 11.8 0.5 6.5 2.3 5.4
DIVORCED . . .. . ... 3.6 6.4 3.4 5.6 3.3 8.0 6.1 7.9 3.6 6.6 3.3 6.7

23

Table 6. MARITAL STATUS OF SPANISH ORIGIN PERSONS 14 YEARS OLD AND OVER BY TYPE OF
SPANISH ORIGIN, AGE, AND SEX

(For the United States, March 1977. For meaning of symbols, see text)

AGE (YEARS)
TYPE OF SPANISH ORIGIN, SEX, TOTAL,
AND MARITAL STATUS 14 YEARS 14 AND 16 TO 20 TO 25 TO 30 TO 35 TO 40 TO 45 TO 50 TO 55 TO 60 TO 65 AND
AND OVER 15 19 24 29 34 39 44 49 54 59 64 OVER

SPANISH ORIGIN

MALE. . . THOUSANDS. 3 526 254 467 506 428 377 297 282 240 197 152 113 211
PERCENT . . . 1000 1000 1000 1000 000 1000 100.0 0. 1. 1. 1.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

SINGLE ... . . . ...... 335 99.7 93.2 56.2 20.5 8.0 5.9 3.7 7.1 4.5 10.7 3.6 6.1
MARRIED, SPOUSE PRESENT . . 57.6 0.3 6.4 38.9 71.5 79.5 85.9 84.2 80.9 81.1 78.2 80.8 66.3
MARRIED, SPOUSE ABSENT.. . .... 3.4 0.4 3.0 4.1 6.8 3.5 4.0 5.4 4.7 3.5 2.4 3.9
WIDOWED ..... ........ 1.9 0.4 0.7 1.0 1.2 4.4 7.7 20.0
DIVORCED. ............ 3.6 1.9 3.8 4.4 4.7 7.4 5.6 8.4 3.3 5.5 3.6

FEMALE. . . .THOUSANDS. 3 922 240 485 578 487 414 381 304 282 201 155 130 253
PERCENT .. . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

SINGLE . . . ....... 27,3 98.1 77.5 40.1 16.2 11.9 6.3 5.8 4.6 3.8 7.1 7.8 5.2
MARRIED, SPOUSE PRESENT . .. . 53.0 1.9 18.1 49.5 66.3 71.8 72.1 73.8 70.4 66.4 59.1 50.3 34.2
MARRIED, SPOUSE ABSENT. .69 2.5 6.7 10.4 6.6 8.9 8.3 10.5 9. 98 6.5 3.4
WIDOWED ..6.. 4 0.4 0.4 0.7 1.1 2.1 2.3 5.0 9.1 15.2 23.9 53.7
DIVORCED. ............. 6.4 1.5 3.2 6.3 8.5 10.6 9.8 9.5 11.1 8.9 11.5 3.5

MEXICAN ORIGIN

MALE. . . ..THOUSANDS. 2 054 148 269 326 277 221 169 161 124 103 80 65 112
PERCENT . . .... ... n100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (B) 100.0

SINGLE . ... .. . .. 33.0 99.6 92.7 53.9 17.6 7.7 4.0 2.1 5.2 3.3 11.3 (B) 7.7
MARRIED, SPOUSE PRESENT . . .. 58.4 0.4 7.3 41.3 73.6 81.5 87.9 85.4 80.4 84.3 79.2 (B) 64.7
MARRIED, SPOUSE ABSENT . . ... 3.4 3.4 4.7 6.1 3.2 2.6 7.0 6.4 3.6 (B) 2.8
WIDOWED .. ... .. ..... 1.8 0.7 0.7 1.3 2.8 (B) 22.6
DIVORCED. . . . . .... 3.4 1.4 4.1 4.0 4.9 9.2 6.0 5.9 3.1 (B) 2.3

FEMALE. . . .THOUSANDS. 2 709 157 312 350 266 226 205 172 143 102 92 59 126
PERCENT . . . . .... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (B) 100.0

SINGLE . . . . .... 28.1 98.7 74.2 36.9 14.1 11.2 5.5 5.7 3.8 2.4 7.3 (B) 2.7
MARRIED,. SPOUSE PRESENT . . . 55.0 1.3 21.9 53.0 72.6 73.2 74.5 78.4 76.0 69.2 66.5 (B) 34.6
MARRIED, SPOUSE ABSENT . . . 5.1 2.6 6.0 6.6 3.7 7.2 5.2 8.9 6.8 7.1 (B) 4.0
WIDOWED . . . . . . . 6.2 0.2 0.3 0.8 1.5 3.1 2.1 4.4 7.4 15.7 (B) 57.9
DIVORCED. . . . . . . 5.6 1.1 3.9 5.9 10.3 9.6 8.6 6.9 14.2 3.3 (B) 0.,

OTHER SPANISH'

MALE. . . ..THOUSANDS. 1 472 106 198 180 151 157 128 121 116 94 72 48 99
PERCENT . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (B) (B) 100.0

SINGLE . . . . .... 34.3 100.0 93.9 60.5 25.9 10.6 8.5 5.8 9.1 5.9 (8) (B) 4.4
MARRIED, SPOUSE PRESENT . . .. 56.4 5.2 34.6 67.6 76.7 83.3 82.5 81.3 77.6 (3) (B) 68.1
MARRIED, SPOUSE ABSENT . . . 3.4 0.9 2.3 3.0 7.8 3.8 6.0 3.7 2.8 (B) (B) 5.3
WIDOWED . . . . . . .. 2.0 0.7 0.7 2.5 (B) (B) 17.1
DIVORCED. . . . . . ... 39 2.7 3.4 4.9 4.4 5.1 5.2 11.2 (3) (8) 5.1

FEMALE . .... .THOUSANDS. 1 713 83 174 229 222 188 177 132 139 100 73 71 127
PERCENT . . .... ... .100O0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (B) (B) 100.0
SINGLE . . . ...... 26.3 97.0 83.5 45.1 18.7 12.8 7.3 5.9 5.4 5.2 (9) (B) 7.6
MARRIED, SPOUSE PRESENT .. ... 50.5 3.0 11.3 44.3 58.7 70.1 69.2 68.0 64.7 63.6 (9) (B) 33.8
MARRIED, SPOUSE ABSENT . . . 9.3 2.5 7.7 15.0 10.1 10.8 12.3 12.1 12.5 (B) (B) 2.8
WIDOWED .. . . ..... 6.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.9 2.5 5.5 10.8 (9) (B) 49.6
DIVORCED .............. 7.3 2.2 2.2 6.8 6.4 11.7 11.2 12.3 7.9 (B) (B) 6.2

SOUTH AMERICAN, AND OTHER SPANISH ORIGIN.

'INCLUDES'PUERTO RICAN, CUBAN, CENTRAL OR

Table 7. PERCENT OF TOTAL AND SPANISH ORIGIN POPULATION 25 YEARS OLD AND OVER BY TYPE

OF SPANISH ORIGIN, YEARS OF SCHOOL COMPLETED, AGE, AND SEX

(For the United States, March 1977)

Spanish origin
Sex, years of school completed,
and age Total Other
population Total Mexican Spanish'

MALE

Percent Completed Less Than 5 Years
of School

Total, 25 years and over................... 4.1 17.2 22.2 10.5
25 to 29 years.................................... 0.8 8.6 10.4 5.2
30 to 34 years................................... 0.9 7.3 10.3 3.1
35 to 44 years................................... 2.2 11.5 15.7 5.9
45 to 64 years .......................... ........ 4.4 23.9 31.8 15.1
65 years and over................................ 11.2 45.4 62.1 26.5

Percent Completed 4 Years of High
School or More

Total, 25 years and over................... 65.6 42.4 36.5 50.2
25 to 29 years................................... 86.6 61.9 58.3 68.7
30 to 34 years................................... 82.3 53.3 47.9 61.0
35 to 44 years................................... 74.3 43.8 38.4 51.0
45 to 64 years................................... 59.3 30.1 20.1 41.2
65 years and over................................ 36.0 19.9 8.4 32.8

Percent Completed 4 Years of College
or More

Total, 25 years and over................... 19.2 8.1 4.7 12.7

FEMALE

Percent Completed Less Than 5 Years
of School

Total, 25 years and over................... 3.4 18.7 24.4 12.3
25 to 29 years................................... 0.9 5.8 6.4 5.0
30 to 34 years................................... 0.8 8.0 11.4 3.8
35 to 44 years................................... 1.6 13.6 15.2 11.6
45 to 64 years................................... 3.2 25.9 38.3 13.0
65 years and over................................................... 8.8 52.9 68.4 37.5

Percent Completed 4 Years of High
School or More

Total, 25 years and over ................... 64.4 37.2 30.8 44.4
25 to 29 years................................... 84.2 54.6 52.1 57.6
30 to 34 years................................... 79.7 45.1 39.3 52.1
35 to 44 years................................... 73.0 39.2 33.2 46.5
45 to 64 years................................... 61.7 28.2 18.3 38.5
65 years and over................................ 38.5 13.1 3.0 23.1

Percent Completed 4 Years of College
or More

Total, 25 years and over ................... 12.0 4.5 3.2 5.9

1Includes Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, and other Spanish origin.

Table 8. YEARS OF SCHOOL COMPLETED BY PERSONS OF SPANISH ORIGIN 14 YEARS OLD AND OVER
BY AGE, SEX, AND TYPE OF SPANISH ORIGIN

(For the United States, March 1977. For meaning of symbols, see text)

Years of school completed Percent
high school
Sex, type of Spanish origin, Elementary school High school College Median Percent graduates,
and age Total school high 1 or more
(thou- 0 to 4 5 to 7 8 1 to 3 4 1 to 3 4 years years school years of
sands) Percent years years years years years years or more completed graduates college

BOTH SEXES

Spanish Origin

Total, 14 years and over... 7,448 100.0 13.0 14.9 10.8 23.4 23.7 9.6 4.7 10.4 38.0 14.3
14 to 19 years.................... 1,447 100.0 1.6 14.1 19.6 49.8 12.0 3.0 9.8 15.0 3.0
20 to 24 years.................. 1,085 100.0 5.1 8.1 5.3 20.0 36.2 21.0 4.3 12.3 61.5 25.3
25 years and over ................ 4,916 100.0 18.0 16.6 9.5 16.3 24.4 9.0 6.2 10.1 39.6 15.2
25 to 34 years................ 1,707 100.0 7.4 13.0 6.8 19.0 32.0 14.9 7.0 12.1 53.9 21.9
25 to 29 years................ 915 100.0 7.1 11.8 6.3 16.8 34.2 17.2 6.7 12.2 58.1 23.8
30 to 34 years................ 792 100.0 7.6 14.4 7.4 21.6 29.4 12.3 7.3 11.8 49.0 19.6
35 to 44 years................. 1,265 100.0 12.6 16.7 10.0 19.4 26.4 7.7 7.2 10.6 41.3 14.9
45 to 64 years................ 1,480 100.0 25.0 21.0 11.5 13.4 18.5 5.2 5.4 8.3 29.1 10.6
65 years and over............... 464 100.0 49.5 15.6 11.3 7.4 10.0 3.1 3.1 5.1 16.2 6.1

Mexican Origin

Total, 14 years and over... 4,263 100.0 16.4 16.8 10.2 23.8 21.5 8.4 2.9 9.8 32.8 11.3
14 to 19 years................... 885 100.0 2.5 15.5 20.2 49.3 9.9 2.7 9.6 12.6 2.7
20 to 24 years................... 676 100.0 7.2 10.6 6.1 19.8 36.0 17.6 2.6 12.2 56.2 20.2
25 years and over................ 2,701 100.0 23.3 18.8 7.9 16.4 21.7 7.9 3.9 9.0 33.6 11.8
25 to 34 years................. 990 100.0 9.6 15.3 7.0 18.3 29.9 14.5 5.5 12.0 50.0 20.0
25 to 29 years............... 543 100.0 8.4 14.2 5.4 16.6 32.9 16.4 6.0 12.2 55.3 22.4
30 to 34 years................ 447 100.0 10.9 16.5 8.8 20.4 26.3 12.4 4.8 11.0 43.5 17.2
35 to 44 years.................. 706 100.0 15.5 21.3 8.2 19.4 25.1 6.2 4.4 9.7 35.7 10.6
45 to 64 years................. 767 100.0 35.1 22.2 9.2 14.2 13.8 2.9 2.5 7.1 19.2 5.4
65 years and over............... 238 100.0 65.4 15.5 6.8 6.7 3.4 1.4 0.8 2.7 5.6 2.1

Puerto Rican Origin

Total, 14 years and over... 1,079 100.0 13.2 14.4 13.5 27.7 21.8 6.9 2.5 9.8 31.2 9.4
14 to 19 years ................... 195 100.0 0.4 15.9 22.5 48.0 11.2 2.1 9.5 13.3 2.1
20 to 24 years................... 152 100.0 2.7 6.7 5.7 28.1 33.1 19.2 4.5 12.2 56.8 23.7
25 years and over ................ 733 100.0 18.8 15.6 12.8 22.2 22.3 5.6 2.8 9.4 30.6 8.4
25 to 34 years.................. 282 100.0 5.7 13.1 9.9 28.4 29.1 9.2 4.3 10.9 42.7 13.7
25 to 29 years............... 154 100.0 6.6 8.3 11.7 27.5 30.1 11.6 4.1 11.3 45.9 15.8
30 to 34 years................ 127 100.0 4.6 18.8 8.0 29.6 27.8 6.4 4.7 10.7 38.9 11.1
35 to 44 years.................. 198 100.0 18.6 10.8 13.6 26.5 23.5 4.7 2.2 9.6 30.4 6.9
45 to 64 years.................. 203 100.0 25.3 23.5 18.0 13.6 15.5 2.3 1.8 8.1 19.6 4.1
65 years and over.............. 49 (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)

Other Spanish Origin1

Total, 14 years and over... 2,106 100.0 5.7 11.2 10.8 20.3 29.1 13.6 9.4 12.1 52.0 23.0
14 to 19 years.................... 366 100.0 9.8 16.7 51.9 17.2 4.6 10.4 21.9 4.6
20 to 24 years................... 256 100.0 1.2 2.7 2.7 15.6 38.7 31.6 8.2 12.7 78.5 39.8
25 years and over................ 1,482 100.0 8.0 13.1 10.7 13.3 30.4 12.8 11.9 12.2 55.1 24.7
25 to 34 years.................. 435 100.0 3.7 7.8 4.1 14.7 38.6 19.3 12.0 12.5 69.9 31.3
25 to 29 years................ 218 100.0 4.1 8.3 4.1 10.1 39.9 23.4 10.1 12.6 73.4 33.5
30 to 34 years................ 218 100.0 2.8 7.8 4.1 19.3 36.7 15.6 13.8 12.4 66.1 29.4
35 to 44 years.................. 360 100.0 3.6 10.8 11.7 15.3 30.6 12.5 15.3 12.3 58.3 27.8
45 to 64 years.................. 509 100.0 9.4 18.5 12.6 12.2 26.7 10.0 11.2 11.3 47.9 21.2
65 years and over.............. 176 100.0 23.3 15.9 19.9 9.1 20.5 5.7 7.4 8.5 33.5 13.1

MALE

Spanish Origin

Total, 14 years and over... 3,526 100.0 12.6 14.0 10.5 23.8 22.5 10.7 6.0 10.5 39.1 16.7
14 to 19 years.................... 721 100.0 2.6 14.2 19.0 51.5 10.5 2.2 9.7 12.7 2.2
20 to 24 years................... 506 100.0 5.7 7.1 5.1 19.8 33.5 24.1 4.6 12.4 62.2 28.6
25 years and over ............... 2,298 100.0 17.2 15.5 9.0 16.0 23.8 10.4 8.1 10.5 42.4 18.6
25 to 34 years.................. 805 100.0 8.0 10.9 6.5 16.8 31.9 17.4 8.6 12.2 57.9 26.0
25 to 29 years................ 428 100.0 8.6 10.9 4.8 13.8 35.4 19.4 7.1 12.3 61.9 26.5
30 to 34 years................ 377 100.0 7.3 11.1 8.3 20.0 28.0 15.1 10.2 12.1 53.3 25.3
35 to 44 years.................. 579 100.0 11.5 14.9 9.0 20.8 25.7 8.0 10.1 11.0 43.8 18.1
45 to 64 years.................. 702 100.0 23.9 21.1 11.4 13.5 16.6 6.1 7.3 8.4 30.1 13.4
65 years and over.............. 211 100.0 45.4 16.0 10.7 8.1 11.2 4.9 3.9 5.9 19.9 8.7
See footnote at end of table.

Table 8. YEARS OF SCHOOL COMPLETED BY PERSONS OF SPANISH ORIGIN 14 YEARS OLD AND OVER
BY AGE, SEX, AND TYPE OF SPANISH ORIGIN-Continued

(For the United States, March 1977. For meaning of symbols, see text)

Years of school completed Percent
high school
Sex, type of Spanish origin, Elementary school High school College Median Percent graduates,
and age Total school high 1 or more
(thou- 0 to 4 5 to 7 8 1 to 3 4 1 to 3 4 years years school years of
sands) Percent years years years years years years or more completed graduates college

MALE--Con.

Mexican Origin

Total, 14 years and over... 2,054 100.0 16.3 15.7 10.0 23.4 20.9 10.1 3.5 10.0 34.6 13.7
14 to 19 years ................... 417 100.0 4.2 14.3 19.2 52.3 7.6 2.2 9.6 9.9 2.2
20 to 24 years.................... 326 100.0 8.4 9.2 5.6 18.3 34.6 20.4 3.5 12.2 58.5 23.9
25 years and over................. 1,311 100.0 22.2 17.7 8.1 15.5 21.7 10.1 4.7 9.3 36.5 14.8
25 to 34 years.................. 498 100.0 10.4 13.3 7.6 15.1 29.5 18.9 5.2 12.1 53.7 24.2
25 to 29 years ............... 277 100.0 10.4 12.8 5.6 12.9 33.0 19.9 5.4 12.3 58.3 25.3
30 to 34 years................ 221 100.0 10.3 13.7 10.2 18.0 25.1 17.6 5.2 11.5 47.9 22.8
35 to 44 years.................. 330 100.0 15.7 19.7 6.9 19.3 26.0 6.3 6.1 10.2 38.4 12.4
45 to 64 years................. 371 100.0 31.8 23.1 10.2 14.7 12.6 3.8 3.7 7.4 20.1 7.5
65 years and over............... 112 100.0 62.1 14.2 6.7 8.5 4.7 2.9 0.8 3.3 8.4 3.7

Puerto Rican Origin

Total, 14 years and over... 487 100.0 13.1 12.9 13.9 28.6 20.7 7.6 3.2 9.8 31.5 10.8
14 to 19 years................... 99 100.0 0.7 21.5 20.8 48.9 6.5 1.6 9.2 8.1 1.6
20 to 24 years................... 68 (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)
25 years and over ................ 320 100.0 19.3 12.1 13.7 22.3 22.5 6.0 4.1 9.5 32.7 10.1
25 to 34 years................. 106 100.0 7.5 8.5 10.4 27.4 32.1 9.4 5.7 11.7 47.2 15.2
25 to 29 years............... 55 (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)
30 to 34 years............... 52 (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)
35 to 44 years.................. 93 100.0 12.9 8.1 14.7 29.8 25.8 5.4 3.4 10.0 34.7 8.8
45 to 64 years ................. 100 100.0 28.3 19.0 18.3 13.3 14.1 3.5 3.6 8.1 21.2 7.1
65 years and over.............. 20 (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)

Other Spanish Origin1

Total, 14 years and over... 984 100.0 4.3 11.3 9.9 22.3 26.6 13.4 12.4 12.1 52.4 25.8
14 to 19 years ................... 205 100.0 10.2 17.6 50.7 18.5 2.4 10.3 21.0 2.4
20 to 24 years ................... 112 100.0 3.6 3.6 18.8 30.4 35.7 8.0 12.8 74.1 43.8
25 years and over ............... 668 100.0 6.1 12.9 8.5 13.9 28.4 13.3 16.8 12.3 58.5 30.1
25 to 34 years.................. 201 100.0 2.5 7.0 1.5 15.4 38.3 17.9 17.9 12.6 74.1 35.8
25 to 29 years................ 97 100.0 3.1 7.2 10.3 41.2 24.7 13.4 12.7 79.4 38.1
30 to 34 years................ 105 100.0 1.9 5.7 2.9 20.0 35.2 11.4 21.9 12.6 68.6 33.3
35 to 44 years.................. 156 100.0 1.9 9.0 10.3 19.2 25.0 12.8 23.1 12.4 60.9 35.9
45 to 64 years.................. 231 100.0 10.0 19.0 10.0 11.3 24.2 10.8 14.3 11.9 49.4 25.1
65 years and over .............. 79 100.0 15.2 19.0 17.7 7.6 22.8 7.6 10.1 8.9 40.5 17.7

FEMALE

Spanish Origin

Total, 14 years and over... 3,922 100.0 13.3 15.6 11.1 23.0 24.8 8.6 3.6 10.2 37.0 12.2
14 to 19 years .................. 725 100.0 0.5 14.0 20.2 48.1 13.4 3.9 9.8 17.2 3.9
20 to 24 years................... 578 100.0 4.5 9.0 5.5 20.1 38.5 18.4 4.0 12.3 60.8 22.4
25 years and over ............... 2,618 100.0 18.7 17.6 9.9 16.6 25.0 7.8 4.5 9.7 37.2 12.2
25 to 34 years................. 902 100.0 6.8 14.7 7.1 21.1 32.0 12.6 5.5 12.0 50.3 18.2
25 to 29 years............... 487 100.0 5.8 12.6 7.6 19.5 33.1 15.2 6.3 12.1 54.6 21.5
30 to 34 years............... 414 100.0 8.0 17.4 6.5 23.0 30.7 9.8 4.6 11.3 45.1 14.4
35 to 44 years.................. 685 100.0 13.6 18.2 10.8 18.2 27.1 7.5 4.7 10.1 39.2 12.1
45 to 64 years.................. 778 100.0 25.9 21.0 11.6 13.3 20.1 4.4 3.7 8.3 28.2 8.1
65 years and over............... 253 100.0 52.9 15.3 11.9 6.8 9.1 1.6 2.4 4.5 13.1 4.0

Mexican Origin

Total, 14 years and over... 2,209 100.0 16.5 17.9 10.4 24.1 22.1 6.7 2.3 9.6 31.1 9.0
14 to 19 years.................... 469 100.0 0.9 16.5 21.0 46.7 11.9 3.1 9.6 15.0 3.1
20 to 24 years.................... 350 100.0 6.1 11.9 6.6 21.3 37.4 15.0 1.7 12.1 54.1 16.7
25 years and over ................ 1,391 100.0 24.4 19.8 7.7 17.3 21.8 5.9 3.2 8.8 30.8 9.1
25 to 34 years.................. 492 100.0 8.7 17.3 6.3 21.5 30.3 10.2 5.7 11.4 46.2 15.8
25 to 29 years................ 266 100.0 6.4 15.6 5.3 20.6 32.8 12.6 6.7 12.1 52.1 19.4
30 to 34 years................ 226 100.0 11.4 19.1 7.4 22.7 27.6 7.4 4.3 10.7 39.3 11.7
35 to 44 years.................. 376 100.0 15.2 22.7 9.3 19.5 24.2 6.2 2.8 9.4 33.2 9.0
45 to 64 years.................. 396 100.0 38.3 21.4 8.3 13.7 14.9 2.0 1.4 6.8 18.3 3.4
65 years and over............... 126 100.0 68.4 16.7 6.9 5.0 2.3 0.7 2.1 3.0 0.7
See footnote at end of table.

Table 8. YEARS OF SCHOOL COMPLETED BY PERSONS OF SPANISH ORIGIN 14 YEARS OLD AND OVER

BY AGE, SEX, AND TYPE OF SPANISH ORIGIN-Continued

(For the United States, March 1977. For meaning of symbols, see text)

Years of school completed Percent
high school
Sex, type of Spanish origin, Elementary school High school College Median Percent graduates,
and age Total school high 1 or more
(thou- 0 to 4 5 to 7 8 1 to 3 4 1 to 3 4 years years school years of
sands) Percent years years years years years years or more completed graduates college

FEMALE--Con.

Puerto Rican Origin

Total, 14 years and over... 592 100.0 13.2 15.6 13.3 27.0 22.7 6.3 1.9 9.9 30.9 8.2
14 to 19 years.................... 96 100.0 10.0 24.4 47.0 16.1 2.6 9.9 18.6 2.6
20 to 24 years.................... 84 100.0 3.1 8.8 6.3 27.7 33.4 15.6 5.1 12.1 54.1 20.7
25 years and over ................ 413 100.0 18.3 18.3 12.1 22.2 22.1 5.3 1.7 9.2 29.1 7.0
25 to 34 years.................. 176 100.0 4.5 15.9 10.2 29.0 27.3 9.1 3.4 10.6 40.1 12.7
25 to 29 years................ 100 100.0 5.2 9.5 13.5 28.8 25.7 13.7 3.6 10.8 43.1 17.3
30 to 34 years................ 76 100.0 4.2 24.4 5.3 30.0 29.5 3.4 3.3 10.5 36.1 6.6
35 to 44 years.................. 105 100.0 23.8 13.3 12.7 23.6 21.5 4.0 1.1 9.0 26.6 5.1
45 to 64 years ................. 103 100.0 22.4 27.8 17.7 14.0 16.8 1.2 8.0 18.0 1.2
65 years and over............... 29 (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)

Other Spanish Origin'

Total, 14 years and over... 1,121 100.0 7.0 11.2 11.5 18.6 31.2 13.6 7.0 12.1 51.7 20.5
14 to 19 years ................... 161 100.0 9.3 15.5 52.8 15.5 7.5 10.4 23.0 7.5
20 to 24 years................... 145 100.0 2.1 2.1 2.8 12.4 44.1 28.3 9.0 12.7 81.4 37.2
25 years and over................. 815 100.0 9.3 13.1 12.4 12.8 32.0 12.3 8.0 12.1 52.3 20.2
25 to 34 years.................. 234 100.0 4.3 8.5 6.4 14.1 39.3 20.5 6.8 12.4 66.7 27.4
25 to 29 years................ 121 100.0 5.0 8.3 7.4 9.9 40.5 22.3 7.4 12.5 70.2 29.8
30 to 34 years................ 113 100.0 3.5 8.8 5.3 18.6 37.2 19.5 6.2 12.4 62.8 25.7
35 to 44 years.................. 204 100.0 5.4 12.3 12.7 13.2 35.3 11.3 9.8 12.2 56.4 21.1
45 to 64 years.................. 280 100.0 9.6 17.9 13.9 12.1 28.6 9.3 8.2 11.1 46.1 17.5
65 years and over............... 98 100.0 29.6 12.2 21.4 10.2 17.3 4.1 5.1 8.4 26.5 9.2

'Includes Cuban, Central or South American, and other Spanish origin.

28

Table 9. TOTAL EMPLOYED MALES AND EMPLOYED MALES OF SPANISH ORIGIN 25 TO 64 YEARS OLD BY
INCOME IN 1976, BROAD OCCUPATION GROUP, AND NUMBER OF SCHOOL YEARS COMPLETED

(For the United States, March 1977. For meaning of symbols, see text)

Percent distribution by years of school completed

Occupation and income Elementary school High school College Median
Occupation and income T sho
Total school
population 0 to 4 5 to 7 8 1 to 3 4 1 to 3 4 years years
(thousands) Total years years years years years years or more completed

TOTAL POPULATION

Total employed................... 40,275 100.0 2.0 4.3 6.1 13.2 35.4 16.1 22.9 12.7
Under ?3,000........................... 1,677 100.0 7.5 9.0 11.4 16.6 27.9 14.2 13.3 12.2
'3,000 to '5,999....................... 2,745 100.0 7.4 11.4 9.9 17.9 28.4 12.1 12.9 12.1
'6,000 to ;9,999 ....................... 6,793 100.0 4.0 7.8 9.8 19.4 34.2 13.4 11.4 12.3
'10,000 to 14,999..................... 11,545 100.0 1.1 4.2 6.3 14.8 41.4 16.2 16.0 12.6
'15,000 and over ....................... 17,516 100.0 0.4 1.5 3.3 8.6 33.8 18.0 34.4 13.4
1
White-collar workers............... 18,426 100.0 0.3 0.8 2.0 5.3 25.5 20.6 45.5 14.9
Under '6,000 ........................... 1,214 100.0 1.1 2.6 4.1 11.2 22.0 20.9 38.0 14.3
.6,000 and over ........................ 17,212 100.0 0.2 0.7 1.9 4.9 25.8 20.6 46.0 15.4

Blue-collar workers ................ 17,588 100.0 2.9 7.0 9.3 20.8 45.2 11.7 3.1 12.2
Under '6,000.......................... 1,991 100.0 9.4 13.3 11.5 22.4 30.0 10.2 3.2 11.1
'6,000 and over....................... 15,597 100.0 2.1 6.2 9.0 20.6 47.2 11.9 3.1 12.3

Service workers.................... 2,885 100.0 3.8 7.4 7.9 17.1 38.8 17.9 7.1 12.4
Under .6,000.......................... 581 100.0 8.4 13.9 11.4 18.2 31.5 11.0 5.3 11.7
36,000 and over ........................ 2,304 100.0 2.6 5.7 7.0 16.8 40.6 19.6 7.6 12.4

Farm workers....................... 1,377 100.0 8.8 9.9 15.2 13.3 35.8 9.7 7.4 12.1
Under .36,000 ........................... 636 100.0 12.3 13.7 18.7 13.1 31.4 7.4 3.5 10.2
'6,000 and over......................... 742 100.0 5.8 6.6 12.1 13.5 39.5 11.7 10.8 12.3

SPANISH ORIGIN

Total employed.................. 1,694 100.0 12.7 14.6 8.6 16.8 25.9 12.0 9.5 11.4
Under 33,000 ........................... 101 100.0 28.6 22.4 6.0 12.0 15.0 8.6 7.3 7.9
,3,000 to -5,999....................... 241 100.0 24.9 18.3 10.2 13.9 20.1 8.1 4.6 8.7
'6,000 to '9,999 ....................... 488 100.0 16.4 20.0 10.7 20.9 20.6 8.4 3.0 9.3
-10,000 to '14,999..................... 463 100.0 7.2 12.1 8.9 18.3 29.1 15.3 9.1 12.1
.15,000 and over ....................... 400 100.0 3.1 6.6 5.4 12.8 35.0 15.7 21.3 12.6

White-collar workers............... 424 100.0 1.6 3.3 3.5 8.6 28.1 24.2 30.6 13.5
Under '6,000........................... 51 (B) (B ) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)
'6,000 and over ........................ 372 100.0 1.1 3.2 3.8 8.3 28.0 24.7 31.5 13.7

Blue-collar workers................ 975 100.0 14.6 18.3 10.7 19.9 26.7 8.0 1.8 10.0
Under '6,000........................... 198 100.0 27.8 23.2 9.1 13.6 18.7 5.6 1.5 7.9
6,000 and over......................... 778 100.0 11.2 17.1 11.1 21.3 28.5 8.6 1.9 10.5

Service workers.................... 228 100.0 13.0 16.6 9.8 20.6 24.6 9.6 5.8 10.3
Under '6,000........................... 65 (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)
'6,000 and over........................ 163 100.0 8.6 16.0 8.6 21.5 30.1 9.8 6.1 11.4

Farm workers ....................... 67 (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)
Under 6,000 ........................... 29 (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)
'6,000 and over......................... 39 (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)

Table 10. EMPLOYMENT STATUS AND MAJOR OCCUPATION GROUP OF THE TOTAL AND SPANISH ORIGIN POPULATION 16 YEARS OLD
AND OVER BY SEX AND TYPE OF SPANISH ORIGIN

(For the United States, March 1977. For meaning of symbols, see text)

Both sexes Male Female

Employment status and Spanish origin Spanish origin Spanish origin
occupation Total Total Total
popula- Puerto popula- Puerto popula- Puerto
tion Total Mexican Rican Cuban Other1 tion Total Mexican Rican Cuban Other' tion Total Mexican Rican Cuban Other1

Persons 16 years old
and over...............thousands.. 156,600 6,953 3,958 1,004 524 1,467 74,541 3,271 1,906 445 235 685 82,059 3,682 2,052 559 289 782

In civilian labor
force ..................thousands.. 95,766 4,158 2,420 486 339 913 56,392 2,554 1,538 320 189 508 39,374 1,604 882 167 150 405
Percent unemployed.......... 7.9 11.4 10.9 14.4 10.9 11.4 7.5 10.5 9.5 15.6 10.6 10.0 8.5 12.9 13.3 12.0 11.3 12.8

Employed.......... thousands.. 88,221 3,684 2,157 416 302 809 52,187 2,287 1,392 269 169 456 36,034 1,397 766 146 133 352
Percent.................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Professional, technical, and
kindred workers................... 15.5 7.9 5.2 9.5 11.3 12.9 14.9 7.7 4.7 9.2 13.4 13.6 16.3 8.2 6.0 10.0 8.6 11.9
Managers and administrators,
except farm....................... 10.8 5.4 4.4 5.0 5.8 8.0 14.3 6.9 5.1 6.7 8.7 12.1 5.8 2.8 3.1 1.8 2.2 2.8
Sales workers...................... 6.3 3.3 2.8 4.2 4.0 4.0 6.1 2.8 2.2 4.6 4.1 2.9 6.5 4.3 4.0 3.5 3.9 5.4
Clerical and kindred workers........ 17.9 14.8 12.9 17.4 19.9 16.4 6.4 6.0 4.7 7.6 10.4 7.5 34.7 29.1 27.8 35.4 31.9 28.4
Craft and kindred workers........... 12.8 13.4 15.3 10.9 8.9 11.2 20.5 20.4 22.4 15.9 14.1 19.1 1.7 1.9 2.2 1.7 2.4 1.1
Operatives, including transport.... 15.4 26.1 26.1 28.5 28.1 24.2 18.0 26.2 27.9 27.1 22.4 21.5 11.7 26.1 22.7 31.1 35.2 27.8
Laborers, excluding farm............ 4.5 7.0 8.7 5.7 4.4 4.3 6.8 10.7 12.9 8.3 7.4 6.8 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.7 1.1
Farmers and farm managers........... 1.6 0.1 0.2 0.1 2.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 -
Farm laborers and supervisors...... 1.2 3.3 5.3 0.8 0.1 1.6 4.4 6.8 1.2 0.2 0.7 1.5 2.6 0.2
Service workers.................... 14.1 18.8 19.1 18.0 17.6 18.5 9.0 14.8 12.9 19.4 19.6 16.4 21.4 25.2 30.5 15.4 15.1 21.6

1Includes Central or South American origin and other Spanish origin.

Table 11. MEDIAN EARNINGS IN 1976 OF CIVILIANS 14 YEARS OLD AND OVER WITH EARNINGS BY
SPANISH ORIGIN, OCCUPATION OF LONGEST JOB IN 1976, CLASS OF WORKER OF LONGEST
JOB IN 1976, AND SEX

(For the United States, March 1977. For meaning of symbols, see text)

Male Female

Occupation and class of worker Not Not
Spanish of Spanish Spanish of Spanish
origin origin origin origin

Total with earnings........................ $7,563 *10,450 23,811 34,321

OCCUPATION

Professional, technical, and kindred workers..... 12,122 15,328 7,312 8,382
Self employed.................................. (B) 20,500 (B) 1,941
Salaried...................................... 12,245 15,152 7,312 8,621
Managers and administrators, except farm......... 11,545 15,650 (B) 7,551
Self employed.................................. (B) 10,222 (B) 2,359
Salaried...................................... 12,699 16,525 (B) 8,225
Sales workers................................... 6,677 10,557 1,996 2,294
Clerical and kindred workers..................... 8,419 10,441 5,570 5,687
Craft and kindred workers........................ 9,870 11,940 (B) 5,276
Operatives, including transport.................. 7,750 9,236 4,294 4,732
Manufacturing ......... ....................... 7,780 9,452 4,519 5,071
Other.......................................... 7,842 9,027 (B) 2,880
Laborers, excluding farm......................... 5,503 3,760 (B) 2,829
Farmers and farm managers......................... (B) 4,856 (B) 682
Farm laborers and supervisors.................... 3,936 1,376 963 725
Service workers, except private household........ 5,747 4,951 2,336 2,326
Private household workers........................ (B) 576 952 691

CLASS OF WORKER

Private wage or salary workers................... 7,442 10,321 3,725 4,102
In agriculture................................ 4,153 2,024 996 827
Not in agriculture............................. 7,793 10,598 4,017 4,177
Government wage or salary workers................ 9,171 12,253 4,659 6,555
Public administration.......................... 11,799 13,699 (B) 7,676
Other government workers....................... 8,140 10,824 4,331 6,164
Self employed workers............................ 6,113 8,311 (B) 1,425
In nonagricultural industries.................. 6,871 9,807 (B) 1,536
Unpaid family workers............................ (B) 780 (B) 917

31

Table 12. INCOME IN 1976 OF ALL PERSONS AND SPANISH ORIGIN PERSONS 14 YEARS OLD AND
OVER BY TYPE OF SPANISH ORIGIN AND SEX

(For the United States, March 1977 For meaning of symbols, see text)
SPANISH ORIGIN

SEX AND INCOME CENTRAL NOT OF
SEX AND INCOPUERTO OR SOUTH OTHER SPANISH
TOTAL TOTAL MEXICAN RICAN CUBAN AMERICAN SPANISH ORIGIN'

ROTH SEXES

TOTAL PERSONS . . ..THOUSANDS. 164 935 7 448 4 263 1 079 554 613 939 157 487

TOTAL WITH INCOME .THOUSANDS. 135 946 5 667 3 212 795 463 455 743 130 279
PERCENT ....... ... . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

$1 TO $999 OR LOSS . . . . . 11.3 11.9 13.2 9.7 8.0 8.3 13.7 11.3
$1,000 TO $1,499. ............. 4.7 5.8 6.6 3.3 6.9 3.5 6.2 4.7
$1,500 TO $1,999. ............. 4.6 5.0 4.8 4.7 8.2 3.9 4.9 4.5
$2,000 TO $2,499 . . . . . . 5.3 6.0 6.3 5.3 7.7 4.5 4.9 5.2
$2,500 TO $2,999 . . . . . . 4.0 4.3 4.0 6.7 4.1 2.9 4.1 4.0
$3,000 TO $3,499 . . . . . .. 4.4 4.8 5.1 5.2 4.6 2.8 4.1 4.3
$3,500 TO $3,999 . . . . . . 3.4 5.8 3.4 6.1 3.1 4.1 3.6 3.4
$4,000 TO $4,999. . . . . . .. 6.4 8.2 7.7 9.9 7.5 9.0 8.2 6.3
$5,000 TO $5,999. . . . . . . 6.0 7.9 7.5 7.9 8.6 9.9 7.5 5.9
$6,000 TO $6,999. . . . . . . 5.4 6.8 6.8 7.2 4.8 8.9 5.9 5.4
$7,000 TO $7,999. . . . . . 4.9 5.9 5.6 5.6 8.5 7.0 5.3 4.9
$8,000 TO $8,999. . . . . . . 4.6 5.4 5.4 6.8 5.7 5.8 3.8 4.5
$9,000 TO $9,999. . . . . . .. 3.9 3.8 3.7 4.0 4.4 3.0 4.2 3.9
$10,000 TO $11,999 . . . . . .. 7.0 6.2 6.3 6.5 4.5 7.7 5.8 7.1
$12,000 TO $14,999 . . . . . .. 8.1 6.0 5.9 5.5 4.0 9.0 6.3 8.2
$15,000 TO $19,999 . . . . . .. 8.5 5.6 5.6 3.6 6.2 6.9 6.4 8.7
$20,000 TO $24,999 . . . . . .. 3.6 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.9 1.5 2.4 3.7
$25,000 TO $49,999 . . . . ... .3.2 1.0 0.7 0.6 1.0 1.1 2.6 3.3
$50,000 AND OVER . . . . . .. 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.6
MEDIAN INCOME . . . . .DOLLARS. 6 002 5 024 4 873 4 890 4 975 6 127 5 021 6 064
MEAN INCOME ...... . . ..DOLLARS. 8 242 6 321 6 134 6 011 6 273 7 318 6 880 8 326

MALE

TOTAL PERSONS . . .THOUSANDS. 78 78P 3 526 2 054 487 254 293 437 75 256

TOTAL WITH INCOME . .THOUSANDS. 72 775 3 099 1 836 405 227 251 381 69 676
PERCENT . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

$1 TO $999 OR LOSS . . . . . 7.3 8.5 9.1 9.8 3.4 3.5 10.4 7.3
$1,000 TO $1,499. . . . . . . 2.4 3.6 3.5 3.0 5.1 1.9 4.8 2.4
$1,500 TO $1,999. . . . . . . 2.6 3.1 3.1 2.2 5.0 2.0 3.7 2.6
$2,000 TO $2,499 . . . . . . 3.3 4.2 4.2 5.1 4.9 3.2 3.8 3.2
$2,500 TO $2,999 . . . ..... 2.5 3.3 2.9 4.4 3.9 2.5 4.2 2.5
$3,000 TO $3,499 . . . . . . 2.9 3.6 4.1 4.0 2.9 2.2 2.4 2.9
$3,500 TO $3,999 . . . . . . 2.6 2.6 2.4 3.0 2.1 4.8 2.4 2.6
$4,000 TO $4,999 . . . . . . 5.2 6.5 6.6 5.3 6.4 7.2 6.7 5.1
$5,000 TO $5,999 . . . . . . 5.1 7.3 7.5 6.5 8.3 8.5 6.0 5.0
$6,000 TO $6,999. . . . . . . 4.9 6.9 7.4 6.0 3.9 8.7 6.2 4.8
$7,000 TO $7,999 .. . . ..... 4.8 6.4 6.4 6.5 8.0 6.8 5.4 4.7
$8,000 TO $8,999. . .............. 4.6 6.7 6.9 9.0 7.2 4.9 4.2 4.5
$9,000 TO $9,999. . . . . . . 4.3 4.8 5.1 5.8 5.9 3.3 2.9 4.3
$10,000 TO $11,999. . . . . . 8.8 9.1 9.1 9.4 8.4 11.6 7.6 8.8
$12,000 TO $14,999 . . . .... 11.7 9.2 8.9 9.8 7.5 11.9 8.9 11.8
$15,000 TO $19,999 . . . . . 13.9 9.5 9.3 7.0 10.8 11.9 11.0 14.1
$20,000 TO $24,999. . . . . . 6.3 2.6 2.2 2.4 3.9 2.7 4.2 6.5
$25,000 TO $49,999 . . . . . 5.7 1.7 1.2 0.8 2.1 2.0 4.9 5.9
$50,000 AND OVER. . . . . . . 1.1 0.2 0.2 -0.3 0.5 0.2 1.1

MEDIAN INCOME . . . . .DOLLARS. 9 426 7 050 6 891 7 124 7 515 7 825 6 908 9 580
MEAN INCOME .. . . . .DOLLARS. 11 165 8 170 7 917 7 578 8 596 9 274 9 037 11 298

FEMALE.

TOTAL PERSONS . . .THOUSANDS. 86 153 3 922 2 209 592 300 319 502 82 231

TOTAL WITH INCOME . .THOUSANDS. 63 170 2 568 1 376 390 236 203 363 60 603
PERCENT ........... . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

$1 TO $999 OR LOSS . . . . .. 15.9 16.1 18.6 9.5 12.5 14.2 17.2 15.9
$1,000 TO $1,499 . . . . . .. 7.4 8.5 10.6 3.7 8.6 5.3 7.7 7.3
$1,500 TO $1,999 . . . . . .. 6.8 7.3 7.1 7.4 11.4 6.3 6.2 6.8
$2,000 TO $2,499 . . . . . .. 7.6 8.1 9.1 5.6 10.4 6.1 6.2 7.;
$2,500 TO $2,999 . . . . . .. 5.7 5.6 5.5 9.2 4.3 3.5 4.1 5.7
$3,000 TO $3,499 . . . . . ... 6.0 6.1 6.4 6.5 6.1 3.6 6.0 6.0
$3,500 TO $3,999 . . . . . ... 4.4 5.2 4.7 9.4 4.0 3.2 4.8 4.3
$4,000 TO $4,999 . . . . . .. 7.7 10.2 9.2 14.7 8.6 11.2 9.8 7.6
$5,000 TO $5,999. . ...... . . . 7.0 8.5 7.5 9.5 9.0 11.7 9.0 7.0
$6,000 TO $6,999 . . . . . .. 6.1 6.6 6.1 8.3 5.6 9.2 5.6 6.1
$7,000 TO $7,999 . . . . . .. 5.1 5.3 4.5 4.7 8.9 7.2 5.1 5.1
$8,000 TO $8,999 . . . . . .. 4.6 4.0 3.5 4.6 4.3 6.8 3.3 4.6
$9,000 TO $9,999 . . . . . .. 3.4 2.6 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.6 5.5 3.4
$10,000 TO $11,999 . . . . .. 5.0 2.7 2.5 3.5 0.7 2.9 3.9 5.1
$12,000 TO $14,999. . . . . .. 4.0 2.1 1.8 1.1 0.7 5.4 3.5 4.1
$15,000 TO $19,999 . . . . .. 2.4 0.8 0.7 1.8 0.7 1.5 2.4
$20,000 TO $24,999 . . . . . 0.5 0.2 0.3 -- 0.5 0.6
$25,000 TO $49,999. . . . . .. 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.4
$50,000 AND OVER . . . . . .. 0.1 0.1
MEDIAN INCOME . . ... .DOLLARS 3 576 3 359 2 925 3 930 3 224 4 686 3 783 3 588
MEAN INCOME . . . . DOLLARS. 4 875 4 089 3 754 4 387 4 040 4 898 4 618 4 908

'INCLUDES PERSONS WHO DID NOT KNOW OR DID NOT REPORT ON ORIGIN.

Table 13. INCOME IN 1976 OF PERSONS OF SPANISH AND MEXICAN ORIGIN 14 YEARS OLD AND OVER BY AGE AND SEX

(For the United States, March 1977. For meaning of symbols, see text)

Number of
Number persons Median Mean
Type of Spanish origin, of with income of income of
sex, and age persons income $1 to $1,000 $2,000 $3,000 .4,000 $5,000 $7,000 $8,000 $10,000 $15,000 $25,000 persons persons
(thou- (thou- $999 to to to to to to to to to and with with
sands) sands) Percent or loss $1,999 $2,999 $3,999 $4,999 $6,999 $7,999 $9,999 $14,999 $24,999 over income income

SPANISH ORIGIN

Male, 14 years and over...... 3,526 3,099 100.0 8.5 6.7 7.5 6.2 6.5 14.2 6.4 11.5 18.3 12.1 1.9 ,7,050 $8,170
14 to 24 years...................... 1,228 832 100.0 25.4 13.1 9.8 7.3 7.4 14.2 5.2 8.4 7.2 1.8 0.1 3,187 4,238
25 to 44 years...................... 1,385 1,371 100.0 1.9 2.0 3.7 4.1 5.8 14.8 7.0 14.1 26.7 17.7 2.3 9,429 10,291
45 to 64 years...................... 702 693 100.0 3.5 5.0 7.3 6.0 5.5 13.3 7.8 12.4 19.5 16.0 3.9 8,274 9,736
65 years and over .................. 211 203 100.0 0.4 18.7 24.2 17.6 10.4 13.6 3.2 4.1 3.2 4.2 0.4 3,388 4,618

Female, 14 years and over.... 3,922 2,568 100.0 16.1 15.8 13.7 11.3 10.2 15.1 5.3 6.6 4.8 1.0 0.1 $3,359 $4,089
14 to 24 years...................... 1,304 738 100.0 31.6 17.3 12.9 11.1 6.1 11.3 3.4 4.6 1.6 0.3 2,073 2,872
25 to 44 years...................... 1,587 1,092 100.0 10.6 9.2 10.1 10.3 15.0 18.8 6.8 9.7 8.1 1.5 0.2 4,658 5,140
45 to 64 years...................... 778 516 100.0 9.2 21.0 13.7 12.9 8.0 16.8 7.0 5.1 4.5 1.7 0.2 3,409 4,273
65 years and over .................. 253 222 100.0 7.7 32.3 33.3 14.0 5.6 5.3 1.6 0.3 2,205 2,540

MEXICAN ORIGIN

Male, 14 years and over...... 2,054 1,836 100.0 9.1 6.6 7.1 6.5 6.6 14.9 6.4 12.0 18.0 11.5 1.4 $6,891 $7,917
14 to 24 years...................... 743 544 100.0 25.2 12.3 8.6 7.1 7.2 14.7 6.1 8.9 7.9 2.0 0.2 3,423 4,434
25 to 44 years...................... 828 821 100.0 2.2 2.6 3.7 4.2 5.5 14.7 7.0 14.9 26.0 17.3 1.9 9,168 10,101
45 to 64 years...................... 371 365 100.0 3.1 3.9 7.3 6.7 7.3 15.7 6.3 12.3 19.7 15.5 2.3 7,969 9,305
65 years and over .................. 112 107 100.0 0.5 19.1 24.9 19.9 9.6 14.5 3.3 3.2 3.4 1.6 3,284 4,112

Female, 14 years and over.... 2,209 1,376 100.0 18.6 17.7 14.6 11.1 9.2 13.6 4.5 5.5 4.3 1.0 0.1 $2,925 $3,754
14 to 24 years...................... 818 462 100.0 32.1 18.7 14.5 11.2 6.1 10.2 2.6 2.8 1.5 0.3 1,948 2,649
25 to 44 years...................... 868 574 100.0 12.2 11.2 11.0 9.2 13.0 18.5 6.8 8.8 7.5 1.7 0.2 4,490 4,930
45 to 64 years...................... 396 231 100.0 13.6 27.1 14.0 10.8 7.1 13.0 5.0 4.5 3.7 1.3 2,512 3,593
65 years and over.................. 126 108 100.0 5.1 27.3 35.2 21.4 6.3 3.8 0.8 2,320 2,574

33

Table 14. INCOME IN 1976 OF PERSONS OF SPANISH AND MEXICAN ORIGIN 14 YEARS OLD AND

OVER BY RESIDENCE AND SEX

(For the United States, March 1977. For meaning of symbols, see text)

IN METROPOLITAN AREAS

TYPE OF SPANISH ORIGIN, SEX, AND INCOME IN OUTSIDE OUTSIDE
CENTRAL CENTRAL METROPOLITAN
TOTAL TOTAL CITIES CITIES AREAS

SPANISH ORIGIN

BOTH SEXES

TOTAL PERSONS . . . ... .THOUSANDS. 7 448 6 327 3 708 2 619 1 120

TOTAL WITH INCOME . . . .THOUSANDS. 5 667 4 813 2 811 2 002 854
PERCENT . . . . . . .... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

$1 TO $999 OR LOSS. . . . . .. ... .. 11.9 11.0 10.1 12.2 17.4
$1,000 TO $1,499. . . . . . . ... . 5.8 5.7 5.4 6.2 6.4
$1,500 TO $1,999. . . . . ... .. . 5.0 4.7 5.3 3.8 7.1
$2,000 TO $2,499. . . . . . ... . . 6.0 5.7 6.3 5.0 7.3
$2,500 TO $2,999. . . . . . .... 4.3 4.6 5.1 3.8 2.9
$3,000 TO $3,499. . . . . . ... . 4.8 4.8 5.0 4.5 4.6
$3,500 TO $3,999 . . . . . ... . 3.8 4.0 4.2 3.6 2.9
$4,000 TO $4,999 . . . . ... . . . 8.2 8.2 8.8 7.4 7.7
$5,000 TO $5,999. . . . . . .. . . 7.9 7.5 8.0 6.9 9.7
$6,000 TO $6,999. . . . . . . .. 6.8 6.8 7.2 6.2 6.6
$7,000 TO $7,999. . . . . . . .. 5.9 6.0 6.1 6.0 5.1
$8,000 TO $8,999. . . . . . . ... 5.4 5.7 5.6 5.9 3.9
$9,000 TO $9,999. . ... ... . . .. . 3.8 3.7 3.9 3.3 4.8
$10,000 TO $11,999. . . . . . .. . 6.2 6.5 5.7 7.7 4.6
$12,000 TO $14,999 . . . . . . ... 6.0 6.4 6.0 7.0 3.5
$15,000 TO $19,999. . . . . . . . 5.6 5.9 4.9 7.4 3.5
$20,000 TO $24,999 .. . ............ . 1.6 1.7 1.5 1.9 0.9
$25,000 TO $49,999. . . . . . . . 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.3 0.7
$50,000 AND OVER. . . . . . . ... . 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2

MEDIAN INCOME ... .. . . . .DOLLARS. 5 024 5 182 4 979 5 516 4 162
MEAN INCOME . . . . . ... .DOLLARS.. 6 321 6 499 6 259 6 836 5 319

MALE

TOTAL PERSONS. . . .. .THOUSANDS. 3 526 2 977 1 727 1 250 549

TOTAL WITH INCOME . . . .THOUSANDS. 3 099 2 597 1 485 1 111 503
PERCENT . . . . . .. .. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

$1 TO $999 OR LOSS. . . . . . .... .. 8.5 8.0 8.0 8.1 10.9
$1,000 TO $1,499. . . . . .. . .. . 3.6 3.7 3.4 4.1 3.2
$1,500 TO $1,999. . . . . . ... 3.1 2.7 3.1 2.2 5.3
$2,000 TO $2,499 . . . . ... . .. 4.2 4.0 4.5 3.4 5.2
$2,500 TO $2,999. .. . . . . . . . 3.3 3.4 4.0 2.6 2.5
$3,000 TO $3,499. . . . . . .. . 3.6 3.3 3.5 3.0 5.2
$3,500 TO $3,999. . . . . . .... .. 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.4 2.6
$4,000 TO $4,999. . . . . . .. ... . 6.5 6.4 6.8 5.9 6.7
$5,000 TO $5,999. .. . . . . . . 7.3 6.7 7.4 5.8 10.6
$6,000 TO $6,999 . . . . . ... . . 6.9 6.6 7.1 6.1 8.2
$7,000 TO $7,999. . . . . . . ... .. 6.4 6.5 7.1 5.8 5.9
$8,000 TO $8,999. . . . . . ..... .. 6.7 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.2
$9,000 TO $9,999. . . . . . . .. 4.8 4.5 4.9 4.0 6.4
$10,000 TO $11,999. . . . . . .. . 9.1 9.6 8.5 11.1 6.7
$12,000 TO $14,999. . . . . . . . 9.2 9.9 9.2 10.7 5.7
$15,000 TO $19,999. . . . . . ... . 9.5 10.3 8.7 12.5 5.5
$20,000 TO $24,999. . . . . . ... . 2.6 2.9 2.6 3.2 1.6
$25,000 TO $49,999. . . . . ... . . 1.7 1.8 1.5 2.2 1.2
$50,000 AND OVER. . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3

MEDIAN INCOME . . . . . . .DOLLARS. 7 050 7 368 6 930 8 075 5 790
MEAN INCOME . . . . . ... .DOLLARS. 8 170 8 413 8 028 8 928 6 917

FEMALE

TOTAL PERSONS . . . .. .THOUSANDS. 3 922 3 350 1 981 1 369 572

TOTAL WITH INCOME . . . .THOUSANDS. 2 568 2 217 1 326 891 351
PERCENT . . . . . ... . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

$1 TO $999 OR LOSS. . . . . ... .... . 16.1 14.4 12.4 17.3 26.8
$1,000 TO $1,499. . . . . . . 8.5 8.1 7.7 8.7 11.0
$1,500 TO $1,999. . . . . . ... .. 7.3 7.0 7.8 5.7 9.7
$2,000 TO $2,499. . . . . . ... .. 8.1 7.7 8.2 7.1 10.3
$2,500 TO $2,999. . . . . . . 5.6 5.9 6.3 5.2 3.6
$3,000 TO $3,499. . . . . . . ... 6.1 6.5 6.6 6.4 3.8
$3,500 TO $3,999. . . . . . . ... 5.2 5.5 5.9 5.0 3.3
$4,000 TO $4,999. . . . . . . . .. .10.2 10.4 11.1 9.3 9.2
$5,000 TO $5,999. . . . . . ..... . 8.5 8.5 87 8.2 8.4
$6,000 TO $6,999. . . . . . . ... 6.6 6.9 7.3 6.4 4.3
$7,000 TO $7,999. . . . . . . ... . 5.3 5.5 4.9 6.3 3.9
$8,000 TO $8,999. .. . . . . .. 4.0 4.5 4.2 4.9 0.7
$9,000 TO $9,999. ... . . ... . 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.5
$10,000 TO $11,999.. . . . . . 2.7 2.9 2.5 3.3 1.7
$12,000 TO $14,999. . . . . . . .. .1 2.4 2.4 2.3 0.3
$15,000 TO $19,999. . . . . . .. . 0.8 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.5
$20,000 TO $24,999. . . . . . . . 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 -
$25,000 TO $49,999. . . . . ... .... . 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
$50,000 AND OVER . . . . .......- -

MEDIAN INCOME . . . . . . .DOLLARS. 3 359 3 537 3 583 3 465 2 122
MEAN INCOME . . . . . ... DOLLARS. 4 089 4 257 4 277 4 227 3 031

34

Table 14. INCOME IN 1976 OF PERSONS OF SPANISH AND MEXICAN ORIGIN 14 YEARS OLD AND

OVER BY RESIDENCE AND SEX-Continued

(For the United States, March 1977. For meaning of symbols, see text)

TYPE OF SPANISH ORIGIN,

SEX, AND INCOME

MEXICAN ORIGIN

BOTH SEXES

TOTAL PERSONS . . . .

TOTAL WITH INCOME . ..
PERCENT . . . . .

$1 TO $999 OR LOSS . . .
$1,000 TO $1,499. . . . .
$1,500 TO $1,999. . . . .
$2,000 TO $2,499. . . . .
$2,500 TO $2,999. . . . .
$3,000 TO $3,499. . . . .
$3,500 TO $3,999. . . . .
$4,000 TO $4,999. . . . .
t5,000 TO $5,999. . . . .
$6,000 TO $6,999. . . .. ..
$7,000 TO $7,999. . . . .
$8,000 TO $8,999. . . . .
$9,000 TO $9,999. . . . .
$10,000 TO $11,999. . . . .
$12,000 TO $14,999. . . . .
t15,000 TO $19,999.. . . .
$20,000 TO $24,999. . . . .
$25,000 TO $49,999. . . . .
$50,000 AND OVER. . . . .

MEDIAN INCOME . . . . .
MEAN INCOME . . . . .

MALE

TOTAL PERSONS . . . .

TOTAL WITH INCOME . ..
PERCENT . . . . .

$1 TO $999 OR LOSS. . . . .
$1,000 TO $1,499. . . . .
$1,500 TO $1,999. . . . .
$2,000 TO $2,499. . . . .
$2,500 TO $2,999 .... . .
$3,000 TO $3,499. . . . .
53,500 TO $3,999. . . . .
$4,000 TO $4,999. . . . .
$5,000 TO $5,999. . . . .
$6,000 TO $6,999. . . . .
$7,000 TO $7,999. . . . .
86,000 TO $6,999 .... . .
$9,000 TO $9,999. . . . .
110,000 TO $11,999. . . . .
$12,000 TO $14,999. . . . .
$15,000 TO $19,999. . . . .
20,000 TO t24,999. . . . .
$25,000 TO $49,999. . . . .
$50,000 AND OVER. . . . .

.THOUSANDS.

.THOUSANDS.

. .OLLARS.
.OLLARS.

.THO UANOS.

.THOUSANDS.
. . .,
. . ,
. ,
. . .

. . ,
. .
. . . .
. . ,
. . .
. .,

"EDIAN INCOME .. . . . . .DOLLA S.
'EAN INCOME . . ... . . . .DOLLARS.

FEMALE

TOTAL PERSONS . . . . .THOUSANDS.

TOTAL WITH INCOME . .. .. .THOUSANDS.
PERCENT . . . . . . . .

$1 TO $999 OR LOSS . . . . . . .
$1,000 TO $1,499. . . . . . . .
$1,500 TO $1,999. . . . . . . . .
$2,000 TO $2,499. .. .. . . . . .
$2,500 TO $2,999. . . . . . . . .
$3,000 TO $3,499. . . . . . . . .
$3,500 TO $3,999 . . . ... .
$4,000 TO $4,999 . . . . . . .
$5,000 TO $5,999 .... . . . . . .
$6,000 TO $6,999. . . . . . . . .
$7,000 TO $7,999. . . . . . . . .
$8,000 TO $8,999. . . . . . . . .
$9,000 TO $9,999 . . . . . . .
810,000 TO $11,999 . . . . . . .
$12,000 TO $14,999.. . . . ... . .
$15,000 TO $19,999. . . . . . . .
$20,000 TO $24,999. .. . . ... . .
$25,000 TO $49,999 . . . . . . .
$50,000 AND OVER............ .. .

MEDIAN INCOME . .
MEAN INCOME . .

. . . . . D LLARS. .
. . . . . .DOLLARS, .

TOTAL

4 ?63

3 212
100.0

13.2
6.6
4.8
6.3
4.0
5.1
3.4
7.7
7.5
6.8
5.6
5.4
3.7
6.3
5.9
5.6
1.4
0.7
0.1

4 873
6 134

2 054

1 836
100.0

9.1
3.5
3.1
4.2
2.9
4.1
2.4
6.6
7.5
7.4
6.4
6.9
5.1
9.1
9.9
9.3
2.2
1.2
0.2

6 891
7 917

2 209

1 376
100.0

18.6
10.6
7.1
9.1
5.5
6.4
4.7
9.2
7.5
6.1
4.5
3.5
2.0
2.5
1.8
0.7
0.3
0.1

2 925
3 754

IN METROPOLITAN AREAS

IN OUTSIDE OUTSIDE
CENTRAL CENTRAL METROPOLITAN
TOTAL CITIES CITIES AREAS

1 769

1 107
100.0

16.5
10.3
6.2
8.6
6.0
7.1
5.2
9.1
7.2
6.5
5.0
4.1
1.9
2.7
2.1
0.8
0.4
0.1

3 162
3 968

1 841

1 391
100.0

10.8
6.7
5.0
6.6
4.5
4.8
3.6
7.8
6.6
7.3
5.8
5.4
4.2
5.6
7.1
5.7
1.7
0.6
0.1

5 030
6 387

883

778
100.0

7.4
4.0
2.P
4.7
3.7
3.4
2.1
6.8
6.4
6.9
6.8
6.7
5.7
8.U
10.7
9.8
2.6
1.0
0.2

7 276
8 251

958

613
100.0

15.1
10.1
7.7
9.2
5.5
6.7
5.5
9.1
6.8
7.8
4.6
3.8
2.3
2.0
2.5
0.6
0.6

3 183
4 019

1 562

1 161
100.0

13.1
6.3
3.1
5.3
4.2
5.3
3.7
7.8
7.4

6.2
5.5
6.2
2.4
8.0
5.9
7.2
1.5
1.0

5 171
6 458

860

560
100.0

1P.4
6.6
7.5
7.4
2.6
5.2
2.3
7.3
9.7
6.9
5.3
4.0
5.0
4.7
3.3
2.3
0.6
0.4
0.3

3 983
5 030

420

391
100.0

12.4
3.2
5.5
4.9
2.2
6.3
2.1
5.8
10.5
8.6
7.0
6.3
7.1
7.0
5.4
3.7
1.0
0.7
0.4

5 732
6 510

440

269
100.0

27.1
11.7
10.5
11.2
3.;
3.6
2.6
9.4
8.6
4.4
2.8
0.7
2.1
1.5
0.3
0.3

2 032
2 874

751

665
100.0

9.3
3.2
2.1
3.3
2.3
3.6
2.9
6.8
7.1
7.
5.5
7.4
3.2
11.2
9.0
11.9
2. 4
1.5
-I

7 417
8 353

811

494
100.0

18.2
10.5
4.4
8.0
6.5
7.6
4.7
9.1
7.8
5.0
5.4
4.5
1.41
3.6
1.6
0.9

I
0.'
0.2

3 140
3 904

I

,

35

Table 15. INCOME IN 1976 OF SPANISH AND MEXICAN ORIGIN PERSONS 25 YEARS OLD AND OVER

BY SEX AND NUMBER OF SCHOOL YEARS COMPLETED

(For the United States, March 1977. For meaning of symbols, see text)

YEARS O SCHOOL COMPLETED PERCENT
COM-
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL HIGH SCHOOL COLLEGE MEDIAN PLETED
TYPE OF SPANISH ORIGIN, SEX, AND INCOME SCHOOL 4 YEARS
YEARS OF HIGH
4 OR COM- SCHOOL
TOTAL NONE 1 TO 4 5 TO 7 8 1 TO 3 4 1 TO 3 MORE PLETED OR MORE

SPANISH ORIGIN

BOTH SEXES

TOTAL PERSONS . . .THOUSANDS. 4 916 288 596 816 465 803 1 200 443 304 10.1 39.6

TOTAL WITH INCOME ..THOUSANDS.. 4 098 230 485 651 394 665 996 399 278 10.3 40.8
PERCENT . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 .. ...

$1 TO $999 OR LOSS . . . . ..... .7 7.2 7.6 7.9 4.3 5.4 4.8 4.8 2.7 8.7 32.2
t1,000 TO $1,499. . . . . . .. 4.7 11.3 8.8 5.1 5.5 3.5 3.0 2.2 2.1 7.4 23.3
$1,500 TO $1,999. .. . . . . . 4.6 14.5 6.4 5.7 6.6 2.3 3.1 2.1 1.7 7.4 23.6
$2,000 TO $2,499. . . . . ... . 5.6 17.9 8.5 7.6 5.1 5.1 2.7 3.3 1.4 7.1 19.0
$2,500 TO $2,999. . . . . . . 4.3 8.1 6.1 6.3 5.0 3.3 3.2 1.8 2.3 8.0 26.0
$3,000 TO $3,499. . . . . . . 4.6 8.5 6.5 7.0 5.2 3.6 3.1 2.6 1,8 7.8 24.6
$3,500 TO $3,999. . . . . . .. 3.8 4.9 5.3 4.1 4.7 3.9 3.1 2.2 2.5 8.7 30.3
$4,000 TO $4,999. . . . . . . 8.7 9.4 12.7 7.9 10.7 11.1 8.0 6.2 3.8 9.7 32.2
$5,000 TO $5,999. . . . . . . P.3 4.4 9.8 10.3 11.3 9.2 7.1 6.1 4.7 9.0 31.9
$6,000 TO $6,999. . . . . ..... .. 7.0 4.6 7.3 6.5 6.7 9.2 6.9 8.1 4.1 10.4 38.0
$7,000 TO $7,999. . . . . . . 6.5 4.5 5.3 7.1 7.4 8.0 6.9 6.1 2.9 10.3 38.2
$8,000 TO $8,999. . . . . . . 5.9 3.6 4.0 6.7 6.0 6.1 7.0 5.3 4.9 10.7 43.7
S9,000 TO $9,999. . . . . ..... . 4.4 .6 2.2 3.6 3.8 5.0 4.8 7.9 4.8 12.1 51.4
$10,000 TO $11,999. . . . ..... .. 7.5 0.7 4.1 5.1 5.8 8.4 9.9 9.3 13.0 12.2 56.2
$12,000 TO $14,999 . . . ..... .. 7.7 1.1 2.6 4.6 6.2 7.6 10.7 14.1 11.3 12.3 61.8
$15,000 TO $19,999. . . ..... . 7.3 0.7 1.8 2.7 4.7 7.0 10.9 12.2 18.2 12.5 69.3
$20,000 TO $24,999. . . . . .. 2.1 0.8 1.2 0.1 0.9 2.5 4.5 8.7 13.0 78.5
$25,000 TO $49,999. . . . . .. 1.4 C.5 0.9 0.5 2.1 1.2 7.1 16) (B)
$50,000 AND OVER. . . . . .. . 0.1 1.9 (8) (B)

MEDIAN INCOME . . . . .DOLLARS. 5 984 2 476 4 055 4 794 5 257 6 283 7 720 8 847 11 486 ...
MEAN INCOME . .. . . .DOLLARS. 7 365 3 484 4 801 5 70 6 191 7 120 8 713 9 338 13 526 ...

MALE

TOTAL PERSONS . . .THOUSANDS. ? 298 121 274 357 206 367 546 240 187 10.5 42.4

TOTAL WITH INCOME . .THOUSANDS. 2 267 114 270 354 201 363 542 238 185 10.5 42.6
PERCENT .. . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ...

$1 TO $999 OR LOSS. . . . . . 2.3 3.7 4.4 3.1 1.3 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.6 (B) (8)
$1,000 TO $1,499 . . . . . . 1.9 4.7 4.4 2.5 1.3 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.8 (B) (B)
$1,500 TO $1,999 . . . . . 2.5 16.9 3.6 2.6 2.8 0.9 1.1 0.7 0.5 (B) (B)
$2,000 TO $2,499 . . . . ..... .. 3.6 14.5 5.3 6.1 2.6 3.5 0.8 1.7 1.3 6.5 13.3
$2,500 TO $2,99. . . . . . . 3.1 5.7 6.1 3.4 3.0 2.8 2.1 2.8 0.5 (B) (B)
$3,000 TO $3,499. . . . . ..... .. 3.4 .0 6.7 5.2 3.5 2.3 1.6 1.8 1.4 7.0 20.1
$3,500 TO $3,999. . . . . . . 2.5 4.9 3.4 2.5 4.6 1.6 1.6 1.4 2.3 (B) (B)
$4,000 TO $4,999. . . . . ..... .. 6.1 .3 13.1 5.4 6.4 6.2 5.1 3.3 2.1 8.4 28.5
$5,000 TO $5,999. . . . . . . 7.1 3.8 9.3 10.5 9.7 7.0 5.9 4.6 3.9 8.7 31.1
$6,000 TO $6,999. . . . . . .. 7.1 7.8 9.9 7.3 7.0 8.0 6.4 6.7 3.1 9.4 35.0
$7,000 TO $7,999 . . . . ... . .9 6.8 7.6 8.3 9.9 8.5 5.7 4.9 2.6 9.0 30.3
$8,000 TO $8,99. . . . ... .. .. 7.1 9.9 6.0 11.1 8.8 7.5 7.0 4.0 3.7 9.1 33.5
$9,000 TO $9,999. . . . . . . 5.5 4.1 4.0 6.1 6.1 8.1 5.1 5.6 2.9 10.3 37.2
$10,000 TO $11,999. . . . ..... .. 10.8 1.4 6.7 0.0 10.1 13.2 13.3 12.3 12.7 12.0 51.1
$12,000 TO $14,999. .. . . . . . 11.6 2.2 4.8 8.5 11.8 12.7 14.8 1 11.5 12.2 56.2
$15,000 TO $19,999 .. . . . . . 12.4 1.5 3.2 4.8 9.2 12.5 19.1 18.9 22.6 12.5 67.7
$20,000 TO $24,999. . . . . . 3.5 1.4 2.3 0.3 1.6 4.1 7.2 12.1 13.0 77.2
$25,000 TO $49,99. . . . . . 2.4 1.0 1.7 0.7 3.6 2.0 10.5 (B) (B)
$50,000 AND OVER.. . . . . .... 0.2 0.1 2.8 (8) (8)

MEDIAN INCOME ...... . . ..DOLLARS. P 504 3 786 5 320 7 132 7 797 8 838 10 640 11 537 14 381 .. ...
MEAN INCOME . ..... . . ..DOLLARS. 9 613 4 386 6 155 7 673 8 487 9 252 11 275 11 513 16 181

FEMALE

TOTAL PERSONS . . .THOUSANDS. 2 618 167 323 460 258 436 654 204 117 9.7 37.2

TOTAL WITH INCOME . .THOUSANDS. 1 830 116 215 297 193 301 454 160 93 10.0 38.6
PERCENT . . . . ... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 .

$1 TO $999 OR LOSS... . . . . 9.9 10.7 11.6 13.6 7.4 9.8 8.5 9.7 5.0 8.9 32.5
$1,000 TO $1,499. . . ........ . 8.1 17.7 14.3 8.1 9.8 6.5 5.6 3.8 2.5 7.8 23.0
$1,500 TO $1,999 . . . . ..... .. 7.2 17.1 10.0 9.5 10.6 4.0 5.5 4.2 4.1 8.1 27.0
$2,000 TO $2,499. . . . . . . 8.1 21.2 12.6 9.4 7.8 7.0 4.9 5.6 1.6 7.5 22.1
$2,500 TO $2,999. . . . . ..... . .8 10.5 6.2 9.7 7.2 3.7 4.6 0.5 6.0 7.9 25.4
$3,000 TO $3,499. . . . . . . 6.1 9.1 6.3 0.2 6.9 5.1 4.9 3.8 2.5 8.3 27.7
$3,500 TO $3,999 . . . . ..... .. 5.4 4.8 7.6 5.7 4.8 6.6 4.9 3.4 3.0 9.1 30.9
$4,000 TO $4,999. . . . . . . 11.9 2.6 12.3 10.9 15.2 17.1 11.4 10.4 7.0 10.3 34.5
$5,000 TO $5,999 . . . . . .. 9.6 4.9 10.5 10.0 13.0 11.9 8.4 8.2 6.3 9.5 32.5
46,000 TO $6,999 . . . . ..... .. 6.9 1.4 4.1 5.5 6.5 10.6 7.4 10.1 6.1 11.1 43.8
$7,000 TO $7,999. . . . . . . 6.0 2.2 2.3 5.6 4.9 7.4 8.4 8.0 3.6 11.9 49.3
$8,000 TO $8,999. . . . . . . 4.3 1.5 1.5 1.4 3.0 4.3 7.1 7.2 7.3 12.4 64.4
$9,000 TO $9,999. . .. . . . . 3.1 1.2 0.6 1.4 1.2 4.5 11.4 8.5 (8) (B)
$10,000 TO $11,999. . . . ... 3.3 0.8 0.5 1.4 2.7 5.8 4.8 13.7 (8) (B)
$12,000 TO $14,999. . . . . .. 2.8 0.3 1.4 5.8 6.1 10. (B) (B)
(15,000 TO $19,999. . . . . . 1.1 0.2 0.3 1.2 2.3 9.6 (B) (B)
$20,000 TO $24,999. . . . . . 0.3 0.5 0.5 1.8 (B) (8)
$25,000 TO $49,999. . . . .... . 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 (B) (B)
$50,000 AND OVER. . . ......... (B) (R)

MEDIAN INCOME ...... . . .DOLLARS. 3 948 2 224 2 623 2 983 3 535 4 424 4 967 6 037 8 299 .
MEAN INCOME . . ..... . .DOLLARS. 4 580 2 603 3 104 3 365 3 801 4 551 5 650 6 108 8 221

Table 15. INCOME IN 1976 OF SPANISH AND MEXICAN ORIGIN PERSONS 25 YEARS OLD AND OVER

BY SEX AND NUMBER OF SCHOOL YEARS COMPLETED-Continued

(For the United States, March 1977. For meaning of symbols, see text)

TYPE OF SPANISH ORIGIN, SEX, AND INCOME

MEXICAN ORIGIN

bOTH SEXES

TOTAL PERSONS . . THOUSANDS.

TOTAL WITH INCOME . .THOUSANDS .
"ERCENT . . . . . .

$1 TO $999 OR LOSS . .
t1,000 TO $1,499. . .
$1,500 TO $1,999. . .
12,000 TO $2,499 . .
12,500 TO $2,999. . .
13,000 TO $3,499. .
'*3,500 TO 83,999 .. .
14,000 TO $4,999. . .
$5,000 TO $5,999. . .
$6,000 TO $6,999. . .
87,000 TO $7,999. . .
$3,000 TO $8,999. . .
"9,000 TO $9,999. . .
$10,000 TO $11,999. .
$12,000 TO $14,999. . .
$15,000 TO $19,999. .
$20,000 TO $24,999 . .
$25,000 TO $49,999. .
850,000 AND OVER. . .

MEDIAN INCOME . . .
MEAN INCOME . . .

MALE

TOTAL PERSONS . .

TOTAL WITH INCOME .
PERCENT . . .

$l TO $999 OR LOSS.. .
$1,000 TO $1,499 . .
1, 500 TO $1,999 . .
$2,000 TO 2,499 . .
$2,500 TO $2,999 . .
13,000 TO $3,499 . .
$3,500 TO $3,999. .
$4,000 TO $4,999. . .
$5,000 TO $5,999 . .
$6,000 TO $6,999. .
$7,000 TO $7,999. .
$8,000 TO $8,999 . .
89,000 TO $9,999 . .
$10,000 TO $11,999 . .
$12,000 TO $14,999 . .
515,000 TO $19,999 . .
$20,000 TO $24,999 . .
$25,000 TO $49,999 .
t50,000 AND OVER. .

MEDIAN INCOME . . .
MEAN INCOME . . .

. DOLLARS.
..DOLLARS.

.THOUSANDS.

.THOUSANDS.

.DOLLARS.
.DOLLARS.
DOLLAR. .

FEMALE

TOTAL PERSONS . . .THOUSANDS.

TOTAL WITH INCOME ..THOUSANDS.
PERCENT . . . . . .

$1 T' $999 OR LOSS. . . . . .
$1,000 TO $1,499. . . . . . .
$1,500 TO $1,999. . . . . . .
$2,000 TO $2,499. . . . . . .
$2,500 TO $2,999. . . . . . .
$3,000 TO $3,499. . . . . . .
$3,500 TO $3,999. . . . . . .
$4,000 TO $4,999. . . . . . .
$5,000 TO $5,999 . . . . .
t6,000 TO $6,999. . . . . . .
$7,000 TO $7,999. . . . . . .
48,000 TO $8,999. . . . . . .
$9,000 TO $9,999 .... . . . .
$10,000 TO $11,999. . . . .. .
$12,000 TO $14,999. . . . . .
$15,000 TO $19,999. . . . . .
$20,000 TO $24,999 . . . . .
$25,000 TO $49,999. . . . . .
$50,000 AND OVER. . . . . . .

MEDIAN INCOME . . . . .DOLLARS.
MEAN INCOME . . .. .... .DOLLARS.

TOTAL

YEARS 0O SCHOOL COMPLETED

ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

NONE 11 TO 4

5 TO 7

HIGH SCHOOL

1 TO 3

COLLEGE

1 TO 3

MEDIAN
SCHOOL
YEARS
COM-
PLETED

PERCENT
COM-
PLETED
4 YEARS
OF HIGH
SCHOOL
OR MORE

__ __ 8 + 8 + + + 8

2 701

2 206
100.0

6.2
5.3
4.3
5.8
4.0
4.9
3.3
8.2
7.5
7.6
6.1
6.2
4.3
7.6
7.8
7.7
1.9
1.0
0.1

6 0'66
7 283

1 311

1 292
100.0

2.4
1.7
2.6
3.6
2.9
3.9
2.3
6.3
7.1
7.9
6.5
7.6
5.6
10.8
11.6
12.4
1.1
1.6
0.2

4 386
0 382

I 391

914
100.0

11.7
10.3
6.8
9.1
5.6
A.4
4.6
10.7
1.2
7.2
5.5
4.2
2.5
3.1
2.5
1.0
0.4
0.1

1 508
4 313

726

179
100.0

8.6
9.8
14.7
17.4
6.3
8.0
5.9
4.7
3.8
5.2
5.8
3.9
P.9
0.9
1.4
0.9

2 485
3 636

98

94
100.0

3.6
4.3
17.0
12.0
6.5
7.7
5.9
7.5
3.8
A.2
8.3
5.4
4.0
1.7
2.7
1.8

3 435
4 556

12R

85
100.0

14.1
15.9
12.2
23.4
6.1
8.4
5.8
1.6
3.9
1.9
3.1
2.0
1.7

2 167
2 622

508

395
100.0

9.1
4.9
5.0
7.1
6.1
7.2
3.3
6.4
8.8
6.2
6.6
6.9
4.7
6.7
6.0
3.4
1.2
0.5

5 105
6 P04

232

232
100.0

3.4
2.4
1.3
5.4
2.9
5.5
11.6
5.0
10.1
7.2
I7.5
10.6
7.1
11.4
10.1
5.5
2.0
n.9

7 675
8 034

276

162
100.0

17.2
8.4
10.4
9.7
10.5
0.7
5.7
8.3
7.0
4.7
5.0
1.8
1.2

0.3

2 704
3 090

213

181
100.0

5.3
4.7
4.9
4.8
4.1
5.5
4.8
10.3
9.6
6.5
6.7
7.3
5.1
5.3
7.9
6.5
0.3
0.4

5 586
6 593

106

102
100.0

1.4
0.7
2.1
1.7
2.4
3.1
5.4
6.5
9.1
8.7
8.1
9.0
7.3
8.4
13.4
11.5
0.6
0.8

9 099
3 746

107

79
100.0

10.3
9.91
8.5
88 8
6.2
8.7
4.0
15.3
10.3
3.8
4.8
5.2
2.2
1.2
0.7

-

3 359
3 799

443

356
100.0

5.2
5.1
1.3
4.3
2.8
5.1
3.1
9.9
8.6
9.4
8.0
6.3
4.0
9.9
7.8
7.9
0.8
0.7

6 494
7 306

203

201
100.0

1.0
1.2
1.3
3.0
3.2
4.2
1.8
4.6
6.1
8.4
8.0
7.9
5.7
14.7
12.9
13.6
1.3
1.2

8 933
9 451

240

155
100.0

10.7
10.2
1.4
6.0
2.2
6.3
4.7
16.8
11.9
10.7
7.9
4.2
1.8
3.6
1.1
0.6

4 513
4 526

587

489
100.0

4.9
3.4
3.5
2.2
2.4
1.8
2.5
7.4
5.8
7.8
6.1
7.5
3.3
9.8
12.2
14.7
2.2
2.5

8 294
9 303

285

282
100.0

2.3

1.6
0.6
1.2
1.2
1.1
3.9
4.2
6.8
5.0
7.3
4.1
12.4
16.6
24.4
3.3

11 668
11 967

303

207
100.01

8.u|
8.01
6.01
4.2
4.1
2.8
4.3
12.3
8.0
9.1
7.7
7.7
2.2
6.1
6.3
1.5
0.8
0.4

4 998
5 680

213

195
100.0

3.3
1.7
2.0
2.9
3.0
3.1
2.1
6.2
7.9
10.9
4.8
5.4
9.0
8.4
13.7
10.71
4.11
1.0
-

8 429
9 086

132

131
100.0

1.4
1.2
1.71
4.4
2.1!
1.9
3.5
6.3
9.4
4.4
5.3
8.4
10.I
17.1
15.21
6.2
1.5

10 005|
10 663!

81

64
(B)

(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)

(B)
(8)

(B)
(B)
(B)

IB)
(B)
(B)
(81

(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(1)

105

96
100.0

3.8
3.2
0.5
1.6
4.0
1.5

2.5
3.2
4.8
2.5
6.3
6.1
17.5
7.4
15.4

2.4

10 978
13 845

61

61
(8)1

(8)
(B)
(B)
(8)
(B)
(8)
(8)
(B)
IB)

(B)
(B)
(8)
(8)
(8)

(8)
(B)

(B)
1B)

9.0

9.3

7.4
6.6
6.2
6.1
7.4
7.0
(8)
8.8B
8.71
10.4
9.4
9.91
10.0
11.7
12.1
12.3
(8)
8B)
1(B)1

9.3

9.4

(8)
18)1
18)!
(B)i
IB)
(B) I
(B)
(B)
(B)
5.7
7.61
8.9
8.41
8.8i
(B)
10.9
11.8
12.3
(B)
(B)
(B)

8.9

9.1

7.6
7.2
(B)
6.3
(B)
(8)
(8)
10.5
10.2
(81
(B)

(8)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)

Table 16. INCOME IN 1976 OF SPANISH AND MEXICAN ORIGIN PERSONS 14 YEARS OLD AND OVER IN THE

EMPLOYED CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE BY OCCUPATION OF LONGEST JOB IN 1976 AND SEX
(For the United States. March 1977. For meaning of symbols, see text)
FARM SERVICE
MANAGERS TRANS- FARM- LABOR- WORKERS,
PROF., AND OPERA- PORT ERS ERS EXCEPT
TYPE OF SPANISH ORIGIN, SEX, AND INCOME TECH., ADMINIS- CLERI- CRAFTS TIVES, EQUIP- LABOR- AND AND PRIVATE PRIVATE
OF PERSONS IN THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE AND TRATORS, CAL AND AND EXCEPT MENT ERS FARM FARM HOUSE- HOUSE-
TOTAL KINDRED EXCEPT SALES KINDRED KINDRED TRANS OPERA- EXCEPT MAN- SUPER- HOLD HOLD
PERSONS WORKERS FARM WORKERS WORKERS WORKERS PORT TIVES FARM AGERS VISORS WORKERS WORKERS

SPANISH ORIGIN

POTH SEXES

TOTAL PERSONS . . .THOUSANDS. 3 722 092 199 126 547 495 820 148 261 4 123 642 63

TOTAL WITH INCOME . .THOUSANDS. 3 598 287 197 119 523 486 798 147 252 4 121 606 57
PERCENT ............ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.00 100.0 100.0 100.0 (B) 100.0 100.0 (B)

$1 TO $999 OR LOSS. . . . . ... 6.5 4.7 5.5 14.5 5.6 1.9 4.4 4.8 5.5 (B) 9.3 12.1 (8)
$1,000 TO $1s499. . . . . ... 3.3 2.3 2.4 t.2 2.8 1.7 2.5 2.9 4.5 (B) 5.0 4.6 (B)
$1,500 TO $1,999. . . . . . . 2.5 1.0 1.1 3.5 2.7 1.0 1.8 0.4 3.9 (3) 3.0 3.4 (B)
$2,000 TO $2,499. . . . . .. 3.5 7.9 0.6 4.2 3.2 1.3 4.2 4.6 (9) 2.1 5.8 (B)
92,500 TO $2,999 . . . . . . 2.8 1.2 0.2 6.7 2.9 0.9 3.3 1.8 2.1 (9) 5.3 4.2 (B)
$3,000 TO $3,499. . . . . . .. 3.3 1.9 2.1 3.5 3.3 1.7 3.6 1.0 5.5 (B) 6.2 3.9 (8)
$3,500 TO $3,999. . . . . . 2.5 7.0 0.8 5.6 2.4 0.8 3.4 1.1 1.0 (B) 4.9 3.6 (8)
$4,000 TO $4,999. . . ...... 7.7 4.3 3.8 6.0 8.0 4.7 10.3 4.6 6.4 (B) 11.5 9.9 (8)
$5,000 TO $5,999. .. . . . 9.0 7.0 3.8 3.0 8.8 6.9 13.1 7.0 7.7 (B) 9.9 10.4 (B)
$6,000 TO $6,999 . . . . ... 8.3 5.0 7.2 6.0 10.4 6.1 10.8 5.8 7.6 (B) 8.5 8.7 (B)
$7,000 TO $7,999 . . . . . . 7.9 4.2 7.1 7.2 8.2 7.3 10.5 9.0 11.2 (8) 7.4 6.2 (B)
$8,000 TO $8,999. . . . . . . 7.3 3.9 2.0 4.4 9.5 7.1 7.5 13.6 8.3 (B) 10.0 7.1 (B)
$9,000 TO $9,999. . . . . ... 5.3 5.1 6.0 6.5 8.0 5.1 3.6 8.3 4.4 (B) 10.0 4.5 (B)
$10,000 TO $11,999 . . . . ... 8.9 10.8 14.3 7.7 8.8 12.5 7.6 11.2 Q.4 (B) 4.2 6.6 (B)
$12,000 TO $14,999 .. . . ..... 8.8 13.5 9.2 7.8 8.7 15.9 5.0 14.7 10.8 (9) 1.7 4.5 (B)
$15,000 TO $19,999 . . . ... 8.4 14.3 16.4 2.1 5.5 17.6 6.6 9.7 6.4 (B) 2.9 (B)
$20,000 TO $24,999. . . . . . 2.3 6.8 7.1 3.3 1.0 4.8 0.2 3.9 0.6 (B) 1.3 (B)
$25,000 TO $49,999. . . . . ... 1.5 3.5 10.0 2.7 0.1 25 0.6 (B) 0.3 (B)
550,000 AND OVER. . . . . . . 0.2 1.5 0.4 0.1 (B) (8)

MEDIAN INCOME . . . .. DOLLARS. 7 082 10 739 10 911 5 244 6 988 10 440 6 315 8 842 7 110 (8) 5 173 5 242 (B)
MEAN INCOME .... . . . .DOLLARS. 8 103 12 142 12 544 6 756 7 379 10 959 7 041 9 416 7 300 (B) 5 285 5 825 (B)

MALE

TOTAL PERSONS . . .THOUSANDS. 2 309 177 159 66 137 467 461 142 246 4 102 348

TOTAL WITH INCOME .THOUSANDS. 2 272 176 159 63 137 461 458 141 239 4 101 333
PERCENT . . . . ...... 100.0 100.0 100.0 (9) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (B) 100.0 100.0 (B)

$1 TO $999 OR LOSS. . . . . .. 4.7 3.1 3.4 (9) 4.2 1.3 4.7 3.6 5.5 (8) 5.9 9.3 (B)
$1,000 TO $1,499 . . . . . . 2.2 2.0 1.1 1() 1.7 1.8 1.7 2.5 4.0 (3) 5.1 1.9 (B)
$1,500 TO $1,999. . . . . . 1.7 0.1 1.2 (9) 2.8 1.1 1.9 0.2 3.4 8) 4.1 1.9 (B)
$2,000 TO $2,499 . . . . . . 2.6 3.2 0.8 (9) 3.1 1.2 3.4 4.9 (B) 2.2 3.7 (B)
$2,500 TO $2,999. . . . . . 2.0 0.9 (8) 2.7 1.0 2.0 1.9 2.2 (9) 4.3 2.8 (8)
$3,000 TO $3,499 . . . . ... 2.7 1.8 2.2 (B) 3.0 1.8 2.6 1.0 4.1 (B) 5.4 3.6 (B)
$3,500 TO $3,999. . . . ..... 1.7 2.2 0.5 (B) 1.4 0.8 2.0 0.7 1.0 (B) 4.3 2.2 (B)
$4,000 TO $4,999 .... . . . 5.6 3.7 2.6 (8) 5.0 4.6 5.2 3.6 6.3 (B) 12.3 8.6 (B)
$5,000 TO $5,999 . . . . . . 7.2 4.2 3.1 (9) 3.6 6.0 9.8 7.3 7.8 (9) 10.1 9.7 (B)
%6,000 TO $6,999 . . . . . . 7.2 3.R 7.5 (9) 8.0 5.4 9.6 6.1 7.7 (8) 8.5 8.2 (B)
$7,000 TO $7,999 . . . . . . 7.5 3.3 4.9 (9) 3.4 7.0 9.3 8.9 11.3 (B) 8.8 7.1 (B)
$3,000 TO $8,999. . . . . . . 7.6 2.1 1.9 (B) 7.4 7.5 8.9 14.2 8.8 (B) 10.1 8.1 (B)
$9,000 TO $9,999 . . . . . . 5.9 3.3 5.6 (8) 5.0 5.0 5.5 8.7 4.7 (B) 12.0 6.3 (B
$10,000 TO $11,999 .. . .... . 11.3 11.3 15.3 (1) 12.9 126 11.3 11.7 10.0 (B) 5.0 10.3 (B)
$12,000 TO $14,999. . . . . . 11.7 17.1 9.7 (B) 16.8 16.6 9.5 15.3 11.1 (B) 2.1 8.1 (B)
$15,000 TO $19,999 . . . . . 12.5 24.8 20.1 (B) 15.4 18.6 11.4 10.1 6.7 (B) 5.1 ()
t20,000 TO $24,999 . . . . ... 3.5 10.2 7.3 (8) 3.4 5.1 0.4 4.1 0.7 (B) 2.5 (B)
$25,000 TO $49,999. . . . . . 2.2 5.6 12.4 (9) 2.6 0.9 () 05 ()
$50,000 AND OVER .... . . . ... 0.3 2.5 0.5 (B) 0.2 (8) ()

MEDIAN INCOME . . . . .DOLLARS. A 652 13 118 11 995 (B) 9 696 10 755 7 781 8 996 7 287 (B) 5 653 6 751 (B)
MEAN INCOME . . . . .DOLLARS. 653 14 611 13 834 (B) 9 637 11 234 8 428 9 695 7 487 () 5 665 7 336 (B)

FEMALE

TOTAL PERSONS . . .THOUSANDS. 1 413 115 40 61 410 29 360 7 15 21 294 63

TOTAL WITH INCOME . .THOUSANDS. 1 326 111 38 55 386 26 340 6 13 20 273 57
PERCENT . . . . . . 100.0 100.0 (B) (3) 100.0 ( ) 100.0 (8) (B) (B) (B) 100.0 (B)

$1 TO $999 OR LOSS. . . . . .. 9.8 7.2 (4) (9) 6.1 (8) 4.0 (B) (8) (B) (B) 15.4 (B)
$1,000 TO $1,499. . . . . . . 5.1 2.8 (B) ( ) 3.2 (B) 3.5 (B) (B) (B) (B) 7.8 (B)
$1,500 TO $1,999. . . . . . . 3 7 2.3 (B) (B) 2.7 (B) 1.7 (B) (8) (B) (B) 5.2 (8)
t2,000 TO $2,499. . . ..... . .0 .4 (R) (B) 3.3 (B) 5.2 (8) (B) ( ) (B) 8.4 (8)
$2,500 TO $2,999. . . . . . . 4.1 1.8 (B) (B 3.0 (B) 5.1 ( ) (B) (B) (B) 6.0 (B)
$3,000 TO $3,499. . . . . . . 4.4 2.1 (B) (9) 3.3 ( ) 5.0 (B) (B) (B) (8) 4.2 (B)
$3,500 TO $3,999 . . . . . .. 4.0 1.8 (B) (B) 2.7 (8) 5.1 (8) (8) (B) (B) 5.3 (B)
$4,000 TO $4,999. . . . . . . 11.3 5.2 (B) (B) 9.1 (8) 17.3 (8) (B) (B) (B) 11.5 (B)
$5,000 TO $5,999. . . . . . . 12.0 11.5 (B) (9) 10.6 (B) 17.7 (B) (B) (B) (8) 11.2 (B)
$6,000 TO $6,999. . . . . . . 10.1 6.9 (P) ( ) 11.3 (B) 12.4 (8) (B) (B) (B) 9.2 (B)
$7,000 TO $7,999 .. .. . . . 8.7 5.4 (R) (8) 9 .9 (B) 12.1) ) ( ) (B) (B) 5.3 (B)
t8,000 TO $8,999 .. .. . . . 6.8 6.8 (B) (3) 10.2 (B) 5.6 (8) (B) (B) (B) 5.9 (B)
$9,000 TO $9,999. . . . . .. 4.4 8.0 (B) (9) 9.1 (B) 1.0 (B) (B) (B) (B) 2.3 (B)
$10,000 TO $11,999 .. .. . . .. 4.9 9.9 (8) (B) 7.4 (B) 2.5 (B) (B) (8) (8) 2.2 (B)
$12,000 TO $14,999. . . . . .. 3.7 15.8 (8) (3) 5.8 (B) 1.2 (B) (B) (9) (B) (B)
$15,000 TO $19,999. . . . . . 1.4 7.9 (B) (9) 2.0 () 0.3 (B) (B) (9) (B) 0.3 (B)
$20,000 TO $24,999. . . . . . .4 1.5 (8) (B) 0.2 (B) (R) (B) (3 (B) (B)
$25,000 TO $49,999 . . . . . 0.2 0.3 (R) (3) 0.2 (B) 0.3 (8) (B) (8 (B) (B)
S50,000 AND OVER. .... . . . . (B) (3B) (8) B) ( ( (B) ( (B)

MEDIAN INCOME . . . . .DOLLARS. 5 209 8 043 (R) (8) 6 535 (8) 5 170 (B) (B) ( (B) 3 781 (B)
MEAN INCOME ......... . DOLLARS. 5 447 8 227 (B) (9) 6 576 (8) 5 171 (B) (B) (B (B) 987 (8)

38

Table 16. INCOME IN 1976 OF SPANISH AND MEXICAN ORIGIN PERSONS 14 YEARS OLD AND OVER IN THE

EMPLOYED CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE BY OCCUPATION OF LONGEST JOB IN 1976 AND SEX-Continued

(For the United States, March 1977. For meaning of symbols, see textp

FARM SERVICE
MANAGERS TRANS- FARM- LABOR- WORKERS,
PROF., AND OPERA- PORT ERS ERS EXCEPT
TYPE OF SPANISH ORIGIN, SEX, AND INCOME TECH., ADMINIS- CLERI- CRAFTS TIVES, EQUIP- LABOR- AND AND PRIVATE PRIVATE
OF PERSONS IN THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE AND TRATORS, CAL AND AND EXCEPT MENT ERS, FARM FARM HOUSF- HOUSE-
TOTAL KINDRED EXCEPT SALES KINDRED KINDRED TRANS- OPERA- EXCEPT MAN- SUPER- HOLD HOLD
PERSONS WORKERS FARM WORKERS WORKERS WORKERS PORT TIVES FARM AGERS VISORS WORKERS WORKERS

MEXICAN ORIiIN

BOTH SEXES

TOTAL PERSONS . .. ... THOUSANDS. 2 188 114 95 52 281 332 468 100 190 3 118 383 41

TOTAL WITH INCOME . THOUSANDS. 2 111 113 94 59 266 323 456 99 183 3 116 359 39
PERCENT . . . . ..... ... 100.0 100.0 100.0 (a) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (9) 100.0 100.0 (B)

$1 TO $999 OR LOSS. .. . . . . 7.2 4.7 7.0 (3) 4.7 1.7 4.1 3.0 4.6 (9) 9.6 16.6 (B)
1,000 TO $1,499. . . . . . . 3.8 3.8 2.4 (B) 3.7 2.2 2.5 3.6 4.0 (B) 4.7 5.3 (p)
$1,500 TO $1,999. . . . . . . 2.7 0.4 2.0 (9) 3.9 0.5 1.8 0.3 4.5 (3) 4.1 3.7 (E)
$2,000 TO $2,499. . . . . . . 3.7 1.5 (3) 3.6 1.9 4.7 4.5 (3) 2.2 6.6 (B)
$2,500 TO $2,999 . . . . . . 2.9 0.3 (3) 3.1 1.4 2.6 2.7 1.4 (B) 5.5 5.1 (B)
$3,000 TO $3,499. . . . . . . 3.7 3.1 2.7 (3) 4.2 1.9 3.5 1.4 5.6 (3) 6.5 4.3 (B)
$3,500 TO $3,999 ............ 2.7 0.7 0.9 (3) 2.7 0.6 4.6 1.7 0.9 (3) 5.1 3.1 (B)
$4,000 TO $4,999. .. .. .. ... .. 7.7 5.7 1.7 (B) 9.3 5.2 8.6 5.7 5.6 (3) 11.3 11.0 (B)
$5,000 TO $5,999. . . . . .. . 8.6 9.6 5.0 (3) 10.3 7.0 11.8 3.1 7.1 (B) 9.9 9.4 (B)
$6,000 TO $6,999. . . . . . . 8.4 7.0 7.7 (3) 9.2 6.1 10.5 6.8 7.7 (9) 8.9 8.5 (B)
$7,000 TO $7,999. . . . . . . 7.5 6.2 8.7 (3) 7.2 7.0 8.6 8.2 13.9 (9) 6.9 4.a (8)
$8,000 TO $8,999. . . . . . . 7.1 3.4 2.5 () 8.6 8.3 6.5 16.0 7.7 (9) 9.7 4.8 (3)
$9,000 TO $9,999. . . . . ... 5.1 5.9 5.4 (3) 6.0 4.7 4.3 10.6 3.8 (9) 9.7 3.5 (3)
$10,000 TO $11,999. .. .. . . . 8.8 11.9 17.4 (3) 9.1 11.7 8.5 10.4 9.8 (3) 4.1 5.2 (B)
$12,000 TO $14,999. . . . ... .. 8.5 7.1 10.3 (31 8.6 15.6 6.1 15.9 11.2 (3) 1.8 4.6 (9)
$15,000 TO $19,999. . . . . .. A.3 15.3 14.9 (3) 5.4 17.4 9.9 7.3 7.2 () 2.3 (B)
$20,000 TO $24,999 . . . . . 2.0 9.8 5.3 (9) 0.3 4.4 0.2 3.3 0.4 () 1.1 (B)
$25,000 TO $49,999 . . . . . 1.0 1.3 6.1 (9) 2.3 1.1 (8) 0.2 (B)
$50,000 AND OVER . . . . . . 0.2 2.1 (9) 0.2 (9) (B)

MEDIAN INCOME . . . . .DOLLARS 6 819 9 575 10 371 (9) 6 483 10 197 6 558 8 842 7 287 (9) 5 101 4 491 (6)
MEAN INCOME . . . . .DOLLARS. 7 795 11 920 11 203 (9) 6 963 10 785 7 590 9 237 7 487 (9) 5 232 5 189 (6)

MALE

TOTAL PERSONS . . .THOUSANDS. 1 410 67 71 32 66 313 296 96 181 3 98 187

TOTAL WITH INCOME . .THOUSANDS. 1 385 67 71 31 66 307 293 95 175 3 97 179
PERCENT . . . . .... 100.0 (B) (B) (3) (B) 100.0 1. 100.0 100.0) 100.0 1 1. 1CO.O (3)

$1 TO $999 OR LOSS . . . . .. 5.2 (B) (B) (3) (8) 1.6 4.0 2.4 4.8 (3) 6.1 15.4 (8)
$1,000 TO $1,499. . . . . . ... 2.4 (3) (B) 13) (B) 2.3 0.9 2.9 3.2 (3) 4.6 2.1 (B)
$1,500 TO 51,999 . . . . . . 1.9 (B) (B) (3) (B) 0.6 1.4 0.3 3.7 (3) 4.3 2.2 (B)
42,000 TO $2,499 . . . . . . 2.7 (B) (B) (3) (B) 1.8 3.8 4.7 (3) 2.3 4.1 (B)
$2,500 TO $2,999. . . . . . . 1.9 (B) (B) (9) (B) 1.5 1.3 2.8 1.5 (3) 4.4 3.1 (B)
$3,000 TO $3,499. . . . . . . 3.2 (B) (B) (B) (8) 2.0 2.9 1.5 5.0 (3) 5.6 3.8 (B)
$3,500 TO $3,999. . . . . . . 1.6 (B) (R) (3) (B) 0 6 3 2 1.0 09 (9)1 4.5 0.8 (B)
$4,000 TO $4,999. .. .. . . . . 6.0 (B) (81 (3) (B) 5.2 4.5 4.2 5.2 (B) 12.1 10.5 (B1
$5,000 TO $5,999. . . . ...... 7.2 (B) (B) (B) (B) 6.0 10.1 3.2 7.4 (3) 10.3 9.5 (B)
$6,000 TO $6,999. . . . . . . 7.5 (B) (R) (3) (8) 5.4 9.1 7.1 7.6 (3) 8.9 8.2 (B)
$7,000 TO $7,999. . . . . .. 7.6 (B) (B) (3) (B) 6.5 8.0 8.6 14.4 (3) 8.3 4.2 (B)
$8,000 TO $8,999. . . . ... ... 7.8 (B) (B) (3) (B) .8 7.2 16.6 8.1 (3) 9.7 6.2 (B)
$9,000 TO $9,999. . . . . . .. 6.1 (B) (B) (3) (B) 4.7 6.2 11.0 4.0 1 ( ) 11.7 4.5 (B)
$10,000 TO $11,999 . . . . ... 11.1 (B) (B) (3) (B) 11.7 11.9 10.8 10.2 (3) 4.9 9.6 (B)
$12,000 TO $14,999. . . . . ... 11.2 (B) (8) (3) (B) 16.1 8.5 16.6 11.2 (8) 2.2 9.1 (B)
$15,OOd TO $19,999. . . . . .. 12.1 (B) (B) (8) (B) 18.3 15.1 7.6 7.5 3) 4.1 (B)
$20,000 TO $24,999. . . . . . 2 9 (B) (B) (8) (B) 4.7 0.3 3.4 0.4 () 2.2 (B)
$25,000 TO $49,999. . . . . . 1.5 (8) (B) (3) (B) 2.4 1.4 (3) 0.4 (8)
$50,000 AND OVER . . . . . . 0.2 (B ( ) (9) (B) 0.3 ( ) (B)

MEDIAN INCOME ....... . . DOLLARS. 8 367 (B) (B) (B) (B) 10 464 8 121 8 963 7 408 (B) 5 589 5 838 (8)
MEAN INCOME . . . . .DOLLARS. 9 232 (B) (B) (3) (B) 11 007 8 985 9 485 7 646 (8) 5 618 6 704 (8)

FEMALE

TOTAL PERSONS . . .THOUSANDS. 778 47 24 30 215 19 172 4 9 21 196 41

TOTAL WITH INCOME . .THOUSANDS. 726 46 23 28 200 16 163 4 8 20 180 39
PERCENT . . . . ... 100.0 (B) (8) (3) 100.0 (B) 100.0 (B) (8) (B) (B) 100.0 (B)

$1 TO $999 OR LOSS. .. . . . . 10.9 (B) (B) (3) 5.3 (B) 4.3 (B) (B) (3) (B) 17.7 (9)
$1,000 TO $1499. . . . . . . 6.3 (B) (B) (B) 3.8 (8) 5.3 (8) (B) (B) (B) 85. (8)
SI,500 TO $1,999. . . . . . . 4.4 (B) (B) (3) 4.0 (8) 2.4 (8) (B) (B) (B) 5.2 (3)
$2,000 TO $2,499. .. . . . . . 5.8 (B) B) (3) 3.9 (B) 6.5 1B) (B) ( ) (B 9.2 (3)
$2,500 TO $2,999. .. .. . . . . 4.8 (B) (B) (B) 3.8 (B) 4.0 (B) (B) (9) (B) 7.0 (9)
$3,000 TO $3,499. . . . . . . 4.8 ( ) (B) (3) 4.1 (B) 4.5 (B) (B) (8) (8) 4.7 (6)
$3,500 TO $3,999 . . . . . . 4.7 (B) (8) (3) 3.5 (1) 7.2 (B) (8) (3) (8) 5.4 (B)
$4,000 TO $4,999. . . . . . ... 11.2 (B) (B) (8) 10.2 (B) 15.8 (B) (B (8) ) () 11.5 ()
$5,000 TO $5,999. . . . . . ... 11.5 (8) (B) (9) 13.3 (8) 14.8 (B) (B) (9) (B) 9.3 (B)
$6,000 TO $6,999. . . . . . .. 10.1 (B) (B) (3) 10.4 (B) 13.2 (B) 18) (3) (8) 8.8 (B)
$7,000 TO $7,999. . . . .. .. 7.3 (B) (B) (3) 8.5 (B) 9.6 (P) (8) (3) (8) 5.5 (8)
$8,000 TO $8,999. . . . . . . 5.9 (B) (B) (3) 9.7 (8) 5.1 (B) (B) (3) (B) 3.3 (8)
$9,000 TO $9,999. . . . . . 3.2 (B) (B) (3) 5.2 (B) 1.0 (B) (B) (3) (8) 2.5 (B)
$10,000 TO $11,999. . . . . . 4.3 (B) (R (3) 7.4 (B) 2.3 (8) (B) (3) (8) 0.8 (9)
$12,000 TO $14,999. . . . . . 3.2 (B) (B) (3) 5.5 (B) 2.0 (8) 18) (3) (B) (5)
$15,000 TO $19,999 . . . . . .. 1.2 (8 (B) (3 1.6 (B) 0.6 (B) 1B) (3) (B) 0.4 (3)
$20,000 TO $24,999 . . . . . 0.5 (B) (B) (3) (B) (B) 18) (3) (B) (8)
$25,000 TO $49,999. . . . . . 0.1 (B) (B) (3) (B) 0.6 (B) (B) 3) ( B) ) (a)
$50,000 AND OVER . . . . .. (B) (P) (3) (B) (B) (B) (3) ) ( (9)

MEDIAN INCOME . . ... .DOLLARS. 4 748 (B) (R) (3) 5 865 (B) 4 941 (B) (B) 13) (B) 3 256 ()
MEAN INCOME . . . . .DOLLARS. 5 054 (8) (B (3) 6 078 (8 5 081 (B (B) (3) () 3 675 (B)

Table 17. INCOME IN 1976 OF SPANISH AND MEXICAN ORIGIN PERSONS 14 YEARS OLD AND OVER

BY RELATIONSHIP TO HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD AND SEX

(For the United States, March 1977. For meaning of symbols, see text)

TYPE OF SPANISH ORIGIN AND INCOME

SPANISH ORIGIN

TOTAL PERSONS. . . . .THOUSANDS.

TOTAL WITH INCOME .... THOUSANDS.
PERCENT. . . . . . . .

S1 TO $999 OR LOSS . . . . . . .
$1,000 TO $1,499 . . . . . . .
$1,500 TO $1,999 . . . . . . .
$2,000 TO $2,499 . . . . . . .
$2,500 TO $2,999 . . . . . . .
$3,000 TO $3,499 . . . . . . .
$3,500 TO $3,999 . . . . . . .
L4,000 TO $4,999 . . . . . . .
'5,000 TO $5,999 . . . . . . .
$6s000 TO $6,999. . . . .... . .
$7,000 TO $7,999 . . .. .
$8,000 TO $8,999 . . ............
$9,000 TO $9,999 . . . . . . .
$10,000 TO $11,999 . . . . . . .
$12,000 TO $14,999 . . . . . . .
$15,000 TO $19,999 . . . . . . .
120,000 TO $24,999 . . . . . . .
$25,000 TO $49,999 . . . . . . .
$50,000 AND OVER . . . . . . .

MEDIAN INCOME. ......... .DOLLARS.
MEAN INCOME. .... .... . .DOLLARS.

MEXICAN ORIGIN

TOTAL PERSONS ... ...... .THOUSANDS.

TOTAL WITH INCOME. .... .THOUSANDS.
PERCENT . . . . . . . .

$1 TO $999 OR LOSS . . . . . . .
$1,000 TO $1,499 . . . . . . .
$1,500 TO $1,999 . . . . . . .
$2,000 TO %2,499 . . . . . . .
$2,500 TO $2,999 . . . . . . .
$3,000 TO $3,499 . . . . . . .
$3,500 TO $3,999 . . . . . . .
$4,000 TO $4,999 . . . . . . .
$5,000 TO $5,999 . . . . . . .
$6,000 TO $6,999 . . . . . . .
$7,000 TO $7,999 . . . . . . .
$8,000 TO $8,999 . . .............
$9,000 TO $9,999 . . .............
$10,000 TO $11,999 . . . . . . .
$12,000 TO $14,999 . . . . . . .
$15,000 TO $19,999 . . . . . . .
$20,000 TO $24,999 . . . . . . .
$25,000 TO $49,999 . . . . . . .
$50,000 AND OVER . . . . . . .

MEDIAN INCOME ..
MEAN INCOME . .

.... DOLLARS.
. . . .DOLLARS.

TOTAL

MALE

____ I--

TOTAL

3 148 2 066

2 746 2 050
100.0 100.0

8.9 1.7
3.6 1.4
2.9 1.7
3.6 2.8
3.0 2.2
3.6 3.2
2.5 2.3
6.2 6.3
7.4 7.6
7.2 7.2
6.3 7.1
6.6 8.1
5.0 6.3
9.0 10.9
9.6 12.2
9.6 12.3
2.9 3.9
1.9 2.5
0.2 0.3

7 176 8 804
d 327 9 975

1 856 1 220

1 646 1 211
100.0 100.0

9.7 1.7
3.3 1.3
2.9 1.8
3.5 3.0
2.7 2.4
4.0 3.5
2.3 2.0
6.4 6.6
7.7 7.6
7.6 7.5
6.5 7.3
6. 9 8.4
5.0 6.4
9.1 11.2
9.3 11.Q
9.6 12.3
2.4 3.2
1.2 1.7
0.2 0.3

7 007 8 642
9 056 9 683

IN FAMILIES

HEAD
MARRIED, OTHER
WIFE MARITAL
PRESENT STATUS

1 978

1 963
100.0

1.7
1.3
1.8
2.7
2.3
2.9
2.3
6.1
7.4
7.3
7.1
8.1
6.4
11.0
12.5
12.3
3.9
2.6
0.3

8 880
10 057

1 166

1 158
100.0

1.7
1.2
1.8
3.0
2.5
3.0
2.0
6.5
7.4
7.7
7.P
S8.3
6.7
11.3
12.1
12. 3
3.3
1.7
0.3

8 714
9 756

88

86
100.0

0.7
4.,

5.4

10.1
2.1
10.9
11.4
5.3
8.5
6.9
4.5
8.9
5.9
12.6
2.4
0.4

7 007
8 099

55

53
(8)

(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
1B)
(B)
(B)
(8)
(B)
(B)
(B)

(8)
(B)

OTHER
RELA-
TIVE
OF
HEAD

UNRE-
LATED
INDI-
VIDUALS

TOTAL

FEMALE

IN FAMILIES

HEAD, OTHER
NO RELA-
HUS- WICE TIVE
BAND OF OF
PRESS. HEAD HEAD

___ I f r -r

1 082

696
100.0

30.4
10.0
6.3
5.8
5.1
4.7
3.3
5.9
6.9
7.2
4.0
2.5
1.0
3.3
1.7
1.8

0.1

2 288
3 478

635

435
100.0

32 1
8.9
5.7
4.9
3.7
5.4
3.2
5.8
7.8
7.8
4.3
2. 4
1.2
3.3
1.9
1.8

2 338
3 527

378

353
100.0

5.0
3.8
5.1
9.2
5.8
4.0
3.3
8.4
6.1
4.4
7.2
7.0
3.7
10.2
6.3
8.4
0.8
0.6

5 790
6 949

3 583

2 249
100.0

17.6
8.8
7.3
7.4
5.1
5.9
5.1
10.2
8.6
6.5
5.3
4.2
2.6
2.6
1.9
0.7
0.2
0.1

3 321
4 001

198 2 053

190 1 232
100.0 100.0

3.9 19.9
5.6 10.9
5.8 7.0
10.3 8.2
4.3 5.3
5.1 6.4
3.2 4.4
8.4 8.9
6.3 7.7
5.3 6.1
5.1 4.5
7.7 3.8
5.3 1.9
9.4 2.4
6.1 1.7
6.7 0.6
0.9 0.3
0.7

5 542 2 873
6 713 3 684

517

497
100.0

2.5
3.7
7.7
7.6
6.7
8.2
9.5
16.9
11.6
7.7
5.7
4.3
2.8
2.2
1.7
0.7
0.3

4 246
4 766

235

220
100.0

3.5
5.4
7.2
9.4
6.8
10.3
7.5
14.8
8.2
7.8
6.8
4.3
2.8
1.7
1.3
1.5
0.7

3 990
4 703

2 031

1 169
100.0

16.2
10.0
6.7
5.9
5.0
5.3
3.3
9.8
9.3
7.0
6.0
4.8
3.3
3.4
2.6
1.0
0.2
0.1

3 624
4 336

1 186

656
100.0

18.5
12.6
6.7
7 .1
5.4
5.2
2.4
8.7
9.0
7.2
4.1
4 .3
2.4
2.9
2.5
0.5
0.3

2 961
3 881

1 034

584
100.0

33.3
10.6
8.2
10.3
4.1
5.0
5.1
5.3

4.4
3.4
2.8
1.0
1.3
0.6
0.2

1 876
2 678

633

356
100.0

32.7
10.9
7.4
9.4
4.3
6.2
6.0
5.5
4.9
3.0
3.8
2 o
0.5
2.1
0.5
0.2

1 928
2 692

UNRE-
LATED
INDI-
VIDUALS

339

318
100.0

5.2
6.8
7.5
12.7
8.8
8.0
5.8
10.3
7.7
7.3
5.2
2.4
3.0
3.9
3.4
1.2
0.7
0.4

3 584
4 714

156

144
100.0

6.9
8.2
7.4
17.2
6.5
6.6
7.1
11.7
5.9
6.3
5.2
0.
2.4
2.7
2.3
1.1
1.0
0.6

3 292
4 358

~---

40

Table 18. CHARACTERISTICS OF SPANISH ORIGIN FAMILIES BY RESIDENCE, SIZE, TYPE OF FAMILY,

AND TYPE OF SPANISH ORIGIN

(For the United States, March 1977. For meaning of symbols, see text)

TYPE OF FAMILY BY ORIGIN

SPANISH ORIGIN MEXICAN ORIGIN PUERTO RICAN ORIGIN OTHER SPANISH ORIGIN?
CHARACTERISTICS
FEMALE FEMALE FEMALE FEMALE
HUS- HEADs NO HUS- HEAD, NO HUS- HEAD, NO HUS- HEAD, NO
BAND- HUSBAND BAND- HUSBAND BAND- HUSBAND BAND- HUSBAND
TOTAL' WIFE PRESENT TOTAL' WIFE PRESENT TOTAL WIFE PRESENT TOTAL' WIFE PRESENT

RESIDENCE

TOTAL FAMILIES. .THOUSANDS.
PERCENT . . . . .

IN METROPOLITAN AREAS . . .
IN CENTRAL CITIES . . . .
OUTSIDE CENTRAL CITIES . .
OUTSIDE METROPOLITAN AREAS . .

SIZE OF FAMILY

TOTAL FAMILIES. .THOUSANDS.
PERCENT . . . . .

2 PERSONS . . . . . .
3 PERSONS . . . . . .
4 PERSONS . . . . . .
5 PERSONS . . . . . .
6 PERSONS . . . . . .
7 OR MORE PERSONS .. . ....

PERSONS IN FAMILIES

TOTAL PERSONS IN FAMILIES
THOUSANDS.

MEAN NUMBER OF PERSONS. . .
UNDER 18 YEARS. . . . .
18 TO 64 YEARS. . . . .
65 YEARS AND OVER . . . .

MEAN NUMBER OF OWN CHILDREN
UNDER 18 YEARS . . . . .
OWN CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS .
OWN CHILDREN UNDER 3 YEARS. .

2 583
100.0

85.0
51.3
33.7
15.0

2 583
100.0

24.1
23.1
22.3
14.2
8.7
7.7

10 02?

3.88
1.67
2.07
0.13

1.57
0.55
0.27

1 978
100.0

83.7
47.5
36.2
16.3

1 978
100.0

20.8
20.9
23.9
15.5
10.0
8.9

8 009

4.05
1.69
2.23
0.13

1.60
0.58
0.29

517
100.0

89.5
66.7
22.8
10.5

517
100.0

31.7
29.6
18.3
11.2
5.1
4.1

1 767

3.42
1.82
1.49
0.10

1.66
0.52
0.22

1 455
100.0

79.5
44.4
35.1
20.5

1 455
100.0

20.7
21.1
21.3
16.4
10.2
10.3

5 .997

4.12
1.85
2.15
0.12

1.72
0.62
0.30

235
100.0

82.3
53.8
28.5
17.7

235
100.0

25.7
27.3
19.4
15.3
6.8
5.5

868

3.70
1.96
1.62
0.12

1.71
0.51
0.21

443
100.0

96.1
77.2
18.8
3.9

443
100.0

24.5
28.9
20.2
13.2
7.8
5.3

1 633

3.69
1.78
1.84
0.06

1.69
0.58
0.29

268
100.0

94.8
70.0
24.8
5.2

268
100.0

21.2
24.3
22.0
15.5
10.1
6.9

1 051

3.93
1.66
2.21
0.06

1.57
0.51
0.27

I _______ I. ___________ j -- I- ---- I- _ I-

'INCLUDES FAMILIES WITH ''MALE HEAD, NO WIFE PRESENT'I NOT SHOWN SEPARATELY.
'INCLUDES CUBAN, CENTRAL OR SOUTH AMERICAN, AND OTHER SPANISH ORIGIN.

686
100.0

89.5
49.4
40.1
10.5

545
100.01

88.7
46.3
42.4
11.31

117
100.0

92.4
61.8
30.6
7.6

686 545 117
100.0 100.0 100.0

30.9 26.41 47.7
23.3 22.1 25.0
25.65 28.5 16.3
10.33 11.9 4.2
5.9 6.9 2.3
3.9 4.2 3.6

2 395 1 983 350

3.49 3.64 2.98
1.24 1.27 1.25
2.06 2.17 1.57
0.20 0.21 0.16

1.19 1.23 1.18
0.39 0.44 0.22
0.1S 0.21 0.07

Table 19. FAMILY STATUS AND RELATIONSHIP TO HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD OF ALL PERSONS AND
PERSONS OF SPANISH ORIGIN BY TYPE OF SPANISH ORIGIN

(For the United States, March 1977. For meaning of symbols, see text)
SPANISH ORIGIN
FAMILY STATUS AND RELATIONSHIP TO
HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD TOTAL CENTRAL NOT OF
ALL "UERTO OR SOUTH OTHER SPANISH
PERSONS TOTAL MEXICAN RICAN CUBAN AMERICAN SPANISH ORIGIN

NUMBER

ALL PERSONS . . ..... 212 566 11 269 6 545 1 742 691 872 1 428 201 297
IN HOUSEHOLDS . . . . .. 211 957 11 230 6 527 1 742 677 858 1 426 200 727
HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD . .. .. 74 142 3 081 1 690 537 227 253 374 71 061
PRIMARY FAMILY HEAD .. .... 6 472 3 570 1 449 441 189 205 287 53 902
PRIMARY INDIVIDUAL.. . . 17 669 511 241 95 38 49 87 17 150
NOT HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD ..... 137 815 a 149 4 837 1 206 450 604 1 052 129 666
WIFE . . . . . ... 47 471 P 029 1 185 257 150 177 261 45 442
CHILD . . . . . .. 78 217 5 317 3 162 861 229 344 722 72 900
OTHER RELATIVE. .... . R 145 606 383 69 60 50 45 7 539
NONRELATIVE2. . . . .. 3 082 197 108 19 12 34 25 3 784
NOT IN HOUSEHOLDS . . . ... 609 39 18 4 14 2 57C

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

ALL PERSONS . . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
IN HOUSEHOLDS .. .. . .... 99.7 99.7 99.7 100.0 99.4 98.4 99.9 99.7
HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD . . ... 34.9 27.3 25.8 30.8 33.3 29.0 26.2 35.3
PRIMARY FAMILY HEAD . . . 26.6 22.8 22.1 25.3 27.7 23.4 20.1 26.8
PRIMARY INDIVIDUAL. . . 8.3 4.5 3.7 5.5 5.6 5.6 6.1 8.5
NOT HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD .... .64.8 72.3 73.9 69.2 66.1 69.3 73.7 64.4
WIFE. . . . . . .. 22.3 18.0 18.1 14.7 22.0 20.3 18.3 22.6
CHILD . . .. . . . 36.8 47.2 48.3 49.4 33.6 39.4 50.5 36.2
OTHER RELATIVE. . . ... 3.8 5.4 5.8 4.0 8.8 5.7 3.1 3.7
NONRELATIVE2. . . ...... 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.1 1.7 3.9 1.7 1.9
NOT IN HOUSEHOLDS . . . ... 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.6 1.6 0.1 0.3
'INCLUDES PERSONS WHO DID NOT KNOW OR DID NOT REPORT ON ORIGIN.
'INCLUDES SECONDARY FAMILY MEMBERS AND SECONDARY INDIVIDUALS.

42

Table 20. FAMILY STATUS AND RELATIONSHIP TO HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD OF ALL PERSONS AND PERSONS

OF SPANISH ORIGIN BY TYPE OF SPANISH ORIGIN, FOR THE FIVE SOUTHWESTERN STATES

(March 1977. Numbers in thousands)

Spanish origin
Family status and relation- Not of
ship to head of household Other Spanish
OtherTotal Total Mexican SpanishSpanish
Total Total Mexican Spanish' origin2

NUMBER

All persons...............
In households .................
Head.........................
Primary family head........
Primary individual.........
Not head of household........
Wife.......................
Child ......................
Other relative.............
Nonrelative3...............
Not in households..............

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

All persons...............
In households..................
Head .........................
Primary family head........
Primary individual.........
Not head of household........
Wife .......................
Child. .....................
Other relative.............
Nonrelative3...............
Not in households..............

39,941
39,778
14,402
10,512
3,889
25,377
8,864
13,886
1,507
1,120
163

100.0
99.6
36.1
26.3
9.7
63.5
22.2
34.8
3.8
2.8
0.4

6,670
6,658
1,788
1,495
292
4,870
1,215
3,143
389
123
12

100.0
99.8
26.8
22.4
4.4
73.0
18.2
47.1
5.8
1.8
0.2

974
969
283
214
69
685
192
424
39
32
5

5,695
5,688
1,504
1,282
223
4,183
1,024
2,718
351
92
7

100.0
99.9
26.4
22.5
3.9
73.5
18.0
47.7
6.2
1.6
0.1

33,271
33,120
12,614
9,017
3,597
20,507
7,649
10,743
1,118
997
151

100.0 100.0
99.5 99.5
29.1 37.9
22.0 27.1
7.1 10.8
70.3 61.6
19.7 23.0
43.5 32.3
4.0 3.4
3.3 3.0
0.5 0.5

'Includes Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, and other Spanish origin.
2Includes persons who did not know or did not report on origin.
3Includes secondary family members and secondary individuals.

43

Table 21. PERSONS IN HOUSEHOLDS WITH HEAD OF SPANISH AND

MEXICAN ORIGIN BY FAMILY STATUS AND AGE

(For the United States, March 1977. For meaning of symbols, see text)
S_____AGE OF HEAD (YEARS)
SUBJECT
UNDER 25 TO 30 TO 35 TO 45 TO 55 TO 65 TO 75 AND
TOTAL 25 29 34 44 54 64 74 OVER

SPANISH ORIGIN

HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE

ALL HOUSEHOLDS. . .THOUSANDS. 3 081 368 461 418 686 535 328 189 96
PERCENT ............ . 100.0 100.0 100.0 103.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

PRIMARY FAMILIES . . . . ... 83.4 79.0 83.4 88.7 92.3 86.7 77.5 63.6 54.9
HUSBAND-WIFE. .64.1 56.8 63.8 71 3 71.0 65.5 62.6 50.8 37.0
MALE HEAD, NO WIFE PRESENT. .. .. 2.8 4.7 1.9 1.8 2.4 3.4 2.3 2.7 3.7
FEMALE HEAD, NO HUSBAND PRESENT . 16.5 17.6 17.7 15.5 18.9 17.8 12.6 10.1 14.2
PRIMARY INDIVIDUALS . . . . . 16.6 210 16.6 11.3 7.7 13.3 22.5 36.4 45.1
MALE ............... .. 8.4 11.6 10.5 8.3 4.6 7.3 6.5 11.1 21.4
FEMALE. .............. 8.2 9.3 6.2 3.1 3.0 6.0 16.0 25.3 23.6

AGE OF HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS

ALL MEMBERS . . .THOUSANDS. 10 696 992 1 490 1 630 3 006 1 975 994 418 192
PERCENT . .. . . ...... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

UNDER 18 YEARS .. . . ...... 40.7 33.4 43.9 51.4 51.4 34.8 22.9 12.7 6.8
18 TO 64 YEARS. 5. .. ... 5.0 66.6 55.8 48.1 47.8 63.6 74.3 31.9 25.3
65 YEARS AND OVER . .. . . . 4.3 0.3 0.4 0.8 1.6 2.8 55.4 67.9

MEMBERS OF HUSBAND-WIFE HOUSE-
HOLDS . . . .THOUSANDS. 8 024 622 1 069 1 309 2 373 1 529 765 264 92
PERCENT . . . ... . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

UNDER 18 YEARS . . . . . ... 41.6 33.4 41.9 51.9 51.9 35.7 24.6 12.7 6.8
18 TO 64 YEARS .... . . . 55.1 66.6 58.0 47.8 47.5 62.9 72.6 36.4 23.9
65 YEARS AND OVER . . . . . 3.2 0.1 0.3 0.6 1.4 2.8 50.9 69.4

MEMBERS OF HOUSEHOLDS WITH FEMALE
HEAD, NO HUSBAND PRESENT
THOUSANDS. 2 061 243 329 242 532 347 181 118 69
PERCENT ...... . . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (B)

UNDER 18 YEARS. . .. . .... 45.6 47.5 59.3 61.9 55.2 38.1 17.4 13.6 (B)
18 TO 64 YEARS . . . . . . 48.1 52.5 39.7 38.1 44.1 59.7 79.6 28.1 (B)
65 YEARS AND OVER . . . . .. 6.3 1.0 0.7 2.1 3.1 58.2 (B)

MEXICAN ORIGIN

HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE
ALL HOUSEHOLDS. . .THOUSANDS. 1 690 225 264 232 375 269 167 102 56
PERCENT . . .. ..... . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (B)

PRIMARY FAMILIES. . . . . . 85.7 83.7 85.5 90.0 94.5 89.1 82.3 62.7 (B)
HUSBAND-WIFE. ...... 68.9 62.7 74.0 76.9 75.1 68.6 68.0 49.8 (B)
MALE HEAD, NO WIFE PRESENT. .. .. 3.2 6.7 2.0 1.8 2.5 4.6 1.9 2.7 (8)
FEMALE HEAD, NO HUSBAND PRESENT . 13.6 14.4 9.5 11.4 16.9 15.9 12.4 10.1 (B)
PRIMARY INDIVIDUALS . . . . 14.3 16.3 145 10.0 5 5 10.9 177 373 B)
MALE........... 7.9 11.5 9.8 7.4 3.8 6.2 5.5 12.4 (B)
FEMALE. ....... ........ 6.4 4.7 4.7 2.6 1.6 4.7 12.2 24.9 (B)

AGE OF HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS

ALL MEMBERS . .THOUSANDS.. 336 653 892 975 1 778 1 114 562 248 114
PERCENT . . ....... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

UNDER 18 YEARS. . . . . . 42.7 34.1 42.6 53.3 53.8 39.1 24.7 16.9 8.3
18 TO 64 YEARS . .. . . . 53.5 65.9 57.0 46.4 45.7 59.9 71.6 33.8 28.2
65 YEARS AND OVER .. . . . 38 0.4 0.2 0.5 1.0 3.7 49.3 63.5

MEMBERS OF HUSBAND-WIFE HOUSE-
HOLDS ...... ..THOUSANDS. 4 982 440 731 816 1 451 894 444 154 51
PERCENT ........... . . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (B)

UNDER 18 YEARS .... . . . . 44.2 35.5 43.1 54.0 54.4 39.9 25.7 16.5 (B)
18 TO 64 YEARS. .53.2 64.5 56.7 45.9 45.2 59.6 70.4 38.0 (B)
65 YEARS AND OVER . . .. .... 2.6 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.5 3.9 45.6 (B)

MEMBERS OF HOUSEHOLDS WITH FEMALE
HEAD, NO HUSBAND PRESENT
THOUSANDS. 999 115 111 117 272 167 98 74 46
PERCENT .. ... ...... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (B) (B)

UNDER 18 YEARS . ... . . . 46.2 52.3 53.8 63.3 56.8 43.3 20.9 (B) (B)
18 TO 64 YEARS. . .. ... 46.8 47.7 44.8 36.7 42.8 54.7 75.5 (B) (B)
65 YEARS AND OVER ........... 7.0 1.3 0.4 1.9 3.6 B) (B)

44

Table 22. HUSBAND-WIFE HOUSEHOLDS BY ORIGIN OF HUSBAND AND ORIGIN OF WIFE

(For the United States, March 1977. For meaning of symbols, see text)

I ORIGIN OF HUSBAND

ORIGIN OF WIFE

NUMBER

TOTAL, ALL PERSONS. . . . .

TOTAL, SPANISH ORIGIN . . . . .
MEXICAN . . . . . . . .
PUERTO RICAN. . . . . . .
CUBAN . . . . . . . .
CENTRAL OR SOUTH AMERICAN .. ...
OTHER SPANISH . . . . . .

OTHER ORIGIN. . . . . . . .
00 NOT KNOW AND NOT REPORTED ON ORIGIN.

PERCENT BY ORIGIN OF HUSBAND

TOTAL, ALL PERSONS. . . . .

TOTAL, S'ANISH ORIGIN . . . .
MEXICAN . . . . . . . .
PUERTO RICAN. . . . . . .
CUBAN . . . . . . . .
CENTRAL OR SOUTH AMERICAN .. ...
OTHER SPANISH . . . . . ...

OTHER ORIGIN. . . . . . . .
00 NOT KNOW AND NOT REPORTED ON ORIGIN.

PERCENT BY ORIGIN OF WIFE

TOTAL, ALL PERSONS. . . .. .

TOTAL, SPANISH ORIGIN . . . .
MEXICAN . . .. . . . .
PUERTO RICAN. . . . . . .
CUBAN . . . . . . .
CENTRAL OR SOUTH AMERICAN .. ...
OTHER SPANISH . . . . . .

OTHER ORIGIN. . . . . . . .
DO NOT KNOW AND NOT REPORTED ON ORIGIN.

SPANISH ORIGIN DO NOT
KNOW
TOTAL CENTRAL AND NOT
ALL PUERTO OR SOUTH OTHER OTHER REPORTED
PERSONS TOTAL MEXICAN RICAN CUBAN AMERICAN SPANISH ORIGIN ON ORIGIN

47 471 1 975 1 165 268 150 167 226 44 110 1 386

2 029 1 626 1 007 231 141 134 112 396 7
1 185 1 011 990 7 1 6 7 171 2
257 228 1 210 3 9 5 27 1
150 137 1 1 131 2 2 12 1
177 135 4 11 5 111 4 42 -
261 115 11 3 2 4 95 143 3

44 203 341 153 35 9 32 111 43 270 593
1 239 9 4 1 2 444 786

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

4.3 82.3 86.5 86.4 94.0 80.0 49.8 0.9 0.5
2.5 51.2 85.0 2.6 0.6 3.9 3.0 0.4 0.1
0.5 11.6 0.1 78.5 1.7 5.6 2.4 0.1 0.1
0.3 6.9 0.1 0.3 87.2 1.5 0.7 0.1
0.4 6.8 0.3 4.0 3.4 66.7 1.7 0.1
0.6 5.8 1.0 1.1 1.1 2.3 42.1 0.3 0.2

93.1 17.2 13.2 13.2 6.0 19.0 49.3 98.1 42.8
2.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.0 0.8 1.0 56.7

100.0 4.2 2.5 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.5 92.9 2.9

100.0 80.1 49.6 11.4 7.0 6.6 5.5 19.5 0.4
100.0 85.4 83.6 0.6 0.1 0.5 0.6 14.5 0.2
100.0 89.0 0.4 81.8 1.0 3.7 2.1 10.5 0.5
100.0 91.3 0.6 0.5 87.5 1.7 1.1 8.1 0.5
100.0 76.2 2.1 6.0 2.9 63.0 2.1 23.8
100.0 44.0 4.3 1.1 0.7 1.5 36.4 54.8 1.2

100.0 0.8 0.3 3.1 0.1 0.3 97.9 1.3
100.0 0.7 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 35.8 63.5

Table 23. HUSBAND-WIFE HOUSEHOLDS BY ORIGIN OF HUSBAND AND ORIGIN OF WIFE, FOR
THE FIVE SOUTHWESTERN STATES

(March 1977. Numbers in thousands)

Origin of husband

Spanish origin Do not
Origin of wifeTotal, know and
all Other Other not reported
origins Total Mexican Spanish' origin on origin

NUMBER

Total, all origins................... 8,864 1,193 1,020 173 7,550 120

Total, Spanish origin................... .... 1,215 1,027 916 111 185 3
Mexican .................................. 1,024 919 902 17 103 1
Other Spanish............................. 192 108 15 92 82 2
Other origin................ ............... 7,542 163 102 60 7,313 66
Do not know and not reported on origin..... 107 3 2 2 52 51

PERCENT BY ORIGIN OF HUSBAND

Total, all origins................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total, Spanish origin...................... 13.7 86.1 89.8 64.2 2.5 2.5
Mexican................................. 11.6 77.0 88.4 9.8 1.4 0.8
Other Spanishl........................... 2.2 9.1 1.5 53.2 1.1 1.7
Other origin............................... 85.1 13.7 10.0 34.7 96.9 55.0
Do not know and not reported on origin..... 1.2 0.3 0.2 1.2 0.7 42.5

PERCENT BY ORIGIN OF WIFE

Total, all origins................... 100.0 13.5 11.5 2.0 85.2 1.4

Total, Spanish origin ...................... 100.0 84.5 75.4 9.1 15.2 0.2
Mexican.................................. 100.0 89.7 88.1 1.7 10.1 0.1
Other Spanishi........................... 100.0 56.3 7.8 47.9 42.7 1.0
Other origin............................... 100.0 2.2 1.4 0.8 97.0 0.9
Do not know and not reported on origin..... 100.0 2.8 1.9 1.9 48.6 47.7

'Includes Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, and other Spanish origin.

Table 24. FAMILY RELATIONSHIP AND PRESENCE OF PARENTS FOR PERSONS OF SPANISH AND

MEXICAN ORIGIN UNDER 18 YEARS OLD BY AGE

(For the United States, March 1977. For meaning of symbols, see text)

TYPE OF SPANISH ORIGIN, PRESENCE OF
PARENTS, AND FAMILY RELATIONSHIP

PERSONS OF SPANISH ORIGIN

TOTAL ..... .. THOUSANDS.
PERCENT . .. . . . .

IN FAMILIES . . . . . . .
CHILD OF FAMILY HEAD. .. ....
GRANDCHILD OF FAMILY HEAD .. ..
OTHER RELATIVE OF FAMILY HEAD .
LIVING WITH BOTH PARENTS, . . .
CHILD OF FAMILY HEAD . . .. .
GRANDCHILD OF FAMILY HEAD . ..
OTHER RELATIVE OF FAMILY HEAD .
LIVING WITH MOTHER ONLY . . .
CHILD OF FAMILY HEAD .. .....
GRANDCHILD OF FAMILY HEAD .. ..
OTHER RELATIVE OF FAMILY HEAD ,
LIVING WITH FATHER ONLY . . . .
CHILD OF FAMILY HEAD. .......
GRANDCHILD OF FAMILY HEAD ......
OTHER RELATIVE OF FAMILY HEAD .
LIVING WITH NEITHER PARENT. . . .
NOT IN FAMILIES . . . . . .

PERSONS OF MEXICAN ORIGIN

TOTAL . . .. ..THOUSANDS. .
PERCENT . . . . . .

IN FAMILIES . . . . . . .
CHILD OF FAMILY HEAD, .. . ...
GRANDCHILD OF FAMILY HEAD .. ..
OTHER RELATIVE OF FAMILY HEAD .
LIVING WITH BOTH PARENTS. . . .
CHILD OF FAMILY HEAD. .. ...
GRANDCHILD OF FAMILY HEAD .. ..
OTHER RELATIVE OF FAMILY HEAD . .
LIVING WITH MOTHER ONLY . . . .
CHILD OF FAMILY HEAD . . ...
GRANDCHILD OF FAMILY HEAD .. ..
OTHER RELATIVE OF FAMILY HEAD .
LIVING WITH FATHER ONLY . . .
CHILD OF FAMILY HEAD . . ...
GRANDCHILD OF FAMILY HEAD .. ..
OTHER RELATIVE OF FAMILY HEAD . .
LIVING WITH NEITHER PARENT. . . .
NOT IN FAMILIES . . . . .

'EXCLUDES MALES WHO ARE FAMILY HEADS

TOTAL'
UNDER
18 YEARS

UNDER 3

3 TO 5

AGE (YEARS)

6 TO 9

10 TO 13

--- -I I- I- F~-

4 735
100.0

99.8
94.8
1.7
3.2
76.9
76.0
0.7
0.2
19.5
18.2
0.9
0.5
0.8
0.7
0.1

2.5
0.2

2 837
100.0

99.9
93.9
2.2
3.7
80.5
79.2
1.0
0.3
15.8
14,1
1.1
0.6
0.8
0.6
0.2

2.8
0.1

845
100.0

100.0
91.8
3.9
4.3
80.3
77.9
1.9
0.5
16.4
13.5
1.9
1.0
0.4
0.4
0.1

2.9

531
100.0

100.0
90.8
4.7
4.5
84.3
81.0
2.6
0.7
12.9
9.4
2.C
1.5
0.5
0.3
0.1

2.3

860
100.0

100.0
94.1
2.7
3.2
77.7
76.3
1.1
0.3
19.4
17.8
1.0
0.6
0.5

0.5

2.4

524
100.0

100.0
92.5
3.5
4.1
81.0
79.0
1.6
0.4
15.7
13.5
1.3
0.9
0.6

0.6

2.7

1 066
100.0

100.0
95.7
1.2
3.1
77.1
76.6
0.4
0.2
19.3
18.5
0.7
0.1
0.7
0.6
0.1

2.8

605
100.0

100.0
94.4
1.5
4.0
82.3
81.5
0.5
0.3
13.8
12.6
0.9
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.1

3.6

1 050
100.0

100.0
96.7
0.7
2.6
76.9
76.5
0.2
0.2
20 .1
19.2
0.6
0.3
0.9
0.9

2.1
2.1'

14 TO 17

914
100.0

98.7
95.2
0.7
2.0
72.8
72.5
0.2
0.1
22.2
21.2
0.4
0.5
1.5
1.4
0.1

2.2
1.3

622 555
100.0 100.0

100.0 99.3
95.7 95.6
1.0 0.9
3.3 2.8
79.2 75.,
78.6 75.6
0.2 0.3
0.3
17.3 19.4
16.3 i 18.6
0.8 0.5
0.3 0.4
0.8 1.6
0.8 1.4
0.1

2.7 2.4
0.7

AND FEMALES WHO ARE EITHER FAMILY HEADS OR WIVES OF FAMILY HEADS.

47

Table 25. INCOME IN 1976 OF SPANISH AND MEXICAN ORIGIN FAMILIES BY TYPE OF FAMILY

(For the United States, March 1977. For meaning of symbols, see text)
Families

Male head

Type of Spanish origin Married, wife present
and income
Wife not in Other
Wife in paid paid labor marital Female
Total Total Total labor force force status head

SPANISH ORIGIN

Number.............................. thousands.. 2,583 2,066 1,978 795 1,182 88 517
Percent .............................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Under $2,000................................ 3.5 2.1 2.1 1.4 2.5 1.8 9.1
$2,000 to $2,999.............. .............. 3.6 2.1 2.2 0.8 3.0 1.0 9.4
$3,000 to $3,999.... ........ ........ ....... 6.4 3.6 3.5 1.3 5.0 6.8 17.3
$4,000 to $4,999........................... 5.7 3.8 3.7 1.6 5.0 7.9 13.0
$5,000 to $6,999........................... 12.5 10.8 10.9 4.8 15.1 9.2 19.4
$7,000 to $7,999 ...... .................... 5.7 5.6 5.5 3.6 6.8 9.2 6.2
$8,000 to $9,999........................... 11.3 12.2 12.0 10.2 13.3 18.5 7.3
$i0,000 to $14,999 ......................... 21.5 24.0 24.2 26.7 22.6 17.9 11.5
$15,000 to $24,999......................... 23.1 27.4 27.6 38.0 20.6 20.2 5.7
$25,000 and over........................... 7.0 8.4 8.4 12.1 6.0 7.5 1.2

Median income..................... dollars.. 10,259 11,820 11,905 14,941 9,898 9,350 5,118
Mean income....................... dollars.. 12,060 13,429 13,492 16,162 11,695 12,019 6,595

MEXICAN ORIGIN

Number..................... ......thousands.. 1,455 1,220 1,166 444 722 55 235
Percent .............................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (B) 100.0

Under $2,000. ............................... .... 3.3 1.9 1.9 1.1 2.2 (B) 10.7
$2,000 to $2,999.............. ........... .. 3.5 2.3 2.3 0.9 3.3 (B) 9.6
$3,000 to $3,999..................... .... ... 5.7 3.7 3.5 2.0 4.6 (B) 16.0
$4,000 to $4,999........... .............. ... 4.9 4.0 3.8 2.0 4.8 (B) 9.4
$5,000 to $6,999..... ...................... 12.2 11.3 11.4 5.2 15.2 (B) 17.2
$7,000 to $7,999................... ........6.5 6.2 6.1 4.1 7.2 (B) 7.9
$8,000 to $9,999........... .... ............. 12.1 12.8 12.5 11.3 13.4 (B) 8.4
$10,000 to $14,999......................... 22.6 24.7 24.8 27.9 23.4 (B) 11.4
$15,000 to $24,999......................... 22.8 25.8 26.2 35.1 20.6 (B) 7.8
$25,000 and over............. .. ............ 6.3 7.3 7.2 10.6 5.3 (B) 1.8

Median income.....................dollars.. 10,322 11,270 11,335 14,194 9,876 (B) 5,559
Mean income.......................dollars.. 11,955 12,899 12,952 15,210 11,565 (B) 7,041

Table 26. INCOME IN 1976 OF ALL FAMILIES AND SPANISH ORIGIN FAMILIES BY SIZE OF FAMILY
AND TYPE OF SPANISH ORIGIN

(For the United States, March 1977. For meaning of symbols, see text)

Origin and size of family

1-

Total families, all origins......
2 person families .....................
3 person families......................
4 person families......................
5 person families......................
6 person families......................
7 or more person families..............

Total families, Spanish origin.....
2 person families .....................
3 person families......................
4 person families......................
5 person families......................
6 person families......................
7 or more person families..............

Families of Mexican origin.........
2 person families......................
3 person families......................
4 person families......................
5 person families......................
6 person families ......................
7 or more person families..............

Families of Puerto Rican origin....
2 person families......................
3 person families......................
4 person families ......................
5 person families......................
6 person families ......................
7 or more person families..............

Families of other Spanish origin'..
2 person families......................
3 person families......................
4 person families......................
5 person families......................
6 person families......................
7 or more person families..............

Total families, not of Spanish
origin ...........................
2 person families......................
3 person families......................
4 person families......................
5 person families......................
6 person families......................
7 or more person families..............

See footnotes at end of table.

Total
(thou-
sands) Percent

56,710 100.0
21,530 100.0
12,472 100.0
11,483 100.0
6,209 100.0
2,800 100.0
2,216 100.0

2,583 100.0
622 100.0
595 100.0
575 100.0
367 100.0
224 100.0
200 100.0

1,455 100.0
301 100.0
307 100.0
310 100.0
238 100.0
149i 100.0
149 100.0

443 100.0
109 100.0
128 100.0
90 100.0
59, (B)
35 (B)
24 (B)

686 100.0
212 100.0
160 100.0
175 100.0
71 (B)
41 (B)
28 (B)

54,126 100.0
20,908 100.0
11,877 100.0
10,908 100.0
5,842 100.0
2,576 100.0
2,016 100.0

i
$2

39,000 $10,000
to to
I9,999 210,999

$2,000 $3,000 $4,000 $5,000 $6,000 $7,000 $8,000
under to to to to to to to
,000 $2,999 $3,999 $4,999 $5,999 $6,999 $7,999 $8,999

2.0 1.9 3.1 3.4 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.1
2.4 2.7 4.7 5.1 5.8 5.6 5.1 5.1
2.2 2.0 2.9 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.7 4.4
1.3 1.0 1.8 2.1 2.5 2.3 2.5 3.3
1.2 1.1 1.5 2.2 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.6
1.6 1.2 1.3 2.0 2.2 2.6 3.8 2.6
1.4 1.3 1.5 2.2 3.4 4.5 3.3 i 3.2

3.5 3.6 6.4 5.7 6.1 6.4 5.7 5.8
4.3 6.9 11.1 7.1 7.1 8.7 6.8 5.6
4.2 4.2 8.1 5.9 6.1 5.2 6.2 6.9
3.7 1.6 4.9 5.4 i 6.3 4.9 3.5 4.9
3.3 1.4 3.0 5.4 4.9 6.8 4.9 4.9
1.8 2.2 2.7 2.7 5.8 5.8 8.9 7.1
0.5 2.5 1.5 5.5 5.0 7.5 6.5 5.0

3.3 3.5 5.7 4.9 5.6 6.6 6.5 6.3
4.0 6.6 11.0 8.6 7.6 7.6 8.3 5.6
3.3 4.2 6.5 4.2 6.8 6.5 6.5 6.8
3.9 1.3 4.5 2.9 6.5 5.5 4.5 6.5
3.8 1.7 3.8 4.6 3.4 7.1 5.9 5.5
2.0 2.7 2.7 0.7 3.4 4.0 9.4 8.7
0.7 3.4 1.3 6.7 3.4 8.7 4.7 4.7

5.0 4.7 11.9 10.5 8.3 7.0 3.8 6.0
9.2 7.3 17.4 4.6 2.8 6.4 5.5 6.4
6.3 6.3 17.2 14.1 7.8 3.9 3.1 10.2
2.2 3.3 11.1 14.4 12.2 7.8 1.1 1.1
(B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) () (B)
(B) (B) (B) (B) i (B) (B) (B) (B)
(B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)

2.9 3.1 4.2 4.1 5.8 5.7 5.4 4.5
2.4 6.6 8.0 5.7 8.0 11.3 4.7 5.2
3.8 2.5 3.1 2.5 3.8 3.1 8.1 3.8
4.0 1.7 2.3 4.6 3.4 2.9 3.4 4.6
(B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)
(B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)
(B) (B) (B) (B) (B) ( (B) (B) (B)

1.9 1.8 2.9 3.3 3.8 3.8 3.8 4.0
2.4 2.6 4.5 5.0 5.8 5.5 5.1 5.1
2.1 1.9 2.6 2.5 2.9 3.2 3.6 4.3
1.2 1.0 1.6 1.9 2.3 2.1 2.5 3.2
1.1 1.1 1.4 2.0 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.4
1.6 1.1 1.2 2.0 1.9 2.3 3.3 2.2
1.4 1.1 1.5 1.9 3.3 4.2 3.0 3.1

Table 26. INCOME IN 1976 OF ALL FAMILIES AND SPANISH ORIGIN FAMILIES BY SIZE OF FAMILY

AND TYPE OF SPANISH ORIGIN-Continued

Origin and size of family

---I

Total families, all origins......
2 person families.....................
3 person families ......................
4 person families......................
5 person families......................
6 person families......................
7 or more person families...............

Total families, Spanish origin.....
2 person families......................
3 person families......................
4 person families......................
5 person families.....................
6 person families......................
7 or more person families..............

Families of Mexican origin.........
2 person families......................
3 person families ......................
4 person families....................
5 person families......................
6 person families......................
7 or more person families..............

Families of Puerto Rican origin....
2 person families.....................
3 person families......................
4 person families......................
5 person families......................
6 person families......................
7 or more person families..............

Families of other Spanish origin'..
2 person families............... .....
3 person families.....................
4 person families......................
5 person families............... .....
6 person families.....................
7 or more person families...............

Total families, not of Spanish
origin2..........................
2 person families... ..............
3 person families... ................
4 person families......................
5 person families... ............
6 person families ....................
7 or more person families..............

(For the United States, March 1977. For meaning of symbols, see text)

$11,000 $12,000
to to
$11,999 $12,999

3.9 4.1
4.0 4.3
4.3 4.4
3.6 3.8
3.6 3.5
3.5 4.1
4.3 4.9

4.4 4.6
3.5 3.5
4.0 4.5
5.6 4.2
3.3 5.4
5.8 6.3
5.5 5.0

5.0 4.5
3.3 4.0
4.9 4.2
7.7 2.3
4.2 5.0
4.0 8.1
4.7 6.0

3.3 3.3
2.8 0.9
3.1 3.1
2.2 6.7
(B) (B)
(B) (B)
(B) (B)

3.8 5.4
4.2 4.7
3.1 5.6
3.4 5.7
(B) (B)
(B) (B)
(B) (B)

3.9 4.1
4.0 4.3
4.3 4.4
3.5 3.8
3.6 3.4
3.4 3.8
4.2 4.9

' '

r r T ~

$25,000
to
$49,999

$14,000 $15,000 $16,000 $17,000 $18,000 $20,000
to to to to to to
$14,999 $15,999 $16,999 $17,999 $19,999 $24,999

$13,000
to
$13,999

4.1
4.1
4.4
3.8
4.2
3.7
4.0

4.0
2.9
4.2
4.2
5.4
2.7
4.5

3.9
1.7
5.2
3.9
5.0
3.4
4.0

4.2
3.7
2.3
3.3
(B)
(B)

4.1
4.7
3.8
4.6
(B)
(B)
(B)

4.1
4.1
4.4
3.8
4.2
3.8
4.0

4.5

6.9
5.6
7.1
8.4
7.9
7.3
6.9

5.4
4.0
5.7
7.3
4.9
4.9
4.5

5.4
4.3
5.9
7.4
5.0
4.7
5.4

2.9
2.8
0.8
3.3
(B)
(B)
(B)

7.0
4.2
9.4
9.1
(B)
(B)
(B)

7.0
5.7
7.2
8.4
8.1
7.5
7.1

12.9 15.9
9.8 10.5
13.1 15.9
16.6 19.5
15.5 22.3
15.2 22.9
12.2 22.5

7.7 6.6
5.0 3.2
8.11 4.9
9.9 9.0
6.8 9.0
8.9 8.0
9.0 8.0

7.3 6.0
5.0 2.3
6.5 5.2
8.7 8.1
8.4 6.7
8.1 9.4
8.1 6.0

6.8 3.8
6.4 4.6
7.0 1.6
8.9 5.6
(B) (B)
(B) (B)
(B) (B)

9.0 9.3
4.2 4.2
11.9 7.5
12.6 12.6
(B) (B)
(B) (B)
(B) (B)

13.2 16.3
10.0 10.8
13.4 16.4
16.9 20.0
16.1 23.1
15.8 24.2
12.6 24.0

'Includes Cuban, Central or South American, and other Spanish origin.
2Includes families with head who did not know or did not report on origin.

3.8
3.4
4.0
4.4
3.9
3.7
3.5

I

$50,000 Median Mean
and income income
over (dols.) (dols.)

1.9 14,958 16,870
1.3 12,091 14,229
1.7 15,085 16,848
2.3 17,315 18,977
3.1 17,756 19,847
3.5 17,760 20,308
2.3 16,521 19,047

0.4 10,259 12,060
0.2 7,732 9,813
0.2 9,632 11,259
0.3 11,764 13,384
0.8 11,839 13,424
1.3 11,647 13,683
11,302 13,306

0.3 10,322 11,955
0.3 7,532 9,687
0.3 9,722 11,266
11,303 12,950
1.3 11,340 13,051
S 12,109 13,472
S 11,060 12,624

0.2 7,669 9,762
7,374 9,106
S 5,840 8,050
6,935 10,466
(B) (B) (B)
(B) (B) (B)
(B) (B) (B)

0.6 12,135 13,768
8,636 10,358
12,889 13,810
1.1 13,438 15,646
(B) (B) (B)
(B) (B) (B)
(B) (B) (B)

2.0 15,176 17,099
1.3 12,230 14,360
1.8 15,326 17,128
2.4 17,546 19,272
3.3 18,136 20,250
3.7 18,289 20,885
2.6 17,151 19,617

50

Table 27. INCOME IN 1976 OF SPANISH, MEXICAN, AND PUERTO RICAN ORIGIN FAMILIES BY NUMBER
OF RELATED CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS OLD
(For the United States, March 1977. For meaning of symbols, see text)

TYPE OF SPANISH ORIGIN TOTAL $2,000 $3,000 $4,000 $5,000 $6,000 $7,000 $8,000 $9,000 $10,000 $11,000
AND NUMBER OF RELATED (THOU- PER- UNDER TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO
CHILDREN SANDS) CENT $?,000 $2,999 $3,999 $4,999 $5,999 $6,999 $7,999 $8,999 $9,999 $10,999 $11,999

SPANISH ORIGIN

TOTAL FAMILIES . 2 583 100.0 3.5 3.6 6.4 5.7 6.1 6.4 5.7 5.8 5.5 5.2 4.4
NO CHILDREN . . . 684 100.0 2.4 4.1 6.6 4.4 6.6 6.9 6.6 6.1 4.5 5.0 3.7
1 CHILD. . . ... 619 100.0 4.3 3.8 7.7 4.9 5.2 6.1 5.1 6.4 5.6 4.8 5.0
2 CHILDREN . . . .. 592 100.0 3.8 3.9 7.5 6.1 4.9 5.6 4.2 4.5 5.5 5.2 4.8
3 CHILDREN . . ... . 371 100.n 3.5 1.8 3.7 7.4 6.8 5.8 5.0 5.1 6.6 4.8 2.9
4 CHILDREN . . . .. 178 100.0 5.6 3.3 5.4 6.7 9.3 6.3 8.7 7.6 6.0 6.2 5.4
5 CHILDREN .. .. 80 100.0 1.8 3.4 2.3 5.3 7.6 10.1 11.5 5.0 8.5 5.7 7.1
6 OR MORE CHILDREN . . 60 (8) (B) (B) (8) (B) (B) (B) (8) (B) (B) (b) (B)
I I

MEXICAN ORIGIN

TOTAL FAMILIES . 1455 100.0 3.3 3.5 5.7 4.9 5.6 6.6 6.5 6.3 5. 5.8 5.0
NO CHILDREN . . ... 343 100.0 1.6 4.1 7.8 5.7 7.3 5.9 6.9 6.9 4.2 5.5 3.4
1 CHILD. . ... . 332 100.0 3.9 4.0 6.5 4.5 5.1 6.3 6.6 6.0 6.4 4.7 6.1
2 CHILDREN . . . . 324 100.0 3.0 3.1 4.5 4.0 6.4 7.1 5.0 5.4 5.2 6. 7.1
3 CHILDREN . . . . 235 100.0 5.1 1.9 4.3 4.3 3.5 6.0 5.8 5.6 7.0 5.5 3.
4 CHILDREN . . . . 121 100.0 5.1 3.3 6.1 3.1 4.0 5.2 10.6 10.5 7.4 5.8 4.6
5 CHILDREN . . . . 58 ( ) (B) (B) (B ( ) (B) (8) (B) () ( (B) (B)
6 OR MORE CHILDREN . . 4 (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) ( (B) ( ) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)

PJERTO RICAN ORIGIN

TOTAL FAMILIES . 443 100.0 5.0 4.7 11.9 10.5 8.3 7.0 3.8 6.0 4.8 4.5 3.3
NO CHILDREN . . ... 92 100.0 6.3 7.8 6.3 2.6 5.8 4.4 5.3 7.1 7.0 8.8 3.9
1 CHILD. . . ...... 118 100.0 7.2 6.1 15.3 6.5 6.0 8.5 1.6 11.4 4.2 3.6 3.
2 CHILDREN . . . . 112 100.0 4.0 7.6 21.3 14.4 4.0 4.4 4.4 1.5 2.2 3.1 2.0
3 CHILDREN . ..... . 63 (B) (B) ( (B) (8) (B) (() (B) (B) (8) (B) (B) (B)
4 CHILDREN . . . . 34 (4) (H) (B) ( (B ) (B) (B) (B) ( ( ) ( ) (B) (B)
5 CHILDREN . . . 1 ( ) ( ) ( (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (6) (B) (E)
6 OR MORE CHILDREN . . 13 (9) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)

--CONTINUED

$12,000 $13,000 $14,000 $15,000 $1600 000$17,000 $18,000 $20,000 $25,000 $50,000 MEDIAN MEAN
TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO AND INCOME INCOME
$12,999 913,909 $14,999 $1999 99 $16,999 $17,999 $19,999 $24,999 $49,999 OVER (00LS.) (DOLS.)

SPANISH ORIGIN

TOTAL FAMILIES . 4.6 4.0 3.3 3.8 3.1 3.1 5.4 7.7 6.6 0.4 10 259 12 060
NO CHILDREN . . . 4.2 3.4 3.2 3.4 2.9 3.8 5.9 8.6 7.3 0.5 10 352 12 562
1 CHILD . . . . 4.71 5.1 2.6 3.7 2.2i 2.2 5.0 7.8 7.4 0.3 10 181 11 965
2 CHILDREN . . . 4.4 3.0 3.3 3.4 4.3 3.3 6.4 8.1 7.4 0.3 10 749 12 313
3 CHILDREN . . . 4.6 5.8 4.8 5.1 3.1 4.1 5.8 7.3 5.41 0.4 10 876 12 296
4 CHILDREN . . . 5.9 3.4 4.3 0.7 2.5 1.8 4.2 3.8 0.5 8 631 10 218
5 CHILDREN. . . . 2.7 1.9 4,7 4.5 4.7 0.9 1.9 7.4 3.2 9 373 10 759
6 OR MORE CHILDREN . . ( ) (R) (B) ( ) (B) (B) (B) (B) (R) (B) (B) (8)

MEXICAN ORIGIN

TOTAL FAMILIES . 4.5 3.9 3.4 4.1 2.9 3.1 5.4 7.3 6.0 0.3 10 322 11 955
NO CHILDREN . . ... 4.2 2.6 3.5 3.9 2.0 3.5 6.1 7.1 7.5 0.4 9 900 12 264
1 CHILD . . . ... 4.4 5.6 2.41 3.7 1.4 1.6 4.5 8.3 7.4 0.61 10 147 12 054
2 CHILDREN . . . . 3.2 2.9 2.8 3.1 5.7 4.8 6.7 7.6 5.6 0 .3 10 976 12 248
3 CHILDREN . . ... 4.4 6.0 5.3 6.4 2.5 3.3 6.9 7.0 5.2 0.3 11 264 12 280
4 CHILDREN . . . . 8.2 2.4 4.1 4.9 0.8 3.4 0.8 5.6 4.3 9 294 10 626
5 CHILDREN . . . . (B) (P) (B) (P) (8) (B) (B) (B) (8) (B) (B) (B)
6 OR MORE CHILDREN . (B) (H) (B) (B) ( ) ( ) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)

PUERTO RICAN ORIGIN

TOTAL FAMILIES . 3.3 4.2 3.2 2.2 1.9 1.6 2.9 6.8 3.8 0.2 7 669 9 762
NO CHILDREN . ... .... 2.7 4.4 3.6 3.9 3.9 3.5 10.9 6.8 10 273 11 954
1 CHILD . . . .. 3.6 3.5 3.7 1.4 2.1 1.4 1.4 6.5 2.0 7 155 8 789
2 CHILDREN .... . . 3.2 3.7 3.7 3.8 1.4 0.2 3.3 7.2 4.7 5 678 9 147
3 CHILDREN . . ... .. (B) ( ) (B) (B) (B) (8) (B) (B) (P) (B) (3) (B)
4 CHILDREN . . . . (B) (R) (8) (B) (R) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) I (B)
5 CHILDREN . . . . B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B) (B)
6 OR MORE CHILDREN . . (B) (R) (B) (B) (B) (B ) (B) ( ) (B) (B) ( ) (B)

51

Table 28. INCOME IN 1976 OF SPANISH, MEXICAN, AND PUERTO RICAN ORIGIN FAMILIES BY
RESIDENCE AND TYPE OF SPANISH ORIGIN

(For the United States, March 1977. For meaning of symbols, see text)

IN METROPOLITAN AREAS

ORIGIN AND INCOME IN OUTSIDE OUTSIDE
CENTRAL CENTRAL METROPOLITAN
TOTAL TOTAL CITIES CITIES AREAS

SPANISH ORIGIN

NUMBER. . . ......... .THOUSANDS. 2 583 2 196 1 326 870 388
PERCENT . . .1. . . . , 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

UNDER $2,000. . . . .. . .... . 3.5 3.2 3.8 2.4 5.0
$2,000 TO $2,999 .. . . ...... 3.6 3.6 4.5 2.2 3.4
$3,000 TO $3,999. . . . ...... .. .. 6.4 6.2 7.4 4.2 7.6
$4,000 TO $4,999. . . . . . . .. . 5.7 5.7 6.8 3.9 5.6
$5,000 TO $5,999. . . . ... . . .. 6.1 6.2 7.6 4.0 5.8
$6,000 TO $6,999. . ......... . 6.4 6.1 6.7 5.3 8.2
$7,000 TO $7,":9. . . .... . . . 5.7 5.4 5.3 5.5 7.8
$8,000 TO $8,999. . . ....... .. . 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.8 6.1
$9,000 TO $9,999. . . ........ . . 5.5 5.0 5.8 3.8 8.4
$10,000 TO $10,999. . . ...... .. . 5.2 4.9 4.3 5.8 6.8
$11,000 TO $11,999.... ......... .. . 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.1
$12,000 TO $12999. . . . . .. . . 4.6 4.6 4.9 4.3 4.1
$13,000 TO $13,999. . . . . ... .. 4.0 4.1 3.7 4.6 3.5
$14,000 TO $14,999. .......... . .. 3.3 3.5 2.6 4.8 2.6
$15,000 TO $15,999. ......... .. . 3.8 4.0 3.5 4.9 2.3
$16,000 TO $16,999. . ....... . . 3.1 3.3 2.7 4.1 1.9
$17,000 TO $17,999. .......... . 3.1 3.3 2.9 3.9 2.1
$18,000 TO $19,999. . . . . . ... .. 5.4 5.6 4.6 7.1 4.1
$20,000 TO $24,999. . . . ... . .. 7.7 7.9 6.6 9.9 6.3
.25,000 TO $49,999. . . ...... . . 6.6 7.0 5.9 8.8 3.9
$50,000 AND OVER. . . . . . .. . 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4

MEDIAN INCOME . . . . . . OLLAPS, 10 259 10 603 9 391 12 624 9 069
MEAN INCOME . . . . . . .DOLLARS.. 12 060 12 307 11 316 13 817 10 666

MEXICAN ORIGIN

NUMBER. . . . . .. .. THOUSANDS. 1 455 1 157 645 511 298
PERCENT . . . . . .. . .. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

UNDER $2,000. . . . . . . . . 3.3 2.9 3.6 2.1 4.8
$2,000 TO $2,999. . . . . ....... 3.5 3.5 4.7 2.0 3.2
$3,000 TO $3,999 . . . ... .... . 5.7 5.2 5.2 5.3 7.7
$4,000 TO $4,999. . . . . . .. ... .. 4.9 4.8 5.3 4.3 5.1
$5,000 TO $5,999. . . . . . . . . 5.6 5.4 6.2 4.4 6.4
$b,000 TO $6,999 . . . . . . .. 6.6 6.0 6.0 6.1 8.7
$7,000 TO $7,999. . . . . . . ... . 6.5 6.1 6.2 6.0 8.n
$8,000 TO $8,999. . . . . . . .. 6.3 6.2 5.9 6.6 6.6
$9,000 TO $9,999. . . . . . .. .. . 5.8 4.7 5.5 3.7 9.8
$10,000 TO $10,999. . . . . . . . 5.8 5.8 4.5 7.4 6.0
$11,000 TO $11,999. . ......... . . 5.0 5.2 5.1 5.2 4.3
$12,000 TO $12,999. . . . ... .. . 4.5 4.6 4.9 4.3 4.1
$13,000 TO $13,999. . . . . ... . . 3.9 3.8 3.2 4.6 4.2
$14,000 TO $14,999. . . . . .... 3.4 3.7 3.0 4.5 2.4
$15,000 TO $15,999. . . . . .. .. . 4.1 4.6 4.8 4.3 2.4
$16,000 TO $16,999. . . . . . . . 2.9 3.1 2.8 3.4 2.1
$17,000 TO $17,999. . . . . ... .. . 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.5 2.0
$18,000 TO $19,999. . . . . . . .. 5.4 5.9 4.8 7.3 3.5
$20,000 TO $24,999. . . . . ... .. .. 7.3 7.6 7.4 7.9 6.0
$25,000 TO $49,999. . . . . . . . 6.0 7.0 7.1 6.9 2.3
$50,000 AND OVER . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.6

MEDIAN INCOME . . . . ... .DOLLARS. 10 322 10 868 10 322 11 411 8 928
MEAN INCOME . . . . . . .DOLLARS. 11 955 12 400 12 112 12 763 10 231

PUERTO RICAN ORIGIN

NUMBER. .... . . . .THOUSANDS. 443 425 342 83 17
PERCENT . . . . . .. ..... . 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (B)

UNDER $2,000. . . . . . . . . . 5.0 5.2 5.7 3.4 (B)
$2,000 TO $2,999. . . . . .. . . . 4.7 4.9 5.5 2.5 (B)
$3,000 TO $3,999. . . . . . . . . 11.9 11.9 14.6 0.9 (8)
$4,000 TO $4,999. . . . . .. . .. .10.5 10.6 11.8 5.5 (B)
$5,000 TO $5,999. . .. . . .. . . . 8.3 8.4 9.8 3.0 (B)
$6,000 TO $6,999. . . . . . . . . 7.0 7.1 7.6 5.0 (B1
$7,000 TO $7,999. .. . . ... . . . .. 3.8 3.5 3.3 4.3 (B)
$8,000 TO $8,999. . . . . . . .... . 6.0 6.1 5.1 10.1 (6)
$9,000 TO $9,999. . . . . . . . . 4.8 4.7 4.2 7.0 (8)
$10,000 TO $10,999. . . . . . . . 4.5 4.0 3.9 4.1 (B)
$11,000 TO $11,999. . . . . ..... . . 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.4 (B)
$12,000 TO $12,999. . . . . . .... 3.3 3.4 4.0 1.0 (B)
$13,000 TO $13,999. . . . . . . . 4.2 4.4 4.8 2.8 (8)
$14,000 TO $14,999. . . ....... . . 3.2 3.2 3.0 4.0 (B)
$15,000 TO $15,999. .. . . . ... .. .. 2.2 2.3 1.7 4.8 (B)
$16,000 TO $16,999. . . . . . ... .. 1.9 2.0 1.8 3.0 (B)
$17,000 TO $17,999. . . . . . ... . 1.6 1.7 2.0 0.4 (B)
$18,000 TO $19,999. . . . ..... . . 2.9 2.6 1.7 6.2 (B)
$20,000 TO $24,999. . . . . . .... .. 6.8 7.1 3.7 20.8 (B)
$25,000 TO $49,999 . . . . . ... . 3.8 3.4 2.3 7.9 (B)
$50,000 AND OVER.. . . . . . . . 0.2 0.2 0.2 (B)

MEDIAN INCOME . . . . ... ..DOLLARS. 7 669 7 508 6 346 12 779 (B)
MEAN INCOME . . . . . . .DOLLARS. 9 762 9 655 8 617 13 910 (B)

52

Table 29. INCOME IN 1976 OF SPANISH AND MEXICAN ORIGIN FAMILIES WITH HEAD 25 YEARS OLD
AND OVER BY YEARS OF SCHOOL COMPLETED BY THE FAMILY HEAD

(For the United States, March 1977. For meaning of symbols, see text)

I I1 YEARS OF SCHOOL COMPLETED

ORIGIN AND INCOME

SPANISH ORIGIN

NUMBER. . . . .THOUSANDS.
PERCENT . . . . . .

UNDER $2,000. . . . . . .. .
$2 000 TO $2,999. . . .. . ...
$3,000 TO $3,999. . . . ...
$4,000 TO $4,999 . . . ...
$5,000 TO $5,999 .... . . . .
$6,000 TO $6,999. . . . . . .
17,000 TO $7,999 . . . . .
$8,000 TO $8,999. . . . . . .
$9,000 TO $9,999. .. . . ....
$10,000 TO $10,999. . .. . ...
$11,000 TO $11,999. . . . . .
$12,000 TO $12,999. . . . .. .
$13,000 TO $13,999. . . . . .
614,000 TO $14,999. . . . . .
$15,000 TO $15,999. . . . . .
$16,000 TO $16,999 .... . . .
$17,000 TO $17,999 . . . . .
$1R,000 TO $19,999. . . . . .
$20,000 TO $24,999. . . . . .
$25,000 TO $49,999. . . . . .
$50,000 AND OVER. . . . . . .

MEDIAN INCOME .
MEAN INCOME . .

MEXICAN ORIGIN

NUMBER . .
PERCENT .

UNDER $2,000 . .
52,000 TO $2999. .
$3,000 TO $3,999.
$4,000 TO $4,999.
$5,000 TO $5,999..
$6,000 TO $6,999.
$7,000 TO $7,999.
9,000 TO $8,999.
$9,000 TO $9,999.
$10,000 TO $10,999.
$11,000 TO $11,999.
$12,000 TO $12,999.
$13,000 TO $13,999.
$14,000 TO $14,999.
$15,000 TO $15,999.
$16,000 TO $16,999.
$17,000 TO $17,999.
fI8,000 TO $19,999.
$20,000 TO $24,999.
S25,000 TO $49,999.
t50,000 AND OVER. .

MEDIAN INCOME .
rEAN INCOME . .

. . .DOLLARS.
. ..DOLLARS.

. .THOUSANDS. .
. . . .

. . .DOLLARS.
. .DOLLARS.

TOTAL

2 286
100.0

2.d
3.2
5.9
5.6
6.1
6.2
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.2
4.4
4,6
4.1
3.5
3.9
3.3
3.2
5.7
8.5
7.3
0.4

10 760
13 628

1 263
100.0

2.6
3.0
5.4
4.8
5.4
6.6
6.1
6.3
5.2
5.9
5.0
4 .5
4.1
3.4
4.2
3.2
3.2
5.7
8.1
6.9
0.3

10 772
13 767

ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

---M---- EDIAN

_____ T T 4 T T

LESS THAN
TOTAL 8 YEARS

993
100.0

3.5
4.9
9.4
7.3
9.3
8.0
6.0
6.3
5.9
5.9
4.3
3.6
3.6
2.9
3.0
1.7
2.2
2.8
5.4
3.6
0.1

8 235
10 650

622
100.0

3.7
4.7
7.7
5.8
7.6
8.0
7.1
6.7
6.0
6.4
4.8
4.4
3.6
3.3
3.1
2.1
2.2
3.2
5.8
3.7
0.2

8 812
11 232

765
100.0

3.8
5.6
10.4
7.2
8.9
8.2
6.6
6.3
5.4
6.3
4.2
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
1.7
2.1
2.1
5.2
3.1
0.1

7 899
10 392

513
100.0

4.3
5.0
8.7
5.6
6.7
8.9
7.4
6.4
5.7
6.7
4.3
5.1
3.7
3.4
2.6
1.8
2.2
2.6
5.4
3.3
0.2

8 536
10 954

8
YEARS

228
100.0

2.8
2.6
6.2
7.9
10.7
7.2
4.0
6.4
7.5
4.5
4.8
2.1
4.2
2.8
4.8
2.0
2.8
5.4
6.3
5.1

9 301
11 516

110
100.0

0.6
3.2
3.1
6.8
11.8
3.7
5.7
d.3
7.6
5.0
6.9
1.1
3.0
2.5
5.3
3.4
2.5
6.3
7.8
5.3

9 881
12 532

TOTAL

943
100.0

2.5
2.1
3.8
5.2
4.1
5.8
6.1
5.7
5.2
5.2
4.6
5.3
4.2
4.0
4.6
4.1
3.9
7.4
8.6
7.6
0.1

11 942
14 453

485
100.0

1.7
1.5
3.7
4.6
3.7
5.9
6.0
6.4
4.7
5.6
4.5
4.8
4.1
3.2
5.4
4.2
4.3
8.6
7.9
9.3
0.2

12 394
15 402

4 4 ~I- +

HIGH SCHOOL

COLLEGE

4
YEARS

TOTAL

1 TO 3 4 YEARS
YEARS O MORE

SCHOOL
YEARS
COM-
PLETED

350
100.0

1.8
1.4
1.5
1.9
2.0
1.9
2.7
2.3
3.9
3.3
4.3
5.6
5.4
3.5
4.3
5.3
3.9
9.0
1 A-R

1 TO 3
YEARS

401
100.0

3.0
3.9
5.1
5.7
5.6
8.0
5.6
6.1
5.0
5.6
5.9
4.7
4.4
3.9
4.6
2.7
3.7
5.0
5.9
5.6

10 355
12 863

218
100.0

1.5
3.1
6.6
4.8
4.3
8.8
5.6
6.9
4.8
7.7
5.3
5.1
5.5
3.1
3.9
1.9
3.5
3.3
6.4
7.9

10 462
13 862

542
100.0

2.1
0.8
2.9
4.9
3.0
4.2
6.4
5.4
5.3
5.0
3.6
5.7
4.0
4.1
4.6
5.2
4.0
9.2
10.5
9.1
0.1

13 219
15 628

268
100.0

1.8
0.1
1.3
4.4
3.2
3.6
6.3
6.0
4.5
3.8
3.8
4.5
2.9
3.3
6.6
6.0
5.0
13.0
9.2
10.4
0.3

15 064
16 654

1986
100.0

1.7
2.0
1.2
2.2
2.1
2.4
3.9
2.4
4.0
4.4
4.9
5.8
7.6
6.1
4.9
6.3
3.8
8.7
16.6

8.6
0.4

883
143

103
00.0

0.8
1.8
1.5
1.4
2.3
4.6
3.9
3.4
4.5
3.7
6.4
4.1
9.0
6.8
5.7
6.3
3.5
7.7
15.5
7.1

376
349

153
100.0

1.9
0.5
1.8
1.6
1.9
1.2
1.2
2.1
3.7
2.0
3.6
5.5
2.6

3.4
3.9
4.0
9.3
17.1
28.5
3.9

19 892
23 334

52
(P)

(P)
(R)
(B)
(P)
(B)
(8)
(P)
(P)

(P)
(8)
(B)
(B)
(P)
(8)
(B)
(R)
(P)
(B)
(B)

(B)
(9)

17.3
1.9

16 793 14
19 844 17

156
100.0 1

1.3
1.2
1.5
1.6
1.8
3.1
2.8
4.3
3.9
4.4
7.8
4.0
6.0
4.6
5.1
4.9
4.0
6.7
17.4
12.3
1.5

15 380 14
18 809 16

I I

MEDIAN

Table 30. INCOME IN 1976 OF SPANISH, MEXICAN, AND PUERTO RICAN ORIGIN FAMILIES

AND OF UNRELATED INDIVIDUALS BY NUMBER OF EARNERS

(For the United States, March 1977. For meaning of symbols, see text)

FAMILIES UNRELATED INDIVIDUALS

ORIGIN AND INCOME FAMILIES HAVING SPECIFIED NUMBER OF EARNERS
NON-
TOTAL NONE 1 2 3 4 OR MORE TOTAL EARNERS EARNERS

SPANISH ORIGIN

NUMBER .
PERCENT .

UNDER $2,000 ...
$2,000 TO 2,999 .
$3,000 TO $3,999. .
$4,000 TO $4,999. .
$5,000 TO $5,999. .
86,000 TO $6,999. .
$7,000 TO $7,999. .
$8,000 TO $8,999. .
$9,000 TO $9,999. .
$10,000 TO $10,999.
$11,000 TO $11,999 .
$12,000 TO $12,999.
$13,000 TO $13,999.
$14,000 TO $14,999.
$15,000 TO $15,999.
$16,000 TO $16,999.
$17,000 TO $17,999.
$18,000 TO $19,999.
$20,000 TO $24,999 .
$25,000 TO $49,999.
$50,000 AND OVER. .

MEDIAN INCOME . .
MEAN INCOME . . .

MEXICAN ORIGIN

NUMBER .. . .
PERCENT . . .

UNDER 12,000. . .
S2,000 TO $2999. . .
$3,000 TO $3,999 . .
$4,000 TO $4,999. . .
$5,000 TO $5,999. . .
t6,000 TO $6,999 . .
$7,000 TO $7,999. . .
$8,000 TO $8,999. . .
$9,000 TO $9,999. . .
$10,000 TO 10,999 .
t11,000 TO $11,999. .
$12,000 TO $12,999. .
$13,000 TO $13,999. .
$14,000 TO $14,999 .
$15,000 TO $15,999 .
$16,000 TO $16,999. .
$17,000 TO $17,999. .
$18,000 TO $19,999. .
$20,000 TO $24,999. .
$25,000 TO $49,999. .
$50,000 AND OVER . .

MEDIAN INCOME . . .
MEAN INCOME . . . .

. THOUSANDS..

. . DOLLARS.
. . .DOLLARS.
. .. .DOLLARS. .

.THOUSANDS.

..DOLLARS.
.DOLLARS.
. .DOLLARS.

PUERTO RICAN ORIGIN

NUMBER. . . . .THOUSANDS.
PERCENT . . . . . .

UNDER $2,000 . . . . . .
$2,000 TO $2,999. . .. . ...
$3,000 TO $3,999. . . . . .
$4,000 TO $4,999. . . . . .
$5,000 TO $5,999 . .. . . .
$6,000 TO $6,999. . . . . .
$7,000 TO $7,999. . . .. .
t8,000 TO $8,999. . . .. .
$9,000 TO $9,999. . . . . .
$10,000 TO $10,999. .. . . . .
$11,000 TO $11,999. . . . ..
$12,000 TO $12,999. . . . . .
$13,000 TO $13,999. . . . . .
$14,000 TO $14,999. . . . . .
$15,000 TO $15,999. . . . . .
$16,000 TO $16,999. . . . . .
$17,000 TO $17,999. . . . . .
$18,000 TO $19,999. . . . ...
$20,000 TO $24,999.. . . .. .
$25,000 TO $49,999. . . . . .
$50,000 AND OVER . . . . .

MEDIAN INCOME ..... .DOLLARS.
MEAN INCOME . . ... .DOLLARS.

2 583
100.0

3.5
3.6
6.4
5.7
6.1
6.4
5.7
5.8
5.5
5.2
4.4
4.6
4.0
3.3
3.8
3.1
3.1
5.4
7.7
6.6
0.4

10 259
12 060

1 455
100.0

3.3
3.5
5.7
4.9
5.6
6.6
6.5
6.3
5.8
5.8
5.0
4.5
3.9
3.4
4.1
2.9
3.1
5.4
7 3
6.0
0.3

10 322
11 955

443
100.0

5.0
4.7
11.9
10.5
8.3
7.0
3.8
6.0
4.8
4.5
3.3
3.3
4.2
3.2
2.2
1.9
1.6
2.9
6.8
3.8
0.2

7 669
9 762

377
100.0

12.9
13.6
24.9
17.0
13.1
9.1
3.0
1.9
1.6
0.6
1.2
0.1

0.4
0.1

0.3
0.3

3 946
4 355

135
100.0

19.2
16.6
21.3
13.8
9.8
9.4
2.3
2.5
1.5
0.7
2.9

3 665
4 028

161
100.0

9.9
10.3
29.2
21.1
15.8
8.1
2.7
0.5
0.9

0.5

0.5

0.5

4 030
4 320

961
100.0

2.8
3.4
5.3
6.3
7.9
9.2
8.9
8.2
7.4
7.0
4.5
4.3
3.4
3.4
3.2
2.9
2.
3.7
3.1
2.3
0.4

8 749
10 118

561
100.0

2.5
3.9
6.9
6.2
7.7
9.4
9.6
8.1
6.6
7.8
5.6
3.9
2.5
2.8
3.5
2.4
2.2
3.4
2.6
2.1
0.3

8 465
9 770

144
100.0

3.8
2.4
2.1
8.1
6.1
9.5
5.8
14.6
9.3
7.3
2.9
4.8
5.6
5.9
1.7
2.9
0.6
2.4
3.1
1.2

8 832
9 567

917
100.0

1.2
1.0
1.9
2.1
3.2
3.8
4.4
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.7
6.1
6.0
4.9
5.4
4.1
4.7
4.1
12.4
7.9
0.3

13 645
14 707

547
100.0

1.2
1.1
2.4
2.8
4.1
4.2
5.0

6.2
6.2
5.3
5.8
5.9
6.1
5.2
5.6
3.4
4.5
7.8
11.0
5.8
0.3

12 931
13 754

111
100.0

0.8
0.8
2.3
0.8
2.3
3.3
3.6
3.5
4.7
7.6
5.9
6.2
8.0
3.8
5.9
3.2
4.0
7.7
17.0
8.0
0.7

14 032
15 456

207
.100.C

1.4

1.2
0.4
1.C
2.1
4.6
4.C
4.9
3.9
3.5
5.
2.6
3.4
6.C
3.9
3.1
9.9
17.3
20.7
0.4

17 486
18 391

124
100.C

0.9

2.1
0.7
1.4
2.6
6.2
4.4
6.9
4.5
1.5
5.5
2.4
4.1
6.6
3.E
1.7
10.1
13.3
20.7
0.7

16 034
17 725

21
(B)

(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(8)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(8)
(B)
(B)
(8)
(B)
(8)
(8)
(B)
(B)
(8}

(8)
(8)

122
100.0

1.1
0.5
3.5
2.1
3.5
2.3
4.9
4.9
7.1
7.3
0.9
2.1
4.1
7.0
6.1
14.5
26.0
2.0

17 809
20 514

88
100.0

1.5
0.7
4.4
2.9
4.5
2.5
6.2
4.1
5.5
6.7
0.9
2.0
5.7
7.7
5.6
16.9
21.0
1.0

17 291
18 714

5
(8)

(B)

(8)
(B)
(B)
(8)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B1
(B)
1B)
(B)
(B)

(8)
(8)

716
100.0

21.8
17.0
9.7
8.7
6.8
5.4
5.8
4.5
3.2
3,9
2.7
1.5
1.4
1.7
1.8
0.8
0.8
1.4
0.7
0.5

4 180
5 524

354
100.0

23.0
17.5
10.0
9.3
5.8
5.4
4.8
4.4
3.9
3.S
2.3
1.4
1.7
1.1
0.9
1.0
0.7
1.4
0.9
0.6

3 950
5 371

111
100.0

20.5
25.9
9.6
7.5
5.2
6.7
8.1
1.8
2.2
3.7
4.5
0.8

0.8
0.9

0.7
0.7

0.3

3 374
4 790

484
100.0

14.5
10.1
6.0
9.1
8.7
6.9
8.7
6.7
4.4
5.7
4.0
2.1
2.0
2.5
2.6
1.1
1.2
2.0
1.1
0.7

6 234
7 027

247
100.0

18.1
11.8
5.3
10.1
7.3
5.8
5.9
6.4
5.5
5.5
3.3
2.0
2.5
1.6
1.3
1.5
1.0
2.0
1,3
0.9

5 648
6 663

62
(B)

(B)
(B)
(8)
(8)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)

(B)
(B)

(B)

233
100.0

37.0
31.3
17.3
7.9
2.9
2.4

0.6
0.2

0.3

2 415
2 395

107
100.0

34.4
30.5
20.9
7.5
2.3
4.4
_

2 511
2 385

49
(B)

(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(B)
(8)
(8)

(8)
(8)

Ig

. I

,

.

Table 31. SELECTED SUMMARY CHARACTERISTICS OF SPANISH AND MEXICAN ORIGIN FAMILIES AND
UNRELATED INDIVIDUALS BY POVERTY STATUS

(For the United

States, March 1977. For meaning of symbols, see text)

Spanish origin Mexican origin

Selected characteristic Below poverty level Below poverty level

Total Number Percent Total Number Percent

Families........................... 2,583 598 23.1 1,455 320 22.0
Mean size of family ..................... 4.08 4.21 ... 4.26 4.52
Head 65 years and over.................... 173 44 25.7 94 27 28.7
With related children under 18 years..... 1,899 517 27.2 1,112 278 25.0
Mean number of related children........ 2.49 2.75 ... 2.56 2.94
Head not a high school graduate ......... 1,394 422 30.3 841 234 27.8
Head worked last year.................... 2,006 272 13.6 1,205 194 16.1
Worked year round full time............ 1,337 82 6.2 786 59 7.5
Families with female head................. 517 275 53.1 235 119 50.6

Unrelated individuals.............. 716 266 37.2 354 139 39.2
65 years and over........................ 117 57 48.7 64 32 (B)
Worked last year......................... 485 122 25.1 246 73 29.7
Worked year round full time............ 254 16 6.3 117 10 8.3
Female unrelated individuals............. 339 143 42.3 156 76 48.4

'Mean based on persons of Spanish or other origin in Spanish origin families.
2Head 25 years and over.

Table 32. SELECTED DETAILED CHARACTERISTICS OF SPANISH AND
MEXICAN ORIGIN FAMILIES BY POVERTY STATUS

(For the United States, March 1977. For meaning of symbols, see text)

Spanish origin Mexican origin

Selected characteristic Below poverty level Below poverty level

Total Number Percent Total Number Percent

AGE OF HEAD

Total.............................. 2,583 598 23.1 1,455 320 22.0
Under 25 years........................... 297 91 30.6 191 54 28.0
25 to 34 years........................... 759 173 22.8 436 80 18.4
35 to 44 years........................... 634 146 23.0 356 79 22.1
45 to 54 years........................... 465 95 20.5 240 56 23.2
55 to 64 years........................................ 255 49 19.2 137 25 18.2
65 years and over...................... 173 44 25.7 94 27 28.7
Median age........................years.. 38.7 37.4 ... 37.8 38.3

TYPE OF FAMILY

Total.............................. 2,583 598 23.1 1,455 320 22.0
Male head................................ 2,066 323 15.6 1,220 201 16.5
Husband-wife........................... 1,978 312 15.8 1,166 193 16.6
Other male head........................ 88 11 12.6 55 8 (B)
Female head.............................. 517 275 53.1 235 119 50.6

SIZE OF FAMILY

Total .............................. 2,583 598 23.1 1,455 320 22.0
2 persons................ .......................... 622 129 20.7 301 61 20.2
3 persons.............................................. 595 122 20.5 307 54 17.5
4 persons.................................. 575 120 20.9 310 57 18.4
5 persons................................ 367 89 24.1 238 56 23.7
6 persons................................ 224 60 26.6 149 33 21.9
7 or more persons........................ 200 78 39.0 149 58 38.9
Mean size of family'..................... 4.08 4.21 ... 4.26 4.52

PRESENCE OF RELATED CHILDREN UNDER 18

Total.............................. 2,583 598 23.1 1,455 320 22.0
Without related children................. 684 81 11.9 343 41 12.1
With related children.................... 1,899 517 27.2 1,112 278 25.0
1 child.................................. 619 117 18.9 332 58 17.5
2 children............................... 592 145 24.5 324 67 20.6
3 children............................... 371 107 28.9 235 61 26.0
4 children............................... 178 75 42.0 121 41 33.5
5 children or more....................... 140 73 51.9 101 52 51.3
Mean number of children.................. 2.49 2.75 ... 2.56 2.94

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF HEAD

Total, 25 years and over........... 2,286 507 22.2 1,263 266 21.0
Elementary: Less than 8 years.......... 765 262 34.2 513 162 31.6
8 years.......................... 228 64 27.9 110 26 23.5
High school: 1 to 3 years............... 401 96 23.9 218 46 20.9
4 years..................... 542 63 11.6 268 24 9.1
College: 1 year or more............. 350 23 6.5 156 8 5.2
Median school years completed............ 10.0 7.8 ... 9.1 6.8
Percent not a high school graduate....... 61.0 83.1 ... 66.5 87.8

'Mean based on persons of Spanish or other origin in Spanish origin families.

Appendix A

DEFINITIONS AND EXPLANATIONS

Population coverage. This report includes the civilian non-
institutional population of the United States and members of
the Armed Forces in the United States living off post or with
their families on post, but excludes all other members of the
Armed Forces.

Symbols. A dash ( ) represents zero or rounds to zero, and
the symbol "B" means that the base for the derived figure is
less than 75,000. Three dots ( . ) means not applicable,
and "NA" means not available.

Rounding. The number in this report are in thousands. The
figures may differ slightly from table to table since individual
numbers were rounded to the nearest thousand without
being adjusted to group totals. Similarly, individual percent-
ages were rounded and parts may not always add to 100
percent.

Persons of Spanish origin. Persons of Spanish origin in this
report were identified by a question that asked for self-
identification of the person's origin or descent. Respondents
were asked to select their origin (and the origin of other
household members) from a "flash card" listing ethnic
origins. Persons of Spanish origin, in particular, were those
who indicated that their origin was Mexican, Puerto Rican,
Cuban, Central or South American, or some other Spanish
origin.

Five Southwestern States. Data provided in this report for
the five Southwestern States refer to the States of Arizona,
California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas.

Age. This classification is based on the age of the person at
his or her last birthday.

Marital status. The marital status classification identifies four
major categories: single, married, widowed, and divorced.
These terms refer to the marital status at the time of the
enumeration.
The category "married" is divided into "married, spouse
present," and "married, spouse absent." A person was
classified as "married, spouse present" if the husband or wife
was reported as a member of the household, even though he

or she may have been temporarily absent on business or
vacation, visiting, in a hospital, etc., at the time of the
enumeration. The group "married, spouse absent" includes
married persons living apart because either the husband or
wife was employed and living at a considerable distance from
home, was serving away from home in the Armed Forces,
was residing in an institution, had moved to another area,
had separated from their spouse because of marital discord,
or had a different place of residence for any other reason.

Metropolitan-nonmetropolitan residence. The population
residing in standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSA's)
constitutes the metropolitan population. Except in New
England, an SMSA is a county or group of contiguous
counties which contains at least one city of 50,000 in-
habitants or more, or "twin cities" with a combined
population of at least 50,000. In addition to the county, or
counties, containing such a city or cities, contiguous counties
are included in an SMSA if, according to certain criteria, they
are essentially metropolitan in character and are socially and
economically integrated with the central city. In New
England, SMSA's consist of towns and cities rather than
counties. The metropolitan population in this report is based
on SMSA's as defined in the 1970 census and does not
include any subsequent additions or changes.

Family. The term "family" as used in this report, refers to a
group of two or more persons related by blood, marriage, or
adoption and residing together; all such persons are con-
sidered as members of the same family. Thus, if the son of
the head of the household and the son's wife are in the
household, they are treated as part of the head's family. On
the other hand, an unrelated lodger and his wife or an
unrelated caretaker and his wife who are members of the
household are considered as additional families, and not a
part of the household head's family. The term "size of
family" refers to the number of household members who are
living together and are related to each other by blood,
marriage, or adoption.

Spanish origin family. A Spanish origin family is defined as a
family in which the head of the family.is of Spanish origin.

Primary family. A primary family is a family that includes
among its members the head of a household.

58

Household. A household consists of all the persons who
occupy a housing unit. A house, an apartment or other
groups of rooms, or single room, is regarded as a housing unit
when it is occupied or intended for occupancy as separate
living quarters; that is, when the occupants do not live and
eat with any other persons in the structure and there is either
(1) direct access from the outside or through a common hall
or (2) a kitchen or cooking equipment for the exclusive use
of the occupants.
A household includes the related family members and all
the unrelated persons, if any, such as lodgers, foster children,
wards or employees who share the housing unit. A person
living alone in a housing unit, or a group of unrelated persons
sharing a housing unit as partners, is also counted as a
household. The count of households excludes rooming
houses, college dormitories, military barracks, institutions,
and other group quarters. Inmates of institutions (mental
hospitals, rest homes, correctional institutions, etc.) were not
included in the 1977 survey.

Head of household or family. One person in each household
(and in each family) is designated as the "head." The number
of such persons, therefore, is equal to the number of
households (or families). This person is usually the one
regarded as the head by the members of the group. Married
women are not so classified if their husbands are living with
them at the time of the survey.

Primary individual. A primary individual is a household
member living alone or with nonrelatives only.

Secondary individual. A secondary individual in a household
is a person such as a guest, lodger, or resident employee
(excluding primary individuals) who is not related to any
other person in the household. All persons in group quarters
who were covered in the survey are counted as secondary
individuals even though a small number of them were living
with relatives.

Unrelated individual. The term "unrelated individuals," as
used in this report, refers to persons (other than inmates of
institutions) who are not living with any relatives. An
unrelated individual may constitute a one-person household,
may be part of a household including one or more other
families or unrelated individuals, or may reside in group
quarters such as a rooming house. Thus, a widow living by
herself or with one more other persons not related to her, a
lodger not related to anyone else in the household, and a
private household worker living in an employer's household
with no relatives are examples of unrelated individuals.

Own children and related children. "Own" children in a
family are sons and daughters, including stepchildren and
adopted children, of the family head. "Related" children in a
family include own children and all other children in the
household who are related to the family head by blood,

marriage, or adoption. For each type of family unit
identified in the CPS, the count of own children under 18
years old is limited to single (never married) children;
however, "own children under 25" and "own children of any
age," as the terms are used here, include all children
regardless of marital status.

Years of school completed. Data on years of school
completed in this report were derived from the combination
of answers to two questions: (a) "What is the highest grade
of school. .has ever attended?" and (b) "Did ...finish this
grade?"
The questions on educational attainment apply only to
progress in "regular" schools. Such schools include public,
private, and parochial elementary and high schools (both
junior and senior high), colleges, universities, and profes-
sional schools, whether day schools or night schools.
Thus, regular schooling is that which may advance a
person toward an elementary school certificate or high
school diploma, or a college, university, or professional
school degree. Schooling in other than regular schools was
counted only if the credits obtained were regarded as
transferable to a school in the regular school system.

Labor force. Persons are classified as in the labor force if
they were employed as civilians, unemployed, or in the
Armed Forces during the survey week. The "civilian labor
force" is comprised of all civilians 14 years old and over
classified as employed or unemployed.

Paid labor force. Persons are classified in the paid labor force
if they were employed as wage and salary workers or
self-employed workers during the survey week or were
looking for work at the time and had last worked as wage
and salary or self-employed workers.

Employed. Employed persons comprise (1) all civilians who,
during the specified week, did any work at all as paid
employees or in their own business or profession, or on their
own farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid
workers on a farm or in a business operated by a member of
the family, and (2) all those who were not working but who
had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily
absent because of illness, bad weather, vacation, or labor-
management dispute, or because they were taking time off
for personal reasons, whether or not they were paid by their
employers for time off, and whether or not they were
seeking other jobs. Excluded from the employed group are
persons whose only activity consisted of work around the
house (such as own home housework, painting or repairing
own home, etc.) or volunteer work for religious, charitable,
and similar organizations.

Unemployed. Unemployed persons are those civilians who,
during the survey week, had no employment but were

available for work and (1) had engaged in any specific
jobseeking activity within the past 4 weeks, such as register-
ing at a public or private employment office, meeting with
prospective employers, checking with friends or relatives,
placing or answering advertisements, writing letters of appli-
cation, or being on a union or professional register; (2) were
waiting to be called back to a job from which they had been
laid off; or (3) were waiting to- report to a new wage or salary
job within 30 days.

Occupation. The data on occupation of employed persons 14
years old and over refer to the civilian job held during the
survey week. Persons employed at two or more jobs were re-
ported in the job at which they worked the greatest number
of hours during the week. The occupation groupings used
here are mainly the major groups used in the 1970 Census of
Population. The composition of these groups as shown in
1970 Census of Population, Volume I, Characteristics of the
Population, Chapter C. The categories used are combinations
of detailed classifications.

Four occupation divisions. The major groups of occupations
are arranged in four divisions as follows:

White collar. Professional, technical, and kindred workers;
managers and administrators, except farm; sales workers; and
clerical and kindred workers.

Blue collar. Craft and kindred workers; operatives, includ-
ing transport; and laborers, except farm.

Farm workers. Farmers and farm managers, farm laborers
and farm supervisors.

Service workers. Service workers, including private house-
hold workers.
The sequence in which these four divisions appear is not
intended to imply that any division has a higher social or skill
level than another.

Year-round full-time worker. A year-round full-time worker
is one who worked primarily at full-time civilian jobs (35
hours or more per week) for 50 weeks or more during the
preceding calendar year.

Income. For each person in the sample 14 years old and over,
questions were asked on the amount of money income
received in the preceding calendar year. Although the income
statistics refer to receipts during the preceding year, the
characteristics of the person, such as age, labor force status,
etc., and the composition of families refer to the time of the
survey. The income of the family does not include amounts
received by persons who were members of the family during
all or part of the income year if these persons no longer
resided with the family at the time of enumeration. On the
other hand, family income includes amounts reported by

related persons who did not reside with the family during the
income year but who were members of the family at the time
of enumeration.

Number of earners. This number includes all persons in the
family with $1 or more in wages and salaries, or $1 or more
or a loss in net income from farm or nonfarm self-employ-
ment.

Poverty status. Families and unrelated individuals are classi-
fied as being above or below the poverty level, using the
poverty index adopted by a Federal Interagency Committee
in 1969. This index provides a range of income cutoffs or
"poverty thresholds" adjusted to take into account such
factors as family size, sex and age of the family head, the
number of children, and farm-nonfarm residence. The pov-
erty cutoffs for farm families have been set at 85 percent of
the nonfarm levels. These income cutoffs are updated every
year to reflect the changes in the Consumer Price Index. The
average poverty threshold for a nonfarm family of four was
$5,815 in 1976. For a detailed explanation of the poverty
definition, see Current Population Reports, Series P-60,
No. 115 "Characteristics of the Population Below the Poverty
Level: 1976."

Median. The median is presented in connection with the data
on age, years of school completed, and income. It is the value
which divides the distribution into two equal parts, one-half
of the cases falling below this value and one-half of the cases
exceeding this value.

Mean. The mean (average) is presented in connection with
data on number of persons per family, income of persons,
and income of families. The mean number of persons per
family is the value obtained by dividing the number of
persons having the characteristic under consideration by the
appropriate number of families. The mean income is the
amount obtained by dividing the total income of a group by
the number of persons, or families, in that group.

SOURCE AND RELIABILITY OF THE
ESTIMATES

Source of Data

The estimates for the Spanish origin population presented in
this report are based on data obtained in March of 1977 in
the Current Population Survey (CPS) of the Bureau of the
Census. The monthly CPS deals mainly with labor force data
for the civilian, noninstitutional population. Questions re-
lating to labor force participation are asked about each
member 14 years old and older in each sample household. In
addition, questions are asked monthly about ethnic origin for

60

all persons 14 years old and older. For March, in addition to
the standard set of questions on labor force participation and
Spanish origin, questions are asked about income, work
experience, and mobility status.
The present CPS sample was initially selected from the
1970 census files and is updated continuously to reflect new
construction where possible (see section "Nonsampling
Variability" below). The monthly CPS sample is spread over
461 areas with coverage in each of the 50 States and the
District of Columbia. A supplementary sample of housing
units in 24 States and the District of Columbia was
incorporated with the monthly CPS sample to produce the
March 1977 data. The expanded CPS sample is located in
614 areas comprising 1,113 counties, independent cities, and

divisions in the nation. The 614 sample areas used in March
include 461 areas from the monthly CPS and 153 supple-
mentary areas.
The following table provides a description of some aspects
of the CPS sample design in use during the referenced
data-collection period.
In order to obtain more reliable data for the Spanish
origin population, the March CPS sample was enlarged to
include all households from the November 1976 sample
which contained at least one person of Spanish origin. This
resulted in almost doubling the number of sample persons of
Spanish origin. For this report, persons in the Armed Forces
living off post or with their families on post are also
included.

Description of the Current Population Survey

Number of Households eligible Housing units
Time period sample visited not
areas Interviewed ot eligible
interviewed

Supplemental sample................. 153 8,500 500 1,500

August 1972 to present............. 1461 45,000 2,000 8,000

1These areas were chosen to provide coverage
2These are housing units which were visited,
eligible for interview.

The estimation procedure used for the monthly CPS data
involves the inflation of the weighted sample results to
independent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional popu-
lation of the United States by age, race (White, Black and
other), and sex. Most Spanish origin persons are included in
the White race. These independent estimates are based on
statistics from decennial censuses; statistics on births, deaths,
immigration, and emigration; and statistics on the strength of
the Armed Forces. The estimation procedure for the data in
the report also involves a further adjustment so that husband
and wife of a household receive the same weight. Estimates
of Spanish origin population for New York and the five
Southwestern States, as given in tables B, 1,4, 20, and 23 are
derived from the Current Population Survey but ratio-
estimated to independent controls for total State population.
The 1970 census data quoted in this report are obtained
from the 1970 Census of Population (Persons of Spanish
Origin, Volume PC(2) 1C) and are based on a 5 percent
sample of the population of the United States.

Reliability of the Estimates.

Since the estimates in this report are based on a sample, they
may differ somewhat from the figures that would have been

in each State and the District of Columbia.
but were found to be vacant or otherwise not

obtained had a complete census been taken using the same
schedule, instructions, and enumerators. There are two types
of errors possible in an estimate based on a sample
survey-sampling and nonsampling. The standard errors
provided for this report primarily indicate the magnitude of
the sampling error. They also partially measure the effect of
some nonsampling errors in response and enumeration, but
do not measure any systematic biases in the data. The full
extent of the nonsampling error is unknown. Consequently,
particular care should be exercised in the interpretation of
figures based on a relatively small number of cases or on
small differences between estimates.

Nonsampling variability. Nonsampling errors in surveys can
be attributed to many sources, e.g., inability to obtain
information about all cases in the sample, definitional
difficulties, differences in the interpretation of questions,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct
information, inability to recall information, errors made in
collection such as in recording or coding the data, errors
made in processing the data, errors made in estimating values
for missing data, and failure to represent all units within the
sample (undercoverage).
Undercoverage in the CPS results from missed housing
units and missed persons within sample households. Overall

undercoverage, as compared to the level of the decennial
census, is about 5 percent. It is known that CPS undercover-
age varies with age, sex, and race. Generally, undercoverage is
larger for males than for females and larger for Blacks and
other races than for Whites. Ratio estimation to independent
age-sex-race population controls, as described previously,
partially corrects for the biases due to survey undercoverage.
However biases exist in the estimates to the extent that
missed persons in missed households or missed persons in
interviewed households have different characteristics than
interviewed persons in the same age-sex-race group. Further,
the independent population controls used have not been
adjusted for undercoverage in the 1970 census, which was
estimated at 2.5 percent of the population with similar
undercoverage differentials by age, sex, and race as is
observed in CPS.
The approximate magnitude of two sources of under-
coverage of housing units is known. Of the 83,000,000
housing units in the U.S., about 600,000 new construction
housing units other than mobile homes are not represented in
the CPS sample because they were assigned building permits
prior to January 1970, but building was not completed by
the time of the census (i.e., April 1970). Most conventional
new construction, for which building permits were issued
after 1969, is represented. About 290,000 occupied mobile
homes are not represented in CPS; these units were either
missed in the census or have been built or occupied since the
census. These estimates of missed units are relevant to the
present sample only and not to earlier designs where the
extent of undercoverage was generally less. The extent of
other sources of undercoverage of housing units is unknown
but believed to be small.

Comparability with other data. Data obtained from the CPS
are not entirely comparable with data obtained from the
1970 census. This is due to large part to differences in
interviewer training and experience and in differing survey
processes. This is an additional component of error not
reflected in the standard error tables. Therefore, caution
should be used in comparing results between these different
sources. See page 00 for more details on the comparability of
CPS and census data.
Caution should be used in comparing estimates from
1977, when the supplemental sample was used, to those from
1976 and earlier years. Some relatively large differences in
estimates of population in metropolitan and nonmetro-
politan areas have been observed between the 461 and the
614 area samples. These differences reflect a relatively large
increase in variance on those estimates and do not represent
actual changes in the population.

Sampling variability. The standard errors given in the
following tables are primarily measures of sampling vari-
ability, that is, of the variations that occurred by chance
because a sample rather than the whole of the population
was surveyed. The chances are about 68 out of 100 that an
estimate from the survey differs from a complete census

figure by less than the standard error. The chances are about
90 out of 100 that this difference would be less than 1.6
times the standard error and about 95 out of 100 that the
difference would be less than twice the standard error.
All the statements of comparison appearing in the text are
significant at a 1.6 standard error level or better, and most
are significant at a level of more than 2.0 standard errors.
This means that for most differences cited in the text, the
estimated difference is greater than twice the standard error
of the difference. Statements of comparison qualified in
some way (e.g., by use of the phrase, "some evidence") have
a level of significance between 1.6 and 2.0 standard errors.

Note when using small estimates. Summary measures (such as
means, medians, and percent distributions) are shown in the
report only when the base is 75,000 or greater. Because of
the large standard errors involved, there is little chance that
summary measures would reveal useful information when
computed on a smaller base. Estimated numbers are shown,
however, even though the relative standard errors of these
numbers are larger than those for the corresponding percent-
ages. These smaller estimates are provided primarily to
permit such combinations of the categories as serve each
user's needs.

Standard errors for data based on the decennial census.
Sampling errors of all data from the 5 percent sample of the
1970 decennial census shown in this report are small enough
to be disregarded. However, the standard errors for census
data mentioned in the report are shown in table A-8.

Standard error tables and their use. In order to derive
standard errors that would be applicable to a large number of
estimates and could be prepared at a moderate cost, a
number of approximations were required. Therefore, instead
of providing an individual standard error for each estimate,
generalized sets of standard errors are provided for various
types of characteristics. As a result, the sets of standard
errors provided give an indication of the order of magnitude
of the standard error of an estimate rather than the precise
standard error. Standard errors for estimates of persons of
Spanish origin are classified by characteristic type. Type I
characteristics are family or one-person-per-household char-
acteristics. Type II characteristics refer to some persons in a
household (not one and not all) and consist of education
(II-E), Income (I -I), and characteristics other than education
or income (II-N). Type III characteristics relate to most or all
of the persons in a household. Table A-1 gives the charac-
teristic type of estimates from each data table.
The figures presented in tables A-3 and A-4 are approxi-
mations to standard errors of various CPS estimates for
persons of Spanish origin shown in this report. The figures
shown in tables A-5 and A-6 are approximations to standard
errors of total U.S. estimates. Estimated standard errors for
specific characteristics cannot be obtained from tables A-4
and A-6 without the use of the factors in table A-2. These
factors must be applied to the generalized standard errors in

order to adjust for the combined effect of sample design and
estimating procedure on the value of the characteristics.
Table A-1 should be used to determine the appropriate
column of standard errors in tables A-3 and A-5 and fac -
tors in table A-2.
Two parameters are used (denoted "a" and "b") to
calculate standard errors for each type of characteristic; they
are presented in table A-2. These parameters were used to
calculate,the standard errors in tables A-3 through A-6 and
the factors in table A-2. They also may be used to directly
calculate the standard errors for estimated numbers and
percentages. Direct computation of the standard errors will
give more accurate results than the use of the standard error
tables. Methods of direct computation are given in the
following sections.

Standard errors of estimated numbers. The approximate
standard error, Ox, of an estimated number shown in this
report can be obtained in two ways. It may be obtained by
linear interpolation from tables A-3 and A-5 or, alternatively,
it may be approximated using the following formula (1) from
which the standard errors in tables A-3 and A-5 were
calculated. Use of this formula will provide more accurate
results than interpolation.

S= ax + bx (1)
x

Here x is the size of the estimate and a and b are the
parameters in table A-2 associated with the particular type of
characteristic.

Table A-1. Characteristic Types for Each Data Table

Data Data
Data Characteristic typeData Characteristic type1
tables tables

A III 211
B III 12 II-I(Spanish origin) persons
C II-N income (total population)
D I (male or female alone) 13 II-I
II-N (both sexes) 14 II-I
E II-E 15 II-E
F I (agriculture or detailed 16 II-I
nonagriculture) 17 II-I
II-N (broad nonagriculture) 18 I (Spanish origin) family
G II-I residence (total population)
H I 19 I (head)
I I II-N (persons) family status
J I (total population)
K I 20 I (head)
L III II-N (persons)
1 II-N (male or female alone) 21 I (head)
III (both sexes) II-N (persons)
2 II-N 22 I (Spanish origin) family
3 II-N status (total population)
4 II-N 23 I
5 I (male or female alone) 24 II-N
II-N (both sexes) 25 I
6 I (male or female alone) 26 I (Spanish origin) family
II-N (both sexes) income (total population)
7 II-E 27 I
8 II-E 28 I
9 II-E 29 I
10 I (agriculture or detailed 30 I
nonagriculture) 31 I
II-N (broad nonagriculture) 32 I

*** Not applicable.
la. Type I characteristics are family or one-person-per-household characteristics.
b. Type II characteristics refer to some persons in a household (not one and not all) and
consist of education (II-E), income (II-I), and characteristics other than education or income
(II-N). c. Type III characteristics relate to most or all of the persons in a household.
2Standard errors for these estimates are given in table A-7.

Standard errors of estimated percentages. The reliability of
an estimated percentage, computed using sample data for
both numerator and denominator, depends on both the size
of the percentage and the size of the total upon which this
percentage is based. Estimated percentages are relatively
more reliable than the corresponding estimates of the
numerators of the percentages, particularly if the percentages
are 50 percent or more. When the numerator and denomina-
tor of the percentage are in different categories, use the
factor or parameters indicated by the numerator. The
approximate standard error, (x,p), of an estimated percent-
age can be obtained by use of the formula

a(xp = fo (2)
(x,p)

In this formula, f is the appropriate factor from table A-2,
and a is the standard error of the estimate from either table
A-4 or A-6. Alternatively, standard errors may be approxi-
mated by the following formula (3), from which the standard
errors in tables A-4 and A-6 were calculated; direct compu-
tation will give more accurate results than use of the standard
error tables and the factors.

O(x,p) = (100-p) (3)

Here x is the size of the subclass of persons or families and
unrelated individuals which is the base of the percentage, P
is the percentage (0 < p table A-2 associated with the particular type of characteristic
in the numerator of the percentage.

Illustration of the use of standard error tables. Table 20 of
this report shows that in 1977 there were 5,695,000 persons
of Mexican origin in the five Southwestern States. This is a
type III characteristic, and interpolation in column 4 of table
A-3 shows the standard error of an estimate of this size to be
approximately 222,622. Applying the factor of 1.25 for the
Southwestern States gives a standard error of approximately
278,000 -= 222,622 x 1.25.1 The chances are 68 out of 100
that the estimate would have been a figure differing from a
complete census figure by less than 278,000. The chances are
95 out of 100 that the estimate would have differed from a
complete census figure by less than 556,000 (twice the
standard error).
Of these 5,695,000 persons 1,504,000, or 26.4 percent,
headed households in 1977. Table A-1 shows this to be an
estimate of a type I characteristic, and the appropriate b
parameter from table A-2 is b = 1.56 x 1422. Using formula

' Formula (1) gives a standard error of 277,000.

Table A-2. Parameters and Factors to be Used for Each Characteristic Spanish Origin and Total U.S. Population

Parameters2
Characteristic Pa
Factors-
type a b

Spanish Origin

I...................................... -0.000020 1,422 1.00
II-E................................... -0.000015 2,285 1.27
II-I................................... -0.000011 2,229 1.25
II-N................................... -0.000026 4,432 1.77
III.................................... -0.000044 8,917 2.50

Total U.S. Population

Labor Force or Unemployment............. -0.000015 1,971 1.00
Persons Income......................... -0.000007 1,533 0.88
Family Income.......................... -0.000008 1,063 0.73
Family Residence....................... -0.000016 2,170 1.05
Family Status.......................... -0.000010 1,389 0.84

IFactors for Spanish origin characteristics should be applied only to table A-4; factors for
total U.S. population characteristics should be applied only to table A-6.
2To obtain parameters for estimates for the five Southwestern States (tables 1, 4, 20, and
23) multiply the appropriate characteristic type parameters by the factor 1.56; to obtain
parameters for residence estimates (tables H and 18) multiply the appropriate characteristic
type parameters by the factor 2.0.

(3), the standard error on 26.4 percent with a base of
5,695,000 is approximately

/(1.56) (1422)
0.9 =- /5,695,000 (26.4) (73.6)

Consequently, chances are 68 out of 100 that the estimated
26.4 percent would be within 0.9 percentage points of a
complete census figure. Chances are 95 out of 100 that the
estimate would be within 1.8 percentage points of a
complete census figure, i.e., the 95-percent confidence
interval would be from 24.6 to 28.2 percent.

Standard error of a difference. For a difference between two
sample estimates, the standard error is approximately equal

0 = o2 + 02
(x-y) x y

where ox and ay are the standard errors of the estimates x
and y; the estimates can be of numbers, percent, ratios, etc.
This will represent the actual standard error quite accurately
for the difference between two estimates of the same
characteristic in two different areas, or for the difference
between separate and uncorrelated characteristics in the same

Table A-3. Standard Errors of Estimated Numbers of Spanish Origin Persons or Families

(68 chances out of 100. Numbers in thousands)

Standard error1
Size of
estimate Type I Type II-E or II-I Type II-N Type III
characteristic characteristic characteristic characteristic

10................... 4 5 7 9
25................... 6 8 11 15
50................... 8 11 15 21
100.................. 12 15 21 30
250.................. 19 24 33 47
500.................. 27 34 47 67
1,000................ 37 48 66 94
2,500................ 59 75 104 148
5,000................ 81 105 147 209
7,500 ................ 98 128 178 258

1See table A-1 to determine the type of characteristic for estimates from a given data table.

Note: To obtain standard errors for estimates for the five Southwestern States multiply the
above figures by 1.25; to obtain standard errors for residence estimates multiply the above
figures by 1.4.

Table A-4. Standard Errors of Estimated Percentages ofSpanish Origin Persons or Families
(68 chances out of 100)

Base of percentage
(thousands)

75................. .........*******
100......................*.......-.
250.........................*.......
500.................................
1,000..............................
2,500................... ....... ....
5,000 ..............................
7,500....... ....................... . .

1 or 99

1.4
1.2
0.8
0.5
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.14

2 or 98

Estimated percentage1

5 or 95 10 or 90

S 3.0 4.1
1 2.6 3.6
L 1.6 2.3

v. *
0.5 0.8
0.3 0.5
0.2 0.4
0.2 0.3

ITo obtain standard errors for estimates for the five Southwestern States, multiply the
above figures by 1.25; to obtain standard errors for residence estimates multiply the above
figures by 1.4.

Note: See table A-2 for factors to apply to obtain standard errors for the characteristic
of interest.

25 or 75

6.0
5.2
3.3
2.3
1.6
1.0
0.7
0.6

0.8
0.7

I

area. If, however, there is a high positive correlation between
the two characteristics, the formula will overestimate the
true standard 'error.

For percent, formula (4) can be written as

22 + 02
1(PlP2) = / 1 P2

Jblp
S1

b
1 2 (100 p2
2

In this situation the bases of the two percentages, x1 and x2,
are not the same. When the base, x, of the two percentages is
the same, use the following formula (6).

oplP2) b [ 100 (Pl P2 -(P p2)2 (6)

In formula (5), b1 and b2 are the parameters for the
characteristics and population in question, and pi and p2 are
the percentages being compared, with (O SP2 <.100). In formula (6), b is the b-parameter for the
characteristic in question.
Formula (5) is to be used when the bases do not overlap;
for example, males of Mexican origin and males of Puerto
Rican origin. It can also be used when one base is a subset of
the other; for example, males of Mexican origin and all
Spanish origin males, but in this case (5) will overestimate
the standard error of the difference.

Formula (6) is to be used when the base of the two
percent is the same, the percent do not overlap and the
characteristics in the numerators of pi and P2 are of the
same type, i.e., they have the same b parameter.. For
example, if the base is all families with head of Spanish origin
and one is comparing the percent of these families living in
central cities with the percent in the suburbs (table 18), one
may use formula (6) to calculate the standard error of the
difference.

Illustration of computation of the standard error of a
difference. Table 20 shows that in 1977 26.4 percent of the
5,695,000 persons of Mexican origin in the five South-
western States headed households, while 36.1 percent of all
39,941,000 persons living in these States headed households.
The apparent difference is 9.7 percent. As shown above the
standard error on 26.4 percent is approximately 0.9. Using b
= 1389 from table A-2 and formula (3), the standard error on
36.1 percent with a base of 39,941,000 is found to be about

0.3 percent. Therefore, using formula (4), the standard error
of the estimated difference of 9.7 percent is approximately

0.9- (0.3)2 + (0.9)2

This means the chances are 68 out of 100 that the estimated
difference based on the sample estimates would vary from
the difference derived using complete census figures by less
than 0.9 percent. The 68 percent confidence interval about
the 9.7 percent difference is from 8.8 to 10.6, i.e., 9.7 + 0.9.
A conclusion that the average estimate of the difference
derived from all possible samples of the same size and design
lies within a range computed in this way would be correct for
roughly 68 percent of all possible samples. The 95 percent
confidence interval is 7.9 to 11.5. Thus, we can conclude
with 95 percent confidence that there is a difference between
the 1977 percentage of heads of households of Mexican
origin in the five Southwestern States and the percentage for
all persons living in these States, i.e., the confidence interval
does not include zero.

Standard error of a ratio. Certain mean values for persons in
families shown in the tables of this report were calculated as
the ratio of two numbers. For example, the mean number of
persons per family is calculated as

x = total number of persons in families
y total number of families

Standard errors for these means may be approximated as
shown below. There are two cases to consider. In either case,
the denominator y represents a count of families of a certain
class, and the numerator x represents a count of persons with
the characteristic under consideration who are members of
these families.

Case 1: There is at least one person having the charac-
teristic in every family of the class: as for
example, the mean number of persons per family
or the mean number of persons per family with a
male head. For ratios of this kind, the standard
error is approximated by the following formula:

+^ -2

(~) =1

The standard error of the estimated number of
families, ay, and the standard error of the

estimated number of persons with the character-
istic in those families, ax, may be calculated by
the methods described above. In formula (7), p
represents the correlation coefficient between the
numerator and the denominator of the estimate.
In the above examples, and for other ratios of
this kind, use 0.7 as an estimate of p.

Case 2: The number of persons having the characteristic
in a given family may be 0, 1, 2, 3, or more: for

example, the mean number of persons under 18
years of age. For ratios of this kind the standard
error is approximated by formula (7), but p is
assumed to be zero. If p is actually positive, then
this procedure will provide an overestimate of
the standard error of the ratio.

Estimating the standard error of an arithmetic mean. The
standard error of an arithmetic mean can be approximated
by formula (8) below. Because of the approximations used in

Table A-5. Standard Errors of Estimated Numbers of Persons and Families,Total U.S. Population

(68 chances out of 100. Numbers in thousands)

Standard error1

Size of estimate Persons Families
Size of estimate
Labor force or Family
Income Residence Income
unemployment status

500............................ 31 28 33 26 23
1,000.......................... 44 39 46 37 32
5,000.......................... 97 87 102 82 72
10,000......................... 140 121 142 114 99
20,000......................... 183 167 192 154 134
30,000 ........................ 214 199 225 181 157
40,000......................... 234 224 247 199 172
50,000......................... 247 243 262 211 182
70,000......................... 254 270 271 220 188
100,000....................... 217 289 239 197 162

1To obtain standard errors for estimates for the five Southwestern States, multiply the
above figures by 1.25; to obtain standard errors for residence estimates multiply the above
figures by 1.4.

Table A-6. Standard Errors of Estimated PercentagesTotal U.S. Population

(68 chances out of 100)

Base of percentage Estimated percentage'
(thousands)
(thousands) 1 or 99 2 or 98 5 or 95 10 or 90 25 or 75 50

500............................... 0.6 0.9 1.4 1.9 2.7 3.1
1,000.............................. 0.4 0.6 1.0 1.3 1.9 2.2
5,000............................ 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.0
10,000 ............................ 0.14 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7
20,000 ............................ 0.10 0.14 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
30,000 ............................ 0.08 0.11 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.4
40,000............................. 0.07 0.10 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4
50,000 ............................ 0.06 0.09 0.13 0.2 0.3 0.3
70,000............................. 0.05 0.07 0.12 0.2 0.2 0.3
100,000............................ 0.05 0.07 0.12 0.2 0.2 0.3

1To obtain standard errors for estimates for the five Southwestern States, multiply the
above figures by 1.25; to obtain standard errors for residence estimates multiply the above
figures by 1.4.

Note: See table A-2 for factors to apply to obtain standard errors for the characteristic
of interest.

Table A-7. Estimates of Standard Errors for Medians in Table 11
(68 chances out of 100. For meaning of symbols, see text)

Male Female

Occupation and class of worker Not Not
Spanish of Spanish Spanish of Spanish
origin origin origin origin

Total with earnings........................ .210 &48 '221 O40

OCCUPATION

Professional, technical, and kindred workers..... 1,224 118 1,200 119
Self employed ................................. (B) 1,309 (B) 249
Salaried....................................... 1,188 111 1,200 119
Managers and administrators, except farm......... 952 132 (B) 179
Self employed.................................. (B) 332 (B) 335
Salaried....................................... 1,468 154 (B) 152
Sales workers................................... 1,595 198 467 72
Clerical and kindred workers..................... 707 170 380 57
Craft and kindred workers........................ 617 104 (B) 314
Operatives, including transport.................. 322 108 255 71
Manufacturing.................................. 355 147 280 75
Other ........................................... 627 149 (B) 193
Laborers, excluding farm......................... 586 214 (B) 230
Farmers and farm managers........................ (B) 309 (B) 82
Farm laborers and supervisors .................... 608 108 169 43
Service workers, except private household........ 395 156 302 40
Private household workers ....................... (B) 80 218 20

CLASS OF WORKER

Private wage or salary workers ................... 222 54 232 43
In agriculture................................ 518 163 173 45
Not in agriculture............................. 227 57 222 43
Government wage or salary workers................ 630 93 430 116
Public administration .......................... 1,201 163 (B) 178
Other government workers....................... 988 153 422 132
Self employed workers............................ 964 195 (B) 97
In nonagricultural industries.................. 954 256 (B) 103
Unpaid family workers................. ........... (B) 96 (B) 125

Table A-8. Standard Errors of 1970 Census Data

(5-percent sample)

developing formula (8), an estimate of the standard error of
the mean obtained from that formula will generally under-
estimate the true standard error. The formula used to
estimate the standard error of a mean is

o- = b s2 (8)
x /y

where y is the size of the base and b is the parameter from
table A-2 corresponding to the characteristic of interest. The
variance, s2, is given by formula (9)

c
2 y 2 -2
Si= i (9)

where x is the mean of the distribution; c is the number of
groups; i indicates a specific group, thus taking on values 1
through c; pi is the estimated proportion with the charac-
teristic in group i; Zi-1 and Zi are the lower and upper
Zi. +Zi,
interval boundaries respectively, for group i; andi i-1 i,
i 2
which is assumed to be the most representative value for the
characteristic for persons or families and unrelated individuals
in group i. Group c is open-ended, i.e., no upper interval
boundary exists. For this group an approximate average
value is

x Z
c 2 c-l

Standard error of a median. The sampling variability of an
estimated median depends upon the form of the distribution
as well as the size of its base. An approximate method for
measuring the reliability of a median is to determine an
interval about the estimated median, such that there is a
stated degree of confidence that the median based on a
complete census lies within the interval. Standard errors for
the medians presented in table 11 are provided in table A-7.
For other medians shown in the report, the following

procedure may be used to estimate the 68-percent con-
fidence limits on sample data.

1. Determine, using the standard error tables and factors
or formula (3), the standard error of the estimate of 50
percent from the distribution.
2. Add to and subtract from 50 percent the standard
error determined in step 1.
3. Using the distribution of the characteristic, calculate
the confidence interval corresponding to the two
points established in step 2.

Illustration of the computation of a confidence interval for a
median. Table 3 of this report shows that the median age in
March 1977 of persons of Puerto Rican origin living in the
United States was 20.4 years. Table 3 also shows that the
base of the distribution from which this median was
determined is 1,742,000 persons.

1. Using formula (3) the standard error of 50 percent on
a base of 1,742,000 is about 2.5 percent.
2. To obtain a 95-percent confidence interval on an
estimated median add to and subtract from 50 percent
twice the standard error found in step 1. This yields
percent limits 45.0 and 55.0.
3. From table 3 the age of 57.7 percent of the persons
was greater than 15, and the age of 42.1 percent of the
persons was greater than 24. Thus, the lower limit on
the estimate is found to be about

57.7 55.0 (2) + 16 = 17.5.
57.7 54.3

Similarly, the upper limit may be found by linear interpola-
tion to be about

47.0 -45.0 (3) + 22 = 23.2.
47.0 42.1

Thus the 95-percent confidence interval on the estimated
median is from 17.5 to 23.2.

	Front Cover
	Title Page
	Table of Contents
	Introduction
	Characteristics of families
	Comparability of data with 1970s...
	Note
	Tables
	Appendix A: Definitions and...

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