VOL. XL.


WASHINGTON: TUESDAY, MAY


21, 1839.


No. 6740


MONDAY, MAY 20, 18.39.

It has been heretofore stated in the news-
papers that R. H. MENEFEE, the talented Re-
presentative in Congress from Kentucky, had
declined being re-elected to the station which
he has occupied with so much. credit to him-
self and his State. We were unwilling to be-
lieve the statement, and hoped, if it was true,
he would yet reconsider his determination. We
are obliged now to give credit to it; for we
have just learnt, upon sufficient authority, that
he has removed his residence from Mount Ster-


EDITORS' CORRESPONDENCE.

NEW YORK, MAY 18.
* A good deal of attention is given to-day to
the departure of the Liverpool. The fact of
Mr. WEBSTER being one of the passengers at-
tracts much notice. On Thursday evening a
party of gentlemen, in a private way, gave Mr.
WEBSTER a dinner at the Astor House, having
no reference to party purposes, but intending it
as a parting dinner to an old friend, who was
about to cross the sea. Men of all parties in
this city feel proud of DANIEL WEBSTER, as a


nil g to Lexington (in another
ican.


- --------- ,' ---------'I
no doubt he is about to pursue his profession,
under a sense of what is due to the interest of
his family.
We very much regret to learn that Mr.
RENCHER, for several years past an independent
and able Representative in Congress from the
State of NORTH CAROLINA, has positively de-
clined being a candidate for re-election. To
this determination he is no doubt urged, in
part at least, by the necessity of devoting his
attention undividedly to his private affairs.

We understand that General JAMES HAMIL-
TON, of South Carolina, recently appointed a
commissioner on the part of the Republic of
Texas to negotiate a loan of five millions of dol-
lars for that Government, arrived in this city on
Friday last, to make some arrangements prepara-
tory to his embarking for Europe in the Great
Western, on the 13th June.
Our opinion of the participation of our citi-
zens, with a mere handful of the actual residents
of Texas, in the invasion and forcible seizure of
that territory, whilst yet a component part of
the Republic of MEXIco, has been too frequent-
ly expressed to need to be here repeated.
Whilst, however, we have seen no reason in
subsequent events to change that opinion, yet,
now that Texas has been recognized by our Go-
vernment, and is about, with vast natural re-
sotirces, to take her rank among the nations of
the earth, we are not disposed to withhold from
her people the justice they may be entitled to,
in their onward progress; more especially if
. ...iron ar pogress more es oial


Among the passengers in the packet-ship
Philadelphia, now due here, and hourly expect-
ed, is JOHN VAN BUREN, Esq. "Prince John,"
as he is familiarly called.
The departure of a steam-ship for Europe
creates a great deal of activity in the marts
where take place the transactions in foreign ex-
change. The operations have been large, and
the rates closed heavily at 109|- to 109V. This
news imparted not a little satisfaction to Wall
street, for the tendency had been upward, and
there began to be some fears that the rates would
so go up as to draw specie; but a decline and
heavy sales soon manifested that there would be
no call for specie, and the result has been, to-
day, a liveliness in the stock market and an ad-
vance in prices. The money market here is
now in quite a satisfactory condition. Anxiety
is over.
In the case of the Government vs. Gouverneur,
the jury yesterday, after being out a very long
while, returned a verdict of $26,000 in favor of
the United States. On an item of $6,000 the
jury stated they could come to no decision.
The case is to be taken up to the Supreme
Court. This trial has developed some very re-
markable facts respecting the management of
the Post Office Department, confirming all and
more than all Mr. EWING brought out in his
great Post Office Report. Of the justice of the
verdict I have no means of forming an opinion,
but it seems to be the general opinion that the
jury were left to gcope their way through the
darkness of the Post Office accounts, and to


they add another link to the golden chain of
jump at what they guessed to be a just decision.


human civilization.
We do not see why General HAMILTON should
not succeed in his mission. Independently of
Texas having a public domain, comprehending,
we think, an area of one hundred and fifty mil-
lions of the most fertile land on the face of the
earth, with a climate propitious to the cultiva-
tion of the most valuable of its staples, she will
have, it is likewise said, during the current year,
a revenue from her customs of a million of dol-
lars, and fees on land-entries to the extent of
half a million more.
But, we confess, great as these material sources
of credit may be, we place more reliance, as a
guaranty for her obligations, on the stability her
Government and institutions are seemingly as-
suming, and on the apparent discretion and
moderation of her policy.
In the first place, we know that she has sent
a Minister to MEXICO to treat for peace-and, it
is said, with every probability of success-not
alone to stop the lust for conquest among her
people, but to make indemnity to that country,
that she may have a better claim to the region she
has acquired than the mere tenure of the sword.
In the next place, it is understood that she
has resisted all overtures and temptations to
unite with either party in the civil war now rag-
ing in MEXICO, whilst she seems equally to have
kept aloof in the recent war between FRANCE
and that country from all alliances that might
have made her tributary to a first-rate European
Power, even at the price of her recognition and
countenance.
These are all good omens, and, as now no.
thing apparently can prevent Texas from becom-
ing a prosperous and independent nation, we
trust she will add another enduring testimonial
tb the inherent faculty of the descendants from
European stock to build up, even in the solitary
recess of the wilderness, those civil and political
structures which are calculated to give an
abiding place to the empire of religion, literature,
and laws.
We nailed to the counter, on Saturday last, a miserable
calumny, devised by whom we know not, but published as
true by a writer for the Richmond Enquirer said to be in
the employ of the Government. A certain charge made
by that writer, we pronounced false and unfounded, so far
as it was intended to apply to the publishers of this paper.
The Official Editor in this city has taken up and affirm-
ed thecharge upon some authority which he pretends to
have for doing so. We repeat, therefore, that the whole
charge is, in every particular and in any construction of it,
wherever originated, or by whomsoever repeated, false, un-
f.unded, and calumnious; sufficiently so to entitle the
fabricator or wilful utterer ot it to the first vacant place in
the Penitentiary; if he have interest enough in Court to
be promoted to it.
The official calumniator intimates that the allegations
of the writer in the Richmond Enquirer have been hereto-
.^ ....-r ". A i Ah. h/ nJ. i ha mo* rt honn snit roml e ''n


Our canal is again in lively business. The
breaches are all repaired. It is estimated that
100,000 barrels of flour are on the way between
this city and Rochester.
A case of forgery on the part of a broker in
Wall street was yesterday brought to light. TY-
SON is the name of the broker. He is said to be
on the way to Texas. He is respectably con-
nected here.
United States Bank stock to-day sells at 118.
COOrER has got a $400 verdict in a libel case
against an editor in Cooperstown.
RATES OF DOMESTIC EXCHANGE.
Baltimore, 4 to I New Orleans, 1i to 2
Richmond, 1 to 1A Nashville, 5 to 6
Charleston, 2 to 21 Natchez, 8 to 15
Cincinnati, 4 to 5 Louisville, 3j to 4
Augusta, Geo. 3 to 3j St. Louis, 4 to 5
Savannah 2S to 3 Detroit, 5
Mobile, 8 to 81

A NEW LION TAMER.-The Cincinnati Re-
publican contains the following paragraph :
OPPOSITION to VAN AMBURnac.-During the past win-
ter, Mr. J. C. CARTER has been astonishing the citizens of
this city with his daring feats in the way of entering the
cages of lions, tigers, &c., and exhibiting the most surpris-
ing self-possession in their presence, and it has astonished
all who have seen him to witness with what daring fear-
lessness he controlled them. Mr. Carter is now about vis-
iting Europe with a cage of lions, tigers, and leopards, to
the number of twelve or thirteen, jumbled together, with
the view of giving a touch of his peculiar powers to the
European Public. He expects to sail from New York di-
rect for Havre, with the intention of opening in Paris.
Until within five or six years past, the citizens of the
District of Columbia were dependent on the North for a
supply of lime, since which time three extensive manufac-
tories of that article have been put into operation in the
First Ward of this city, which manufactories are, at this
time, competent to furnish all ti lime required in the Dis-
trict of Columbia and the surrounding vicinage; also, to
furnish lime for exportation to supply some of the South-
ern cities.
The quantity used in the District of Columbia may be
estimated at 40,000 barrels, which, at the prices heretofore
paid for Thomaston lime, averaging $1 75 per barrel,
would amount to $70,000. This amount, by using the
home-manufactured article, would be retained within the
District, whilst, at the same time, 62k cents per barrel, the
difference between the cost of Thomaston lime and the
cost of the Potomac lime, amounting to $'25,000, would
be actually saved to the purchasers.
The Potomac lime, made in this city, sells in the South-
ern market 33 cents higher than Thomast(n lime; thus
it would seem that our distant neighbors estimate our lime
according to its real value, whilst the citizens of the Dis-
trict encourage the importation of an inferior article, which
they sell at 33 cents more than the fine Potomac lime is
furnished for, fresh from the kilns, and delivered in any
part of the city.
It has been asserted that Potomac lime would not an-
swer for plastering; it is now, however, ascertained beyond
a doubt that the wood-burnt lime made in this city is equal
to any that has ever .een used, either for plastering or other
work to which lime is applicable. Some of the rooms in
the new Treasury building have been finished with Poto-
mac lime, and, on examination, they will not suffer in
comparison with any finished with Thomaston or other
lime. The manufacturers of lime in this city are well de-
serving of the patronage of their fellow-citizens, for, whilst
they have furnished profitable employment to hundreds,
they have not yet made one dollar for themselves.

MARRIAGE.
11 ..n I AT '%T --I- I- L T


TO THE EDITORS.

GENTLEMEN: Will you oblige a constant sub-
scriber by republishing in your paper the Report
made in secret session of the Senate on the 21st
March, 1832, by Mr. TAZEWELL, then chairman
of the Committee on Foreign Relations, touch-
ing the subject of the Maine boundary. The'
other members of that committee were Messrs.
FORSYTH, (the present Secretary of State,) KING,
of Alabama, WHITE, of Tennessee, and BELL, Of
New Hampshire, and all these gentlemen were
understood as concurring in that report at the
time, except Mr. BELL, if my memory be cor-
rect. Mr. FORSYTH not only concurred in
this report, which declares expressly that the
.Kng of the Netherlands "has by his award
decided the whole subject," and concludes with
a proposition to stand by that award, but he so-
leinnly recorded his vote in favor of that propo-
sition, by voting against a motion to strike it
out.* There appear to have been but eight Sen-
ators at that day who voted to give up the terri-
tory which the King of the Netherlands recom-
mended usto cede away to Great Britain, and Mr.
FORSYTH was one of the eight. Can you in-
form me whether it appears, from any docu-
mentary or other evidence, that Mr. FORSYTH
has ever changed the opinion he then gave in
favor of giving up our claim to that disputed
territory ? REMINISCENS.
See Gales & Seaton's Congressional Debates, vol. 8,
part 1, page 1395.

The Editors, without being able to give the
information required, comply with their respect-
ed Correspondent's request, by publishing the
following Report:
IN SENATE, MARCH 21, 1832.
Mr. TAZEWELL, from the Committee on Foreign Rela;
tions, to whom were referred the several messages of the
President of the United States of the 7th and 21st of De-
cember, 1831, of the 27th of January and 8th of February,
1832, together with the several documents which accori-
panied the same; and to whom were also referred the mo-
tion and resolution submitted to the Senate by one of the
Senators from the State of Maine, on the 24th day of Ja-
nuary last past, submitted the following report:
That this committee have bestowed upon the several
subjects to them referred, all the attention which their
great importaspe demanded. At the commencement of
their examination of these interesting subjects, every mem-
ber of this committee was equally aware that their feel-
ings; as citizens of thie United States, might very probably
mislead any judgment they might be disposed to form in
regard to the correctness of the determination of his Ma-
jesty the King of the Netherlands, which proposes to es-
tablish the boundary between the possessions of the United
States and those of his Majesty the King of Great Britain.
Every argument which suggested itself to the mind of any
member of this committee, to prove the truth and justice
of the several positions for which the United States have
contended in the course of the discussion of this subject,
had already been presented by their different agents, and
had proved unsatisfactory both to Great Britain and to the
arbitrator mutually choen -by the two lowers to settle'
and determine the subject of- difference between them.
This circumstance, of itself, was sufficient to warn the
committee against confiding too implicitly in their own
opinions, with regard to a matter as to which they were
conscious of feeling so deep an interest, and to induce
them to view the subject as it now exists, rather than to
consider it as presenting a question still open for discussion.
This committee entertain no doubt of the perfect right
of the United States to refuse to abide by the award of
his Majesty the King of the Netherlands, if the constitut-
ed authorities of the United States shall think that this
award is not made within the terms or meaning of the sub-
mission; anl they are aware that many reasons exist
which, to the minds of our own citizens at least, may ap-
pear strong, to induce the opinion that such is the case.
But will such arguments satisfy others ? and, if not, what
will be the effect of rejecting this award ? These are the
only questions which this committee think it necessary
now to examine.
The history of this country will show that the question,
what is the true Northeastern boundary of the present
United Siates, has been often discussed between the diffe-
rent parties interested in its decision. While France held
the territory contiguous to the former colonies of Great
Britain on their Northern and Eastern frontier, this ques-
tion then disturbed the relations of these two Powers, and
it was only settled by the treaty which transferred all the
dominions of the former, in this quarter, to the latter. Not
long after that event, the same question was revived be-
tween Great Britain and her then colony of Mas.sachusctts.
As the Kfing of Great Britain was at that time the sove-
reign of all the Provinces limited by this boundary, no mat-
ter where it was established, or how it was run; and as
no private rights had then been acquired near to the line
which was ultimately settled by him as the boundary of
these Provinces, it was then of little moment to any where
this line was fixed. Hence, probably, in establishing the
Northeastern boundary of Massachusetts at that time, but
little regard was paid to accuracy of description or preci-
sion of terms, and a line was fixed upon, of which the
terminus a quo" was not mire certainly described than
the terminus ad quemn." Before it became ne ssary to
ascertain this line with any degree of accuracy, our Re-
volution commenced, and the uncertain boundary esta-


blished by the previous act of the Government of Great
Britain was recognized by the treaty of 1783 as the North-
eastern boundary of the United States.
Thus the old question, what this boundary line was,
and where it ran, was revised. The settlement of this
question constituted the subject of the fifth article of the
treaty between the United States and Great Britain in
1794; and it was supposed by both the parties to be deter-
mined with sufficient accuracy by the final decision of the
commissioners appointed in pursuance of that article. It
is worthy of remark here, that the decision of these com-
missioners differed not less widely from the positions con-
tended for by each of the two disagreeing parties at that
time, than does the present determination of his Majesty
the King of the Netherlands, from the positions assumed
by each of the same parties upon this occasion. Yet both
the United States and Great Britain concurred in adopting
the decision of these commissioners, although it varied es-
sentially trom the claim of boundary set up by each of the
two Powers.
This decision settled definitively the uncertain "termi-
nus a quo" the Northeastern boundary of the United
States was to run; and as no difference then existed be-
tween the tw Powers as to the course or direction of this
line of boun ary, the terminus ad quem" was also sup-
posed to be fixed. Doubts being afterwards suggested on
the part of Great Britain as to this point, it was the pur-
pose of the fifth article of the treaty of Ghent, in 1814,
to remove these doubts, by adopting a mode for settling
them, similar to that which had been found satisfactory to
the parties in the previous case. The commissioners ap-
pointed by the high contracting parties, in pursuance of
this fifth article of the treaty of Ghent, could neither
agree in their opinions, or effect any other adjustment of
the matter to them referred; therefore, the event contem-
l.atoel h~ that rt tl.tio vinrr thn nornerrol it hbonaO n _-


nation, have, in some degree, been changed by the acts of
the parties themselves. Under such circumstances, it is
not reasonable to expect that Great Britain, who has thus
long and often refused her assent to the positions taken by
the Urited States in regard to this controverted point, will
yield a nire ready acquiescence in our wishes now, than
she has hitherto done; especially when she sees that her
own opinions are sustained, at least in part, by the deter-
mination of a disinterested arbitrator, mutually selected by
both the parties.
Should this prove true, if the United States, on their
part, refuse to abide by this award, the necessary conse-
quence must be, that' the pretensions heretofore set up by
Great Britain, and which are in part rejected by the award,
will be revived and insisted upon by her in their full ex-
tent. In what mode, then, can the controversy so revived
be settled 1
A new negotiation cannot be supposed likely to produce
more beneficial results than those which have already
taken place. In the discussions which were had at
Ghent, in those carried on between the commissioners ap-
pointed to determine the question of boundary, and in
those addressed to his Majesty the King of the Nether-
lands, the argument on either side seems to have been ex-
hausted. No profitable result, then, can be expected from
reviving a discussion in which nothing new can be pre-
sentedf on either side, and in which the rights and interests
of the parties, whatever these may be, remain as heretofore.
Besides, previously to entering upon such a negotiation,
something must be agreed upon in regard to the disputed
territory. Recent events very plainly show that, without
some agreement upon this point, border conflicts will inev-
itably take place between the citizens and subjects of the
two Powers who claim this territory; which conflicts must
soon produce a'general war between these Powers. What,
then, is to be done with this subject of controversy, pend-
ing the negotiation instituted to adjust the title to it ?
A.stipulation that it shall remain, as now, unoccupied
by either party, until the question of right is settled, seems
to favor the views and policy of Great Britain so decidedly,
that such a stipulation would amount in effect to an aban-
donment of claim on our part to the whole subject. No
termination favorable to the United States ought to be ex-
pected from any negotiation which holds out such an in-
ducement to the other party for procrastination and delay.
The same result is equally probable, if each party should
be permitted to occupy such portion of the disputed terri-
tory as is allotted to them respectively under the award,
which would be then declared not to be obligatory upon
either. In the latter case, too, the matter wouhi be made
of still more difficult adjustment, by reason of the rights
and interests which the citizens and subjects of each of the
two parties would acquire in the territory yielded to the
occupation of the other; and a proposition that one should
occupy the portion of the territory assigned to it, while the
negotiation was pending in regard to the right of the other
to the remaining portion of the same territory, which
should not be occupied by that other until the question of
rigat was finally determined, would be a proposition so
wanting in reciprocity, that it ought not to be made by any
Power which pays proper regard to its own character.
Undpr such circumstances, where negotiation promises
to yield nothing of good, but one resort remains. To this
last resort the committee do not understand that even the
State of Maine itself is willing now to come. But, if the
case was different, it would present a question worthy of
the most grave consideration, whether the United States
should ever willingly involve themselves in war with any
Power whatever, to maintain an asserted right to terri-
tory long disputed, which had been determined not to be
theirs by an arbitrator chosen by themselves. Although
it may perhaps be truly said in this case that the United
States are not bound by this award, as such, yet it will be
considered by all the civilized world as the impartial opi-
nion of a disinterested judge, upon a question of much
perplexity and difficulty. Such an opinion would have
the effect of placing us (seemingly, at least,) in the wrong,
anmd therefore would greatly impair the morat teiCBettAe
United States have always broug4-t into every contest in
which they have hitherto been involved.
These considerations have induced this committee to
think that the policy of the United States will be best con-
sulted by announcing to Great Britain their willingness to
assent to this award. But as the boundary which it esta-
blishes will probably be found not less inconvenient to
Great Britain than to the United States, and as, under the
award, the navigation of the river St. John and its tribu-
tary streams is not made free and common to both parties,
.this committee are of opinion that it will be advisable for
the President, in communicating to Great Britain his de-
termination to abide by the award, to signify to that Power
his desire to open a new negotiation, for the purpose of set-
tling a more convenient boundary between the territories
of the two empires, than that which is so established; and,
also, for securing to each party the free navigation of the
river St. John lad its tributary streams, from its mouth to
their respective sources.. Should Great Britain accede to
this overture, if, in the course of the negotiation, it is found
practicable so to do, the President will of course avail him-
self of any and every occasion to obtain a boundary more
acceptable to the State of Maine than that which is esta-
blished by the determination of his Majesty the King of
the Netherlands.
In regard to the objections urged to this award in the
resolutions which have also been referred to this commit-
tee, they deem it only necessary to say that, as the provi-
sions of the fifth article of the treaty of Ghent admit the
fact that the true boundary of the United States, thereby
referred to, was not then settled, and establish a mode
whereby this boundary might thereafter be ascertained
and determined, it cannot be admitted that the subsequent
settlement of this matter by the mode then agreed upon can
properly be considered as a cession or transfer to a foreign
nation of any portion of the territory or inhabitants of any
one ofl the United States.
If the commissioners appointed to determine this matter
had concurred in opinion, as they did in 1795, although the
determination might have been, as it then was, in opposi-
tion to the pretensions set up by each of the disagreeing
parties, none can believe that their award would not have
been held as conclusive as was that referred to, although
both these awards would have been subject to precisely the


same objections which are now urged. And, so far as the
question of authority is concerned, it would be impossible
to show that the umpire had less authority over the subject
than the disagreeing commissioners possessed. In no case
can the adjustment of any controversy be properly regarded
as an abandonment of right in the subject, the title to which
is contested. In all such cases, the decision does nothing
more than to determine in which of the two disagreeing
parties the right originally was; and neither can properly
be said to yield to the other that which the decision affirms
to have always belonged to that other. So that the ques-
tion recurs-Will the United States adopt this award as
determining what was their original and true boundary ?
Once admit the award to be binding on our faith, and the
question of right ceases; and, even if the award be set
aside, the determination not to abide by it must never be
rested upon the ground that it deprives us of rights which
we believe to be ours, but upon the ground that it decides
matter which was never submitted to arbitrament. If the
authority to decide the question is admitted, the correct-
ness of the decision can never be questioned, except by im-
pugning the integrity of the judge, a charge which none
can prefer or sustain in this case.
The committee therefore recommend to the Senate to
adopt the following resolution:
Resolved, That the Senate advise the President to ex-
press to his Majesty the King of the Netherlands the assent
of the United States to the determination made by him,
and consent to the execution of the same.
.Z --S ..
SHERMAN & CHAMBERS,
Attorneys at Law,
MOBILE, ALABAMA.
CHARLES e. SHERMAN. )
JOHN A. CHAMBERS. S mar26-cply
I AND AGENCY, ST. IOUIS, MISSOURI.-
AA rTL- -.... ,....: s. k ,, .... l.. t n-. ,.-1 h mzo 1ri q T .... ; X in-.


FURTHER FROM FLORIDA.

CORRESPONDENCE OF THE NATIONAL GAZETTE.
GAREY'S FERRY, (E. F.)MAY 3, 1839.
News has just reached here from Tampa Bay that the
chief Nea-thlocko-Emathla, who voluntarily surrendered,
with others, about two months ago, and was retained by
Gen. TAYLOR as an influential caterer for emigrating par-
ties, had absented himself for several days previous to the
22d of last month, and during that night he returned with a
large party of hostile Seminoles and forced off a considera-
ble number of the people who had prepared for emigration.
Among the latter was a Spaniard, whom the chiefreleased,
and sent back to Lieut. Col. CUMMINGS, with an assurance
that neither he nor his people would attend the Council
proposed by Gen. MACOMB, as the white man had two faces;
that while a paper proposing a treaty was circulating among
them, the soldiers were hunting them down; that the In-
dians will make no treaty, and are prepared to fight as
long as they can obtain ammunition, or can use the knife.
Gen. TAYLOR's confidence in Nea-thlocko-Emathla was
almost unbounded; relying very much apon his influence
in obtaining the general consent of the nation to meet Gen.
MACOMB in Council. The chief was under an engagement
to meet Gen. TAYLOR at Fort W.hite, near the Suwannee,
on the same day he returned to his nation.
For two or three days after, the Indians frequently ap-
proached within a few yards of the guard-house at Fort
Brooke, (Tampa Bay,) and are doubtless still anxiously
watching every movement. I am satisfied that there has
been no period during the war that our operations have
not been anticipated by the Seminoles, and our designs
frustrated by their unceasing vigilance. They watched
DADE and his party, and closely beset him, until their num-
bers sufficiently increased to warrant a successful attack
and massacre; while many miles distant, on the same day,
Gen. THOMPSON fell a victim to his misplaced confidence
in that villanous drunkard and thief. Powell, whom some
of the fancy have ignorantly painted and sketched as one
of the noblest and most undaunted of his race. General
CLINCH'S passage of the Wythlacooche was promptly dis-
puted three days after, forty or fifty miles distant from the
scenes of the other actions ; and when Gen. GAINES at-
tempted to ford the river two months thereafter, the watch-
ful sentinels were there to check his progress; and so have
they exercised a vigilant surveillance over every operation
of every command sent against them.
Many hundred more of our soldiers and citizens might
have been destroyed ; but I am convinced, from an accurate
observation of affairs in this quarter, that they have avoid-
ed (I mean the great body of the nation and chiefs) mur-
ders, in many, many instances, under the hope that their
forbearance would induce us to relax our determination of
removal. The few depredations and murders west of the
Suwannee, within the last few months, were most proba-
bly committed by some outlaws or vagabonds, from which
no nation on earth can'claim exemption. It may appear to
be an extravagant expression of confidence, but I have not
the slightest doubt that if all our troops south of this place
were withdrawn, and no hostile demonstration made against
them, the Indians would evince a peaceable disposition.
But the wholediffiqulty was caused by a fraudulent treaty,
and the war is against that treaty. We require a fulfil-
ment of its stipulations, they deny its validity. As we in-
sist upon the justice of the measure, and are contending
for principles, policy forbids a withdrawal of our troops ex-
cept by treaty. But, I reiterate, if it were done without
negotiation, the most peaceful results would flow from it-
notwithstanding it would be a tacit admission that we had
discovered we were wrong.

GAREY'S FERRY, (E. F.) MAY 6, 1839.
By an express which left Getn-tal MACOMB on the 4th
inst. we learn that his efforts to obtain a hearing among the
Indians, have, so far, been attended with but indifferent
success. Within two weeks, four whites have been killed
in battle within a few miles of the General's quarters; in-
deed, every express brings some intelligence of the Indians
moving north into summer quarters. The system of"mil-
itary occupancy" seems to work indifferently bad. You
know, 1 presume, that the country north of the Wythlacoo-
che, east of the Suwannee, and south of the Georgia lime.
has been laid off in squares of twenty miles, near the cen-
tre of which a military work is to be erected, and the square
committed to the charge of one or two companies, thecom-
mander of which is responsible that no murders are com.
mitted, and that no Indians remain within its bounds. By
this system, Gen. TAYLOR calculated upon driving the In-
dians south of the Wythlacooche, and, by following up the
system, eventually drive them to the jumping-off place.
But it is morally certain that more Indians are now within
the square than there have been for several months previous.
Another express has just arrived from Fort King, and
brings information of a formal application of Gen. TAYLoR
to be relieved of the command in Florida. No Indians have
as yet come in, and the General despairs of success in ne-
gotiating. He will probably remain here a month longer.
A proposition of a most singular character has been made
to the President, and referred to the Secretary of War, and
by him submitted to Gen. MACOMB. An individual from
the North proposes the employment of Newfoundland
Dogs, which he states he will furnish at six dollars per
head; or he will contract to terminate the war within a
specified time, upon certain conditions. The General has
not yet decided upon this novel proposition, though he has
it under consideration.

NICHOLAS STONESTREET,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Port Tobacco, Charles county, Maryland,
Will attend to atny business entrusted to his care in Charles,
St. Mary's, or the adjoining counties.
may 11-eol.mrn
MAIL AND ACCOMMODATION STAGE LINE.
-i -.--


FROM WINCHESTER DIRECT TO PARKERSBURG,
VIRGINIA.
T HE Subscribers, having connected their routes, will run
twice a week from Winchester to Parkersburg, the entire
route, on the Northwestern Turnpike Road, through Romney,
Clarksburg, &c.
The Stages leave Taylor's Hotel, in Winchester, every Mon-
day and Friday at 8 o'clock, and arrive at Parkexsburg on Fri-
days and Tuesdays, and will return in about the same time.
No night travelling on the line. The distance through is 235
miles, and fare 815 50. All intermediate points in about the
same proportion.
r Tiavellers will find this route more comfortable, about
as quick, and much cheaper than by Wheeling, if they are go-
ing down the Ohio river. Good drivers and teams are employ-
ed, and every possible attention will be paid by the proprietors.
N. KUYKENDALL,
JOHN LEWIS & CO.
ap 20-w6w Proprietors.
VALUABLE PROPERTY F'OR SALE IN
ARKANSAS.-3,000 acres of Cotton Land, and 100
NEGROES.
This estate lies in Phillips county, in the State of Arkansas,
and is situated in Walnut bend, on the Mississippi river, twen-
ly-five miles above the town of Helena-said to be the highest
river land in that region ofcountry. It was upon this land that
the neighbors around drove their cattle to get food, and to save
them from the high waters of tho year 1828. There are six
hundred acres cleared, and a portion of it has been cultivated
in corn two years, which has put it in excellent condition for
cotton the present year; for the growth of which the soil is
peculiarly well adapted. The improvements are, an Overseer's
house, a first-rate Horse Mill, and fifteen good quarters for ser-
vants. The clearing on the rest of the land is far easier, (the
worst having been gone through,) being less timbered, and most
of that Ash, which is rendered very valuable for its ready sale
at a well-located wood-yard, where several thousand cords may
be sold during the year. The Negroes were settled on the lan-
;. the .aitrnin f1. IR ~. nnd nra now a.nnidrprapr nrl .imantpr


CHAS. H. CONSTABLE,
Attorney and Couisellor at Law,
Mount Carmel, Illinois,
UL7% ILL attend to any business entrusted to his care in the
S counties of White, Edwards,Wabash, Lawrence, Wayn
Clark, Crawford, Edgar, Vermilion, Coles, and Clay.
REFER TO
Thos. S. Hinde, Esq.
J. Beall, Esq. Mount Carmel, Illinois.
Wm. T, Page, Esq. ) jan 22--ply
BBOCKVILLE AND WASHINGTON TURN-
S PIKE ROAD COMPANY Y.-A general meeting
of the Stockholders in this Company will be held, at 12 o'clock
M., on Monday, the 27th instanti to hold an election for a Pre-
sident, eight Managers, and a Treasurer, for the ensuing year.
The meeting will be held at the Firemen's Insurance Office,
on Pennsylvania avenue. GEORGE SWEENY,
may 20-eo4t Treasurer.
T O CONTRACTORS FOR EXCAVATION
AND MASONRY.-Proposals will be received on
the 13th and 14.h proximo, at the Office of the Philadelphia
and Reading Railroad Company, in Philadelphia, for the road-
way formation and masonry of about six miles aqd a half of the
Philadelphia and Reading railroad, between the Falls of Schuyl-
kill and the termination of the railroad on the Delaware river.
On this portion of the railroad is-eomprised a tunnel under the
Norristown railroad, and a very heavy lot of walling and em-
bankment at the company's landings, on the Delaware.
Plans and specifications of the work to be let will be in readi-
ness for exhibition on and after the 10th proximo, at the Rising
Sun Tavern, on the Germantown road, and all further informa-
tion in relation to the work which may be desired, will be giv-
en on application at the same place to Charles C. Stewart, As-
sistant Engineer.
s*MONCURE ROBINSON, C. E.
Philadelphia.
N. B. Contractors not personally known to the Engineers
will be expected to hand in 'with their proposals certificates
as to character and competency.
nmay 20-tl4th June
OI()CKVILLE MALIE ACADEMY.--The recent
S careful examination of the pupts of this Institution ex-
hibited the most satisfactory evidence of their accurate and
thorough acquaintance, according to the respective progress of
each, with the classics, mathematics, and all other branches of
study, and reflected the highest credit on the teachers, (Messrs.
Neely, Nourse, and Braddock,) for ability, fidelity, and suc-
cess. The Trustees can confidently recommend this Academy
to the liberal patronage of the Public for its healthy location,
reasonable terms of boarding and tuition, and for the certainty
of sound and accurate instruction in a full course of liberal ed-
ucation. Strict vigilance is exercised over the morals of the
pupils.
Boarding can be had with the Principal, and other genteel
families, (every thing found,) for $100; tuition in the Classics,
Mathematics, &c. not exceeding $25; anl all English branches
not exceeding $10 to $14 per annum. The business of the In-
stitution will be resumed on the 8th inst.
REFERENCES: Col. M. Nourse and Dr. P. Bradley, Wash-
ington; Win. Lird, Esq. Georgetown; Hon. Geo. C. Wash-
ington, Dr. Stephen N. C. White, Montgomery; Alfred Belt,
Esq. Loudoun, Va.; Mr. Alexander Robinson, Jefferson, Va.
THOSE. P. W. VINSON,
SAMUEL C. VEIRS,
JOHN MINES,


ap 2-d3t&c2a2w&mifwtf


Committee.


IVE VALUABLE FARMS FOR ALE.-
All of which are well watered and heavily timbered.
This property lies near the Beltsville Depot, on the Baltimore
and Washington Raihoad, and on the line of the proposed ex-
tension of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal to Baltimore. It is
situated in a pleasant and extremely healthy neighborhood,
but 13 miles from Washington, and within 1j hour's rde to
Baltimore.
No. 1. East Friendship-about 250 acres, of which 80to 100
are heavily timbered, and 20 to 30 are menadlow land, only a
part of which is cleared.
No. 2. West Friendship, with a portion of Snowden's Park
attached-in all about 275 acres, of which from 20 to 30 acres
are in meadow, set in timothy ; dwelling and all necessary out-
houses on the promises; the woodland heavily timbered. -
No. 3. Peters's Point and a part of Scott's Good Luck-about
400 acres; of.which about 100 acres are heavily timbered, and
10 acres are in timothy meadow.
No. 4. Peters's Plains and meadows-containing 150 acres,
and including the old stand at Vansville, recently occupied as a
public house, having good meadow, with dwelling, ice-house,
and other buildings; to which will be added, if desired by the
,purchaser, the field and a part of the heavy timber lying east
of the premises, making in all about 300 acres.
No. 5. Walnut Grange and the family mansion-containing
about 600 acres; of which about 100 acres are in wood, and 40 or
50 acres good meadow land. Upon this'tractis a verylarge brick
house, and numeioiis out-houses, and about 600 of the most se-
lect fruit trees. This last will not be sold until the others are
disposed of. Purchasers are requested to call and examine for
themselves.
The above is offered at private sale until the 10th of June;
at which time, if not previously sold, it will be offered at public
sale, at Beltsville, if the day is fair, if.not, the next fair day,
commencing at 11 A. M.
Persons wishing to purchase will please call upon the sub-
scriber, at Walnut Grange, or upon the tenants, who will show
them the premises.
The terms of sale will be made easy to purchasers giving ap-
proved security. A. HERBERT,
Agent for the proprietor, John C. Herbert, Esq.
may 13-eotlstJune
SAND FOR SALE.--The subscriber will sell at pri-
v.ate sale, on very moderate terms, a farm lying on the
Patuxent river, called Part of Resurrection Manor, contain-
ing 262 acres, more or less. This land has all the advantages
of a water location. It bounds on two fine creeks, whichabound
with the finest oysters, fish, crabs, &c.
The improvements on the said land are good, and there is an
excellent orchard thereon.
Any further description is deemed unnecessary, as it is pre-
sumed that persons wishing to purchase will view the premises
ap 16-wcptlstAug IGNATIUS PEAKE.
REENVILLE FOR SALE.-This farm of 870
acres, situated on Kettle run, in Prince William co. (Va.)
6 miles below Buckland, a village on the Alexandria turnpike,
and 6 miles above Brentsville, the county seat, is of rolling land,
a light, friable soil, chiefly of a brownish color, composed of
slate, sand, and clay, well proportioned for productiveness, and
very improvable by only ordinary means. In the midst of a
most healthy region, and an intelligentand agreeable community,
under a good enclosure, well timbered, and in every part well
watered, having two large and comfortable framed dwellings,
with necessary out buildings, (to suit two families if desired.)
with orchards of choice fruit, and meadows, convenient to each.
These, and other considerations not necessary to be enumerated
now, except that of the very low price asked for the farm, afford
an opportLnity to any wishing to purchase, of getting a valuable
residence and at a very cheap rate. The subscriber will be glad
to show the premises to any wishing to take a view, and give
further particulars.
mar 30-w8t JAMES B. EWELL.
P. S. This Farm will admitof a good and proportionate divi-
sion of improved land, wood, and water to each dwelling, and
will be divided to suit purchasers. may 9
PUBLIC SALE OF VALUABLE IRON
S WORKS PROPERTY.-The subscriber will offer
at public sale, on the 1st day of July next, unless previously
disposed.of at private sale, his valuable Iron Works, known as
Union Forge.
Union Forge is on Stony Creek, Shenandoah county, Va.
one mile and a half from the Valley Turnpike, two miles and a
half from the Shenandoah river, which is navigable; five miles
and a half from Woodstock, and in the neighborhood of four fur-
naces, the nearest fotu, and the furthest fourteen miles off.
It has four fires and two hammers, is driven by a powerful
and permanent stream of water, is capable of making 250 tons
of bar iron, and, with the addition of more fires, for which there
sample room and power, of making upwards of 500 tons of
blooms per annum. There are attached to this property about
1400 acres of land, part of which consists of afarm in a high state
ofcultivation.
The improvements are very extensive and permanent, con-
sisting in part of a large and well-built dwelling, coal house,
stone stabling for 30 horses, dwellings for hands, orchards, gar-
dens, &c. &c. It is deemed unnecessary to give a more par-
ticular description, as it is very well known, and persons desir-
ous of purchasing will no doubt examine for themselves.
Terms made known on application to the subscriber.
ROBERT M. DENNISON,
ap 9-wts Stony Creek, Shenandoah county, Va.
I W k T OrTARS REWARD.-Ran away from the


I, u Is --- u~ e-41~Lrl--LI -- ---hs I ~ha I~- ~Be 1L


II CLI-- -r LI '~ __









NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE.


CENTRAL AMERICA.

We have been much interested in the perusal
of a book which has just fallen into our hands,
entitled Narrative of a Journey to Guatemala,
in Central America, in 1838, by G. W. MONT-
GOMERY."
The author of this Narrative visited Guatema-
la on business of the Government of the United
States, and travelled, besides this protection and
recommendation, with the advantage of a know-
ledge of the Spanish language, which enabled
him to avail himself of all the sources ofinfor-
mation which he had opportunity of access to
in the course of his journey. Beginning with
his first landing in the Bay of Campeachy, we
accompanied him over the. mountains, and
through his narrative, with gratified curiosity.
Not having room for larger extracts, we yet sup-
pose that we shall do a kindness to our readers
by extracting from this book, for their informa-
tion, the following general sketch of Central
America, and its chief physical peculiarities.

The territory called Central America extends from the
eighth to the eighteenth degree of north latitude, and is
bounded on the north by.Mexico and the bay of Hondu-
ras; on the east by the Caribbean Sea and Veragua; and
on the west and south by the Pacific ocean; it may be
considered as a great isthmus, separating the Atlantic from
the Pacific, and connecting the two grand divisions of
Spanish America. This isthmus presents a c6ast-line of
nearly a thousand miles on either side. Its breadth from
sea to sea in no place exceeds four hundred miles, and at
the narrowest point is scarcely one hundred.
The situation of this country is peculiarly favorable for
commercial intercourse with every other part of the
world. On the southwestern side its shores are washed
by the Pacific; and the whole of the northern border lies
open to the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico. Both the
Pacific and Atlantic coasts are indented with numerous
bays and harbors, of which the principal is the bay of
Honduras, in the latter sea, comprising the ports of Trux-
illo, Izabal, and Omoa, and communicating with the inte-
rior by means of a river which leads up to the lake called
Golfo dulce, already described. In the same bay is situated
the port of St, Thomas, of which mention has also been
made in another part of this narrative. On the Pacific
shore is the bay of Conchagua, and the ports of la Union,
Realejo, Sonsonate, and Istapa, of which the latter is the
nearest to Guatemala, buit is only a roadstead, and by no
means safe, owing to the heavy swell constantly rolling in
from the ocean.
The most considerable of the Central American islands
are Bonaca and Ruatan, in the bay of Honduras; the ar-
chipeago of Chiriqui, in the Caribbean sea; and the isl-
ands in the bay of Conchagua, in the south.
The principal rivers are the Usumasinta, which falls
into the bay of Campeachy; the Polochie, which dis-
charges itself into the Golfo dulce; the Balize, the Hondo,
and the Motagua, also called the Gualan, which flow into
the bay of Honduras; the Pasa, Lempa, and Esclavos,
which contribute to the Pacific. These rivers are navi-
gable for many miles into the interior. There are others
of less note, which are not navigable. The country also
abounds in warm and medicinal springs.
The lakes most deserving of notice are those called Gol-
fo dulce, or Great Fresh Water Lake of Izabal, and Ama-
titan, which have been mentioned before, and especially
the great lake of Nicaragua, which is connected with that
of Leon.
The lake of Nicaragua is situated in the province of
that name, at a distance of about a hundred miles from the
Atlantic ocean, with which it communicates by the river
St. Juan. This river is now considered the most advan-
tageous and most practicable point for establishing a con-
nexion between the two oceans. It is believed to he navi-
gable for vessels of three or four feet draught from its port to
the lake, and for vessels of twice that depth as far as the
point where the falls commence, which are the great diffi-
culty to be surmounted. The surface of the lake, accord-
ing to the statement of a Spanish engineer who executed a
survey in 1781, is forty-six feet above the level of the Pa-
cific; its depth, about fifteen fathoms. The distance from
that sea to the southwestern extremity of the lake of Leon,
which communicates, as before stated, with that of Nicara-
gua, is, by the report of the said engineer, fifteen geo-
graphical miles, and the intervening land is said to be suf-
ficiently level to admit of the opening of a canal that
should unite those lakes with the Pacific.
Should the grand work of uniting the waters of the two
oceans be undertaken and accomplished, a revolution
would be caused in the commercial world, attended with
results in the highest degree beneficial to the inhabitants
of both*hemispheres. This part of the continent would
become the great thoroughfare of nations; and Central
America would at once rise to an importance, both com-
mercial and political, which otherwise she never can attain.
Proposals for opening this communication were made by
a company of English merchants in 1824. The following
year, similar proposals were made by some merchants of
the United State's. But in neither case does it appear
that any specific attention was given to the subject by the
Government of the country. Subsequently, a proposition


to the same effect was made by the Dutch, which was ad-
mitted, and the King of the Netherlands was to be stock-
holder to the amount of one-half of the capital that might
be invested. But, from whatever cause, this plan also fell
through, and matters remain in the same state as before.
It seems singular that a subject so peculiarly interesting
to the United States should not have attracted more atten-
tion in our country. The enterprise, however; could only
be successfully undertaken under the auspices of the Gov-
ernment, and with the sanction of Congress. Were the
subject properly recommended to the consideration of the
National Legislature, its importance could hardly fail of
being perceived and- duly appreciated; and the result.
whatever it might be, could not but reflect credit on the
Administration. There is also reason to believe that any
steps that our diplomatic agent in Guatemala might be in-
structed to take towards a negotiation with the Central
American Government on this subject would be met by
that Government wi.h alacrity. There exists on the part
of the people and authorities of that country a decided.
predilection for Americans, and for every thing that is
American. They imitate the institutions, the laws, the
policy of the United States, and look up to this country as
their great political model. They at one time solicited to
be admitted into the Union as a new State in our Repub-
lic. While France and England are trying in vain to ef-
fect a treaty with their Government, the United States
have renewed, or are on the point of renewing, one that was
concluded several years since. Thus, every thing seems to
faver and facilitate the accomplishment of an enterprise,
which, besides enhancing in no slight degree the national
glory of the United States, would be productive of the
greatest commercial advantages to its citizens.
That some difficulties exist towards realizing this ob-
ject, cannot be denied. One is the disturbed state of Cen-
tral.America at the present moment, and the civil commo-
tions to which it is subject at all times. Another would
be to obtain a grant of land on each side of the river St.
Juan, with the sovereignty of the country ceded, without
which a sufficient security would not be afforded to the
persons and properties of our citizens who might establish
themselves there. But these difficulties are not insurmount-
able; and even should they prove so, the attempt to remove
them would be itself a glory, and the want of success an
honorable failure.
But returning to the subject of this chapter: the face
of the country is generally mountainous. It presents, as I
have heretofore observed, a succession of sierras, or moun-
tains, with intervening valleys, except in the neighbor-
n.--.1 -iV 1- .h ar .t 1f.b- --. -


shady groves. The same variety is remarkable in the cli-
mate, as will be shown anon, and in the vegetable produc-
tions of the country.
That elevated range forming the spine of the whole
continent, styled in South America the Andes, and in the
United States the Rocky Mountains, may be traced in its
regular continuance through Central America, though at
a less elevation, dividing this country into two grand sec-
tions ; the waters on the north of the ridge falling into
the Atlantic, and on the south flowing into the Pacific.*
This great range approaches to the Atlantic, and recedes
from the Pacific, in Central America, in a greater degree
than in any other part of the American continent, and is
more abrupt in its slope towards the former ocean, than
towards the latter. It traverses the western part of the
State of Guatemala, and constitutes that region called
los Altos, or highlands, of Totonicapan and Q.uesaltenan-
go. It is interrupted in its course by two transversal val-
leys, in one of which is situated the lake of Nicaragua;
in the other are the plains of Comayagua, Nearly the
whole coast of the Pacific is bordered by an alluvial
plain, varying in breadth; and the line where this plain
joins the base of the range is crowned by a succession of
volcanoes. Of these, the most'remarkable are Amatitan,
Isalco, Cosiguina, and another called the water volcano,
from the circumstance of its emitting torrents of water
instead of file. The latter is said to be the loftiest of
the volcanoes, its summit being 13,000 feet above the level
of the sea. There are a vast number of other sof less note.
They are supposed to be the great causes of the earth-
quakes in Central America; yet the country in their vi-
cinity is more thickly inhabited than elsewhere. Omote-
peque is the only inhabited island in the lake of Nicaragua,
and is at the same time the only one in the lake in which a
volcano is found.
One of the great advantages of this country is that of
enjoying a climate peculiar to itself; a mild, temperate,
and delicious climate, which has none of the varieties of
the seasons; for although the tropical heats are experi-
enced in the low lands along the coast, in the rest of the
country a perpetual spring prevails, and the earth is
clothed with a rich and never-failing verdure. The cause
of this temperature is the great elevation of this part of the
American continent, which is some five thousand feet
above the level of the sea, while the summits of some of
the mountains rise to twelve or fourteen thousand feet
above that level. In the interior the variation of the
thermometer of Fahrenheit is not more than 15Q in the
course of the year, the mercury seldom rising above 75'
or falling below 60. .The difference between the tempe-
rature of the coasts and that of the altos, or highlands, is
much greater, and comprises, under the same degree of
latitude, the extremes ofheat and cold. The climate is also
very healthy, except in the immediate vicinity of the coasts
and on the banks of the great rivers, where fevers and
other diseases are prevalent.
The seasons are divided into the dry and the rainy:
the first, which is called summer, lasts from January to
June, and the other, which is .winter, comprises the re-
maining six months of the year. Nothing can be more
regular than the commencement of the rains at the period
presented by Nature, and their cessation after they have
lasted their appointed time. It is also a singular fact, that
the rain scarcely ever falls in the morning, but almost
always about two hours after the sun has passed the me-
ridian. As the.country is every where, provided with nu-
merous springs and rivers, the continuation of dry weather
for nearly six months is not attended with any great in-
convenience. In one respect it is highly advantageous, as
it is not only favorable, but indispensable, to the produc-
tion of cochineal, one of the great staple commodities of the
country.
The soil in Central America is for the most part ex-
ceedingly fertile. In the plains, and especially in the
valleys, it is'a dark. rich mould of alluvial formation,
which might serve as manure for lands in other parts of
the world, and is in some places six feet deep. The over-
flowings of some of the rivers, and the numerous springs
by which the country is watered, give to the land a green
and fresh appearance, even in the dry season. To this
fertility of soil, and to the graduation of temperature-the nat-
ural consequence of an advantageous scale of altitudes-
may be attributed the variety and abundance of the vegeta-
ble productions of Central America, which embrace Learly
all those of Europe and the West Indies, besides som that
are peculiar to the country. Of these the most valuable
are indigo, cochineal, tobacco, cocoa, mahogany, logwood,
vanilla, cotton, and sassafras, which are thegreat staples of
the country, and the chief articles of exportation. Indian
corn, sugar, and coffee, are also produced in considerable
quantity, and a variety of dye woods, as also gums, spices,
and balsams, especially the balsam of Tolu,-so much es-
teemed.
Of dye woods, the following, next to logwood, are the
most valuable: the St. Juan and the-Poro, which yield a
beautiful yellow, and particularly the Annona reticulata,
the peculiarity of which is that its wood, though perfectly
white, changes color on being cut or slit, and turns to a
clear, brilliant red, that is easily extracted, and is quite
durable.
The gums most in esteem are copal, arabic, quitini, gua-
pinol, (an excellent perfume,) incense, chiracca, and the
gum of the chestnut tree. An oily substance is also ex-
tracted from the fruit of this tree, from which candles are
made, as fine as those of white wax, and burning with a
clear, steady light, without giving out much carbon.
Besides the mahogany tree, there are others which are
remarkable for their size and beauty, or for their peculiar
fitness for cabinet-work ; as cedars of gigantic dimensions,
the Ceyba, or silk-cotton tree, the Palma real, or wild cab-
bage tree, the wild tamarind, and the cocoa-nut tree. Also
the lignumvitse, the oak, the quachepelin, a very strong
wood suitable for stakes to build on, as not rotting in the
ground, the quiebrahacha, which is also remarkable for
its durability and hardness, and the comenegro, or iron
tree, so highly esteemed in the East Indies and in other
countries.

OLD FATHER MORRIS.


The manner in which this aged New England clergy-
man illustrated some topics, is shown in the following ex-
tract from an article in the Lady's Book, written by Mrs.
H. B. STOWE :
Sometimes he would give the narration an exceedingly
practical turn, as one example will illustrate.
He had noticed a falling off in his little circle, which met
together for social prayer, and took occasion the first time he
re-collected a tolerable audience to tell concerning the Con-
ference meeting which the disciples attended,' after the resur-
rection.
"'But Thomas was not with them,' said the old man in a
sorrowful voice. Why, what could keep Thomas away ?' 'Per-
haps,' said he, glancing at some of the backward auditors,
' Thomas had got cold hearted, and was afraid they would ask
him to make the first prayer; or perhaps,' said he, looking at
some of the farmers, Thomas was afraid the roads were bad;
or perhaps,' he added after-a pause, Thcmas had got proud,
and thought he could not come in his old clothes.' Thus he went
on; and, significantly summing up, with gieat simplicity and
emotion, he added, 'but only think what Thomas lost, for in the
middle of the meeting the Lord Jesus came and stood among
them How sorry Thomas must have been !' This representa-
tion served to fill the vacant seats for sometime to come.
Father Morris sometimes used his illustrative talent to a very
good purpose, in the way of rebuke. He had on his faim a fine
orchai d of peaches, from which some of the ten and twelve year
old gentlemen helped themselves more liberally than the old
man thought expedient.
Accordingly, he took occasion to introduce into his Fermon
one Sunday, in his little parish, an account ofa journey he once
took, and-how he saw a fine orchard of peaches that made his
mouth water to look at them.
"'So,' says he, 'I came up to the fence, and looked all
around, for I would not have touched one of them without leave
f-r all the world. At last I spied a man, and says I,
"' Mister, won't you give me some of your peaches?'
So the man came, and gave me nig'i a handful. And while I
stood there eating, I said,
S'Mister, how do you manage to keep your peaches?'
SKeep them ?' he said, and he stared at me.
What do you mean'
'Yes,' said I, 'don't the boys steal them ?'
'B ys steal them ?' said he, no indeed !'
Why, sir,' said I, 'I have a whole lot full of peaches, and
Cannot get half of them,' (here the old man's voice grew trem-
ulous,) because the boys in my parish steal them so.'
"' Why, sir,' said he, don't their parents teach them not to
steal?'
." And I grew all over in a cold sweat, and told him I was
afraid they didn't.
"'Why, how you talk !' says the man ; 'tell me where you
live.'
'Then,' said Father Morris, (the tears running over,) I was
obliged to tell him I-lived in the town of G.'
After this Father Morria kent his npac.hsp '


LEGISLATIVE BORING.


The article which follows gives some account
of a practice which we have heard of as prevail-
ing at the Seats of Government of some of the
States, but which has not, as far as we know,
ever been systematically practised at the Seat of
the General Government :
FROM THE PHILADELPHIA PUBLIC LEDGER.
BoRING.-Some weeks since we ventured to break ground
against the abuses which have for years prevailed at Har-
risburg, and exposed fearlessly and faithfully the charac-
ter of those influences which are covered by the popular
title of boring. We rejoice that our counsel did not fall by
the way-side. The views urged by us in three consecu-
tive articles have been ably seconded and enforced by se-
veral of our contemporaries. To the independent and pat-
riotic prints referred to, are due our thanks and the thanks
of the Public at large. The subject is one of unappreciat-
ed and almost inappreciable importance. To the abuse of
boring, we owe the vast mass of pecuniary legislation which
has within the last few years been cast upon our statute
books ; and, while boring continues, our Legislature will
continue-no matter what party be in power-to multiply
exclusive privileges, and add to the variety of incorpora-
tions which already load the community. While boating
continues, laws will be passed, not for the public good, but
to enrich borers, and power given, not to benefit the Peo-
ple, but to dignify and aggrandize these courtiers of the
Legislature. Let us add that, while boring continues, the
power of legislation-emphatically the sovereign power-
will cease to vest in the People, and will reside in those
who gather at Harrisburg, and who there, by their Circean
art, turn the representatives of the People, like the follow-
ers of Ulysses, into a herd of uncleanly animals, led tame-
ly to and fro, and grunting an assent or a negative at
bidding.
.When we originally directed public attention to this
subject, we made, as we now make, a distinction between
those who, in good faith and from honorable motives, wait
openly upon the Legislature in the explanation of business,
and those whose profession is to bo:e, and beg, and buy the
support of members for various projects of selfish emolu-
ment. There is the same difference between the two class-
es that there is between the fair dealer and the pirate, or
between virtue and prostitution; for we can imagine no
prostitution more debasing and abject than the sale of a
man's faculties and influence to the indiscriminate use of
every knave that may be able to pay for them, however vile
the purpose to which they are to be employed.
As boring has been refined into a profession, it may be
well to give an unsuspecting Public some account of the
character, classes, and habits of its professors. The read-
er must not imagine that borers are nothing more than ?n
indiscriminate crowd of importunate legislative mendicants.
The art has been improved to such a degree that there are
various species of borers, all of whom have their appropii-
ate sphere and subjects. The skilful tactician employs one
or more of each kind, so that all the various depths of le-
gislative management are fathomed, and every accessible
point of corruption reached and operated upon.
One class of borers is the sly. borer. The instant he
reaches Harrisburg he takes a remote room, and affects se-
clusion. He moves in mystery. Darkness is his pavilion.
He speaks in hints and innuendos, taking good care, how-
ever, to mention his immense influence over governors, and
secretaries, and senators, and his power to control and di-
rect the entire machinery of Government. He dodges about
from room to room, skulks from passage to passage, and is
understood to be wonderfully shrewd and efficient. His
mode of boring is to boast and promise. His boasts are
soon discovered to be mud, and his promises burst in
treachery; but, nothing dismayed, he invents new lies,
and by dauntless shamelessness, indefatigable industry, and
a low, sinister trickery, which is dignified by the name of
cunning, he again finds fools who believe, and who, prom-
ise-crammed," agree again to be used by him. After all,
he effects but little, but he persuades his employers that he
has been omnipotent, and saves his credit. Such men, re-
tailers of small secrets, heroes in little stratagems, and
agents in paltry treacheries, may be seen skulking about
the rooms in Harrisburg every season, chaffering for votes,
and boasting in their windy nothingness of more cunning
than Mercury, and more power.than Jupiter.
Another species is constituted by the political borer. He
is generally a roaring ward leader, and is employed to buy
up or frighten off members to whom his political support is
important in securing a re-nomination. He wanders from
tavern to tavern, and discourses with vehement earnestness
on the political revolutions of his ward to every man he
meets. -Your political boier is characterized by torrent-
streams of tobacco pouring down the furrowed channels of
either side of his chin, and moreover by a close and abste-
mious adherence to vegetable diet: to wit, mint juleps.
The sporting borer is a bird of the night. As he sits up
late, engaged in the performance of the virtuous duties of
his high calling, he is unable to rise to breakfast. The
professors of this branch of the art drift into the breakfast
room about half past nine o'clock, with red-eyes and swol-
len faces, and are unable to ascend the Capitolian Hill
until they are aided by the arm of a spirited gentleman,
highly esteemed in those circles-we refer to Lewis Cog-
nac, Esquire. The sporting borer passes laws at the gam-
ing table. His favorite game is what is elegantly called
poke. There be, it is said, sundry patriotic members who
are fond of this game ; and though they play it incessantly,
and, it is said, unskilfully, yet they always win. It is
strange; we do not pretend to account for it.
There is yet another class worthy of-all commemora-
tion-we mean the alimentive borers. It is their peculiar
duty to pass laws-through the alimentary canal. There
are certain members, the business of whose life is to be
fed-it is the business of the borer to feed them. Nor is
his duty confined merely to relieving the hungry. Some
of these same members drink--of course very temperately.
At ten or eleven o'clock it is the duty of the alimentive
borer to take such members down to relieve and reward
their wearied virtue with oysters and brandy. The duty
thus commenced must be persisted in throughout the day.
He must be continually drinking with thirsty members--
carefully observing in all cag es to pay the bill. At night
the alimentive borer forms his pensionary feeders into a


band and marches them to an oyster cellar, or collects them
in his room, where champagne and oysters close the du-
ties of a well-spent day.
There are other divisions which mark the various cha-
racters of the profession. There, for instance, is the sa-
laried borer, who attends year after year to watch the in-
terests of a bridge company, or some other company, which
bears opposition, for it knows that it deserves it. There,
too, is the corporation borer, the president of a coal com.-
pany, a navigation company, or a railroad company, cla-
morous for more privileges-more privileges-more privim-
leges! The mere bills of these corporations at Harris-
burg would support five hundred poor. There, too, is the
office-hunting borer, who urges a law creating an office for
his especial behoof. Thousands of individuals have thus
pensioned themselves off on loan, insurance, and savings
companies, &c. There, also, is the Swiss borer-a worthy
wretch-half mendicant, half prostitute-who begs em-
ployment of all who have. projects at Harrisburg, and is
thankful for a trifle from any or all of them.
It must not be presumed that these men, degraded as are
their pursuits, are in social position or general character
unworthy of respect. Far from it. General tolerance has
made the practices described so familiar that they have lost
their hideousness, and men who ought to be honest and re-
spectable are content to act as borers. Men of high polit-
ical, pecuniary, and social trusts are seen engaged in un-
wearied efforts to influence, rather than inform, the Legis-
lature, and much has undoubtedly been done which those
concerned would blush to see made public. The profits
have been immense, hired borers have made fortunes in a
few sessions; and this profession, the most degraded which
can engage the intellect of man, has proved among the
most gainful.
We are rejoiced that we have succeeded in exciting pub-
lic attention to these abuses; and hope that hereafter no
respectable citizen will, by his example, encourage a prac-
tice so corrupt and dangerous. Let public condemnation
mark those who pursue it. Let the virtuous members of
the Legislature, and we know that there are many, very
many, pure and high-minded men in our assembly, frown
down the practice-for they can do it. And, finally, let
the People inquire into the conduct of their representa-
tives, and remember, for condemnation on the election-
ground, all who have by their countenance and support
encouraged the corrupt acts of the borers.

iLTOTII-CE IG HE +REBY GIVEN that the snhcrihber.


PENNSYLVANIA LEGISLATURE.

LETTER FROM THE COMMITTEE TO MR. STEVENS.
HARRISBURG, SATURDAY MORNING, MAY 11, 1839.
SIR: The committee appointed by the House of Repre-
sentatives to inquire whether Thaddeus Stevens, a mem-
ber elect from the county of Adams, has not forfeited his
right to a seat in the House," will meet for that purpose in
the East Committee room of the House, on Monday next,
at 4 o'clock P. M. or at an earlier period, if you desire it,
where you may attend and be heard.
CHARLES M. HEGINS, Chairman.
THADDEUS STEVENS, Esq.

MR. STEVENS'S REPLY.
HARRISBURG, MAY 13, 1839.
SIR : I received your letter of the 11th instant, inform-
ing me that thL committee appointed by the House of Re-
presentatives to inquire whether Thaddeus Stevens, a
member elect from the county of Adams, has not forfeited
his right to a seat in the House," will meet on Monday
next, when I might attend and be heard.
I decline to appear before the committee, because I will
not consent to a palpable violation of the Constitutioh and
laws. If, as on recent occasions, I am- compelled by force
to witness such scenes, I can at least withhold from them
my sanction, both express and implied.
The resolution admits the legality of my election and
return, but proposes to inquire whether have not forfeit-
ed my seat before my admission into the House. The
grounds of such forfeiture are not specified in the resolu-
tion, and I can only infer them from the remarks of the
original mover of the resolution, T. B. M'ELWEE. As
set forth by him, they consist in non-user, misuser, con-
tempt of the House by calling it an illegal body-the off-
spring of a mob; and for sundry personal improprieties.
No constitutional disqualification was or is alleged, and for
none other can the House, without an illegal exercise of
arbitrary power: prevent a member elect from taking his
seat. Expulsion for good cause, after admission, stands
on different grounds, and is' authorized by the Consti-
tution.
I think it will trouble the committee to find a precedent
of the declared forfeiture for non-user of an elective repre-
sentative office. For two whole sessions, the minority in
the British Parliament absented themselves from the
House. Yet, neither the King, the Speaker, nor the ma-
jority dared to exercise the high-handed tyranny now at-
tempted by what is called the House of Representatives of
Pennsylvania.
That certain public executive or ministerial offices may
be forfeited for non-user in England, where no written pa-
ramount Constitution exists, is true. The business of se-
veral departments of Government could not otherwise be
transacted. But it must be a continuing non-user. It
would be too late to declare the forfeiture after the. officer
had taken possession of his office, and was ready to dis-
charge its duties. The forfeiture is a remedy against pub-
lic inconvenience, and not a punishment upon an offender.
But in constitutional Governments no such forfeiture takes
place, except for the causes and in the mode pointed out
in the Constitution itself.
In the present case, the majority did not seem to consi-
der the public business as suffering by my absence, nor
claim a right, unknown to the Constitution, to forfeit my
seat; else they would have declared it vacant before the
adjournment, and given my constituents a new election
during the vocation, so that they might be represented in
the present session. No intimation of a vacancy, no step
to supply it, was taken, until I appeared to take the oath and
use the office. The House, therefore, seems rather anxious
to create than to supply a vacancy.
I need hardly notice the allegation of the mis-user of an
office which I have been prevented from using at all.
The right to exclude a member elect for speaking or
writing contemptuously of the House or its proceedings is
a novel and dangerous position. Until a member elect has
taken the requisite oaths, he can no more participate in the
proceedings of the House, nor is he any more subject toils
jurisdiction, than a private citizen. Individuals may be
punished by the House for corrupt attempts upon its integ-
rity, by attempting to bribe its members, or for disturbing
and interrupting its proceedings, as in the case of the De-
cember mob, but not for any written or printed comments
on its proceedings, however severe. The sixth section of
the ninth article (the Declaration of Rights) of the Consti-
tution declares that the printing press shall be free to
every person who undertakes to examine the proceedings of
ie legislature or any branch of Government, and no law
shall ever be made to restrain the right thereof." Any
thing which I may have published,therefore, is not subject
to your supervision, if the Constitution be yet considered
as existing.
If I were an admitted member, and should demean my-
self indecorously and disorderly towards that body, the
House has the power of expulsion. And if calling it an
"-illegally organized body--the offspring of a mob," as was
contended in debate, be sufficient cause for expulsion, I
think I may safely promise to furnish an excuse for that
act soon after my admission. I do consider the Hopkins
House" a usurping" body ; but, like all other usurpers
having possession of the Government, de faclo, its acts will
be binding, for good or evil, on the State. Hence my con-
stituents have thought proper to ask me to take my seat,
and attempt to moderate an evil which is now without
remedy.
If the committee should occupy the ground pointed out
by the mover of the resolution, and sit in judgment upon
the decency and morality of my conduct, I must still fur-
ther object to the tribunal. 1 mean no disrespect to the
committee, for a majority of them I feel a high regard; but
the whole question on their report will be again in the pow-
er'of the majority of the House, and I cannot agree to ad-
mit the intellectual, moral, or habitual competency of Thos.
B. McElwee, his compeers, coadjutors, and followers, to
decide a question of decency and morals.


For myself personally I feel no anxiety for the result of
this inquiry, or the reasons which may be given for it, and
to put which upon the journal I presume was the chief ob-
ject of this proceeding. My only anxiety is that- the Con-
stitution may not be further violated, and that -the People
may yet have some ground to hope that LIBERTY, although
deeply wounded, may not expire.
I owe my acknowledgments to the committee for their
prompt attention to this business, and trust it may be speed-
ily finished.
With proper respect, your obedient servant,
THADDEUS STEVENS.
CHARLES W. HEGINS, Esq. Chairman Committee, &c.

W ORTH ATTENTION.-Sale of houses and
lots, building lot', and out lots.-Fromn one
hundred to two hundred houses and lots, building lots, and
out lots, in Portsmouth, Ohio, for sale on Wednesday, 12th
day of June, 1839.
The subscribers will offer at public sale under a deed of trust
from John T. Barr, of New York, from one hundred to two hun-
dred houses and lots, building lots, and out lots in Portsmouth,
Ohio. Portsmouth is beautifully situated near the mouth of the
Scioto river, and on a high and commanding bank of the Ohio.
Here te, minutes the Ohio and Erie Canal, which, commencing
at Cleveland, passes through thirteen of the most populous
counties of Ohio. Its entire length being 366 miles, its width
forty feet, with a draught of four feet water. This brings to
Portsmouth, for transhipment, the produce of the very rich and
extensive counties through which it passes. It is the connect-
ing link between the navigation of the Mississippi and the
Northern Lakes, and the New York and Welland Canals. In
the immediate vicinity of. Portsmouth are large quarries of
freestone, for which there is a constant demand at Cincinnati
and the other points on the Ohio and Mississippi. Extensive
and valuable beds of iron ore, and great quantities of excellent
bituminous coal, are found but a few miles from the town. The
ore is so universally preferred, that there are already within a
short distance of Portsmouth, forty furnaces and forges in ope-
ration, manufacturing upwards of 37,000 tons of castings and
bar iron annually. There are in the town a forge, rolling and
slitting mill, &c., with all needful appendages constructed on
the most approved plan, which alone manufactures about 3,000
tons of bar iron, besides 6,500 kegs of nails. Alamers of the
largest class approach and depart from the town with an am-
ple depth of water; and the quay is now improved in a style
second to none on the Ohio. A company chartered by the
State, having an actual capital of a million of dollars, are engag-
ed in extensive improvements in the western part of the town,
by constructing a basin for steamers, a dry dock and other faci-
lities for mooring, repairing, and building steamboats. The
State herself has resolved upon a most important improvement
in the eastern.part of the town, by the construction of 13 miles
of lateral canal, that will afford an immense water power and
unparalleled advantages for manufacturing establishments. The
hnainRs and rnmmter.n of the ninea are ranidlv increasing un-


MISMANAGEMENT ON RAILROADS.

FROM THE (PHILADELPIIA) AMERICAN SENTINEL.
SCHUYLKILL INCLINED PLANE.
Messrs. EDITORS; I passed up the inclined plane on
Saturday, May 1lth,inadvanceof thecarsof the night train,
while they were waiting to be taken up by such power as
might chance to be put in motion for that purpose. In pass-
ing, I observed that though the rope was apparently nearly
new, there were some splicing, not the most promising in
their appearance; and some who were walking with me.
congratulated themselves that their lives were not at that
moment depending on that precarious cord. When we
had ascended about one-fourth of the distance, we came to
where a large quantity of flour (many barrels) seemed to
have been recently strewed over on both sides of the track.
A strong smell of whiskey indicated with what sort of fluid
its apparent pasty consistence had been produced. Several
square rods of ground were covered with the mixture,
which was partly concealed by the fresh earth and sand
just strewed over it to hide the evidences of the fearful con-
cussion which had wasted valuable .merchandise. All
around were scattered fragments of staves, shattered hoops,
numerous broken rollers, disjointed springs, bolts and tim-
bers of the cars. The greater part had obviously been just
cleared away. The accident of which I saw the evidence,
happened, as I afterwards learned- on Thursday last. Four
burden cars had been attached to the rope, and were de-
scending on the southern track of the plane, and were
more than half way down, when a large eight-wheeled car
was brought to the head of the plane, to be ready for the
next descent, but by some accident it was not arrested in
its progress at the right point, and consequently came upon
the pitch of the plane before those who were managing it
were aware of the danger; it consequently ran with tre-
mendous velocity on the same track with the four cars at-
tached to the rope, overtook them, dashed two or three of
them to pieces, and scattered their contents to the winds,
itself sharing the same summary destruction. It is but a
very few days since a similar accident occurred, destroying a
large amount of property. I saw, at the head of the plane,
the mangled carcass of the locomotive which was some
months since murdered, by allowing her to leap from the
high bank at the foot of the plane. The profit on the mo-
tive power must be seriously diminished by these heavy
losses.
I observed that the stationary engine, being much out of
order, was undergoing extensive repairs, and was led. to
inquire how the cars. I had left behind were to be
drawn up. It was stated that a locomotive was to be at-
tached to one side of the rope, and, by descending, haul the
cars up on the othei. The" Simon Snyder,"built by Mr.
NORRIS, soon made her appearance, was attached to the
rope, (to the no small danger, as I thought, of scorching it
by her furnace, notwithstanding the measures of precau-
tion to avoid that effect,) and proceeded down the plane,
elevating two cars on the opposite side. The next thing
was to get the engine itself up again. This was accom-
plished at the second trial, for when she had ascended to
where the flour was strewed over the rails, her adhesion
was thereby so far diminished as to cause her wheels to
spin round like tops without advancing. In fact, she soon
began to descend in spite of the efforts of the engineer, and
ran with fearful velocity, and to the imminent peril of her-
self and conductors, round the curve, and to the entrance
of the bridge, before the reversing of her engine could check
the tremendous speed acquired in her descent. All had
looked to see the long train of cars at the foot of the plane
dashed to atoms. By rare good fortune she kept the track,
and avoided this catastrophe. Sand was now strewed on
the rails; she made a new effort, and finally reached the
head of the plane, obviously, however, put to the full exer-
tion of her power Before I left the plane she had made a
second trip down and up, turning her wheels occasionally
without advancing in her ascent, but not actually running
backwards.
Now all these operations, dashing of cars to pieces, wast-
ing property for which the State must pay, endangering
the finest locomotives of the State, perilling the lives of en-
gineers and others, detaining merchandise in long trains
above and below the plane, to say nothing of the great ex-
pense of the system under the most favorable circumstances,
appear to me to call loudly for a substitute of some sort by
which the trade of the West can reach Philadelphia with-
out this detention, and the passenger be conveyed on his
route without feeling that at every visit to the city his life is
put more or less in jeopardy.
The evil demands an immediate remedy, which, if any
of your citizens or others can devise, they will signally be-
nefit the State, and confer a favor on many.
A TRAVELLER.
N. B. No blame is known to belong to those having
charge of the works for the present state of things. It ;s
due to the inherent defects of the system of inclined
planes.

THE COUNTRY BOY'S RECOLLECTION OF
SUMMER MORNINGS.

When I sprung up to dress, how light and nimble were
my limbs. O at that age one does not feel the heaviness
of the earth of which we are made. Our bodies seem only
spirit and life; they are ready to leap; to fly; to see all,
do all, enjoy all that the glad world has to present before
them; and weariness and sleep only come together, and come
then with a sweetness to which our very pleasures in after
years have no pretence. "When up I jumped, anti threw
open that little casement, what an elysium lay before me!
The sun shining, the birds singing; the so t air coming
breathing in-so balmy, so full of freshness and flowery
odors and all around, the dews glittering on the grass
and leaves; the thin mists floating up from the distant
meadows; the brook in the valley running on glistening
in the sun; the upland slopes seeming to smoke in the.
morning light; and the lowing of cattle, and the cheer-
ful voices of passing people, giving a life to the whole that
made me eager to be down, and out of doors. Every day
I rose earlier and earlier in the cheerful pure, dewy, sun-
shiny mornings, and every day discovered some new won-
der. There were green herbs shooting up under every
hedge; then there came out early flowers; violets, blue-


and white violets, all along the banks as sweet and as beau-
tiful as if they had been planted in the night by angels
from Heaven. Then came primroses-O those dear, old
fashioned, pallid, and faintly-smelling flowers! They have
been loved by every generation for a thousand years, and
shall be for a thousand more to come ; there they were
peeping out-one, two, three-on some mossy old bank, in
some deep, briery lane; there again they stood in a glow-
ing cluster! Then we saw them brightening in thousands
the steep side of an old wood; and as the meadows grew
green, out came the golden cowslips scattered all over
them; and the beautiful arnmonies, and the blue-bells, and
a hundred other flowers that are pursued with triumphant
hearts, and gathered and carried home, till, at length, the
fields were covered by the advancing year with such a mul-
titude of blossoms that their novelty was lost in their splen-.
dor, and we Left them alone.-Selected.

F 'O THE DYSPEPTIC, and persons affected
With Diseases of the Stomach and Bowels.-
The distinguished reputation which Wheeler's Balsam of
Moscatello" has acquired in the State of New York, of which
fact the proprietor, or any of his agents, can show the certifi-
cates and testimonials of persons of the greatest respectability
in private life, of public characters well known in most parts of
the Union as residents in New York, and also of persons of
distinction res ding elsewhere, such as Count D'Otranto, of
France, and Governor Conway, of Arkansas, encourages him
to urge its general use as a certain remedy for all diseases of
the digestive organs, always safe and beneficial, and never in-
jurious. He assures the Public at large that any one who
deems the Balsam of Moscatello a quack medicine, or an empi-
rical preparation, will have formed a very erroneous opinion.
The proprietor and his agents have vouchers to show that it is
a cure for
DYSP PSIA at any of its stages;
I)IARRHGEA, DYSENTERIES, and the
SUMMER COMPLAINT of children, &c.
Being entirely a vegetable preparation, it is, in addition to its
curative properties, an efficacious tonic, a pleasant wholesome
stomachic, and a restorative ofappetite. These assertions are
sustained by the certificates and reference of persons of too
high standing in society to suffer their names to be used in re-
commendation of any empirical nostrum. Such patients as
have tried othcu" medicines without any good effect, may con-
sequently be doubtful of this, but the proprietor asks such per-
sons to give it a fair trial, and then decide. They run no risk
in doing so, for it contains not one pernicious ingredient or in-
jurious qiiality as a compound.
WM. FISCHER is sole Agent in the District of Columbia for
the Proprietor.
*** As spurious imitations of the Bal-am of Moscatello have
been attempted, the Public is cautioned against purchasing any


THE SEMI WEEKLY WHIG.

The first number of the SEMI-WEEKLY edition of THE
NEW YORK WHIG is submitted to the Public. It will be regu-
larly published henceforth every Wednesday and Saturday
afternoons, on a sheet of the size of the Daily Wt ig, and half
the size of the weekly, and forwarded by the earliest mails to
its patrons. It will contain the matter of the Daily Whig ex-
rept the advertisements, and be offered at the low price of
THREE DOLLARS per annum in advance. Itis believed that this
is the cheapest semi-weekly paper in the country.
The character of THE NEW YORK WHIG-Daily and Week-
ly-is now widely known It has been published about six-
teen months, and in that brief period has acquired an extensive
circulation, and, we trust, a fairstanding among its con'empora-
ries. It aims to present, in a medium sheet, an amount of reading
matter fully equal to the average of the great dailiesofNew Yoik
and other commercial cities. Its contents will comprise Literature,
Politics, and General Intelligence, in about tqual proportions.
In the literary department, no great pretensions are made to
originality, but the best repositories of foreign and Ametican li-
terature are open to its conductors, and they endeavor to select
iherefrom a varied and interesting banquet. In general intel-
ligence, we hope to be neither behind nor inferior to our imme-
diate contemporaries. In politics, our journal will be all that its
name purports-fearlessly, zealously, and, we trust, efficiently,
WHIG. Experienced pens are enlisted in its service, and we
trust it will render good service to the country in the advocacy
of sound principles and good measures, and the fearless expo-
sure of the iniquities, corruptions, and ruinous tendencies of
Loofocoism.
Subscriptions are.respectfully solicited by
J. GREGG WILSON & CO.
.162 Nassau street.
NEW YORK, MAY 9, 1839.
PUBLIC SALE AT PHILADELPHIA.
R ARE AND VALUABLE PLANTS. J. B. SMITH' Col-
lection.-On Thursday morning, June 6, at 10 o'clock, at
the Garden of Mr. J. B. Smith, Christian street, below Eighth,
his extensive collection of rare and valuable Green and Hot-
house Plants, consisting of large Lemon and Orange trees,
Rhododendrons, Azalias, Acacias, Epacris, Banksias, Lau-
rustinus, &c. Very superior c. election of Camelia Japonica,
some of them very large and fine specimens; Hot-house plants;
seventeen varieties of Palms, very fine specimens; Pandanuses,
Cycas, Zamias, I)racoenas, Ixoras, Clinnms, Amaryllis, Astra-
peas; with a number of other rare and fine tropical plants.
M. THOMAS & SON, .
may 21-2aw3t Auctioneers.
CLARET, MADEIRA, AND PORT WINES,
BRANDIES, &c.-I have just received from New
York, and offer for sale at private sale-
20 boxes very fine Claret Wine-Chateau Margeaux,
Chalan, Lafitte, St. Julien, and other brands
20 baskets Champagne, an excellent article
12 doz. superior old Port Wine
12 doz. do Madeira, 1823 and 1825
With a good supply of Champagne and Cognac Brandies, Hol-
land Gin, &c.
.ON HAND-
6 dozen of that superior article for summer drink, the
Cherry and Raspberry Cognac
12 doz. Victoria Wine, a superior article for summer also
All the above will be sold low, and -can be warranted as re-
presented.
may 21-3t EDWARD DYER.
S ILKWORMS' EGGS.--15 ounces Mammoth White
and. Yellow Silkworms' Eggs, imported by J. Mason, Jr.
from France, just received, in fine order, for sale by
J. F. CAILLAN.
Also, Burlington Hoes, Bement's Drill-barrow
Expanding Cultivators, Corn-shellers
Cutting Boxes, Ploughs, Rakes, Garden Trowels,
And a great variety of Garden, Flower. and Field Seeds, all
for sale cheap.
Feeding Shelves and Hurdles made to order.
may 21--cpif3t
RIME FREDERICK COUNTY LAND FOR
SALE.-A beautiful farm of limestone land of the first
quality, within two miles of the city of Frederick, willbe offer-
ed at public sale, on the premises, on Tuesday, 21stday of May
next. This tract is square,- and advantageously located, ad-
-joining the farms of Dr. Wm. Wilson, on the Harper's Ferry
road, and contiguous to the farms of Casper Mantz, Baltzer
Fout, and others, in the very bosom of the most desirable lands
in this fertile valley. The City mills, Kemp's mills, the Grape
and Araby mills, are all within a short distance. There are up-
on this farm a first-rate Switzer barn, two unfailing wells of wa-
ter, with pumps so located as to give water to every field, and a
stream of water, fornine or ten months in the year, runs through
three of the fields.
The improvements, besides the Switzer barn, are two small
stone dwellings, near which is a stone quarry, which would en-
able a purchaser desiring to reside upon the farm to enlarge
them at a small expense, out-buildings, orchards of fruit, &c.
About two-thirds of the enclosure and cross-fencing are post and
iail, locust and chestnut. For the last 8 years no farm in the val-
ley is known to havesurpassed this tractin annual product. The
vicinity of the farm to the city of Frederick, the salubrity of the
climate, the fertility of the soil, and the excellent schools in the
city for the education of youth, hold out powerful inducements to
persons desiring to invest capital safely and profitably. One
hundred and seventy-five acres are arable land, judiciously
divided and well enclosed. The remaining twenty-five acres
are in wood, about two miles from the above land, timbered
principally with oak, chestnut, and hickory. The arable and
wood land will be sold either together or separately, to suit pur-
chasers. No private sale will be made, but the whole property
will be offered at public sale, to the highest bidder, on the 21st
day of May, on the premises, at 3 o'clock P. M. Should the
weather be very inclement on that day, the sale will take place
at the same hour the first fair day thereafter.
Persons desiring to view the land will call upon the tenant on
the farm, Mr. STAUB, or upon EDWARD A. LYNCH, at his office in
Frederick ; who is also authorized to sell, at private sale, the well
known farm called "The Anchorage," within the limits of the
Corporation, containing about thirty acres of prime land. The
dwelling is brick, of convenient size, with out-buildings, a dairy,
and pump ofexcellentslate water. The improvements are taste-
ful, and render this .one of the most desirable residences in the
county. Besides an orchard of select young fruit trees, there
are several thousands of the morus alba," planted some time
since, and in a very flourishing condition.
The terms for the farm of two hundred acres will be made
convenient to any purchaser. For the latter farm of thirty acres.
short payments would be preferred. Inquiries addressed to the
undersigned at Frederick, post paid, will receive prompt at-
tention.
ap 16-2aw2w&lawtscp EDW. A. LYNCH.


VALUABLE REAL ESTATE IN MONTGO-
MERY AND SAINT MARY'S COUNTIES,
AT AUCTION.-The undersigned, by virtue of a decree
of the High Court of Chancery of Maryland, in the case of
Reeder and Speed vs. Vinson and Kilgours. will offer at public
vendue, on the premises, on Saturday, the 25th of May, at
12 o'clock M., the following real estate, viz.
All the right, title, and interest of the parties to the above
cause, (the same being an undivided third part,) in and to a
tract of land called Oakland Mills, lying in Montgomery coun-
ty, on the Great Road from Baltimore to the mouth of the Mono-
cacy, being four or five miles from the Chesapeake and Ohio
Canal, containing about 12 acres of land, improved, with a large
and substantial Merchant Mill, situated in a fertile, wheat-
growing country.
Also, on Tuesday, the 28th of May, on the premises, at 12
o'clock M., the farm on which the late Hon. Charles J. Kil-
gour resided, supposed to contain 235 acres, more or less.
This farm lies within a mile of Rockville, on the. Turnpike
leading from Georgetown. Has a commodious two-story brick
dwelling-house, a large and well-improved garden, an orchard,
stone'dairy, and many other advantages.
Also, on Wednesday, the 19th day of June, at 12 o'clock M.,
on thepremises, that eligible farm lying in St. Mary's county,
immediately on the Patuxent-river, about five miles from Bene-
dict, and sixteen from Leonardtown, lately occupied by Wm.
Kilgour, Esq. deceased, adjoining the lands of Messrs. George
and Wm. Thomas, and George P. Ascaw, Esq., consisting of a
tract of land called" Town Neck," containing about 200 acres;
a part of a tract called "Satisfaction," containing about 200
acres, and a tractcalled Remainder," containing about 19 acres.
' his situation is considered remarkably healthy, possesses
all the luxuries the Patuxent can afford, and has the facilities of
steamboat communication every week with Baltimore. The
land is well adapted to wheat, corn, and tobacco, and has an
abundance of timber, oak, chestnut, and cedar. The sale will
be subject to a tenancy to expire on or about the 1st of October,
with leave to the purchaser to sow a fall crop.
Terms of sale: One-fifth of the purchase money in cash,
the residue on a credit of 12, 18, and 24 months, bearing inte-
rest from the day of sale, to be secured by bond with sureties
to be approved by the.trustees. On the ratification of the sale,
and payment of the whole purchase money, (and not before,)
the trustees will, by a good deed executed and acknowledged
agreeably to law, convey to the purchaser or purchasers, and
his or their heirs, the property to him, her, or them sold, free,
clear, and discharged from all claim of the complainants, or of
the defendants, and those claiming by, flor, or under them, or
either of them.
RICHARD J. BOWIE, trustees.
ALEX. KILGOUR,

N OTICE.-In pursuance of the above mentioned decree,
the creditors of the late Hon. Charles J. Kilgour, de-
pn nr I. u s l^ ^ nl.. .'/ ,1 --.. .1 1 r n .. 't 4 -1 1








SELECTED PARAGRAPHS.

MR. WEBSTER.

The visit of Mr. WEBSTER to the land of our
common ancestry is wholly unconnected with
any public objects or business-but one of libe-
ral curiosity alone. It will necessarily be brief,
as his duties to his own State and country as a
Senator of the United States will require his re--
turn with the new year; but it will, we cannot
doubt, be one of unalloyed gratification. In
the maturity of his mind, in the zenith of his
fame, and exercising over the hearts and under-
standings of his own countrymen a moral influ-
ence, such as station alone, however exalted,
can never impart, he goes a private individual,
to mingle with a kindred race on the other side
of the Atlantic-to speak, where they spoke it,
the language of SHAKSPEARE and of MILTON-
to realize on the. hill-tops and in the valleys of
England the thronging recollections of the
struggles for liberty, the resistance to oppres-
sion, and the assertion of man's capability and
right of self-government, which have consecra-
ted that land through all time to the lovers of
freedom, and in an especial degree to all who
derive their ancestry from it.
In view of this separation for a time, a large
number of the personal friends of Mr. WEBSTER
entertained him on Thursday last, at the Astor
House, New York; and rarely have the feelings
of admiring friendship and grateful patriotism
been more warmly and cordially expressed or
reciprocated than on this occasion. Mr. WEB-
STER himself was never happier than in the re-
marks in which, as tribute after tribute was ren-
dered to him, he repeatedly acknowledged his
obligations to his friends: and the whole enter-
tainment was one which those who shared in it
will long remember for its whole-hearted and
enthusiastic sincerity.--New York American.

HENRY CLAY.

FROM THE RALEIGH REGISTER.
Mr. CLAY is the fabricator of his own fortune.
He was born in Virginia, the son of a clergy-,
man, and, in his youth, received but a limited
education. Endowed, however, by Nature, and
stimulated by ambition, the "last infirmity of
noble-minds," he broke through the trammels of
indigence, and, emerging from obscurity, rose to
distinction and honor, at a comparatively early
period of life. Though the stores of antiquity
and the treasures of science have not been very
diligently explored by Mr. CLAY, because his
professional occupations have never allowed him
much leisure to devote to them, yet their want
is in a great degree supplied by the abundance
of his native resources. He makes up, by deep
and habitual reflection, for the absence of what
would be indispensable to ordinary minds; and
when he speaks, he pours out masses of thought,
and with a rapidity that is truly wonderful. This,
too, is done in a style and language appropri-
ate, vigorous, and flowing. Mr. CLAY always
prepares himself by meditation, and not by con-
sulting the opinions, or availing himself of the
labors of others. His arguments, images, and
views, are therefore almost always original and
striking, and peculiar to himself. No man can
listen to the volume of thought he pours out, and
behold his earnestness, and the warmth and sin-
cerity he displays, without feeling the charm and
power he exercises. There is, in his eloquence,
a simplicity and manliness, which gives it a ra-
ciness and force, that those who labor after
sparkling conceits and tinsel ornaments can ne-
ver reach. He knows what will affect and in-
fluence the human heart, without having re-
course to the unreal glitter, the meretricious
embellishments of art, that so many speakers are
ambitious to display. As he advances, his eye
beams with greater lustre, his countenance be-
comes more animated, his figure more stately,
and his action more vehement. Thought rolls
on after thought, in the most magnificent suc-
cession, and he moves from proposition to propo-
sition, until his whole subject is developed and
elucidated. Such is HENRY CLAY, as an Orator.

FROM THE BANGOR WHIG.
Personal slander was the mighty instrument
and the corrupt cause that brought the Loco-
foco party into power. The declaration that


the Administration of J. Q. ADAMS must be put
down, though as pure as the angels in Hea-
ven," was faithfully carried out, and now we
have the gratifying assurance that a better state
of things is about to appear with its noon-day
light. Thousands of the better portion of those
politicians who were captivated with the appa-
rent sincerity of the great professions of regard
for the dear people, have detected the fraud of
substituting flattery for practice, and snapped
the cords that bound them, and abandoned a
party that talks of democracy, while it practises
the worst species of aristocracy. These indi-
cations must be gratifying to every lover of his
country, and her institutions; and although the
easy confidence of the People has allowed the
triumph of corruption for a season, yet, through
affliction, they have learnt an important lesson,
and will not again be caught napping. Our
Government is a mere farce, and our political
institutions a bubble, if all power is to be con-
centrated in the hands of the chief Executive,
and he is to dispose of all the Government pa-
tronage as rewards to partisan brawlers. And
is there nothing startling in the boldness with
which this principle is seen in practice? Is it
well that those whom the People repudiate
should be -sustained by the Executive in pay
mert for past subserviency and future labors?
Are only those men to discharge important
trusts, who forget the good of country in their
anxiety to sustain the master that feeds them ?
We put these questions to the honest-hearted
People, and we ask them to ponder upon them,
and return an answer at the polls.

H HANDSOME FURNITURE AT AUCTION.-
I will sell at the residence of Dr. Ja-kson, at the Navy
Yard, on Wednesday, the 22d instant, at half past 10 o'clock
A. M. his household furniture, consisting in part of--
Elegant cut Glassware
Dinner set, Coffee set of gilt China


WASHINGTON.
Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and
inseparable."
TUESDAY, MAY 21, 1839.

We ask the attention of such of our readers
as have had their attention attracted by the late
arbitrary and unconstitutional action of the pop-
ular branch of the Legislature of PENNSYLVA-
NIA, to Mr. STEVENS'S Letter in the preceding
columns; a paper manly in its tone, and un-
answerable in its argument. All the People of
the United States ought to unite in one voice of
reprobation of the high-handed outrage which
Locofocoism in power has perpetrated in this
instance.
GEORGIA.-At a Convention of the "State
Rights' Party," assembled a few days ago, for
the purpose of nominating a candidate to be
run for the office of Governor of this State at
the ensuing election, CHARLES DOUGHERTY. re-
ceived over two-thirds of the votes of the Dele-
gates, and was accordingly nominated ts the
candidate. Upon this nomination the Georgia
Journal remarks as follows:
The high standing of Judge DOUGHERTY in
" the community, his moral worth, sound polit-
Sical principles, superior abilities, and gentle-
" manly deportment, will effectually rally the
" party to his support in the approaching con-
"test. We fear not the result."

WHIG STATE.CONVENTION IN CONNECTICUT.
The Whigs of Connecticut in State Convention
at Hartford on Wednesday last, (NoYEs BAR-
BER presiding,) elected the following gentlemen
to represent the Whigs of the State in the NA-
TIONAL CONVENTION to be holden at Harrisburg


in December next:
CHARLES DAVEIS,
WM. W". BOARDMAN,
CHAS. N. ROCKWELL,
CHARLES HANBLY,


Jos. S. GLADDING,
E. C. BACON,
EBENEZER JACKSON,
JOHN S. PETERS.


This is one member for each Senator and Rep-
resentative of the State in Congress, (and being
exactly one Member from each county .in the
State,) and a substitute has been chosen by the
Convention, should either of these gentlemen
decline serving.

Among the passengers for England in the
steam-packet Liverpool, which sailed from New
York on Saturday afternoon last, besides Mr.
Senator WEBSTER, his Lady and Daughter, were
Ex-Governor REYNOLDS, of Illinois, and his
Lady; Baron ROENNE, Minister from Prussia
to the United States; and several other officers
of foreign countries, of different civil and mili-
tary grades.

The New York Courier and Enquirer gives
us the following account of the verdict of the
Jury in the case of the UNITED STATES vs. Gov-
VERNEUR, before the Circuit Oourt of the United
States, sitting in New York :
Mr. KENDALL claimed of Mr. GOUVERNEUR more than
$100,000. Of this claim, Mr. BUTLER was compelled to
abandon about $30,000, and the jury cut down the balance
to $26,000! Under the instructions of the Court, we are
not much surprised at the result; but we must confess'that
wedo not entirely understand the process by which this
amount of indebtedness could be satisfactorily inferred
from the evidence. The jury were long and laboriously
occupied in the investigation of the accounts, and have
rendered such a verdict, doubtless, as was in their opinion
fully authorized by the facts in evidence under the law that
was applied to them. But, supposing the sum found by
the jury to be actually due, the result does not alter the
character of the prosecution, or the manner in which it has
been conducted. A verdict for one-fourth of the amount
claimed does not justify Mr. KENDALL nor the Govern-
ment for urging claims which it must have knowvn to have
no foundation in equity or in law. It does not alter the
character of the testimony that was introduced in the case,
and that exhibits a degree of imbecility, confusion, con-
tempt of Congress and the Constitution, by Gen. JACKSON
and his advisers, beyond any thing that has ever been eli-
cited by a committee of investigation, and which it w s
reserved for Mr. KENDALL to drag before a judicial i-
bunal."
FROM THE NATIONAL GAZETTE.
The Globe has decided, of course, that Mr.
STEVENS may be deprived of his seat. The New
York Evening Post, on the other hand, main-
tains that the attempt to exclude him from the
House is informal, injudicious, and singular-
ly inconsistent with democratic principles;" and
that print argues accordingly:
The power of excluding a member, if it exists at all,
is one that should be sparingly used. The highest sanc-
tion of its exercise is, at the best, mere parliamentary usage,
whilst the solemn, deliberate choice of the People is the
very essence of freedom, the source of their security, and
one of their most cherished privileges. It is a right not to
be lightly invaded. Already our representative bodies have
acquired too much power, and the stronger and more nu-
merous the fetters imposed upon their action, the better it
will be for the country."

NAVAL.-The U. S. Brig DOLPHIN, Lieut. Command-
ant A. SLIDELL MACKENZIE, arrived at New York on Thurs-
day evening from Rio Janeiro, Bahia, and last from Per-
nambuco, 26th April. Captain Mackenzie informs ihat
the blockade of Buenos Ayres, by the FRENCH, continued,
without any prospect of a speedy termination. All was
quiet at Rio, Bahia, and Pernambuco.

BALTIMORE, MAY 18.
HAMILTON BANK.-Among other evidences of the march
of improvement in this city, it may be mentioned, that the
HAMILTON BANK, a charter for which was recently obtain.
ed from the Legislature of Maryland, is very soon to be
opened in Baltimore for the transaction of banking and ex-
change operations upon an extensive scale, based upon an
actual capital of something like a million and a half of dol-
lars. The stock, it is believed, has been taken principally
on Eastern account, and if current rumor is to be credited,
it may be regarded as a branch of the Bank of the United
States. Let capital come whence it may, we bid it wel-
come, and shall rejoice to see it pouring into the "Monu-
mental City" from all quarters, and thus swell her resources,
business, and population, till Baltimore shall vie with the
largest cities of the Union. The gentlemen that we have
heard mentioned as Directors of the neq bank are JOHN
McKier, jr. PHILIP E. THOMAS, AMOS A. WILLIAMS,
JOSEPH W. PATTERSON, THOMAS WILSON of Wm., JOHN
M. GORDON, C. D. WILLIAMS.
tr .. .._


LATEST FROM FLORIDA.

CORRESPONDENCE OF THE SAVANNAH GEORGIAN.
UPPERVILLE, GAREY'S FERRY, MAY 10, 1839.
"I have not written lately, as there has been
nothing in the way of news since the arrival of
the General-in-chief. He is still at Fort King,
endeavoring to restore peace by making a verbal
agreement with the Indians to confine them-
selves to a certain portion of the Territory, pro-
mising them that they shall not be molested if
they keep within the boundary designated for
them. The Indians are so much scattered that
it must take some time to make them acquainted
with our intentions. As soon as this is done,
the war may be considered over. Five regi.
ments of foot will remain in the Territory, and
the rest leave for their proper stations."


DISTRESSING TIMES IN NEWFOUNDLAND.

Late papers from Newfoundland state that
very great distress prevails in that Island. The
following extracts present a melancholy pic-
ture of the distressed condition of the poorer
classes:
DISTRESS IN THE BAY.-On Saturday and Monday last
our streets presented a melancholy appearance. About, we
suppose, two hundred poor females came from the North
Shore, to seek relief from the Benevolent Irish Society of
this town, which Society had given fifty pounds for the
benefit of the poor, and these poor creatures had scarcely a
garment to cover theirnakedness. We have been inform-
ed by several gentlemen from Lower Island Cove that, on
their way to this town, they called on several poor families
and found them in a sad state of starvation. Some fami-
lies, they stated, had not eaten a morsel from Sunday morn-
ing until Wednesday evening, and others from Monday
until Wednesday ; and we are convinced from reports
that are hourly coming in from that quarter, that this is
not the only case in which starvation must put an end to
Their sufferings, unless relief is shortly given them.-Car-
bonear Sentinel.
The reports which continue to reach us relative to the
famine which prevails in the remote settlements bf this
Bay are of the most harrowing description. We have no
hesitation -in- saying that within a circuit of twenty
miles of Harbor Grace there are hundreds of families who
have not, within their respective dwellings, an ounce of
the common necessaries of life, and who, for weeks past,
have been subsisting upon a single meal a day, and this,
too, in many instances of the most wretched and nauseat-
ing character.-Harbor Grace Star.

COLLEGE OF NEW JERSEY.

PRINCETON, (N. J.) MAY 17.
The summer session of this institution commenced yes-
terday with a considerable increase of new students; as
numbers generally arrive during the first two or-three
weeks of the session, we are, as yet, unable to state the
amount of the new accession.
Considerable improvements are being-made in the Philo-
sophical Hall, Museum, and Library buildings, as also in
the College grounds; grading, removing the poplars, and
substituting handsome cedar, pine, and other evergreens,
are among the improvements in progress. A substantial
stone wall has been erected in front of the campus, which
is to be surmounted by a handsome ornamental iron rail-
ing, similar Jo the public squares of the cities.
These improvements, which are now rapidly progress-
ing, when completed, will add much to the appearance of
the ancient edifice and other College buildings, and aid in
rendering it one of the most pleasant, as it has always
been one of the most salu-brious and healthy locations of
the Union. We speak not of its literary standing, as that
is too well knoNn and too highly appreciated to require a
single remark from us.

COOPER's NAVAL HISTORY.-We have read the greater
p.rt of these two volumes from the pen of COOPER, which
Loa & Blanchard (Philadelphia) have just published, and
we have read them with a pride and pleasure that we have
not Ielt in reading any thing else Cooper has published of
late. Mr. Cooper has carefully collected and collated all
the facts respecting our naval history, from the earliest set-
tlement of the country almost to the present day, and he has
traced its rise and progress with an accuracy, fairness, and
good taste which entitled the work to a place in every li-
brary. There are no Cooperisms in this history; at least
we have not as yet met with any. He does not abuse or
decry the naval officers of Great Britain whom the fortune
of war put into our power; and, whenever he speaks of the
depredatory incursions of the British armed vessels upon
our coast, he speaks of them with all the decorum that some
of their outrages would permit. An Englishman cannot
complain with justice, even while Cooper has illustrated
the splendid achievements of our little Navy with all the
eloquence of his, at times, powerful pen.
The Tripolitan war, conducted under the auspices of
the gallant Commodore PREBLe, is a piece of chivalrous
romance of amazing interest. PaEBLE must have been a
most extraordinary man, or he could not have breathed in-
to the brave spirits about him a heroic coolness, and yet
prudent fury, if we may so express ourselves, the like of
which we have seldom, if ever, read of. The young men,
the embryo Commodores whom he was training in this
war with the Moors to cope afterwards with the powerful
armament of Great Britain, were formed under his eye :


and their exploits are worthy of the best days of chivalry.
They did not count their lives as any thing when the sa-
crifice was useful to their country; and PREBLE was com-
pelled to rein them in, so ripe were they for every thing
daring. What is also remarkable, they seemed to love and
adore each other, and they sacrificed themselves, the one to
save the life or the limb ofanother, with cheerfulness, and
almost with pleasure. Cuoper has described all these
scenes of romance, for so they seem to be, with liveliness
and power; and every American who reads this part of the
History will feel more proud than ever of his beloved coun-
try and heroic countrymen who, upon the ocean, first fought
the nation into notice, and opened for our commerce the
Mediterranean sea.
We are inclined to think that the Public will, upon the
whole, when they have read this work, agree that Cooper
has redeemed himself. His practical knowledge of naval
terms and tactics has given him a great advantage over lit:
erary men in general in his descriptions. It may be set
down as his chef d'oeuvre, with the Life of Columbus by IR-
viNG, and the Histories by PRESCOTT and BANCROFT, which
are now set down as standard works of American litera-
ture.-N. Y. Express.
HUNG BY ACCIDENT.-The New York Dispatch states that a
man in that city named ARTHUR HUGHES on Wednesday met
his death in a strange manner. On the Coroner's inquest, it
appeared, from the testimony of several witnesses, that the de-
ceased, who was employed' to wori in the stable, was found
about 9 o'clock in the morning, hanging by the neck to a stable
_ _i 1- __ .. . -_ -- i i i 1 1- -


NOTTINGHAM, PRINCE GEORGE'S CO.
MARYLAND, MAY 17, 1839.
Messrs. EDITORS: Although business has brought me
on a visit to this delightful village, I have had sufficient
leisure to look around me and enjoy the charming prospect
which the surrounding country and the beautiful Patux-
ent afford, especially at this time of the year, to every one
who delights in contemplating rural scenery and the love-
liest works of Nature.
Nottingham, which 1 have now visited for the first time
in my life, appears to be a small.village consisting of, per-
haps, not more than a dozen gobd houses, three stores, a
new and convenient tavern, and a meeting-house for reli-
gious worship. It is pleasantly situated on the Patuxent,
and commands a fine view of Calvert county, to which
there is an excellent ferry for horses and carriages, directly
across the river. I found lying at the commodious wharf
of this delightful village, or in full sail along the river, se-
veral schooners from Alexandria and Baltimore. These
vessels convey the great staple of Prince George's county,
TOBACCO, to the neighboring ports, but principally, of
course, to Baltimore, from which port there is also a steam-
boat constantly and regularly running to Nottingham and
Mount Calvert (within four miles of Upper Marlboro')
once a week, and which boat, besides being a pleasant
conveyance to passengers, also carries a large quantity of
tobacco, which is brought to the capacious tobacco ware-
houses at Nottingham and other places of temporary de-
posite on the margin of the Patuxent. The village of Not-
tingham is still a port of entry, there being now a revenue
officer, boat, and attendants constantly on duty. From
the intelligent and respected gentleman who has change of
this duty, I learned that time was when the town of Not-
tingham carried on a very extensive trade with foreign
ports in Europe, from which large importations of goods
were made by the neighboring tobacco planters and mer-
chants. He assured me that, in olden time," there had
been not less than twenty-seven .square-rigged vessels
cleared'out of Nottingham, for foreign ports, in the course
of a single week. From another intelligent inhabitant of
Nottingham, I learned that there is now living in that
neighborhood a respected citizen, who is nearly 90 years
of age, who remembers Baltimore when it was a place of
as small size and business as Nottingham is. at present;
but tempora mutantur. The citizens of Nottingham and
the surrounding country still, I find, entertain the hope
(belief, I should rather say, from the confident manner in
which some of them spoke to me on the subject) that their
village is yet destined to take rank as a commercial depot
and port of entry; and look forward to the period when
Nottingham will become, with the aid of railroads and
other internal improvements, what it once was, a port ot
extensive business and of no secondary consideration-in
which hope or belief I sincerely wish they may suffer no
disappointment.
SThe Shad and Herring Fisheries on the Patuxent, for
several years past, (I learn from a respectable source) have
been remarkably successful. In the vicinity of Notting-
ham, during the present season, so successful have been
the operations of the industrious and enterprising fisher-
men, that large sums of money have been cleared by the
sale of shad and herring caught by the seine haulers close
by Nottingham, and immediately afterwards conveyed and
sold there by the boat load, in bulk, as the whale fisher-
men would say. I am credibly informed that one indivi-
dual, having only a small .seine, indifferent tackle, and a
few hands, caught shad and herring enough, in the imme-
diate neighborhood of Nottingham, to enable him to clear
81,500 by the sale and delivery of his fish in that village
within the last few weeks. A respectable planter, at whose
house I dined yesterday, and who has recently bought a
farm on the shore of the Patuxent, within two miles of
Nottingham, informed me that no longer was it necessary,
as in former years, for the planters, near the Patuxent, to
send their wagons to the Potomac Fisheries, as, for some
years past, their own river at home had yielded them an
abundance offine shad and herring. Every where around
me I learn that the Patuxent Fisheries have, during the
present season, yielded a grateful abundance. I hope that
this fact (for fact it surely is) will make a due impression
upon those who, I fear, for "filthy lucre's sake," are a lit-
tle too anxious to propagate the notion that "this has not
been a good fishing season !" But what, indeed, will not
some men say for the sake of their own special advantage?
In my drive from Washington to Upper Marlboro', and
from the latter place to Nottingham, on Wednesday and
Thursday last, it was gratifying to observe the beneficial
effects of last Monday's fructifying rain. On all sides the
grain, corn, plants, trees, and vegetables looked healthy
and promising. Indeed, the farmers themselves speak en-
couragingly of their crops in general. I have just heard of
a very melancholy and awful occurrence which took place
in Calvert county last Monday night, during the severe
storm of thunder and lightning. A person named Mc-
Dowell, his wife and instant, were all killed by the light-
ning on that dreadful night. The occurrence was most
remarkable, as it appears these persons were all struck dead
by the terrific fluid as they l ny in bed, which is generally
considered as a place of safety during a thunder and light-
ning gust. This awful visitation took place in that part
of Calvert county near Mill Creek, and at no great dis-
tance from the court house. Two poor children have
been left orphans by this dreadful occurrence. I have de-
rived my information from a resident of Nottingham, who
was at Calvert county court on Tuesday, where the sad
event had caused unusual consternation, and was the ge-
neral topic of conversation. Yours, T.
ST. Louis, (Mo.) WEDNESDAY, MAY 18.
Yesterday the last solemn rites were paid to the remains
of Col. GENTRY, of the Missouri Volunteers, and Capt.
VAN SWEARENGEN, and Lieuts. BROOKE and CENTER, of the
United States Army, [which had been sent from Florida
by their surviving fellow-soldiers J At two, the coffin was
conveyed to Christ Church. Soon after, the bell tolled,
and an immense concourse of persons assembled. The
spacious church was crowded, and many were unable to
gain admission. The solemn service of the Episcopal
church was then gone through with, the choir singing sev-
eral anthems, and an appropriate address was delivered by
the Rev. Mr. HEYER. After a solemn dirge by the band
from the Barracks, the coffin was removed to the hearse,


passing in front of the St. Louis Grays, who received it
with appropriate honors-the United States and militia of-
ficers acting as pall-bearers. A procession was then form-
ed: the Grays, preceded by the United States band, in ad-
vance of the hearse; then the officers of the United States
Army and militia officers; next the Hibernian Society,
with their badges; the Mayor and city authorities, car-
riages, horsemen and citizens in the rear. The whole pro-
cession reached through several squares. At the city lim-
its, the hearse was taken charge of by the United States
troops, and conveyed to Jefferson Barracks. Peace to their
ashes honor to their memories !-Repubiican.
DEATH OF JUDGE PRIOLEAU.-We regret to announce,
on the authority of a letter from Pendleton, S. C. dated
the 10h instant, that the Hon. SAMUEL PRIOLEAU died at
thit place on the night of the 8th instant. Judge PRIO-
LEAU was eminent as a lawyer and legislator, and was one
of that constellation of genius and literature which illumi-
nated the pages of the Southern Review. For many years
he filled the office of Recorder of the city, and Judge of
the city court of Charleston, with great ability, dignity,
and urbanity; and as a virtuous man and useful citizen
won a large share of the warm regard and high admiration
of this community. Physical infirmity compelled his re-
signation of the judicial office a few years since, and cut
short his career while yet in his mental prime. He was
considerably short of three score years at the time of his
death.- Charleston Courier.


door, at the rear or tne auove premises. The nead was snoved
through a hole at the upper part of the door, and the body hang- Loss OF THE WHALE SHIP EDWARD Q.UESNEL, CAPTAIN
ing on the outside. From the situation in which the body was WooD.-This ship, formerly a Havre packet, but now
found, it was evident that the deceased had, in his endeavor to owned at Fall river, on returning from a whaling voyage
look into the stable, placed his feet upon a baton on the lower went ashore about 12 o'clock last Monday night, about
part of the door, and put his head through over the top, and ast She had
while in this position his feet must have slipped from the baton, four miles east of Amagansett, (Easthampton.) She ha
and the top of the door caught him by the neck in the manner on board 1,400 barrels sperm, and 900 barrels whale oil.
above described. The aperture at the top of the door was not The ship went to pieces soon after she struck, and, worst
more than 5 inches in size, but the door could be pulled out so of all, a boat's crew, consisting of the second mate and six
as to make more room; and when he fell against it, as his feet men, were lost in attempting to get ashore. The ship and
slipped, the weight of his body necessarily closed the door, by cargo were insured, as we understand, at New Bedford.
which means he broke his neck, and must have died instantly. The vessel broke up, and the oil drifted along the shore,
The jury returned a verdict of accidentally hanged." most of which will be lost.
FATAL ACCIDENT.-We learn that a fatal accident occurred BRANDYWINE SPRINGs.-The large and elegant estab-
;near Genoa Hollow on Monday night. Two young men by the lishment in Delaware, known as the Brandywine Springs,
uameseof ALLEN and THROP had gone from home in a one- has been taken by Mr. JAS. SANDERSON, of the Merchants'
htarse wagon, and on their return in the evening had been, by Hotel, Philadelphia. He is the son and present partner of
the fright of the horse or some other cause, precipitated over a Mr. SANDERSON, formerly of the Merchants' Exchange,
precipice twenty-five or thirty feet in height, where they were Philadelphia, and now of the Merchants' Hotel, in that
'found yesterday morning. ALLEN was instantly killed, and
THROP was barely alive when found. It was supposed he could city. No summer establishment is supposed to surpass in


TO THE EDITORS.

GENTLEMEN: Will you please do me the favor of caus-
ing the annexed letter to be inserted in your paper, in
justice to myself, in relation to the suit of the United
States for the recovery of an allowance for extra services
rendered under peculiar circumstances of responsibility,
which I am fully determined to establish in my own justi-
fication ? Respectfully, yours,
MAY 18, 1839. W. S. SMITH.

WASHINGTON, NOVEMBER 26, 1838.
DEAR SIR: The relations of personal intimacy that sub-
sisted between us, during the period of your being Com-
missioner of the General Land Office, would sufficiently
justify the appeal to your recollection of facts of that date
I have now the occasion to make, independently of my ap-
preciation of your sense of justice on all occasions, and I
am fully satisfied you will render me that, on the present,
to which you shall think me entitled.
You will recollect that I discharged the duties of dis-
bursing agent under your appointment from July 1, 1831,
to the close of your duties as Commissioner; and that also
during the same time, on the occasion of carrying into ef-
fect the provisions of the Chickasaw treaty, when the
proper time arrived, you also gave me a specified duty to
perform in relation to the organization of the district offi-
ces, and the subsequent adjustment of the accounts of the
sales of public lands, to which-duty was fixed the com-
pensation of $250. And at the time your letter of appoint-
ment to me on that duty was received, I stated to you, ver-
bally, in the room, and in the presence of Mr. KING, my
willingness to undertake thedischarge ofthose duties, provid-
ed the compensation allowed therefore should not supersede
or interfere with any provision that might or should be
thereafter made for compensating the disbursing agent for
the extra duties incidental to the discharge of his incum-
bent duty; and as you, at the time, made no objection tj
such reservation, I accordingly undertook the said assign-
ed duties, in conjunction with the ordinary duty of my
clerkship, and continued their discharge during the resi-
due of the time you remained; and, as I then supposed,
entirely to your satisfaction, as also to the satisfaction of
Gov. BROWN, who succeeded you in the office, and official-
ly continued me as the agent after the reorganization of
the office under the provisions of the act of Congress of
July; 1836.
The present Commissioner, in.the month of November,
1837, having ascertained my expectation of being compen-
sated for the extra services performed as disbursing agent,
then brought the question to an issue, whether I was to be
compensated at all or not; and, having decided against it,
I was compelled to desire the accounts should be closed ;
which was accordingly done. And after charging my
compensation for the whole period of the service rendered,
there remained a surplus of $23,000-besides the balance
of nearly $9,000, paid over by me, which was applicable
to the service of the year 1838, and which accordingly en-
abled him to intermit the presentation of an estimate for
the contingencies of the ensuing year-which you will,
doubtless, consider a rare case in the annals of appropria-
tions. And I mention it incidentally to you under a strong
feeling that the compensation could have very easily been
allowed, without inflicting on me a removal, and the in-
justice and inconvenience of its disallowance, which I have
to establish in court during the present term. Ydu will,
therefore, render me an especial service by an early reply
to this letter. -
I remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
W. S. SMITH.
ELIJAH HAYWARD, Esq. Columbus, Ohio.

[This letter to E. HAYWARD was directed to Columbus,
Ohio, November 26, 1838, postage paid-endorsement
thereon: The postmaster is requested to forward this
letter, should Judge H. not be a resident." Mr. HAY-
WARD never has noticed or replied to this letter.]

TRUE CHARITY.-A poor old woman had orders from a
butcher to come to his stall every market-day for a portion of
meat, which a benevolent individual (who desired -to be un-
known) gave regularly to several indigent industrious persons.
One day she was receiving it as usual, and chanced to see Mr. B.
(reputed to be equally rich and covetous) standing near, and
observing the distribution of the meat: in a burst of grateful
eloquence and virtuous indignation, she exclaimed, Ah, how
long will it be before you do as much for the poor? God bless
the giver!"
Mr. B. and the butcher exchanged a furtive glance, and the
latter was interested afterwards to hear the former declare that
"he then reaped the full reward of his gifts when he found that
he could so well bear her reproaches." He was the unknown
benefactor.
THE TELL-TALE TREES.-A facetious old gentleman rode
one day along a road which two lovers had peramtbulated the
same morning; the young lady was visiting in his house. When
they met at dinner the damsel asked her host "if he had a
pleasant ride."
Extremely so, my dear; the trees whispered to me all the
way."
Indeed, sir what could they say '?"
Why, my dear, the great oak outside the town'told me
that you had paused under it to adjust your shawl; the elm-row
said that Sir A. had squeezed your hand the whole way it ex-
tends; the fir-belt betrayed the tender declaration; and the
stunted little sycamore had heard the first kiss."

QUID PRO-QUo.-The last Duke of A- married his daugh-
ter's governess.
I wonder," said he to the Marqgiis of E. (who had married
a poor Welsh girl,) that you did not persuade Lady E. to learn
French."
I wanted her for my wife, not my governess," retorted the
Marquis.

~fjThe Ladies of the Sewing Society of Christ
Church, Georgetown, intend having a sale of useful and orna-
mental articles in the Lecture Room on Dumbarton street, on
Monday and Tuesday, the 20th and 21st-to commence at 3
o'clock P. M. each day. Admittance 12 cents. may20--2t


A CARD.-Sale of Elegant Furniture.-I would re-
spectfully call the attendin of the citizens of the Dis-
trict (particularly those furnishing) to the very extensive sale
of elegant and fashionable furniture to take place in Gadsby's
Row, nearthe West Market, on Tuesday, 21st instant, com-
mencing at 10 o'clock. ALEXANDER McINTIRE,
may 20-Mon&Tues Auctioneer.
AMERICAN TURF REGISTER AND SPORT-
ING MAGAZINE--March and April, 1839.
EMBELLISHMENTS.
Plenipotentiary, engraved on steel, by Dick, after Cooper, R. A
D'Orsay and his Traineau, on steel, by Dick, after Aubrey.
CONTENTS.
To Readers and Correspondents, etc.
Memoir of Plenipo', with a portrait, by the Editor
Native and Imported Stock, by Jersey"
Oriental Field Sports," by "Peter Simple"
D'Orsay and his Traineau, by a New Contributor
Killing Trout OutofSeason, by an Officer of the U. S. A.
On Bridling and Bitting Horses, by the Author of "Life of
Maceroni"
Racing in Russia
Boat Song, by Charles F. Hoffman, Esq.
Memoir of Harkaway, by the Editor. Concluded
The Handley-Cross Hounds, by 'the Unknown"
Memoir of Belshazzar, by T. A.
On Shoeing, by Charles Vail de Saint Bel
On Arab Horses, by Hassan Abdallah"
Turfiana, by the Editor of the London New Sporting Maga-
zine
Continental Sporting, by Nimrod." Concluded
English Popular Racing Stallions, by Uncle Toby"
Familiar Anatomy of the Horse, by Craven"
Alphabetical List of American Winning Horses in 1838. Con-
cluded.
Memoir of Philip, by T. A."
Cigar Smoking, by "the Shade of Sir Walter Raleigh"
New Theory of Stallions, by A."
A Maryland Fox hunt, by G."
Salmon Fishing in Canada, No. 1, by Piscator"
The Late Match in Virginia,by "Loudon"
Sales of Blood Stock, by the Editor.
Omissions in the Racing Calendar of 1838.-New Orleans, La
Eclipse, Metarie, and Louisiana ; Fredericksburg, Va.; Nash
ville, N.C.; Cincinnati, O. ; Camden, S. C. ; Springfield,
Ala.; Livingston, Ala.
The Origin of Mint Juleps, by Chas. F. Hoffman, Esq.
Notes of the Month, by the Editor.-The Northern Turf, the
Hampton Stakes, Rifle Shooting, Something- like a Compli-
ment,'the "Entire Swine," Match for $20,000, Cattle in Ten-
nessee, a Novel Race.
Arnr;r.an-Rn.insr Calonrl 1- iRO --T.ivinoftnn Alin Nnrfolk.


iaies TA baa." *
SALE OF HANDSOME FURNITURE.--dn
Tuesday next, the 21st instant, at the residence of a
gentleman (in Gadsby's Row, west end) who is about leaving
the District, I shall sell a large and elegant collection of beau-
tiful and well-kept household furniture, comprising every
thing desirable in fashionable and genteel housekeeping, con-
sisting, in part, as follows, viz.
Elegant Brussels carpets and rugs, nearly new, of rich
patterns
Ingrain hall and step carpets, Nearly new flat brass rods
Bronzed and -gilt Candelabras, and Chandelier with cut
shades
Handsome sets of mantel lamps, astral lamps
Handsome large gilt mirrors, pier tables with marble top
Handsome centre tables, marble tops, mahogany sideboard
Best mahogany hair seat chairs and sofa, lounges
Dining, card, pembroke, and hall tables
Arm chairs, maple chairs, brass fenders and fire sets
Venetian window blinds
Rich China (white and gold) dinner, tea, supper and des-
sert sets
Superior cut-glass, as large bowl, tumblers, wines, cham-
pagnes, jellies, lemonades, celeries, decanters,.&c.
Ivory knives and forks, waiters, castors, and table furniture
Dressing and other mahogany bureaus
Mahogany and other wardrobes
Superior beds, mattreses, and bedding of best quality
Curtains, bedsteads, chamber caipets
Chairs, washstands, toilet sets, &c.
Hall stove, child's carriage, a guitar, &c.
Kitchen requisites, a very complete stock,
A very superior Milch Cow, and fine 2.year Heifer
Terms, &c: at sale. Sale to commence at 10 o'clock.
ALEXANDER McINTIRE,
may 16-dts Auctioneer.
SERVANT GIRL AT AUCTION.--On Tuesday
next, the 21st instant, at 12'o'clock, (noon,) 1 shall sell
at my auction store, a likely and smart mulatto servant girl,
aged about 14 years, who has to serve 13 years and 4 months,

not to be removed from the District'of Columbia.
Terms of sale, cash. EDW. DYER,
may 18-3t Auctioneer.
HUCK AND HAIR MATTRESSES.-I have on
hand a large supply of that excellent and cheap article, the
Shuck Mattress, (so highly recommended by the Medical
Faculty for health, &c.) of every size and price, and have just
received a full supply of superior Hair Mattresses, single and
double, all of which will be sold upon accommodating terms.
Persons wishing such articles for the approaching warm weather
will please call and examine mine before they puisbase.
may 21-3t EDWARD DYER.
ALE OF GOOD URNITURE.-On-Wednesday
Evening next, the 22d instant, at 4 o'clock, I shall sell, in
front of my Auction Store, a good lot of Household Furniture,
belonging to a person declining housekeeping, consisting of as
follows, viz.
1 very splendid solid Mahogany. Sideboard
Mahogany, Cane, and Stump Chairs
Set handsome Curled-maple do with Rocker
High-post French and Trundle Bedsteads
2 handsome and nearly new Carpets
Mahogany Bureaus and handsome Wardrobes
Handsome Mahogany Centre Table, Butler's Tray, and
Stand
Mahogany Secretary (a curious piece of workmanship)
Washstands, Basins and Pitchers, Night Bureau
Single and double Hair Mattresses, Beds
Several Clocks, Rocking-chairs, Workstands
Large Brass Andirons, Shovel, Tongs, and Fenders
Refrigerator.
Also, a large lot of School Benches and Desks
With many other articles not necessary to be enumerated.
Terms cash. E. DYER,
may 21- Auctioneer.
yO THE WORLD.-If you wish to make use of Sar-
saparilla, be advised to try Dr. LEDY'S Medicated Ex-
tract of Sarsaparilla. It is positively the strongest prepara-
tion in existence; one bottle of it (which costs but one dollar)
being equal to one gallon of the Sirup, as it is usually prepared
in the shops, and equal to two bottles of any other extract.
Dr. Leidy begs leave to state that he himself prepares it, and
can consequently vouch for its strength. Numerous physicians
throughout the United States give it the preference over all
other preparations of Sarsaparilla, both from the fact of its supe-
riorstrength (consequently efficacy when employed) ard from
the circumstance of its being prepared by a regular apothecary
aud physician, attested by Drs. Physick, Chapman, Jackson,
Horner,'Gibson, Dewees, James, Coxe, &c.
It is useless here to name the numerousaffections wherein
Sarsaparilla is considered the sole specific. Suffice.it to say, it
is recommended by all physicians throughout the world, in
diseases of the Skin, Bones, Liver, 4-c. and particularly all
diseases produced by impurities of the Blood and animal
fluids. As a purifier of the Blood, it is at all times (and par-
ticularly in Spring and Fall) invaluable. In warm climates,
throughout the summer season, no person should neglect using
it occasionally. Numerous certificates and recommendations
from physicians and others accompany the directions.
Sold by all respectable Druggists and Merchants throughout
the Union.
Preparedonly, and sold wholesale and retail, atDr. LEIDY'S
Health Emporium, Second street, below Vine street, Phila.
In Washington city, by J. F. CALLAN and CHARLES
STOTT.
In Alexandria, by COOK and LEADBETTER.
In Georgetown, by G. M. SOTHORON.
may 16-cp6tif
PUBLIC SALE OF VALUABLE LAND In the
County of Berkely, Va.-The subscribers, commis-
sioners under a decree of the Circuit Superior Court of Law
and Chancery for the county of Frederick; in the State of Vir-
ginia, will offer at public.sale, at the Court-house, at Martins-
burg, in the county of Berkely, Virginia, to the highest bidder,
on the second Monday in June next, (the 10th of June,) being
Court-day, four hundred and ninety-seven acres of valuable
land lying on the Potomac river, adjoining the lands of Edward
Colston and John Kysinger, being part of the real estate of
which the late Cornelia Hopkins died seized.
This tract is probably as valuable as any in the county, is
first-rate limestone land, contiguous to the Chesapeake and
Ohio Canal, and within a mile of the contemplated line of the
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.
Terins : One-fourth cash; the balance in three equal annual
instalments, without interest. The deferred payments to be
secured by bond and security, and a deed of trust on the
land.


Persons desirous of viewing the land are referred to Ed. J.
Lee, jr. of Shepherdstown, Ed. Colston and John Kysinger,
near the premises, and the tenant thereon.
ROBT. T. BALDWIN,
Winchester, Virginia.
CASSIUS F. LEE,
Alexandria, Dist. of Col.
ir The Martinsburg Gazette, the Genius of Liberty, Lees-
burg, the Hagerstown Torch Light, the Fredericktown Herald,
and the Charlestown Free Press, will publish the above week-
ly till sale. ap 15-2awts.
ORVEN FOR SALE.-The eastern part of the
IVR Morven estate, including the buildings ahd 273 acres of
land, is for sale. This land lies in the District, near the Middle
turnpike road, three miles from Alexandria and five from the
city. About one-half the land is cleared ; part of it is highly
improved, and one hundred acres of it admirably suited for
meadow.
The dwelling-house is built of brick, and contains 8 rooms;
the office, meat-house, and ice-house are all of brick.
There is a good and comfortable house for servants, lately
built, a corn-house and barn. The barn is 66 feet long and 33
feet wide, with stabling for eighteen horses. There is a delight-
ful spring of the purest water within seventy yards of the house,
a spring in the- garden, and one within fifty yards of the stable
door-none of which have ever been known to fail.
This land possesses peculiar advantages for a dairy farm or
market garden.
For terms apply to JAMES D. KERR,
ap 16-2awtf Alexandria.
G GENUINE MORUS MULTICAULIS TREES.
300 trees 4 feetof wood, untrimmed
150 do 7 feet above root, untrimmed, with many
branches
150 do 6 feet of wood, untrimmed
The above trees are shipped by the schooner Edward Vini-
cent, from New York, and for sale by F. LOWNDES,
may 4-d2w Georgetown.
OWBRAY ON POULTRY.-Mowbray on breed-
ing, -rearing, and fattening all kinds of Poultry, Cows,
Swine, and other domestic animals; second edition; adapted to
the soil, climate, and culture of the United States, by Thos. G.
Fessenden.
Also just received, The Farmers' Library, vols. 1, 2, and 3,
consisting of the American Gardener, The Orchardist, and the
Complete Farmer.
Cobb's Silk Manual, The Silk Grower's Guide, and a great
variety of other useful books on agriculture.
For sale between 9th and 10th streets, Penn. avenue.
may 8 R. FARNHAM.
GEORGETOWN BROOM FACTORY.
A CARD.-The proprietors of the Georgetown Broomc
PFamtorv have on hand a general assortment of Brooms.










NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE.

STATE OF EUROPE.-NEXT CENSUS OF
THE UNITED STATES.

If I were to say that nearly the whole of Great Britain
" and Ireland, and the continent of Europe, are at this mo-
" ment closely bordering on a sanguinary revolution, I
Should be saying nothing but the truth."
[London Correspondence of national Intelligencer.
Mr. ADAMS, according to the newspapers, said in the
SHouse of Representatives: 'A member has spoken of
" CONSEQUENCES: IN THE EVENT OF WAR, if it were a war
" of principle and justice, consequences are secondary."
[Correspondence of the New York American.
There are many persons who would not sim-
ply shrink with dread, but disgust, from the con-
sequences of doctrines they are led to uphold,
could they be made to anticipate the conse-
quences of reducing their creeds to practice.
One of the most -dangerous symptoms of con-
stitutional disorder in society, on both sides of
the Atlantic, is, that, in opposition to princi-
ples, consequences are not only of secondary, but
of no consequence. In the abstract so ought we
to reason, provided we clearly discern what is
principle, and can rationally assure ourselves of
salutary results. But, how fearful must be the
prospect of future times, when an immense num-
ber of persons conceive they are in duty bound
to take on themselves, and impose on others,
the responsibility of consequences! Did such
persons wait to consider how completely they throw them-
selves into the net of designing demagogues, they would
pause. It is not yet very long since a large share of
Europe was an aceldama, from men contending that they
were obeying the decrees of Heaven, and acting under
duties above all human laws. What has been acted may
be imitated, and blood and ruin follow the footsteps of men
rushing forward regardless of consequences.
But, quitting these reflections, let us for a moment
glance on Europe-on that part of the earth which holds
the destinies of the nations within and without its limits.
Europe may be subdivided into the active and passive
nations, with the exception of Russia, partaking, as occa-
sion serves, of both characters. In activity, Great Britain
and France stand pre-eminent: in the passive class, Austria
sustains her character of centuries. On the three south-
ern peninsulas of Europe, Spain torn by civil war, and
Portugal of little consequence in general policy; Italy, di-
rect or indirect, under the influence of Austria; andGreece,
a kingdom in name, anarchy in fact. In northern Europe,
Sweden and Denmark, respectable as nations for their
scale of intelligence, but politically monarchies, which in
any great crisis must be moved by the impulse or attrac-
tions of larger masses. Prussia, in many respects the most
perfect Government which was ever formed on earth, the
first which made intellectual improvement a fundamental
part of state policy, but which, from position and the alli-
ance of their royal families, must yield to Russian influ-
ence. The German States, with people highly improved
and civilized, and far more prone to peace than war, yet
often forced into, and when so involved, terrible in war.
Austria, holding a position which renders her the van-
guard towards Russia, strong, even powerful, when called
into action in conflict with the Western States of Europe
or on the southward with Turkey; but, from theircommon
Sclavonic population, feebly opposed to Russia. No other
European monarchy has so much power, however, to act
as peacemaker as Austria. The policy of her Government,
at least since the treaty of Hubertsberg, (1763,) has been
peace; though involved in the wars of the French revolu-
tion, and in the end a gainer by treaties, her ancient policy
has been since renewed. Austria is, in our idea, a des-
potism i but it must be confessed to be the mildeat of all
despotisms. And another most honorable distinction is
due to Austria: no other nation has ever appeared on oui
planet with a tithe of her physical force, which has en-
croached so little on contiguous States.
France now, as at distant periods since the age of Char
lemagne, contains the most inflammable elements to se
Europe-the world on fire. With all the parchments cov
ered with diplomatic limits, the Rhine and the eastern bor
der of the Swiss cantons is also the true eastern border o
France. In that generous, gallant, and brave nation, thern
are too many who regard military glory the supreme good
It betrays ignorance of their national character to say tha
the French pant for war because discontented with Loui
Philippe. A character conspicuous under Clovis, Charle
magne, Philip Augustus in the Crusades, under Louis X1V
and through and since their own Revolution, lies deepe
based than politicians are able or willing to admit. Ii
real power, or relative power, France has changed the leas
of any existing State in Europe during the last two centu
ries. Called into activity-and less is needed to produce
such an effect in France than in any other nation of th
Caucasian world-then is she felt like a well-pointed an
two-edged sword.
After the close of the American Revolution, Europ
generally, but France and Great Britain particularly, con


trained all the inflammatory elements of revolution, an
from every feature of the times, it was the cast of a di
which nation was to undergo the fiery ordeal. Franc
tookthe lead and Britain the alarm; and now, at the en
of fi ty years, the attitudes of the two nations-are not essen
tially different. In both nations, much of vague, under
fined, but dangerous views of the present and future are in
dulged. On which soil the volcano will burst remains i
the womb of Time. Taken apart-*
Great Britain, holding the extremes of the Eastern con
tinent, mistress of Indostan,.extending her power in Afg
anistan, Persia, and Tartary, whilst her writers, and eve
her legislators, are abusing Russia for encroachments o
Turkey; seizing Breshire in Persia, and Aden in Arabiv
whilst accusing Russia of instigating the Schah of Persi
to besiege Herat, a city on the table-land of Asia: wit
the most extended commerce and manufacturing pow<
ever united in the hands of the same people; holding th
fine northwestern archipelago of Europe as her seat (
science, population, wealth, and grandeur; unequalled cc
lonies in Asia, Africa, the West Indies, and in South an
North America-no other nation had ever so much to ris
in war, and yet she threatens Russia, and her Tory part
the United States.
Russia, seated with her back to the frozen and inaccess
ble regions of the north; dependent Sweden on her righ
and the interminable Asia on her left; agitated Europe i
front, with her right foot on Turkey and left on Persih
and, in fine, her never-closed eyes on the whole earth-
what other nation can expect to gain by war with such,
Power-a Power ruling, direct or indirect, over at leaE
one hundred millions of people, with an army of EIGHT HUI
DRED THOUSAND MEN, and, according -to British authority'
the third, if not the second, most efficient fleet on earth
Interrogate the past, and it will answer by pointing to th
names of Charles XII and Napoleon; it will point, on th
maps of Europe and Asia, to Sweden, Poland,' Turke:
Persia, and Siberia, and trace the lines of Russian march,
over Germany into Italy, Switzerland, and France. W
have paragraph-writers in the United States anticipation


change in the balance of power. But the next census must
show a change of more consequence than that produced by
any previous enumeration. Upon the most rigid analysis
of progressive population, the Atlantic and interior num-
bers will be equalized about 1843 or 1844 ; and, at the cen-
sus of 1840-'41, the aggregate ought to be about seventeen
million, eight in the central sections and nine along thet
Atlantic slope.t
We frequently see, and often hear of persons in all the a
fulness of worldly prosperity committing suicide. The
writer of this article has witnessed more than one such t
melancholy circumstance, and is not altogether without
fear of living to see his country inflicting on itself such a cC
calamity. Parties, shouting principle while reckless of con- ti
sequences, are ready-made instruments of national suicide.
" Time," says a profound French philosopher, "destroys
every thing made without his assistance." In our country, s
most profound contempt of time, past or to come, has been
expressed, even in our legislative halls. What time pro- l
mises to do, and which no power without the aid of time i
ever did do, is expected amongst us to be reared, like the t
tower of Babel, to the heavens, and above all the deluges
to which the moral as well as physical world is subject. ,
We may thus build, until stopped in our aspiring plans by, d
if not confusion of tongues, a conflict of interests. f
To conclude in seriousness, the most splendid destiny a
ever offered to any portion of mankind lies. before the An- c
glo-Saxon population of North America, unless it is marred o
by national folly, by a rejection of those principles on which t
alone public prosperity ever has and ever must r st. Union t
and a judicious cultivation of our immense resources can a
place us amongst the most happy and morally influential F
national associations which ever rose on earth. (
TACITUS. i
t
A VISIT TO SLEEPY HOLLOW. t

FROM THE N. Y. EXPRESS, MAY 15.
PEDESTRIAN ExcURSIONs.-Exercise and good air do so t
much toward prolonging life, exhilarating the spirits, and
keeping us in good health, that we ought to seize upon
every occasion to enjoy them. An excursion in an over-
flowing steamboat, amid the noise, turmoil, and odor of its
populousness and machinery is not enough; and though
riding in the country, particularly in parties, on horseback,
is excellent, yet there is nothing like long walks-excur-
sions on foot. These excursions it is which give young
Englishmen so much vigor of body, and such a general
flush of health. Our merchants ought to walk, not to ride
to Rockaway in a close carriage amid clouds of dust. Hal- j
lett's Cove is just far enough out of town in summer for a
good walk morning and evening. People who have coun-
try-houses towards King's Bridge should never ride to
the Harlem Railroad. Yonkers is a very fair walk from the
Harlem end of the road, with some fair scenery on the
route.
It is a pity that our country and our neighborhood have
not that kind of a genius of the place, beguiling the pe-
destrian on his route, that Sir Walter Scott, Wordsworth,
and otlifrs have imparted to England or Scotland-or that
Rousseau, Voltaire, and Byron have given to the Geneva
lake; but all this is coming. The suburbs of New York
are looking up. We made, with one of our young and
active merchants, one of these pedestrian excursions, the
other day, to Sleepy Hollow," provoked thereto by the
Legend of the Sleepy Hollow, and a late, most beautiful
article, in the Knickerbocker, from Geoffrey Crayon him-
self. We followed from Yonkers the line of the Croton
aqueduct, a greater than a Roman undertaking; passed by
Bleecker's palace of a school that overlooks the Hudson ;
the country-houses of New York gentlemen, we know not
how many, sompe of them as barren of ornamental trees as
if on the Roman Campagna; and we even peepe'- down
the way that led to the mansion of the renowned Geoffrey
Gent., but darkness was over his dwelling, and the farm-
e rs were going to rest, as we reached that part of the route,
and were pushing onward to "the Ambitious Hotel,"
with cupola and verandahs," Geoffrey now rather mourn-
fully speaks of, as cresting the summit of a hill, instead of
'' the old little tavern below the hills, where the (Dutch)
farmers used to loiter on market days, and indulge in cider
and gingerbread." We tarried at Tarrytown," at this
ambitious hotel," the worthy host, Mr. Curtis, making it
worthy of its ambition and its cupola too.
Sleepy Hollow" we visited next morning. There is
a good deal of poetry about this Sleepy Hollow; but the
r romance is a capital one nevertheless. The old Church
Though, shame on the men who put on the semi-Grecian
portico-the ghost of Frederick Filipson eternally haunts
these desecrators of antiquity-the old Church and the
t grave-yard, though, are themes for story. True, the old
SDutch sun-bonnet is all gone, ,and the French milliner is
transforming all the Sleepy Hollow maidens into Broadway
belles; but there is the grave-yard, and there the people
f died for it, in Dutch, and were buried in it, in Dutch, and
e the moss.covered grave-stones record them as dead, in
Dutch. When all Dutch is forgotten, and glorious old
Holland sinks with her dikes, whence she came, into the
t sea, how some American Champollion will puzzle his brain
s over this untranslatable tongue. of but one people, who
learn all other languages because no other people will learn
thyr own! Irving, however, we trust, has immortalized
Sleepy Hollow. If the magic power of his pen can invest
r his home on the Hudson with the witchery Scott has
n thrown around Melrose or the Highlands, or Wordsworth
,t over his Lakes and Pikes, the whole world, not the En-
glish-speaking tongue of these twenty-six embryo empires
of ours, but they of that imperial nation wlose arts and
e arms are already beyond the Indus-pilgrims from Aus-
e tralasia, and New South Wales even, will throng there for
d a relic, with the fulness of gratitude for such inspiration
upon their lips.
e Adieu to Sleepy Hollow. We don't think much of Po-
cantico. What would old Diedrich have said if he could


- have seen the Irishmen, the gunpowder, the crowbar, the
d pick-axe, the wheel-barrow, the incumbent masses of earth
e and granite vexing and shooting with water-works
e athwart the quiet and lassitude of Sleepy Hollow Titan,
now standing on its hills, and tossing its rocks, and so on
d as playthings! Unearth the Van Tassels, Geoffrey, and
- let us hear what they say. Forgive a pedestrian, if, as ihe
- walks leg-weary in the suburbs of his magnificent city, he
wants a story to beguile the way-side. Line the margin
of the Hudson with legends. People its hills, as those over
n the Rhine, with a fancy. There-- is almost a Swiss pass
from King's Bridge to Manhattanville. Spuyten Devil
-. creek has not its rush of waters for nothing. Here, and
. beyond here, is the classic soil of a revolution, not of go-
veinment alone, but of all the elements of a government:
n of society, of the science of navigation, of thought, enter-
n prise, and action; a retroactive revolution, which, as it here
a, rolls onward the new tide, is to roll back, too, by the very
ia agency its own Fulton discovered, what must inevitably
' revolutionize the world. He, who alone has written a
Life of the Great Columbus, would never need an inspir-
er ing topic here. Speculators in lots, owners of land, build-
le ers of steamboats, keepers of hotels, thou, O Goddess, who
of anciently presided over Health, make Washington Irving
o- write, and write; for exercise gives health, and a land of
story is the paradise of the pedestrian. And what has fill-
id ed every nook and eyrie of the lochs and highlands-what
ik makes Langdale Pikes populous, and the horrible valley
y of the Borrowdale alive with the tramping of feet, the land-
lord rejoicing, the farmer glad-and streams of gold run-
ning there from the world's end-what, but the inspiring
i" pen of a Scott or a Wordsworth, who have peopled every
t, scene, and written their own fame as immortal upon the
in history of the everlasting hills themselves ?
a,
_- JOSTON AND NEW YORK COAL COMPA-
J NY.-The stockholders of the Boston and New York
a Coal Company are hereby notified that by a resolve of the Di-
st rectors an assessment of two dollars is laid on each share of
g- the capital stock, payable on or before Monday, the twenty-se-
venth day of May next, at the Office of the Company, No. 4 Wall
street, in the city of New York.
? By order of the Directors.
ie THOMAS W. STORROW,
ap 25--law4ww Secretary.
-OR SALE.-A farm, well enclosed, irs a healthy neigh-
Y, J borhoodr containing 400 acres; 200 of which are in a state
es of cultivation, and the balance well clothed with firewood and
e a quantity of good timber trees. It has on it a comfortable
g dwelling and all necessary out-houses.
8 1 n ,,Th .,,, Iph..; ,,,nv .in;,,s to> s .ell wirll l fn.8 1 F.r t0 > f, farm


FRANCE AND EUROPE. 'th
01r
CORRESPONDENCE OF THE NEW YORK AMERICAN. he
PARIS, FEB. 22, 1839.
By law, it is in the power of any member of the Govern- ge
lent to require, through the Minister of Police, the imme- di;
late insertion at the head of any journal of a full or par- se,
al contradiction of erroneous statements relating to the ca
ho
authorities, or the administration of affairs. The Opposi- tai
on papers are often thus compelled to bear on their fronts he
ie lie direct-the official allegation that they have uttered
rhat is absolutely false-absolument faux-tout a jait ag
ontrouvr. The Courier Francais of the 17th carries in ha
his way, without an editorial remark, two official falsifica- mi
ons; and the effect is even ludicrous. Occasionally, the re
national when so bedecked, (as it was on the 19th inst.)
ontents itself with observing that every one knows what on
uch denials are worth.
The remonstrances which eminent individuals frequent- b
y make in the newspapers against personal paragraphs may siI
kewise be found a little pleasant. Some declare that to
hey are not dead; not on distant journeys; have not held YA
particular interviews, &c. Baron Von Hammer, the cele- to
rated scholar and historian of the Ottoman Empire, has Pc
seemed it advisable to send from Vienna a circular note
or the Paris press, extinguishing a splendid paragraph b(
.bout the marriage of his daughter, which told of magnifi- B
ent nuptial presents from the Sublime Porte, the presence oh
of the Imperial family of Austria, and other invented par- tc
iculars, which, as he says, would be good material for a cr
ale of the Thousand and one Nights. The same press in
killed not long since, Abdel-Kader and Mahcmet All, a(
ind raised various wars and insurrections in the East. of
Every week, at least, it regales us with a grand conspiracy el
or revolt in some part of the Russian Empire. One day, m
t creates the Due of NEMOURS a generalissimo; the nexi, p,
he Duke of Orleans; and these, its own appointments, it d,
akes as the theme of the severest strictures on the paternal '
favoritism of Louis PHILIPPE, and the subserviency of his a
Ministers. fl
For more than two years, I have looked every morning gi
through most of the Paris and London newspapers ; arnd
afterwards noted the statements and speculations which c,
proved to be utterly or mainly fabulous and groundless; m
and I think myself warranted in my impression that they ti
amounted to more than one-half of the immense mass of mn
such matter. The portion of the fictions which was copied t(
into the New York papers, and never rectified, is quite t,
large enough. From my own observation, and the testi- a
money of competent judges, I am sure that reliance is not c
to be placed on one-third of the correspondence from- g
France, Spain, and Germany, published in the London S
journals. 1i
All the theatres and other resorts in which masked balls w
were held in the Carnival time are specially permitted to c
continue those entertainments during the Lent. There is c
but one exception-the Grand Opera-altogether a Gov- b
ernment institution. The Liberal editors complain bit- t,
terly of the interdict; aver that several orders and counter- l
orders on the subject were issued by the Minister of Inte-
nor; and conclude that the final decree was a concession
to the instances of the Archbishop of Paris-an election- f
eering capucinade-to win the priest party. And they a
call upon the tradesmen who are entitled to vote to remem- 1
ber the misdeed at the polls You can imagine the con- d
trast between the design of Lent and the renewal of the 1
hideous and pestilent orgies which I have slightly described t
to you in some of my recentletters. If the Ministryclosed s
one field of Satan at the proper entreaty of the Primate, I
fear that it has left open numberless others of the kind, in r
order to keep the mass of the Parisians in humor and sport c
politically innocent, a
When a comparison is instituted, with regard to the
popular disorders which occur on the two sides of the At- t
lantic, we should advert not merely to the numberof actual t
riots in the continental countries in Europe, but to the evil o
compliances and sacrifices which the rulers deem it neces- c
sary to make for the purpose of prevention. In Paris, cor- o
rupting amusements must be allowed ; expensive works un- h
dertaken for the operatives; pageants and shows provided t
that occasion mischievous dissipation and loss of labor; at t
times, the constitution or the laws suspended or violated,
as in the case of the captured Duchess of BERRI and Louis s
NAPOLEON, and the recent prohibition of the export ofgrain, t
You have seen that, of late, the Belgian Government was
obliged, with the same view, to bolster up insolvent banks
and other joint-stock companies, and mammoth manufac-
turers and speculators. On the same account,if Lafitte's
Bank had been really-as it was for several days supposed
to be-in danger, the Bank of France, or the Treasury,
must have propped it, with whatever reluctance. If we
must have a monarchy, says a republican print, let us have
one tempered by insurrections. Most of the monarchies
seem to me to be swayed by the fear of them.
The chief daily law journal has just furnished some ap-
palling authentic statistics of the effects of the Carnival in
Paris, including that which ended, nominally, on the 13h
instant. It appears that the pledges at the Mont de Pi;tl
(Central Pawn-Broking institution) were, from Ash-Wed-
nesday onwards, nearly double in number and value; the
sums drawn from the Saving Funds nearly the same; so
with the admissions into the hospitals, and the dead bodies
exposed at the Morgue. All this, compared with any oth-
er equal period of the year--and for some years past, the
like evidence of the penalties paid by the people for the
orgies of the Jours Gras, was protracted for nearly a month
succeeding the Carnival. The tithe levied this year for
the benefit of the hospitals, on the proceeds of the recent
public balls of Paris, is estimated at 110,000 francs. Such
statistics, however, barely shadow forth, or simply leave to
be imagined, the extent and variety of the libertinism and
depravation, improvidence and waste of every kind, disease
and death in the most horrid forms, which those festivals
involve for the middle and lower classes.
In the last discourse or report of t he Secretary General of
the French Society of Universal Statistics, I noticed the


remarks, that the population of a country and the number
of its cities were the certain indications of the degree of its
civilization ; that, in the advanced countries, (les pays per-
fectionnes,) men were agglomerated in large capitals or
populous cities; that, whether we consult ancient or mod-
ern history, we find, during forty centuries, an immense
metropolis wherever civilization has shone with most bril-
liancy. Very different definitions may be given, or views
taken, of national civilization and refinement. For mftelf,
who have paid special attention to Paris statistics of every
description, and studied this mighty metropolis under all its
aspects, and in all its pretensions, I have been brought to
coincide with the maxim of Mr. JEFFERSON, that great ci-.
ties are great sores on the body politic," and, even more, on
the body social and moral, the primary frame of true civili-
zation. My notion may appear to some quite heterodox or
wild, but it is, that if Paris were divided into at least three
or four portions, and each planted far out, France in gene-
ral would be considerably more moral, rational, free; much
better governed, educated, and disciplined ; and thus more
highly civilized, or perfectionn6, than she is now, or will
be for many revolutions of our mother earth round that
luminary to which Paris is often proudly likened, with re-
ference even to the whole world. It is demonstrable by the
history of France, that, politically speaking, much more evil
than good has resulted to her from the capital, since the
foundation of the monarchy. Paris claims and exercises
the government and administration of all France; controls
supremely her resources, energies, opinions, and tastes;
absorbs most of her talent and wealth; deposes or makes
her kings, dynasties, and cabinets; involves her at will in
disastrous revolutions and wars; corrupts her morals and
sentiments, not merely as the grand magnetic focus of vice
and dissipation, but by the unbounded diffusion and influ-
ence of writings immoral, irreligious, and anarchical, and
the perversion of the fine arts in every possible device and
excess of caricature and obscenity. The case must be seen
and studied in detail to conceive the degree and universal*
ity in which self-government, independent judgment and(
action, discretionary administration of local and personal
affairs, are wanting, nearly unthought of or unimagined,
throughout the provinces.
The centralization so much cherished and vaunted, is in
fact the subjection ofthirty-two millions of Frenchmen to
one million, or, rather, to the factions in the capital that in-
cessantly struggle for exclusive sway. And those thirty-
two millions, though pre-eminently favored in every re-
spect by Nature, are left, relatively to nearly all the rest
of Europe, without elementary education and internal im-
provement, while they provide an enormous revenue for
*l,h -(I.nn.rnmnt I'. lar rrD arif uohieh irnminirs the lnuvrv


e signals, the watch-words issue hence, as, on the eve
during a general action, they would from the military
adquarters to the hostile forces in a field of battle.
The Coalition by which the political system is now vital-
threatened, was concerted by the Paris chiefs and niana-
rs, and the Deputies from the Provinces fell in, imme- be
lately as they arrived-a week, more or less, before the pi
ssion-like so many sheep following a bell-wether. You in
n understand, by the reciprocal arguments and imputa- Ir
ins of the Coalition and Court parties, that the represen- th
tives, candidates, and electoral bodies, universally, are w
Id to be at the command and drill of one or the other. m
Sometimes a voice has been raised in the Chamber w
,ainst the monopoly and prepotency of the capital, but a
Is scarcely ever obtained decent heed, much less practi- re
1 success. 'ake a small sample in an extract which I tl
ade two years ago from a speech of Mr. FOULD, a very e:
spectable Deputy, who could win no attention : a
" Gentlemen, you occupy yourselves with Paris alone. We p
ght, however, to think of the Departments. All their money g
brought to Paris. Isee great danger in that. The Depart- r
ents are drained by the receivers-general of the taxes, and h
e the Saving Funds system. All capital flows to Paris, to the Il
gnal detriment of the Departments. If you allow large sums
be deposited in your Saving Funds chests in the Provinces, b
au will suffer by it, soine years hence, serious inconvenience., c
t present you have collected a hundred millions of francs, and, j
judge from the regular increase of the Saving Funds, y )u will 'f
assess in this way ere long (at Paris) two or three hundred t
millions, a moiety of which will be torn from the Provinces." U
This prediction has been more than realized. The day o
before yesterday appeared the election address of ODILLON
'ARROT, who has been regarded as the special champion t,
f decentralization and the sovereignty of the nation. Yet, o
this topic, he does not hazard a single allusion at this a
itical juncture. The Paris Committee of the Legitimists, a
Their address, treat, indeed, of the propriety of the self i
Administration of townships, and the extension of the right s,
f municipal and political suffrage by a graduated scale of tl
section; but they profess to aim (aiid partly by those t
leans) at the enlargement and corroboration of the royal
ower-at a stronger political centralization, while they b
centralize for mere administrative and municipal objects. b
'heir drift, at the bottom, in whatever scheme of the kind, b
A every body knows, is to obtain more scope for the in- o
uence which their landed possessions and personal rank i
ive them in the western and southern Departments. d
During my passage to Havre, in the good ship Erie, I o
conceived the projeat-which I have steadily pursued since
ty arrival in Paris-of collecting, for a comprehensive, h
hough not ponderous book, a body of statistics, physical, t
oral, and political, European and American, with a view ,,
o comparisons and deductions in favor of American his- h
ory, institutions, intellect, and character. Materials have t
ceumulated on my hands from French publications, the p
hiefjournals of all the capitals of Europe, which are re- 1
ularly received here, and the reports and libraries of the I
Statistical Societies. If I should be able, hereafter, to col- I
ate, digest, and apply them, agreeably to my design, you t
vill, I think, be, if not surprised, at least attracted and ex-
ited by the results, especially on the topic of immense f
apitals and manufacturing communities. Jonah was sent
y the Lord to admonish Nineveh, and Jeremiah inspired c
olamet over the city of Jerusalem. The modern Baby-
ons the Great would be the first objects of similar missions, f
precisely for what they call their superior civilization. t
I related to you that 1 had seen in the Rue de Rivo!i a r
ull-length portrait of the celebrated American Comedian
nd Representative of New England rustic characters," '
Mr. HimL. Your eye may have been caught by his well-
isplayed advertisement in several numbers of Galignani's
Messenger. HIe announced, for the evening of the 16th, i
he" Yankee Fireside, or Homespun Tales;" tickets, each, t
even francs for the first boxes, and five for all others. t
The theatre which he chose does not admit an audience of
nore than a few hundred persons. You know that a spe-
ial permit is necessary here for every such representation ;
and the celebrated Representative" looked a little aghast
when he first read in his license, as conditions, that the
Public must be gratuitously admitted to his Fireside ; and
hat he should abstain from sticking up bills. This smacked
f a Yankee trick. However, he soon learned that tickets
could be sold, and even advertised, notwithstanding the
official form. But Mr. I.LLt was far from filling the house;
his audience consisted chiefly of American ladies and gen-
lemen; a few English only were attracted. His orches-
ra was composed of eight or ten artists, so called, who
played Yankee Doodle, and writhed under their own mu-
sic. His tales in verse and prose were protracted through
wo mortal hours. According to the testimony borne to
me by some of the Americans who were present, the whole
was a failure. The many friends," at whose earnest re-
quest" Mr. Hir.I, played, were like those of the hare in the
fable. I hope that he covered his expenses; but I am not
absolutely sorry that the Yankees cannot be thus carica-
tured here, with even the little success which Mr. COOPER's
name and the title l'Amerique procure for his homespun
tale, Eve Effingham. We are abundantly and malignantly
enough caricatured by Europeans.
You will not suspect me of any affectation of patriotic
sensibility if I notice briefly Ihis day-the anniversary ofr
WAsHINGTON'S birth. There is nothing Pharisaical in the
expression of a regret that it. is not to be publicly cele-
brated by the Americans in Paris, or distinguished in some
way by our national functionaries. The omission was sig-
nalized last year and the year before, in two of the Paris
Liberal journals, as indicative of lukewarmness, at least,
towards the memory of the Chief Founder of our Repub-
lic. I cannot explain it, but I reject that interpretation,
because national and republican feeling generally becomes
keener abroad, where we are less affected by those party
feuds and discontents which at home, in too many instances,
lessen its vivacity, alertness, and confidence. Public ho-
mage, rendered officially or otherwise, with decorum and
consider, ateness, to the name of WASHINGTON, could not be
invidious in any capital of Europe-that name being every
where honored without reserve. I have copied a beautiful
recent tribute to it fiom the Paris Hevuie des Deux Jlondes ;
and you have read the admlirable sketch in the last number
of the Edinburgh Review. As Speeches, which were not,
but should have been" spoken, are occasionally publish-


ed, I think that I may venture to offer you, unpretendingly,
a few toasts for an American dinner, which might have
been arranged here for this anniversary;
IWashington--The consummate an'l incomparable patriot-
so acknowledged by the irost enlightened of this hemisphere.
Lafayette-A name inseparable froim that of Washington in
the leaits and hlomrage of American3, and in the annals and
glories of their Revolution. \Vhlat champion of human rights
ever rendered service, and lef, a memory so precious to a for-
eign race? What association of illustrious names so close and
just, from community of principles and ends, of private and
public virtue, of enterprise and danger, of exalted and tender
friendships?
The Republic of the United States-Assured of superla-
tive prosperity as long as she shall duly venerate the character
and observe the precepts of her Hero.
Srance-Never backward in the tribute of honor to his mer-
its, and always an object of his heartfelt gratitude and concern.
.Her weal will be ample, splendid, and durable, indeed, if it
should equal American wishes and sympathies.
Great Britain-The land of Washington's forefathers.
We are proud of our common descent, and feel the value ot our
manifold connexion. Let the rivalry be in the liberalities of
spirit and the arts of peace. When the option is between mu-
tual good and evil incalculable, can self-love or simple reason
hesitate 1
The President of the United States-The only political
chief with a perfect model, and thus doubly responsible to his
constituents and mankind.
King Louis Philippe-A choice ratified by a mighty Peo-
ple, and acknowledging the supremacy of the national will:' a
thorough comprehension of eacli other, the certain guarantee of
both.
Americans at Iomne and Abroad--Patriotic in proportion
to rte credit which they isrsert or procure for their country.
'The Writings of Washington and Lafayette, recently
published- Renewing and confirming the admiration which
their lives had excited-proving and perpetuating the greatness
of their motives and faculties.

LAW PARTNER-HIP P.
PEYTON, YERGERS & PIERCE
Balie Peyton, George S. Yerger,
Thomas N. Pierce, Jacob Yerger.
At New Orleans. At Vicksburg, Miss.
BUSINESS in either the State of Louisiana or State of Mis-
sissippi entrusted to their care will be promptly and strictly at-
ended to. sept 17-ly
S8. PREN'TISS has resumed the practice of Law at
S Vicksburg, Mississippi. iar 4-6m
r %iHREE IIHUNDRED DOLLARS REWARD).
a Absconded fronm the subscriber on the 17th ultimo, nc-
grr, srrvrnt AT.LFRED and. somn days previous, J.'RRY.


THE TWO COLONIES.:

BY TYRONE POWER.

Two colonies yet exist within Pennsylvania-samples of
oth, indeed, may be found within a few miles of Phiiadel-
hia-and these constitute,with me, a never failing source of
terest and amusement. They are composed of Dutch and
ish, often located on adjoining townships, but keeping
eir borders as clearly defined as though the wall of China
ere drawn between them. No two bodies exist in Nature
ore repellant; neither time, nor the necessities of traffic.
which daily arise amongst a growing population, can induce
repeal ol their tacit non-intercourse system, or even
gender them tolerant of each other. I have understood
lat Pat has, on occasions of high festivity, been known to
extend his courtesy so far as to pay his German neighbors
call to inquire kindly whether any gentleman in the
lace might be inclined for a fight," but this evidence of
ood nature appears to have been neither understood nor
reciprocated, and, proof against the blandishment, Myn-
eer was not to be hammered into contact with dem wild
richer."
It is a curious matter to observe the purity with which
oth people have conserved the dialect of their respective
countries, and the integrity of their manners, costume, pre-
udices, nay, their very air-all of which they yet present
*esh and characteristic, as imported by their ancestors, al-
hough some of them are the third in descent from the first
olonii-:s. Differing in all other paticulars, on this point
f character theii similarity is striking.
Amongst the Germans, I have had families pointed out
o me, whose fathers beheld the commencement of the war
f Independence in Pennsylvania, yet who are at this day
s ignorant of its language, extent, policy, or population,
s was the worthy pastor of whom it is related,that, hav-
ng been requested to communicate to his flock the want of
supplies which existed in the American camp, he assured
he authorities that he had done so, as well as described to
hem the exact state of affairs.
I said to dein," he repeated in English, Get op mMin
roders and mine zisters, und put em paerd by die vagen, mit
brood and corn ; mit schaap's flesh and flesh of die groote
bigs, und oss flesh; alias be brepare to go op d rvay, mit
der goed nens, to sooply General Vashington, who fight-
ng die Englishe Konig vor our peoples, und der lifes, und
ler liberdies, opon dem banks of the Schuylkill, dies side
If die Vestern Indies."
In his ,ige-rv of a residence and his palace of a barn, in
his wagon, his oven, his pipe, his person and physiognomy,
he third in descent from the worthies exhorted above, re-
nains unchanged. The cases upon which, as ajuryman,
ie decides, he hears through the medium of an official in-
erpreter; he has his own journal which serves out his own
portion of politics to him in Low Dutch, and in the same
language is printed such portions of the acts of the State
Legislature as may in any way relate to the section he in-
labits; the only portion of the community, indeed, which
le knows, or cares to know any thing about.
My honest countrymen of the same class, I can answer
or being as slightly sophisticated as their colder neighbors;
t is true their tattered robes have been superseded by suffi-
:ient clothing, and a bit of good broadcloth for Sunday or
Saint's day, and their protracted lenten fare exchanged
or abundance of good meat, and bread, and tay-galore for
he priest and the mistress; but when politics or any stir-
ing cause is offered to them, their feelings are found to be
as excitable, and their temperament as fiery, as though still
standing on the banks of the Suir or the Shannon.
On all occasions of rustic holiday, they may yet be read-
ly recognized by their slinging gait, the bit of a stick borne
n the hollow of their hand, the inimitable shape and set of
the hat, the love of top-coats in the men, and the abiding
taste for red ribands and silk gowns amongst the women.
The inherent difference between the two people is never
more strikingly perceived than when you have occasion to
make any inquiry whilst passing through their villages.
Pull up your horse by a group of little Dutchmen,in order
to learn your way or ask any information, and the chance
is, they either run away upon instinct," or are screamed
at to come within doors by their prudent mothers: upon
which cry they scatter, like scared rabbits for the warren,
leaving you to Try Turner," or any other shop within
hail.
For myself, after a slight experience, I succeeded with
my friends to admiration: the few sentences of indifferent
Dutch which I yet conserved from my education amongst
the Vee boors at the Cape, served as a passport to their
civility. Without thi. accomplishment, all strangers are
suspected of being Irishers; and, as such, partake of the
dislike and dread in which their more mercurial neighbors
are held by this sober-sided and close-handed generation.
On the other hand, enter an Irish village, and, by any
chance, see theyoungvillains precipitated out of the common
school: call to one of these, and a dozen will be under your
horse's feet in a moment, prompt in their replies, even if
ignorant of that you seek to learn; and ready and willing
to show you any place or road they know any thing,ior
nothing, about. I have frequently, on these occasions,
when arked to walk into their cabin by the old people, on
hearing their accent, and seeing myself thus surrounded,
almost doubted miy being in the valley of Pennsylvania.
So little indeed does the accent of the Irish-American,
who lives exclusively amongst his own people in the coun-
try parts, differ from that of thie settler ofa year, that, on oc-
casions of closely contested elections, this leads to imposi-
tion on the one hand and vexation on the other; and it is
by no means uncommon for a man whose father was born
in the States, to be questioned as to his right of citizenship,
and requested to bring proofs of a three years' residence.


THOMAS H. HAGNER,
A TTORNEV A T LA W, TALLAHASSEE, FLORIDA.
Business in the Territory of Florida entrusted to his care
will be promptly and strictly attended to.
REFERENCES-
Reverdy Johnson, Esq. Baltimore.
Shepher.l C. Leakin, Esq. do.
Messrs. Wnm. Dvidtson & Son, Philadelphia.
Caleb Cope & Co. do.
Thomas Elines & Son d).
Siter, Price & Co. do.
Benj. F. Butler, Esq. District Attorney, New York.
Hon. Garrett D. Wall, New Jersey.
nov 17--d6m
PanEACiAc R L WANTED.-The trustees of the Berny-
S ville Academy are anxious to employ a good classical and
English teacher. Comunuications addressed to them, post
Iaid, will he promptly attended to.
BERRYVILLE, CLARK COUNTY, VA. ap 30-eo4w
iRANDYWINE SPRINGs HOTEL, near
Wtilmington, 1elaware.-JAMES M. SANDER-
SON, son and partner of the proprietor of the Merchants' Ho-
tel, Philadelphia, respectfully informs his friends and the Pub-
lic that he has taken the above establishment, which he intends
opening for the reception of company on or about the 10th of
June next.
This commodious establishment is built entirely of stone, and
has about sixty acres of ground belonging to it ; and for purity
of air, the medicinal quality of the water, splendid scenery,
fine roids, beautiful avenues, spacious porticoes, and the faci-
lity of reaching it from all points, it stands unequalled.
Since last summer, many additions and improvements have
been niade ; among others will be found quoit grounds, target
grounds, apparatus for pigeon shooting, tenpin alleys, billiard
tables, bathing establishments, extensive stabling, and a plenti-
ful supply of horses and vehicles.
A first-rate band of music (Hazard's band) has been engaged,
and arrangements have been made with an eminent pianist of
Philadelphia, who will conduct a series of concerts.
The choicest wines and liquors will be procured for the table,
and the kitchen department will be under tie direction of an
excellent French cook. In short, no exertions will be spared
to renJer this house the first of its kind in the country.
ap 11-w6w
r1,iUSTBEE'S SALE OF VALUABLE REAL
SES',TA'E in the mineral region of Allegany county
Maryland.-By virtue of a decree of Allegany County Court
as a Court of Equity, I will, on Saturday, the 1st day of June
next, ctlfer at public saie, at the hotel of James Black, in the
town of Cumberland, Maryland, between the hours of 12 and 2
o'clock P. M. the valuable Real Estate heretofore conveyed by
Isaiah Frost and Meshach Frost to Mrs. Cordelia Ward, being
part of a tiact of land called '" William's Sheep Walk," contain-
inma 599 acres, more or less, lying and being in the Frostburg
district, Alteiany county, Maryland, upon the National road
and contiguous to the lands of the Clifton Coal Company. Or
this property is a valuable Tavern Stand, with all necessary ap-
purtenances, stables, &c. with a fountain supplied by one of the
finest and most constant springs in the county. Said tavern
stand is now in the occupancy of Mr. John Welsh.
Some of this land is also well cleared, and well adapted ti
pasture; onoiter portion is heavily timbered. Butiti is chief
valuable as being in the very centre of the mineral region. The
land,; -'urromuidi:ig it have been found to contain inexhaustible


FRANCIS C. MOORE, LLOYD MORTON,
I SETH C. SHERMAN, Illinois Land and
General Agency.--MOORE, MORTON & CO. continue
the agency office of John Tillson, jr. and Tillson, Moore & Co.
at Quincy, Adams county, Illinois. They offer their services
to the Public in the transaction of any business connected with
lands in Illinois, such as paying taxes, recording title papers,
redeeming lands sold at tax sales, buying and selling on com-
mission, investigating titles, &c. Long experience and the va-
rious sources of information which have been accumulating in
their office since the first organization of the State Government,
afford them every requisite facility to execute orders accurate-
ly and without delay.
They also attend to the collection of notes and merchants'
accounts: their business connexions in the Eastern cities will
enable them to remit promptly and on favorable terms.
REFERENCES.
John Tillson, jr. Agent of the Illinois Land Company, Quin-
cy, Illinois.
Han. Nehemiah Eastman, Farmington, N. H.
Dr. Benjamin Shnrtleff, Boston, Massachusetts.
Josiah Marshall, Esq. do do
Southworth Shaw, jr. Esq. do do
Joseph 1). Beers, Esq. New York city.
Moses Allen, Esq. do
Messrs. Nevins & Townsend, do
Stephen B. Munn, Esq. do
Samuel Wiggins, Esq. Cincinnati, Ohio.
Messrs. J. & J. lownsend, Albany, New York.
George B. Holmes, Esq. Providence, Rhode Island.
Hezekiah H. Reed, Esq. Montpelier, Vermont.
Nathan B. Huswell, E'q. Burlington, Vermont.
Arneas Morison, Esq. New Haven, Connecticut.
Romulus Riggs, Esq. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Lemnoel Lamb, Ecq. do do
Samuel Hardetn, Esq. Baltimore, Maryland.
Messrs. Tiffany, Duvall& Co.do do
Messrs. S. L. Fowler & Brothers, do
Richard Smith, Esq. Raleigh, North Carolina.
Messrs. J. B. Danforth & Co. Louisville, Kentucky.
Wilson P. Hunt, Esq. St. Louis, Missouri.
Messrs. Van Phul & McGill do do
Messrs. C. J. Fowler & Co. Washington City.
His Excellency Thomas Carlin, Governor of the State of
Illinois.
John D. Whitesides, Esq. Treasurer of the State of Illinois,
Springfield.
Levi Davis, Esq. Auditor of the Public Accounts, Springfield,
Illinois.
Hon. Richard M. Young, United States Senator, Quincy,
Illinois.
Thomas Mather, E.q. President of the State Bank of Illi-
nois, Springfield. ap 16-cp6m


TO TRAVELLERS.



ME lROPOLITAN STAGE LINE RESTORED.
T'ORTH ERN and Southern travellers are informed that
there is now a good Line of four-horse post Coaches run-
ning daily from the termination of the Raleigh and Gaston Rail-
road, through Raleigh, Fayetteville, Cheraw, and Camden, to
Columbia, South Carolina. Two coaches will always be kept
at the termination of the Railroad to convey travellers to
Raleigh.
From Raleigh to Columbia there will be one coach, which
will always carry from nine to ten passengers from Columbia to
Branchville. On the Charleston and Hamburg Railroad there
is a daily line of four-horse coaches.
The great Mail which was formerly carried on this route is
removed to another. That. mail was a great inconvenience to
travellers, and often caused disappointment; its large size fre-
quently making it necessary to leave passengers. This can no
longer be the case; and we can now offer to travellers a safe,
sure, and comfortable journey.
The coaches are large, nine-passenger coaches, and in good or-
der. The drivers and teams are not surpassed by any in the
Union. Great care has been taken to procure steady drivers,
knowing that on them greatly depend the comfort and safety of
the passengers.
We admit that the line via Charleston and Wilmington is the
quickest when the connexion is not broken ; but when we take
the certainty of this line into consideration, it will often be
found to bear competition with the other even in speed.
Passengers leave Petersburg at the same time with the great
mail, and reach Columbia in a little more than three days.
Should there be more passengers at any one time than can be
carried by the stage, those who may be left shall have a prefer-
ence the next day over all others; and to prevent confusion,
they will be entered in the stage as their names may appear on
the way-bill from Petersburg. Preference will always b( g'veii
to those going the greatest distance on the line. The Rwieigh
and Gaston Railroad is in rapid progress, and will very soon be
finished, when a much greater expedition can be given to
this line.
For safety, this line is unrivalled, and it will be particularly
desirable to those who dislike to encounter the danger and in-
convenience from sea-sickness attendant on a voyage from Wil-
mington to Charleston.
From Raleigh west as far as Greensborough there is a daily
line of four horse coaches running in connexion with the stage
from the Railroad. Passengers from the Railroad have a pre-
ference in that line. There is also a hack twice a week to Sal-
isbury direct. THE PROPRIETORS,
ap 16-3mcp [Balt. Am.] Raleigh, N. Carolina.
-F RANKLIN HOUSE, Louisville, Kentucky.-
The subscriber having greatly enlarged and improved
this House, and furnished it entirely new and in a superb man-
ner, it will be open for the reception of travellers and boarders
by the 1st day of April next, when he would be pleased to re-
ceive the patronage of old acquaintances and friends and of the
Public generally.
The Honse is situated in a central part of the city, on the
corner of Main and Sixth streets, and within a square of his old
stand ; is four stories high, and occupying a front of 100 feet or
more on each street. Tne arrangement of the House is admira-
bly adapted for the convenience and comfort of travelling and
boarding families, affording pleasant and convenient suits of
rooms, opening into large, elegant, and airy saloons, and com-
manding a fine view of the city and falls of the Ohio. Public
entrance through the bar-room from Main street. Private
entrance on Sixth street. The bar will at all times be sup-
plied with the choicest wines and liquors.
JOHN FISHER, Proprietor.
ap 16-cp2m Louisville, March 25.
B Ol() SALE.-I offer for sale my present residence in
S' Fairfax county, called Howard," situated within two
and a half miles of Alexandria, and in the immediate neighbor-
hood of the Theological Seminary of Virginia. The tiact con-
tains about one hundred acres, a portion of which is in wood.
The house is of brick, for elegance and comfort is unsurpassed,
and commands a beautiful view of the surrounding country.
There is a well of the purest water in the yard, a never-failing
spring also, and for health the situation has ever been noted.
From its location, in the vicinity of Alexandria and Washing-
ton, it would be most desirable as a private residence, and its
size and convenience adapt it admirably for the purposes of a
school.
For particulars, apply to the subscriber, at Howard, near Al-
exandria, District of Columbia.
may 9--2awtf W. F. ALEXANDER.


I'


r


I

I

VT


Capital Prize 75,000 dollars.
AND FOURTEEN DRAWN NUMBERS.
ALEXANDRIA LOTTERY,
Class No. 4, for B839.
To be drawn at Alexandria, D. C. on Saturday, June 15, 1839.
SPLENDID SCHEME.
1 splendid prize of 75,000
1 do 25000
1 do 15,000
1 do 10,000
I do 6,000
1 do 5,000
1 do 14,000
1 do 3,608
1 do 3,500
1 do 3,250
2 prizes of 2,750
2 do 2,500
20 do ,2,000
20 do 1,000
20 do 800
40 do 600
50 do 400
100) do 300
100 do 200
Besides prizes of $180-$160-$150-$140-$130--$120-
$100--$75 -$60-$50-$40-8$20.
14 Drawn Numbers out of 78.
Tickets only $20-Halves $10-Quarters $5-Eighths $2 50.
Certificates of packages of 26 whole tickets $240
Do do 26 half do 120
Do o 26 qiiarter do 60
D)o do 26 eighth do 30

Orders for Tickets and Shares, or Certificates of Packages,
in the above magnificent scheme, will receive the, most prompt
attention, and an official account of each drawing sent imme-
diately after it is over to all who order from us. Address
D. S. GREGORY & CO. Managers,
may 15-2aw4wd&cif Washington.
A VALUABLE TAN YARD, &c. FOR RENT,
at Harper's Ferry, Va.-This Tan-Yard, with all its ap-
1 ^ -. -- --