|
MARINE-RELATED RECREATION BUSINESSES
AND PUBL I FACILITIES
IN BAY COUNTY, FLORIDA
by
Edward A. Fernald, Karen Walby,
Sarah Jane Miller, and ohn Paul Jones III
The Florida Stte University
Tallahassee, Florida
TECHNICAL PAPER NO. 15
October 1979
i: .
^ '^ /oU 9
Florida Sea Grant
MARINE-RELATED RECREATION BUSINESSES
AND PUBLIC#FACIL TIES
IN BAY COUNTY, FLORIDA
by
Edward A. Fernald, Karen Walby,
Sarah Jane Miller, and john Paul Jones III
The Florida Stae University
Tallahassee, Florida
TECHNICAL PAPER NO. 15
October 1979
This document is a Technical Paper of the State
University System of Florida Sea Grant College, 2001
McCarty Hall, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
32611 and was developed with support from the NOAA
Office of Sea Grant, U.S. Department of Commerce,
grant number 04-8-M01-76. Technical Papers are
duplicated in limited quantities for specialized
audiences requiring rapid access to information and
may receive only limited editing.
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
P
.......
LIST OF TABLES ..................
LIST OF FIGURES . . .....
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. . . ...
INTRODUCTION ........ ............
PART 1: THE INVENTORY . . . .
Rationale . . . . .
Methodology ...............
Types of Businesses ...........
Number of Businesses ............
Classification by Business Function or Type .
Multi-Function Establishments . .
Number of Establishments by Function .
Inventory of Public Facilities . .
PART 2: GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF THE INDUSTRY
age
iv
iv
. . 3
. . 3
. . 6
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Locational Factors and Spatial Distribution of Establishments
by Type . . . . . .
Location of Public Facilities. . . . .
Size Classification . . . . . .
Spatial Impacts . .. .. .. . .. .
PART 3: ECONOMIC BASE STUDY AND EMPLOYMENT MULIPLIER. .
Objective . . . . . . .
Economic Base Theory ................
Allocation of Employment by Sector ............
Findings . . . . . . .
Economic Impact of the Marine Recreation Industry . .
PART 4: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . . .
Supply and Demand Relationships: Marine Recreation Businesses .
Public Facilities . . . . . .
Recommendations .....................
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX 1:
APPENDIX 2:
APPENDIX 3:
MARINE-RELATED BUSINESS INVENTORY .
PUBLIC MARINE RECREATION FACILITIES AND
BOAT RAMPS ................
BAY COUNTY MARINE BUSINESS INTERVIEW
SCHEDULE . . . .
7
25
33
35
47
47
47
49
51
59
62
62
65
67
69
71
77
. 78
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1:
TABLE 2:
TABLE 3:
TABLE 4:
TABLE 5:
TABLE 6:
TABLE 7:
TABLE 8:
TABLE 9:
FIGURE 1:
FIGURE 2:
FIGURE 3:
FIGURE 4:
FIGURE 5:
FIGURE 6:
FIGURE 7:
FIGURE 8:
FIGURE 9:
FIGURE 10:
Page
Bay County Marinas 1978 . . . 9
Bay County Boating Services 1978 . . .. 13
Bay County Fishermen's Supplies 1978 . ... 17
Bay County Charter Boats 1978 . . . 21
Bay County Head Boats 1978 . . .... 23
Bay County Divers' Equipment and Supplies 1978 .... .27
Bay County Public Marine Recreation Facilities and
Boat Ramps- 1978 ................. 31
Bay County Major Centers (with St. Andrews Inset) . 37
Grand Lagoon Area . . . . 39
Massalina and Watson Bayou Area. . . 43
Page
Marine-Related Recreation Establishments by Type . ... 5
Major Locational Factors by Business Category . .. 29
Employee Size Classification . . . .... 34
Employment Distribution and Public Facilities in Major
Impact Areas .. .. .. . . ..... 46
Distribution of Marine Recreation Employment by Type of
Establishment ....................... 52
Distribution of Basic Marine Recreation Employment by Type of
Establishment .. ... . .. .. .. .. .... 53
Distribution of Basic and Non-basic Employment by Standard
Industrial Classification. . . . . 55
Bay County Employment Allocated by Source of Demand, 1978. 58
Estimated Annual Payroll of Basic Marine-Recreation
Employment ... .. .. .. .. ... ...61
LIST OF FIGURES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
A number of people provided assistance and direction during the
preparation of this report. A special thanks goes to Jeff Fisher, Multi-County
Marine Advisory Agent, for providing the impetus to this report, along with early
suggestions. Eugene L. Nakamura, Director of the National Marine Fisheries
Service's Panama City Laboratory, was very helpful in the early phases, and his
counsel led to the preparation of Part 3, which deals with the economic value of
marine recreation in Bay County. Captain B.3. Putnam, local businessman and
member of the Gulf Reef Fisheries Management Council, offered great amounts
of time and assistance throughout.
Additional thanks go to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, Florida
Department of Commerce; Robert McGill, Bay County Planning Department;
Chris Sullivan, Bureau of Plans, Programs, and Services, Florida Department of
Natural Resources; Pete Dicks, Resort Council of 100; Alfred O. Liesemeyer,
Bay County Motel and Restaurant Association; Dan Kelley, Florida Department
of Transportation; Tom Hudson, Mexico Beach Marina; and Andy Hoffman, Harby
Marina.
A special thanks goes to the many owners of marine-related recreational
businesses who gave their time to be interviewed. Many of their comments are
summarized in this report.
Finally, many thanks are due to the entire staff of the Florida Resources
and Environmental Analysis Center at Florida State University, including 3udy
Anderson, who assisted in the initial mapping; Betsy Purdum, who read and edited
the text; Jim Anderson and Dean Johnson, cartographers at FREAC, for their
superb work; Hunter Barnett, for her excellent typing; and especially to Frank
Unger, Director of FREAC, for his encouragement, ideas and coordinating
efforts.
Of course, any omissions or errors are the responsibility of the authors.
INTRODUCTION
Marine resources have made a substantial contribution to Florida's
economic viability. Yet one important by-product of this resource, recreational
activities, has been given very little evaluative attention. This study is an
attempt to place an economic and spatial value on marine recreation in Bay
County, as measured by marine-related business activities and public facilities.
Specifically, the purpose of this study can be summarized with the following
objectives:
To inventory marine-related recreation businesses in Bay County.
To describe the marine-related recreation businesses in terms of their
size, function, locational characteristics and spatial
interrelationships.
To evaluate the economic impact generated by the marine-related
recreation industry on the Bay County economy.
To develop a series of recommendations based on study findings and
problem areas identified which will benefit the future development of
the marine-related recreation industry in Bay County.
This analysis will be a first step in providing a data base and overview of
marine activities from which a county marine policy and/or management plan
can be derived. On an individual level, the users and operators of marine-related
facilities and businesses can benefit from this study by using it as an aid in their
management and location decisions. In keeping with the current concerns over
energy usage and shortages, the information collected could supplement further
research into the relationships between gasoline restrictions and marine-related
business activities.
The design of the study was threefold:
To arrive at an operational definition of marine-related businesses,
then to categorize and inventory the existing businesses and public
marine facilities.
To map the inventory information in order to identify the spatial
structure of marine activities.
To select from the mapped inventory a sample of businesses for
inclusion in a personal interview survey. The survey instrument
included questions about business characteristics, location factors and
the attitudes and perceptions of owner-operators concerning the
marine recreation industry's problems and prospects.
The report is divided into four parts. Part 1 reviews the inventory and
business classification methodology and results. Part 2 discusses the locational
factors of the businesses and spatial distribution of the industry based both on
the category of business and business size. A summary evaluation of land use
impacts in the county is also presented, using the concepts of major impact
centers, minor impact centers, and dispersed effects. An economic base model
and employment multiplier, constructed from the survey data and state
employment records, are presented in Part 3. Part 4 concludes with an analysis
of supply and demand considerations, an identification of problems, and
suggested recommendations for the private and public marine recreation
businesses and facilities.
PART 1: THE INVENTORY
Rationale
The inventory was conducted to provide the research team with an
indication of the number, size, function, and location of the marine-recreation
businesses and public facilities in Bay County. The inventory can be used by
local planning officials to assess the impact of future marine recreational
businesses and facilities in the county. In addition, various agencies such as the
county's Chambers of Commerce can use the inventory to assess the importance
of marine recreation to the economy of the county and to attract other
businesses to the county to serve both the established businesses and the
residents of the county.
Methodology
The inventory was compiled from several sources, including: the phone
book, Florida Department of Natural Resources publications, Florida Division of
Recreation and Parks inventories, the Florida Department of Labor and
Employment Security records, discussions with local officials and businessmen,
and through actual "field checking" of the establishments during the interview
phase of the study. Additions and deletions to the inventory were made through
telephone calls to the businesses to ensure that the inventory is as "up-to-date"
as possible.
Types of Businesses
Since the inventory was compiled with an emphasis on marine recreation,
only those businesses and facilities dealing with boating, fishing, and scuba diving
were included. Businesses that offer a wide range of ancillary goods and services
PART 1: THE INVENTORY
Rationale
The inventory was conducted to provide the research team with an
indication of the number, size, function, and location of the marine-recreation
businesses and public facilities in Bay County. The inventory can be used by
local planning officials to assess the impact of future marine recreational
businesses and facilities in the county. In addition, various agencies such as the
county's Chambers of Commerce can use the inventory to assess the importance
of marine recreation to the economy of the county and to attract other
businesses to the county to serve both the established businesses and the
residents of the county.
Methodology
The inventory was compiled from several sources, including: the phone
book, Florida Department of Natural Resources publications, Florida Division of
Recreation and Parks inventories, the Florida Department of Labor and
Employment Security records, discussions with local officials and businessmen,
and through actual "field checking" of the establishments during the interview
phase of the study. Additions and deletions to the inventory were made through
telephone calls to the businesses to ensure that the inventory is as "up-to-date"
as possible.
Types of Businesses
Since the inventory was compiled with an emphasis on marine recreation,
only those businesses and facilities dealing with boating, fishing, and scuba diving
were included. Businesses that offer a wide range of ancillary goods and services
PART 1: THE INVENTORY
Rationale
The inventory was conducted to provide the research team with an
indication of the number, size, function, and location of the marine-recreation
businesses and public facilities in Bay County. The inventory can be used by
local planning officials to assess the impact of future marine recreational
businesses and facilities in the county. In addition, various agencies such as the
county's Chambers of Commerce can use the inventory to assess the importance
of marine recreation to the economy of the county and to attract other
businesses to the county to serve both the established businesses and the
residents of the county.
Methodology
The inventory was compiled from several sources, including: the phone
book, Florida Department of Natural Resources publications, Florida Division of
Recreation and Parks inventories, the Florida Department of Labor and
Employment Security records, discussions with local officials and businessmen,
and through actual "field checking" of the establishments during the interview
phase of the study. Additions and deletions to the inventory were made through
telephone calls to the businesses to ensure that the inventory is as "up-to-date"
as possible.
Types of Businesses
Since the inventory was compiled with an emphasis on marine recreation,
only those businesses and facilities dealing with boating, fishing, and scuba diving
were included. Businesses that offer a wide range of ancillary goods and services
PART 1: THE INVENTORY
Rationale
The inventory was conducted to provide the research team with an
indication of the number, size, function, and location of the marine-recreation
businesses and public facilities in Bay County. The inventory can be used by
local planning officials to assess the impact of future marine recreational
businesses and facilities in the county. In addition, various agencies such as the
county's Chambers of Commerce can use the inventory to assess the importance
of marine recreation to the economy of the county and to attract other
businesses to the county to serve both the established businesses and the
residents of the county.
Methodology
The inventory was compiled from several sources, including: the phone
book, Florida Department of Natural Resources publications, Florida Division of
Recreation and Parks inventories, the Florida Department of Labor and
Employment Security records, discussions with local officials and businessmen,
and through actual "field checking" of the establishments during the interview
phase of the study. Additions and deletions to the inventory were made through
telephone calls to the businesses to ensure that the inventory is as "up-to-date"
as possible.
Types of Businesses
Since the inventory was compiled with an emphasis on marine recreation,
only those businesses and facilities dealing with boating, fishing, and scuba diving
were included. Businesses that offer a wide range of ancillary goods and services
were omitted, as were businesses that do not derive their sole purpose from
marine recreation. This would serve to exclude department stores that might
offer some fishing supplies, as well as campgrounds located on or near the water.
Number of Businesses
The final inventory includes 145 marine-related businesses in Bay County.
These establishments differ greatly in size, location, and function, and their
number suggests that marine recreation is a pervasive part of Bay County's
economy. To obtain a better understanding of the relationship between the
businesses and the economic structure of the county, the establishments were
classified on the basis of function, or business type.
Classification by Business Function or Type
Five major functions of businesses relating to marine recreation were
identified: marinas, boating services, fishermen's supplies, fishing vessels, and
divers' equipment. Two of these categories were further delineated on the basis
of functions within the major category. The fishing vessel category was divided
further based on the type of vessel, i.e., head boat or charter boat. Both types of
vessels charge a fee for sportfishing, but charter boats charge for the entire boat
per trip, while head boats charge for individuals on the trip. Charter boats are
smaller than head boats, and their average number of passengers, 7.9, is smaller
than that for head boats, 62 (Browder, 1978). The boating services category was
divided based on specific goods and services offered, i.e., boat dealers and
builders, boat and engine repair, and miscellaneous boating supplies.
Multi-Function Establishments
Many businesses perform two or more functions. For example, most boat
dealers offer boat and engine repair as a service, and many offer a selection of
boating supplies. Similarly, most marinas offer a wide variety of boating
were omitted, as were businesses that do not derive their sole purpose from
marine recreation. This would serve to exclude department stores that might
offer some fishing supplies, as well as campgrounds located on or near the water.
Number of Businesses
The final inventory includes 145 marine-related businesses in Bay County.
These establishments differ greatly in size, location, and function, and their
number suggests that marine recreation is a pervasive part of Bay County's
economy. To obtain a better understanding of the relationship between the
businesses and the economic structure of the county, the establishments were
classified on the basis of function, or business type.
Classification by Business Function or Type
Five major functions of businesses relating to marine recreation were
identified: marinas, boating services, fishermen's supplies, fishing vessels, and
divers' equipment. Two of these categories were further delineated on the basis
of functions within the major category. The fishing vessel category was divided
further based on the type of vessel, i.e., head boat or charter boat. Both types of
vessels charge a fee for sportfishing, but charter boats charge for the entire boat
per trip, while head boats charge for individuals on the trip. Charter boats are
smaller than head boats, and their average number of passengers, 7.9, is smaller
than that for head boats, 62 (Browder, 1978). The boating services category was
divided based on specific goods and services offered, i.e., boat dealers and
builders, boat and engine repair, and miscellaneous boating supplies.
Multi-Function Establishments
Many businesses perform two or more functions. For example, most boat
dealers offer boat and engine repair as a service, and many offer a selection of
boating supplies. Similarly, most marinas offer a wide variety of boating
were omitted, as were businesses that do not derive their sole purpose from
marine recreation. This would serve to exclude department stores that might
offer some fishing supplies, as well as campgrounds located on or near the water.
Number of Businesses
The final inventory includes 145 marine-related businesses in Bay County.
These establishments differ greatly in size, location, and function, and their
number suggests that marine recreation is a pervasive part of Bay County's
economy. To obtain a better understanding of the relationship between the
businesses and the economic structure of the county, the establishments were
classified on the basis of function, or business type.
Classification by Business Function or Type
Five major functions of businesses relating to marine recreation were
identified: marinas, boating services, fishermen's supplies, fishing vessels, and
divers' equipment. Two of these categories were further delineated on the basis
of functions within the major category. The fishing vessel category was divided
further based on the type of vessel, i.e., head boat or charter boat. Both types of
vessels charge a fee for sportfishing, but charter boats charge for the entire boat
per trip, while head boats charge for individuals on the trip. Charter boats are
smaller than head boats, and their average number of passengers, 7.9, is smaller
than that for head boats, 62 (Browder, 1978). The boating services category was
divided based on specific goods and services offered, i.e., boat dealers and
builders, boat and engine repair, and miscellaneous boating supplies.
Multi-Function Establishments
Many businesses perform two or more functions. For example, most boat
dealers offer boat and engine repair as a service, and many offer a selection of
boating supplies. Similarly, most marinas offer a wide variety of boating
services, as well as fishermen's supplies, such as bait and fishing tackle.
Nonetheless, every effort was made to place each business in the most
appropriate category, primarily by using the advertising section the
establishment chose in the Yellow Pages or by interviewing the owner. It should
be remembered, however, that the categories are not mutually exclusive; that is,
some establishments may offer services beyond those suggested by their
classifications.
Number of Establishments by Function
Table 1 provides a breakdown of the 145 businesses identified in the county.
TABLE 1
MARINE-RELATED RECREATION ESTABLISHMENTS BY TYPE
BAY COUNTY: 1979
Type of Establishment
Marinas
Fishing Vessels
Charter boats (56)
Head boats (14)
Boating Services
Boat dealers and builders (11)
Boat and engine repair (11)
Miscellaneous boating supplies (6)
Fishermen's Supplies (bait and/or tackle)
Divers' Equipment
Total Number of Establishments
Number of Establishments
18
70
28
23
6
145
Source: Tabulated by authors from interviews and field survey.
A complete list of the names and addresses of the businesses identified in
the inventory can be found in Appendix 1.
6
Inventory of Public Facilities
The inventory of public facilities was compiled from Florida Department of
Natural Resources, Division of Recreation and Parks records and the Bay County
Comprehensive Plan. The inventory records 36 public facilities and boat ramps
in the county that are marine-related (Appendix 2).
PART 2: GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF THE INDUSTRY
Locational Factors and Spatial Distribution of Establishments by Type
The following section is a synthesis of the personal interviews of
owner/operators (see Appendix 3 for survey instrument) and a spatial analysis of
Figures 1-7.
Marinas. The on-water requirement for marinas (Figure 1) is the most
severe locational constraint imposed on any of the marine recreational
businesses. In addition to the requirement for an on-water location, marinas also
attempt to maximize their visibility by locating on major routes in the county.
The marinas need such visibility because they often compete with boat dealers
and other marine stores by offering a wide variety of ancillary goods and
services. Consequently, they are also influenced by the need for consumer
awareness, which is especially important when they attempt to attract visitors to
Bay County to their establishment.
The strictness of these requirements, as well as the fact that the best on-
water locations are those closest to the Gulf of Mexico, has resulted in nodal
concentrations of marinas. The major node is found on Watson and Massalina
bayous. A second area of concentration is in the Grand Lagoon area. A final
concentration point is in Mexico Beach, where three marinas are located. The
remainder of the marinas are dispersed.
A "spatial market" has developed about the marinas. A spatial market can
be defined as the tendency for certain businesses to cater to customers from
certain areas. In Bay County, the marinas closer to the beach tend to specialize
in trade with the visitors to the county. This phenomenon decreases eastward
and northward in the county.
PART 2: GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF THE INDUSTRY
Locational Factors and Spatial Distribution of Establishments by Type
The following section is a synthesis of the personal interviews of
owner/operators (see Appendix 3 for survey instrument) and a spatial analysis of
Figures 1-7.
Marinas. The on-water requirement for marinas (Figure 1) is the most
severe locational constraint imposed on any of the marine recreational
businesses. In addition to the requirement for an on-water location, marinas also
attempt to maximize their visibility by locating on major routes in the county.
The marinas need such visibility because they often compete with boat dealers
and other marine stores by offering a wide variety of ancillary goods and
services. Consequently, they are also influenced by the need for consumer
awareness, which is especially important when they attempt to attract visitors to
Bay County to their establishment.
The strictness of these requirements, as well as the fact that the best on-
water locations are those closest to the Gulf of Mexico, has resulted in nodal
concentrations of marinas. The major node is found on Watson and Massalina
bayous. A second area of concentration is in the Grand Lagoon area. A final
concentration point is in Mexico Beach, where three marinas are located. The
remainder of the marinas are dispersed.
A "spatial market" has developed about the marinas. A spatial market can
be defined as the tendency for certain businesses to cater to customers from
certain areas. In Bay County, the marinas closer to the beach tend to specialize
in trade with the visitors to the county. This phenomenon decreases eastward
and northward in the county.
BAY COUNTY
MARINAS- 1978
SEAPATH MARINA
VAL'S BAYSIDE MARINA
HOLIDAY LODGE MARINA
SUN HARBOR LODGE AND MARINA
ST. ANDREWS MARINA
PANAMA CITY MARINA SERVICES
ETHRIDGE MARINA
HARBY MARINA
GULF MARINA
SNUG HARBOR MARINA
B & W PIER 98 MARINA
TREASURE ISLAND MARINA
PASSPORT MARINA
ANDERSON'S MARINA
MEXICO BEACH MARINA
MARQUARDT'S MARINA
HIDE-A-WAY HARBOR MARINA
TARPON DOCK MARINA
0 2 4 MILES
Figure 1
r'
Boating Services. The boating services (Figure 2) category is an
aggregation of the inventory's boating-related businesses including: boat dealers
and builders, boat and engine repair, and miscellaneous boating supplies.
Although each boating specialty might have a location determinant exclusive to
its particular service, there are several general locational observations that
apply to the entire Bay County boating industry.
Boating services are well dispersed in Bay County. It appears that there is
a large degree of spatial market differentiation for these establishments, with
some businesses serving primarily tourists, some serving military personnel, and
others serving county residents.
Although the market area is an important criteria in location choice for a
boating business, consumer awareness of the various services and suppliers is
equally significant. Therefore, consideration of visibility for the business is a
primary location factor. Nearly all boating businesses look for busy streets with
good access for customers when locating their establishments. For some, this is
satisfied by locating near a bridge, while others consider the traffic patterns on
major roads or major interchanges. These "road-based" establishments reveal a
great deal of dispersion. Few are located on the same highway, suggesting the
importance of dispersion of competitive establishments (Berry, 1968).
An additional factor in location choice is land availability, especially to the
boat dealers. This land requirement has two consequences. First, it tends to
keep most boat dealers away from waterfront property, because they require a
large amount of floor space for displaying their inventory. Second, it tends to
decentralize their locations outward from Panama City where the competition
for available land is less intense, and the land and sales taxes are lower.
The remainder of the boating businesses--the boat builders, the boat and
engine repair shops, and the miscellaneous boating supply stores--are less
15
influenced by land availability than the boat dealers, because their typical land
requirements are less than those of the boat dealers. Consequently, many of
these boat businesses, especially the repair shops and miscellaneous boating
supply stores, are located on or near the water. This is particularly true in the
Watson and Massalina Bayou area, where a concentration of such establishments
is apparent. In addition, the competitive dispersion tendency is less for these
waterfront businesses than it is for the boat dealers.
In summary, the boat dealers are generally road-based, while those
businesses with less land requirements may be located on the water. Some boat
builders are located on the water, and although they require a considerable
amount of floor space, they do not require as much visibility as boat dealers.
Only one boat dealer is located in the Panama City Beach area, and none are in
Mexico Beach. Within the remainder of the county, however, the major dealers
are dispersed. Most of the other boating businesses are dispersed, except for a
concentration in the Watson and Massalina bayou area.
Fishermen's Supplies. Fishermen's supply stores (Figure 3) generally offer
goods that are available in many locations. Consequently, they tend to locate
near major recreational facilities while at the same time attempting to
maximize their visibility by remaining on the county's major routes. For some of
the establishments these recreational facilities are marinas, charter boats,
beaches, and public recreational facilities such as camping areas and piers.
Establishments concentrating on the freshwater bait and tackle market are
dispersed to the eastern and northern sections of the county, yet in many cases
they do maintain some of the marine-oriented market. These establishments are
also located near recreational facilities, primarily those on the county's lakes and
rivers.
T{)
BAY COUNTY
FISHERMEN'S SUPPLIES
BAIT AND/OR TACKLE-1978
F _ 1 _T
DEER HAVEN BAIT AND TACKLE
LIBBY'S FISHING SUPPLIES
DEERPOINT DAM BAIT AND TACKLE
HOWELL TACKLE
BRANNON AND SON
RICHARD'S BAIT AND TACKLE
FISHER-STINSON HARDWARE CO.
TACKLE BOX
BELL TACKLE CO.
GANDY AND SONS
BRANNON'S SEAFOOD
PILCHER BAIT AND TACKLE
LEON'S BAIT AND TACKLE
R & H SPORTING VARIETY AND GROCERY STORE
FISHHOOK #3
FISHHOOK #2
ROY'S CORNER
HALF-HITCH TACKLE AND MARINE SUPPLIES
BILLY BOY'S BAIT AND TACKLE
HOLLEY'S GULF AND BEACH SUPPLY
FISHHOOK #1
WEST BAY FISH MARKET
CAIN'S FISHERMAN'S CATCH
I 0 2 4 MILES
Figure 3
Owners of the fishing supply stores generally expressed a desire to locate
away from competitive establishments. This is to be expected: It is recognized
that "lower order" goods and services, or lower unit-cost goods and services, will
not induce consumer travel to the degree that "higher-order", or higher unit-cost
goods and services will. This tends to disperse the fishing supply establishments.
Nevertheless, there is a concentration of establishments in the Grand Lagoon
area, owing to the desirability of such a location. A number of the recreational
facilities exist in that area, including marinas, charter boats, and boat ramps.
For the establishments without this location pattern, the major factor
tends to be that of access on a major road. These "road-based" establishments
reveal a great deal of dispersion. Few are located on the same highway,
suggesting again the importance of dispersion of competitive establishments.
Charter and Head Boats. Charter and head boats (Figures 4 and 5,
respectively) typically operate out of a marina. Several factors are considered
when choosing a location: the marina facilities, including the availability of boat
slips, the traveling time to the fishing grounds, the tourist accommodations
available nearby, and the availability of bait and tackle. The preferred locations
in Bay County are along St. Andrews Bay and Grand Lagoon. Marinas are located
in both of these areas, where the proximity to the Gulf of Mexico fishing grounds
demands the least amount of traveling time. Tourist accommodations (motels
and restaurants) and substantial fishing tackle stores are nearby. Charter and
head boats are not located in East, West, or North Bay, thus emphasizing the
attraction of the Gulf fishing grounds.
The ideal docking locations provided by St. Andrews Bay and Grand Lagoon
make shifts in charter and head boat locations unlikely. If any location changes
occur, however, they will probably be away from St. Andrews towards Grand
Lagoon, which is closer to the Gulf than docking points in St. Andrews Bay. This
BAY COUNTY
CHARTER BOATS 1978
I
'-'S
I
I,
1. HOLIDAY LODGE MARINA
Sweet Thing
Miss Dawn
Marian II
Osprey
2. ANDERSON'S MARINA
Big Daddy
Big Daddy II
Sea Hawk
Skipper
Barracuda
Capt. Buck
Billy Joe
Capt. Lee
Fu- Lin Yu II
Kingfisher
Capt. Joe Bishop
Sea Foam
Sonny Boy
A. R. Holley
The Hobo
Sea Horse
Genie
Nauti Lady
Crosswinds
Nick- Nack
Poseidon
Capt. Glenn
Daphne D
3. TREASURE ISLAND N
Miss Nell
Wendi
Duchess
Ruthie
Calypso
Pixie P
Shell Back
Afternoon Delight
4. BAY POINT MARINA
Lady M Too
Lucky Day
5. ST. ANDREW'S MARINA
Davy Jones
Miss Penny
Capt. Sparkle
Kelley Girl
Capt. Sandy
Crosswind III
Fisherman
Capt. Bill
Skipjack
Capt. Sandy II
Capt. Spanky
Bobby Two
Pastime
Victory Morn
A. R. Holley
6. SMITH YACHT BASIN
Capt. Bert
Bandit
The Hooker
Bonita
Scorpin II
0 2" 4 MILES
Figure 4
2
/
I- ---
BAY COUNTY
HEAD BOATS 1978
F -,rK.
1. HOLIDAY LODGE MARINA
Holiday Queen
2. ANDERSON'S MARINA
Capt. Anderson III
Capt. Anderson IX
Capt. Anderson X
Judy Beth
S. W. Anderson
3. TREASURE ISLAND MARINA
Florida Fisherman
Florida Girl
4. ST. ANDREWS' MARINA
San Queen
Ocean Queen
New Dixie Queen
Gemini Queen
Florida Queen
Star Queen
S 0 2 4 MILES
Figure 5
I
__ J
shift would be caused by rising fuel prices, giving Grand Lagoon vessels transport
cost savings.
Divers' Equipment. Divers' shops (Figure 6) may provide instructional
and/or equipment services. Their location is based partly on which services are
offered. A dive shop with instructional capabilities is especially drawn towards
marinas which are convenient launching sites. In addition, some advantage is
gained by locating dive shops near charter boats that are willing to serve as a
carrier for recreational divers. A dive shop close to a launch area is desirable to
the recreational diver for last minute equipment needs.
An equipment sales oriented establishment can benefit from locating near a
marina, but their location can also be based solely on local demand for their
product or services. Businesses with diving equipment available as an ancillary
good are less constrained in locational choice. Examples are sporting goods
stores which carry not only diving equipment, but also other sporting goods.
Dive shops in Bay County are well dispersed, indicating that there is a
degree of spatial competition in the industry. Nonetheless, the locational factors
discussed above are operating. Only one Bay County dive shop is not located
near a marina, and it is a multi-good sporting store.
Summary. Table 2 presents a summary of the major locational factors for
each of the business categories.
Location of Public Facilities
The public facilities (Figure 7) in Bay County are widely dispersed and tend
to conform somewhat to the general location patterns of the marine-related
businesses. There is a heavy concentration of facilities in the Grand Lagoon
area, including the St. Andrews State Recreation area. In addition, there is a
concentration of facilities on Watson and Massalina bayous and two facilities in
the St. Andrews area.
BAY COUNTY
DIVER'S EQUIPMENT
AND SUPPLIES 1978
| r ._Ij
1. C & G SPORTING GOODS
(Panama City Mall Store)
2. OLD TIMER'S DIVER SUPPLY
3. HYDROSPACE INTERNATIONAL
4. THE PRO DIVERS SHOP
5. C & G SPORTING GOODS
(Harrison Avenue Store)
6. THE DIVER'S DEN
*
I 0 2 4 MILES
Figure 6
r'
I
TABLE 2
MAJOR LOCATIONAL FACTORS BY BUSINESS CATEGORY
Other Sport-
Locational Fishing Boat Boating Dive fishing
Factors Marinas Supplies Dealers Activities Shops Vessels
Location on or x x x x
near major
routes
Dispersed from x x x
competitors
With similar x x x
businesses
acceptable
Tourist x
accommodations
should be nearby
Other x x x x
recreational
facilities
an asset
Waterfront x x
required
Land availability x x
a major
constraint in
new locations
"Road-based" x x x
locations
acceptable
x = This location factor is present for the majority of the businesses within the
category.
Source: Interviews of marine recreation business operators.
BAY COUNTY
PUBLIC MARINE RECREATION
FACILITIES AND BOAT RAMPS 1978 i
r--"---- ...... T --------- }!
FANNING BAYOU BOAT RAMP
McKENZIE ROAD RAMP
A. L. KINSAUL PARK
BOAT RAMP
MILL BAYOU PARK
DANLEY STREET RAMP
FRANK NELSON JUNIOR PARK
CARL GRAY PARK
BOAT RAMP
LAKE HUNTINGDON PARK
DOT WAYSIDE PARK
ST. ANDREWS RAMP
J. R. ASBELL MEMORIAL PARK
BOAT RAMP
WATSON BAYOU PARK
BOAT RAMP
SUDDUTH PARK
BOAT RAMP
COVE TERRACE PARK
ADAMS MEMORIAL PARK
CALLAWAY COMMUNITY PARK
CIRCLE DRIVE BOAT RAMP
MEXICO BEACH PIER
MEXICO BEACH PARK
ST. ANDREWS BAY STATE AQUATIC PRESERVE
ST. ANDREWS STATE RECREATION AREA
BOAT RAMP
BOAT RAMP
BOAT RAMP
BOAT RAMP
DOLPHIN STREET BOAT RAMP
SAFARI STREET BOAT RAMP
PANAMA CITY BEACH CITY PIER
BOAT RAMP
LAKE POWELL RECREATION AREA
BOAT RAMP
4
I 0 2 4 MILES
Figure 7
r
33
The public facilities and the private businesses appear to enjoy a positive
relationship, especially in the Grand Lagoon area. Much value of the Grand
Lagoon area's businesses can be attributed to the State Recreation area. Other
mutually supportive relationships between businesses and public facilities should
be supported. More specific recommendations for the public facilities are
presented in Part IV of this report.
Size Classification
One of the components of this report is the business size classification.
This classification allows the research team to analyze the marine-related
businesses' spatial and economic relationships.
Size is interpreted using the average number of employees per individual
business over a fiscal year period (FY 1977-78). It was felt that employee
enumeration presented the best indicator of business size, given the available
data.
The employee information was collected from personal interviews and
telephone inquiries with the marine-related business owners. The Florida
Department of Labor and Employment Security's employment and total wage
tabulations provided an additional source of information when personal
communication was not possible.
The size classification data can be used for business decisions and local
government policy considerations. Agglomerations of marine employment can be
observed, as well as possible gaps in the marine industry. In addition, this
information can be a step towards a predictive data base for the marine-related
sector in Bay County.
Table 3 represents the employee size classification for the categories.
TABLE 3
EMPLOYEE SIZE CLASSIFICATION
Small ( <4) Large (> 4)
Marinas 9 9
Boating Activities 15 7
Fishermen's Supplies 14 4
Charter Boats 62 0
Head Boats 0 14
Dive Shops 5 1
Employment and Location Relationships. Mapping the location of the
marine recreation businesses provides a good indication of the locational
attributes of the industry. In order to completely assess the impact of these
locations, however, the employment numbers of the marine businesses were
related to their location.
Marinas. As noted in the previous section, the marinas are concentrated in
three major areas: Watson and Massalina bayous, Grand Lagoon, and Mexico
Beach. These three centers have different employment characteristics. The
clustered marinas in the Grand Lagoon area are major employers, while those in
the Mexico Beach area are also clustered, yet small. The several marinas in the
Watson and Massalina bayous areas are varied with respect to size. Of the
dispersed marinas, only two are large, while the remainder have four employees
or less.
Boating Businesses. As is the case for marinas, the boating businesses in
the Watson and Massalina bayou area contain both large and small
establishments. The remainder of the large businesses are well-dispersed and
tend to be situated at "road-based" rather than "water-based" locations.
The small establishments are located close to the water in all areas of the
county, and they exhibit a greater deal of concentration than do the large
establishments. A major pattern between employment and location is the
relative lack of large businesses in the Grand Lagoon and St. Andrews areas.
These areas are centers of employment for other businesses, but not for boating
establishments.
Fishing Supply Stores. The fishing supply stores' employment tends to be
dispersed. Large bait and tackle stores are located in two primary areas: Grand
Lagoon and St. Andrews. The Massalina and Watson Bayou area is devoid of
fishermen supply stores, with the exception of one large wholesale employer.
Many of the small stores are located on the water, especially in the Deer Point
Lake and North Bay Area, and at Panama City Beach. All of the four large
fishing supply employers in the county are located near the water.
Charter and Head Boats. Charter boats employ less people per vessel than
do head boats. Within the categories of each vessel, however, employment
differs little. Since the employment data will differ little within the categories,
there will not be employment effects based on location other than those caused
by the location of boats themselves. This is discussed in the previous section,
Locational Factors and Spatial Distribution of the Charter and Head Boat
Industry.
Dive Shops. The employment data differ little for the six dive shops in the
county. Only one shop, located in the Grand Lagoon area, is a "large" employer.
Spatial Impacts
The spatial impacts of the marine-recreation businesses in Bay County can
be divided into major impact centers, minor impact centers, and dispersed
activities, or outliers. A major impact center signifies a marine-related
agglomeration of activities consisting of a concentration of diversified business
services with a relatively large amount of employment. Minor impact centers
are smaller agglomerations of activities that operate as more local nodes of
activity than major impact centers. Outliers are marine recreation businesses
located in a multi-use commercial area, separated from other marine-recreation
businesses (Lloyd and Dicken, 1977: 19-65).
There are three defined major centers for marine-related businesses in Bay
County: St. Andrews, Grand Lagoon and Watson and Massalina bayous (Figure 8).
The St. Andrews area (Figure 8) is the most intensely occupied major
center in Bay County. Within a small area of the county bounded by St. Andrews
Bay on the west and south, by 15th Street on the north, and by Wilmont Avenue
on the east is at least one representative from every business category in the
inventory. There is one marina, one dive shop, two fishermen's supply stores, two
boating activity establishments, and a number of charter and head boats. There
are 97 people employed in marine-related activities in the area, and the
concentration of employment relative to the land area is higher than for the
other centers.
The St. Andrews area has several advantages. This large agglomeration is
relatively close to the Gulf of Mexico, and it is the county's only concentrated
downtown tourist center. It is an attractive, older section of the city with an
appealing ambience.
The St. Andrews area has several disadvantages, and these should be
addressed by local decision makers. First, there is little available land in this
section, which inhibits the establishment of any other major employers. Second,
as energy costs rise fishing based in this area will become less attractive.
Nonetheless, the area does have promising possibilities as a marine recreation
area. These will be discussed in a later section.
The Grand Lagoon area (Figure 9) is the most important major center in
terms of employment. The area supports as many as 243 people during the
summer months. It can be classified as a major center based on the wide variety
FIGURE 8
BAY COUNTY BAYOU AREAS
ST. ANDREWS AREA
FIGURE 9
K
.'.
GRAND LAGOON AREA
,' ***"
41
of goods and services available. The area supports three marinas, two boating
businesses, five fishermen's supply stores, a dive shop, seven heat boats, and 33
charter boats. Also located in the Grand Lagoon area are numerous boat
launching sites and camping facilities at St. Andrews State Park.
The area is clearly the site of an agglomeration economy, with the
activities of each business or facility gaining an economic advantage from the
nearby location of other businesses or facilities. This is the relationship that
identifies a healthy economic area, and there are several reasons to suspect that
the agglomeration of facilities in this area will continue. First, this area is close
to the Gulf of Mexico fishing grounds. As energy costs rise, these businesses gain
an advantage over businesses farther away from the Gulf of Mexico. This is
especially true of charter and head boats, whose advantage can be expressed in
daily transport costs savings due to their location. Second, the area is relatively
new, and the cycle of business maturation is not yet revealed in the area's
landscape. Third, land and sales taxes are lower in this area than in Panama
City, although the cost of land is already quite high. Fourth, agglomerations c!
similar activities arise due to their special interrelationship with one another,
and this set of mutually supportive links is difficult to break. If one business in
the area leaves, the Grand Lagoon agglomeration should be stable enough to
withstand the impact of the loss of customers that business attracted.
The final major center is the large, relatively dispersed area south of
downtown Panama City on Watson and Massalina bayous (Figure 10). The area
supports an employment base of 98 people. Marine-related employers are one
divers' supply shop, six marinas, six boating services establishments, and one
fishermen's supply store. It is less diverse than the other first-order centers,
because it lacks any charter or head boats. The major advantage of this area is
the large number of marinas, which tend to attract other marine-related
FIGURE 10
MASSALINA AND WATSON BAYOUS
activities. Employment distribution and public facilities in the major impact
areas are summarized in Table 4.
Two minor centers exist in the county. They are characterized as localized
agglomerations of at least three marine recreation businesses. The area just
south of the eastern end of the Hathaway Bridge is one of the minor centers. In
this area one marina and two boating activity establishments are located. The
other minor center is the agglomeration of three marinas in Mexico Beach.
These marinas provide services similar to fishing supply stores, in addition to
their marina function.
The remainder of the impacts on Bay County's land use by marine
recreation establishments are dispersed. In some cases the establishments are
nearly contiguous to another marine recreation facility, but in no case do three
or more activities agglomerate. Some of the dispersed establishments are
located near the water, e.g., the North Bay and Deer Point Lake activities, yet
the remainder of the facilities are located primarily on major routes in the
county. These activities derive their locational advantage from consumer
visibility, rather than from the agglomeration effects found in the first and
second-order centers.
Some areas in Bay County are nearly devoid of marine recreation
development. These include the majority of the land in Tyndall Air Force Base,
West Bay, and the beaches west of Grand Lagoon.
46
TABLE 4
EMPLOYMENT DISTRIBUTION AND PUBLIC FACILITIES
IN THE MAJOR IMPACT AREAS
Employment
Marinas
Boating Services
Fishing Supplies
Charter Boats
Head Boats
Dive Shops
Grand Lagoon
130
4
8
66
30
5
St. Andrews
7
3
22
38
26
1
Total Employees
Number of Firms
Number of
Public Facilities
243
Source: Tabulated by authors from interviews, field survey, Division of Parks
and Recreation records, and Bay County Comprehensive Plan.
Watson
and
Massalina
24
60
10
0
0
4
PART 3: ECONOMIC BASE STUDY AND EMPLOYMENT MULTIPLIER
Objective
The objective of this section of the report is to estimate the economic
importance of the marine-related recreation businesses to the residents of Bay
County. In order to accomplish this objective, the authors completed an
economic base study of Bay County and computed an employment multiplier in
order to determine how much employment is generated locally by the sales of
marine-related recreation businesses to non-residents of Bay County.
An economic base study seeks to determine the key economic activities
that generate income and employment within a community. Goods and services
sold outside the community by local firms are called "exports." Sales to
residents from outside the county that take place in Bay County are also
considered to be exports. Just as sales of food and accommodations to Latin
American tourists in Miami are considered an American export activity, sales by
a restaurant or motel within Bay County to tourists (whether from neighboring
counties, other parts of Florida, other states, or other countries) can be
considered an export by the county.
Economic Base Theory
The underlying premise of economic base theory is that exports (sales to
non-residents and sales to non-local firms) play the most important part in the
economic growth and well-being of a community. These export activities,
therefore, are designated as basic activities. It is argued that without basic
activities a region would not have the means for payment of goods and services
that it does not itself produce, nor would there be reason for the existence of
PART 3: ECONOMIC BASE STUDY AND EMPLOYMENT MULTIPLIER
Objective
The objective of this section of the report is to estimate the economic
importance of the marine-related recreation businesses to the residents of Bay
County. In order to accomplish this objective, the authors completed an
economic base study of Bay County and computed an employment multiplier in
order to determine how much employment is generated locally by the sales of
marine-related recreation businesses to non-residents of Bay County.
An economic base study seeks to determine the key economic activities
that generate income and employment within a community. Goods and services
sold outside the community by local firms are called "exports." Sales to
residents from outside the county that take place in Bay County are also
considered to be exports. Just as sales of food and accommodations to Latin
American tourists in Miami are considered an American export activity, sales by
a restaurant or motel within Bay County to tourists (whether from neighboring
counties, other parts of Florida, other states, or other countries) can be
considered an export by the county.
Economic Base Theory
The underlying premise of economic base theory is that exports (sales to
non-residents and sales to non-local firms) play the most important part in the
economic growth and well-being of a community. These export activities,
therefore, are designated as basic activities. It is argued that without basic
activities a region would not have the means for payment of goods and services
that it does not itself produce, nor would there be reason for the existence of
PART 3: ECONOMIC BASE STUDY AND EMPLOYMENT MULTIPLIER
Objective
The objective of this section of the report is to estimate the economic
importance of the marine-related recreation businesses to the residents of Bay
County. In order to accomplish this objective, the authors completed an
economic base study of Bay County and computed an employment multiplier in
order to determine how much employment is generated locally by the sales of
marine-related recreation businesses to non-residents of Bay County.
An economic base study seeks to determine the key economic activities
that generate income and employment within a community. Goods and services
sold outside the community by local firms are called "exports." Sales to
residents from outside the county that take place in Bay County are also
considered to be exports. Just as sales of food and accommodations to Latin
American tourists in Miami are considered an American export activity, sales by
a restaurant or motel within Bay County to tourists (whether from neighboring
counties, other parts of Florida, other states, or other countries) can be
considered an export by the county.
Economic Base Theory
The underlying premise of economic base theory is that exports (sales to
non-residents and sales to non-local firms) play the most important part in the
economic growth and well-being of a community. These export activities,
therefore, are designated as basic activities. It is argued that without basic
activities a region would not have the means for payment of goods and services
that it does not itself produce, nor would there be reason for the existence of
48
support service industries (Isard, 1960: 190). These support service industries, or
nonbasic activities, are those that exist to serve the local population. Economic
base theory further assumes that when changes occur in the export or basic
sector, then changes necessarily occur in the service or nonbasic sector.
Further, when this change in the export sector takes place, the ratio of basic to
nonbasic employment will return to its original level. A simple example in terms
of employment will suffice to illustrate this point. Given the relationship:
Basic Employment + Nonbasic Employment = Total Employment,
assume that: Basic Employment = 1,000
Nonbasic Employment = 2,000
Total Employment = 3,000
If basic employment increases by 1,000, then the short-term result would be:
Basic Employment = 2,000
Nonbasic Employment = 2,000
Total Employment = 4,000.
The employment multiplier allows an estimation of the impact on the economy of
an increase in basic employment. The employment multiplier is computed in the
following manner:
Multiplier (employment) = Total Employment (1)
Basic Employment
In this example,
Multiplier(employment) = 3,000 3.0. (2)
1,000
To determine the change in total employment brought about by an increase of
1,000 jobs in the basic sector, the following relationship between the multiplier
(M), basic employment (BE), and total employment (TE), can be computed:
A TE = M(ABE), (3)
where A indicates "change". In this example, the equation becomes:
A TE = 3.0 (1,000) = 3,000. (4)
Thus, an increase in basic employment of 1,000 creates the need for 2,000
additional jobs in the nonbasic sector.
Allocation of Employment by Sector
Obviously, the first step in conducting an economic base study is the
allocation of employment between sectors, i.e., basic or export activity and
nonbasic or service activity. This study utilizes a combination of two methods:
a direct method and an indirect method. A direct method, the market survey,
was used to allocate employment between sectors of the marine-related
recreation businesses described in Parts 1 and 2. An indirect method, the
location quotient, was used to allocate employment between sectors for all other
firms in Bay County.
Market Survey. The best method for identifying basic and nonbasic activity
is the direct method of a market survey. By questionnaire and interview, the
location of the marine-related recreation businesses' market areas can be
ascertained and the basic/nonbasic ratio determined. For example, assuming
employment as the unit of measure, if 60 percent of the marina's sales are to
customers outside the area (tourists) and 40 percent to local customers, then 60
percent of the marina's employment would be allocated to the basic sector and
40 percent to the nonbasic sector. The obvious disadvantages associated with
this method are.its cost, the length of time required to complete the survey and
possible errors in the firm's estimate of the origin of its customers. Since marine
recreation firms in Bay County are relatively small, the authors felt that firm
owner-operators would be able to accurately estimate the percentage of total
sales purchased by local people and the percentage purchased by tourists.
Questions concerning employment and destination of sales were incorporated into
the survey instrument discussed in Part 2 and contained in Appendix 3.
50
Location Quotient. Because of the prohibitive costs of conducting a
market survey of the entire Bay County economy, the decision was made to
utilize the location quotient method to allocate the employment between sectors
for all other industries.
The location quotient is the ratio of an industry's share of the economic
activity of the economy being studied (i.e., Bay County) to that industry's share
of another economy (i.e., the United States). Assume that the study area is a
county (c) of a nation (n), and that employment (E) is the measure of economic
activity. Then the location quotient (LQ) for industry i may be expressed as:
E.
LQ = E. C (5)
in
En
where Eic and Ein represent the county's and nation's employment in industry i,
respectively. (A variant of the location quotient that uses population instead of
E and En was used to allocate employment in the retail and service industries,
such as department stores, health services, motels, and restaurants.)
If the location quotient for an industry is greater than 1.0, it is assumed
that the county exports the goods or services of that industry. For example, if a
county has 6 percent of its total employment in industry i, but the nation has
only 5 percent of its total employment in industry i, it is assumed that the county
has a surplus for export equal to 1 percent of its employment in industry i. If its
location quotient is greater than 1.0, the export or basic activity (Xic) of county
employment in industry i (Eic) can be calculated as:
Xic = 1-(1/LQi)Eic. (6)
In the example above, 1-1/(6/5) = 1/6 of the county's employment in industry i is
the basic sector. If the location quotient is equal to or less than 1.0 for an
industry, it is assumed that the industry does not export from the county, as the
county has less than its share of the industry.
The economic base multiplier, M in equation (1), can be calculated by
estimating export employment using equation (6) for all industries with location
quotients greater than one, summing the export employment of all those
industries and dividing the sum into total employment.
The economic base model assumes that exports are the only source of
growth of local or nonbasic activities. It has long been recognized, however, that
other exogenous sectors can play this role. Therefore, a more accurate
description of the employment multiplier is not the ratio of total to export
employment, but the ratio of total to exogenous employment (the latter includes
export employment).
All federal and state government employment should be assigned to the
export sector. Although some federal employees do serve local needs, federal
employment does have income-generating properties similar to exports.
Similarly, almost all motel employment in a county serves visitors to it
(Isserman, 1977: 36-37). Consequently, in this study, all federal and state
employment and 95 percent of motel employment were allocated to the basic or
export sector.*
Findings
The results of the market survey of marine-related recreation businesses
appear in Tables 5 and 6. A total of 581 marine-related recreation jobs were
identified. Marinas were the largest source of employment with 31.59 percent of
the total, Boating Services were second with 23.91 percent, and Charter Boats
were third with 19.29 percent.
*For a detailed discussion of the limitations of the location quotient method, see
SIsserman (1977).
TABLE 5
DISTRIBUTION OF MARINE RECREATION EMPLOYMENT
BY TYPE OF ESTABLISHMENT
BAY COUNTY: 1978
Percent Number of Average
of Establish- Employ-
Establishment Type Employment Total ments ment
Boating Services 138.9 -23.91 28 5.0
Diver's Equipment 19.6 3.37 6 3.3
Fishermen's Supplies 65.3 11.24 23 2.8
Marinas 183.5 31.59 18 10.2
Sportfishing Vessels:
Charter Boatsa 112.0 19.29 56 2.0
Head Boats 61.6 10.60 14 4.4
Marine Recreation Industry 580.9 100.00 145 4.0
Source: Telephone and face-to-face interviews, and Florida Department of
Labor and Employment Security, ESA 202 Reports.
a
Employment figure for charter boats includes captains.
Browder, J. Study of the Structure and Economics of the Recreational
Paying Passenger Fisheries of the-Florida Gulf Coast. Southeast
Fisheries Center, NMFS. September, 1978.
TABLE 6
DISTRIBUTION OF BASIC MARINE RECREATION
EMPLOYMENT BY TYPE OF ESTABLISHMENT
BAY COUNTY:
1978
Establishment Tvpe
Employ-
ment
Percent
Basic
Sales
Basic
Employment
Boating Services
Divers' Equipment
Fishermen's Supplies
Marinas
Sportfishing Vessels:
Charter Boats
Head Boats
Marine Recreation Industry
138.9
19.6
65.3
183.5
112.0
61.6
580.9
30.98
40.00
41.85
65.11
87.9a
95.0a
43.03
7.84
27.32
119.48
98.45
58.52
354.64
Source: Telephone and face-to-face interviews, supplemented by Florida
Department of Labor and Employment Security, ESA 202 Reports.
aBrowder (1978).
_L
54
The marine recreation business owner-operators were asked to estimate
what percentage of their total sales were purchased by persons not residing in
Bay County. These percentages were used to determine marine recreation basic
employment (Table 6). In terms of basic employment, marinas remain the largest
employer; however charter boats are now the second largest, followed by head
boats and boating services. Of the 581 employees in the marine-related
recreation industry, 355 or 61.1 percent can be considered involved in basic
activity.
The division of employment between sectors for all other industries in the
county, according to the modified location quotient method described in the
previous section, appears in Table 7. Of the 29,822 employees* in Bay County,
11,363 have been classified as basic or export-oriented and 18,459 as nonbasic or
service-oriented. This division between sectors results in an economic base
employment multiplier of 2.62 according to equation (1).
Table 8 further classifies the basic employment by showing where the
demand originates that provides jobs within the county rather than merely
showing the type of establishment for which people are working. In addition to
the 355 basic marine recreation jobs, 387 motel jobs, 341 restaurant jobs, 113
service jobs and 126 government jobs are involved in marine recreation tourist
activity.
The 113 service employees are engaged in marine-oriented amusement
activity, and the 126 government workers are involved in the marine patrol and
other marine recreation activities. The motel and restaurant jobs were allocated
to marine recreation basic employment based on surveys of tourists to Bay
*This figure includes the 29,705 employees from the Bay County ESA-202 Annual
Summary who are covered by unemployment compensation plus an additional 117
uncovered marine recreation employees.
TABLE 7
DISTRIBUTION OF BASIC AND NONBASIC EMPLOYMENT
BY STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION
BAY COUNTY: 1978
Standard Employ- Location Non-
Industrial ClAssification ment Quotient Basic basic
Agriculture, Forestry, & Fishing:
Agricultural Production 4 .1 4
Agricultural Services 36 .1905 36
Forestry 27 1.896 27
Fishing, Hunting, Trapping 46 3.69 46
Mining:
Oil and Gas Extraction 50 11.22 50
Nonmetallic Minerals, Except Fuel 6 .077 6
Construction:
General Building Contractors 759 1.352 198 561
Heavy Construction Contractors 432 1.145 55 377
Special Trade Contractors 1006 1.386 280 726
Manufacturing:
Food and Kindred Products 127 .2402 127
Apparel Products 195. .5968 195
Lumber and Wood 460 2.277 460
Furniture and Fixtures 4 .0464 4
Paper and Allied Products 925 5.561 925
Printing and Publishing 203 .5695 203
Chemicals and Allied Products 254 1.061 254
Rubber and Misc. Plastics Products 146 1.043 146
Stone, Clay, Glass Products 275 1.447 275
Fabricated Metal Products 112 .3887 112
Machinery, except Electrical 256 1.0139 256
Electric and Electronic Equipment 15 .0337 15
Transportation Equipment 107 .2688 107
Instruments and Related Products 20 .1603 20
Miscellaneous Manufacturing 274 3.69 274
Transportation and Public Utilities:
Local and Interurban Passenger Transit 13 .2000 13
Trucking and Warehousing 282 .8085 282
U.S. Postal Service 177 a 177
Water Transportation 282 2.566 282
(Table 7 Continued)
Standard
Industrial Classification
Employ- Location
ment Quotient
Non-
Basic basic
Transportation By Air
Transportation Services
Communication
Electric, Gas, & Sanitary Services
Wholesale Trade:
Durable Goods
Nondurable Goods
Retail Trade:
Building Materials and Garden Supplies
General Merchandise Stores
Food Stores
Automotive Dealers and Service Stations
Apparel and Accessory Stores
Furniture and Home Furnishings
Eating and Drinking Places
Miscellaneous Retail
Finance, Insurance, Real Estate:
Banking
Credit Agencies Other Than Banks
Security, Commodity Brokers and Services
Insurance Carriers
Insurance Agents, & Brokers, & Service
Real Estate
Combined Real Estate, Insurance, Etc.
Holding & Other Investment Offices
Services:
Motel and Lodging Places
Personal Services
Business Services
Automotive Repair Services & Garages
Miscellaneous Repair Services
Motion Pictures
Amusement & Recreation Services
Health Services
Legal Services
Educational Services
Social Services
Membership Organizations
Miscellaneous Services
61
7
669
212
813
462
261
1374
1527
853
387
292
2414
863
350
207
12
231
121
514
6
13
1172
312
419
244
105
86
519
1782
99
2827
198
61
315
.0167
.0736
1.155
1.6563
1.4068
.668
1.319
1.5199
1.408
1.3043
1.143
1.295
1.686
1.166
.7130
.7034
.190
.564
.622
.7617
.735
.2526
b
.732
.423
.962
.869
1.354
1.005c
.760
.416
a
a
.410
a
90
84
235
63
470
442
199
48
67
982
123
1113
86
61
7
579
128
578
462
198
904
108)
654
339
225
1432
740
350
207
12
231
121
514
6
13
59
312
419
244
105
467 52
1782
99
396 2431
45 153
61
27 288
(Table 7 Continued)
Standard
Industrial Classification
Employ- Location
ment Quotient
Non-
Basic basic
Public Administration:
Executive, Legislative and General
Justice, Public Order and Safety
Finance, Taxation & Monetary Policy
Administration of Human Resources
Environmental Quality and Housing
Administration of Economic Programs
National Security
Marine Recreation
TOTAL ALL INDUSTRIES
29,822
.11,363 18,459
Sources: Florida Department of Labor and Employment Security and Computations
by authors.
aAll federal and state employment was classified as basic and local
government as non-basic.
bNinety-five percent of hotel business was assumed to be by non-
residents.
cData was adjusted as a result of examining employment data by
individual firm and telephone conversation with proprietors as
to source of business.
dEconomic base employment multiplier.
1024
161
68
245
198
185
1612
581
82
102
35
211
138
185
1612
355
942
59
33
34
60
0
0
226
TABLE 8
BAY COUNTY EMPLOYMENT ALLOCATED BY INDUSTRY
AND SOURCE OF DEMAND, 1978
Basic Activity
Sales to Other Nonbasic
Marine Sales to Activity
Recreation Non- Sales to Total
Industry Tourists Residents Residents Employed
Marine Recreationa 355 -- 226 581
Hotels and Motelsa 387 727 58 1172
Restaurants 341 641 1432 2414
Agriculture, Forestry, -- 73 40 113
Fisheries
Mining -- 50 6 56
Construction -- 533 1131 1664
Manufacturing -- 2590 783 3373
Transportation, Cor- -- 633 1070 1703
munication, Utilities
Wholesale and Retail -- 1647 5185 6832
Finance, Insurance, and -- 0 1454 1454
Real Estate
Services 113 908 5946 6967
Government 126 2239 1128 3493
ALL INDUSTRIES 1322 10041 18459 29822
Source: Interviews of marine-related recreation business owner-operators;
Florida Department of Labor and Employment Security, ESA 202 Bay
County Annual Summary; and Bay County Auto Survey, Division of
Tourism.
aThese industry categories' employment figures are reported
separately and not included in the nine major industrial categories
below.
County. During the last three quarters of 1977 and the first quarter of 1978,
34.7 percent of the respondents in the Bay County Auto Survey indicated that
fishing and boating was an important activity to them. Thus, 34.7 percent of the
total basic employment in the motel and restaurant categories was allocated to
marine recreation basic employment. Thus a minimum of 1,322 jobs can be
attributed to marine-related recreation basic activity.
Economic Impact of the Marine Recreation Industry
The marine recreation tourist industry directly employs at least 1,322
persons in Bay County. Multiplying this basic employment figure by the
economic base multiplier of 2.62 estimates an impact on total employment of
3,364 jobs. Thus, the 1,322 marine recreation jobs generate the need for an
additional 2,142 jobs throughout the Bay County economy. In other words, if Bay
County did not have a viable marine recreation industry, it would lose a total of
3,364 jobs, 1,322 marine recreation jobs as well as 2,142 jobs in other industries.
Viewed in this manner, the marine recreation industry assumes a great deal
of importance: 11 percent of total employment in Bay County. In fact, this
industry directly and indirectly accounts for only 259 fewer jobs than currently
exist in the manufacturing sector. It accounts for more jobs than the number
existing in each of the following industries: Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries;
Mining; Construction; Transportation, Communication, and Utilities; and
Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate.
The impact of basic marine recreation employment can also be measured in
terms of the income flow it generates to Bay County's economy. In the absence
of firm specific payroll data the authors used the average wage for the
appropriate Two-Digit Standard Industrial Classification Code as an estimate of
the average wages paid by each type of marine-related recreation business. The
average wage was multiplied by the basic employment in each marine recreation
60
category to estimate total wages paid by category. Table 9 shows that basic
marine recreation employment generates an estimated $7,329,994 of income flow
into Bay county.
TABLE 9
ESTIMATED ANNUAL PAYROLL OF BASIC
MARINE-RECREATION EMPLOYMENT
BAY COUNTY
Type of Establishment
(Two-digit SIC Code)
Basic
Employment
Boat Builders (37)
Boat Sales & Service (55)
Fishing & Diving Equipment
and Supplies (59)
Marinas (44)
Sportfishing Vessels
Motels (70)
Restaurants (58)
Services (79)
Government (95)
23.14
19.90
35.16
119.48
156.97
387
341
113
126
8153.36
9642.29
6405.40
8441.99
2891.00
4691.58
4108.17
6648.94
10,269.23
TOTAL
$ 188,669
191,882
225,214
1,008,649
453,800
1,815,641
1,400,886
751,330
1,293,923
$7,329,994
Source: Personal interviews of marine-recreation owner-operators and the
Bay County ESA-202 Reports, Annual Summary, Florida Department
of Labor and Employment Security, 1977.
aAverage wages (in 1977 dollars) for each type of establishment are the average
wages of the appropriate 2-digit Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Code.
Average
Wages
Total
Wages
PART 4: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This section of the report discusses the supply and demand relationships for
the marine-related recreation businesses, the condition and utilization of the
public marine recreation facilities, and recommendations for both the private
and public sectors of the marine recreation industry in Bay County.
Supply and Demand Relationships: Marine Recreation Businesses
An analysis of the mapped inventory (Figures 1-7), in combination with the
interviews of local business people, provides a qualitative indication of the supply
and demand relationships for the marine-related recreational industry in Bay
County. This section evaluates the relationship between supply and demand for
the various business categories, and attempts to locate possible "gaps" in the
county's marine industry.
Marinas. The present marina capacity in the county is not large enough to
meet the demands of both the local residents and the tourists. This is indicated
by nearly 100 percent slip usage rates for many of the county's marinas. The
problem does not appear to be one of too few marinas, rather, the existing
marinas are unable to expand. The reasons for this situation are twofold:
First, the returns for marine expansion are not as high as the returns
from other forms of investment available to marina operators. The
construction of boat slips is very costly and available area for
expansion is scarce.
Second the permitting procedures for slip expansion are not only time
consuming and cumbersome, but they must also be carefully
correlated with the loan process. Consequently, most marina owners
are not willing to make the effort marina expansion requires.
Boating Services. Owner-operators from nearly all establishment types felt
that there is an oversupply of boat dealerships in the county. Reasons for the
PART 4: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This section of the report discusses the supply and demand relationships for
the marine-related recreation businesses, the condition and utilization of the
public marine recreation facilities, and recommendations for both the private
and public sectors of the marine recreation industry in Bay County.
Supply and Demand Relationships: Marine Recreation Businesses
An analysis of the mapped inventory (Figures 1-7), in combination with the
interviews of local business people, provides a qualitative indication of the supply
and demand relationships for the marine-related recreational industry in Bay
County. This section evaluates the relationship between supply and demand for
the various business categories, and attempts to locate possible "gaps" in the
county's marine industry.
Marinas. The present marina capacity in the county is not large enough to
meet the demands of both the local residents and the tourists. This is indicated
by nearly 100 percent slip usage rates for many of the county's marinas. The
problem does not appear to be one of too few marinas, rather, the existing
marinas are unable to expand. The reasons for this situation are twofold:
First, the returns for marine expansion are not as high as the returns
from other forms of investment available to marina operators. The
construction of boat slips is very costly and available area for
expansion is scarce.
Second the permitting procedures for slip expansion are not only time
consuming and cumbersome, but they must also be carefully
correlated with the loan process. Consequently, most marina owners
are not willing to make the effort marina expansion requires.
Boating Services. Owner-operators from nearly all establishment types felt
that there is an oversupply of boat dealerships in the county. Reasons for the
apparent overinvestment in boating dealerships are not entirely clear. One
dealer expressed the opinion that the industry is a glamorous one, and this may
attract more investment than would normally be warranted for the expected
returns. Overzealous expectations of boat sales to tourists may also be a factor.
The market will weed out the more uncompetitive dealers, but in the meantime
there will be a good deal of instability in the industry. On the one hand, the
oversupply causes extreme competition among the dealerships which results in
savings to the boat purchasers. On the other hand, it contributes to an
unnecessary and inefficient dispersion of these businesses, which results in
increased travel costs to the prospective boat purchaser. When excessive
competition forces dealers out of the industry, problems such as increased
unemployment for mechanics and salespeople can occur. Since marinas often sell
boats as well, the excessive competition affects their ability to invest in new
slips for storage.
The miscellaneous boating supply stores and the boat repair shops have a
degree of competition, yet they are able to locate near one another without fear
of excessive price cutting to drive competition out of business. This is especially
true of the small boating repair shops, which depend in large degree on
reputation and return customers. In general, these businesses appear to provide a
supply commensurate with the demand for their services.
Fishermen's Supply Stores. The number of fishermen's supply
establishments appears to be consistent with the demand for their goods and
services. One gap in the industry may be in the area of Watson and Massalina
bayous, where no bait and tackle stores exist.
A major economic problem for the small fishing supply stores is the
relatively widespread availability of their goods. In some cases even gas stations
and drug stores have entered the bait and tackle sales market. Many of the
larger department stores can offer tackle at prices that are below cost, and the
goods act as a "loss leader", enticing customers to the store.
To alleviate the problems caused by the decentralization of bait and tackle
sales, the fishermen's supply stores strive for convenience for the customers by
locating near the recreational facilities that are the destination of fishermen.
Another response of the fishing supply stores to decentralization is to specialize
in services, particularly in rod and reel repair. This has proven effective. In
summary, the main competition in the fishing supply industry comes not from the
other bait and tackle shops, but from other stores offering bait and tackle as an
ancillary good.
Charter and Head Boats. There does not appear to be much room for entry
into the charter and head boat industry in Bay County. The number of vessels is
in part limited by the extent of the marine resources, which have been declining
in recent years. This decline is reflected, in part, by a decrease in the number of
chartered fishing trips into the Gulf of Mexico for many of the vessels (Gulf of
Mexico Fishery Management Council, 1978). In addition, higher fuel costs will
affect the fishing vessels in two ways. One, as fuel costs rise the charter and
head boat captains must charge more per boat or per person. This will tend to
decrease the number of customers they provide services for, because some
people will be unwilling to pay the extra costs. Two, rising fuel costs may tend
to decrease the number of trips to Bay County by tourists. As noted in Part 3,
the charter and head boats depend significantly on the out-of-county customer.
Dive Shops. The supply of dive shops in Bay County appears to be equal to
demand, both in terms of their overall numbers and with respect to their
location. Six dive shops provide enough equipment for the residents and tourists
to 'shop around', and their dispersion indicates that they are competitive.
Public Facilities
Public marine recreation facility development and maintenance affects n6t
only the users' participation and enjoyment, but it also provides an impetus to
growth in the marine recreation industries. For example, the location of a boat
ramp in an area with good access to fishing grounds might be conducive to the
establishment of a bait and tackle store or some other business. Public facilities
may also have a negative effect on business. Poor maintenance of an existing
boat ramp might lead to a decline in users and hence have a declivitous effect on
any marine-related business located nearby.
There were several problems mentioned by the marine-business
owners/operators regarding public facilities. The most frequent comment was
that there is an insufficient supply of facilities, in particular, public docking
facilities and boat ramps. The condition of existing facilities was also noted as
being inadequate. Attention to these problems could have a favorable impact on
the county's economy.
Several special problems are outlined below. These are areas of immediate
need, and they should be given priority attention by decision makers.
Mexico Beach Canal. Mexico Beach, located along the coast in
southeastern Bay County, is a small community with approximately 88 year-
round residents. For the past ten years there has been a problem concerning a
canal which services three marinas and provides the primary tourist attraction in
the area. Continuous dredging of the mouth of the canal is needed to keep the
canal open. Beach renourishment efforts are also needed to lessen the
exacerbating affects caused by dredging efforts and jetty placement. The town
of Mexico Beach cannot afford the cost of the continual maintenance, but at
present the only assistance the town has received has been a gratuitous
acknowledgement of the canal problem by local, state, and federal governments.
A Coastal Plains Regional Commission survey (1979) indicated that of the
thirty-one businesses located in Mexico Beach, all reported that over 50 percent
of their gross sales resulted from tourist. activities. Eighteen indicated that
tourist expenditures were responsible for 90-100 percent of their gross sales.
The economic base of the community is clearly dependent on marine-recreation
activities, and in particular from the boating opportunities provided by the canal.
Town citizens and local officials have contacted numerous federal, state
and local agencies for funding for. the canal maintenance and beach
renourishment. The city has allocated money yearly to help alleviate the
problem, while local citizens have provided a work force for dredging activities.
Nonetheless, studies and recommendations have produced no positive result. The
potential for Mexico Beach is significant given that the canal can assume a 100
percent, year-round utilization. The economic stability of a community should
not be contingent upon the political influence of its local officials or on the
verbal and technical dexterity of its citizens. Additional interest should be
directed towards the Mexico Beach canal.
Boat Ramps. No problem area was cited more frequently than the need to
repair and maintain the county's existing boat ramps. Apparently funding
problems have caused the boat ramps to, be ignored by local decision makers.
This is being rectified, but the boat ramps need immediate attention because
they pose, in some cases, a safety problem to those who use them.
It is difficult to measure the impact that.improved boat ramps would have
on the marine recreation economy in the county. Nonetheless, it is a problem
that is recognized by business people from every category identified in the
inventory. Thus, it appears that the effect of improving the county's ramps
would be more than localized. This problem is clearly a case of public facility
upgrading that will have a positive effect on the private sector, possibly to the
point of spurring employment in the marine-related businesses.
Among the ramps mentioned most frequently as needing repair were those
at Carl Gray Park, Lynn Haven, Martin Lake, and St. Andrews State Recreation
area.
Artificial Reefs. The Bay County area is known for its sportfishing
opportunities; however, a decline in the Gulf's fish stock has been noticed in
recent years. Although additional research into the alternatives to natural
regeneration of the fish stock is needed, artificial reefs present a relatively quick
solution to the problem of the declining fish population. Artificial reefs act as
both an attractor and as a breeding instigator for many fish species. These reefs
also provide an excellent opportunity for the recreational divers in the area.
Unfortunately, there is an undersupply of artificial reefs in Bay County's
waters. Conflicts between the sportsfishermen, commercial fishermen, and
recreational divers have been reported. The Panama City Marine Institute
carries out reef construction and placement. However, sporadic public and
private funding has limited extensive reef construction and maintenance.
Additional reef construction, as well as a reef allocation system between user
groups, would both minimize existing conflicts and maximize economic benefits
to the county.
Recommendations
Industry Organization. Many of the problems of the marine recreation
industry in Bay County are the responsibility of the private marine-related
recreation businesses. The industry is highly fragmented, and as a result most of
the industry's problems remain unarticulated to local decision makers. To
alleviate this problem the marine-related recreation businesses should realize the
breadth of the interrelationships within the industry. All of the businesses
identified in this report are an integral part of a diverse industry. Both the
individual businesses and the Bay County economy as a whole would benefit from
an organization designed to promote the future development of the marine
recreation industry. In addition to alerting public decision makers to the
industry's special needs and problems, the organization could sponsor a variety of
special events benefiting both local residents and tourists, such as boat races,
skiing events, and fishing tournaments. It could also raise money to support the
construction of artificial reefs.
Countywide Marine Recreation Plan. A countywide marine recreation plan
is recommended to incorporate marine recreation and tourism goals into an
overall economic development plan. Such a plan would provide cohesiveness to
the marine recreation industry on a policy level. At present, incremental
decisions are being made that may have deleterious impacts on the marine
recreation industry.
At a minimim, the county plan should address the following:
o Methods of alleviating the severity of economic fluctuations in the
industry during the winter season;
e The feasibility of planning an intensive marine recreation community
in the St. Andrews area, which can be publicized as both an historic
and scenic area, with many recreational opportunities for the resident
and tourist;
o Providing public funds to those public facilities that have the most
impact on marine recreation in the county. Each public facility
should be evaluated in terms of its potential economic impact on the
marine recreation industry. This process would allow public funds to
be more efficiently allocated; and
a The likely impact of gasoline shortages and price increases on the
economic health of the county's marine recreation industry.
The ideal situation would be to incorporate this plan into the Bay County
Comprehensive Plan. Cooperation between county decision makers, residents,
and the private sector is necessary to attain a workable comprehensive marine
recreation plan that addresses in a meaningful way the needs of Bay County.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Berry, Brian. Geography of Market Centers and Retail Distribution. (Englewood
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Blumenfeld, Hans. The Economic Base of the Metropolis. Journal of the
American Institute of Planners. (Fall, 1955), p. 119-120.
Browder, Joan. Study of the Structure and Economics of the Recreational
Paying-Passenger Fisheries of the Florida Gulf Coast and Keys, from
Pensacola to Key West. NOAA Final Report (Southeast Fisheries Center,
NMFS: September, 1978).
Brown, E.E. and F.J. Holmes. An Economic Analysis of Georgia's Marine Charter
Boat Fishing Industry. Marine Fisheries Review. Vol. 37, No. 4 (1975), p.
11-12.
Bureau of Economic Analysis. Bay County Economic Analysis. Florida
Department of Commerce (April, 1978).
Bureau of Research and Statistics Annual Summary. ESA 202 Reports. Florida
Department of Labor and Employment Security, 1978.
Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife. 1970 National Survey of Fishing and
Hunting. (Washington, D.C.: USGPO, 1972).
Centaur Management Consultants, Inc. Economic Activity Associated with
Marine Recreational Fishing. NMFS, Contract No. 6-35195. (1977).
Ditton, Robert B., Richard N. Jarman, and Steve A. Woods. An Analysis of the
Charter Boat Fishing Industry on the Texas Gulf Coast. Marine Fisheries
Review. Volume 40, No. 8 (August, 1978), p. 1-7.
Division of Tourism. Bay County Auto Survey. Florida Department of
Commerce. (1978).
Garrison, Charles B. The Impact of New Industry: An Application of the
Economic Base Multiplier to Small Rural Areas. Land Economics.
(November, 1972), p. 329-337.
Gordon, D., P.W. Chapman, and T.C. Bjornn. Economic Evaluations of Sport
Fisheries--What Do They Mean? Transactions of the American Fisheries
Society. Volume 102 (1973), p. 293-311.
Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council. Reef Fish Advisory Panel and
Management Team Meeting. April 8, 1979.
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1960).
Isserman, Andrew M. The Location Quotient Approach to Estimating Regional
Economic Impacts. Journal of the American Institute of Planners.
(January, 1977), p. 33-41.
Isserman, Andrew M. "Regional Employment Multiplier: A New Approach"
(Comment). Land Economics. (August, 1975), p. 290-293.
Leigh, R. The Use of Location Quotients in Urban Economic Base Studies. Land
Economics. (May, 1970), p. 202-205.
Lloyd, Peter and Peter Dicken. Location in Space: A Theoretical Approach to
Economic Geography. (New York: Harper and Row, 1977).
Mathew, Vinay and Harvey Rosen. Regional Employment Multiplier: A New
Approach. Land Economics. (February, 1964), p. 93-96.
Miller, Sarah 3. Coastal Plains Regional Commission Survey. On file with the
Florida Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, 1979.
National Marine Fisheries Service. The 1970 Saltwater Angling Survey.
(Washington, D.C.: USGPO, 1972).
North, Ronald M. Economic Values for Marine Recreational Fisheries. Marine
Recreational Fisheries. (Sportfishing Institute, Washington, D.C.: 197-6, p.
37-52.
Nourse, H. Regional Economics. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1968).
Pfister, R. On Improving Export Base Studies. Regional Science Perspectives.
(1976), p. 104-106.
Sutherland, Doyle. Estimated Average Daily Instantaneous Numbers of
Recreational and Commercial Fishermen and Boaters in the St. Andrew Bay
System, Florida and Adjacent Coastal Waters, 1973. NOAA Technical
Report NMFS SSRF-724. (May 1978).
Tiebout, Charles. The Community Economic Base. (New York: Committee for
Economic Development, 1962).
APPENDIX 1
MARINE-RELATED BUSINESS INVENTORY*
Marinas (Figure 1)
1. Seapath Marina
Hwy. 77
Lynn Haven
2. Val's Bayside Marina
6325 Big Daddy Dr.
Panama City Beach
3. Holiday Lodge Marina
6400 W. Hwy. 98
Panama City Beach
4. Sun Harbor Lodge and Marina
5505 W. Hwy. 98
Panama City Beach
5. St. Andrews Marina
3000 W. 10th St.
Panama City
6. Panama City Marina Services
I Harrison Avenue
Panama City
7. Ethridge Marina
112-A 3rd. Ct.
Massalina Bayou
8. Harby Marina
1051 E. Hwy. 98
Panama City
9. Gulf Marina
1500 E. 5th
Panama City
10. Snug Harbor
1830 E. 5th St.
Panama City
11. B & W Pier 98 Marina
5904 E. Hwy. 98
Parker
12. Treasure Island Marina
3605 Thomas Dr.
Panama City Beach
13. Passport Marina
5323 N. Lagoon Dr.
Panama City Beach
14. Anderson's Marina
5500 N. Lagoon Dr.
Panama City
15. Mexico Beach Marina
Mexico Beach
16. Marquardt's Marina
Mexico Beach
17. Hide-a-Way Harbor Marina
Mexico Beach
18. Tarpon Dock Marina
Beach Drive
Massalina Bayou
*Businesses are listed by figure key numbers. (Refer to figures in text.)
Boating Services (Figure 2)
1. ABC Trailer Repairs
Hwy. 77
Lynn Haven
2. Gibbs Marine Services
520 Ohio Avenue
Lynn Haven
3. Queen Craft Inc.
3615 Calhoun Avenue
Panama City
4. Piranha Marine
511 E. 23rd St.
Panama City
5. Marshall Marine
E. Hwy 22
Springfield
6. Walker Boatworkers
7516 Walker Dr.
Panama City
7. 3oe"s Boat Repairs
Hwy. 22 & Comet Avenue
Callaway
8. The Boating Center
5615 E. Hwy. 22
Panama City
9. East Bay Marine
305 S. Tyndall Pkwy.
Panama City
10. P-C Marine
6001 E. Hwy 98
Parker
11. Davis Boat Repair
410 East Park St.
Parker
12. Parker Marine
1012 W. Park
Parker
13. Bay Marine and Propeller Co.
119 N. Church Avenue
Panama City
14. Sherman's Shipyard
11 N. College Avenue
Panama City
15. Seafood Specialist Boatworks
Sherman Avenue
Panama City
16. Austin Machine Works
2501 E. Business Hwy. 98
Panama City
17. Paul's Marine Repair
City Marina
Panama City
18. Tibbet's Boatworks
305 E. Beach Dr.
Panama City
19. Rich's Marine
618 Jencks Avenue
Panama City
20. 3 & L Marine Supply
1107 Beck Avenue
Panama City
21. International Outboard Parts
1310 Beck Avenue
Panama City
22. Mar-K Marine Services
1604 Louise Avenue
Panama City
23. A-i Marine Inc.
5601 W. Hwy 98
Panama City
24. Charles' Marine Services
5505 W. Hwy 98
Panama City
25. Brigg's Marine Repair
100 Thomas Drive
Panama City Beach
26. 3.3.'s Marine Service
and Custom Engineering
2505 Thomas Drive
Panama City Beach
27. The Sailor's Supply Co.
5323 N. Lagoon Dr.
Panama City Beach
28. Panama City Sailing Center
3608 Biltmore Dr.
Panama City Beach
Fishermen's Supplies (Figure 3)
1. Deer Haven Bait and Tackle
E. Hwy 77-A
Lynn Haven
2. Libby's Fishing Supplies
Hwy. 77
Panama City
3. Deerpoint Dam Bait and Tackle
Deerpoint Lake Dam
4. Howell Tackle
510 Tennessee Avenue
Lynn Haven
Brannon and Son
2537 St. Andrews Blvd.
Panama City
6. Richard's Bait and Tackle
2211 Hwy 231
7. Fisher-Stinson Hardware Co.
756 Airport Dr.
Panama City
8. The Tackle Box
4204 W. 23rd St.
Panama City
9. Bell Tackle
1315 Beck Avenue
Panama City
10. Gandy and Sons...
1122 Beck Avenue
Panama City
11. Brannon's Seafood
2824 E. 1st Ct.
Panama City
12. Pilcher Bait and Tackle
4612 Hwy. 22
Springfield
13. Leon's Bait and Tackle
Hwy. 22
Springfield
14. R & H Sporting Variety
and Grocery
6240 E. Hwy 98
Parker
15. The Fishook #3
Hwy. 98 (near jetties at
St. Andrews State Park)
16. The Fishook #2
Hwy. 98 (near entrance
to St. Andrews State Park)
17. Roy's Corner
Grand Lagoon and Thomas Dr.
Panama City Beach
18. Half-Hitch Tackle and
Marine Supplies
3104 Thomas Drive
Panama City Beach
19. Billy Boy's Bait and Tackle
3016 Thomas Drive
Panama City Beach
20. Holley's Gulf and Beach Supply
7103 W. Hwy. 98
Panama City Beach
21. The Fishook #1
16101 Hwy. 98
Panama City
22. West Bay Fish Market
Hwy. 79
West Bay
23. Cain's Fishermen's Catch
Phillips Inlet
Charter Boats (Figure 4)
i. Holiday Lodge Marina
6400 W. Hwy. 98
Panama City Beach
Sweet Thing
Miss Dawn
Marian II
Osprey
2. Anderson's Marina
5500 N. Lagoon Dr.
Panama City
Big Daddy
Big Daddy II
Sea Hawk
Skipper
Barracuda
Capt. Buck
Billy Joe
Capt. Lee
Fu Lin Yu II
Kingfisher
Capt. Joe Bishop
Sea Foam
Sonny Boy
A.R. Holley
The Hobo
Sea Horse
Genie
Nauti Lady
Crosswinds
Nick-Nack
Poseidon
Capt. Glenn
Daphne D
3. Treasure Island Marina
3605 Thomas Dr.
Panama City Beach
Miss Nell
Wendi
Duchess
Ruthie
Calypso
Pixie P
Shell Back
Afternoon Delight
4. Bay Point Yacht Club (private)
Lady M Too
Lucky Day
5. St. Andrews Marina
3000 W. 10th St.
Panama City
Davy Jones
Miss Penny
Capt. Sparkie
Kelly Girl
Capt. Sandy
Crosswind III
Fisherman
Capt. Bill
Skipjack
Capt. Sandy II
Booby Two
Pastime
Victory Morn
A.R. Holley
Smith Yacht Basin
Capt. Bert
Bandit
The Hooker
Bonita
Scorpio II
Head Boats (Figure 5)
1. Holiday Lodge Marina
Holiday Queen
2. Anderson's Marina
Capt. Anderson III
Capt. Anderson IX
Capt. Anderson X
Judy Beth
S.W. Anderson
3. Treasure Island Marina
Florida Fisherman
Florida Girl
4. St. Andrews Marina
San Queen
Ocean Queen
New Dixie Queen
Gemini Queen
Florida Queen
Star Queen
Divers' Equipment and Supplies (Figure 6)
1. C & G Sporting Goods
137 Harrison Avenue
Panama City
2. Old Timer's Diver Supply
4400 West Hwy 98
Panama City
3. Hydrospace International
3605 Thomas Drive
Panama City Beach
4. The Pro Divers' Shop
1218 Beck Avenue
Panama City
5. C & G Sporting Goods
Panama City Mall
6. The Divers' Den
4700 East Hwy. 98
Parker
77
APPENDIX 2
PUBLIC MARINE RECREATION FACILITIES AND BOAT RAMPS*
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Fanning Bayou Boat Ramp
McKenzie Road Boat Ramp
A.L. Kinsaul Park
Boat Ramp
Mill Bayou Park
Danley Street Boat Ramp
Frank Nelson Junior Park
Carl Gray Park
Boat Ramp
Lake Huntingdon Park
DOT Wayside Park
St. Andrews Boat Ramp
J.R. Asbell Memorial Park
Boat Ramp
Watson Bayou Park
Boat Ramp
Sudduth Park
Boat Ramp
*Facilities are listed by Figure 7 key numbers. (Refer to figure in text.)
19. Cove Terrace Park
20. Adams Memorial Park
21. Callaway Community Park
22. Circle Drive Boat Ramp
23. Mexico Beach Pier
24. Mexico Beach Park
25. St. Andrews Bay State
Aquatic Preserve
26. St. Andrews State
Recreation Area
27. Boat Ramp
28. Boat Ramp
29. Boat Ramp
30. Boat Ramp
31. Dolphin Street Boat Ramp
32. Safari Street Boat Ramp
33. Panama City Beach Pier
34. Boat Ramp
35. Lake Powell Recreation Area
36. Boat Ramp
APPENDIX 3
BAY COUNTY MARINE BUSINESS INTERVIEW SCHEDULE
NOTE: This questionnaire is confidential. Data recorded will not be reported
for individual businesses.
Interview I.D. No.
Name of Business
Location of Business
Owner
Telephone
1. Please describe briefly the major products or services of your
establishment.
2. What is your estimate of your establishment's gross sales for 1978? (All
responses confidential)
3. What percentage of your gross sales in 1978 were for saltwater purposes?
%; for recreational purposes? 6%.
4. In your best estimate, what percentage of your 1978 sales were sold to
customers from outside of Bay County? %
5. Of the total sales to customers outside of Bay County (question 4), what
percentage was sold to:
a. Tourist (in Bay County for recreational purposes) %
b. Other customers 6%
6. What is your. average number of employees (excluding yourself) for the
periods:
a. December to February
b. March to May
c. June to August
d. September to November
7. a. How long have you been in this type of business?
b. How long has your.business been at its present location?
8. a. How did you decide to locate your business at its present location?
(information sources, rationality, etc.)
8. b. (If 7b is different from 7a) Where was your business previously
located? Why did you decide to relocate?
9. What other type of business could you operate at this location?
10. What businesses are your four most important competitors?
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
11. If you wanted to move to another location in Bay County, would there be
any obstacles (such as land prices or taxes, etc.) that might prevent you
from changing your business' location?
12. How did the location of similar, but non-competitive businesses or
amusements affect your decision to locate at your present site?
13. How important were these factors in choosing your business location?
a. Nearness to beach
Not at all
Somewhat
A great deal
b. Nearness to recreational facilities other than the beach
Not at all
Somewhat
A great deal
c. Bridges
Not at all
Somewhat
A great deal
d. Easy access for customers
Not at all
Somewhat
A great deal
e. Cheap land prices relative to your sales expectations
Not at all
Somewhat
A great deal
14. To what extent did a competitor's location enter into your decision to
locate at your present site? Did you try to locate away from, or close to, a
competitor? Why?
15. How might the local government, Chamber of Commerce, Planning
Department, etc. help your establishment (street improvements, publicity,
etc.)?
16. Are there any other factors you evaluated when you located your business?
17. Where do you feel the best location is for your type of business in the
county? (Please be specific.) Is there already another establishment
similar to yours in that area? If not, why don't you move there?
18. Is there an oversupply of any marine recreation businesses in Bay County?
19. Is there an oversupply or undersupply of any public facilities relating to
marine recreation in Bay County?
State University System of Florida Technical Papers are published by the
Marine Advisory Program which functions as a component of the Florida
Cooperative Extension Service, John T. Woeste, Dean, in conducting Cooperative
Extension work in Agriculture, Home Economics, and Marine Sciences, State of
Florida, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Commerce, and
Boards of County Commissioners, cooperating. Printed and distributed in
furtherance of the Acts of Congress of May 8 and June 14, 1914. The Florida
Sea Grant College is an Equal Employment Opportunity-Affirmative Action
Employer authorized to provide research, educational information and other
services only to individuals and institutions that function without regard to
race, color, sex or national origin.
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