0


.ort.


IMPARTIAL BUT NOT NEUTRAL.


OFFICE, 1VO 63 DOCK STREET. PHILADELPHIA, SATURDAY MORNING, AUIGUST 17, 1839.
"- __ I: I I 1 I I II ,- IIII- I I I-- II I- -


NO. 12.--VOL.1.


TIE NORTH AMERICAN,
PUBLISHED BY S. C. BRACE & T. R. NEWBOLD.
S. c. BRACE--Editor.
TERMS OF THE WVEEKI.Y NORTH AMERICAN.
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meet wi:h prompt attention.

SONG 'OF THE FLOWERS.
SePe. we come dadiinc in sunshine and showers,
Like fairies or butterflies-bright young flowers ;
,O'e.rvale anti o'er,unrtntain, the' ever so sleep,
0-, wander-we'll still on yourrambles peep.
Far from the city and smoke live we,.
With our neighbor, the rugged old forest tree;
Wln, wrapp'A inhais mantle of ivy green, -
L.oks anv,--for his wrinkles aae never seen.
With the zephyrs \e dance
'Neath the bright warm sun
But the moon's pale glance
S Bids our port be done,--
Then we close our petals, nor, winking, peep,
Till the morning breaks our perfumed sleep.
Oh are we not beautiful, bright young flowers,
In stately garden or wild wood bowers ?
To us doih the lover hisL love compare,
STihen, think ye., r.an aught be more sweet or itir ?
Her brow is the lily, her cheek the rose,
S Her ksswis the wtoobirw, (nmlre sweet than ihose-;>
H-.r eyfein the half shut idlpt beams,
When a bright d- w-dnmp on its lstrfe gleams.
We are wreathed in her kair
-By the hands loved best -
Or clustered with care .
A'. Oh On her gentle breast-
And oh I what p ems can so.well adorn
The fair haired girl on her bridal riiorn i
Blooming in sunshine, and glowing ih showers,
Dancing- in breezes-we gay young flowers
How oft doth an emblem bud silently tell
What language could never speak half so well I
E'en sister flowers envy the favour'd lot
Of that blue eyed darling-' Forget-me-not.'
Her name is now grown a charmed-word,
By whose echo the holiest 'thoughts are stirr'd.'
Come forth in the spring,
And our wild haunts seek,
When the wood birds sing,
An i the blue skies break:
Come forth to the hill-the woad-i-the vale!
Where we merrily 'dance in the sportive gale!
Oh! come to the river's rim, come to us there,
"For the white water-lily is wondrous fair,
With her large broad leaves on the stream afloat,
(Each one a capacious fairy boat,)
The swan among flowers t how stately ride
Her snow-white leaves on the rippling tide;
And the dragon-fly gallantly sta:- to sip
A kiss of dew from her goblet's lip:
Oh! come in the glow
Of the long summer's day,
When the cool waves tow,
And the zephyrs play:
Oh dwell not in cittes, 'mid dark and care.
But come io the river's rim, come to us there.
From the Green Mountain Emporium.
THIE CITIES OF THE PLAIN.
BY, J. .O WHITTIER.
"Away from the ruin !-Oh, hurry ye on,
While the sword of the Angel yet slumbers undrawn !
Away from the doom'd and'deserted of God-
Away, for the Spoiler is rushing abroad !"
The warning was spoken-the righteous had gone,
And the proud ones of Sodom were feasting alone;
All gay was the banquet-the revel was long, '
With the pouring of wine and the breathing'of song.
'Twas an evening of beauty. The air was perfume,
The earth was all greeness, the trees were all bloom ;
And softly the delicate viol was heard,
Li .e the murmur of love or the notes of a bird.
And beautiful creatures moved down in the dance,
With the magic of motion and sunshine of glance;
And white arms wreath'd lightly, and tresses fell iree,
As the plumage of birds in some tropical tree.
And the shrine of the idol was lighted on high,
Fur the bending of knee and the homage of eye;
And the worship was blended with blasphemy's word,
And the wine-bibber scoff'd at the name of the Lord !
/
Hark! the growl of the thunder-the quaking ofearth
Wo-wo to the worship, and wo to the mirth !
The black sky has open'd-there's, flame in the air--
The red arm of vengeance is lifted and bare!
And the shriek of the dying rose wild where the song
And the low tone of love had been whispered alon ;
For the fierce flames went lightly o'er palace and bower,
Like the red tongues of demons, to blast and devour!
Down-down, on the fallen, the red ruin rain'd,
And the rt-veller sank with his wine-cup undrained;
The foot of the,dancer, the music's loved thrill,
And the shout and the laughter grew suddenly still.
The last throb of anguish was fearfully given ;
* The last eye glared forth in its madness on heaven !
The last groan of horror rose wildly 1nd vain,
And death brooded over the pride- of the Plain!

THE WEST.
AGRICULTURAL AND MINERAL RESOURCES.
'The following is part of a letter to the Edi-
tor of the New York Observer, dated Amherst
College, and will be of course supposed to
come from the same pen which furnished the
"Letters by the Way," which lately appeared
in our columns:
I doubt whether these have ever been over-
rated, either by the most enthusiastic resident
or traveller. It would hardly be safe for any
man, east of the mountains, who wishes to be
thought sane and strictly veracious by his
neighbors, to come back and speak of the depth
and blackness of the soil, I will not say upl)on
the alluvial bottoms, mInerely, but upon the up-
land openings and prairies. I do not mean by
this remark to represent that there is no poor
land at the west. It would be easy, no doubt,
to find considerable tracts, or smaller patches
of thin soil, in all thie States. But in genera:,
it is exceedingly rich and productive. When
they tell you, that nothing is more common
than to find it from two to four feet deep, you
can hardly credit, the statement, till you see it


' actually turned up by the spade to satisfy your
incredulity. They use no manure, even where
their farms have been under cultivation for a
long time; and they will tell you, that the
land is rich enough without it. In some cases,
corn or wheat is raised for five or ten years,
perhaps longer, on the same field, without al-
lowing it to lest at all, or giving it any relief,
by a rotation of crops. But this is bad hus-
bandry, a.iy where. Although nobodytwho
sees it can doubt the extraordinary capabili-
ties of the soil, nor deny that in its virgin state
it will "'bring forth by handfuls," without any .
other extraneous aid than the rain and the sun-
shine, still it wants, and would be grateful for
an occasional dressing from the barn yard. In
looking at more than one fine field of timothy,
in Illinois, I could see the difference as plainly
where the cattle had been, as in one of our own
meadows. The grass was much ranker and
darker than where no manure had fallen. And
here I will venture to express my belief, that
no soil in the world is so rich, as to retaiajts
primeval fecundity, for a long series of years,
without the aid of some kind -of manure.-
However deep and inexhaustible its natural
fertility may he,'it gradually loses its leaven, if
I may be indulged in the expression, and must
have something to warm and raise and pulve-
rize itr-something to develop the latent vivi- n


the west, and having before my eyes, from day
to day, proofs of its extraordinary fertility, and
of the little labor which it requires to procure
a redundance of food, was, that these immense
regions Were intended and reserved chiefly for
the millennium. The land is far too good for
man with those indolent and depraved propen-
sities in full strength, by which he has been
hitherto governed. Indeed:, the two greatest
objections to the west, in my judgment, are,
that the land is too cheap and too productive.-
Taking human nature as it is, however indus-
trious and virtuous emigrants from the scanty
and rugged soil of New England may be, they
must in general, without a miracle to prevent
it, degenerate, when planted down upon the
fat vallies of the Sciota, the Wabash,lbr the
Illinois. It is a law of our lapsed nature, not -
to work if we can help it. Ninety-nine out of
a hundred persons will throw off just about as
much of the primitive curse as they can. If
the labor of five days in a week is sufficient to
support them, they willnhat work six. If they
can live upon the product cf two days it is in
vain to expect them to work three: and if they
could subsist comfortably in any other way,
they would not work at all. Where the lazi-
ness of the boy has been counteracted by early
habits of industry, and the mantias-spent many
a lit best years of his life in hard Labur, under
that iron-handed task-master necessity, he may
carry his habits along with him, and -continue
to moisten the soil with the sweat of his brow,
from the mere love of action and 'regular em-
ployment. But I was told over and over again,
when I was passing over those rich lands of
promise, that after a while, the great majority.
of the Yankees, as they call them, who had
been most laborious at the east, relax and fall
into the habits of their neighbors. Now if
this is the ease, even with the fathers, what 1
can we expect from their children, but that
they will be just as lazy as they can be-that is,
as the soil and climate will allow; and if idle,
then vicious, almost as matter of course-for
there never was a truer saying than that of
."the ancients," that "an idle man's brain is the s
devil's workshop!"
When then is the actual condition of a far- I
mer, who goes out with moderate means from
Massachusetts or New Hampshire, and set-
ties down upon a good section of land, wood
and prairie, in Illinois? The first thing is, to
fence as much of the prairie as he wants for 1
immediate cultivation. The next is, to plough 1
it; which, if he does not happen yet to have a 1
sufficient team of his own, he can hire done i
for two dollars and a half or three dollars an
acre. If he wants to get a crop of corn the i
first summer, he has only to follow the plough, r
and drop the seed into every third furrow, to t
give him from fifteen to tweuty-five bushels the 1
acre, without going into the field again till t
harvest time. I saw a great deal of corn, 'as s
I passed along, thus springing up between the a
furrows. The ploughing, however, inust be i
delayed till the grass is green, otherwise it t
will turn and spring up through the sod, and f
you will lose your labor. The breaking up r
requires three or four strong yoke of oxen, and t
is done in this wise. The beam of the plough
is framed into an axTe, and so guaged as to cut t
a furrow about eighteen inches wide and four
inches d,'ep. The wheel that runs in the fuir- a
row is four inches larger in diameter than the
other, so as to keep the bottom of the plough
perfectly flat. Thus prepared and once put in
motion, it requires no one to hold it, -except
where the sward is very deep and tough. I
noticed one plough at least, going without 1
hands, arid 1 never saw a handsonmer furrow
cut in my life. It takes about two years for
the turf to become thoroughly pulverised, und a
then the land is tilled with as much ease as if j,
it had been under cultivation a hundred years. q
One man, with two horses, will take care otf
forty acres of corn, as it requires no hoeing,
and if the season is favorable it will yield: him c
2,000 bushels. With this he can fatten a r
great many swine, besides feeding a large
stock of cattle through the winter. Wheat ]
and all other grains may be raised with about
the same ease. I
The open praisies serve for pasturage and
mowing, and the less he owns the better; be- t
cause large tracts will for a long time remain 1-
in common field, which he can have the use
of, without paying taxes. A friend of mine
has planted himself down on the margin of a
one of these prairies, where, as he told me,
he could fatten five or six thousand cattle if s
he had them. The young prairie grass is said a
to be exceedingly nutritious; and I am sure I S
never saw cattle look finer in any of our white t
clover pastures. T
Now from this brief statement it must be c
obvious to every one, that a t:farmer favorably
located at the west, can support his family by 1
one half or one third of the labor it would p
cost him in New England, and what will the p
majority do with so much spare time? Is it at ii
all likely that they will be as virtuous, as hap- v
py, or even as thriving, as if they were upon u
a poorer soil, and had to work every day?- "
Suppose our Puritan fathers had found the in- (
exhaustible bottoms of Illinois, instead of the
sands of Cape Cod, and the iron bound shores T
of Massachusetts Bay, when they first landed o
on this continent'? Who would have heard of


New England as she is, and of her hardy and d
enterprising sons everywhere, both on the land c
and the ocean? The first-generation might h
have in some degree retained their stern and c
inflexible virtues; but how soon would their a
children have "waxed fat and kicked, and for- ji
gotten the God that made them, and lightly
esteemed thie God of their salvation." h
This brings me back to the thought already
thrown out, that the wise and beneficent Crea- k
tor intended to reserve the deep and almost si
boundless fertility of the west, chiefly for the n
millennium, when the high moral and religious
principles of a vast population, will render it ai
safe for them to be entrusted with such a ter- cl
ritory. If I did not MIieve in that mighty li
renovation of the world, and that "the tinime fi
draweth near," I should exceediugly regret t,
that there is any such fruitful land to whioh tl
our children can emigrate. But although "the o,
vision will certainly come, and wi!l not tarry,"
it will in the mean time require much greater th
efforts to keep up a healthful moral and reli- (E
gious tone in the great valley, that if its agri- tc
cultural and mineral resources were less by
ane half or two thirds than they.air. Y
From the very nature of the case, the min- s(
eral and fossil resources of any country are ci
more slowly developed than its'alricultural. V


asm was first kindled at reading the oration
"De Coronla."
Hereafter I may take a more extended notice
if these volumes, and will close this with the
wish that the dissertations may be read by
every youth-yes, and by every full grown
man in the land.
After an analysis of several of the orations
of Demosthenes, the author adds:
"Such was the first of orators. At the head
of all the mighty masters of speech, the adora-
tion of ages has consecrated his place; and the
loss of the noble instrument with which he
forged and launched his thunders, is sure to
maintain it unapproachable forever. If in such
varied and perfect excellence, it is required that
the most prominent shall be selected, then
doubtless is the palm due to that entire and
uninterrupted devotion which throws his whole
soul into his subject, and will not even, no, not
for an instant, suffer a rival idea to cross its
resistless course, without being swiftly swept
away, and driven out of sight, as the most ra-
pid engine annihilates or shoots off whatever
approaches it, with a velocity that defies the
ey-. So too, thar9 is no coming back an the
same ground, any more than any lingering
over it. Why should he come back over a ter-
ritory that he has already laid waste-Where
the consuming fire has left not a blade of grass?
All is done at once; bqt'the blow is as effectual
as it is single, and leaves not' any thing to do.
There is nothing superfluous-nothing for
mere speaking's sake-no topic that can be
spared by the exigency of the business in hand;
so, too, there seems none that can be added-
for every thing is there and inits place. So, in
the diction there is not a word that could be
added without weakening, or taken away with-
out marring, or altered without changing its
nature, and impairing the character of the whole
exquisite texture, the work of a consummate
art that never for a moment appears, nor ever
suffers the mind to wander from the object and
ix itself on the speaker. All is at each instant
moving -forward regardless of every obstacle.
The mighty flood of speech rolls on in a chan-
nel ever full, but which never overflows.-
Whether it rushes in a torrent of allusions, or
noves along in a majestic exposition of en-
arged principles, descends hoarse and head-
ong in overwhelming invective, or glides me-
odious in narrative and description, or spreads
itself out shining in illustration, its course is
ever onward and ever entire;-never scattered,
never stagnant, never sluggish. At each point
manifest progress has been made, and with all
that art can do to charm, to strike, to please.
No sacrifice, even the smallest, is ever made
to effect-,nor can the heart ever stop for an in-
itant to contemplate or to admire, or throw
iway a thought upon the great artist, till all
s over, and the pause gives time to recover his
breath. This is the effect, and the proper ef-
fect of eloquence-it is not the effect of argu-
nent. The two may be well combined, but
hey differ specifically from each other,"
After this, no one will dispute his right to
Lhe place which the scholars, both of England
mnd America, have assigned,to Lord Brougham.-
HELLENISTES.

AMUSING SKETCH.
The following from a recently published
little work, entitled "Georgia Scenes," is well
worth reading. The writer is on a visit to
iMr. Slang, whose wife is the mother of a child
about eight months old. The child in the ad-
oining room begins to cry in the nurse's arms.
['he nurse is a little "nigger," about fourteen
rears old:
"You Rose," said Mrs. Slang, "quiet that
child." Rose walked and sung to it; but it did
lot hush.
"You Rose, if you do not quiet that child, I
ay I'll make you.",
"I is tried, ma'am," said Rose," "an' lie
couldn't get hushed." (Child cries louder.)
"Fetch him here to me, you good-for-no-
hing huzzy you. What's the matter with
tim?"--reaching out her arms to receive him.
"I dun know, ma'am."
"Nhei--nhun-nho-ma'am!" (Mocking
,nd grinning at Rose.)
As Rose delivered the child shie gave visible
igps cf dodging just as the child left her arms,
nd that she might not be disappointed Mrs.
Langg gave her a box, in which there seemed
o be no anger mixed at all, and which Rose
received as a matter of course, without even
hanging countenance under it. '
^"Da den!" said Mrs. Slang, "come along e
nuddy (mother.) Did nassy Yosey (Rose,)
)ague muddy thweety chilluns?" (children)-
ressing the child to her bosom, and rocking
t backward and forward tenderly. "Muddins '
vill whippy ole niassy Nosey. Ah! you old
gly Yosey," (knocking at Rose playfully.)
'Da den; muddy did whippy bad Yosey." I
Child continues crying.)
"Why, what upon earth ails the child'.
tose, you've hurt this child, somehow or
their '


"No ma'am, cia' I didn't-I was jis sitt'n
ar in the rock'n chair long side o' Miss Nan- f
y's bureau, an' want doin' nothing' 't all to t
im, jis playing wid him, and he jis begin to
ry heself, when nobody wa'nt doin' nothing 't s
11 to him, and nobody wa'nt in dar nuthur sept '
i me and him, and I was"--
"Nhn-nhing-nhing--and I expect you hit c
is head against the bureau." r
"Let muddy see where ole bad Yosey
nocky heady 'gin de bureaus. Muddy will t
ee" taking off the child's cap, and finding h
nothing. (Child cries on.) '
"Muddy's baby was hungry. Dat was what r
ils muddy's darling, thsweety ones. Was c
io hongrey an' nobody would givy litty dar- e
ng any sing 't all for eaty?" (loosing her j
rock bosom.) "No, nobody would gim r
shweety ones any sings fo' eat'tall." (Offers i
ie breast to the child, who rejects it, rolls I
ver, kicks and screams worse than ever.) e
"Hush! you little brat! I believe it's no- c
ling in the world but crossness. Hush! f
shaking it) hush! I tell you." (Child cries ]
o the ne plus ultra.) a
"Why, surely a pin luiust stick the child. m
es, 'e bad pin did tickychilluns. Let muddy M
ee where the uggy pin did ticky dear prettous e
reter-(examining.) Why no, it isn't a pinm. s
Vhy, what can be the matter with the child? b


'What on earth can make my baby cry so?'
rising and walking to the window. (Stops at
the window and the child hushes,)
'Yes dat was it-did want to look out 'e
windys! See the petty chickens. O-o-o-ht.
Look at the beauty, rooster! Yonder's old
aunt Betty, pickin' up chips. Yes, old aunt
Betty, pickin' up chips fo' bake bicky, (bis-
cuit) for good chilluns. Good aunt Betty fo'
make bicky fo' sweet baby's supper'."' (Child
begins again.)
'Hoo-o-o! See windy?' (Knocking at the
window. Child cries.)
'You, Rose, what have you done to this
child! You little hussy you, if you don't tell
me how you hurt him, I'll whip you as long as
I can find you."
'Missis, I cla' I never done nothing' 't all to
him. I was jis setten down da by Miss Nan-
cy's bu-.'
'If you say "Miss Nancy's bureau" to me
again, I'll stuff Miss Nancy's bureau down
your throat, you little, lying shut. I'm just as
sure you've hurt him, as if I'd seen you. How
did you hurt him?' ,
Here Rose was reduced to a non plus; for,
upon the peril of having a bureau stuffed down
her throat, she dare not repeat the oft-told tale,
and she. knew no other. She therefore stood
mute.
'Julia,' Said Mr. Slang, "bring ihed child td
me, and let me see if I can discover the cause
of his crying.'
Mr. Slang took the child and commenced a
careful examination of it. He removed its
cap, and beginning at the crown of its head he
extended the search slowly and cautiously
downward, accompanying the eye with the
touch of the finger. He had not proceeded far
in this way before he discovered in the right
ear of the child a small feather, the cause, of
course, of all its wailing.' : The cause removed,
the child soon changed its tears to smiles,
greatly to the delight of all, and to none more
than to Rose.
From the Baltimore American.
AMERICAN PENITENTIARIES.
There are few subjects better calculated to
enlist the interest and employ the powers of
an inquiring mind than prison discipline, and
it may be added there are few, very few, in
which human intelligence has in the course of
the last half century wrought more important
changes. Prisons were for ages considered
purely as places of punishment for past of-
fences, no regard being had to the amelioration
of the culprit's moral condition, nc.r the pre-
vention of a recurrence of crime. Regarded in
this point of view, constraint, under circum-
stances the most painful and degrading, was
deemed the only means of avenging wrong
done to society, and the more thorough it could
be made in these respects, the more completely
was it supposed to answer the purposes for
which it was intended. So long as confine-
ment continued to be the agent of punishment
and not the means of reform, so long were pri-
sons looked upon as things beyond the pale of
human sympathy; but io sooner did the intro-
duction of a more pure and enlightened phi-
lanthrophy.induce men to remember that in
punishing it becomes the duty of the control-
ling power to look as well to futture reform as
to past offences, than prison discipline assumed
a new aspect, and became a matter of the
deepest interest. A question immediately arose
how, if reformation and punishment were to go
hand in hand, to draw the line, so as to attain
the one consistently'with the enforcement of
the other-a point which has ever since con-
tinued to exercise the ablest men. With the
introduction of this new theory there arose
doubts as to the propriety of inflicting capital
punishment in cases where the offences did not
involve the destruction of life, and such was
the force with which these misgivings present-
ed themselves that in England transportation,

and in other countries confinement in Peniten-
tiaries, took the place of the halter and the
guillotine. The mild and beneficent character
of the institutions of our own country caused
the more merciful class of punishments early
to be adopted, and strange as it may seem, the
claims to have less experience in crime than
any other, has taken the lead in furnishing the
most perfect systems by which it is to be cor-
rected. Numberless as are the objects, natu-
ral and artificial, to which the attention of for-
eigners have been directed, there is, we be-
lieve, none which has engaged their attention
so much or drawn from them such decided ad-
miration as the mnianner in whici our jails and
penitentiaries are conducted. 'The advance-
ment to this high state of perfection, has, it is
true, been.gradual, but it has, owing to pecu-
liar circumstances, been infinitely more rapid
than might have been anticipated. ''o this end no-
tliing has contributed more essentially than the
fact of our national confederacy being compos-
ed of separate, free and independent sovereign-
ties, unshackled in the adoption of their re-
spective systems, but willing to be instructed
by the experience of each other. By this
means error, if committed, has not been suf-
Ferred to become permanent or general. If ex-
perience at any tinle proved that the legisla-
tive enactments of one State were injudicious,
or that the structures erected for culprits were


not perfectly adapted for the purpose for which
they were intended, it was only necessary for i
another State to avoid, in instituting its own I
system, tki faults which time and experience
lad brought to light. From this and other I
auxiliary causes we have seen the prison dis-
cipline of our country become, as we before
remarked, the subject of universal admiration.
3f late years a difference of opinion has sprung i
up with regard to the social system proper to
be adopted in penitentiaries, many clear headed
and judicious men being of opinion that sepa- t
rate confinement at night and non-intercourse t
luring meals, are sufficient, whilst others -
equally well informed and, as we think, better i
udging persons, think that solitary confine-
nent at all times, provided it can be effected, (
s the only sure means by which contamination
between prisoners of greater and those of less f
experience in guilt can he prevented,and a state t
of mind induced calculated to work a moral re-
o0rm. There can be no doubt that if a felon of a
ess experience in wickedness is permitted to t
associate with those of greater criminality, he
vill naturally become more deeply imbued a
with their sentiments, and thus rendered hard- I
ened in crime; whereas had he been left to the d
suggestions of his own mind, he might have v
been led back to the paths of virtue. With v


From the Baltimore Literary Monument.
DISTINGUISHED MEN OF PENNSYL
VANIA.
BY JOHN KETTLEWELL.
The writer is by birth a Pennsylvanian, an
while he has, in common with his countrymen
but one national feeling, yet like all of them
he has that spirit of state pride, which acts a
a great auxiliary in cherishing, a more sacre,
enthusiasm for the true glory and honor of ou
country.
There is, perhaps, no state in the Union tha
has exhibited stronger affection for the confed
eracy; made greater sacrifices in war, or pux
sued a more judicious policy in the accumulp
tion of wealth, or in the accession of physical
strength, than this state. Her position ha
commanded respect, her power has given he
a. commensurate influence, and her internal
wealth of soil, and mineral, all combined
have appointed her as the key-stone of a con
stitution sheltering millions of freemen. He
integrity is beyond reproach. Her patriotism
often tried, has never failed-while, in our na
tional flag, her name shines bright amidst-i
constellation of stars.
The question then starts itself, where hai
injustice been done her? We reply, in no
itWarding to her thrift justice inri'-the production
of extraordinary individual intellect to whict
she has indisputable claims.
There is nothing, more common than a con-
stant depreciation, in speaking of her great dis-
parity with the old states, in the production o-
wise and distinguished men. It is not the ob.
ject of the writer to contrast her, in this way,
with any other state, or to advance claims ol
distinguished pre-eminence, but simply, by ar
imperfect attempt, to show that, in this re-
spect, so far as his observation extends, grea1
injustice has been done her. Nor has this beer
restricted to individual cases, for nothing is
more fashionable, in some sections of the
Union, than to snarl at the "ignorance" ol
Pennsylvania. It is not pretended that this
prejudice exists from any ill will, but from in-
correct impressions.
That her people are far behind many sections
of the Union-that they have done far less
than they ought to have done,-or can, or will
do, for the dissemination of knowledge, is
plainly true. Yet that she has been greatly
underrated, is equally true.
In reference, therefore, t&hier claims to emi-
nent native talent and genius, we should name
Robert Fulton, as the most distinguished in
mechanical science. This extraordinary man
would not, perhaps, suffer in comparison with
any in the world. Certainly, in our own coun-
try, he has no equal. He was not only a man
of genius and mathematical science, but gifted
with that indomitable spirit of energy and
firmness which overcame every obstacle in a
final triumph. Astounded as mankind were,
at the first demonstrations of his discovery,
that wonder, in this age of improvement, has
gone on to increase, until the destruction of
time and distance, by the power of steam,
would almost lead one to suppose that aught
else but the elements must become tributary to
its amazing influence. Fearfully destructive
as it must be in war, it is equally an ambassa-
dor of peace, by uniting, as neighbors, far off
and distant nations. It strengthens the ties of
our own country, and in the annihilation of
space, and the immensity of the results it has
produced, at once places the great discoverer
upon the right hand side of Columbus.
Robert Fulton was the son of poor and ob-
scure parents, of Lancaster county, in Penn-
sylvania.
Nations look not alone to the useful, as all
that is necessary to national glory. Posterity
are less grateful in most instances, for benefits
conferred, than for dazzling exploits, or the
triumphs of victory. The arts contend alike
with war, and the sciences, for this wreath of
glory. In the honor conferred upon our coun-
try by the fine arts, none has done more than a
Pennsylvanian. An unknown and friendless
boy, with genius, enterprise, and industry,ele-
vated himself to the companionship of sages
and princes. A proud but enlightened nation
appreciated his exalted talents, and rewarded
them with the most distinguished personal
honors. A patent of nobility is no evidence
of merit-but the approbation of the learned
and the highest seat in one of the most distin-
guished institutions of the British nation-is a
tribute to mind rarely surpassed. Sir Benja-
min West was a poor boy of Pennsylvania-
the intimate friend and patron of Fulton.
While the fine arts rank among the loftiest
efforts of genuis, the name of Benjamin West
will not cease to be remembered.
A nation very properly turns to its literature
as a source of pride or mortification. A coun-
try devoid of literature may yet be distinguish-
edrby fame, in the magnitude of its enterprise,
and the distinguished actions of its citizens.
An absence of literature does not prove an ab-
sence of mind, for extraordinary feats can opl3
be accomplished by the power of intellect.
Some of the best planned battles, the most im-
portant inventions, the wildest revolutions, and
the greatest reformations, have been executed
by men whose minds, though of the mightiest
order, were but poorly cultivated.
They could make a history, but not write


one: -gain a victory that decided the welfare of
millions, but not describe the conflict. Never-
theless, the literature of a nation not only
stands conspicuous amidst the various gifts of
nature to men, in conferring honor upon their
country; it contests the palm with tile sword,
the pencil, the chisel, or that inventive genius
which has done so much to. make and mar
mankind.
It is the vehicle through which posterity re-
ceives all its light Qf the past, and in the dis-
tribution of happiness, by the extension and
transmission of knowledge, does more than
all else to civilize and enlighten the human
family.
Much of the renown of Rome, is due to
Grecian literature, and the bloodshed upon
which the earlier fame of the former rests, in-
'uses into the mind a feeling widely different
o that of the latter.
Our own country has not been deficient; but
Is yet we are but a child in the family of na-
ions.
In this paper we speak but of the departed
lone; and up even to the present time, we have
tad too much to do for self alone,to make that
decided turn to the cultivation of literature,
vhich is every day progressing, and will ad-
'ance.


In unfolding the passions-depicting actual
- scenes of life-baring the human heart in all
its mad and wayward workings-exposing
scenes of heart-rending misery-and develop
d ing the planting and growth of evil purposes,
1, lie has by no one of his own countrymen ever
i, been excelled. This wvs done too without the
s aid of example, or that great light which has,
d since his day, been opened upon this descrip-
r tion of literature.
C. B. Brown was a native of Philadelphia:
it -His life Was one of purity-his death onepf
- peace.
As in mechanical science, the fine arts, and
- history, so may Pennsylvania claim an equal,
1 if not, as in the others, a pre-eminent rank in
s the individuals of great. distinction, she has
r produced in medical science.
1 Among those we will briefly mention the
, name of Benjamin Rush, who stands conspicu-
- ous not only in his'profession, but as a scholar
r -as a man, and a Christian.
, Professor Wistar, as an anatomist, may corn-
- pare with any other, without a shadow of fear
a for the result.
In eminent statesmen, Pennsylvania cannot
9 institute a comparison with many of her sister
t states. lIn a eFouutry and government like ours,
n there-is a brightness of fame, around the ae-
4 tions. and history of the statesman and gene-
ral, which is attached to none other. As a po-
- litieal people, the names of our lawgivers and
- orators areconstantly upon the lips of millions,
f and their deeds are handed down in political
- association, from father to child, and from gen-
eration to generation. They become identified
f more closely with our history as a nation, and
a posterity in reading their eloquent orations, or
- listening to the traditionary powers of a Patrick
t Henry, in a cause like that of freedom, burns
i with an enthusiasm, that darkens all else in
s its own brightness.
In the production of distinguished orators, I
f have frankly admitted that Pennsylvania has
i not equalled many of her sister states. She
presents, however, no contemptible claim in
James A. Bayard-a name that will lose but
little, in a contrast with the brilliant assem-
blage of eloquent men which our young coun-
try has exhibited to the world.
Perhaps no nation, ancient or modern, has
produced so many truly eloquent men, as this
growing republic, since her confederation. If
the mother country can proudly ask us for our
Milton, our Shakspeare, or Byron, we can with
an equal degree of pride, refer to a list of dis-
tinguished orators, many of whom can com-
pare in chasteness, purity, and vigor, with
Cicero or Demosthenes. If we are barren in
the one, we stand for the period, without'a rival
in eminence, for the rapid production of the
other.
The pulpit of Pennsylvania is nobly repre-
sented in the venerable bishop White-herju-
diciary in chief-justice Shippen-her sword in
generals Wayne and Brown-and that indomi-
table spirit of enterprise, and native courage-,
that life of toil, adventure, and contempt of
danger which marks our countrymen, in the
celebrated Daniel Boone.
This sketch is greatly imperfect, and cou..d
be extended to a volume. It may be, that its
very feebleness has destroyed the object in
view, but does not impair the purity of the mo-
tive. Nor have we pretended to give genius a
local habitation. It is a wealth that springs
from another world, and belongs to the whole
earth. Inspired by divine wisdom, men, in all
ages, and all countries, have been gifted with
intellectual powers for purposes beyond human
ken. Equally mysterious to their possessors,
as it is to their fellow-man, these inestimable
gifts have too often been abused, and what
might have appeared as a type of heaven, has
been prostituted into an emblemr of that desti-
ny which befel the "fallen angel."
What a conflict between the mind and the
heart. .The one soaring into the mysteries of
the skies-associating ,with the planets-un-
folding the inexplicable laws 4f nature,.or ele-
vating by its power and example the dignity
and character of its species; whilst the other,
amidst the turbulence of destroying passion,
revels in the destruction of all around-dis-
figures the beautiful-levers reason to animal
darkness-annihilates all that is holy or gocd,
and in the general wreck, leaves thle tomb to
tell that he, who might have saved thousands,
has lived but to destroy his own soul.
It is worthy of remark, that most of the
great men of our country have not been less
distinguished for intellect, -Than for unsullied
private character, virtue, and patriotism.-
T''heir inheritance was not aAone the blessings
of liberty, but with it, an example which we
have only to follow in our private life, to make
this inheritance lasting as time.


Correspondence of the New York American.
NEW ENGLAND.
But, we must hasten on to Plymouth. I
will not stop to tell you of all the numerous
memorials of the Pilgrims, which we saw.-
We placed our feet on the immortal Rock, saw
Captain Standish's Hill--;sat in Governor Car-
ver's Chair, and bathed our eyes in the hay
where the May-Flower anchored-freighted


with the hopes and fears of two continents.
"The mists that wrapped the pilgrim's sleep,
Still brood upon the tide;
And his rocks yet keep their watch by the deep,
To stay its waves of pride."
The most interesting spot was the "Pilgrim
Burying-ground," on the. brow of the hill, near
the centre of the village. lie sleeps the con-
secrated dust of the stern exiles.
"The pilgrim exile--sainte(d name !
The hill whose icy brow
Rejoiced, when he came, in the morning's flame,
In the morning'sflame burns now."
As I thought of my forefather, and sought
for his grave, my proud blood mounted to nmy
temples. "Who would not glory in such an
ancestry?" thought I. As I sat amono the
mouldering tomb-stones of these New Erng-
land fathers, and mused on the indignitie I
which had been heaped on their memories, my
blood grew warm with an irrepressible indig-
nation. I give you the outline of my reflec-
tions.
Massachusetts, in common with all New
England has been unjustly charged with liar-
boring narrow religious prejudices, and an ohb-
stinate attachment to antiquated creeds and-1
forms. True, all classes of her citizens cher-
ish a deep reverence for Christianity, and are i
unwilling to break the cords of moral obliga-


From the Journal of Commerce.
LIBERIA.
We are indebted to a Boston friend for th
following extract of a letter from Mr. Samuf
Benedict of Monrovia, received by the last ai
rival. We mention the writer's name nP
merely as autliorily for his very interesting an
satisfactory statements, (and they are the mor
so from their evident candor, and the fact tha
they were meant only for aI private perusal,
but also for the purpose of bringing to th
knowledge of our readers a case and character
of no ordinary interest. Benedict, till wvilhlii
four or five years, was a slave at Savannah
where our friend keew him well. He wa
then employed in the cotton warehouse of ;
rich citizen, who entrusted him wih imrnportan
charges, and esteemed his services so highl,
as to pay hima salary of $500 or $600. Not
withstanding the laws, meanwhile he ha4
managed to get himself a very decent comn
mon education-his hand writing is beautiful-
and to bring up his little family in the sami
good fashion. Our friend saw him at hi:
house-a snug neat tenement, with a thrift,
garden and a small.orchard, plenty of poultry
pigs, &c., &e., on the premises. Within wae
a very decent array of furniture, little engrav
ings, -h bls,narid the-like, arranged with spe
eial taste, and kept in the best condition; bu
more observable to a strange eye, and evident
ly dearest to Benedict's own, was the library
which filled a book-case in his parlor, of n;
trifling size, and showing marks (as be did:, it
his conversation) of its having been diligently3
used. Here were Marshall's Washington an(
Scott's Commentaries, and numerous other seti
of most valuable volumes, constituting a capi
tal practical collection. Benedict is a memabe
of the Methodist church, we believe, and hai
lived an irreproachable life. Strictly tempe.
rate, and knowing especially the importance
of that virtue to his fellows, and in a new set,
element, lie got up before leaving Savannah, f
large Temperance Society among the colored
people, bond and free,'and we understand thai
every emigrant of the company who went ou:
to Liberia with him, had signed this Society',
pledge, and adhered to it for a long time pre.
vious. They were generally industrious me-
chanics likely to be of great service to the Co.
lony; and Benedict's good sense was apparent
in their selection. Jt was probably, on thE
whole, the best company which has ever gone
out. Benedict is now among the first men ir
Liberia, and doing immense good&. The Ly.
ceum is one of the fruits of his intelligence and
spirit. But let him speak for himself. Aftei
some preamble, in which he tenders acknowl.
edgements for books sent him by Gov. Everett
and others, &c. he proceeds thus:
"I will now commence by saying, that on
my arrival in Liberia, I was agreeably disap-
pointed in many things, (for I never believed
the whole of the extravagant account given by
F. Devany and others) principally in the hos-
pitality and the general abilities of the people,
lfor Il had a little better opportunity while in Amne-
rica above many of my colored friends to see
APow the whites conduct their matters, and con-
sidering what distant opportunities the best
colored man had to learn either theoretically or
practically how to manage the affairs of a na-
tion, I was surprised, and almost felt proud,
when I discovered that in our small, youthful
colony, the people were not slow in their im-
provement in self-government, &c. Again I
was truly pleased to find the degree of morali-
ty that prevails, and although for interest sake,
a majority favor the impor ing and sale of ar-
dent spirts, yet I have never seen less drunk-
enness, nor do I this day know of a confirmed
drunkard in our settlements, and no profane
swearing. Religion is greatly respected. Be-
sides this, the mortality of the place is far less
than is generally reported, and persons whose
circumstances admit of having comfortable
dwellings, wholesome diet, &c. suffer but lit-
tle; and Monrovia, after all that has been said,
is now a healthy place (for a warm climate,)
and with $2000 expended in draining some
low lands (good pasture land) on one side of
the town, I would guarantee that the health of
the place could be improved at least 10 per
cent. Agriculture is more attended to than
formerly, but there is much room for improve-
ment. There are a few fine but small farins;
the principal owners are D. Moore, J. J. Ro-
berts, the two Mr. Lewis's and A. Cheese-
man. D. Moore has brought sugar to perfec-
tion and of very good quality. For myself,
after comining here and beholding what a fine
country we possessed, I got greedy and under-
took too much, consequently done but little;
however, I had not been here more than five
months before I undertook to commence tlhe
planting of Coffee, from the plants growing
wild in the woods, but not then knowing the
proper season for setting out, I lost two-thirds
of my plants; but I continued from season to
season to plant out, and I have now about two
and'a half acres, containing from 12 to 1500
plants. I have nearly a hundred which have
commenced bearing, from which I will this
year make enough for more than my family
purposes. I hope by future opportunities to
be able to send a sample on to you and other


friends. I suggested in my former letter to
you, that as nothing prevented my planting
more largely of coffee, sugar cane and cotton,
but the want of means, and as I believe that a
gldat many of our American friends desires our
prosperity, and as the people of Massachusetts
are generally enterprising, and have no peculiar
attachment to one settlement above another,
that if either yourself or any of your friends
would but try'a few thousand dollars towards
making an experiment of agriculture in Libe-
ria on shares, I would then go into it with all
my heart, and I feel sanguine that in from three
to four year the money with interest would be
made, and a great many of our poor would
be employed as well as natives, who will at-
tain the art of civilized husbandry. 1 never
found any difficulty in procuring native labor,
and at this time have eight boys and a girl
with me, and never-gave a drop of ardent spirits
since I have been here; and as it is said by
many'that I could not succeed without rum,
I wish to carry the experiment fully out.
There has been a great deal of talk about
agricultural companies, but all ended in talk
(for according to the old adage too many cooks
spoil the soup.) I mentioned in mine before,
that if you or any of your friends had old Law
books, Law tracts, or any old books, partica-
arly such as Burr's trials, Decisions of the
U. S. Judges, &c. &c. (as in the colony there


will tell you tht No. 2 is nobody, arid you
must not visit there; and when you inquire
e why? thero'is no other answer but that they
'l are nob of the right sort. AS long as a poitioni
r- are rich and a portion are puc-r, there is a line -
t of denmareaticn easy to be drawn, even in a
ld deinocracv; but in Philadelphia, where there "
e are so many in aflutient circumstances, that
*t line has been eiTaced, and they rnow seek an
) imaginary one, like the equinoctial, which none
e can be pewmitited to pass without going through
r the ceremonies ofperfect ablution. This social
" contest, as may be supposed, is carried on-
, among those who have no real pretensli.iis; but
s there are many old and well-connected (ami-
a lies in Philadelphia, whose claims are univer-
t sally, although perhaps unwillingly aekniow- .--
f pledged. -
d Fr.i tile Conneclicut Courant.
NATURAL HISTORY. .
SAGACITY OF THE LAND' T,,RTOLSE.-Some
e time in June 1828, an anim I known here by
s that name was found in my garden, in the act
- of treating himself to green peas, small cu-
cuiibers and melons, among which he had
feasted several days, but the trespass had been
attributed to the thens and chickens. Being
" unwiffting to put him to death on the first con-.
tvictirn, a sm4il hole wvas bored through the
skirt of the upper shell, and a small cord of two
' or three yards in length was attached to it, and "
o he-tethered out in a conver;icnt place a few
Srods distant from the garden vegetables, and
Y marked on his breast plate, S. 11. \V., 1&3'--
The next day it was discovered that lie had
made his-'escape, having gnawed off his ,"tether
string." A few days alfr-r this he-was again
detected in the same place of his former tres-
s pass, and to secure him from commiting fur-
Sther depredations, a small ring of iron wire
a was linked into the hole of the shell, a more
substantial cc-rd attached to it, and the prisoner
a again placed upon his tether. This, however,
proved insufficient for his safe Ikeeping. The-
new cord was soon severed, and the vagrant
carrying offwith himt his iron ring and a small
s part of the cord, made a second escape. In.
June 1829, "Monsieur Tonson come again!"
and was detected in his old line of business.--
A trial for his crimes was instituted--the evi-
l dence againsthimwas tooclear to admit of doubt
She was found guilty-the number of pea pods,
cucumbers and melons of different kinds which
1 he had champed and ruined was ascertained as
I nearly as might bt, whereupon the court, con-
sisting principally of the females of the family,
sentenced him to be immediately put to death
by decapitation. But the poor convict had one
friend inthe court; that friend c-xerted his in-
fluence, and finally obtained a commutation of
Sthe punishment from death'to transportation,
- without limit of time. Pursuant of this order he
was conveyed to a small pond about a quarter .
of a mile from the garden, the scene of his
" transgressions; but, not pleased with his ac-
commodations among frogs and other creeping
things, soon found his way badk to his old
friends and their garden. He was then carried
nearly half a mile in an opposite direction, and
t thrown into a rallyl muddy brook environed
r with bogs and sedge grass.
In June 18S3, who should appear Ltoutir old
visitor again, with his marks and iron !intg?-
What should now be done? The majority of
the court denounced him an outlaw and utter-
ly beyond the reach of mercy. His frii-Inj and
advocate, however, urged in behalf of tli con-
vict that the sentence of transportation was
uiltout limit of time, and assured the court
that if a convenient opportunity sh:.uld ontfr r, he
would send him next to Botany Bna-but if
not, he would pledge himself to Carry him to a
place so distant that little ftear could be enter-
tained of his returning again to his old haunts.
Upon these terms a respite was obtained, and-
his sponser caused him to be transported to
Suffield, and there left in a -grass field a little
North of the meeting house. This expedient
served for that-year; but in June 1833, we had
the pleasure of another family visit from c-i r old
acquaintance. By this time the resentment
which had been felt toward him, had, in a
great measure subsided. He had become a
sort of pet, as we had a pleitiful supply that
year of cucumbers and other garden vegetables,
hle was allowed the whole range of thegarden.
But to fulfill my~engagerwent as his surty,and
as no opportunity olfered to ship him off to Bo-
tany Bay, I wrapped him up in a piece of'old
carpet, so that he could have no means of no-
ticing objects, carried him to Pcquonoc and.
threw him into a small stream in an alder
swamp near Rainbow mills. But, "true as the
needle to.the pole," he renewed his visit in
1835, but manifesting a desire to tarry with us '
longer than his company was agreeable, he
was carried to, and left in a brook-near the foot
of Turky Hills mountain. 'On the 20th inst.
he obliged/us will another call, and, as I sup-
pose, is yet in my garden.
He appears in fine health, plump and lusty,
but has no discernible increase of size, nor ap-
pearance of advance in age since my first ac
quaintance with him. He yet wears his iron
ring-the initials and date on his breast-plate,
though rendered somewhat obscure by abra-
sion, are yet legible, a'hd leaveno possible
doubt of his identity.


SAMUEL WOODRUFF.
Windsor, July 25th, 1839.

From the New York Commerclal Advertiser.
INTERESTING CEREMONY.
Married, on the morning of the 31st ultimo,
at the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb in
this city, by the Rev. Dr. Milnor, Mr. J. R.
BURNETT, of Livingston, N. Y., to Miss PHE-
BE OSBORNE, of Castile, Genesee county, N.
Y., (a pupil of the institution.)
We have seldom attended a matrimonial oc-
casion of more agreeable interest than the one
above mentioned.
It was a gala day at the institution. "The
annual examination of-the school'at the close.
of the term had passed off successfully the
day before, and the summer vac;iiir,n was just
,commencing. The Secretary of State, in his
official capacity, as superiutend, int of schools,
together with several other litr'ary gentlemen
of distinction, had attended the examination,
and all expressed themselves highly, gratified
with the progress of the pupils, and the pros-
perity -of the institution; the majority of the
pupils were just about to take their acrusto l-
ed summer tour into the country, l. visit their
parents and friends, and the weddiJ ngwas tobe


44O0ss"" %0





-L


FLORIDAn.-The fi ulowing letter was recei
ed at Key Weqt, aud thence forwarded to
gentleman in this city.
SINIBAL, (Florida,) Ju'y 22, 1839.
The sloop Jane, from Tampico, arrived
*the mouth of Sinibal river late in the evening
while the tide was running out. We were um
able to proceed to the encampment, which wi
situated about 8 miles up the river. We pro
needed, however, early next morning, and g(
about 5 miles up, \when we met a sloop with
or 8 men in her, and perceived that something
was wrong, as the men in said boat were som
half naked and others with their heads boui
Sup. Their cry was, "for God's sake tur
back, for Col. Haney and all the men ar
wotunled." The savages had surprised th
poor fellows at a time when least expected-
just before tlie dawri of d.iy. Some were sho
while lying in their beds; the men had nc
even time to seize their rifles. Those who es.
caped ran for the river and swam off to
sloop, (the one that we met.) The first ser
geain was wounded before reaching the rive]
An Indian from the bank entreated him to tur
back and bring his men with him and the
i ohil not hurt him; he foolishly turned badc
and two or three others following his advice
they were led away by the Indians and wer
raferwards shot. After turning back with sai
sloop, we stopped at the mouth of the rivei
and perceived a canoe running down which w
at first took for Indians, but judge our surprs
to find Col. Haney and a soldier, Who during
the murder had taken to the woods on th
bank of the river, anid there found the cano
and succeeded, in making their escape. Tb
firs-it word from the Col. was lvow many men
had escaped, and how many rifles had we left
which upon examination we found to be three
The gallant Col. immediately determined 01
going back, as in all probability some of th
men had escaped and were yet on the banks c
the river. It was a very hazardous expedition
to proceed 8 miles up a river lined with 'In
dians, and only two or three rifles to protect
themselves. The men nimmi-llod th-ir oars so a
to make as little noise as possible, and started
:i about 14 o'clock at night. They got to th
camp just before daylight, and after crawling
up the bank the firs thing that met their view
was the body of one of their comrades mang
led in a most shocking manner, scalped, and
his entrails and eyes taken out. They pro
needed a little further and found some six o
seven in the; same situation. Judging it no
prudent to remain long, they seized on wha
few things the Indians had left, which wer
three kegs of pickles, a bag of corn, and som
cot'ce, and returned to the sloops. The Col
despatched one sloop to Tampal with 2 men
that were wounded;, and with our boat we pro
needed for Cape Florida. The first day wi
were fired Iuptn by Indians, about fifty miles
from the Sinibal, but we were too far fron
land lor the shot to take any effect. On thi
27th we arrived at Cape Sable, and fell in with
-the schr. Chas. Howe, which we hired to go
to Cape Florida, to put what few troops an
there on their guard. I put into Key Vacas
which gives me this opportunity of relating thi
news. The number of soldiers stationed a
Sinibal was -25,a sutler and his clerk, and two
men employed as laborers; the number missing
is 13 soldiers, the sutler and his clerk, and tle
two men employed as laborers, and one main
employed as pilot.
The sutler's name is Dallaw, the clerk's
name Morgan, the carpenter's name is Howard
ilthe pilot's name H. M'Carty; soldiers names
not known-13 in all.
The Indians have got considerable boats
The sutler had an assortment of goods wortt
about $2 or 3000, and about $1000 in specie
The soldiers had 14 patent rifles, 6 carbines, I
keg power, a number of percussion eaps, ant
a great quantity of private property belonging
to Col. Haney and soldiers. They had place
every confidence in the Indians. They would
come into camp every day and talk with th(
men, aad when asked if they were satisfied
with the treaty answered they were.
The following singular event is related ir
the Jackson (Lou.) Republican of the 27tl
July:
STRANGC Oc'CtRHErcE.-Amongst the appa.
rently endless catalogue of strange occurrences
and crimes with which the press has teemed,
the following, which has been communicated
in a letter from a lady residing near the scene
'* otf action to her friend in this vicinity, is a lit-
tle the strangest we have met with. Not hav-
ing seen the letter, we are under the necessity
of giving a second hand account of th& affair,
and may consequently be inaccurate in some
of our details; but the substanlial facts are as
furnished to us. Being personally acquainted
witlitthe riter of the letter, we have no hesi-
tatioi in expressing our belief of her state-
ments. Here is the strange tragic tale.
Some time sine? thie sheriff of a county in
the southern part of Mississippi had received,
in his official character, a large sum of money
- -say fifteen or twenty thousand dollars. Un-
der pretext of a call from home for a day or
two, lie placed the money in the keeping of
his wife, horn he charged to take good care
o' it.


Late in tlie evening of he day on which he
left home, a stranger of genteel appearance
alliedd at 'thel house, and asked permission to
remain .Qver night. l)isliking to entertain a
stranger during her husband's absence, the
wife of thie sheriff denied the request, and the
stranger rode on. Directly after his departure,
however, the lady came to the conclusion that
she had done wrong in refusing to take him
in, and sent a servant to recall him.. The gen-
tleman returned, and soon after retired to
rest..
Late in the night, three men disguised as
negroes, came to the house, called up the lady,
and demanded possession of the money left ini
her charge. Believing that there was no help
for it, she at length told them *that the money
was in another room, and that she would go
and get it for them.
It so happened that the money had been de-
posited ii the room occupied by the stranger;
and on her going for it she found him up and
loading his pistols. He lhad been awakened
,by the noise, and had overheard most of the
conversation between his hostess and the rob-
bers.
Telling the lady to be of good heart lie gave
her a loaded pistol, and instructed herto go
out and present the money to one of the rob-
bers and to shoot the fellow while in the, act
of doing so-on her doing which he (the stran-
ger) would be ready for the other two.
With a coolness and courage that is difficult
to conceive of in a woman, she did as directed,
qad the robber fell dead at her feet. Another
instant and the stranger's bullet had floored a
second robber. T['he third attempted escape,
but was overtaken at the gate by the stranger,
and fell under the thrust of his knife!
As soon as practicable the neighbors were
alarmed and on washing the paint from tihe
faces of tie dead robbers, the one killed by
the lady proved to he her own husband, and
the other two a couple of her near neighbors.
'i- r- 1.1'. __. in- -


V- Frum the Bufftlo Commercial Advertiser.
UPPER CANADA.-The contests between th
a Tory and Durham factions increase in frequent
cy, but in nearly every instance the latter, ow
ing to their superiority in numbers, come ol
at victorious. The reforms and radicals all ap
g, pear ton mu-ter under the Durham flag. Th
n- Hlamilton Express of the 31st ult says:
Is On Saturday last a number of Freeholder
o- from Dundas came into town in wagons, to at
)t tend the district meeting. They brought witI
7 them a very splendid and large blue flag, with
g "Durham and Responsibility," in white letter
le on it. This flag was not exhibited during th
d meeting; but in the evening, on the return c
mn the party it was of course displayed. A party
e of Tories, smarting under the constitution
.e defeat which they had suffered at the meet
- ing, formed a plan to capture the flag, and se
at veral of them surrounded the wagon, nea
)t Burley's hotel, and turned the horses out c
s- the road. They were however doomed to sul
a fer another defeat--the brave Dundas people
r- were completely victorious-unprepared, and
r. being assaulted with stones and bludgeons
n they beat their assailants in fine style, an
y bore off their flag in triumph.
;, An attempt was made at night by the fag
e, end of the Family Compact, to burn Lord Dur
e ham in effigy. But the Reformers were deter
d mined that no indignity should be offered t
-, that nobleman, and therefore proceeded to th
e spot, gave the disturbers of the public peace
e good drubbing and obliged them to sneak ti
g their holes. The effigy was torn to pieces.
e On the Saturday mentioned above, an im
e mehse meeting of the Freeholders of the Gonr
e District, was held in'fronit of the Court-house
n in Hamilton, for the purpose of giving express
;, sion to the opinion of the District on Lor
X. Durham's Report on the state of Canada.-
n The Express says, there were about three
e thousand persons present, principally the head
)f 'of families, as the farmers being in the middhi
n of the hay harvest, could not allow their assis
- tants to attend, without serious. injury.
t Resolutions approving in the strongest man
s ner of the Report, were passed by overwhelm
d ing majorities after having been fully discus
e sed. Sir Allan Macnab, when he came on thi
g. ground, was received with hisses and othe
v marks of disapprobation, but nevertheless made
- a speech. In the course of his remarks, ac
d cording to a report in the Hamilton Express
- he said:
r He believed the present House of Assembly
t represented the feelings-of the country-(cries
t of no! no!)-well, it was a much better house
e than the last, in which a Lount, a Mackenzie
e a Rolph, a Wells, and a Bidwell had seats
. The first was hanged, (some persons in thi
n crowd cried out "murdered!") Very well
). you may call it murder, but was not Colone
e Moodie murdered, Captain Usher and Docto
s Hume murdered? The Hon. Speaker denied
n that there was any such-body as the Family
e Compact, and called on the meeting to name
h one of them, (cries of 'yourself.')
0- He gloried in being a Canadian born, and
e thought that they were entitled to office if
, qualified. He agreed with many things ir
SLord Durham's Report, .but with respect to
t the responsibility recommended, the difficulty
o was where to mark the line; the heads of de.
r apartments being responsible to the House of
e Asseminbly, if they did not agree, and the Gov
n ernor refused to act, they would say why not
elect-our own Governor, there's no use of send.
s ing across the water for one? (Cries of move
your amendment!) Oh, I'll move it, said Sir
SAllan, andlose it too-(loud laughter.)
The amendment was then put, and Sir Al.
Slan himself jumped off the hustings, to give
i confidence to his party. But not more thar
; one hundred joined the ranks.
I The original resolution was carried by an
I overwhelming majority and with loud cheers.
Y We give the above as a sample of the spirit
That is now rife in Upper Canada. The people|
I appear to have taken hold of the subject with
Great unanimity, and a firm determination to
I procure reform and a responsible government
by peaceful, constitutional means. That they
will succeed, if they persevere as they have be.
i gun, we have not a doubt. They are sustain-
ed by an immense body of intelligent men in
the mother country, and constituting, as they
* do, an overwhelming majority of the Canadian
population, the clique that now governs the pro.
, vince will find it impossible to resist them.
t Two men were arrested in Baltimore on Fri-
day night, on suspicion of offering spurious or
counterfeit notes.
On searching them there was found on them
* a large amount of notes of the deninmination of
fives and tens, purporting to be issued by the
Exchange Bank and Savings Institution of Phi-
. ladelphia, and signed by C. Cummings, as
. President. The notes were dated on the 9th
December, 1838, and January 2, 1838. They
had also in their possession a number of five
and ten. dollar notes, purporting to have been
issued by the Illinois Exporting Mining and
Manufacturing Companies; some made paya-
ble at the Savings Bank in Louisville. Some
* of the notes were signed by officers and others
were in blank.


On being taken before the Mayor, they un-
derwent an examination, and one of the men
arrested said his name was Colin Cummings,
and that lihe was the President of the Exchange
Bank and Savings Institution, that he had been
appointed to that office by Messrs. W. H.
Weed, -- Mason, and Jacob Berlin-that
he was- to have received $1,000 a year, and
that his principal, if not hisonly business was
to sign the notes of the Bank. In answer to
a question, how he came in possession of so
many of the notes of the Bank, which were in
packages, marked and their amount numbered,
and which had evidently never been issued, he
said they were given to him by Mr. W. H.
Weed, whom he was to meet in this city; but
did not appear to have any clear idea of what
was to be done with the notes, or indeed any
thing more about them, than that they were
given to him to keep. He further stated, that
he had given a number of them to his compan-
ion, to go a frolicking with, which he did no
seem to think, was inconsistent with the charge
he had received to keep them for Mr. Weed.
The oilther person gave in his name as Sam-
uel Grable. said he was raised in the interior
of Pennsylvania, opC kept an Oyster House
in Philadelphia; but had never been so far
honored as to receive the appointment of Prpe-
sident of a bank ofany'kind. They were com-
mitted in default of baiL,--,Patrlot.
This Insti'tution blew up some time since
and was one of the frauds perpetrated in this
city under the guise of Savings Institutions,

Reported for the Courier and Enquirer.
Ax OLD OFFEINDER "CAUGHT AT LAST."--
A'blaek villain, named Charles Quinn, who
has for two years past been "running the gaunt-
let" between the police of this city and Phila.,
delphia, was yesterday arrested by officer Ho-
man, oni a warrant, brought on by High Con-
stable Young, of Philadelphia, on complaint
of having a short time since robbed a Mr. Ro-
hort T. Mnarrins nof a xi, wintch anrdI chnin of


SERIOUS CASUALTY -We 1It that the
e train of burden cars, loaded wit n for thin
SLaurel Factory, on the Patuxenin fire yes
- terday from the sparks of thtm otive en
ff gine on tie Washington railrn It, abou
Sforty bales of cotton were c lhe loss
e sustained, in consequence o dent, is
estimated at about three thousand dollars.-
3 Experience seems to have demonstrated tha
While the moving power of the engines in use
h upon our railroads is generated by the combus
h tion of wool, as fuel, it is exceedingly difficult
8 to avoid an occasional accident by fire upon the
e line of the road. This being assumed, as i
)f can hardly be controverted, the greater safety
Y -we might almost say the thorough safety-
1 of coal, when used for that purpose, ought to
t- be a strong recommendation to the latter, am
- to secure it the preference in all cases, so fa
tr as practicable.
'f Looking to the English practice in regard t
- railroad operations, and to manufactures gene
e rally, as well as to our own, it may be pretty
d safely asstimed, that all things capable of being
3, accomplished by the use of wood as fuel, ma:
d be achieved by that of coal. This being thi
case, and in view of the relative risks involve
Sin the use of one or the other, itbecomes a pro
- fitable subject of inquiry to those charged witl
r- the management of our works of improvement
o requiring the agency of steam locomotives, hov
e far and how fully it is practicable to substitute
a coal for wood, as the agent for generating
0 steam.-Balt. Pat.

I- A correspondent of the New York Ameri
e can, writing from Utica, says-
e Fifty years ago, the sport where Utica nov
- stands, was the end of the world,in this direct
1 tion. In those days, John Jacob Astor, and
- Peter Smith, (father of Gerritt,) travelled thi
e ground from Schenectady to Utica on foot pur
s cha'?inmg fuiir at the Indian settlements on thi
e route. The'Indians aided them in carrying thi
- furs back to Schenectady. Returned from thei
perilous adventure to "the Far West," they
- opened, a little shop in New York city, and
- sold skins at retail. When their stock was
- exhausted, they again penetrated the lonely
e forests of "the frontier," and replenished thei
r store. Astor continued the business many
e years, but Smith commenced the purchase o
- land. Summers went and came, and wave af
, ter wave of emigration rolled up the long de
file of the Mohawk. Mark the change. 'Tw
y years since, Smith died at Schenectady, leave
s ing millions of acres to his heirs. Astor still
e lives, one of the wealthiest untitled common
Users in the world. Judge Smith lived to trave
Sthe route from Schenectady to Utica, in fou:
e hours. And to-day, when the sun's evening
, rays shall hide from the undimmed eye of John
1 Jacob Astor behind the blue hills of Jersey, its
r vertical beams will be falling on the fur traders
1d of our now Ultima Thule, the mouth of the
y Oregon. Bishop Berkely never dreamed o:
e such changes when he penned the line,
"Westward the star of empire takes its way."
f From the Commercial Advertiser.
I ALTERED BANK NOTES.-Messrs. Editors-
9 Please do your readers the favour to caution
Them against a new fraud in bank notes-i1
- ought rather to say, against the revival of am
f old trick, for I believe it was practised to a
. considerable extent some ten or' twelve years
t ago. I refer to the multiplication of bank notes
- by mutilating them, and passing the part of i
3 note for the whole. Twenty dollar notes o:
r the Princeton Bank, and those of the State
Bank at New Brunswick, of the same deno.
- mination, have recently been operated upon
and from several that I have examined, I infer
i that the operation has been nearly as follows:
Twenty good twenty dollar notes have beer
i torn crosswise, each in two pieces-but no twc
. bills were torn apart at the same place in the
t note. Probably the first bill has only th(
b margin of one end torn off; the second was di.
i vided a little farther in the note, and so pro.
Sgressively, each a little farther on than the
t next preceding one, to the last note, which
Shad only the margin taken off from the oppo,
Site end to that of the first. Then the firstand
- the last torn bills were circulated without the
Marginal end; the margin of the first note was
pasted to the larger fraction of the second, the
* smaller part of-which was attached to the lar-
ger of thIe ihird, and so on through the whole
number, till the margin of the last was at.
tached to the larger part of the next before it
- -thus omt of twenty making twenty-one pass-
r ably good looking bills, no one consisting of
more than two pieces.
The banks will of course only pay thl pro.
portionate value of the notes, and you will
therefore accomplish the double purpose of
protecting the innocent from loss, and defeat-
ing the-pTans of, the villanous, bypublishing
the existence of the fraud." A BANKER,
*
WooL.-This great staple article of our fer-
tile mountain State, we are happy to learn,
continues to be taken off the hands of the
growers at about fifty cents per pound. No
doubt but the farmers would be pleased to ob-
tain a higher price, and doulbtess some of them
may, for superior lots; at least, we hope thpy
may, but we could not advise them to hold op


too long in these unsettled times. Should this
year's clip, however, all go off this season, it
will be an effectual remedy for hard times
(with the promising harvest prospect before
us) in Vermont, this year.
The proceeds of the wool in this State, if
all sold at an average of fifty cents per pound,
will not vary much from fifteen hundred thou-
sand dollars. Add to this the probable income
from the sale of sheep, beef, pork,- butter,
cheese, &c., one million and a half more, ma-
king THREE MILLIONS; and we are sure no for-
eign panic created by the loco-focos, or any
other faction, can effect Verront vTery much.
With her industry, good habits, and wmig
principles, she cannot but be happy-without
any of the "spoils," or 4th instalment!-Rut-
land (Vt.) Herald.

FRPNTIER INDIANS.-In November, 1l36, it
was estimated that the number of emigrant In-
dians west of the Mississippi amounted to
81,082. Of the indigenous tribes ft e Coqmris.
sioner of Indian Affairs reported 131,806 as
within striking distance of the western frontier,
The whole number of removed and native
tribes to the west of Missouri and Arkansas is
312,888. Of these it is officially estimated
that every fifth individual is a warrior, consti-
tuting a forest of O,77 warriors.
Ofthe Indiaps remaining to the east of the
Mississippi in November, and under naty
stipulations to remove, there were 26,482. n
this ef-stirmaie the Florida I4dians are set down
at 835! This miserable perantnp of a tribe de:-
fies successfully the arms of the United Stat4o,
What will be;the state of things when the ra-
pid encroachments of the white man beyond
the Mississippi shall invade the territory now
occupied by more than sixty thousand warriors?
Tho 4ay s rapidly approaching when it will
be necessary to -bargain ap4 fight again for a
new Indian dopaain.^-N. Y. ur -. Pvq:


e ITEMS.
S We learn that a sale of morus multicaulis
" trees, four feet high, was made in Norfolk on
- Friday last, at one dollarper tree.
t
s The Anthracite Furnace, at this place, is
s still in blast and works remarkably well: using
- nothing but stone coal as a fuel.-Mauch
t Chunk (Jour.
e Even the summit of the Allegheny against
- anything east of the Susquehanna! Mr. Da-
t vid Harris, a farmer in the vicinity of Ebens-
e burg, 'raised a calf, which at the age of one
i year, weighed 737 pounds, and at two, weigh-
Y ed 1130 pounds. Beat that you braggadocio's
- 'what lives way down east to'ards Philadel-
o phy.'-Hollidaysburg Standard.
d
r A little boy about twelve years of age was
knocked down in Howard street, Baltimore, on
o Tuesday morning by a ruffian negro, as he
- came out of the Commercial and Farmers'
y Bank, and robbed of $20. The man was taken
g and committed to jail.
y Anthony Rhodes, Esq., of Missisquoi Bay,
e L. C., formerly a merchant of Franklin, Vt.,
Swas at the former place, when returning from
h church, was suddenly thrown from his car-
h riage, on Sunday the 4th inst., and almost in-
t stantly killed. His age was not far from:70.
e From the New York Commercial Adverti-
g ser we learn, that the Hon. Samuel L. South-
ard, has accepted the invitation to deliver an
address at the twelfth annual fair. The occa-
- sion, the character, information and eloquence
of Mr. Southard, will increase the interest of
v this anniversary, and with additional attrac-
- tions, which the great preparations indicate,
d this will undoubtedly be the most imposing
e exhibition of the kind ever seen in America.
- The evening of the 10th of October is assigned
e for this address.
Ie MURDER.-We are informed that a man by
the name of Ritner, was discovered at Cones-
Y toga in this county, the past week who
d had been murdered. He was found in the
Conestoga Canal where he had undoubtedly
Y been thrown for concealment, A fellow called
r Nat Parker has been arrested op suspicion of
f being the murderer, and another whose name
. we have not learned, believed to be an accom-
Splice, has made his escape. We have been
Sable to learn no further particulars.-Columbia
S(Pa.) Courant.
1 SYMPLE CURE FOR DYSENTERY.-At this
- season of the year, when this distressing and
1 often times fatal disease is prevalent in our
r cities and populous towns, an old friend has
g handed us the following simple Receipt, for
1 publication, which has been practised in his
s family for many years, with uniform success,
s even in the most alarming stages of the com-
e plaint. Take of Indian Corn, roasted and
f ground in the manner of Coffee, (or of coarse
meal browned,) and boil in sufficient quantity
of water to produce a strong liquid like Coffee,
and drink a tea cup full warm, two or three
times a day-One days practice, it is said, will
- ordinarily effect a cure.-Jlbany ldv,
S NAVAL.-The U. S. ship Erie, commander
STaylor, arrived on the '26th at Per*sacola.-
SThe Erie'was last at Tampico, having pre-
s viously been at Vera Cruz. Our minister,
s Mr. Ellis, says thoe Pensacola Gazette, was
Received with all the honors tihit could be
f shown him there, A military escort was sepn
E to conduct him to Mexico, and the public au-
. thorities seemed anxious to make every possi:
ble demonstration of respect towards him.
r The Lieut. Governor of Upper Canada has
Issued a proclamation, offering a reward of
S$9000 for the apprehension of Lett, the alleged
Murderer of Capt, liFher, and also implicated
Sin the late affair at Cobouyg,
S The Alexandria Gazette says.-It is under-
. stood, we believe, that the question of remov-
ing the office of the Chesapeake and Ohio
SCanal Company, from"Wathington, is, for the
present, to be dropped.
BiI Omots,.1Mr, Jesse Yingling, who re-
sides on the farm of Mr, Freder}ick Woeble,
near town, has presented us with an onion
which measures thirteen and one-fourth inches
in circumference, and weighs '14 ounces.-
, Ralt. Pat.
: HYDROPHOBIA .aThe proprietor of Jenni-
son's remedy, East India medicine, or spintus
f vitae, has adopted a method, by the advice of a
number of physicians, to introduce the same.
It is to he presented to every family, with di-
rections for its use, and remarks on several
c eases of that horrid disease, which have occur-
- red in this city. We ^tink i, s commendable,
- as we have every reason to bheieyp it to bp an
Invaluable medicine. A 'ecept discovery of
its efficacy in asthma, by Dr. Wilson of this
city, an application of which was made by him
to tho spine and breast, in a very severe ease
with immediate and permanent' relief, This
fact should be generally known to the faculty.
-N. Y. Gaz.
MURDER.-The Salt River Journal of the


7th July says:-On the 198h inst., at tlhe
hopse of t)eir father-in-law, Mr. James Ander-
sop, in Pike jecupty, Mo., J3pope J. Elliott and
D. Peterbaugh had a quarrel, in wtich the
former stabbed the latter wiih a kpife; apd oc-
casioned the death of the wounded map wthin
about half or three-fourths of an hour, Said
Elliott is supposed to be laboring under a par-
tial alienation of mind; he is no in jail at this
place, and as we presume the matter will it
dergo judicial investigation, we forbear any
further wmar1Ts.
NEW LIGHT FOR LIGHT Hovsus.,A ,,letter
of the 10th ult., from Trieste, states that a new
system of producing light for lighthouses has
been invented by a serjeant-major in the Aus-
trian arti|lpry tpamned Selcknosky. The ap-
paratus consists of a payabolic iFrpr, r!2 inch-
es by 30, with a 18 inch focus, and the ijght is
produced by a new kind of wax candle, inf
vented by M. Selcknosky. It has been tried
under the inspection of the Austrian Lloyd's
Company in the port of Trieste, by being erect-
ed on the mast of a vessel. The light is said
to haqve illuminated the whole of the port and
the suroundipg parts of thp tpwp equal to the
moon at full (); an at the distao.e of 6p0
yards the finest writing can he read. A se-
cond trial has been made in bad weather, and
the result was proportionably favorable.-
London Nautical Magazine. -
A SwINDLER.-The Lewisburg People's
44yopate cautions the public against a journey-
man punter, by the pam of Jones, who is in
the habt of defrauding the keepers of oardipg !
houses and publishers whenever an bpportiuni-
y presepts itself. This same loafer tried his a
hand in this way both upotn s 4ap his lapdlord,
at the commencement of our editorial career,.
He is so evidently a rogue, that if any one is a
defrauded by him, it is not for want of a pro-
per warning.-Columbus (Pa.) Courant.
THE EDITORIAL DUEL IN NEW ORLEANS.-- p
,.,VP ae g a-jfiIJ," observes the N. Orleans
A.4dvertiser'of the Ist inst. .tiap the duel b:,


BUFFALO, Aug. 6.--Narrow Escape from
Lightning.-About 11 o'clock this forenoon,
the school house on the Church street, contain-
ing something like two hundred scholars, boys
and girls, was struck by lightning. All felt
the shock, and some were thrown down, but
none were killed. The escape of Miss Dow,
the mistress, seems almost miraculous. Her
shoes were torn from her feet by the electric
fluid, and she was rendered insensible for a
few minutes, but we are happy to learn has re-
ceived no serious injury. A young daughter
of Mr. Silas Sawin was also slightly injured.
Beyond this we are not able to learn that any
suffered harms, except from the fright and the
temporary shock resulting from the presence
of the electricity. The escape of the children
is really wonderful.-./dv. and Jour.
A French Journal states that chloruret of
lime, a disinfectingagent,may be advantageous-
ly used to destroy the smell of fresh paint. In
a newly painted room, carefully closed, lay
boards, about 3 feet long by 2 broad, and
spread over them a quantity of hay, damped
and sprinkled with the chloruret; and it will
be found that the decomposing action of the
carbonic acid of the air will neutralize the
smell of paint.
The Norfolk Beacon states that the follow-
ing vessels of war are fitting out at the Navy
Yard, at that place. Frigate Brandywine,
Comn. Bolton, destined for the Mediterrauean;
Sloop of War York Town, recently launched,
and the Schr. Grampus, Lt. Comn. Paine, for
the West Indies. The frigate Potomac is in
the Dry Dock undergoing repairs.
HEAVY TRiz.-There is a butternut tree on
the premises of Mr. Clement Chase of Cor-
nish, the branches of which spread over an
area of sixty-one feet, extending something
over thirty feet in each direction from the
trunk. It yields twenty-three bushels of nuts
a year, and when laden with fruit is so heavy
that it is always chained, to prevent the trunk
from being split by its superincumbent weight.
Claremont (N. H.) Eagle.
On the 6th inst., Mary Virginia, infant
daughter of the Rev. Geo. St. C. Hussy, of
Fayetteville, whilst at play, fell from the porch
of his dwelling, into a vessel, used for the pur-
pose of collecting water and was drowned.-
The child had escaped parental vigilance but
a short time before it was discovered; yet every
remedial effort to restore life proved unavail-
ing. Thus haye tender and christian parents
been called in the mysterious ways of Provi-
dence, to mourn the loss of an only Interesting
child. But to them there is sufficient consola-
tion in the divine belief that their loss is the
child's eternal gain.
MyLAICHOLY ACCIDENT.-Mr. James Ha-
gen, a foreman op the I3eaver Division, Penn-
sylvania Canal, and Mr, James Irvinp, a fore-
man on the job of Mr. Corey, at New Castle,
were both drowned on the 27th ult., whilst at-
tempting to cross the Shenango pool in a leaky
skiff. They have both left wives and children
to mourn their sudden fate.-Meadville Dem.
A NEw DA,,- It has beep determined by
the Board of Canal Commissioners, to build
a new dam across the Lehigh, at Easton, for
the purpose of feeding the Delaware Division
of the Pennsylvania Canal upon a place 'im-
mediately below the present one.--im. Sent.
The St, Louis Republican records a feat of
two boys, abopf thirteen years of age, who
swam h fp Missjssippi;-4h1p ri;er s nepaly a
mile wide at the place of starting, but op ac-
count of the current they did not land until
about two miles below the starting point.
FINING A GOVERNOR.-A good joke is told
of Gov. Boggs. By the ordinance of the city
pf Jefferson, discharging a pistol within the
pity limits is ppnihaJhe by fine. The Gover-
nor broke this law ap4 Was haple4 up before
the Mayor, and finedfive dollars, Th Gover,
nor protested-contending that he had the
power to remit the fine. The Mayor denied
this doctrine and was about preparing a mitti-
mus to lodge the Governor in jail, when some
of his friends forked, over, and released the
digrinary from durancee vile." As there is
no precedent'in the booke we pommeud this
case to the attention of jurists.---S t/. "Lous Re-
publican.
MORMONISM IN NEW JERsEY.-Some dis-
ciples of Joe Smith have established them-
selves in the naighborhood of New Egypt, and
in other places in Monmouth.' They fist ap
peared there some six months ago, and, ac-
cording to the Trenton Gazette, have made
converts of several persons of some standing
and influence: their numbers are increasing.
]Jc uREA^EU.-6sr, Jacob Townsend, of
Westpt'ester county, ( lhas ipvepted a
patent steam ice breaker,'foi the purpose of-
keeping the iHudsop open during the winter.
It is a cylinder fii}} of s4out jron teeth sis pend-
ed undsr the bows of a steamboat, which rer
volves by the power of the engine, and is ex-
pected to chew up the ice in a rapid manner.
HONEY DEW IN OHIO.-The Lower San-


dusky Whig says:-"This curious phenome-
non so inexplicable to many, has been unusu-
ally abupdapt in this section for the last few
weeks; indeed, wp do not repojlp,t of pypr
seeing it more so. Upon examinpng some
leaves upon which this substappe was discov-
ered, we fo pd it very palpable, quite thick,
gummy, and yielding an agreeable sapeharing
taste."
George Poindexter-formerly a member of
the U. S. Senate from Mississippi-has re-
moved to Texas.
The packet shbippucpjies of prleans, which
sailed yesterday carried out $90,0PPO'ip sppPie.
-N. Y. rmer. .....
FROM HAVANA.--Capt. Peterson, of the
brig Patpy B. Blount, arrive this morning
from Havana, reports that on the 80th of July
a Spanish slave schooner arrived at Havana, a
prize to H. B. M. brig Snake. The vessel
was captured on the 3d of July, at which time
she had 175 slaves on board. Thiy were
landed at Jamaica, and the schooner brought
to Havana for trial.-N. Y. Corn. .ddv.
The schooper JLone1 at lew Orlpanp, frpon
Tampieo, brought $194'6.7 p specep.
A man in New Orleans whose physician
directed a rigid vegetable diet, asked if mint
julaps come within the restriction.
"DEMOCRATIC" SIMPLICITY AND ,EcONOMY.
-Mr. Speaker Polk had a new Chair provid-
ed for him, which was put up during the recess
in*' 3', at thie trifing expnps of Two thous-
and one hun rid t idlly-,our dollars,
The expressed jpice Qo the Tomato vipe,.n
produced into the crevices of the bedstead, with
a feather, is said to effectually destroy bed-
bugs.
JEFFERSONIAN DEMOCRACY.-For the ap-
pointment to office, the only inquiry should be,
is he honestly is he capable? is hlie faithful to
the Contitution?1t-L--rJdfifsonls Answe. to


THE NORTH AMERICAN.
PHILADELPHIA.
Saturday, August 17, 1839.
The summer excursions of Mr. Clay and
Mr. Van Buren seem at present to occupy the
public attention, in the absence of more impor-
tant occurrences. The tour of the President,
undisguisedly made'on party principles, differs
in this respect from that of any one of his pre-'
decessors. Gen. Jackson may have had popu-
larity and increase of party influence as much
in view, in his journey of 1832, but he did not
openly appeal to his party and those whom he
came to visit, and from whom he expected at-
tentions. No attempt has been made to sus-
tain the principle on which Mr. Van Buren's
tour was undertaken; and yet we could not
have deemed it strange if some had considered
the principle capable of a sound defence, and
had come forward to defend it. The expedi-
tioe cannot surely stand in a worse light, than
to be tacitly acknowledged a mere party move-
ment, entered upon because it would promote
party designs, and although it must meet with
a share of reprobation, result on the whole, in
more gain than loss. Mr. Van Buren and Mr.
Clay have a right to travel, during the inter-
mission of their public labors, and it may be
said that they have a right to receive such at-
teutions as their fellow citizens are disposed to
offer. But it would be quite too much to ex-
pect that the people will view their excursions
in this light alone. Both are concerned in the
next Presidential election, and both are men of
too much forecast and too much acquaintance
with human nature, not to have seen that their
present movements would be generally consi-'
dered as having a political bearing. Both have
been received and addressed as political leaders,
and both have responded in that character.
Instead, therefore, of wasting words in the
idle charge of electioneering, and instead of
trifling comparisons of processions, cheers, &c.,
would it not be well to take into serious con-
sideration the question whether such tours and
formal receptions, in the case either of Presi-
dents or candidates for the Presidency are on
the whole beneficial? In some parts of our
country, as is well known, candidates for office
arp e*peCted to make the circuit of their dis-
trict, and address thi electors on the subject of
the pending election. If we mistake not, there
is in the Middle and Northern States an in-
creasing disposition to look with favour on the
gradual introduction of a similar custom. The
political tours of 4r, Clay, Gen. Harrisop, jr.
Webster and Mr. Van Buren cannot be regard-
ed as essentially different from those to which
we have alluded.
It must be that the practice admits of at least
a plausible defence. Certain it is that weighty
copsideratiops, (we do not say conclusive) may
be urged against it. (Jan any inquiry, then,
more properly demand candid and patient
thought, and free discussion, than that which
relates to the policy of such excursions, their
effect on the community, and the countenance
which should be given to them by men of char-
acter anp4 ipflueppeI

On Monday evening next Ward meetings
are to be held, at which five delegates from
each ward will be chosen to nominate the
ticket for the coming October election. Were
it proposed that these delegates should (by a
change of the State Constitution) bp et-(ipopw-
ered to make the final election of representa-
tives, &c. the proposition would be scouted.
But it should be remembered that under the
presep.$ sys~pm of pary aptipn, 1ho0p .P
dominate do in fact decide the election, if the
party for which the nomination is made con-
tains a majority of the voters. It is not pre-
tended that this authority to nominate is to be
compared, in respect to the evils which it may
Involve, with suph a power of appoiptment as
that above referred to; but jt is liable in some
degree to the same kind of abuse. So lopg as
we can devise no better plan of nomination
than that which is now employed, let us make
every effort to avoid the evils to which this is


confessedly exposed. And how is this to be
done! We answer by the attendance at the
ward meetings, of every qualified voter. To
eav 4 few mnpp to appoint delegates, when
these delegatesare to make a nomination which
in orlipary asps is equivalent to ap elpctioin,
in the case of the dominant party, is surely far
from being democratic. Party discipline has
been extensively a violation of true democratic
principles; and it will be so, until men are
awake to the question of party nomination,
apd jealops of the nomIqpatipg dpelgaiop.
In former years the ward& meetings have of-
ten been neglected; and the result has been,
that the ticket presented by the delegates has
been. nacaepta'ble to many of the voters, who
have nevertheless sustained it for the sake of
the party. We would now urge upon our fel-
low citizens the importance of attending to the
election of delegates, that the nomination may
be, as far as possible, a nomination by the peo-
ple.
As to that party adherence which wou 14
lead the elector, for the sake of party, to vote
for a candidate whom he cannot approve,-ve
have little sympathy with it. Each individual
must judge for himself of his duty in such a
case. His decision should of course depend
on the nature of the objection to the fandidale
tropospd, and the impor ance of the sucepas of
his party. But let it be known that the elec-
tors are determined to maintain a suitable in-
dependence in this respect, and those to whom
nomination is entrusted will he held in check.
The first dmty, however, is to secure an up-
right and judicious nowinati l body,


ME HEMET ALI.--,-nThe July number of Lit-
tell's Museum contains, among it- selections
from Foreign Magazines, an article from the
United Service Journal, giving a sketch of the
rise and progress of Mehemet Ali. The histo-
ry of this remarkable man is an interesting sub-
ject, and the writer has presented it in an able
manner. The aged warrior is brought again
into public notice by the prospect of war be-
tween Turkey and Egypt, and a.review of the
periods of his life, condensed from the article
above mniironed, may be convenient for those
who have not leisure to read the whole.
Mehemet Ali was born in the year 1769 at
Cavala, a small sea port town near Philippi.
His father, who was an inferior officer of the
Turkish police died, and left him, at the age of
four-years, totally unprovided for. The Aga
of the place, a Turk named Toussoon, was his
uncle; and by him Mehemet was received and
educated. His education, however, extended
only to horsemanship and the use of arms.-
Reading and writing were left to be learned as
they might. The uncle was murdered for his
wealth, and the nephew again left destitute.-
He then passed some years in the shop of a
tobacco merchant, and here gained some know-
ledge'of trade which was afterwards of great
advantage to him. In this situation he acquir-
ed a small capital, and opened a shop for him-
self. He was successful and became wealthy.
When Napolean invaded Egypt, Mehemet
joined the Egyptian forces against him. He
distinguished himself by his bravery, and in
the subsequent difficulties between the Sultan
and the Mamelukes, he received from the vice-
roy of Egypt, Mehemet Kusruff, the rank of
General. In consequence of some accusations
made against him by his envious colleagues,
he was soon dismissed from the service. He
then joined the Mamelukes, against whom he
had been fighting, and at length compelled tlhe
Pashaw, Mehemet Kusruff, to fly to Damietta,
-vhere he took him prisoner. A new Pashaw
was appointed by the Sultan, but was soon
put to death by the treachery of Mehemet Ali.
After various stratagems, Mehemet accom-
plished his purpose, and in 1803 the Sultan de-
clared him the Pashaw of Egypt, appointed in
compliance with the wishes of the people.
He now determined to restore Egypt to its
rank among the nations. Hle attached to his
interest the Oriental tribes; improved the dis-
cipline of his soldiery and took every-measure
to strengthen himself in his power. The Sul-
tan became jealous of him, and issued an order
deposing him from his office as governor of
1-gypt, But Mehemet Ali resisted the order
and the point was yielded.
In 1811 he determined to clear his country of
the Mamelukes. He invited their chiefs to a
feast at Cairo, where they were assassinated,
while the body was cut off by a general mas-
sacre. He then sept out hisarmies under the j
command of his sons to pursue his conquestsin
Asia, and in the regions on the upper Nile.-
Mehemet himself was occupied at home in the
improvement of his military affairs. He intro-
duced French officers; built an arsenal at Cairo,
established a military hospital, provided gup-
powder imalufactories, &c,
At length the Greek war broke out, and the f
forces of Egypt were put in requisition by the
Sultan. Ibrahim, who figured so prominehtly
in that war, is an adopted son of Mehemet Ali.
After the termination of this war, the
Kgyptian military st rgtb rapidly increased,
Mehemet allowed Europeans to take rank in his !
army without reference to creed, atid expended !
vast sums of money in military and naval pre-
paratioms, |
Mown to !880, Mehemet Ali had rejected all
offers of assistance in throwing off allegiance I
to the Sultan. He had paid large tribute to the
Turkish government, and had fought in its be-
half. He now determined to take possession !
of Syia, which had been promised to him for i
his services in the Greek war .in October i
1831, he puthisarmy, betweep40,0O0 and 50,-
000 strong, under the command of Tbrahtm,"-
This army advanced Into Syria and in the-course
of an eventful year, achieved a complete con-
quest of that province, and opened the way to ;


Constantinople. The Ti rkish government was -
now alarmed. It clled on Great Brqitain for
aid, hut .was refused. The Russians were
ready to assist, but the Turks feared the result s
of such an alliance. A dreadful egageme.t
took place it Asia Minor between the forces of
the Sultan and those of Ibrahim, in which thea
latter'were victorious. Russian aid was then
accepted, and an immense Russian force was
brought into the Turkish dominions. After
various measures of diplomacy, hp
yielded assept to a treaty which gave to Ibra-
him the whole of Syria. The troops of Ibra-
him and of Russia thep tool their depart'ie,
The int enpp of ussia resulted in the for. !
nation of a treaty of mutual protection between
Russia and Turkey, which was concluded on
the 8th of July, 1833. This treaty, which is (
called the treaty of Unkiar Skelessi, placed p
Turkey in a situation of dependence op Russia *
whicr is hum.iliating, and which is displeasing
to ptoer powers which arg jealous of Russia,
The rigorous government of Mehemet Ali
over Syria produced-disquiet, and frequent in-
surrections have occurred. These are of course
encouraging to the Sultan, who still aims atP
recovering Syria.-
Duripgh pri .$ m of last year,
4tm ;Pjruish apd Igyptian g ernmaents seemed
to be preparing again for hostile movements.
In August, Mehemet Ali announced his deter-0
mination to declare himself independent]of the
Sultan. England, France, Austria and Russia1
all opposed this declaration, and tis Ql~psoi.ipn
irritated '!.Pp4ashaw. Mehemet Ali wishes t
his power tobeherediary, and Is determined m


BRITiSH WEST INDmEs.-Rev. John Scoble
an English gentleman who has recently spent
somo time in the West Indies, made some
statements in a public meeting in this city on
Saturday evening, respecting the results of
negro omiancipation in the British West India
colonies. Among his statements were the
following:
CROPs OF SuGAR.-Jamaica exported in 1838,
150,000 cwts. more than in the previous year.
Barbadoes exported in 1833, 27,015 hhds.; in
1838, 33,058 hhds. Av. of 7 years 1827-
1833, 23,334. Trinidad exported in 1833,
22,761 hhds.; in 1838, 20,721 hhds.
Decrease in exports of sugar from all the
British islands, 220,000 cwts.; the total
amount being about four millions of cwts.
Some of the causes oY decrease are, the
withdrawal of women from field labor and of
children between the ages of 5 and 12, many
of whom are now in schools. Some negroes
have gone to coffee plantations, and some are
practising or learning mechanical trades. The
population has also been for several years de-
creasing by mortality among the negroes.
The weather has been such during the past
season as to lead us to expect a diminished
crop this fall.
CRIME.-When Mr. S. visited the colonies
in 1836 there was at Bridgetown jail (Barba-
does) 242 prisoners; in 1839, 93.
-eorgetown jail (Brit. Guiana) in 1836, 1'26
prisoners; in 1839, 61.
Port of Spain (Trinidad) 1836, 71 prison-
ers; 1839, 53. Those imprisoned for murder
were all whites. The blacks were committed
for theft, &c.
The principal records do not present any
case of aw emancipated black being bound
over for assault on a white man from the time
of emancipation up to Mr. S's departure.
PoLICE.-The militia have'been disbanded
and about one half the troops have been re-
moved to'other stations. The police is very
small. Barbadoes, for instance, with a popu-
lation of 88,000 blacks has a police of 75.
REAL ESTATE.-This has risen in value ge-
nerally from 12 to 1-5 per cent. In no colony
has it fallen. In Barbadoes it has advanced
from 30 to 50 per cent. The planters regard
their interests as promoted by the emancipa-
tion. Few, if, any are to be found who would
return to the system of slavery.
Mr. S. confined himself to a statement of
facts respecting the Britishl colonies, making
no reference to slavery in the United States.

COLONIZATION.-The success of Mr. Cresson
in obtaining contributions at the North to the
American Colonization Society, proves that
men of intelligence and property are deeply
interested in the cause. No man who fixes
his attention on the benighted African conti-
nent, can wonder that benevolence exerts itself
in that direction. If the colony planted on its
shores shall be the germ of civilization and
shall hold up thelightof Christianity, we may
look for great results, That such will be its
character we have every reason to hope. As
the experiment advances, and more and more
definite reports from it reach us, the interest
felt in it will be more intelligent and perma-
nent. Every day adds to the force of the ap-
peal in behalf of Africa.

TiE Caops,--The crops throughout the
country have been gathered, and though the
*ust may in some few instances have affected
the wheat, still in general it has been untouch-
ed, The total amount collected exceeds very
far our average crops, not only many more
acres living 'been cultivated than ever were
before, but the yield having been probably as
t general rule unequalled by any previous sea-
son. The coming crops of corn promise equal.
y well, and we have reason to be thankful to
bounteous Providence for a greater abun-
lapce than ever before blessed our land.

CaRoPs n N. JERsaY.-The New Bruns
wklc Fredonian states, that wheat has been ex-
tensively touched with rust. Rye was abun-


plant and faultless. Grass was heavy and got
n without damage, Oats were heavy.beyond
prepedept. The early crop of potatoes was
arge, and the late crop promises to be equally
so, Corn promises exceedingly well. "The
Mor-us Multicaulis," says the editor, "is culti-
rated generally in the neighborhood of towns
and villages by amateurs, or gentlemen ins
spectacles who have little else to do." This
be laments, regarding the business of cultivat-
ng it as very profitable, He says that a thriv-
ng mulberry patch is an object of wonder and
admiration, and almost of reverence!

COTT oN,.,.The recent movements in En-
gland for the Improvement of the native popu-
ation of India may perhaps have an important
hearingg on commerce. The question whether
cotton of the best quality can be raised in that
part of the world does not seem to have been
fully settled; and further experiments will pro-
bably be made, Should they be successful,
%he English will feel that they have secured
tot only a commercial advantage, but the
neans 'of elevating the condition of the na-
ives. Late accounts from the East seem to
ender it probable that cotton of an excellent
q1a1lty oan be cultivated tn India. Should
his prove to he'true, it may become necessary
fr our Southern planters, instead of planning-
bank combinations, to devise some new mode
of employing their lands and laborers. The
dvocates of the Mulberry tree can advise
hem at once on this subject, *

ELECTORS W N MoHimANr.--An amendment of
he Constitution of Michigan is proposed,
vbich is to be submitted to the people of that









THE ELECTIONS.
We continue to give the returns of the elec-
tions so far as they have been received. The
election of Governor of Tennessee, from the
complexion of the news yesterday, assumes a
somewhat more doubtful character, yet we
think the indications now are in favor of Can-
non's re-election. Twenty-eight counties re-
main to be heard from, mostly in East and
West Tennessee, and thus far those in these
sections have sustained themselves very well.
Polk to be elected will have in the neighbor-
hood of 5000 majority to overcome, which we
are inclined to. believe cannot be done. The
Nashville Ilanner of the 5th inst., heads its in-
telligence with "All is not lost that's in dan-
ger." .


T'rENNESS:


Cahn
1 7

75
164
74
1!
141
112
55
161
86



96
106

61
40
151
6(
65



136
79
25
39

64
80



13
36


SDavidson
Wilson
Sumner
Rutherford
Lincoln
SHickmai n
Maury
Giles
Lawrence
Knox
Williamson
Dickson
Bedford
Warren
Montgomery
Robejrlson
Franklin
White
NWayne
Smith
Jackson
Gibson
Hawkins
Greene
Grainger
Jefferson
Washington
Sullivan
Humphreys
Stewart'
Madison
Carroll
-Weakly
Henry
Hardeman
Blount
Roane
Henderson,
in part, 5


EE---FOR GOVERNOR.
1839. 1837.
ion. Polk. Cannon. Armstrong.
14 1507 1580 1295
73 1157 2172 559
51 1919 1077 1293
43 1749 1880 634
41 2584 1196 1673
95 1057 331 699
17 232$ 1668 1735
a7 1461 1666 480
54 433 474 399
12 464 1575 468
19 1952- 444
350 551 293
500 1664 1576
1710 397 1283
G3 824 1007 432
G7 692 1174 435
1080 768 1096
9 1045 412
)2 579 324
.1 2350 317
)0 1369 301
50 984 293
629 660 1274
1100 583 1780
16 .955 376
)2 1361 261
)6 1119 1001 744
50 1412 .214 1224
)1 756 19'8 491
238 : 55i 507
12 1164 319
0 762 518
452: 551 495
493 959 632
330 861 447
18 970 601
'6 957 475


280


920 284


23,889 26,344 39,414 23,903
23,889 23,903

2,455 15.511
For members of Congress we have no fur-
ther returns. The impression is that the del-
egation will be composed of eight Whigs and
five Administration members. The returns
before us furnish nothing from which we can
judge of the character of the Legislature. As
far as heard from positively there has been an
Administration gain of six and a Whig gain
of two-making a Whig loss of four on joint
ballot.-Baltimore Chronicle.
Later accounts say that six administration
members are elected.

NORTH CAROLINA.
Whig. Van Buren.
Edward Stanly, Charles Shepard,
Kenneth Rayner, James M'Kay,
Lewis Williams,. Jesse A. Bynum,
Edmund Deberry, Henry W. Connor,
James Graham, M. T' Hawkins,
Win. Montgomery.
Charles Fisher,
John Hill.
INDIANA.-The election of Mr. Rariden in
this State is now generally admitted. This
will make -the delegation 6 Van Buren to 1
Whig.
KENTUCKY.-The following are the mem-
bers elect so far as heard from-Messrs.
Graves, Hawes, Davis, Anderson, and White,
Whig. Mr. Butler, Van Buren, succeeds Mr.
Scuthgate, Whig. In Mr. Pope's district he
is opposed by a Mr. Palmer, both Whigs. In
the district lately represented by Mr. Menifee,
- the contest is close between Andrews, Whig,
and Ward, Van Buren,-Ward is said to be
elected.

ALABAMA ELECTION.
The election for Governor, members of Con-
gress and members of the State Legislature
took place on the 5th inst. We have the re-
turns for Mobile and Baldwin counties. The
Whig candidate for Congress was James Del-
lett, and the Adm. candidate John Mur-
phy. The following is the result as' compared
with 1837:-
1839. 1837.
Dellett. Murphy. Lyon. Baylor.
Baldwin, 152 171 -211 34
Mobile, 904 911 741 832

1055 1082 952 866
Two Whigs and two Administration men
were elected to the Legislature from Mobile
courity, and two Administration men from Bald-
win county. Strong hopes are entertained of
the success of Mr. Dellett for Congress.
The Chronicle (Whig) says there is not the
least doubt entertained of the success of Mr.
D. throughout the district0-it was conceded
on all 'hands that a majority of from 250 to
300 in this county was necessary to afford
even a glimmering of hope for Gov. M. Let
our distant readers remember that Mr. D. can-
vassed the district openly and frankly, with-
out the least reserve or equivocation "as in fa-
vor of Henry Clay for President, as opposer to
the sub-treasury scheme, and in favor of the
U. S. Bank."-Bait. Chron.

A member of the Legislature of Tennessee,
in a speech delivered at the last session, ridi-"
cules in a very pointed manner, the prevailing
custom of bringing national politics into the
minor elections. He describes the candidate
for Governor as taking the stump, and assuming
that if he can prove Mr. Clay a scoundrel and
Mr. Van Buren a patriot, he will thereby have
proved that he himself shall make a good Go-
vernor. The.absurd practice of bringing the
question of Administration or anti-Administra-
tion into the choice of our local magistrates,
should be ridiculed and caricatured until it its
absurdity is felt. What has the Sub-Treasury
question to do with the Mayorship of New
York or Philadelphia? Mobs, mad dogs, and
dirty streets are the topics to be used in elec-
tioneering for this office; and in general local
interests should be brought into view, in de-
legating local authority.
..'M ,,i.k ra t *-, W iira "vyMt,;,,r-,, 4 In-* T\A tk CI **....;


It was given out some months since that
Philadelphia was soon to be ornamented with
two or more lofty church towers or steeples.
What conditions were annexed to the state-
ment we cannot now say, although we can
easily conjecture what one of them may have
been. But the steeples do not yet rise, and
Philadelphia is almost destitute of these fine
ornaments. Much has been said of the style
of church architecture in this country as being
out of character. It has been complained that
we do not give to our churches a peculiar ap-
pearance which may mark them as sacred edi-
fices, and that it would often be impossible for
a stranger to decide whether particular build-
ing is a church, a court-house or a bank. Very
different opinions are entertained respecting
the benefits to be derived from giving to the
house. of worship the character of costliness
and magnificence. The majority of mankind
have been and are in favor of the custom. A
high steeple is imposing, and may be made
ornamental to almost any extent. It also dis-
tinguishes the church from eveie other edifice.
But whatever may be our view, of the moral
influence of church steeplles it cannot be de-
nied that they add greatly to the appearance of
a city. Seen in ithe distance, as they rise
lightly into the sky, they telegraph the living
crowd and the roll of business below them.
No man, we venture to say, can come in sight
of the spires of a distant city, without a thrill.
In a nearer view, they relieve the heavy mass,
and give to it grace and beauty.
Philadelphia needs these ornaments the
more, for standing as it does, upon ground
comparatively low and level. .It needs them
also to give a correctimpression of the number
of our churches in comparison with- other ci-
ties. Wecannot perhaps claim to be uncom-
monly go-to-church people, and we need all thdie
credit, on this score, to which we are entitled.
Many of the churches already built admit of
having towers added ; and dne, at least, (that
in Tenth below Spruce) has solid foundations
for a lofty steeple. We trust money will soon
be easier, and elegant spires betoken both our
prosperity and our gratitude.
A western demagogue, in a late speech, as-
sured his hearers that should Van Buren demo-
cracy triumph, we should see churches rising
and steeples pointing to the sky, all over our
country. We cannot but rejoice that he should
have had reason to think such a promise avail-
ing among his auditors,- and wish that it might
be a still more popular topic in Philadelphia.

The Cincinnati Republican and Sun have
become united. They do all their business on
the cash system-declining all subscriptions
which are not paid in advance.

CANAL BREACH.-The following is an ex-
tract from a letter received in this city:
Huntingdon, aug. 9, 1839.
I have this moment returned from the breach,
and can assure you that the acqueduct will be
rePidy to pass boats on Sunday, the 1lth inst.
JOSEPH RITER,
Supervisor, Juniata Division.
,We understand no wagoning will be neces-
sary in the transportation of goods. We can-
not give place to this notice without objecting
decidedly to the mention of Sunday as a day
when the canal may be used. Perhaps the
notification in this form may serve to call the
attention renewedly to the violation of the
Sabbath on our railroads and canals.

'The Journal of Commerce denies that there is
any authority for the assertion that the British
steamers are racing. The New York press
informed us that great and extra exertion was
used to prepare the British Queen to enable
her to start on the same day as the Great West-
ern, and the Courier and Enquirer stated'that
bets were depending in England on the com-
parative fleetness of the two vessels. Put that
and that together, and we think the race case
is made out.

Mr. Jas. C. Donnel, of this city, hlas been
elected Cashier of the Hamilton Bank, in Bal-
timrnore, (a new institution.) He carries with
him the best wishes of his numerous friends
in this city for his future welfare.


A man named Schiver was arrested in New
York on Wednesday, for attempting to steal a
child. He took it from a wagon in the Park in
which it was drawn by its sister. The child
was taken from him by some gentlemen pass-
ing; he was fully committed.

Good butter is selling in Cincinatti at 50 cts"
a pound, in this city it commands 371. This
is to be attributed to the fact that so much
lover was last summer destroyed by the
drought; the roots of it and other grass were
in very many parts of this section of the coun-
try burned entirely out-the consequence is
that there is very little good pasture ground in
this vicinity.

The Yellow Fever is stated to prevail in
Charleston, 15 deaths having occurred by it in
one week. The papers of that city are entire-
ly quiet in relation to it.
In New Orleans a few cases had occurred.

FLORIDA.-It is stated by the army and Navy
Chronicle, that Lieut. Blake has drawn an
accurate map of Florida, in which the swamps,
rivers, lakes, &c., are minutely traced.

Mr.WM. PRICE of Washington county, Md.,
has offered himself a candidate for a seat iii
Congress against Mr. F. Thomas, the Admin-
istration leader in Maryland. Mr. Price is
represented as a gentleman of fine talents and
acquirements, and one, who, if elected, would
do credit to himself and his constituents. We
admire the manner in which he-presents him-
self-not'waiting for nomination by caucus or


THE NATIONAL ARITHMETIC: by Benjamin
Greenleaf. Bostcn, Robert S. Davis, 1839
Considering the number of Arithmetics which
have been published within a few years, and
the ability of their authors, it can hardly be
expected that we shall soon meet with one pos-
sessing a general and decided superiority to
all others. An arithmetic prepared by an able
teacher of thirty years experience can hardly
fail to be good, while for the author and for
those whose habits of teaching are similar to
his own, it will be the very best. The Na-
tional Arithmetic by Mr. Greenleaf ,we have
examined carefully, and do not hesitate to say
thaf in the hands of the faithful teacher it will
be an excellent work. The rules are sufficient-
ly numerous, and in general well expressed,
but deficient in explanation. The examples
are happily chosen. The pupil will be very
much aided by the double arrangement of the
Tables of Money, Measures, &c. and by the
additional sections on custom-house business
and exchange.

AN ELEMENTARY TREATISE ON ALGEBRA,
THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL.-.By James
Ryan: 4th Edition. New York: J. & H. G.
Langley, 1839.
This is by no means a new work. For fif-
teen years it has stood the test of use as a full,
clear and complete treatise on Algebra. We
could hardly recommend it however as a suit-
able text book for the beginner in Algebra, and
for the single reason that it presents the sub-
'ject too rapidly. Instead of leading him on
step by step,-and gradually accustoming him
to the new language and the new modes of
reasoning that he is to adopt in the study of
Algebra, it confuses and bewilders him, by
opening before-him at once the wholo subject,
with all its difficulties and perplexities. To
the advanced student and the lover of mathe-
matical investigation, this edition with its nu-
merous additions and improvements presents a
rich feast.

THE.DEMOCRATIC REVIEW FOR AUGUS'r--This
No. commences with an article on the Post
Office reform in Englsnd, in which an account
is given of the plan devised by Mr. Rowland
Hill, and adopted by the government. The
outline of this plan was given in our columns
some weeks since. The writer in the Review
expresses surprise that no more information on
this subject has been given by the American
press, and that "while the minutest movements
of the great stock operations of London are
chronicled with feverish anxiety, such a revo-
lution in the Post Office system should have
been unrecorded, unexplained and almost un-
noticed;-a painful commentary on that prac-
tical inefficiency for the useful and instructive,
which the unlimited devotion to party and per-
sonal politics has occasioned in a large portion
of our press."
The second article is a continuation of a for-
mer article under the same title-"Philadel-
phia Banking."
This No. presents us with another of'the
"Political Portraits," in a review of the life
and political course of Hon. C. C. Cambre-
leng.
Agent for the Democratic Review, Mr. Orrin
.Rogers, 67 south Second street.

"A TREATISE ON THE EYE; containing dis-
coveies of the causes of near and far-sighted-
ness, and !of the affections of the retina; with
remarks on the use of medicines as substitutes
for spectacles." By William Clay Wallace,
Oculist. New York: S. Coleman.
This little volume is highly amusing and
instructive. No part of the animal frame pre-
sents a more interesting object of study than
the eye. Its structure is here exhibited in a
popular manner and illustrated with numerous
cuts; and the author has, according to Prof.
Knight, "made interesting discoveries, which
throw much light on hitherto obscure points in
the physiology of vision."
The study of the eye presents us with most
striking evidences of design on the part of a
Creator. These evidences are happily dwelt
upon in the little treatise of Dr. Wallace. He
remarks: "A Creator there must be, who is


perfect in every science, and in every art." It
is impossible to read. his treatise, without be-
ing deeply impressed with this truth.
The author supposes that short-sightedness
is usually to be attributed, not to undue con-
vexity of the eye, but to an unnatural state of
the muscles by which it is adjusted. Hence
he recommends that the use of spectacles be
avoided if possible, and that trial be made of
particular medicines which tend to correct
muscular weakness, &c.

MORRIS' SILK FARMER is the title of a
weekly paper, which is published (gratuitous-
ly in this city) for the purpose of conveying
information in relation to the silk business.

SARCOPHAGUS.-Mr. A. Hoffy, 41 Chesnut
street, has published a lithographic print of
the Sarcophagus brought from Egypt, and
presented by Com. Elliott to the Girard Col-
lege.

A coroner's inquest was held at Manayunk,
on Tuesday morning, on the body of a man
named John Thompson, who was found
drowned in one of the chambers of the locks of
the canal at that place. He had been. engaged '
as a boatman by Mr. John Brown, for several
weeks past, and stated that he had relations
residing in Cincinnati, Ohio. Nothing was
found upon his person of value, and the coro-
ner's jury returned a verdict of "accidental
drowning."


LARCENY.-An old offender named John
III* __.- ^ .^ -- mi- -j.._ L


Reported for the North American.
CRIMINAL COURT-SENTENCE DAY
Before Judges Todd and Conrad.
Saturday, Aug. 10.
Win. Johnston, for larceny, sentenced to
three years' imprisonment.
James Keppard, alias Keppel, an old offen-
der, for larceny, two years.
James M'Geiggan, for assault and battery,
fined $1 and costs.

EXTRAORDINARY COURAGE IN A LAD.-A lad
in Hallam, Pa., named George Peters, son o1
D. Peters, Esqt., was furiously attacked the
other day by his father's bull, and would in-
evitably have been killed but for his surprising
presence of mind. Seeing no chance of es-
cape, he dodged the assault of the furious an-
imal and leaped upon his back! The bull,
thereupon, ran off in a canter, kicking and
rearing fearfully; but the little fellow, no way
disconcerted, clung to the animal's back, un,
til a favorable opportunity offering, he jumped
off, and immediately leaped a fence hard by.
This latter feat was witnessed by his mother,
who was attracted to the spot by his cries.-
He is only 12 years old.
We find this tough story in a New York
paper, -A without credit, or any mention of au-
thority.

MULBERRY TREES.--Some large sales ol
Canton and Multicaulis trees have been made
in this vicinity, but we hear of no prices ex-
ceeding-5 cents the tree, to be delivered in
October. One lot of 50,000 Multicaulis has
been sold by Mr Calvin Burnell of this town
to a gentleman of Philadelphia, to be delievered
in September, three feet high, at 15 cents the
tree. 150,000 trees are offered in Washing-
ton at the same price.-Northampton (Mass.)
Courier.

A YOUNG VILLAIN.-Yesterday morning, a
boy 17 or 18 years old, went into Mrs. Reed's
shop in Second street above the State House;
and after lounging there for half an hour, pick-
ed up a watch and ran off with it. The girl at-
tending the shop, immediately raised the cry
of stop thief, and he was arrested by some one
in the street. As he was led along to the po-
lice office, the boy took the watch from his hat
and dashed it upon the pavement, breaking it
in pieces. At the same time he threw away
a pack of cards. He said his name was John
Adams, and that he didn't care what punish-
ment was inflicted on him, for he had already
been three years in the penitentiary. On ex-
amination before 'Horace Smith, Esq. he was
committed to the city jail to await his trial.-
Trenton Gaz.

Correspondence of the New York Times.
Saratoga Springs, Jdug. 13, 1839.
The presence of Mr. Van Buren and Mr.
Clay here together in the same house, has
given additional excitement to our community.
'The weather yesterday-wet, raw, cold and
blustering-was enough to give us all the blues
-yet there seemed to be more than ordinary
life and spirit among the' company. Dinner
went off with more animation and social en-
joyment than usual. Mr. Van Buren led in
Mrs. Poinsett, the lady of the Secretary of
War, and took a place at the head of the table.
Mr. Clay retained the position assigned to him
on his arrival, which is, by no means, a con-
spicuous place at the board. General Scott
sat near the President-and Mr. Tallmadge
was n.tt far from Mr. Clay. The distances,
however, were too great toallow any continued
conversation between these notable persons.
They all seemed in excellent spirits; and viva-
city pervaded the whole company.
The drawing room, after dinner, reminded
me of the President's levee at Washington;
but here there was a far greater display of beau-
ty in proportion to the numbers, than I ever
saw. There were a few presentations of new
comers to the President and to Mr. Clay, both
of whom walked through the rooms easily and
familiarly, shaking hands with those who sa-
luted them, and occasionally meeting each
other, and exchanging good-humored remarks.
Mr. Tallmadge and Mr. Legare, who are ob-
jects of great attention to the company, were
present, but they did not meet the President in
his winding perambulations. In the midst of
the brilliant scene, General Scott came in with
a look of haste, shook hands hurriedly with
the President and Mr. Clay, bade adieu to them
and several of his friends, swept rapidly round
the room, bowing on all sides, and then pro-
ceeded as quickly as possible to the railroad
depot, with the air of a man who has business
to despatch immediately.

CANAL COMMISSIONERS.-There is not in
our Commonwealth, perhaps, any thing so im-
portant to the welfare of the people, as an ho-
nest and judicious exercise of the pbwer given
to the Canal Commissioners. Since Penn-
sylvania commented her great work of inter-
nal improvements, no branch of the State Go-
vernment (if it may be so called) has been so
deeply and intimately connected with the im-


mediate interests of the people. The number
of subordinate canal and railroad officers, who
should be good and able men, and the great
amount of public money which the Canal
Commissioners annually dispose of, render it
not more than right for the people to hold them
as immediately responsible as possible; no
rein can be too short for such officers. As
County Commissioners, for a County, stand
related to the people of the County whose
concerns they manage, so do the Canal Com-
missioners to the people of a whole State; and
as the three Commissioners discharge their
duties in either case, the people are either im-
mediately benefitted or injured. If the Canal
Commissioners are honest and able, the peo-
ple's taxes may be lessened and the improve-
ments of the Commonwealth carried on as they
should be. If the Commissioners are unfaith-
ful, then we all suffer immediately-not only
in having our public debt increased and taxes
made heavier, but by the lasting injury that is
done in stopping the progress of our State
works. Should not the people have the choice
of officers whose power is so great, and who
have the handling of so much of the people's
money? Democracy says yes-and the new
Constitution says yes; but our last Legisla-
ture, falsely calling itself Democratic, said No
-although petitioned by the people to do their
duty.-Doylestown Intelligencer.

BREACH IN THE CANAL.-We learn that a
break occurred in the upper section of the De-.
laware Division of the Pennsylvania Canal,
on Saturday last, about three miles this side
of Easton. The injury sustained, will take at
least two weeks or more to get it repaired.
We have not learned the cause from which it
originated. This we regret very much, as
more business has been done on this canal this
season, that at any former one for the same
length of time it has been navigable, and cer-
tainly must yield a good revenue to the Com-
monwealth.-Doylestown Democrat.

FEMALE SWINDLER.-A Mrs. Bement, a.
-_ .- I V l t-- 4-_11


I` New YORK, Aug. 13, 3 P. M.
TWO DAYS LATER FROM EUROPE!
Considerable sensation has been caused this
morning and a great deal of talk, by the news
from England via Boston. At the first view
of the news, it was considered unfavorable;
but upon mature reflection, it has been put
down as favorable by an almost unanimous
vote. Cotton seems at any rate to have struck
bottom in the Liverpool market so hard as to
cause some rebound, and to have fallen so low
as to make the Manchester men eager to buy.
It is one of the best features that trade at Man-
chester had assumed a much better appearance.
The sales of Cotton here to-day have been at
steady prices, and quite as large as for some
days past. Flour is without change. North
Carolina and Virginia Wheat sells at 1.35 a
1.38. Corn, 87 a91 cts.

The ship Oneco, Drew, at Boston, from Li-
verpool, brings Liverpool papers to July 13th.
There was a continued decline in the price
of-cotton until the l1th, when considerable
sales were made, and on the 12th there was an
advancein price of 1-8 to 1-4d. The sales of
the week amount to 21,480 and imports to
30,882 bales.
.There had been some improvement in the
cotton trade in Manchester, in consequence of
favorable news and large orders from Calcutta.
The authorities had withdrawn the military
and police from the streets of Birmingham, and
the town was comparatively quiet.
The crops are represented to be extremely
good, and never looked better or gave greater
promise of a plentiful supply.
The Paris papers are principally occupied
in endeavors to induce the GCovernment to fore-
go the execution .of any of the insurgents of
the 12th of May, who may be capital con-
demned by the Court of Peers.
.. ; Letters from Bagdad announce an overflow
,of the Tigris, which had laid the whole city
nearly under water. It was stated that already
more than one thousand houses had been de-
stroyed.
Lettrers from Constantinople of tho 19th
June, represent the recovery of the Sultan as
almost hopeless.
Nothing nejw from Egypt.

LIVERPOOL, Jnly 12..-The ordinary qualities of Up-
land and New Orleans are now id and the fair and good
4 a Id below the currency of this day week. In Brazil
and Surat.the changes have not been so great, and the de-
cline does not exceed Id a Id. In Egyptian no change to
notice. Imports for the week 30,882 bags-sales (includ-
ing 1500 American, on speculation, and 2260 American,
50 Surat, and 360 Bengal for export) were 21,480 bales, of
which 100 was Sea Island at 30 a 301 ; 4399 Upland at 6 a
8) 3190 Alabama and Mobile at 5 aS; and 8 0 New Or-
leans at 5j a 9.
July 12-Quercitron Bark of fine quality is rather scarce
but may be bought at 21 a 22s per cwt. No change in pri-
ces nor sales to any extent of any other articles of Ameri-
can produce.
The various reports from the Woollen manufacturing
districts are favorable, although it was anticipated that a
reduction would take place in the price of wool.

From the New York Journal of Commerce.
Loss OF THE SHIP CORNELIA OF N. YORK.-
Letters received here this morning from Bos-
ton, informs us that the ship Cornelia, Capt.
Cushman, from Havana, with a cargo of su-
gars, bound to Amsterdam, run afoul of a wreck
about 300 miles to the eastward of Nantucket,
which stove in her bows, and she soon after
sunk. The crew took to their boats, and have
arrived at Boston. The vessel and cargo were
owned by Messrs. F. Gebhard & Co. The
cargo was insured inEurope, and the vessel in
this city.

WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY.-The annual com-
mencement of the Weslyan University, at Mid-
dletown, Conn., under the auspices of the Me-
thodist Episcopal Church, took place on Wed-
nesday last. Graduates twenty-six. Gov.
Ellsworth was present on the occasion.


MARRIED,
On the 19th June, by the Rev. Dr. Tyng, Mr. GEORGE
MARINE, of Delhi, New York, to Miss CATHARINE
M'CORMICK, of this city.
On Thursday morning, the8th inst, by the Rev. William
Suddards, JOIN B. BROUILLARD, of New Orleans, to
MARGARET B., daughter of Thomas P. Roberts, Esq., of
this city.
On the 30th ult., 'by Elder Frederick Plummer, Mr.
WM. SMITH, to Miss ELLEN KING.
On the 27th Oct. last, by Rev. Joseph H. Kennard, Mr.
MICHAEL WARNER 'to Miss MATILDA R. SMITH,
all of the Northern Liberties.
At Pensacola, on Tuesday evening, 23d ult., by the
Rev. J. S. Saunders, Mr. WILLIAM H. BAKER, of Phil-
adelphia, to Miss NANCY G. PRI'TCHETT, of Pensacola.
In Baltimore, on the 8th inst., qy the rev. John Poisal,
JOHN H. SMITH of Philadelphia, to SARAH, daughter
of-Wm. Bishop, ef Baltimore county.
On the 6th inst. by the Rev C A Lippincott, Mr RICH-
AKD McCLASKEY,to Miss MARGARET MURPHY, all
of this city.
On the 6th inst. by the same, Mr NATHANIEL GIL-
PON, to Miss ELIZABETH WHITE, all of this city.
On the 15th of May last, by Aldernman Black, Mr THO-
MAS STEWART, to Miss ROSANNA McSHANE, all of
this city.
At Watertown, Jefferson county, New York, at the re-
sidence of Monsieur D Landy, on the 31st tilt, by the Rev
Mr Rogers,ZEBULON H BENTON, Esq. of Oxhow, to
CAROLINE CHARLOTTE, daughter of Joseph Buona-
parte, Count de Survilliers.
By the Rev Georee Chandler, on the evening of the
9th instant, Mr JOHN E REINHART, to Mrs MARY
STREET.
On the 10th inst. by the Rev Mr Barblin, in St Joseph's
Church, Mr P LIGNIES, of St Louis, to Mrs FORTU NEE
VEUVE EUDE, late of Charleston.
In New York, on Thursday evening, 8th inst. Mr JOHN
H RILEY, of Philadelphia, to Miss MARY ANN, only
aushter of Mr J Binns, merchant, of New York.
On Tuesday evening, 13th inst, by the Rev. G. B. Ide,
Mr. JAMES REISKY, to Miss ISABELLA, daughter of
David Weatherly, Esq., all of this city.
On Tuesday morning, by the Rev. S. N. Blent, Mr.
DAVID SIMPSON, of St Louis, Missouri, to Miss SARAH
ANN MONTGOMERY, formerly of New York.
On Tuesday morning, at the Church of Epiphany, by
the Rev. Stephen H. Tyng, D. D., the Rev. JAMES W.
COOK, Assistant Minister of St. George's Church, New
York, to EMILY, daughter of the late Crooke Stevenson
Esq., of this city.
In New York, on Tuesday evening, the 13th inst., by the
Rev. Orville Dewey, the Rev. HENRY W. BELLOWS,
Pastorof the First Congrerational Church in Chambers
street, to MissELIZA NEVINS TOWNSEND, daughter
of Elihu Townsend, Esq. of the above city
April 28, 1839, by Isaac Roach, Mayor, Mr. NATHAN
LIVEZEY, Jr., of Lower Dublin, to Miss ABBI K. PAIST,
of N. L.
On Wednesday evening, the 14th inst., by the Rev. Mr.
Harris, RICHARD M. HUMES, to SARAH JANE
MACKEY, daughter of Mr. Richa!:d Mackey, all of this
city.

DIED,
On Friday morning, 9th inst., in the 32d year of his age
AUGUSTUS M'CALLA.
On the 7th inst., Mrs. BARBARA ANN RUMEL, in
the 82d year of her age.
On Saturday last, the 3d inst., Mrs. REBECCA, wif6 of
Reinhard Fry, in the 50th year of her age, formerly" of
Germantown.
Suddenly, of apoplexy, at Port Sheldon, Michigan, on
the 27th of July, in the 25th year of his age, ADOLPHUS
G. DEACON, son ofCapt. D. Deacon, of the U. S. N.
On Friday morning, 9th ins:., ADELAIDE PAULINE,
infant daughter of Stephen F. Nidelet.
On Monday, the 5th inst., at Tivoli, Duchess county, N.
Y., Mrs. SARAH G. HOFFMAN, daughter of Samuel
Badger, Esq., of this city.
At Centreville, Michigan, on the 25th July, in the 68th
year of her age, Mrs. MARY CASEY, formerly of Phila-
delphia.
On the llth inst. Mrs MARGARETTA DORPHLEY,
consort of Lewis Dorphley, in the 29th year of her age.
On the llth inst. CHARLES, son of Ferdinand and Mary
Walters, aged 7 months and 15 days.
On the 10th insi. Mrs ELIZABETH THORP, wife of
Win A Thorp, in the 21st year of her age.
On the 10th inst after painful illness, Mrs ANNETTE
COMBS, aged 30 years.
Suddenly, at Cape May, MARY ELDRIDGE, daughter
of Jeremiah E and Cornelia Eldridge, of this city. Her
remains were brought to the city on Saturday, and inter-
red in the family ground at Laurel Hill.
On the night of the 10th inst. EMILY, wife of Jas B
Smith, recently returned from Europe. So soon following
her much loved sister,Elizabeth McEuen Smith, who was


Forthe North American.
MORUS MULTICAULIS.
MR. EDITroR-It may not be uninteresting to
some of your readers to learn, that our trans-
atlantic friends, hearing that the demand for
mulberryuld not be supplied, have
sent on l ents to contract for the de-
livery oW te which appear to me to
be so low as-o save us much,trouble in this
country.
I annex a scale of prices, at which one- of
the agents will contract to deliver the genuine
Morvs Multicaulis at Milan.
Trees of 6 inches to 1 foot, 25 cts. per 100.
Do 1 a 2 feet, 32 do
Do 2a3 do 52 do
Do 3a5 do 66 do
Do 5 a 7 do 72 do
The Morus Macrophilla Moretti Trees are
offered at about half the above rates.
I am informed that for about 20 per cent. on
the cost, the agent will insure their growth in
this country. One contract fi r 200,000 trees
has been made. H.

The Pittsburgh Advocate of Saturday says:
Fifty steamboats were counted at our wharves
and on the opposite side of the river yesterday.
Of these, seven are new boats, more or less un-
finished, and a large number are "laid up,"
and some four or five were receiving or dis-
charging freight.

PICKING A POCKET.-Yesterday afternoon,
as a gentleman from the country was looking
at the pictures in Colman's window, in Broad-
way, his pocket was picked of a pocket book,
containing 70 dollars. He did not miss his
money at .the time, but on coming away told
his friend that that was the place where he had
heard many .pockets had been picked, and put-
ting his hand on his coat pocket, was;horrified
to find. that his own was gone.--Jour. Corn.

CHILD BURNT TO DEATH.-A little child of
Richard German, living at 45 Orange street,
was burned to death on Tuesday night, by its
clothes taking fire from a furnace of burning
charcoal in the yard. The'child was two years
old.-Jour. Corn.

A NEW CHURCH.-We learn with pleasure
that the corner stone of a new church is to be
laid on Friday next, at 3 o'clock, at East New
York. The church will be erected by the
liberality of individuals, and is designed for
Dutch Reformed worship, although other de-
nominations will occupy the church as may be
required. The basement will be appropriated
for a school, free of rent for ten years. This is
a good feature in the progress of this advanc-
ing section of Long island.-N. Y. Express.

RECENT COUNTERFEITS.-Steuben County
Bank, Bath, N. Y.-3's, letter H; payable to
P. Cook, dated Aug. 24, 1838, signed B.
Stown, Cashier; John Magee,- President; en-
graved coarse; purported to have been en-
graved by Peter Maverick-the genuine plate
was engraved by Rawdon, Clark & Co.
Cumberland Bank, Bridgeton, N. J.-3's,
letter H; dated Feb. 1838; they may be easi-
ly distinguished from the genuine notes, by
the engraving and the signatures, which on
the counterfeits are badly executed.
ALTERED NOTEs.-Notes of the Exchange
and Banking Company of New Orleans, of the
denomination of $10's altered to $100's,,are
in circulation there. They may be easily de-
tected, as the $100 notes have not the vignette
of a hotel on the face, but the $10's have.
FRAUD.-We have been shown a five dollar
note purporting to be of the Mechanics' and
Traders' Bank of Albany. It purports to be
established under the general banking law,
and to be secured by pledge of public stocks
and real estate. Persons are cautioned against
receiving these notes, as there is no such in-
stitution.-Post.


Review of the Market.
For the week ending Aug. 15.
GENERAL REMARKS.-Business continues very dull
,in consequence of the continued pressure on the money
market; buyers feel unwilling to purchase. The stocks
of merchandize generally are light.
BARK.-Sales of No I Quercitron continue to be made
at #42; very little coming in, and that is taken immediate-
ly on arrival.
COFFEE.-Sales of 700 bags Rio at 104 a 1-2c., princi.
pally at ll c. Some parcels of the Roanoke's cargo have
been sold at 12c Cubas at lOAc.
FISH.-We have no change to note.
FLOUR ANB MEAL.--The operations continue small'
and confined almost entirely to the city trade, the exportC
demand being very limited. Sales of new on Delaware
and Broad street 86. The stock is very light and very ijt-
tIe at present arriving. Old is selling on Broad Striet at
05,25 a 05,75, according to quality. Sales of Rye Flour at
*3,62; holders now ask #3,75. Sales of Corn Meal in lbls.:
at #3,50, in puncheons #16,75, and Biandywine t17,50.
GRAIN -There has been more activity than last week.
Sales of Yellow Corn at from 76 a 78c., and of White at 76
a 77c., as per quality. The quantity arriving this week
has been large. Sales of Wheat at $1,25 a 81,31. OatS at
30 a 32c.; Rye is wanted, and will command from 80
a 85c.
HIDES.-Sales of 1C00 Maracaibo at 12c. There have
been considerable coastwise arrivals since our last, but,
the market is bare in first hands.
INDIGO.-Sales of Caraccas at 01,65.
LEAD.--We have heard of no sales this week-holders
are firm at 6c.
NAVAL STORES.-We note no change of any conse-
quence.
OILS.-Sperm and Common remain without change.
Salej of Tanners at 515.
PROVISIONS.-The demand has improved-but with
no advance in prices. We quote Mess Pork at $15 a $161
Hamsaa lie.; Shoulders, prime, 8c., inferior 71c.; Sides 9
a 9jc.;Lard 1 a 12ic.
SUGARS-Remain without any change of moment
Sales of Cumberland Harbors at Sic.; Common Cubas at
7c.; 60 hhds Cubas at 71c.; 50 do New Orleans 71c.; Brown
Trinidads, fair, Sic.
TOBACCO.-There is some enquiry but few sales-hold-
ers firm at former prices. The stock in first hands is only
about 500 hhds.
WOOL.-Thee is no change in prices-but the sales of
the week have been larger than those of the]last week.

CATTLE MARKET.
BEEVFS.-The market was supplied with 300 head
principally from Chester and Lancaster counties, all of
which were disposed of at a reduction of 25 cents per 100,
from last week. Sales of good were made by weight at $9,
which we may consider the standard price for good kill-
ing cattle. Inferior sorts brought from 87 to 8.
COWS AND CALVES.-There were very few in mar-
ket, and no variation from the prices of last week.
SHEEP AND LAMBS have advanced a little, and the
demand was brisk, but few in market and all sold.
HOGS -The supply reached 400 head, all of which
were sold at from $7,50 to 83 per 100 lbs.; they were dull
of sale. About 400 head were yet to arrive this week.

HAY AND STRAW MARKET.
HAY.-The supply has been abundant, and the sales
ready. No old Hay in market. New Timothy bpoughtgi
30 a 90c. per 112 lbs.; New Timothy and Clover 60 a SOc.
RYE STRAW.--Plenty at 56 a 6,25 per 100) bundles.

Reported for the North Ame.ican.
LEHIGH COAL TRADE.
Amount of Coal shipped from Mauch Chunk for the pre-
sent season, to the 5th ins,, 77,366 tons
From Aug. 5th to the 12th. 6,043


Reported for the North American.
SCHUYLKILL NAVIGATION COMPANY.
The following is the amount of Tolls collected at the
places unentionied below, during the wtek ending August
10th.
At Port Carbon, #2620 00
Mount Ca bon, 4492 41
Schuylkill-Haven, 3825 15
Kernsvilte, 177 45
Reading, 763 83
Flat Ruclr, ., 3343
Fairmount, 1262 76


Total for the week,
Amount collected previous,

Sum total for the season,


#13,175 03
262,994 59

S276,169 61


SALES OF STOCKS,
Reported by the Board of Brokers.
AUn. 9


*2000 County 5'stl3SGO, old .................. 85
#400 Lehigh Loan, 6's, 1849 ......................... 97
73 shares United States Bank, ...... .............. 110
2 do Philadelphia Bank .......................104
6 do Commercial Bank, 3 days flat ........:. 57,
25 do Girard Bank, 4 days fiat..;....... 42
100 do Vicksburg Bank S 60days flat. .......... 36
10 d do do S 60 days flat ............ 351
10 do do' do .... ................. ..36
6 do Wilmington & Susquehanna, 18 44......... 93
5 shares United States Bank, ........... ...... 110
50 do Kentucky Bank, .........................77
50 do do do .. ................... ..77
20 do do do .................. .. .: .- .77'
10 do Wilmington RR...................... ....46
10 do Girard fank, .. ......... .................42Z

AuG. 10. s-
0500 Lehigh 6's, 1849, .......................971
5 shares United StaterBank, cash ...... i ....111
8 do Camden and Amboy RR. B 7 flat .... :....110
16 do Kentucky Bank, cash ................ 77
3 do Vicksburg Bank .. cash ......... ....... 35
15l1 do UnitedStates Bank..................110i
54 do Vicksburg Bank .................... .... 36
25 do FranklinFire Ins. Co .--....: ............ 102

Aun. 12.
12shar~s Mechanics Bank :..................4
10 do do do ....................-.40
11 do dos do .. ....................... 40
71 do United States Bank ...................110
20 do Schuylkill Bank .................... ... 1 ..4
14 do Girard Ba k, ... ......................... -41j
6 do do do .. ........... ......... 411
20 do Northern Bank of Kentucky 5 days ..... 874
12 do Louisville'. ......... .. ....... .......... 93
190 do V,1eksbargPatak 34 days .............. 37
20 do Schuylkill Navigation Company op'g flat.- 102
41 do Philadelphia Gas Co .................... 132
58 shares United States Bank, ..................... 110
2 do Penn Township Bank, .................... 64
6 do do ............. ..... .....-65
18 do Philadelphia Bank ..................1....105
14 do do ............. ... .... ....... .1
5 do Vicksburg Bank, ...............I......... *35

AUG. 13.
4800 City 6's, 1840 ...... .... .... ................ 99
$600 do 5's, 1l40 ........ ................. ... ......95
22 shares United States Bank, ................... 110
22 do Mechanics BRnk ................... ..40
10 do Schuylkill Bink, S 60 ................. 37
2 do do do ....... ............ 37k
4 do do do .................... 3 *
5 do .W western Bank, ..... .................. ....491
20 do Kensington Bank ......................... 53
50 do Kentucky Bank, Sthis year ............77
100 do Vicksburg Bank cash ... ........36
100 do do S60 ..............36
27 do Schuylkill Navigation Company,..........100
10 do do do Monday fiat .... 100

AUG. 14.
1 ,share United States Bank .. ............... 109
2 do Farmers'& Mechanics' Bank .............. 56
20 do Schuylkill Bank, 30 ds s o .........o... 37J
53 do Girard Bank, .............................. 411
30 do do .. ................. ..... 414
3 do Western Bank,.............. ...... .*.-.50
10 do Kentucky Bank, .....................77i
50 do 'Vicksburg Bank ...................36
20 do do .12 days .............. 36
10 do do ..................3Ws
50 do do .................... 351
25 do Stonington RR. 3 days flat;-......:...... 23
3 do Camden and Amboy ............... ...ill
11 do do do ................ .... 10
6 do Wilmington RR. ........................ 47
2 do do ........................... 47
20 do Girard Bank 30 ds so .............. 411
30 do do ..do........ ....... 411

AuG. 15.
2 shares United States Bank ................. 1091
3 do Philadelphia Bank ..................... ..105
11 'do Mechanics' Bank, ....................... 404
33 do Schuylkill Bank, .......................... 37,1
17 do do do 2days flat- .........
3 do do do do ...... ......3.'
32 do do dodoo ............37
10 do Girard Bank ......... ...... ............ 42
3 do do .......... ;............... 424
10 do Exchange Bank, Pittsbureg ........ .......45
10 do Kentuckly Bank 10 days ...........78
110 do Vicksburge fank,.......................... 36
8 do Schuylkill Navigation Co ............ ... -100
18 do Camoen and Amboy RR. ...............110
$400 Lehigh Loan 6's, 1844, .........................97
#1500 do do 6's, 1844,.............. ... ........971
20 shares Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank ........... 57
20 'do Schuylkill Bank ................... 37
1 do do do ........... ......... 37.
10 do Schuylkill Navigation. ................... 100
4 do do do ... ............. ...100


LIST OF BROKEN AND CLOSED'BANKS.
MAINE. MARYLAND.
Bangor bank, Baneor, Bk of Caroline, Denton,
Bank of Oldtown, Orion, Bk of Maryland, Baltimore,
Bath bank, Bath, Bk of Salisbory, Salisbury,
Castine bank, Castine, Commercial bk, Millington,
Damariscotta bk, Noblebor'h Cijy bk, Baltimore,
Hallowell & Augusta bank, Conocheag'ebk,Williamsp'm
Hallowell, Elkton bk, Elkton,
Kennebunk bk, Kennebunk Hav. de Grace bk, H. de Gra.
~~Kvwntw Wt~rfHwell, P 434t1- kkt -Uy-p-.rWbT'jgh
Paasanmaquoddy bk,Eastp't Poultney's (Evan) Baltimore
Saco bank, Saco, Somerset & Worcester bk &
Waterville bk, Waterville, branch, Somerset,
Winthrop bk, Winthrop, Susqueh'a bdg Co, P. D nposit
Wiscasset bk, Wiscasset, Susquehanna bk, P. Deposit
MASSA(IUSETTS. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Bk of Norfolk, Roxbury, Bk of Columbia, Georgetown
Berkshire bk, Pittsfield, Central bk, Georeetown,
Commonwealth bk, Boston, Bk of Alexandria, Alexand'a
Chelsea bank, Chelsea, Franklin bk, Alexandria,
Essex bank, Salem, Mechanic's bk, Alexandria,
Fulton bank, Boston, Merchants' bk, Alexandria,
Farmers' bk, Bclchertown, VIRGINIA.
Franklin bank, Boston, Monongalia -Farm. Comp'y,
Kilby bank, Boston, Moreantown,.,
Lafayette bk', Boston, Virginia Salina bk, Clarkis '
Middlesex bk,Cambridge, Western bk ofVa, Parkersb'
Mendon bk, Mendon, NORTH CAROLINA.
Nahant bk, Lynn, Bk of Newbern, Newbeo,
Roxbury bk, Roxbury, State bank, Raleigh,
Sutton bk, Williamsonville, SOUTH CAROLINA.
Fhienix bk, Nantucket, Bk ofCheiaw, Cheraw,
Woburn bk,Woburn, GEORGIA.
RHODE ISLAND. Augulsta Bridge Co, Augusta,
Burrillville bk, Burrillville, Bk of Macon, Macon,
Farm P, Meckbk, Pawtucket Farm's bk of Chattahoochee,
Far. Exch'ge bk, Gloucester Merch & Planters' bk, Auz'ta
Scituate bank, Scituate. Western bank, Rome,
CONNECTICUT. ALABAMA.
Derby batik, Derby, Planters'& Merchants' bank
Do pay at Fulton bk, N. Y. Huntsville,
Eaple bk, New Haven, Tornbeckbee bk, St.Steph's,
NEW HAMPSHIRE. TENNESSEE.
Hillsboro bk, Hillsboro, Bk of State of Ten, Nashville
VERMONT. Farm. & Mech. bk, do.
Bank of Windsor, Windsor, Franklin & Fayetteville bk,
NEW YORK. Fayetteville,
Aqueduct Associat'n,Catftil Nashville bk, Nashville,
Bank of Columbia, Hudson, FLORIDA.
Bank of Hudson, Hudson, Bk ofJacksonv'e, Jack'ville
Bank of Niagara, Buffalo, Bk ofW Flor'a, Apalachicola
Bk of Plattsburg, Plattsburg, Corn bk ofFlor. Apalach icola
Br'ch of N wb'?h bk,Ithaca Mrrch & Plan. bk, Magnolia
Each'ge bk, [Barker's] N.Y. Farmers' bk of Florida,
Exchange bk, Pouehkeepsie Commercial bk, St. Josephs,
Franklin bk, New York, OHIO.
Franklin Manufact' Co. NY Bk ofCincinnati, Cincinnati
Greene county bk, Catskill, Bk ofSteuben'e, Stuberiville
Marble Manufact'g.Co, N.Y, Bk of Mansfield, Mansfield,
Middle Dist. bk,Poughk'psie Bk ofSdky Bay, L Sandusky
Wash. & Warrenbk, S. Hill Farmers' bk of New Salem,
Wash. Manuf Co, Whitehall N. Salcm,
NEW JERSEY. Farm. & Mech. bk, Cincinati
Bk ofN Brunswick,Bruns'k Fa-. & Mech. bk, Chilicothe,
Franklin bk, Jersey City, Farm. bk of Canton, Canton
HobokenB'kine & Grzing co Jefferson bk, New Salem,
Jersey City bk, Jersey City, Lebanon & Miami b'king Co.
Mechanics' bk, Paterson, Lebanon & Miami Expt'u Co
Monmouth bk of NJ, Freeh'd Owl Creek bk, Mt. Vernon,
Manufactu'rs' bk, Belleville Platt (JH)& Co bk, Cincin'ti
NJ. Man. & Bkg co, H,)bok'n Zanesville Canal & Manu-
NJ. Prot. & Lombard bk, do. facturing Co, Zanesville,
Salem&Phil. Man. co, Salem INDIANA.
State bk, Trenton, Farm. & Mech. bk, Madison,
Washing'n bka co, Hacken'k MICHIGAN.
PENNSYLVANIA. Bk ofWasht'aw, Washtenaw
Alleghany bk, Bedford, Bk of Batile Creek,
Bank of Beaver, Beaver, Bk ofTecumseh, Tecumseh
Bk ofSwatara, Harrisburg, Bk ofYpsilantl, Ypsilanti.
Bk ofWashing'n, Wa hing'n Bk of Brest, Briest,
City bk, Pittsburg, Bk of Monroe) Monroe,
Centre bk of-Pa,TBellefonte, Bk of Detroit, Detroit,
Farmers & Mechanics' bk of Bk ofLeeper, Leeper,
Fayette, North Salem, Bk of Plymouth (Wayne co.
Farm.& Mech. bk, Pittsburg bank,) Plymouth,
Far. & Mech bk, Greencastle Bk of Kensing'n, Kensington
Harmony Institute, Harmony Bk of Saline, Saline,
Huntington bk, ALuntington, Bk of Berriau county,
Juniata bk of Pa, Lewistown, Exchange bk, Shiawassee,
Lumbermen's bk, Warren, Farmers' bk, Homer,
Marl pit a. and Rii n ^1 C ln- lanir.Qi t ir 0h .r-


From Sylvester's Detector.
The returns of the Banks in various States indicate their
line of policy, and the existing state of trade. The follow-
ing is the briefest possible abstract:
GEORGIA BANKS.
Loans. Specie. Circulation. Dc posit;.
April 1839, *10,164,131 4,0-21,504 #5,368,796 C1,7-3,1'2
1838, 15,768,683 2,659,721 7,459,563 2,7S3,765


MAINE BANKS.
June 1839, #6,294,397 0209,339 01,744,556
1338, 6,549,182 '271,981' 1,177,555
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
June 1&89, #5,524,626 #179,754 1,439,519
1838, 4,476,442 187,961 1,5 10,691
MISSOURI BANKKS.
July 139. $1,636,575 81,-1f40,214 #355,860
May 1838, 1,090,700 748,593 129,500
CONNECTICUT BANKS.,


March 1839, #12,170,319 5335,417 83.,98:,l.5j tl.Ql,,51i,
1838, 9,709,287 5(r,2,190 1,9(i,63.2 6i,.G3
OHIO BANKS,
July 1839, 82 060,616 86,.432,i20 1
June 1838, 2,P79,209 6,$79,84M
PRICES OF STOCKS.
Corrected weekly by J.iMES USO ..4i4E Z' S(O.,( ,.'q
E. corner Third, Chesnul Sis. PHILA DELPHIA.
Aug. 16, 1839.


5C~-2,036i

00~6~
;4L',3C3j


REDEEMABLE. Par Of'd Ask

Philadelphia L per 1840 100 97 99
cent 1643 100 97 100
1840 100 984 10
"Philadelphia 5 per 184G 100 -
cents I15ii 100 -
[1853100.- -
11f39100"- ~
1841 100 94t 941
18il 100 -
IS50 100 -
I 1l-;3 I1U 971 .9TI
Pennsylvania 5 perl I5' 1I00 -
cents I 156 10l( -
I-3AIx, l 95, i 5
1860100 -
161 100 -
1862 100 -
SG 100 -
- Ohio 6 per cents 1850 100 -
* N. Orleans 6 pr cents 1S50 100
BANK STOCKS.
United States, .- -IW. 10- 1 IImi
North American, _.... 40( 390 00
Pennsyliarlia, 40u 4 1464
Philadelphia, - 100 105
Farmers' and Mechanics' 50 e' 57
,Camden, . .. 46
Commercial, 50 6 5,
Mechanics' 5 4011 4m
Northern Liberties, 30 (' 51
Schaylkill, -- -- -- 50 37 3
Germantown, 50 55 58
Southwark, :-- 50 5 60
Kensington, -.- 50 53 ,5
Penn TowAnship, -- 50 64 5
Girard, - 50 43 431
Western, -- -- 50 52
Manufac's and Mechanics' 50 52 53i
Moyarnensing Bank, 50 0 51
Farmers' Bank, Bucks Co. 15 -
Doylestown,- - 20 -
Trenton Baking Company, 30- -
Minrers' Bank, Pointsvill, 50 -
Cuminercial bk,Cincinnati, 100 95 99
Franklin Rank. di .10 -
Lafayette Bank, do -100 --
Mer. & Ma's Bk, Piusburg, q51 5Il F5
Exchange Bank, Pirlsbug, 40 45 4,
N. Orleans,Canal bank, li'I -N -
N. Orleans City Bank, -100 -
N. 0. Commercial Bank, 100 -
N. 0. Mech's & Trad's Bk, 50 -
N. Orleans Gas, 30 14* 14,
Louisiana. ........ .100 -- -
Union Bank, Tennessee; 100 75 .76
Louisville, ---- -10 -
'Planters; at Natchez, lt -
Aericultural do -
Corml. & B R. Bk Vicksbini i111 35o 36
Princeton Bank, -. '. .2 -
PlantersBank, Trrenin,'sr-, 1iit 79 82
Bank of Kentucky, -100 78 784
North n Bank, - 0 S9 891 9'
Savings Institution, '- 25 -
Philadelphia Loan
INSURANCE SOCKS.
North-America, -- 10 10 110 li
Pennsylvania, - 400
Philadelphia, .. 50 -
Union, -0 -
Delaware, -- - 40 2 34
Phoenix, - 80 70, 80
United States, - 25 -
Maine, - 60 -
Atlantic, - 60 40 45
American, ----- 25 -
Pennsyl'a Life Insurance, 100 100 114-
American Fire do I-( 13'2 13,
Pennsyl'a Fire do -. i i142 i50
Franklin Fire dot .- 10 100 MIjtI
County Fire do 51i -
Southwark Fire do 50 -
Inland do 20 -
Spring Garden Fire d '- 30 20 24
SGirard Life Ins. & Trust, 25 22 24
TURNPIKE STOCKS.
Lancaster Turniike, 300 65 80
Germantown do - 100 42 45
Springhouse do - 100 75 90
Willow Grove do - 100 60 75
Bristol, do-. 100 30. 38
BRIDGE STOCKS.
Permanent Bridge, 10 91 1ID
Trenton, .-.. 80 51) 75
Lancaster and Schuylkill, 50 15 20
CANAL STOCKS.
Schuylkill Navigation, Sh's 50 99 499
Do Loans, 5 1845 100 96 95
Do do I5 100 94 95
Do do 51 1 1- ':10 90 95
Lehigh Coal and Navign. 5, 7'I 90
Do do 6 1P?f I"i I'i" 100
Do do 6 14.-. ifin 97-
Do do 6 1844100 97 974
Union Canal, shares 200 100i 101
Do Loan, 1- 83 100 55 78'
Do do 1840 100 60 80
Chesapeake and Delaware 0) 020 25
Canal, share -
Do Loan 1837 100 50 67
Do do 1840100 50 67'
Delaware and Hudson, 100 6) 68
Sdo Loan, - 100 88 2
Louisville and Portland, ; I(i I.Ai 175
Sandy & Beaver - 100 --- --
Morris Canal; .-.-- 100 31 33
RAIL ROAD STOCKS.
Wilmington and Susq'a 50 47 4i
Camden and Amboy, shares 100 110 110
Do Loan, 6's 1863 100100 110
Danville and Pot sville, 50 18 20
Norristown do ) 50 6 10
Do 6 per cent loan, 100 80 &Ko
Valley Rail Road, 40 25 .30
WIesti'-he.ier do 50 15 21
Minehill do - 50 74 75
N.L.&P. Township R' R. 40 25 40
Philada.& Trenton R, Road 100 109 110
West Philada. Rail-road, 50----
Harrisburg and Lancaster, 50 423 43
Cumberland ----- 50 28 47
Beaver Meadow - 50 30 40
Stonington .- ---- 100 22 23
Reading --,- -- 50 394 391
MISCELt.ANEOUS STOCKS.
Delaware Coal Company, 50 -
Hazleton Coal Company 50 -
. Laurel Hill Coal Company, 30 -. -
North American Coal Co. 25 -
Exchange Stock, -.- -100 C. f66
Theatres, Chiesnut street, 600 p5') 0
Do Walnut t. 280i150 25.0
Do Arch st. 500 300 400
Gas Company, -- 100132 13"
Northern Liberty Gas, 45 50 52


l t J and














July a4d
Jilly "
'4


IHalf yearly
li F, h and






July -- 4



Nnv 5_ 8
July 3


Nrv3- 3-
May. -



Mfy .-41
ay -- 5
-May .-3 4
May 4


May -. 3
No'. 3
nMav .4

July- 4
auly 4
JMly 4
N '. 4
Ja. 4
Sept. -4
Jan. 0
Jul. 3
Jan. 0
March 4
July 4
Jan. -
Jan. 0
Dec.
IMay 3
Jan. 4
Jnly. 4
,,ly 4
July 4
Dec. 5
July 3
Feb. 4
liune 3
July 3
June 5 3
June 4
June- -6
July 0
July --
July -
July'- 4
tpril 4
6
\r -il 4
"31
Lu. 3
Jan.: 0
July 3
fan. -
July 3
fil P3prshara
\I.v '2
May -


Jan. 5
i5lf1 :.' prsh.

Aug. 10


J Ay -5


J.:n.
Judy -
July--
Jan.


Jan.
fan.
July
fan.
fan. .


.." 4
4- 3



;. -6


Jan. 6
fan. 3
fan. 3
July 5


Aug. 6


BANK-NOTE PRICES CURRENT.'
Correct d weekly by JAMBPS MUSGRAVE 4f SON,
S.E.corner Third 4 ChiesflutSt. PHILADELPHIA,
Aug. 16, 1839
DISCOUNT. DISCOUNT.
MAINE IFarm's & .Mech. Bk
NEW HAMPSHIRE I FMetropolis .
VERMONT lMechanics' broke
MASSACHUSETTS I Patriotic Bank -1
RHODE ISLAND 1 Union Bk Georgetown 1
CONNECTICUT 1 Washington 1
NEW YORK., VIRGINIA.
N. York City notes par Bank of Virginia and
Do Country notes j dis. Branches- lial
NEW JERSEY. Farm's do& Branches 1 :)IH
Paterson Bank 1 Valley Bk & Branches I
New Hope at Lam- North Western 21
bertville par a 1 Mer. & MIec. Whg. 2.
Commercial a: Perth Romney
Amboy NORTH CAROLINA.
Camden par State Bank & Branches 21
Cumberland par Cape Fear & Brandhes 2
Elizabethtown 4 N.j Blirn Branches 2j
Far. & Mech. bk New SOU TH CAROLINA.
Brunswickl 1 1Charl i,,ih LL, ,i 2,
Morristocvn 1 ',II IL- :. ',..itbia 3j
Mount Holly par Merchants Bk Charavy 41
Morris Canal I GEORGIA.
S. Bk N. Brunswick par State Bk & Branches 5
N. H. & Del. Bg. Co. par a 1 BankOfAugus.a 5
Newark Ins. Co. 1 Darien "'.' 25
Rahway 1 Cen rl 5
Newark '; Planters 5
People's .' .] 1 Marine & Fire Ins. 5
Sussex 1 Columbus 5
Trenton Banking Co. par Ins. Bk Columbus 5
Orange I OHIO.
Belvidere 1 Cincinnati .6
Salem par Bank of Cleveland 5
Man. & Mech's Bank par Coin. Bk Lake Erie 5
PENNSYLVANIA. Bank of Massillon 5
RnnLr nfTT SotnU o nn i Renir n' 9 lo nh.o1, z v


~


t










a









I








Frormthe Yale Literary Mdlagazine.-
THE ZEPHYR'S SONG.
From my airy hall in the clear blue w et,
I come at the stos of Spring,
To soften the earth's dull, frozen breast
With the rush of my breezy wing;
])rear Wihiter is cone, anid his tempests loud
SHave sil-nceI their -ullen roar,
And the soil grows bright as the passing cloud
Its watery freight doth pour.
I have doff'd from the mountains their hoods of white,
And their tall peak q zoarinehigh,
Stretch up in their vcsiment of green woods dight,
Tn the ',lin sioft azure sky,
While tumbling aILhwn each craggy si le,
A thousand wild torrents go;
*Andi the sil very tracks show where they slide
S Through the laughing dales below.
I have called, and thp sonesters have come away
From the elimes hb.-vond the main,
And ihe woodlands have rest uip their arbors gay,
To lure back their guests aeain ;
I have passed, anil the smniling lawns all wear
Flower'd raiments of varied dye,
While the incense that fl .ars on the balmy air,
Tells where I am wandering by.
Now lightly I dance o'er the sunny hills
S. That sleep in the quivering sheen;
Now gently I steal down the gurgling rills
Through the valleys gay scooped between;
Then crosss the smooth uplands and moors I'm driven
In the waves of the summer beams, -
And move the light clouds o'er the marble heaven,
Or the leaves from their sylvan dreams.
But when fiery Sol from itis zenith throne
A sweltering radia.ince fliu.'s,
And out from the sun-burnt. coIse alone
The locust his shrill note sings,
To the dark, cool grove I stealthy hie,
To play in its wooing shade,
And soothe with mny drosy Ii.,llaLb
The swain neathh its curtains laid.
1 sport with the pine-groves at eve witen springs
The gush of their softest sigh,
Orthrill in my frolick the wind-harp strings
To their sweetest melody;
I chant to the flowers on the shadowy lea
A low-breathing anthem deep,
And charm with my strains the wilder'd bee
In their dewy folds to sleep.
Then lo! neathh my steps, how the harvest plains
In yellow waves rippling, lean,
And w-dark tinge of purple the grape distains
SAs I breathe through its leave ot green;
S And the fruits blush fair on the drooping trees
Where the crimson and gold unite,
While the husbaudni.ai joys in miny pure, fresh breeze,
Entranced at the gladsome sight.
But the season of beauty and bloom elides on,
p nd the briqifsummoer hours decay ;
Soon the loved days of plenty like dreams are gone,.
And warn me to haste away:
But when Winterretreats to his snowy north,
And his chill, saormy blasts are o'er,
Like a fairy sprite, I % ill wander forth
At the turtle's call gnce more.
From the-femocratic Review.
THE FAIRY ISLE.
In the far off South, where no rude beeze
E'er sweeps o'er the breast of the halcyon seas;
Where the airs breathe balm, and the heavens smile,
With a glorious radiance, a fairy isle
Lolls on the breast of the mother deep,
With a dimpled cheek like a babe asleep.
There forests sloped from the silver flood
To the sunlight lift their tall green w od,
With bowers beneath,thrugh whose tendrils gleams
Thie fitful light with its softened beams,
And embroiLers around, with its golden sheen,
The velvet moss of the alleys green.
There beetling cliffs and mountains high
Their dark brows rear to the arching sky,
With windine' grottoes that flash with genms
Richer than sparkle on diadems.
There the crystal waters gently chime
With a mellowed tone or a voice sublime-
The-streamnlet's murmur, the fountain's call,
And the bounding rush of the waterfall-
Till the echoes within their thousand caves
Laugh at the sound of the joyous waves.
The ocean ripples, with gentle flow,
Sweep iu-er sands like the drifted snow,
And nint %hih a chime of mimic bells,
Among shimiin pebbles and purple shells
That echo aptitin pic ocean tone,
As heart responds to a heart like its own.
But the richest treasures of earth and main
Had n ,t been garnered there in vain,
To deck fbr many an ocean mile
In tranq ill beauty the faity isle,
From the wreath of waves and the breath of storms,
For life is there in its rarest forms.
The speckled fish in their sportive play,
Throw up from the waves the silvery spray;
The sea-fowl winnow the water o'er,
Or unfold their wings to the sun on shore.
From flowers that blush with a thousand dyes,
And blossoms'aleaiming like angel eyes,
'Mid the dewy'leaves of the waving trees
Tltat fragrance shed on the passing breeze,
In the caltn of the twilight hour is heard
The warbhlngof many a forest bird,
That thrills the eve with its tones, and illumes
The dark green shades with its golden plumes.
From the mossy cliff, there Ocean's daughters
Their green locks dress in the crystal waters;
And the men gambol, and pelt with pearls
And golden spaneles, the naiad girls.
At eve, in the da ce, at music's fall,
On velvet alleys the focm.ist ps fall
Of the fairy forms that in daylight sleep
In winding shell, or in cavern deep;
Anid some sail on % inds of glorious lielit,
Through the soft and perfmni'd air of nieht,
:. Wbilethe car-like shell nftho Fairy Queen, -
Who reigns supreme o'er the lovely scene,
O'er the moon[t waters is seen to glide,
With her swanlels breasting the rippling ftde.

LETTERS FROM THE INTERIOR.
,"; No. IX. .......-........ .
Do you know where Clinton county is.
Look on your old map; it is not there. Look
on your new map. Non inventus est. And
yet there is such a county in Pennsylvania,
and we, being now at Lock Haven, are in the
very centre and heart and lungs of it. I say
centre because they are trying and hoping to
make this the county town, and get the jail
and court-house here. I say heart because
there is much palpitation lest they lose it; and
lungs because there is some hard breathing.
Clinton county is formed out of apart of Cen-
tre and a part of Lycoming counties, and while


some say it was done for party purposes, to get
a new Senator, &e., &c., I hope it is for good
purposes and will prosper. The map makers
ought to send a sliecial vote of thanks to the
Legislature, for who wants an old map in
which a whole county is left out! They are
now bandying words and carrying on a news-
paper warfare, using small type and large, to
get their officers, and get the team in the traces
and all in motion.
FARRANDSVILL9. -
Do you know where Farrandsville is-cr
What it is! Let mne introduce you. You are
hnow at Lock Haven. The, ever-interesting
Susquehanna is before you. The boats large
and, small, withrafts of tintber and arka of
wheat, are moving up and down the glassy
river. You wish to go up-the river, out of
your way to Farrandsville. You are told a
company are just going, and you can have a
passage. You get into a canoe, dug out of a
solid log, about "20 feet long and perhaps 2..
Feet wide. A poor, bony, laWhy white horse
stands on the bank, and a boy whose dress is
- made up of a shirt without collar, checked
trowsers with one suspender, and that eked
out with a string, and a thick seal-skin cap,
stands ready to mount.' A codfish .line is tied
Sto the canoe, and when all six passengers are
in it, you hear the command "Harry, mount
your carrion" given, and away goes the horse
Son a kind of hobble- and hitch, which is no
gait ever yet described. It is a burning hot
day. You sit down by the side of your learn-
ed companion who takes hold of your left arm,
and as the little egg-shell tottles and veers,
and almost dips, you feel "if you are apt to, be;I
-------- -- -.---1-- rD-.*t-___


perpetual motion to an engine whose arms are
25 feet long, and whose power is called 180
horse-power. And what does this great fellow
do? Why, nothing but blow the fire! And
there he works and blows away, sending his
breath underground in a pipe to alargerbuild-
ing. But what a fire! You never before had
a conception of the power of fire. Away up
on the top, through a chimney, the ore and the
coal and the limestone 'for flux are thrown
down, and this bellows melts them all together.
You stand at 30 feet and look at the furnace,
and perspire and pant, and are almost melted.
You go ten feet nearer and you cannot go near-
er. It is intolerable. The iron troughs, 20
feet long, have a fiery stream of what is called
cinders constantly running. They look like
rivers of melted iron. These empty into cast
iron wagons which are filled in a few minutes.
These are all thrown away. But see those
men! That Welshman, who is the foreman,
with his hair all crisped and curled, and red
enough to kindle one of his own furnaces,-
and his aids, they are stripped except their
trowserm and go up within four feet of the fur-
nace to manage it! Ever and anon they run
to the trough of running water, and dash It into
the face and on the neck, and back again to the
furnace. They do not drink a drop till the
hot work is over for that time, and then it is a
luxury to see them drink cold water. Their
breasts and shoulders are broad, and their
limbs brawny, as if each were made for a Her-
cules. About 30 feet from the mouth of the
furnace is the casting place, and here the melt-
ed iron runs twice every 24 hours and becomes
pig iron. It is but ten days since they have
got it per&ectd so as to make iron. They now
make twelve tons every day, six tons at each
blast! Is not this something of a fire to glow
.day and night! They have a railroad up the
mountain a mile and a half, where they get
their coal and their fire-clay. The ore is brought
in boats from Catawissa, on the North Branch,
about 80 miles. Here they make and bake
about 1500 fine fire-brick every day. The clay
lies just under the coal. It is dug and sent
Down and ground by a very simple process.
It is then wet and moulded, pressed, dried
in tire air and then baked. Here too are
saw mills, and machine shops and all manner
of things of the same kind. They are just lay-
ing the foundations of another furnace, and my
friend of the 180 horse power promises to fur-
nish enough of his breath to keep that in mo-
tion also. It is said to be the finest specimen
of a furnace in America, and when they get
the other furnace up and make 25 or 30 tons
of iron every day, it will be a great affair.
About one hundred rods further up the rav-
ine, is another immense shop, belonging to
another Boston Company. There their sole
business is to make nails. They get their coal
out of the same mine that the other company
do. They take pig iron and put it into the
furnace to puddle it, as it is called. This melts
the mass into a liquid, when it is put under a
heavy pressure and brought nearly into the
shape of an egg. It is again heated, and-the
process of rolling is soon commenced, and
when it becomes about as thick as your two
hands, there is a pair of shears ready to cut it
into any shape, with about the same ease that
a lady cuts her muslin. It continues to be
rolled till it is of at the proper thickmfess. It
is then taken up stairs, and the machines are
ready to bite it off into nails. Here are some
forty or fifty of these biters and a noisy set
they are. A man takes a flat piece of iron as
.. .wide-aa the nail is to be long. He applies it
to the machine, and yah, it is a nail in a twink-
ling. At the very instant the biter says yah,
another spiteful fellow flies up and gives it a
thump, and thia makes the headL- The nail.
whether a small'one', or as large as the great-
est spike, is made in an instant, and they drop
) down all" finished as fast as you can count.
They make and pack for the mark aboutfour
- tons daily! How many hammers would it
take to drive them all?. It is a wonderful af-
fair, and the superintendent, young Mr. Per-
kins, is very kind and pohite'to show you every
thing. There are almost 200 men connected
with the lower establishment, and about 100


with the upper, and their little boarded, half-
finished houses scattered along under the
mountain, are very grotesque in appearance.
SHere are men and mules and dogs, &c., all in
abundance. These affairs all belong to those
wonderful creatures the Yankees.
CIvis.

No. X.
From Lock Haven to Williamsport, a dis-
tance of about 28 or 30 miles, you have a con-
tinued feast in the rich, varying and most beau-
tiful scenery. Much of the way the canal i3
on your left, and the almost unrivalled river
-on your right. At very many points during
the ride, youth are ready to say, "this view ex-
ceeds any thing I ever saw, save .Mount Holy-
oke." The finest lands, the 'most imposing
crops, and the Iiost judicious cultivation every
where meets the eye. Jerseyshore, a town
half way between the two mentioned places
and containing about 1600- inhabitants, stands
in this valley. 'Before reaching that place you
pass over a fine bridge, and are at once aware
that you are near a celebrated spot. Thatwa-
Ster so noiselessly coming down, while the trees
Son each bank bend down as if oiTeceive a kiss,
is Pine Creek. It rises far up among the Al-
leghanies, and down this creek there comes
annually, lumber to the amount of full $2,000,-
000! There is a company whose operations
are far up this creek who do their business on
agigamnic scale. This too, as you may atence
conjecture is a Boston, or an Eastern company.
The people of these regions like, to have an
6"Eastern company" locate and operate among
tlhom Thov do 'hbuinesaa hv rwhleale. Ad it


most, his knavery or his adroitness at spong- life. The application of the battery to incised
ing. parts of the body and the nerves, appeared not
But a real, old-fashioned lumber-man is a to be more powerful, (if as much so,) as to
character. Just sit down now in the piazza of the outer skin. Sparks of electricity from the
the hotel a little after unse he idlers, galvanic battery, perceptible to all present,
and they are many, are con in re. Do were discharged upon the body several times
you see that large square-butr n, with a during the experiments, which several medi-
white hat and blue trowsers buttoned just above al men present informed us they had never
the hips, his vest unbuttoned and his shirt witnessed before, in similar applications.
loose! He has a bench all to himself, and the An application of Electro Magnetism was
company are all glad to see him.. That is also made upon various parts of the body,
"Uncle John Barber." For forty years at but no effect was produced.
least, he has lumbered on this river, and knows Upon an examination of the neck, it was
every lock and stump in the whole course, found that it had not been dislocated in the
He now acts as pilot for the rafts and arks, fall, which was* three feet, nor had the spinal
He earns enough during the spring to keep marrow received any injury. He therefore
him to the next season, as he says his "feel- died from strangulation, which gave cause for
ings are too tender to work%" He must be the opinion above expressed, that his body
nearly seventy. But sit down by him and hear could have been restored to life if obtained a
him talk. He begins to tell you of his hunt- few minutes sooner.
ing and fishing. He knows every deer lick His body was much emaciated, and upon
within 80 miles, where the elk _yet live and examining his lungs, several large tubercles
thrive, where the panther climbs the tree, and were found, the effects of which would soon
where the bear roams. There cannot be a have ended his days in a natural manner.
solitary beaver within 70 miles, but "Uncle Dr. D. informed us that hie had hopes of a
John" will have him, and sell his skin for reprieve until about ten days since, when he
eighteen dollars in less than three months. A told him that such dependence would be fatal
beaver might as well bring his skin to market to his future happiness, as the Governor had
himself as to come within the knowledge of avowed his determination not to pardon him,
"Uncle John." He only delays his fate by Hethenrequestedtobebaptised,but when told
not coming and pocketing the money himself, by Dr. D. that a baptism would hut add to his
Not a panther can howl in the forest, but Un- sins, unless he made a confession of all the
cle John will make him utter his last yell, as facts he knew relative to the murder, he said
lie screeches with a ball through his head. he would put it off a (lay or two; and op the
None of your pop-gun rifles for "UncleJohn," morning of the execution Dr. D. ascertained
he never shoots a ball more than sixteen to the from some source thaW he had been previously
pound. He frequently goes forty miles into baptised.
the forest, and as far away from any human He was very passive while in confinement;
being, and there hunts and jerks'and dries his and, although he told different stories to the
venison to his heart's content. He can tell keepers of the prison and persons who called
you to an inch or even half inch, the length of to see him, yet the above-mentioned ministers
the largest panther he ever shot, and there is a Who had chiefly visited and counselled with
kind of ludicrous mourning in his voice as he him, informed us that they had never detected
tells you he knew a man who killed one two him in a falsehood. He evinced no strong emo-
inches longer. Whenhe tells you these stories, tions of any kind neither during his confine-
he speaks in an under tone, with a voice low, ment nor on the gallows, but appeared for se-
modest, and apparently indifferent, and as if veral days previous to his last, to earnestly de-
ashamed of it, while his sharp eye ever and sire a forgiveness of his past offences.
Sanon gives a peculiar twinkle, as if laughing Fom the froyvienpe Journal.
inside, while it watches your countenance and The Viceroy of Egypt has inadep a eapl i-
attention. He says he supposes hlie has hunted tion to Nigritia, attended by engineers, scien.
S, t abouttific men, and several of the chief officers of
too much, but there is a mock gravity his court. The reports which had been made
this which shows that the penitence is not very to him of the fertility of the soil, mildness of
deep. He can survey too very well, and han- the climate, and vlPe of the minerals of that
dle his fiddle so that it will almost talk. I do region, was fully confirmed by his pritl ip-
not know whether "Uncle aohnis aspection. This province, in the very heart of
not know whether "Uncle John" is a fair spe- Africa, is, in natural gifts, one of the finest
cimen of the lumber-men in this region, bot Colntries in the world. The inhabitants are
no one who has seen him can ever forget of the wil4es apd most uncivilized character,
i. with the most primitive mqea4n of living, in
him. some parts, having no better agricultural im-
I am told that in those counties where lurm- plements than a sharp pointed stick, and inr
being has been carried on most extensively, otiyerg, Stbsisting principally on the bark of a
they have cut off the timber, and ate and drank kind of tree, M t
J ,, ~The inhabitants are Matiernleta, i pu
it up as they went along, without making the Te ih ab it an religion. The cottoep
slaves, who arc of no religion. The cottonp
cleared land into good farms, so that they are plant grows to an extraordinary height, and all
now really no more wealthy than if they never kinds of vegetation flourishes in a wonderful
had possessed these timber-lands; and proba- degree, a single seed yielding fifty and sixty
fold, The vp apd the fig tree grow wild, and
bly not as well off, since it has destroyed them the cultivation of indigop carried on exten-
for being good farmers. There is something sively.
in the lumbering life quite eaptivatingihalf The mines are very rich, and promise to
sailor and half landsman, now dwelling in yield an immense revenue. The Viceroy has
ore and il lands arfounded a pity to be called Mehemet Ali, at
forests and wilds, and now at the wharves of which every one is allowed (5 establish him-
cities, now trafficking with civilij.ed man, and self freely. The Sheiks and Chiefo, who
now away where all is savage and uncivilized, were delighted with the visits and the presents
w d n f t r o of the Yieroy, promised to bring twenty-four
Law does not follow them, the restraints of thousand mneri to work te mines; as a great
the Sabbath do not follow them, and they-are portion of the work would require mechapics
a class of men peculiarly by themselves, and engineers, fifteen hundred other families
There is much to admire about them, much were ordered by the Vicerey. The officers
who are left there, have iristrnetiops nojt ojyv
to blame, and much to pity. Civis. to work the mines, but to Improve the aordj-
-_ ........ tion of the inhabitants, by instructing them in
Reported for the North American. agriculture and the other arts of civilization,
THE ExEcuToN.--James Williams, eon- b- ,tnhtrjbtvngr r-vd nnd implements, and
other things X. ecossary tor their use.
victed of the murder of Kearney, was executed Particular attention is to be pai4 to the cul-
in the yard of the Moyamensing Prison, on tivation of cotton, indigo, and the sugar cane,
Friday, 9th inst, at-half-past one o'clock, in and the government exacts for the present, no
presence of the officers of the law, and a large duty upon agriculture, with a promise that the
duty when impoeed,-shall not exceed ten per
number of persons, admitted as Deputy She- cent.
riffs. He was attended in the morning by the The Viceroy gave orders also for the libera-
"Rev. Dr. Ducachet, and the Rev. Mr, Allen, tion of slaves, and for the proper administra-
o y e e to i s p tion of justice. At Cartoum, through which
who earnestly endeavored to impress upon him pasd oa way, he found several sects
the necessity of repentance, and the disclosure of Christians, who i-ere desirous of ereptinga
of any facts connected with the death of Kear- church for their common use--and lie immedi-
ney. He denied that he had committed the atels issued a firman authorising its erection.
ney. Yoke P .f The Viceroy contemplates penetrating the pro-
deed, and would not implicate Yorke. On .. wt a rail-road, for which tie country


being asked, he said that he might have killed furnishes abundance of iron, and also to con-
him when he was drunk, but if he did he had nect it with the Nile by a canal. He has also
no knowledge of it-he said he had drank "two promised to take the sons of the chiefs to Egypt
and a.ye them educated in his school, after
or three digs" that night, but would not con- which they are to bp returned to Nigritia.-
fess any thing relative to the murder. The chiefs accepted tha proposition with joy.
At 1 o'clock the Sheriff entered his cell, and The results which may follow the eipedi-
read the Governor's death warrant to -him--he tion can hardly now be sufficiently estimated.
This immense province, so rich in climate, soil
listened composedly, and.made no reply. His and production, will be added to the political
arms were then tied slightly behind hislack, and commercialworld, and will prove a new
and he was led forth from the cell, accompa- element in that "balance of power," which
nied by Dr. Ducachet andMr. Allen. On en- has engaged so mUch of the attention of states-
metn.
tering the prison yard, and observing the num- The Viceroy received during his journey
ber of persons assembled near the gallows, he presents from the King of Abyssinia, and sent
observed to Dr. D., "I thought you said I was back his messengers with magnificent gifts.-
y The Cairo Journal thus reports the speech of
to be executed in private -this looks like a the Viceroy, to the assembled sheiks:
public execution." "All the civilized nations of the earth were
He mounted the gallows with considera- originally in the state in which you are at pre-
ble firmness, and listened attentively to the sent, iTbhey .had the happifhess to meet these
ble firmness, andchosen men, beloved of heaven, who marked
solemn service of the Episcopal Chufch, out for them the paths of civilization apd pros-
appointed to be delivered on such occasions, perity. May Heaven have selected me as the
which was read by Dr. D., and also to an ad- instrument of your welfare, and may I draw
S r. n you from this wretched condition! .1 hope, at
dress and prayer, by the Rev, Mr. Alen. He the same time, that you will on your part exert
was then asked if he had any thing to say to yourselves to leave it. You have a fine coun-
the persons present, or any confession to make, try, of immense extent, swarming with inhabi-
and'replied that he had nothing to say further tants, your forests are filled with animals, nay,
and replied that he had nthi gtosay further your country is the finest in Africa, one of the
han.,that he did not kill Kearney. .five quarters of the world, and the advantages
He made a disclosure, in the morning, to or abundance and commerce are in your reach.
the ministers of the gospel who were with Egypt, which is but 360 miles long, and 24-10
him, relative to his former course of life, wichbroad, is every. where renowned for the plente-
him, relative to his formercoure of life, which ousness of its harvests, but that plenteousness
he desired should be repeated on the gallows can only be obtained by labor. Nigritia, with-
previous to his execution, the purport of which out speaking of Ate shores of the White and
was, that his real name was not James Wil- and Blue rivers, has the isle of the Mepnaar,
which is of itself ten times larger than Egypt.
hliams but Lorenzo Dow Seal. That about Men cannot thrive without labor." On saying
three years since he ran away from his master, these words his Highness did all he could to
who resides in the lower part of Delaware, near make them understand this fundamental max-
the boundary line between that ste apd .Ma lThe Viceroy then explained to them in a
ryland, and came to this city, where he changed manner gaitabqe to their capacity, the utility of
Shis name, to avoid detection, agriculture apd icoimpm'erpe. T'fhey agreed in
,th".. -.......... ,1 t ,. e wora;n,^. a" L .....;. n -


pest; but all the live-long summer lies spread
out in gladness apd beauty, drnkpg in the
-rain and the dew, and .-rejoicing in the sweet
light of heaven. It was an enchantment; and
how eould I wish the spell ever to be broken?
But the stage-man's horn sounded; we were
already at the landing; and I had time only to
"cast a few longing lingering looks behind,"
while fresh horsma werp brought out to speed
us on our way,
It is said there is one prairie in Illinois
which is no less than fifty miles over. This
is called the grandprairie, as well it may be;
and I suspect that most of the smaller ones are
connected by narrow strips of verdure winding
abopt among the "timbers," like the straits
and arm- of the sea, affmopg clusters of beautiful
islands,
The question has often been asked, "how
the prairies of the west, especially the largest
of them, are ever to be settled'? How can any
body live without firewood, fencing and build-
ing timber'! Who would be willing, if he
could take tip a township for nothing, to
launch out, ten or twenty miles from every
landmarkl, ypd occupy it?"
Now it cannot be denied, that time scarcity
of woodland is a very great objection to some
of the most fertile tracts in Illinois and Mis-
souri. But the objection is so far from being
insuperable, that a few years will greatly
weaken, if not obviate it entirely. In many
places, perhaps all, you have only to keep the
fires off, ap a youn. growth of oak, walnut,
ash, tulip, &c.,' w-fl! spring up of its own ac-
cord. I noticed a great many such fine em-
bryo forests about the settlements, where a
few years ago there was not a shrub nor a leaf
to be seen. Besides, wood and timber may be
planted any where and every where, with the
certainty-of a far more rapid growth than we
arp ape pOlpd p observe in the northern apd
easlrp States, The black locust, particular-
ly, which makes excellent timber, grows with
astonishing rapidity. There is supposed to
be more wood and timber at this time, in cen-
tal an& northern Illinois, than there was ten
years ago; and I have no doubt theie will be
much more ten years hence than there is now.
The prairie s ,will soonnn be all taken un: and


Correspondence, f the N-. Y. Observer.
GLEANINGS AND REFLECTIONS IN
THE GREAT VALLEY.
THE PRAIRIES.
These great savannas of Missouri and Illi-
nois, have been described a hundred times
over, in books and newspaper paragraphs; and
I have not the vanity to s-uppose that 1 can say
any thing about them, which has not been bet-
ter said by others. Nevertheless, as to me,
the spectacle was entirely novel and exceed-
ingly interesting, I may perhaps venture to
put down some of impressions, as well as I
am able. The first view I had, which was of
the low flat prairies on the Mississippi, did
not, I confess, come up to my expectations. I
could not perceive how they differed from
some of those extensive salt marshes which I
had so often seen upon the sea-board. The
grass was not much higher, and at a distance,
could not be distinguished from the ordinary
growth of the salt meadow. Afterwards I saw
many other prairies, more or less extensive, of
the same level and monotonous character, on
the Illinois river and elsewhere, and found it
quite impossible to admire them; the more so,
on account of the great rains, which made the
travelling very heavy in crossing them, and
now and then prompted the unwelcome re-
quest from our stage coach man, that we would
get out and wade, (walk, I think he phrased it,)
for, continued he, in the language of the coun-
try, 'I am afraid we shall get stalled in the
slew.' In the wettest parts of those flat prai-
ries, the grass is coarse and sedgy, and grows
very tall, Where the fires'sweep over them
late in the fall, or early in the spring, the young
growth Is for a short time extremely slender
and nutricious. But although I should myself
never think of settling down upon one of these
dead-level bottoms, and cannot in conscience
say, that I think them either grand or beauti-
ful, few of them arc so wet, but that in ordi-
nary seasops, they may be cultivated; and they
often bring as heavy crops a4 the richest soil
can yield.
But the rolling prairies are of a very differ-
ent and far more interesting character. Many
of, the inequalities of the ground are gentle
swells, like the billows of the ocean in a calm.
Others rise higher, sometimes sloping off on
all sieds with surpassing gracefulness, and
sometimes extending several furlongs in con-
tinuous elevations, affording the mpps. beauti.
ful sites imaginable for detached dwellings, or
charming villages. I have said that I do not
like the flat prairie at all; but when level tracts
are interspersed with undulations and wooded
islands, stretching away to the distant hori-
zon, they serve to h-eigbten the effect, which
for solitude, grandeur anid beauty, far surpasses
what my imagination had ever depicted.
After I left the Mississippi, and entered the
prairie region of Illinois, I could not for some
time get rid of thie impression, that it was an
old country, which an industrious race of men
had cleared up, and occupied for centuries;
but from which they had been swept oiff, with
all traces of their existence, at a period so re-
mote, tha thile aveyp ofpblvionm has long since
rolled over it, I do not miean' that thi'is is my
theory-for whoever may have been In l)osse-
sion of the country, far back of our most an-
cient historical records, I do not believe it was
ever covered with such forests as you see in
Kentucy apCi lhjo, p P p thp lpperf Missis-
sippi. Certainly, the aninnual fireA of the hun-
ter, have from time immemorial, kept them
clear of timber, except near the water course,
whp.ere it has found adequate and effectual pro-
tectioli,
The largest prairie that I crossed, lies some-
where about midway between Springfjeld and
Peoria. I do not know that its undulations
are more beautiful, or its ever-changing as-
pects more charming, than what you see and
admire op a igmaler scale between Ottoway
and Juliet. Bu'tits apparent boundlessneds
when we were in the midst of it, and its'green
billows just ruffled by the breeze on every side,
as far as the eye could reach, struck me with
an 'iWdespribable a e, poW iisin;r to tb:e s'-
blime and now melting into woin'der And e-
light.
It wvas just past the middle of June, when I
crossed this magnificent prairie. The grass
was about eighteen inches high, very thick,
and of the finest spmnmer verdure. The wild
flowers of the seasop were in their glory. The
day was hot, thmgh not oppressive-for the
breezes fanned it. There we-re.- t plopds
enough in the sky to give alternate shade and
sunshine, as they flitted over the boundless
expanse.' To my imagination, it was the great
ocean, into which I was launching, dotted with
islands,' asd herr apd there enlivened by the
appearance of a tall merehantrman, in the edge
of the horizon. The belts and patches of fine
woodland, some of them so distant, that you
can only see the dark outline, are the islands,
and the single majestic trees are the merchant-
men, now beating up proudly against the wind,
and now spreading all their sails, as they fly
before it. You need not tell mc that it was all
an ilhusjop'! Wlhat if it was, Did I enjoy it
the less, $o-bpt rather thp mose. it ,was a
fairy ocean, which is never lashed by the tem-


ver, whose miraculously extensive whip-lash,
after various serpentine turnings, lights just on
the'ear of oneofthe animals engaged in draw-
ing said stage with its passengers. The horses
also give token of something extraordinary in
as much is both put out the same foot at the
same time and at the same angle, and look in-
deed like on stuid with two heads and eight
legs. A steady going team we should fancy
this to be, and the accompanying, advertise-
ment bears us out in bur conclusion by its pro-
mise of punctuality and speed, covenanting to
carry the travellers through to New York from
Philadelphia in three day.
But a choice of conveyance is offered to the
public, and oppposed to this remarkable image
of a stage, is the no less remarkable image of
a sloop, whose long pennant strangely co;n-
trives to point forward, when from the posi-
tion of the sail, it is obvious that the craft rep-
resented, is beating against wind, and should
therefore have its flag pointing backward. But
this was the day of marvels, especially in tra-
velling. Figures of these masted vessels also
dot the page and call away the mind to far dis-
tant regions.
But now a change comes over the face of
the page we contemplate. Certain monstrous
forms of soilless boats appear, sending behind
themni a dark volume of smoke, seeming to
sneeze at sloops and vapors at the opposition of
wind and tide.
And now the promises of rapid movement
grow more bold in the advertisements; new
cuts are nmade for the stages which run irmcon-
nexion with these fire-breathing steamers.
Two horses are added to the team and the
figure of the coach is smaller and less distinct,
to imitate wd presume, that-it is going off and
will soon be put of jght, whbi a pertain ap-
pearance of copfusion in the before regular po-
sition of thie horses legs, seem to give token of
perturbation of mind among the team and an
acceleration in its movements. ,"Through to
New YoQk:j twenty-four hours" is now the
promise pT., the attending advertisement with
twoor more notes of admiration appended!!!


one of the most happy and independent com-
munities in the State. 0 what a blessing it
would be to the great West, if thousands of
other rising settlements would go and do like-
wise!
From the bt. Louis republican.
Dtv GOODS SALESMEN.--Probably no class
of the community are more annoyed and per-
plexed, at times, than our clerks in the retail
dry goods stores; but, as in all other business,
there are some bright spots-some moments of
requital. The other day, happening in one of
our most extensive dry goods shops, two very
pretty, elegantly dressed ladies came in, which
of course monopolized the whole attention of
the clerks, and the less important customer, the
writer of this, was left in the back-ground,
where, partially detained on business, but more
particularly from the attraction before him, he
concluded to "see it out;" and, a most salutary
lesson was learned.
"I will look at your new style handker-
chiefs," said one of the ladies.
"Have you received any new satins lately?"
interrupted the other.
The clerks fly about, open a dozen different
boxes, display all the rich satins, &c., with va-
rious expressions of delight for having been
so fortunate as to obtain such rare articles, and
most solemnly avow that they are "dog cheap"
-"afforded- for less than any other store in
town"-"were bought at auction during tihe
pressure in New York"-"that Mrs. had
just taken one of those shawls, and Miss -
had just left the store with a dress from that
beautiful, rich, heavy piece of satin!"
"Those shawls a-re rather pretty," said one
of the ladies.
"Yes, tolerable, but they look rather cheap-
not of the latest style," said the other.
"Yes, I think they are altogether too com-
mon. Hav'nt you any that are better and more
fashionrmble than these?" said the other.
Here divers other boxes were opened and
displayed, with an additional inducement, by
way of a speech, for purchasing,
"Oh me! Why those were out of fashion a
year ago! But what is the price of those you
first showed us ?"
"Five dollars."
"Five dollars My-why Mrs. -- paid
ten for one thie other day. We want a better
article than these. We didn't call to purchase
p/ebi/an handkerchiefs, sir," exclaimed thie la-
dies, evidently affronted, and were for making
off, when one of the clerks, (a -Yankee), with
great coolness, observed, "By the way, ladies,
Mr. has just returned from New York,
and if I am not greatly mIistaken, le bhas two
or three shawls' ip iis trupk, iwrhiph he pur-
chased the day he left, intending one for his
wife and the others"-
"Oh! let us see thcm-7-do bring them out!"
exclaimed the damsels with apparent delight.
The clerk having previously laid aside two
of the prettiest of thIe first lot exhibited, runs
back to the counting room, fumbles over a lot
of trunks, &c., and returns, carefully unfolds
the "very costly articles," and with t ip most
grave and .iigntfied expression observes "there
is not, ladies, probably, another shawl in the
whole Western country like that; and this is
just like it, only it has not got the Ceveroe
stocknoi border on it."
"Beautiful I declare I must have thijt,"
say o,0 e; "4 pever.-- say coz, you take one,
and I'll take the otfier-what's the price!"
The clerk gave one, of those knowing looks,
hesitated a little, then observed-"Really, la-
dies, I don't know wvhat to do-I expect I have
dopp wropg in showing Phe-i---.
"0, now don't try to get off-we are deter-
mined to have these shawls-now what's the
price?"
S"Why, I-they cost-now ladies I am afraid
I am doing wrong. Mr. promised his
wife he'd get hq1-r jpc p!-liit.,t slawl in New
York, when hlie went on last spring, and I am
afraid I should get my ears pulled if I should-
"We can't help that-what's the price'!"
"Why they cost-one ten dollars and the
othef. f!ieen, but I am afraid I am doing wrong
to sell these shawls,"
"Coz, (aside),, how much money have youl"
"rwenty dollars."
"Have you? well, here is just a five dollar
bill. Here, sir1 there is your change-we'll
take the shawyls.t'
"Yes, well, 15,1 wrap them up--but I really
don't kpow' what Mrs. -- will say."
Mora/--Whejm you are ignorant of the value
of an article, never insult a Yankee clerk..
For the North American.
TRAVEL AND TRANSPORTATION.
'tnti read the-r history in nations rmi4s."
Mr. Editor,.--In casting my eye over an old
file of newspapers, it occurred to me that an
interesting history of- the improvements in
travelling and transportation which the last
fifty years have witnessed, might be gathered
from the various pictorial embellishments which
accompany advertisements for freight or pas-
sage,
Thus we fipd the earliest figure which ex-
hibits itself op the dusky surface of our large
typed papers of former days to be that of an
oval shaped gtage, with two horses and a dri-


did relish its name. I like neither its sound
nor its significance. As to its significance, the
very adjective new gives to our great oommer-
cial metropolis sepopdh.and pharactpr, as if
referring to some older, more dignified, and
important place, of which it was a mere copy;
though in fact, if I am rightly inforpied, the
whole name commemorates a grant by Charles
II. to his brother. the duke of York, made in
the spirit of royal munificence, of a tract of
country 'which did not belong to him. As to
the sound, what, cap yop ma P pf it, eter in
poetry or prose! e\v York! Why, sir, if it
were to share the fate of Troy itself; to suffer
a ten year's seige, and be sacked and plunder-.
ed: no modern Hoimer would ever bw able to
elevate the name to epic dignity.
Now, sir, ONTARIO would be a name worthy
of the empire state. It bears with it the ma-
jesty of that internal sea which washes our
north-western shore. Or, if any objection
should be made, from its not being complete-
ly embraced within our boundaries, therP is
the MOHEGAN, oPP of t1!e 1 ndan pa.mes fbr
that glorious river, the Hudson, which would
furnish an excellent state appellation. So also
New York might be called Manhatta, as it is
named in some of the early records, and Man-
hattan used as the adjective. Manhattan,
however, stands well as a substantive, and
"Manhattainese," whiiph ]I observe 2Mr. Cooper'
has adopted ip spome of-his writings, would be
a very good appellation for a citizen of the
commercial metropolis,
A word or two more, Mr. Editor, and I have
done. We want a NATIONAL NAME. We want
it poetically, and we want it politically. With
the poetical necessity of the case I shall not
trouble myself. I leave it to our poets to tell
how they manage to steer that collocation of
words, "The United Stales of North Amer-
ca," down the swelling tide of song, and to
float the whole raft out upon the sea of heroic
poesy.I I am now speaking of the mere pur-
poses of common life. How is a citizen of
this republic to designate\ himself? As an
American There are two Americas, each
subdivided into various empires, rTpidly rising
in importaOcp. As- a itifzen of the United
States It 'is a clumsy, lumbering title, yet
still it is not distinctive; for we have now the
United States of Central America; and hea-
ven knows how many "United States" miay
spring up under the Proteus changes of Span-
ish America.
Thip may appear matter of small cencern-
ment; but tiny 'ope that has travelled inf'eign
countries, must be conscious of the enilharrass.
-ment and-circumlocution sometimes coaslopn
-ed by the want of a perfectly distinct and ex-
plicit national appellation. In France, when
I announced myself as an American,,. I have
bwen supposed to belong to one of the French
colonies: in Spain,'to be from Mexico, or Peru,
-4- -iL A


stand still to see the locomotive as it snorts and
roars along through the once ttranquil fields,
and scattering in wild confusion the grazing
herds of horses, sheep, and even the less ex-
citable porkers.
But this pause in the wondering group of
stagers and liners is cnly for a moment. In a
brief period all recover, and each seems re-
solved to hitch on his own favorite vehicle to
this flying monster, and avail himself of its
lightning speed. The stage. proprietor en-
larges his coach and transforms it into a rail
road car. The "canaler" cuts his boats into
three parts, mounts it on wheels, ready in a
moment to unite them again and launch forth
upon the bosom of the waters. Messrs.
Dougherty & Co. advertise their iron boats
for Pittsburgh, and promise to run or swim
without stopping to shift the freight commit-
ted to their cars. The ship-owner, not to be
outdone in this race, puts an engine on board
his vessel, and thus gives a new picture for
our papers-a four masted ship, with smoke
pipe and paddles, and the accompanying ad-
vertisement setting forth the days of sailing of
the Great Western for Liverpool.
Inclined planes with stationary engines,
platform cars, and patent water proof car
bodies-to say nothing of omnibusses and like
common place conveyances crowd upon us,
and leave tihemind at a loss what next to an-
ticipate! A brief glance at the advertising co-
lumns of a daily paper will. showjis rail road
and steamboat lines radiating in all directions
from our principal cities-line linked with
line from one end of the Uuion to the other,
like so many electric conductors, along which
the shocks of disastrous intelligence, and the
tingling sensation produced "by tidings of pros-
perous adventures are conveyed with a rapidity
which must once have been regarded unattain-
able.
What will be our next discovery? In wha
conveyance will our children's children travel
when locomotives and steamers are laid by as
tedious and cumberous antiquities'? This
question we cannot pretend to answer. At
present, however, the steam engine has by no
means attained its highest perfection. Ii-
provements are daily in progress, and during a
late visit to New York I had the satisfaction
of inspecting anew and most ingeniousinven-
tion. A Mr. Lighthall, engineer of the Cham-
plain steamer, which plies on the Hudson, has
combined with great skill the two forms of
perpendicular and horizontal engines, and thus
secured the peculiar advantages of each.
-These are various: power is gained and con.
sequently speed-the machi0ery may he placed
near the keol of the vessel, and thus in sea
ships and war steamers, be put out of danger
from shot and the effects of rolling. Space
also is saved, the machinery being exceedingly
compact, and as it is the combination of two
already well tried forms of the steam engine,
its success seems certain. One of the Provi-
dence line of steamers is now receiving an oin
gine of this description, adN will probably be
uider way in the course of a month. I look
with confidence to this trial as a grand step in
the science of steamboat navigation, and though
oui prints may give us no new picture, there
is little doubt they will give us accounts of a
new era in the history oftravel and tfa-qnspyort
tion. P.Q.

NATIONAL NOMENCLATURE,
From an article in the Knickerbocker by Washington
Irving, Esq.
I am for none of these scodonhapd appella-
tions that staliup u qa secopd-hald people, and
that are to perpetuate us a new country to the
end of time. Odds my life! Mr. Editor. I
hope and trust we are to live to be an old na-
tion, as well as our neighbors, and have .no
idea that our cities, whbn they shall have at-
tained to venerable antiquity, s10ll sti\l e
dubbed NeYw Yor, ap4 AcWv pondop, apd new
this and nelw that, like the Pont Neuf, (the
New Bridge,) at Paris, which is the oldest
bridge in that capital, or like the Vicar (f
Wakefield's horse which cotined to be call-
ed "the colt," until he d!d of old age.
Speaking of New York, reminds me of
some observations which I met with snme time
since, in one of the public papers, about the
name of our state and city. T'he writer pro-
poses to substitute for the present lia!ins, those
of the 'ASfu po QNTARIp, apd tie CIrY OF
MANHATTAN. I concur in his suggestion most
heartily. Though born and brought up in the
city of New York, and though love every


issued at Philadelphia, and not in cheeks, which
currency has been taken up the river in pay-
inent for produce. After circulating through
the western states, at a specie par value, it will
flow back and be redeeemd at its place of origi-
nal issue. In addition to this important, this
vital relief, that bank has imported into New
Orleans, during the season, nearly one
Million of dollars in sjpeie, principally from the
north, apd as rot shipped one dollar, (as Aas
been falsely asserted) to that starter orw ta any
other place, with the exception of about one
half of the amount which she received from
the porth Jfor some bank or banks in Missis-
sippi, and which was forwarded to them."
SUGAR BEET.-A farmer who writes for the
New England Cultivator, states that within
one week after his sugar beet was exhausted,
the butter .from the three cows wasreduced
from twenty o foui teen pounds petrweek. II i
butter was l a much higher repute while feed-
ing on thelugar bi et, than it had ever before
been during the winter.-Reading Journal.

ST. PAUL AT ATHENS.-The house occupied
by the American missionary as a school, stands
on the ancientangors, or market place, where
SSt. Paul "disputed daily with the Athenians.-'
A few columns still remain, and near them is
an inscription mentioning the price of oil..-
Winding round the foot of the acropolis, ;with-
in the ancient and outside the modern wall,
we came to the areopagus, or Hill of Mars,
where, in the early days of Athens, the judges
sat in the open air, and, for many ages, decided
with such wisdom and impartiality, that to
this day the decisions of the Areopagites are
rega0ded as models of judicial purity. We
ascended this celebrated bill, and stood on the
precise spot where St. Pat4xli pointing to the
temples which rose from every section of the
city, and towered proudly on the acropolis,
made his celebrated speech: "Ye men of
Athens, I se thati in all things ye aie too sa-
perstitious," The ruins of the very temples
to which he pointed were before our eyes.
Stephtens.

A BOTTOMLESS MIEADOW.-As the line of
the Glasgow and Ayrshire ,ail-way crosses
from Ayrshire into Renfrenshire, there is a
meadow, about three miles long, belonging to
Mr. W. Patrick, W. S., through WIhich it has
to pass, and where it-has to be embanked four
or five feet high. The contractors lately en-
tered upon it, and commenced the embank-
ment, but were ;not a little surprised to find
that their labors, like those of Tantalus, threat-
ened to be of an endless nature, as having
embanked thirty yards, they found that about,
ten had sunk or subsided below the level of
the line, The, next day repeated their work,


title of Appalachian, or Alleghanian, would
still announce us as Americans, but would
specify us as citizens of the Great Republic.
Even our old national cypher of U. S. A.
might remain unaltered, designating the United
States of Alleghania.
These are crude ideas, Mr. Editor, hastily
thrown out, to elicit the idea of others, and to
call attention to a subject of more national im-
portance than may at first be supposed.
Very respectfully yours,
GEOFFREY CRAYON.
From the Baltimore I Iterary Monument.
REMEMBERED MUSIC.
Like a lay thrown off from some angel's string,
As a spirit pass'd on its airy wing,
It stole o'er my heart, and each pulse beat low,
Pausing to list to the mtsic's flow.
A moment it stir d on'the yielding air
Wildly and sweetly, then-'twas not there.
I had heard that strain, but I know not whin,
Though its tones were old to my feelings then,
And dear as the music a mother's tongue,
To listening childhood, lath softly flung;
And its touch, like the touch to a fountain sealed,
The gush of a hidden stream revealed.
A breeze steals over a tranquil lake,
And the breath bids a thousand waves awake,
That-slept so still on its glassy breast,
As if n- ver to spring from their peaceful rest,
And sparkling and dancing in light along,
Anl ech3 they flung to the zephyr's song.
So that melody, heard in some long past hour,
Stole over nmy b:east with a spell of'puwer,
Arousing from slumber emotion's wayv s,
That lon, had been resting in Memory's caves;
They stirred and sparkled, and shone awhile,
Th. n still'd their trembling aai.d veil'd their smile.
T. S. A.
From the Religious Souvenir.
PAUL PREACHING AT ATHENS.
Suggested by the Cartoon of Raffiaelte.
BY MISS ANN CHARLOTTE LYNCH.
Greece! hear that joyful sound,
A stranger's voice upon thy sacred, hill,
Whose tomn s shall bid the slumbering nations round
Wake with convulsive thrill.
Athenians! gather there. ; hlie brings you word
Brighter than all your boasted lore aflords.
He brings you news of one
Above Olympian Jove. One in whose light
Yvia ,is sliwll fade like stares beire thensu,.
On your'bewihlbred night
That UNKNOWN Gon,, of whom you darkly dream,
In all his burning radiance shall beam.
Behold! he bids you rise
From yourdark worship round thatidol shrine;
He points to him who reared your starry skits,
And bid your Phoebus shine,
Lift up your souls from where, in dust, you bow,
That God of gods commands your homage now.
But brighter tidings still
: He tells of one whose, precious blood was spilt
In lavish streams, upon Judea's hill,
A ransom for your guilt,-
Who triumphed o'er the grave, and broke its chain
Who conquered Death and Hell, and rose again.
Sages of Greece! come near-
Spirits of daring thought and giant mould,
Ye questioners of time and nature, hear
Mysteries before untold! -
Immortal light revealed 1 eight for which yo
Have tasked in vain your proud philsopiy.
Searchers for some first cau e!
'Midst doubt and darkness-lo! he points to One
Where all your vaunted reason lost must pause,
And faint to think upon.
That was from everlasting, that shall be
To everlasting still, eternally.
Ye followers of him
Who deemed his go-l a spark ofdehy I
Your fancies fada,--your master's dreams grow dim
TW t04reality,
$tojl ,Abend that brow drink in that souind I
Skeptic dispel4-hose doubts, the truth is found,
Greece though thy sculptured walls
Have with thy triumphs and thy glories rune.
And through thy temples and thy pillar 'd halls
Immortal poets sung- ,
No sounds lile those have rent your startled air;
They open realms of iUglt and bid you enter theie.

The New Orleans Bee, says:-"If we are
correurly informed, not one of the sixteen banks
in New Orleans, with their forty mtlih'ons rf
capital can give a check upon the north for a
thousand dollars," "DukIng the early part of
the business season," adds the Bee, "when
the crbp was going forward, and northern bills
were abundant, they would only buy at heavy
discounts;-anvd now when shipments of pro-
duce have ceased, and no bills are offering,
they cannot furnish a dollar to those wishing
to remit! The same miserable state of things
has existed as regards westeru exchange,
which they even refuse to receive on collection,
and bills on the 'west, payable in a specie cur-
rency during the height of the business season,
have Ifen sacrificed at 8 per cent, lees! De-
plorable as this state of affairs is, how infinite-
ly worse would it have been but for the relief
afforded through the Merchants Bank, which
has furnished during the season, to the eam-
Sninmii&FOURMILLIONS of Anund curren-


=