| | Title Page |
| | Letter from President Ayub Khan... |
| | Membership of the White House -... |
| | Preface |
| | Foreword |
| | Table of Contents |
| | List of Illustrations |
| | List of Tables |
| | List of maps |
| | Summary |
| | The problem |
| | Technical means of achieving increased... |
| | A plan of action |
| | Organization and management for... |
| | Economic appraisal of the agricultural... |
| | Productivity increases from further... |
| | Hydrology |
| | Research and education |
| | Bibliography |
| | Potential evapotranspiration estimates... |
| | Quantity of water needed for salinity... |
| | Reserves of natural gas in West... |
| | Response of agricultural yields... |
| | Areas of further research for assessing... |
| | Outline of research needed for... |
|
| Full Citation |
| Material Information |
| |
Title: |
Report on land and water development in the Indus Plain. |
| |
Alternate Title: |
Land and water development in the Indus Plain. |
| |
Physical Description: |
3, xviii, 454 p. illus., maps (5 fold in pocket) 27 cm. |
| |
Language: |
English |
| |
Creator: |
White House Office Department of Interior Panel on Waterlogging and Salinity in West Pakistan |
| |
Publisher: |
U.S. Government Printing Office |
| |
Publication Date: |
1964 |
| Subjects |
| |
Subjects / Keywords: |
Farming ( lcsh ) Agriculture ( lcsh ) Farm life ( lcsh ) Water resources development -- Indus River Valley ( lcsh ) Land -- Pakistan; Indus Valley ( lcsh ) |
| |
Spatial Coverage: |
Asia -- Pakistan -- Indus Plain |
| Notes |
| |
General Note: |
Bibliography: p. 376-407. |
| |
Funding: |
Electronic resources created as part of a prototype UF Institutional Repository and Faculty Papers project by the University of Florida. |
| Record Information |
| |
Bibliographic ID: |
UF00053881 |
| |
Volume ID: |
VID00001 |
| |
Source Institution: |
University of Florida |
| |
Holding Location: |
University of Florida |
| |
Rights Management: |
All rights reserved by the source institution and holding location. |
| |
Resource Identifier: |
notis - ocm0182 |
|
| Table of Contents |
|
Title Page
Title Page
Letter from President Ayub Khan of Pakistan to President Johnson of the United States
Unnumbered ( 2 )
Membership of the White House - Department of the Interior: Panel on waterlogging and salinity in West Pakistan
Unnumbered ( 3 )
Preface
Page i
Page ii
Page iii
Page iv
Foreword
Page v
Page vi
Table of Contents
Page vii
Page viii
Page ix
Page x
Page xi
Page xii
List of Illustrations
Page xiii
Page xiv
List of Tables
Page xv
Page xvi
Page xvii
List of maps
Page xviii
Summary
Page 1
Page 2
Page 3
A plan of action
Page 4
Page 5
Page 6
Potential increases in agricultural output
Page 7
Page 8
Page 9
Estimated costs
Page 10
Page 11
The water budget
Page 12
Page 13
Page 14
Water development
Page 15
Organization and management
Page 16
Research and development
Page 17
Page 18
The problem
Page 19
Introduction
Page 19
Page 20
The land
Page 21
Page 22
Land forms
Page 23
Page 24
Areas of easily culturable land
Page 25
Page 26
The water
Page 27
Weather and climate
Page 27
Average annual rainfall
Page 27
Average seasonal rainfall
Page 28
Effective precipitation
Page 28
Variations in rainfall from year to year
Page 29
Temperature
Page 29
Humidity
Page 30
Potential evapotranspiration
Page 30
Floods and flood damage
Page 31
River and canal waters
Page 32
Page 33
The people
Page 34
Size of the present population
Page 34
Page 35
Observed and projected rates of population growth
Page 36
Age distribution
Page 37
Density of population and rate of increase in different regions
Page 37
Proportion of rural and urban populations
Page 38
Education
Page 38
Agriculture - Land, water, and people in combination
Page 38
Agriculture in Pakistan's economy
Page 38
Proportion of farm production in different regions
Page 39
Food and other crops
Page 40
Food and money values
Page 40
Growing seasons and water requirements
Page 40
Cropping pattern and productivity
Page 41
Effect of irrigation
Page 42
Livestock and poultry
Page 42
Variability in production, acreage under cultivation, and yield
Page 43
The pattern of land use
Page 43
Page 44
Changes in gross sown area with time
Page 45
Marketing and prices
Page 46
Page 47
Storage and transportation
Page 48
Credit
Page 48
The state of agriculture and the people's food supply
Page 49
Page 50
Page 51
Page 52
Other needs for agricultural expansion
Page 53
Comparison of crop yields with those of other countries
Page 54
The problem of waterlogging and salinity
Page 55
Page 56
Page 57
Waterlogging and salinity in former Bahawalpur
Page 58
Waterlogging and salinity in former Sind
Page 59
Page 60
Page 61
Total areas of waterlogged and severely saline land
Page 62
Effects on agriculture production
Page 62
Future trends of waterlogging and salinity
Page 63
The problem of agriculture
Page 64
Page 65
Page 66
Page 67
Page 68
Page 69
Page 70
Page 71
Page 72
Page 73
Page 74
Page 75
Page 76
Page 77
Page 78
Page 79
Page 80
Page 81
Page 82
Page 83
Page 84
Page 85
Page 86
Page 87
Page 88
Page 89
Page 90
Page 91
Page 92
Page 93
Page 94
Page 95
Technical means of achieving increased agricultural production
Page 96
Increasing crop yields on land now under cultivation
Page 96
More irrigation water and its proper allocation to the land
Page 97
Water management and salinity control
Page 97
Page 98
Page 99
Greater use of commercial fertilizers
Page 100
Page 101
Recent and planned use of nitrogen fertilizers
Page 102
Phosphate fertilizer
Page 103
Page 104
Page 105
Page 106
Greater use of pest control
Page 107
Improved seed
Page 107
Greater utilization of salt-tolerant crops
Page 108
Better cultivation tools and practices, and more efficient bullocks
Page 109
Expansion of agricultural research and education
Page 109
Further agricultural diversification
Page 110
Increasing production by reclaiming deteriorated or abandoned saline land
Page 111
Page 112
Page 113
The principle interaction
Page 114
Schedule for increasing production
Page 115
Page 116
Page 117
Page 118
Page 119
Page 120
Page 121
Page 122
Page 123
Page 124
Page 125
Page 126
Page 127
Page 128
A plan of action
Page 129
The need for a reorientation of effort
Page 129
Concentration on a series of limited project areas
Page 130
Size of the project areas
Page 131
Timing
Page 131
Hopeful factors
Page 132
Difficulties and problems
Page 133
Land tenure and farm fragmentation
Page 133
Inadequacy of irrigation water
Page 134
Difficulty of drainage
Page 134
Lack of development in other sectors so the economy
Page 134
Necessary conditions for the success of the plan
Page 135
Support by the provincial government
Page 135
Communication with the farmers
Page 135
Motivation of the farmers
Page 136
Page 137
Problems of heterogeneity
Page 138
Administration
Page 138
Selection of the project areas in the former Punjab
Page 139
Page 140
Page 141
Project areas in the former Sind
Page 142
The factors of production
Page 142
Water for irrigation
Page 142
Page 143
Page 144
Fertilizer
Page 145
Page 146
Page 147
Improved seeds
Page 148
Pest control and plant protection
Page 149
Improved practices
Page 150
Intensifying agricultural production
Page 150
The frontline services
Page 150
Page 151
Trials of different methods for introducing innovation
Page 152
Data collection and analysis
Page 153
Agriculture credit, insurance, and storage
Page 153
Page 154
Page 155
Page 156
Schedule of activities
Page 157
First year
Page 157
Second year
Page 157
Third year
Page 157
Fourth year
Page 158
Financing and staffing
Page 158
Page 159
Page 160
Page 161
Page 162
Page 163
Page 164
Page 165
Page 166
Organization and management for development in project areas
Page 167
General considerations
Page 167
Page 168
Public administration background
Page 169
Reform
Page 170
Page 171
The administrative environment of project operations
Page 172
Water
Page 173
Agriculture
Page 174
Local institutions
Page 175
Inventory of administrative implications
Page 176
Tubewell operational investigations
Page 176
Integration of tubewell and canal water supplies
Page 176
Soil reclamation and optimum use of irrigation water
Page 177
Technical aid to farmers
Page 177
Research and experimentation
Page 177
Agricultural supplies and credit
Page 178
Relation to provincial and national planning
Page 178
Role of the basic democracies
Page 178
Record and reporting
Page 178
The project director
Page 179
The policy making board
Page 179
Recommendations on organization and management
Page 179
Use of the soil reclamation board
Page 180
Reconstitution of the board
Page 180
Powers of the board
Page 180
Executive officers of the board
Page 181
The project director
Page 181
Deputation for departments of agriculture and irrigation
Page 181
Relations with the department of agriculture and irrigation
Page 182
Agreement with other agencies
Page 182
Organization of the project administration
Page 182
Problems of trained personnel
Page 183
Coordination of project areas
Page 183
Financing
Page 183
Long range goals
Page 184
Economic appraisal of the agricultural modernization plan
Page 185
Prospects for the former punjab
Page 185
Benefits from tubewell water
Page 185
Page 186
Page 187
Page 188
Page 189
Page 190
Page 191
Page 192
Page 193
Benefits from the agricultural improvement
Page 194
Page 195
Page 196
Page 197
Page 198
Recapitulation for an illustrative project area
Page 199
Possible total production increases in the former Punjab and former Bahawalpur
Page 200
Marketing, credit, and organizational problems
Page 201
Page 202
Prospects in former Sind
Page 203
Possible effects of reorientation toward a market economy
Page 203
Page 204
Page 205
Page 206
Page 207
Page 208
Page 209
Page 210
Possible economic benefits from tubewell water
Page 211
Page 212
Page 213
Page 214
Page 215
Page 216
Page 217
Page 218
Page 219
Page 220
Page 221
Page 222
Page 223
Page 224
Page 225
Page 226
Page 227
Page 228
Page 229
Page 230
Page 231
Productivity increases from further agricultural diversification
Page 232
Increasing animal protein production
Page 233
Livestock alternatives
Page 233
Page 234
Page 235
Page 236
Page 237
Poultry alternatives
Page 238
Page 239
Page 240
Fresh water fish alternatives
Page 241
Page 242
Page 243
Page 244
Other diversification alternatives
Page 245
Fruit, vegetable, and specialty crops
Page 246
Forest products
Page 247
Dairy products
Page 247
Page 248
Diversification and the West Pakistan farmer
Page 249
Page 250
Summary of possibilities for diversification
Page 251
Page 252
Page 253
Page 254
Page 255
Page 256
Hydrology
Page 257
Introduction
Page 257
General features of the hydrological regime
Page 258
Page 259
Waterlogging and salinity
Page 260
Page 261
Page 262
Page 263
Page 264
Hydrologic and soil parameters used in the water budget
Page 265
Runoff and reservoir storage-yield relations
Page 266
Page 267
Water budget for future development
Page 268
Limitations of surface and subsurface drainage
Page 269
First level of development
Page 269
Page 270
Page 271
Page 272
Page 273
Page 274
Page 275
Page 276
Page 277
Page 278
Page 279
Page 280
Page 281
Page 282
Page 283
Page 284
Second level of development
Page 285
Page 286
Page 287
Summary of water budget
Page 288
Hydrological factors relating to the selection of the optimal size of project areas
Page 289
Lateral infiltration of groundwater into project areas from unpumped lands
Page 290
Computer solutions of groundwater flow problems
Page 291
Analogue computer studies of effects of pumping in projected areas
Page 292
Analysis of a modeled a ten-mile strip of aquifer
Page 292
Analysis of a model of a five hundred-well project in Chaj Doab
Page 293
Page 294
Problems in regions having excessive salinity in soil and groundwater
Page 295
Page 296
Tubewell operation in skimming a shallow layer of fresh water from a deep layer of saline water
Page 297
Page 298
Page 299
Page 300
Rate of increase of groundwater salinity
Page 301
Page 302
Page 303
Page 304
Page 305
Digital computer simulation of the hydro-agronomic regime
Page 306
Page 307
Page 308
Computer program for the multiwell model
Page 309
Page 310
Page 311
Investigations with the multiwell model
Page 312
Page 313
Effect of pumping in tubewell fields of different size
Page 314
Page 315
Analysis of effects of tubewell pumping on water tables in salinity control and reclamation project number 1 in Rechna Doab
Page 316
Page 317
Page 318
Tubewell - Field design considerations
Page 319
Page 320
Page 321
Page 322
Economic analysis of mining of groundwater in the northern plain
Page 323
Page 324
Economic analysis of spacing of tubewells in the northern plain
Page 325
Costs of tubewell systems in former sind
Page 325
Relative cost of tubewell water and regulated water from surface storage
Page 326
Lining of canals with sealants
Page 327
Hydrological research
Page 327
Mona pilot project
Page 328
Water table variations
Page 328
Vertical permeability and groundwater recharge
Page 328
Tubewell construction
Page 329
Vertical variation of groundwater quality
Page 329
Canal leakage and control
Page 330
Water quality effects on soil properties
Page 330
Monomolecular films for evapotranspiration reduction
Page 331
Conclusion
Page 331
Page 332
Page 333
Page 334
Page 335
Page 336
Page 337
Page 338
Page 339
Page 340
Page 341
Page 342
Page 343
Page 344
Page 345
Page 346
Page 347
Page 348
Page 349
Page 350
Page 351
Page 352
Page 353
Page 354
Page 355
Page 356
Page 357
Page 358
Page 359
Page 360
Page 361
Page 362
Page 363
Research and education
Page 364
Program monitoring and evaluation
Page 365
Socio-economic research
Page 366
Page 367
Page 368
Page 369
Population research
Page 370
Physical-biological research
Page 370
Agricultural research
Page 370
Plants for special environments
Page 371
Methods of cultivation
Page 371
Agricultural implements
Page 372
Performance and design studies
Page 373
Canal linings and sealants
Page 373
Recharge of aquifer
Page 373
Education and training
Page 374
Page 375
Bibliography
Page 376
Page 377
Page 378
Page 379
Page 380
Page 381
Page 382
Page 383
Page 384
Page 385
Page 386
Page 387
Page 388
Page 389
Page 390
Page 391
Page 392
Page 393
Page 394
Page 395
Page 396
Page 397
Page 398
Page 399
Page 400
Page 401
Page 402
Page 403
Page 404
Page 405
Page 406
Page 407
Potential evapotranspiration estimates for West Pakistan, by W. E. Hiatt
Page 408
Page 409
Page 410
Page 411
Page 412
Quantity of water needed for salinity control, by C. A. Bower and R. C. Reeve
Page 413
Page 414
Reserves of natural gas in West Pakistan
Page 415
Page 416
Response of agricultural yields to water in Punjab, by R. Dorfman
Page 417
Page 418
Page 419
Page 420
Page 421
Page 422
Page 423
Page 424
Page 425
Page 426
Page 427
Page 428
Page 429
Page 430
Page 431
Page 432
Page 433
Page 434
Page 435
Page 436
Page 437
Areas of further research for assessing livestock alternatives in Pakistan
Page 438
Page 439
Page 440
Page 441
Page 442
Outline of research needed for agricultural development in West Pakistan
Page 443
Page 444
Page 445
Page 446
Page 447
Page 448
Page 449
Page 450
Page 451
Page 452
Page 453
Page 454
Page 455
Page 456
Page 457
Page 458
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