A user's manual for the FARM lab irrigation cost generator interactive version

)Philip J. d'Almada Economic Information
Gary D. Lynne Report 210
Allen G. Smajstrla

A User's Manual for the FARM Lab
Irrigation Cost Generator:
Interactive Version

CeItral science
Library
JUN 08 7988
diversity of Florida

Food and Resource Economics Department
Agricultural Experiment Stations December 1985
Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences December 1985
University of Florida, Gainesville 32611

FOREWORD

The "Irrigation Cost Generator" is offered for use by the Florida Agricul-
tural and Resource Management (FARM) Laboratory in cooperation with the
Department of Agricultural Engineering. The FARM Laboratory is an in-
tegral component of the Food and Resource Economics Department. Both the
Agricultural Engineering and Food and Resource Economics Departments are
in the Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) at the Universi-
ty of Florida.
The ICG was acquired from Oklahoma State University in 1979, and
subsequently modified to suit Florida conditions. The ICG has since been
made interactive on the VAX 11/750 in IFAS at the University of Florida.
As a result, this User's Manual is largely developed from the previous
User's Manual (d'Almada et al, 1982), which itself draws heavily on a
similar manual developed by Kletke et al. (1978) at Oklahoma State
University.
Manuals are available for the individual desiring to use the cost
generator. Extra copies can be obtained from the FARM Laboratory, as
follows:
FARM Laboratory
Food and Resource Economics
1167 McCarty Hall
University of Florida
Gainesville, Florida 32611

Also, for any questions regarding the Irrigation Cost Generator, with
respect to implementation and terminal compatibility with the VAX, person-
nel in the FARM Laboratory can be called at (904) 392-1845.

ii

ABSTRACT

This manual illustrates the components of the Irrigation Cost
Generator (ICG) and shows how the default values of the ICG can be
altered in order to better represent the irrigation systems) of the
user. Included are descriptions on the characteristics of the tables
or arrays of the machinery complement. A description of typical out-
put formats is followed by glossaries of terms used on the input and
output formats.

Keywords: Irrigation costs, irrigation system costs, water supply
costs.

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . i
ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
LIST OF FIGURES . .. . .. . . . . . . .. v
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
INPUT FORMAT ... . . . . . . . . .. . 3
Machinery Complement Unchanged . . . . . . . 4
Machinery Complement With Changes . . . . . .. 14
Explanation of Arrays in the Machinery Complement .. 18
Changing of Values in the Machinery Complement .... 26
ICG EXECUTION ................. ....... 29
OUTPUT FORMATS . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
APPENDIX A. DEFAULT DATA SETS FOR TRAVELING GUN ...... 39
APPENDIX B. OUTPUT FORMATS FOR CABLE-TOW TRAVELING GUN . 44
APPENDIX C. GLOSSARY OF TERMS FOR THE INPUT FORMS . . . 48
APPENDIX D. GLOSSARY OF TERMS FOR THE OUTPUT FORMATS . . 55
D.1 System Requirements, Characteristics, and Costs . 56
D.2 Seasonal Costs for Irrigation ........... 565
REFERENCES ........................... 68

iv

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

1 Mn menu of the ICG . . . . . . . . 5

2a List of data sets for the center-pivot irrigation
system . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2b Display allowing selection of an existing irrigation
system file . . . . . . .. 7

3 Form I of the center-pivot default data set . . 8

4 Form 2 of the center-pivot default data set . .. 8

5 Form 3 of the center-pivot default data set .... 13

6 Form 4 of the center-pivot default data set .. 13

7a List of machinery complement data sets. .... 16

7b Display allowing selection of an existing machinery
complement data set ............ ... 16

8 Machinery complement data set menu-selecting arrays 17

9a Machinery complement array on column pipe and shaft
data (CPS)-20-foot pipe sections ......... 19

9b Machinery complement array on column pipe and shaft
data (CPS)--10-foot pipe sections . . . . 19

10 Machinery complement arrays on gearhead costs (GEAR),
cost of pumpbases (PUMP), and stage costs (STGE). . 20

11 Machinery complement arrays on control head (CONT) and
well-development data (DEVL) ............ 20

12a Machinery complement array on pipe costs and
parameters (PIPE)-types 1 and 2 . . ...... 21

v

Figure. Page

12b Machinery complement array on pipe costs and parameters
(PIPE)--types 3 and 4 , . . . .. . 21

13 Machinery complement array on engine fixed cost data
(ENGI). . . . . . . . . . ...... .22

14 Machinery complement arrays on engine variable cost
data (MULT) and distribution system data (VC4) .... 22

15 Machinery complement arrays on cost of center-pivot
distribution systems (CPDS) and cost of traveling gun
distribution systems (TGDS) . . .. . . ... 23

16 Machinery complement menu-saving modifications . . 23

17a List of irrigation system data sets and machinery com-
plement data sets . . . . . . . . .. 30

17b Display allowing selection of an existing machinery
complement data set and an existing irrigation system
data set. . . . . . . . . . . .. 30

18a List of output data sets. . . . . . . . 32

18b Display allowing selection of an existing output data
set . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

19 "Message" page output format for the sample user. .. 34

20 Physical/technical output format for the sample user. 35

21 Financial/economic output format for the sample user. 36

A.1 Form 1 of the cable-tow traveling gun default data set. 40

A.2 Form 2 of the cable-tow traveling gun default data set. 40

A.3 Form 3 of the cable-tow traveling gun default data set. 41

A.4 Form 4 of the cable-tow traveling gun default data set. 41

vi

Figure Page

A.5 Form 1 of the hose-tow traveling gun default data
sat . . . . . . . . . . .. 42

A.6 Form 2 of the hose-tow traveling gun default data
set . . . . . ... . . . . . . .42

A.7 Form 3 of the hose-tow traveling gun default data
set . . . . . . .. .. . . . .. 43

A.8 Form 4 of the hose-tow traveling gun default data
set . . . . . . . . . . 43

B.1 "Message" page output format for default data of
cable-tow traveling gun . . ... .. . . 45

B.2 Physical/technical output format for default data
of cable-tow traveling gun . . . . ... 46

B.3 Financial/economic output format for default data
of cable-tow traveling gun . .. .. . . . 47

A USER' S MANUAL FOR THE FARM LAB IRRIGATION
COST GENERATOR: INTERACTIVE VERSION

Philip J. d'Almada, Gary D. Lynne, Allen G. Smajstrla

INTRODUCTION

The Irrigation Cost Generator (ICG) is a computer program which cal-
culates fixed and variable costs per acre-inch, per acre, and for the en-
tire system using various assumptions regarding the irrigation well and
pump, fuel source, distribution system, prices and costs, and water de-
mands. The user can specify the features of the system or use the input
default values and machinery complement data set internal to the program.
Detailed output is provided on the physical and financial features of the
system being examined.
The ICG is flexible and can be used to provide information regarding:
(1) the decision to invest in a system (that is, the ICG can provide
estimates of seasonal cost and initial investment requirements
for alternative system types, designs, and operating plans);
(2) the decision to add another acre-inch of water within a season
given that a particular system is in use (that is, the ICG can
provide estimates of the additional or marginal costs of adding
another acre-inch of water, given changing conditions such as
weather and/or prices for labor, fuel, materials and/or machine-
ry).
The user interactively enters information to the ICG as described in
the next section. As noted above, input default values are provided in-
ternally to the program for those specifications not provided by the user.

PHILIP J. D'ALMADA is a research associate and GARY D. LYNNE is an
associate professor in the Food and Resource Economics Department.
ALLEN G. SMAJSTRLA is an assistant professor in the Agricultural Engineer-
ing Department.

2

These default data are of three (3) general types:
(1) physical features of the farm, well, and area;
(2) machinery features, included mainly in the "machinery comple-
ment" for the program;
(3) financial features, including prices and costs.
Any and all of these data may be changed by the user. The values cur-
rently in the program (and thus the terminology: "default" values) char-
acterize a typical North Florida irrigation system in terms of farm, well,
pump, engine and distribution systems. Price and cost data are those
which are typical in the said area at the time of development of this
manual. These data are modified periodically. The latest information
regarding the status of these modifications can be determined by contact-
ing the FARM Lab.
The ICG itself is currently interactive on the VAX 11/750 minicom-
puter in IFAS at the University of Florida. Anyone having access to the
IFAS VAX and a Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) VT-100 terminal, with
the Advanced Video Option, can use the ICG. Some VT-100 emulators can be
used with other terminals (e.g., the IBM PC)--contact the FARM Lab for
clarification. Also, the user is cautioned that different terminals may
require different type-keys to effect the same purpose. For example, in
this manual, the RETURN key is referenced appropriately, whereas for some
terminals, the corresponding key is the ENTER key. Familiarity with
one's terminal is therefore imperative.
In the VAX system, a file name has three components which, by con-
vention, are termed: "filename", "filetype", "version", or "version-
number". The file name, as used in this manual, appears as
"ANANANANA.AA NN". The filename component is made up of nine alpha-
numeric (letter and number) characters and can be created by the user.
The filetype has three alphabetic characters and is fixed by the system.
The following filetypes are used by the system:
CPV-center-pivot irrigation system default data set,
HOS-hose-tow traveling gun irrigation system default data set,
CAB-cable-tow traveling gun irrigation system default data set,

3

MCH--machinery complement data set,
OUT-output from execution of the ICG.
Finally, the version is a VAX system characteristic. When a file is
accessed (maybe altered) then resaved, it is saved under the same file-
name and filetype, but the version increases in value by 1. When the
same file is subsequently requested from VAX, usually by the filename,
the file with the highest version is accessed. All files with lower
versions are saved in the user's VAX directory unless deleted by the
user. The user is advised to create, in his directory, blank or dummy
files with the above filetypes.1 Otherwise, any new files created will
initially appear under the FARM Lab (user: IRRIG) directory.
The purposes of this manual are:
(1) to describe the input format and to show users either how to
input their own system features, or how to interactively use
the "default" values;
(2) to describe the output formats which are returned interactively
to the user.
The input and output formats for the center-pivot system are discussed in
the following sections. In this manual, each instruction to the user is
preceded by a '.', and begins at the next section.

INPUT FORMAT

Sign on to the VAX.
To access the ICG, do
$ [RETURN], [RETURN], <3> [RETUOR] to select 'Irrigcost', or
$ [RETURN]
where '$' is the prompt from the VAX for a command;
'<' and '>' are symbols the authors are using to contain the
characters (numbers, letters, other special symbols) which the user

If a file exists with the same filename and filetype in both the user's
directory and the IRRIG (FARM Lab) directory, then on specifying this file
name, the file in the user's directory will be accessed.

4

must type;
[RETURN] means type the RETURN, ENTER or appropriate key with an
identical function to RETURN;
[TAB]--used later--means type the TAB key;
of the cursor.
The initial screen display is illustrated in Figure 1, where '1' or 'O'
represents the cursor after the system sets up the screen display. Cur-
rently, the ICG is designed to handle three irrigation systems. The user
should contact the FARM Lab for information on other systems for which
the ICG is being developed.
The simplest case is presented first, where the user finds the
machinery complement data descriptive and wishes to make changes only in
the physical features and some of the financial coefficients.

Machinery Complement Unchanged

The following (hypothetical) case can serve to illustrate. Con-
sider the user who desires to evaluate the costs of a center-pivot system
which is "typical" in the sense of the type and cost of machinery.
Assume the sample user wishes to have the following conditions apply:

(1) application of 10 inches of water this year and 9 inches per
year over the longer term (i.e., on the average);
(2) interest rate on capital invested of .14 (14 percent);
(3) depth of the well of 250 feet with a pumping depth to water of
60 feet;
(4) pumping rate of 900 gallons per minute;
(5) power unit situated at 100 feet above sea level;
(6) cost of diesel fuel at $1.30 per gallon.
To access the center-pivot data set, at the cursor (Figure 1), do

S<1> [RETURN].

5

FARM LAB
IRRIGATION COST GENERATOR

MAIN MENU

i -> Center-Pivot
2 -> Traveling Cun (Hose-Tow)
3 -> Travling Gun (Cable-Tow)
4 -> fachiner Camplemnt
5 -> Execute Cost Generator
6.-> View Output File

7 -> Exit
Entar. the number oof the pogra yu wish to run :

Figure 1. Main menu of the ICG.

6

Figure 2a is displayed containing (i) the name of the default data set
for the center-pivot system (e.g., DEFAILTO1.CPV), and (ii) the names of
any default data sets containing modifications of the original default
data set and consequently renamed and saved (e.g., IRRTESTOI.CPV). If
there are a large number of files, the user can move the cursor down to
view those files currently off-screen. After the desired file has been
selected, do
[RETURN]
as instructed at the top of the display illustrated in Figure 2a. The
result is Figure 2b.

OPTIONS AT FIGURE 21
At the cursor, the user may do
< > [RETURN], or
[RETURN], or
type the name of any file which may have been previously created and
saved, then [RETURNJ.
The first option, nine blank spaces, returns the user to the main menu
(Figure 1). The second option allows the display of Form 1 of the orig-
inal center-pivot data set, DEFAULTO1.CPV, shown in Figure 3. The last
option allows the display of Form 1 of a previously modified center-pivot
data set (e.g., IRRTESTOl.CPV). Either of these last two options allows
the user to create and save new data sets by making appropriate modifi-
cations to the displayed entries.
_____________ -- _______________- --

The means of incorporating any modifications in developing a new
data set from any existing data set is now described in terms of creat-
ing IRRESTO1.CPV from DEFAULTO1.CPV. Accordingly, for this example, do
. [RETURN]
which results in selecting the default data set, DEFAULT01 (Figure 2b).
The screen now appears as in Figure 3-a display of Form 1, the first of
four data-set Forms. The modifications to be made are listed at the be-

7

File Selection: Scroll through the list of Piles using the UP or OOWN ARROW
kegs, then press RETURN and enter the desired fileniae.

Directory USR:CIRRIG3
DEFAULTO1.CPV 27 IRRTESTOt.CPV;3

Total of 2 files.

NOTE: Any file in the user's directory bearing the
filetypes, CPV, HOS, CAB, MCH, OUT, will be listed
first. These include dummy files initially created
(p.3) and data file created and saved from previous
ICG executqons.
Figure 2a. List of data sets for the center-pivot irrigation system.

File Selection: Scroll through the list of files using the UP or OOWN ARROW
ke s, then press RETURN and enter the desired filename.

Directory USR:CIRRIG:
OEFAULTOi. CPV V27 IRRTESTOi. CPV;3
Total of 2 files.

Which Enterprise File do you wish to process ? LEFAULTOI (blank to exit)

Figure 2b. Display allowing selection of an existing irrigation system
file.

Data Set a CENTER-PIVOT SYSTEM Form I of 4
Filenar : iFAULTOl (Change if you wish to create a new Pile)
Identification :

THE FARM
Acres irrigated ( 1) 132.00
Inches/acre this year ( 2) 7.00
Average inches/acre/year (67) 7.00
Average inches applied per application 3) 1.00
Interest rate (xiOO = %) (21) 0.12
Insurance rate (xO00 ) (22) 0.006
Labor cost (S/hour) (23) 4.00

THE WELL
Depth of well (Peet) ( 6) 400.00
Pumping depth of water (feat) ( 7) 50.00
Depth of well-casing (feet) (68) 100.00
Well life (years) (27) 40.00
Do you want to return to the main menu (Y/N)? N

Figure 3. Form 1 of the center-pivot default data set.

Backup?(Y/N) J Form 2 of 4

THE PUMP
Depth setting of column pipe (feet) ( 9) 70.00
Row number from column pipe and shaft array (10) 6.00
Number of stages (if 0, then program will determine) (11) 0.00
Gallons/minute produced by the pump ( 4) 1000.00
Pressure (psi) at the pivot ( 5) 75.00
Pump efficiency (xlOO = () (12) 0.75
Stage life (years) (29) 12.00
Column life (years) (29) 15.00
Gearhead life (years) (30) 15.00

THE CONTROL HEAD
Optional units (0=No, i=Yes): Flow meter (71) 1.00
Gate valve (72) 1.00
Y-strainer (73) 1.00
Check valve (74) 1.00

Figure 4. Form 2 of the center-pivot default data set.

9

ginning of this subsection. At the cursor, define the new filename
(with nine characters) and relocate the cursor as follows:
. [TAB]
The cursor is now located at "Identification :" where two 40-character
lines, including blank spaces, are provided in order to describe the cur-
rent execution of the ICG. For instance, the user may choose to put his
name on the first line and the date and/or type of irrigation system on
the second line. At this point, for example, do
. where the second Identification line is accessed from any point on the
first line by [TAB]. At the second line, do
. [TAB]
which now moves the cursor to the right-hand side of the first value
(132.00-entry 1) located on the screen (Figure 3).
This first section is titled "THE FARM". In this example, the
value for "Inches/acre this year" (entry 2) is changed to 10.0 and the
"Average inches/acre/year" (entry 67) is set at 9.0. The "Interest rate"
(entry 21) is changed from 0.12 to 0.14. The "default" values of 132
acres irrigated (entry 1), 1.0 inch applied per application (entry 3),
0.6 percent insurance rate (entry 22), and $4.00 per hour for labor
(entry 23), are assumed descriptive.
Changes in THE WELL section are made to reflect 250 feet of well
depth (entry 6) and an average pumping depth of 60 feet (entry 7).
The means of accomplishing these changes is described below. In
event of typing errors, corrections are made as follows:
(1) if the cursor is at the current line of an error (e.g., <1020>
instead of <1000> for the first alteration), remove the error
with the DELETE/ERASE key, then enter the correct value;
(2) alternately, if the cursor is at another line when an error is
noticed at a previous line, then use the key with the BACK
SPACE feature to return the cursor to the point of error, re-
move the error with the DELETE/ERASE key, then enter the cor-
rect value;

10

(3) finally, the user may advance to the next Form (e.g., Figure 4),
and invoke the "Backup? C(/N)" query at the top of the display,
as described under "OPTIONS AT FIGURE 4", in order to relocate
the cursor at the beginning of the previous display (e.g.,
Figure 3) and effect the correction.
With the cursor at entry 1 (Figure 3), do the following:
". [TAB]
". [TAB]
". [TAB]
" (TAB]
". [TAB] or [TAB]
". [TAB]
". [TAB]
". [TAB]
". [RETURN].
Form 2 (Figure 4) is displayed after the last alteration.

OPTIONS AT FIGURE 3
At the last alteration in Figure 3, the option to return to the main
menu (Figure 1) may be accomplished by doing
". [TAB]
". [TAB]
". [TAB]
". [RETURN],
when Figure 1 will be redisplayed, and the modifications will be saved
under IRETESTOI.CPV in the user's VAX directory. At this point, if the
user returns to this new data set, the entry at the bottom of Figure 3
would be 'Y', which the user must change to 'N' in order to access Form 2
of IRRTESTO1.CPV, identical to Form 2 of DEFAULTOI.CPV (Figure 4). The
appropriate steps from Figure 1 are as follows:

11

". <1> ..[RETUN] to display Figure 2a,
". [RETUUN] to display Figure 2b,
< MITEST01> [BETURN] to display Form 1 of IRETEST01.CPV, which is
essentially Figure 3, including the modifications made ("Filename :"
will show "IRRTEST01").
[TAB] 14 times to locate the cursor at the query at the bottom of the
display,
[RETURN] to display Form 2 of IRRTESTOl.CPV.
Any modifications to Forms 2, 3, or 4 of IRRTESTO1.CPV will be saved,
along with the initial modifications in Form 1, under the same name,
IRRTESTO1.CPV, in the user's directory. (However, note that the version

number would have increased, and it will be the latest version created,
which will be displayed if IRRTESTO1 is again requested at Figure 2b or
some other later point.)
i i--

OPTIONS AT FIGURE 4

From the initial cursor location in Figure 4, the user may return to
Form 1 (Figure 3) by doing
. [RETURN].
Alternately, the user may make any modifications in Form 2 prior to re-
turning to Form 1 as follows:
. [TAB

e

modifications

. .. [RETURN].
While in Form 1, the user may make more changes. Return to Form 2 from

12

any point on Form 1 by doing
[aETURN].
The entry at the cursor in Form 2 will be '"', which the user must
change to avoid returning to Form 1 a second time.

If the user does not wish to return to Form 1 (Figure 3), then in
THE PUMP section, the only change is from 1,000.0 to 900.0 gallons per
minute produced by the pump (entry 4). The user should note that 75 psi
at the pivot is the default value for a high-pressure system. For a
low-pressure system (e.g., 40 psi), the user should enter the desired
pressure level at entry 5.
There are no changes in THE CONTROL HEAD section.
From the cursor in Figure 4, the user makes the modification and
displays Figure 5 as follows:
". [TAB]
". [TAB]
". [TAB]
". [TAB]
"* [RETURN].
The only changes in THE ENGINE section (Figure 5) are the altitude
(to 100 feet, entry 16) and the diesel fuel price (to $1.30, entry 31).
From the cursor, do
". [TAB]
". [TAB]
". [TAB]
". [TAB]
". [TAB]
". [TAB]
". [TAB]
". [TAB]
. (RETURN] or [RETURN],
when Form 4 (Figure 6) is displayed.

13

Backup?(Y/N) Form 3 of 4

THE ENGcE

Fuel type (I=LP, 3=diesel, electric) (13) 3.00
Engine type (1=auto, Z=light ind., 3=inter. ind., 4=electric) (14) 2.00
Row number from engine array(if 0,then program will determine) (15) 0.00
Altitude above sea level (feet) (16) 150.00
Maximum average daily temperature (F) (17) 90.00
Use of heat exchanger (engine types 1, 2, or 3) (0=No, i=Yes) (18) 0.00
Type of drive(0=direct,i=right angle,2=Vee belt,3=Flat belt) (20) 1.00
Fuel cost ($/gal or S/kwh) (31) 1.20
Lubricant cost ($/gal) (32) 7.00
Electric motor life (hours) (35) 50000.00
Automotive engine life (hours) (36) 20000.00
Light ind. engine life house ) (37) 30000.00
Inter. ind. engine life (hours) (38) 40000.00

Figure 5. Form 3 of the center-pivot default data set.

Backup?(Y/N) Fr Form 4 of 4

THE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Lateral length (feet) (41) 1353.00
Pressure loss allowed in pipe (psi/1000 feet) (3) 11.00
Main line type (ilabove ground, 2-below ground) (42) 2.00
Main line length (feet) (43) 10.00
Row number from pipe array (44) 43.00
Option to increase main line pipe size,if needed (0=Yes,i=No) (45) 1.00

Do you want a listing of the machinery complement (Y/N)? N

Figure 6. Form 4 of the center-pivot default data set.

14

No changes are made in THE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM. section (Figure 6),
since our sample uaerks conditions match the conditions set by the de-
fault values. At the bottom of the final display on the default data
set (Figure 6), the user may request a listing of the machinery comple-
ment data set as part of his output. From any point on the display, the
user exits the irrigation system data set by doing
[RETURN],
when the main menu (Figure 1) is redisplayed. All the modifications are
saved in IRRTESTO1.CPV.

OPTIONS AFTER FIGURE 6
If the user is interested in a traveling gun system, the appropriate
entry should be made: '2' or '3', for a hose-tow traveler or a cable-tow
traveler, respectively, at the cursor in Figure 1. Any modifications are
made in the manner described above for the center-pivot. Appendix A con-
tains displays of the traveling gun data sets.
The user may continue to build more irrigation system data sets from
any existing original or modified irrigation system data set. Begin by
specifying the appropriate entries in Figures 1 and 2b.

In order to better understand each of the entries on the input Forms,
a glossary of terms and definitions is provided in Appendix C.
The user who does not plan to make any changes in the machinery com-
plement can now go directly to page 29, and the section called "ICG EXE-
CUTION". This is followed by "OUTPUT FORMATS" showing the results from a
computer analysis of the data stored in IRRTESTO1.CPV.

Machinery Complement with Changes

It is expected that most users will wish to make changes in the
machinery complement, especially to prices and costs. Some of the fea-
tures of the machinery and some of the costs can be changed directly in

15

the irrigation data set. For example, the user can specify the type of
drive (entry 20) and whether or not a heat exchanger (entry 18) is
used (see THE ENGINE, Figure 5).
The machinery complement is accessed from Figure 1 by doing
<4> [RETURN]
at the cursor. Figure 7a is displayed. For an excessively large number
of files, move the cursor down, as directed at the top of the display,
in order to view the off-screen files. Next, do
[RETURN]
and Figure 7b is displayed.

OPTIONS AT FIGURE 7B
Similar to selecting the center-pivot data set (Figure 2b), the user
may opt to (i) "exit" to the main menu (Figure 1), (ii) access the origi-
nal machinery complement (DEFAULT01.MCH)-the default entry at the cursor
(Figure 7b), (iii) access a modified machinery complement (e.g.,
DEFAULT02.MCH). From selecting either the second or third option,
Figure 8 can be displayed by respectively doing
. [RETURN] or
. [RETURN].
I "1 U-- -- -I---- I------ ---- m

In terms of creating and saving a modified data set (e.g.,
DEFAULTO 2.MCH) from the original machinery complement (DEFAULT01.MCH),
at the cursor (Figure 7b), do
. [RETURN]
which displays Figure 8.
The data in the machinery complement (Figures 9 to 15) are presented
in twelve arrays on pages 19 to 23. (The first ten arrays apply to all
irrigation systems.) Specifically, these arrays contain data for column
pipe and shaft (CPS), gearhead (GEAR), pumpbase (PUMP), pump stages
(STGE), control head (CONT), distribution pipe (PIPE), well-development
(DEVL), fixed costs for the engine (ENGI), variable costs for the engine

16

File Selection: Scroll through the list of files using the UP or DOWN ARROW
keys, then press RETURN and enter the desired filename.

Directory USR:CIRRIG3
DEFALU.TO.MCH 17 DEFAULTO2.MCH;1
Total of 2 files.

Figure 7a. List of machinery complement data sets.

File Selections Scroll through the list of files using the UP or DOWN ARROW
keys, then press RETURN and enter the desired filename.

Directory USR:CIRRIG3

OEFAULT.MCH17 ULTOOC OEF 02.MCHUi
Total of 2 files.

Which Enterprise File do you wish to process ? [EFAULTOl (blank to exit)

Figure 7b. Display allowing selection of an existing machinery
complement data set.

17

I- MACHDIERY COMPLEMENT 4MENU

i -> Column pipe and shaft data (20-foot pipe sections)

2 -> Column pipe and shaft data (iO-foot pipe sections)
3 -> Gearhead costs, Cost of pumpbases and Stage costs
4 -> Control head nd Wwll-developrent data

5 -) Pipe costs and para-tors (ala. h-p lin & flat hose)
6 -> Pipe costs and paramtrs (PVC hard hose & plastic pipe)
7 -> Engine fixed cost data

8 -> Engine variable cost data and Distribution system data
9 -> Cost of distribution systems

10 -> Exit
Etr the number of the uachiners couplmn1t ayu wish to change :

Figure 8. Machinery complement data set menu-selecting
arrays.

18

(MULT), all distribution systems (VC4), center-pivot distribution sys-
tems (CPDS) and traveling gun distribution systems (TGDS). Each of these
is discussed below, and the closing subsection is on the method for chang-
ing any value in these arrays.

Explanation of Arrays in the Machinery Complement

Column pipe and shaft data (CPS)

The user may select a row number from the CPS array (Figure 9a and
9b) and insert that number on input Form 2 (Figure 4, entry 10) under
THE PUMP. The default row number is 6, meaning that a 20-foot section
of an 8-inch pipe, with a 2.5-inch tube diameter, costing $646, etc.
(Figure 9a) is used. The user could have, for example, entered '9' for
a 10-inch diameter pipe (Figure 9a).

Gearhead costs (GEAR)

The appropriate gearhead is selected by the ICG based on the brake
horsepower computed from physical and mechanical features. If, for ex-
ample, the brake horsepower is greater than 150, but less than 200, the
ICG selects gearhead #8, costing $2,780 (Figure 10).

Cost of pumpbases (PUMP)

The pumpbase is selected by the ICG on the basis of what the user
selects for column pipe diameter. If, for example, the user entered '9'
(for a 10-inch column pipe) as the row number under THE PUMP (Figure 4,
entry 1Q),, the ICG will select the 10-inch pumpbase #4, costing $979
(Figure 10).

19

FORM 1 OF 9 FILENAME : OEFAULTO0
MACHINERY COIPLEMENT

(CPS) COLLIE PIPE AN SHAFT DATA

20-OOT I I I I SHAFT I I SUCTION
PIPE I PIPE I TUE I SHAFT I PIPE I LIST IFRICT.ISTRAINERI PIPE
SECTIONS DIAN. I OAM. IDIAMETERI LENGTH PRICE LOSS COST COST
ROW/CO 1 2 I 3 4 I 5 6 7 8 9
1 1 6.0011 1.50 1 1.00 1 20.00 1 389.00 1 0.67 I 37.00 I 45.00
2 6.00 2.00 1 1.25 1 20.00 439.00 0.91 37.00 45.00
3 6.00 1 2.50 I 1.50 1 20.00 531.00 1 1.41 37.00 1 45.00 1
4 6 .001 2.50 1.69 I 20.001 554.00 1.771 37.00 45.00
5 8.001 2.00 1 1.25 20.00 521.00 0.91 60.00 1 53.001
6 I 8.00 1 2.50 1.69 20.00 646.00 1.77 60.00 1 53.00
7 I 8.00 3.00 1.69 20.001 .00 1.77 .00 .00
9 I 8.00 3.00 1.94 I 20.00 790.00 2.26 60.00 53.00 1
9 10.00 2.50 1.69 20.00 752.00 1.77 114.00 70.00
10 110.00 3.00 1.94 I 20.00 896.00 2.26 114.00 70.00

Figure 9a. Machinery complement array on column pipe and shaft data
(CPS)-20-foot pipe sections.

FORM 2 OF 9 FILENAME : DEFAULTOI
(CPS) COLUMN PIPE AND SHAFT DATA (cont)

10-FOOTI I I I SHAFT I I SUCTION
PIPE I PIPE I TUBE I SHAFT I PIPE I LIST I FRICT.ISTRAINERI PIPE
SECTIONSi DIAM. I OIAM. IOIAMETERI LENGTH PRICE LOSS i COST I COST
ROW/COL 2 I 3 14 5 6 7 8 1 9
S I 6.0011 1.50 1.00 10.001 235.00 0.67 37.00 45.00
12 6.00 1 2.00 1.25 1 10.001 263.001 0.91 37.00 .45.001
13 6.00 1 2.50 I 1.50 1 10.00 I 309.00 1 1.41 1 37.00 1 45.00 1
14 6.00 2.501 1.69 1 10.00 1 328.00 1 .77 37.00 45.001
15 8.00 1 2.00 1 .25 10.00 322.00 0.91 60.00 1 53.00
16 8.001 2.50 1.69 i 10.00 387.00 1.77 60.001 53.001
17 8.00 3.00 1.69 10.00 .00 1 .77 .00 .00
18 8.00 3.00 1.94 10.00 I 463.00 2.26 1 60.00 1 53.00
19 I 10.00 I 2.50 I 1.69 O 10.00 1 466.00 1 .77 I 114.00 I 70.00 I
20 10.00 3.00 1.94 10O.00 I 542.00 2.26 114.00 I 70.001

Figure 9b. Machinery complement array on column pipe and shaft data
(CPS)-10-foot pipe sections.

20

FORM 3 OF 9 FILENAME : DEFAULTOI
(PUMP) COST OF PUMPBASES
COL. PIPE DIAM. I 6-INCH 1 6-INCH I 9-INCH 10-INCH I
SHAFT OIAM. 1 <1.5" I >1.5" I ALL I ALL I
I 1 I 2 I 3 1 4 I
) G D C COST 1 630.00 1 647.00 I 729.00 I 979.00 I
(GEAR) GEAREADO COSTS

I BRAKE I
I HP I COST I STAGE ) STAGE COSTS
I I I
i <20 800.0011 1 PUMP.IGAL./ I SHAFT! FIRST I ADIT. I
21 20-39 1095.00 SIZE IMINUTEI SIZE I STAGE I STAGE
31 40-59 1315.00 I ROW/COL I 1 2
41 60-79 1 540.00 I 6" 200 I ALL I 529.00 1 189.00
51 80-99 1635.00 2 6" 400 1 ALL 599.00 270.00
61 00-124 1960.00 1 3 6" 600 I ALL I 599.00 270.001
71 125-1491 2520.00 4 I 800 I ALL I 991.00 I 432.00
8 150-199 2780.00 3 5 8" 000 1 ALL I 991.00 I 432.00 1
91 200-174I 6775.00 6 10* 1200 ALL 1023.00 I 471.00
101 275-374 7000.00 7 10 400 1 ALL 1023.00 1 471.00
ill >374 7000.00 8 10" I 00 I ALL I 023.00 I 471.00

Figure 10. Machinery complement arrays on gearhead costs (GEAR), cost
of pumpbases (PUMP), and stage costs (STGE).

FORM 4 OF 9 FILENAME : OEFAULTOi
(CONT) CONTROL HEAD
I PIPE I FLOW I GATE I Y- CHECK I
1 DIAMETER I METER VALVE STRAINER I VALVE I
ROW/COL 1 1 2 3 I 4 1 5
1 I 4.0081 350.00 1 126.00 1 79.00 103.00 I
2 I 5.00 1 400.00 1 170.00 .00 1 47.00 1
3 I 6.00 1 450.00 211.00 1 339.00 194.00 I
4 I 8.00 550.00 340.00 1 569.00 347.00 I
5 I 10.00 I 650.00 527.00 1 .00 567.00 1
6 12.00 1 800.00 1 767.00 .00 878.00 1

(OEVL) WELL-DEVELOPMENT DATA
I WELL I ORILLIN I CASINO I
I DIAMETER I COST/FT I COST/FT I
ROW/COL i 2 3
1 4.00 1 5.00 6.00
2 6.00 5.00 7.60
3 8.00 6.00 10.00 1
4 10.00 1 0.00 1 5.00 1
5 12.00 1 2.00 1 20.00 1

Figure 11. Machinery complement arrays on control head (CONT)and well-
development data (DEVL).

21

FORM 5 OF 9 FILENAME : DEFAULTOI
(PIPE) PIPE COSTS AND PARAMETERS

I I IFRICT. I
I PIPE LOSS I COST/ IEXPECT.I
I TYPE I DIAM. I CONST. FOOT LIFE
ROW/COL 2 3 4 5 6
ALUM. HIGH-PRESSURE LINE .21 I 1.001 1.30 1 0.34 1 .00 i 15.00
2 I i.00 1 .0 0.34 .00 15.00
23 1.00 3.00 0.33 1 .25 15.000
24 1.00 4.00 0.32 2.12 15.00
25 I 1.00 5.001 0.2 2.72 1.00I
26 .00 1 6.00 0.32 3.43 1 .001
27 1.00 8.00 0.32 5.96 115.00
29 1.00 .00 0.32 .00 1 5.00
29 1 .00 .00 0.321 .00 15.00
30 1.00 .00 0.32 .00 15.00
LAY-FLAT HOSE 31 2.00 1 3.00 1 0.08 4.00 10.00 I
32 2.00 1 4.13 0.08 I .50 10.00
33 2.00 4.50 0.08 I 7.25 1 10.00

Figure 12a. Machinery complement array on pipe costs and parameters
(PIPE)-types 1 and 2.

FORM 6 OF 9 FILENAME : OEFAULT01
(PIPE cont)
S I FRICT. I
I I PIPE LOSS I COST/ IEXPECT.I
TYPE I DIAM. I CONST.I FOOT LIFE
RO/COL1 2 1 3 4 5 6
PVC HARD HOSE 36 1 3.0011 3.001 0.32 2.54 I 10.00
37 3.00 1 3.50 0.32 3.31 10.00
38 3.00 3.75 0.32 4.08 10.00
39 3.00 4.00 0.32 4.751 10.00
40 3.001 4.50 0.32 5.63 10.00
PLASTIC (PVC) PIPE 41 I 4.00 I 4.00 I 0.32 1 1.01 I 20.00 1
42 4.00 6.00 0.32 2.29 20.00
43 4.00 I 8.00 10.32 I 3.73 120.00 I
44 4.00 10.00 0.32 6.33 20.00
45 4.00 12.00 I 0.32 1 8.00 20.00
46 4.00 .00 0.32 1 .00 20.00
47 4.00 .00 1 0.32 I .00 1 20.00
48 4.00 .00 0.32 .00 20.00
49 4.00 .00 0.32 .00 20.00
50 5.00 .00 .00 .00 .00

Figure 12b. Machinery complement array on pipe costs and para-
meters (PIPE)-types 3 and 4.

22

FORM 7 OF 9 FILENAME : OEFAULTOi
(ENGI) ENGINE FIXED COST DATA
I ELECTRIC I LP DIESE I
SHORSE- I MOTOR I CONTROL I HORSE- I MOTOR I HORSE- I MOTOR
POWER I COST PANEL COST POWER I COST POWER COST I
ROW/COL I 1 I 2 3 4 5 8 9
S I 20.0011 682.00 1 634.00 1 .00 .00 1 28.50 I3700.00
2 40.00 1198.00 1214.00 .00 .00 1 40.00 5300.00 1
3 60.00 I 2348.00 1 934.00 .00 .00 I 60.00 6 148.00
4 I 75.00 2382.00 3260.00 85.00 6900.00 75.00 1 7108.00
5 1 00.00 3746.00 1 5804.00 1 .00 .00 00.00 1 9500.00 I
6 125.00 5018.00 6128.00 130.00 9900.00 I .00 .00
7 I150.00 1 5875.00 6128.00 .00 1 .00 150.00 1 12900.00 I
8 .00 .00 .001 .00 .00 175.00 12900.00
9 200.00 7358.00 1 572.00 1 .00 .00 200.00 12900.00I
10 .001 .001 .00 .1 .01 .00 1 22.00 17800.00
1i .00 .00 .00 .00 .001 250.00 17800.00
12 .00 .00 .001 .00 .00 .00 .00
13 1 .00 .00 1 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00

Figure 13. Machinery complement array on engine fixed cost data (ENGI).

FORM 8 OF 9 FILENAME : DEFAULT01
(MULT) ENGINE VARIABLE COST DATA

I LP I DIESEL ELECTRIC
ROW/COL I 1 I 2 3 1 4
UNITS FJEL/HP-HOUR ** 1 .i20011 .00 .07800 .36600
GALLONS LUBRICANT/HP-HOUR 2 I .00110 I .00 1 .00110 I .00010
REPAIRS/BRAKE HP-HOUR 3 .00208 I .00 .00247 i 13.00000 I
LABOR ON ENGINE PER HOUR USE 4 I .06000 I .00 .06000 1 .03000 I

**LP,OIESEL FUEL UNITS:GALLONS **ELECTRICITY UNITS:KWH +ELECTRIC:REPAIRS/ANNUM
(VC4) DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM DATA

I I 1 CENTER- 1 TRAVELING GUN I
S I I PIVOT IHOSE-TOWICABLE-TOWI
ROW/COL Ii 2 1 3 1 4 5 i 6 I
LIFE OF DIST. SYSTEM 1 I .00 1 .00 I .00 15.0000 1 15.0000 I 15.0000 1
REPAIRS (SEE BELOW) 3 I .00 .00 I .00 .0500 6.5000 I 6.5000 I
HRS. LAB./ACRE/IRRIG. 4 1 .00 I .00 I .00 1 .0650 .0625 1 .2500 1

CENTER-PIVOT REPAIR COEF. = REPAIRS/OIST. SYST. VALUE/YEAR
ALL OTHER REPAIR COEF. = REPAIRS/ACRE/YEAR

Figure 14. Machinery complement arrays on engine variable cost data
CMULT) and distribution system data (VC4).

23

FORM 9 OF 9 FILENAME : DEFAULTOI
"(CPOS) COST OF CENTER-PIVOT DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
ACRES COVERED I <40 I 40-70 I 71-108 1 06-132 I 133-160 I
I 1 I 2 1 3 I 4 I 5 1
COST I 20000.001 29000.00 1 29000.00 1 30000.00 1 37500.00 I

(TGOS) COST OF TRAVELING GUN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
ACRES COVERED I <30 I 30-30 I 51-70 I 71-90 I 31-110 I
ROW/COL I 1 I 2 I 3 1 4 I 5 1
HOSE-TOW 1 10000.00 1 10000.00 1 12000.00 1 14000.00 1 14000.00 1
CABLE-TOW 2 I 4000.00 I 5000.00 1 6000.00 1 7000.00 1 8000.00 1

Figure 15. Machinery complement arrays on cost of center-pivot dis-
tribution systems (CPDS) and cost of traveling gun distri-
bution systems (TGDS).

< MAC HINERY CPFLEEN MEU

i -> Colunn pipe and shaft data (20-foot pipe sections)
2 -) ColLun pipe and shaft data (10-foot pipe sections)
3 -> Gearhead costs, Cost of pumpbases and Stage costs
4 -> Control head and Well-development data
5 -> Pipe costs and parameters (alum. h-p line & Flat hose)

6 -> Pipe costs and parameters (PVC hard hose & plastic pipe)

7 -> Engine fixed cost data
8 -> Engine variable cost data and Distribution system data
9 -> Cost of distribution systems
10 -> Exit
Do you wish to change th fllename IEFAULTOI (blank to not save data)

Figure 16. Machinery complement menu-saving modifications.

24

Stage costs (STGE)

The user can specify the number of stages in THE PUMP section
(Figure 4, entry 11). If this is not specified (0 at entry 11), the ICG
will calculate the required number. For example, a 1,000-gallon-per-
minute requirement through an 8-inch column pipe, will use a $991 unit
for the first stage and $432 units for all subsequent stages (Figure 10).
The user desiring 1,200 gpm (or less) through a 10-inch column pipe can
expect first and subsequent stage costs of $1,023 and $471, respectively
(Figure 10).

Control head (CONT)

The appropriate costs for the required control head units are based
on column pipe diameter. This latter size is controlled by the user
through entry 10 (Figure 4). For example, the ICG selects row 4 from the
CONT array (Figure 11) based on the default value of '6' at entry 10
(Figure 4) for an 8-inch column pipe. The user would incur a Y-strainer
cost of $569 (Figure 11).

Well-development data (DEVL)

The costs per foot for drilling and casing the well, are based on
well diameter. This latter is controlled by the user through entry 10
(Figure 4), where the well diameter is one pipe size larger than the
column pipe used. Again, from a default value of '6', at entry 10, for
an 8-inch column pipe, the ICG selects row 4 from the DEVL array (Figure
11). The user would incur a drilling cost of $10.00 per foot, and a
casing cost of $15.00 per foot (Figure 11).

Pipe costs and parameters (PIPE)

The characteristics of the main line pipe of the distribution system

25

are specified through entry 44 (Figure 6). The default value of '43' pro-
vides for an 8Sinch PVC pipe at $3.73 per foot (Figure 12b). The lay-flat
and PVC hard hoses (Figures 12a and 12b, respectively) are associated with
the cable-tow and hose-.ow traveling gun systems, respectively.

Engine fixed cost (ENGI) and variable cost (MULT) data

The features of the engine leading to a particular investment re-
quirement are presented in the ENGI array (Figure 13). The user specifies
the fuel and engine type at entries 13 and 14 (Figure 5); a particular
size of engine can be selected through entry 15 (Figure 5) from the ENGI
data (Figure 13). For example, the user would enter '10' at entry 15
(Figure 5) for a 225-horsepower diesel engine costing $17,800 (Figure 13,
ENGI array). If the user specified 0.0 at entry 15 (Figure 5), the ICG
will determine the appropriate size. The user should carefully check the
entries in columns 4, 5, 8, and 9 of the ENGI array if a '1', '2', or '3'
is entered at entry 14 (Figure 5).
The factors affecting the operating costs of the engine are shown in
the MULT array (Figure 14). Based on the specified fuel type (Figure 5,
entry 13), the appropriate values are used directly unless changes are
made in this array (as illustrated later).

Distribution system data (VC4)

The appropriate set of entries on the life expectancy of the distri-
bution system (excluding the main line), the coefficients of repairs cost
and labor requirement, are identified to the ICG by the Filename (Figure
3). The specification of '1' entered on the initial display (Figure 1)
accesses the set of entries pertaining to the center-pivot irrigation
system (Figure 14, VC4 array, column 4).

26

Cost of centerpivot (CPDS) and traveling gun (TGDS) distribution systems

Based on the specified irrigation acreage at entry 1 (Figure 3), the
ICG selects the. cost of a distribution system. For example, a center-
pivot distribution system, sufficient for a tract in the range of 106
acres to 132 acres, costs $30,000 (Figure 15, CPDS array, column 4).

Changing of Values in the Machinery Complement

The user, as noted previously, can: 1) change some costs and
prices directly on the irrigation system input Forms 1 to 4 (e.g.,
Figures 3 to 6); 2) select various sizes of equipment in the machinery
complement by code numbers on the input Forms; and 3) change values in
the complement data. This latter process is discussed in this section.
Referring to the complement data (illustrated in Figures 9 to 15),
each array entry is identified by a row number and a column number. The
arrays GEAR, PUMP and CPDS, however, each contain only one row. (For
practical purposes, the GEAR array in Figure 10 is arranged on the dis-
play-Figure 10-with one column of data rather than one row.)
Now consider a case where the user wishes to make the following
changes to the machinery complement:
Current Value New Value
Cost of column pipe and shaft
(CPS: row 6, col. 6; Fig. 9a) $ 646.00 4 770.00
Cost of gearhead (GEAR: row 8; Fig. 10) 2,780.00 3,000.00
Cost of pumpbase (PUMP: col. 2; Fig.. 1U) 647.00 700.00
Cost of stages: Lst stage
(STGE: row 5, col. 1; Fig. 10) 991.00 1,000.00
PVC pipe cost (PIPE: row 43, col. 5;
Fig. 12b) 3.73 4.00
PVC pipe life (PIPE: row 43, col. 6;
Fig. 12b) 20.00 yrs. 25.00 yrs.

27

Current Value New Value
Cost of engine (E3X; row 11,
col. 9; Fig. 13) $17,800.00 $20,000.00
Labor on engine (IULT: row 4,
col. 3; Fig. 14) 0.06 0.10
Life of center-pivot distribution
system (VC4: row 1, col. 4;
Fig. 14) 15.00 yrs. 20.00 yrs.
Cost of center-pivot distribution
system (CPDS: col. 4; Fig. 15) $30,000.00 $35,000.00

At the cursor on the display of the machinery complement menu (Figure 8),
do
. <1> [RETURN]
which displays Figure 9a, the CPS array for 20-foot pipe sections. Note
the initial cursor location to the right of the entry at row 1, column 2.
As before, any entry is accessed by using the TAB key to relocate the
cursor. Also, a particular entry is changed the same as described above.
Thus, to effect the first change, relocate the cursor from its initial
location by doing
". [TAB] 44 times to arrive at row 6, column 6, then
". [RETURN].
Figure 8, the machinery complement menu, is redisplayed.
In event of typing an error, corrections are made as follows:
(1) if the cursor and error are at the same entry, use the DELETE/
ERASE key to remove the error, then enter the correct value;
(2) f the cursor is at a subsequent entry to the error, return the
cursor to the error with a BACK SPACE key, remove the error
with the DELETE/ERASE key, then enter the correct value;
(3) the user may complete all modifications to the current array
or immediately upon discovering an error at a previous entry,
return to the machinery complement menu, select the same array,
relocate the cursor to the error (with the TAB key), remove the

28

error with the DELETE/ERASE key, then enter the correct value.
The next three modifications to the machinery complement (GEAR,
PUMP and STGE arrays, Figure 10) are begun by doing
<3> [RETURN]
at the cursor on Figure 8. The modifications are made similarly as de-
scribed above, after which Figure 8 is redisplayed. Next, do
<6> [RETURN]
to make the modifications to the PIPE array (Figures 12a and 12b).
Figure 8 is again redisplayed following the modifications, and this pro-
cess is continued until all other modifications are made (ENGI array,
Figure 13; MULT and VC4 arrays, Figure 14; CPDS array, Figure 15). Then,
to exit from the machinery complement menu, at the cursor in Figure 8, do
<10> [RETURN]
when Figure 16 is displayed.

OPTIONS AT FIGURE 16
At the cursor in Figure 16, the options to the user are as follows
< > [RETURN]
[RETURN]
[RETURN].
The first option, nine blank spaces, is explained on the display (Figure
16). The second option saves the modified complement under the same
filename and filetype (DEFAULTO1.MCH), however, the version number would
increase. The third option allows the user to choose his own filename,
and the modifications are saved in DEFAULTO2.MCH.
After selecting one of the above options, the main menu (Figure 1)
is displayed. The user may access the machinery complement again and
create more modified machinery complements from the original default com-
plement (DEFAULTOI.MCH), or any existing complement (e.g., DEFAULT02.MCH).

To illustrate this example, do
. [RETURN].
DEFAULTO2.MCH is now saved, as a new machinery complement, in the user's
directory. Also, Figure 1-the main menu, is redisplayed.

29

ICG EXECUTION

At this point, the user has created any new irrigation system data
sets and/or any new machinery complement data sets. In the working
example presented herein, a new center-pivot system (IRRTESTO1.CPV) is
created. (A new machinery complement (DEFAULTO2.MCH) was also created
but for demonstration purposes.) To execute the ICG, at the cursor in
Figure 1, do
. <5> [RETURN].
Figure 17a is displayed, listing all original data sets for all irriga-
tion systems (DEFAULTO1.CPV, DEFAULTO1.HOS, DEFAULT01.CAB) and any modi-
fied data sets (e.g., IRRTESTOI.CPV). Also listed are original machinery
complement data sets (currently, only one exists-DEFAULTO1.MCH) and any
modified data sets (e.g., DEFAULTO2.MCH). In order to select the irri-
gation system and machinery complement for the ICG to use, do
. [RETURN]
when Figure 17b is displayed.

OPTIONS AT FIGURE 17B
The user has three options. First, at the cursor, do
< > [TAB]
S< > [RETURN]
to redisplay the main menu (Figure 1) without executing the ICG. Second,
at the cursor, do
. [RETURN]
to execute the ICG using the default entries in Figure 17b, that is,
the original machinery complement data set (DEFAULTO1.MCH) and the origi-
nal center-pivot irrigation system data set (DEFAULTOI.CPV). Third, the
user may select any existing machinery complement and/or any existing
irrigation system.

30

File Selections Scroll through the list of files using the P ar OOMN ARRO
keys, then press RETUN and enter the desired filname.

Directory USR:CIRRIG3
OEFAALTO1.CPV27 IRRTESTOt.CPVW3 OEFALUTO1.HOS 7 OEFAULTO .CAp ll
OEFAIRLTOi.MCH 17 DEFAULTO2.?CH I
Total of 6 files.

Figure 17a. List of irrigation system data sets and machinery comple-
ment data sets.

File Selection. Scroll through the list of files using the UP or OON ARROW
keys, then press RETURN and enter the desired Filename.

Directory USR:CIRRIG3
OEFAULT01.CPV; 27 IRRTESTOi.CPV;3 DEFAULTOi.HOS;i9 OEFAULTO1.CAB;i2
DEFAULTOi.MCH;17 OEFAULTOZ.MCH;:
Total of 6 files.

Which machinery file do you wish to process ? FAULTO (1Bank here )
Which system do you wish to use ? OEFAULTOI.CPV (and here to EXIT )

Figure 17b. Display allowing selection of an existing machinery
complement da:ta set and an existing irrigation system
data set.

31

Continuing with tha example herein, use the original machinery com-
plment (DEFALT01) and the modified center-pivot irrigation system
(IRBTESTO1.CPV). At the cursor, then, do
". [TAB]
". [RETURN].
After execution, Figure 1-the main menu-is again displayed. At
this point, a number of executions of the ICG can be made using various
combinations of original and modified irrigation systems and machinery
complements.

OUTPUT FORMATS

Each output is automatically given a filename identical to the file-
name of the irrigation system data set from which the output is derived.
Prior to printing the output from an ICG execution, the user may preview
any or all of the output sets from the various executions of the ICG. At
the cursor in Figure 1, do
. <6> [RETURN]
and Figure 18a is displayed. Listed is the default output data set
(DEFAULTO1.OUT) from executing the ICG using DEFAULTOI.CPV, the original
center-pivot data set. Also listed, is the output (IRRTEST01.OUT) from
the modified center-pivot data set (IRRTEST01.CPV). To select a data set
to preview, at the cursor, do
. [RETURN]
and Figure 18b is displayed.

OPTIONS AT FIGURE 18B
The user may "exit" to the main menu (Figure 1) by doing
< > [RETURN],
or preview the default output by doing
[RETURN].
Finally, the user may preview any other existing output data set.

32

File Selectiono Scroll through the list of files using the UP or DOWN ARROW
keys, thn press RETURN and enter the desired filaname.

Directory USR:CIRRIG3
DEFAULTOl. UT; 19 IRRTESTO0.OUT; 2
Total of 2 files.

Figure 18a. List of output data sets.

File Selection: Scroll through the list of Files using the UP or DOWN ARROW
keys, then press RETURN and enter the desired filename.

Directory USR:CIRRIG3
OEFAULTO. OUT; i9 IRRTEST0 OUT; 2

Total of 2 files.

Which Enterprise File do you wish to process ? MEFAULT01 (blank to exit)

Figure 18b. Display allowing selection of an existing output data
set.

33

For the example being presented, at the cursor, do
RETURN].
The user is provided with three types of output, namely, a "message"
section, followed by the physical/technical summary, then the financial/
economic summary. These are shown in Figures 19, 20 and 21, respectively.
The message section (Figure 19) gives warnings and information to
the user as regards any options used or any problems discovered by the
ICG. The user should contact the FARM Lab if there are questions in in-
tarpretation of messages.
Much of the information in Figure 20 is simply summarized from that
which our sample user provided on the input Forms (Figures 3 to 6). In
fact, each of the sections parallel those on the input Forms, including
summary information on THE FARM, THE WELL, THE PUMP, THE ENGINE, THE
CONTROL HEAD, and THE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM. Some numbers in Figure 20
are calculated by the ICG, such as water horsepower and continuous brake
horsepower required (see.THE ENGINE). A detailed explanation/definition
of each of these summary data is presented in Appendix D.
The financial/economic data are provided in Figure 21. Costs are
separated into overall categories of seasonal variable, fixed and their
total costs, and initial investment costs. Variable costs are repre-
sented by fuel, lubricants, repairs, and labor each per acre-inch per
season C$ AI/S),.per.acre.per season ($/A/S), and per season ($/S).
These costs are given for each system component (Well, Pump, Motor, or
Engine, Distribution) and for the entire system (Total) (see Figure 21).
The same breakdown is used for the fixed costs, represented by depreci-
ation, taxes, insurance, and interest.

"lNote that sales taxes are included in the purchase and initial in-
vestment costs. There will not, generally, be any other taxes for the
traveling gun and center-pivot systems. However, this possibility is
retained in the output formats because the ICG will soon be available
for systems where other taxes are relevant.

MARNING3DEPTH SITTING OF COLUMN PIPE I 70 F eIT) 70T SHALLOW.
OKPINH SETTING ADJUSTo TO 80. PreET.

Figure 19. messagee" page output format for thie sample user.
Figure 19. "Message" page out-put: format- for the sample user.

UHIVE RIIV OF FLORIDA
SASIGAISiM COSt PROGRAM
OIPAUL DAITA IIUIa CEHIRE-PIVoT l 4SlS CcImER-PIvOf SVwoNe
SVsEtH 3 DPC. |Io 91I
SVitH RaHOUIinBHNISeNCIIAACrEN IslICS AN cOSXa
511 FARM
NURIS OF OPERATIONS 43.O7 SRRIGAEIO ACHSt 32.00 IHCHRE APPLIED P9R ACESI ,0.0*
AVERAGE HCUII OPERAIONHI lS9.3e IorAL OVNAHIC MIA108 i3l.3 ILSAL ACHE-tiCIes APPLICtt 4l3.1L
LABaR COSI/iiMS 4*.I INSUWIANCI NAII i**o8 INCI[Ct PEH APPLICAtIOaNl l.o
IHIlftES IAfSI 0.14
118 WELL
MELL oEPDi M oeu. OltII 10 WMATE LEVELI 0o.0 *lILLIIAu COsl/la03 I It.O
WELL rIANIt .o OpII OF hELL CAIIhGI s0.00 CASING f0ll/fOOti $.io
VEARS OF WELL LI fI 40.00 IOIAL WELL CoSll ***4.00
1a11 PUMP
CALLCNS PEN MINUTES o900.0 PunP EfiCiCNCVi 0.rI PRESSUSIE IPSI AS OISCioANGEt :.**
DEPEl SEtllING COL. PIP$S e0.6s IIUNOGEH If AGE1 3 PIPe OIAHR1CEt *LSe
a EtRIA 10-rF SECISUNS CDO o FlO I i|AGV B 1 91.0o4 UUE O0AHnICMt .$L6
8o-rTi ECtI Sat 4 CosT PER ADDIIONAL Ai44i 4 3.0o0 SuiAFF DIANtEIE 1.609
COSt PER so-FI SeCCoUNH 3187.9 COl$f OP 8AGEi i8s85.00 cEAIeAO COrTI a460.04
COst PER eO-FI SECtlooHI 646.*6 SSAAShESt COit 60.00 PUHiOIA5s CUasTI #$i.*
CUOS OF COLe PIPIIES tS4.64 SUCi fOal |P: COilt J3.O0 IOIAL PUM COsi 62ies.*
VEARS OP COL. LIPi F**.04 VcARS OP St1Go Laig t.o0 VIAAI OP CGAIICaAO LIPIl as.**
file I[N41h
LIGI4l IHOUSIISAL ENGINE COal! 1500.00 ODIVE EFrICIctIlCVI *.t
OICSL PFUkL FUEL COSl/UN lll 1.3S MAI R 4 lISEPOWEI 8).04
NSGlIE HAS ALI** AIR CLEANER LUORICAHN CO VTGALS 1.03 CONIl0UUM SlAKE SP IIEQuliEOS 1S.**
ENGIN|1 HAS IIAOSDIATO AND FAN agoU OF EN GIN LE l 30o00. CaNS HNOUS OIAKE IP UUEOI 4li6..
IISlt-ANGLI DRIVE ALii LUDEI 00.0o NH AVG*. DAILY EICP.I .90.0
I1il CONTROL iICAD
COSl OP GArI VALVE 340.00 Cost ISI FLIO HmeII sI .o.0 OaAL COaHROL SLEAO COilS 54.006e
COiS OF ClIECI VALVE 347.00 CaOl rF Vy-IIMA DNR 8&9.00
IEl OIIIaSUFIION SYSITE
HAIN LINE OeLIo GaOUND PIPE HAIEIAALS PVC LAIERAL LENWIaO8 )8)
PIPE LH0 GI ***8 0.00 P IPE CIIf COi. OF S ill. sVSt. PRopIIs 3WS0Ii.*
PIPE DoAEE1ali .00E MAIN LIIN COait 37.30 LOSS ALLOuWED IPSI/ioo0sert 6.*
RCICfION LOSS IN FIt/lo4 T POI F HAI LINE 8 i3.81
IOlAL FRICIIOH LOSS IN PSI FOR MASI LIHNE 0.06
PRESSURE IN PSI ReauiaEo Ar WELLIIEAo AND OISCHARGEc. RCSPECIIVELVi IS.o4 v***

Figure 20. Physical/technical output format for the sample user.
e

SE A S O AL C O S O I RR I GAT I ON
PERPORHND ON 1S/aa/01

SOURCE Op ----------------------------------
IvPE 4HD S V S TE CO POIN NTS
SOURCE OF
COSTS WELL PUMP MOTOR OR ENGINE DIAIRSOUI loi TOIAL

VARIABLE COSTS
FUEL i /AI/S 0.0 0.0 8.10 0.** *.*
SS/A/SI 0.0 0.0 50.98 0.0 s.***
is/So 0.0 0.0 1629.56 00 6*129.06
LU RICANTS I/AI/SI 0.0 0.0 0.40 0.0 0.40
/4A/$ 0.0 0.0 3*o97 0. 3.91
.(/S) 0.0 0.0 t84.10 0Se S24.30
REPAIRS I /AI/SI 0.0 0.06 0.12 i*26 8*04
S/A/S0. 0 o.5r 1.24 8.)63 64.44
I/So 0.0 75.45 863.93 $4<6.66 1906.04
LAOUR IS/A1/SI 0.0 0.0 0.12 *.2* **03
I/A/) 0.0 0.0 l.ts 1.60 3.01
s/S 0.0 0.0 8 9.2a 343.2o0 e0.44
SUIOAL /A/S 0 0.06
/SIl 0.6 79.451 ISIt0S 009. 06 9662.36
FIEDO COSTS
DEPRECIAIION S/Al/I 0. 08 0.33 0.84t I. 3.l3
I/A/S 0.16 3.25 6.43
s/SI 100.00 429.52 689*.4* *0o2.16 oe0.0:
IAxES i/A/SI 0 0.0 0o.oo.0 .
I /A/i o 0.0 0.0 **
0S/s. 0.0o o.o **
INSURANCE 1/AI/S 0.0 0.01, 0.04 S.I* as
S/A/Si 0.0 0.31 5.43 |.4 .

INIEREST */Al/SI 0.21 0.36 0.50 s* 2.09
S/A/S- 2.12 3 .6 5.04 3I* 2?.
I/1s) 20.00 41r.4 66O.00 821 36l.SO
SUOIOIAL I/AI/SI 0.2v 0.7* 0.69 3042 .
/A/t 2.a s o.90 34*.10 1
IS/SI 300.00 941 .9i 98l.4 4*6181 67 S.
IOIAL COSIS IS/AI/SI 0.29 *0.7 0.4 4.94 8*043
II/ASI .-----8 64.20 41.48 at,4
--5 10 380.00 1023.36 0400.20 SS6. ii 1612.141
INIIIAL INVESINEIII 1/A^ 30.30 91.67 f.T9F 141.84 305.0
--- ---- ------- 4000.00 6021.00 1 o.oo 36143.30 16644.i0
---------------------- -----------------------------------,----------- --------~------------ ------------
11il ISS ALSO He1 AOOIt0ON4L OR MARGINAL COST Of APPLYING ONE HOOR ACRE-IHNC# OF WAItL. GIVEN PRnICE SUoaltteO.
(t/Al/SI) OLtLAIS PER ACRE-INCH PER StASON
I(/A/SI DOLLARS PER ACRE PIR SCASOi
S/SI DOLLARS PER SEASON

Figure 21. Financial/economic output format for the sample user.

37

Investment requirements are included in the seasonal costs through
an assumption of using the system only on the tract of land specified
and for one harvest. Annamlized costs are calculated on the basis of
the life of the system. Costs can also be estimated for the multiple
harvest case, or where the system is used on more than one tract. The
user should contact the FARM Lab for details.
The initial total investment requirements per acre and per season
are also presented (Figure 21). For our sample user, the initial in-
vestment requirement is $395.18 per acre, or $52,164.30 in total.
The farmer who already has a system installed will be especially
concerned with the "subtotal" under variable costs as measured by the
$/AI/S value. This is an estimate of the additional or "marginal" cost
of adding one more acre-inch of water within a season. For our sample
user, it will be profitable to add one more acre-inch if the additional
or marginal value from crop production exceeds $7.32 (Figure 21).
At this point, the user may also review the machinery complement
data. This may be either the default file or a modified machinery com-
plement. In this example, it is DEFAULTO1.MCH.
Having previewed the output and/or reviewed the machinery comple-
ment, do
. [RETURN]
to get back to the main menu (Figure 1). At this point, the user may
continue to preview any other output data sets. Finally, to "exit" from
the ICG main menu, at the cursor in Figure 1, do
. <7> [RETURN].
The user is now interactive with the VAX as evidenced by the com-
mand prompt, '$', from the VAX. Any of the original or modified input
and/or output files used during the execution of the ICG may be printed.
The manner of printing copies depends on the particular terminal facili-
ties at the user's disposal. At this point, the user can access the ICG
again and continue to create more files, execute the ICG and print modi-
fied and output files. Otherwise, the user's work is completed.
. Sign off. from the VAX.

38

Sample output foamats, showing an analysis of the input default
values for the cable-tow traveling gn system, appear in Appendix B.

APPENDIX A

DEFAULT DATA SETS FOR TRAVELING GUN

40

Data Set i TRAVELINC-UN SYSTEM (CABLE-TOV) Fore 1 of 4
Filmnae i DEFAULT01 (Change If you wish to create a new file)
Identification a

THE FARM
Acres irrigated ( i) 90.00
Inches/acre this year ( 2) 6.00
Average inches/acre/year (67) 6.00
Average inches applied per application ( 3) 1.00
Interest rate (xiOO %) (21) 0.12
Insurance rate (xiOO X) (22) 0.006
Labor cast (/hour) (23) 4.00

THE WELL
Depth of well (feet) ( 6) 400.00
Pumping, depth of water (feet) ( 7) 50.00
Depth of well-casing (feet) (68) 100.00
Well life (years) (27) 40.00
Do au want to return to the main annu (Y/N)? N

Figure A.1 Form 1 of the-cable-tow traveling gun default data set.

Backup?(Y/N) N Form 2 of 4-

THE PUMP
Depth setting of column pipe (feet) ( 9) 70.00
Row number from column pipe and shaft array (10) 6.00
Number of stages (if 0, than progr will determine) (11) 0.00
Gallons/ainuat produced by the pump ( 4) 500.00
Pressure (psi) at the pivot ( 5) 100.00
Pump efficiency (x00 %X) (12) 0.75
Stage life (years) (28) 12.00
Column life (years) (29) 15.00
Gearhead life (years) (30) 15.00

THE CONTROL HEAD
Optional units (0ONo, iYes): Flow meter (71) 1.00
Cate valve (72) 1.00
Y-strainer (73) 0.00
Check valve (74) 1.00

Figure A.2 Form 2 of the cable-tow traveling gun default data set.

41

Backup7(Y/N) N Foar 3 of 4

THE ENGINE

Fuel type (i=LP, 3=diesel, 4=electric) (13) 3.00
Engine type (l-=auto, Z=light ind., 3=inter. ind., 4=electric) (14) 2.00
Row number from engine array(if O,then program will determine) (15) 0.00
Altitude above sea level (feet) (16) 150.00
Maximum average daily temperature (F) (17) 30.00
Use of heat exchanger (engine types 1, 2, or 3) (0=No, l=Yes) (18) 0.00
Type of drive(0adirect,i=right angle,2=Vee belt,3=flat belt) (20) 1.00
Fuel cost (s/gal or S/kwh) (31) 1.20
Lubricant cost (S/gal) (32) 7.00
Electric motor life (hours) (35) 50000.00
Automotive engine life (hours) (36) 20000.00
Light ind. engine life (hours) (37) 30000.00
Inter. ind. engine life (hours) (38) 40000.00

Figure A.3 Form 3 of the cable-tow traveling gun default data set.

Backup?(Y/N) N THE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM Form 4 of 4

Distance between sets (Feet) (41) 300.00
Pressure loss allowed in pipe (psi/1000 Feet) (39) 11.00
Cost of above ground valves (S/valve) (33) 125.00
Cost of below ground valves ($/valve) (34) 150.00
Digtributinn Iinae. -irtion One Main Line
Line Type (i=above ground, 2=below ground) (42) 2.00
Line length (feet) (43) 1060.00
Row number from pipe array (44) 42.00
Option to increase pipe size, if needed (O=yes, i=no) (45) 1.00
Distihution Lino; Section Two FIexihle Hosa
Line length (feet) (48) 660.00
Row number from pipe array (49) 32.00
Option to increase pipe size, if needed (O=yes, i=no) (50) 1.00
Distribution Linea Section Three Altae ata Main Line
Line type(6=above ground, 5=below ground, 7=this section not used)(52) 5.00
Line length (feet) (53) 1060.00

Do you want a listing of the machinery complement (Y/N)? N

Figure A.4 Form 4 of the cable-tow traveling gun default data set.

42

Data Set a TRAVELINC-CUN SYSTEM (HOSE-TOW) Form 1 of 4

Filensme : DEFAULTO (Change if you wish to create a new file)
Identification :

THE FARM
Acres irrigated ( 1) 90.00
Inches/acre this year ( 2) 6.00
Average inches/acre/year (67) 6.00
Average inches applied per application ( 3) i.00
Interest rate (xiOO = %) (21) 0.12
Insurance rate (xi00 = X) (22) 0.006
Labor cost ($/hour) (23) 4.00

THE WELL
Depth of well (feet) ( 6) 400.00
Pimping depth of water (Feet) ( 7) 50.00
Depth of well-casing (feet) (68) 100.00
yell life (years) (27) 40.00

Do you want to return to the main menu (Y/N)? N

Figure A.5 Form 1 of the hose-tow traveling gun default data set.

Backup?(Y/M) N Form 2 of 4

THE PUMP
Depth setting of column pipe (feet) ( 9) 70.00
Row number From column pipe and shaft array (10) 6.00
Number of stages (if 0, then program will determine) (11) 0.00
Gallons/minute produced by the pump ( 4) 500.00
Pressure (psi) at the pivot ( 5) 100.00
Pump efficiency (xOO0 = 1) (12) 0.75
Stage life (years) (28) 12.00
Column life (years) (29) 15.00
Gearhead life (years) (30) 15.00

THE CONTROL HEAD
Optional units (0ONo, l-Yes): Flow meter (71) 1.00
Cate valve (72) 1.00
Y-strainer (73) 0.00
Check valve (74) 1.00

Figure A.6 Form 2 of the hose-tow traveling gun default data set.

43

Backup?(Y/N) N Form 3 of 4

THE ENGINE

Fuel type (iLP, 3*diesel, 4=electric) (13) 3.00
Engine type (1=auto, Z2light ind., 3=inter. ind., electric) (14) 2.00
Row number from engine array(if 0,then program will determine) (15) 0.00
Altitude above sea level (Feet) (16) 150.00
Maximum average daily temperature (F) (17) 90.00
Use of heat exchanger (engine types 1, 2, or 3) (O=No, i=Yes) (18) 0.00
Type of drive(0=direct,i=right angle,Z=Vee belt,3=Flat belt) (20) i.00
Fuel cost ($/gal or 5/kwh) (31) 1.20
Lubricant cost ($/gal) (32) 7.00
Electric motor life (hours) (38) 50000.00
Automotive engine life (hours) (36) 20000.00
Light ind. engine life (hours) (37) 30000.00
Inter. ind. engine life (hours) (38) 40000.00

Figure A.7 Form 3 of the hose-tow traveling gun default data set.

Backup?(Y/N) N THE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM Form 4 of 4
Distance between sets (feet) (41) 300.00
Pressure loss allowed in pipe (psi/1000 Feet) (39) 11.00
Cost of above ground valves ($/valve) (33) 125.00
Cost of below ground valves ($/valve) (34) 150.00
Distribution Line: Section Onh Main Line
Line Type (i=above ground, 2=below ground) (42) 2.00
Line length (Feet) (43) 1060.00
Row number from pipe array (44) 42.00
Option to increase pipe size, if needed (O=es, i=no) (45) 1.00
Distibution Liner Section Two Flexible Hose
Line length (feet) (48) 660.00
Row number from pipe array (49) 39.00
Option to increase pipe size, if needed (0=yes, i=no) (50) 1.00
Distribution Line Saection Three Altermata Main Line
Line type(6=above ground, 5=below ground, 7=this section not used)(52) 5.00
Line length (feet) (53) 1060.00

Do you want a listing of the machinery complement (Y/N)? N

Figure A.8 Form 4 of the hose-tow traveling gun default data set.

APPENDIX B

OUTPUT FORMATS FOR CABLE-TOW TRAVELING GUN

LARGERGER LATERAL PIPE RECOMMENDED FOR DISTRIBUTION LINESECTION a BUT NONE ALLOWED***

Ln

Figure B.1 "Message" page output format for default data of cable-tow traveling gun.

IAfIAIcost COIl PAodAHA
,nAVSlLIO, CI, S6 M ENsI CAOLSI-fw In. CUISCAOo.-gO *VSt
OEFALLUI AIA OiC. S* it9$*
S stW N aOouIAnHEMElISClAARAC|ERIISics.AIM) case$
I)I rM
los Or OPEIIA|IOis 4**.* IRIGAIEO ACeis o 0.00 |CcigS APPLIED PEll ACRI lSa
,,,,,,,a,, ,,I,,.s -111,,... :PPLI16 "1oo
AvIeIIAE gIdts OP"A(I(.I J 40.1.0 IOAL OVNLAIC 01AGi 31E.00 ToAL ACRI-|IClES PP.la e.e
LABO COSIIINS 4.06 ISNCIluAiCI nAtlE 0.00 INCleS P t APPLICATIONt i.40
ItHi111 E NAIIl 4.11
Slslt wlLL
WILL OSPIIII *00.0 ODPIII 10 MAoCR LELI, so.o0 KILLING COSI/rUOI, .
WELL DIA*.o o0.0 OUEPill OF WELL CAS 6 0 0.00 (AI COSI ,/OO I I .4
VlAnS of WELL LIVII t .0a ISIAL wELL COS i Sio *.

a exRA lO-Fl Sl SOE SCI IT OF L aNS1 IAG1S 199.006 UoE DJN6A .11 .
ai-F SIC )Nh o a caOS PER ADDI IONiL l441IAI 13.0o0 SArr OIAMeIeS 1
"cost Pan o 0-rl U lOtl S.OI Co Sc Gi 3 31.00 GrA*4IA40 CaOSI 4 3. .0
cost Pea &s-r- S.1iC Oal 46..e0 alakR COSf1 *O U.PU0AE t8U M 1A*
:0o1 CUL. P PSll it$.3 SUcII0o 0iPs or ASI 13.00 lolAL PUmP CO I **. I**
VJAAR or COL. L r11. VIARS OF s*4AG LlLe 18.00 VAANS of EHltlIEAD LI.I $1.4O
isal IEsG6I
"LI'"g INDSuISRIAL 9411' '"S0 COS" 6"4***".' Aiv aerrIfSCIC r
OtesEL ruEL FruL COSI/UfHit l..3 0 14ta 1iItS1Po4a jit.
11HCIhe I4 H ALT, AAsA CLEANIM LUBRICANI CO0t/ 4ALs 1.00 CoU j UOUs a*A* Air llIt taIllset 16.*i
111141ie HAS lA AO to AMo FA0 A OURS Of g41414h L il 30400. CIaUNstetJs MtAKE oi P USI 4-
PigoI4a-ANCGLI aIVa ALlI1IUa. 61*.*00 AMe AVG. &AILVY SlOe.O S0.M
iSiE COIInAL IleAD
coSl OF cAIN ALVII ill,.a COS of PLO NIII 1..0o0 ,,AL Co-IOCL IIAD COStS ,,83,.,
COl CF CEliCot VALS o iS O V-SoIarurS 4.0
wil ODIIRUIUlTION SiSe14
OISIAICI IertAeN StIIs S0 COsr PcFIr OEL 4 00uRO VALVII 130.60 LOSS ALLOMCO iPSi/itOOarr Ig
r Uof ELOW GAROuD VALV.CS ..0 4 COls or VALV 4s 6I0a.o0 C0o, Of 4..r cucAA. L .RL.
SecTIoIN ONE sECIIIoH IsO sIcrIon Il 4r
MAAiI LilIe 0ELOl GR D LEOULrXILE 01 ALIRMNAIf MAIN LINril .S e GulHe
|piLcUIVIi (oi *.ol 1460e HUSE 4,9i I C ist(. PIPe AiTERIALS PVC I0ll IIptt LAT-F PiP w IHIALI
PIlE CCst/POIt *.89 lOase COSt/fioOll 6.1 PIPE coSl/rooDt a. 9
PAIN Ll1i4 COStI 4is.6 lOSti COSMl 4S94.00
fRICSiOO LOSS IN r/I1000 Fr P fu H4AI LIOt AND 1l.sS IaCSPECIaVELVI 14. 4 36.91
Ir*A.L rniCliCH LUSS IN PSI for HAi4 L1e11 AND siOSE. RESPEClIVCLV I O.Sa 6.ia
PIESSISRI IH Ps ncouis aCQU t At LLIICAO AsO OsSCEAARGe neSPcIiVCIa-vI t.r1 I0.**

Figure B.2 Physical/technical output format for default data of cable-tow traveling gun.

I A A L 1C8 8 aI i in i i ii

CaNSs MLL( PUUP M4SIOn 00 IH 41I sIsIaIOurIOM OI5N.
*ANAIL4 COSIS
rU /A/si .* ., o. ,
$/so see 8.44. i*4 4.a 1rt*
"A"I: : .,A.I tt
I, ,8 :.04s :.

S/"'",' 1: 1:1i
) i .* .
LaS C/fl/Sl **S *. ,.*0 2**

i1s/A .a 0 l: 1
IU It/ll *tfll X ** *I t uliaa *x.6
rM*eO cr ts
II;IL *.oI .. ..1: ..l11 .t: .-
IgAMIS */A l/ * 8.. 0.o e.e .
6*. ,.,, : ,.f: 1.:1 efE:I
'"'" "t i:I ""t: isi i!
l"" /"*" I'"" iii o.., li! 2.2 **"*
$JAl 4i.I l I14. 1

***---------------------- *-------------8
"I'"L Ut 2:-9 U.il sif.! ""A1
1:,./41 5. ..l

I *'Si.i -OLLAS PEN ACNE P A ItSO
10riL CO S 1 IAlI/ I.i an 1 a .

IIP/II PDLLANI PftI M UA /S *) Do00LARS FP S ASON

Figure B.3 Financial/economic output format for default data of cable-tow traveling gun.
Figure B.3 Financial/economic output formiat for default data of cable-tow traveling gpn.

APPENDIX C

GLOSSARY OF TERMS FOR THE INPUT FORMS

49

(Entry numbers refer to input Forms illustrated in Figures 3-6 and
A.1-A.8.)

The Farm

Acres Irrigated (1): Total number of acres which the described system
is to irrigate.
Inches/acre this year (2): Inches/acre to be applied in the current
year, or in the "short run".
Average inches/acre/year (67): The average number of acre-inches
applied per acre per year to the acres noted in (1) above, in the
"long run".
Average inches applied per application (3): The number of inches/acre
applied in a single application.
Interest rate (21): A percentage interest charge which will be made on
the average capital investment on the well, pump, motor or engine,
and distribution system.
Insurance rate (22): The appropriate entry is the percentage that
annual insurance charges are of purchase value of the pump, motor
or engine, and distribution system.
Labor cost (23): This is the wage rate in dollars per hour for irriga-
tion labor.

The Well

Depth of well (6): The total depth, in feet, of the well when drilled,
rather than the column pipe depth or the pumping depth of water.
Pumping depth of water (7): This is the average number of feet water
must be lifted. This is deeper than the static water level but
less than the depth of the well.
Depth of well-casing (68): Depth, in feet, to which the well is to be
cased.
Well life (27): Life expectancy of the well, in years.

50

The Pump

Depth setting of column pipe ( 9): The number of feet of column pipe
required. The column pipe depth is a multiple of 10 feet and is
always adjusted to be at least 20 feet below the pumping depth of
water..
Row number from column pipe and shaft array (10): A row number is
selected from the CPS array. The row of the array most nearly
describing the column pipe in the well, or planned for the well,
should be selected. The array can be found on page 19.
Number of stages (if 0, the program will determine) (11): The proper
entry is the number of pump stages in the well. If no entry is
made, the program will compute the number of stages to deliver the
pressure specified at entry 5.
Gallons/minute produced by the pump (4): The average discharge rate for
the pump.
Pressure (psi) at the final opening (5): This is the pressure required
at the pivot for center-pivot systems and at the elbow of the gun
for traveling gun systems. The ICG operates for both high- and low-
pressure systems.
Pump efficiency (12): The effectiveness of the pump in delivering a
flow rate and an operating pressure to the irrigation system.
Typically, a new pump is 70 to 80 percent efficient.
Stage life (28): Life expectancy of the stages or pump, in years.
Column life (29): Life expectancy of the column pipe, strainer and
suction pipe, in years.
Gearhead life (30): Life expectancy of the gearhead and pumpbase, in
years.

51

The Control Head

Optional units (0-no, 1-yes) (71, 72,.73, 74): Optional use of each of
flow meter, gate valve, Y-strainer (for center-pivot) and check
valve.

The Engine

Fuel type (1-Liquefied Petroleum Gas, 3-Diesel, 4-Electricity) (13):
The fuel used by the system is specified by entering the appropriate
number.
Engine type (1=Automotive, 2-Light Industrial, 3=Intermediate Industrial,
4=Electric) (14): Internal combustion engines, may be specified by
entering 1, 2, or 3; 4 for electric motor.
Row number from engine array (if 0, the program will determine) (15):
A row number from the ENGI array found on page 22 may be entered.
However, if the user wishes the program to select the proper engine
size from the array, no entry should be made. The selection is
based on pump and drive efficiencies.
Altitude above sea level (16): The altitude, in feet, of the power unit
above sea level.
Maximum daily temperature (17): Average maximum temperature (F) at the
power unit during the hottest part of the irrigation year.
Use of heat exchanger (0-no, l-yes) (18): This is in order to replace
the radiator and fan with a heat exchanger to achieve greater effi-
ciency from an internal combustion engine.
Type of drive (20): Type of drive on the engine, such as direct, right-
angle gear, V-belt, or flat belt.
Fuel cost (31): The fuel charge for the fuel type specified at entry 13.
should be entered. The appropriate units are dollars per gallon for
diesel fuel and LP gas, and dollars per kilowatt-hour (KWH) for
electricity.

52

Lubricant cost (32): This is the expected charge ($/gal) for lubricants
(oil) purchased to keep the system operating.
Electric motor life (35): Hours of life expected for an electric motor.
Automotive engine life (36): Hours of life expected for internal com-
bustion engines of the automotive type.
Life industrial engine life (37): Hours of life expected for internal
combustion engines of the light industrial type.
Intermediate industrial engine life (38): Hours of life expected for
internal combustion engines of the intermediate industrial type.

The Distribution System (for center-pivot)

Lateral length (41): This is the length, in feet, of the distribution
system proper, from the pivot point to the end gun.
Pressure loss allowed in pipe (PSI/1000 feet) (39): When the program
is allowed to adjust pipe size ['0' at entry 45] it will continue
to do so until the pressure loss per 1000 feet is less than the
figure entered.
Main line type (42): The two possible entries are:
1. above ground,
2. below ground.
Main line length (43): This is the length of main line, in feet.
Row number from pipe array (44): The desired pipe for the main line is
chosen from the PIPE array illustrated on page 21. The corresponding
row number of the desired pipe is entered in the blank.
Option to increase main line pipe size, if needed (0-yes, 1-no) (45):
The user can allow the ICG to increase, if necessary, the pipe size
of the main line due to friction loss criteria. Any. increase de-
pends on the availability (in the PIPE array) of pipe of the type
(material) identified at entry 44 (see PIPE array, Figure 12b).

53

The Distribution System (for traveling gun--Appendix A)

Distance between sets (41): Distance in feet, between valves on the
main line; or distance between hose connections to the main line of
the distribution system proper.
Pressure loss allowed in pipe (PSI/1000 feet) (39): When the program is
allowed to adjust pipe size ['0' at entry 45 and/or 50] it will con-
tinue to do so until the pressure loss per 1000 feet is less than
the figure entered.
Cost of above ground valves (33): Cost of the type of valve to attach to
a main line lying above ground.
Cost of below ground valves (34): Cost of the type of valve to attach to
a main line lying below ground.

The Distribution-Line Sections (One--Main Line, Two-Flexible Hose,
Three-Alternate Main Line) are discussed collectively since the corre-
sponding entries are similar. At this point, the user is guided to refer
closely to the specified entry numbers and the Traveling Gun Input Forms
(Appendix A).

Line type (1,6'above ground, 2,5-below ground, 7-this section not used)
(42,52): Entries of '1' and '6' (or '2' and '5') describe the loca-
tion of the main line pipe (entry 42) and alternate main line (entry
52), respectively. With such entries the program operates with a
centrally located pump in a rectangular field, and with only one gun
available. Consequently, there are two main lines attached to the
pump, of which one is in use while the other is idle, during irriga-
tion.
An entry of '7'(entry 52) enables the ICG to operate with a
peripheral pump and a single main line; i.e., no alternate main line.

54

Line length (43, 48, 53): These are the lengths, in feet, of the main
line (entry 43), flexible hose (entry 48) and alternate main line
(entry 53).
Row number from pipe array (44, 49): The desired pipes for the main
line (entry 44) and hose (entry 49) are chosen from the PIPE array
illustrated on page 21. The corresponding row numbers of the de-
sired pipes are entered in the respective blanks. Generally, the
hose is smaller in diameter than the main liness.
Option to increase pipe size, if needed (0-yes, 1-no) (45, 50): The
user can allow the ICG to increase, if necessary, the pipe size of
the main lines) (entry 45) and/or the hose (entry 50), due to fric-
tion loss criteria. Any increase depends on the availability (in
the PIPE array) of pipes of the respective types (materials) identi-
fied by entries 44 and 49 (see the PIPE array, Figures 12a and 12b).

APPENDIX D

GLOSSARY OF TERMS FOR THE OUTPUT FORMS

56

D.1 System Requirements, Characteristics, and Costs

(Entry numbers refer to Input Forms illustrated in Figures 3-6 and
A.1 A.8.)

The Farm

Hours of operation: Short run operation based on current ("short run")
conditions of water application (entry 2) and pumping rate (entry 4).
Average hours operation: Long run operation based on average ("long
run") condition of water application (entry 67) and current ("short
run") condition of pumping rate (entry 4).
Labor cost per hour: Cost of labor specified at entry 23.
Irrigated acres: Total number of acres specified at entry 1.
Total dynamic head: Computed by the program. The total pressure, in
feet, to: (1) raise water to required level, (2) overcome friction
losses, (3) operate the distribution system.
Insurance rate: Insurance rate as entered at entry 22.
Interest rate: Interest rate as entered at entry 21.
Inches applied per acre: Number of inches applied this year as speci-
fied at entry 2.
Total acre-inches applied: Computed by the program. The total volume
of water pumped this year, based on acres irrigated and inches of
water applied per acre this year.
Inches per application: Number of inches per application as supplied
by the user at entry 3.

The Well

Well depth: This is supplied by the user at entry 6. This is the total
depth of the well and is used to compute drilling costs.
Well diameter: This is computed as one pipe diameter greater than the
column pipe diameter.

57

Depth to water level: Average distance water must be lifted during
pumping. Controlled by the user at entry 7.
Depth of well casing: Depth of well casing specified at eitry 68.
Years of well life: Expected life of the well as entered at entry 27.
Drilling cost per foot: Average cost per foot for drilling the well.
This depends on the well diameter. Comes from DEVL array.
Casing cost per foot: Average cost per foot for casing the well. This
depends on the well diameter. Comes from DEVL array.
Total well cost: This is the total cost of drilling and casing the well.

The Pump

Gallons per minute: Gallons per minute to be pumped as specified at
entry 4.
Depth setting of column pipe: Supplied by the user at entry 9; this
depth is the length of column pipe inserted into the well to locate
the pump at least 20 feet below the average pumping depth of water.
# Extra 10-foot section: This will have a value of 0 or 1. If '0',
there is no need for an extra 10-foot section of column pipe. If
'1', an extra 10-foot section has been used.
# 20-foot section: This, at most, provides for 20 feet of column pipe
deeper than the pumping depth to water.
Cost per 10-foot section: This price of 10-foot column pipe section
comes from the CPS array. Controlled by ICG as 10 rows in the CPS
array from the row number specified at entry 10.
Cost per 20-foot section: This price of 20-foot column pipe section
comes from CPS array. Controlled by the user through entry 10.
Cost of column pipe: This is the total cost of all 20- and 10-foot
sections of pipe required for the column.
Years of column life: Life expectancy of the column pipe, strainer and
suction pipe as controlled by the user with entry 29.
Pump efficiency: Efficiency of pump as designated by the user at entry
12.

58

Number of stages: Set by user with entry 11 or computed by the program
if no entry is made. It is the number of pump stages used by the
system.
Cost of first stage: Come directly from the STGE array of the machinery
complement. It is the cost of the first stage of the pump assembly,
which is sized on the basis of the pumping rate (entry 4) and size
of column pipe (entry 10).
Cost per additional stage: Cost of each additional stage required which
comes directly from the STGE array.
Cost of stages: Total cost of all stages used.
Strainer cost: Cost of strainer located at the pump intake in the well
and needed by the system. Comes directly from the CPS array and is
set by the user through entry 10.
Suction pipe cost: Cost of suction pipe located below the pump in the
well and needed by the system. Comes directly from the-CPS array
and is set by the user through entry 10.
Years of stage life: Expected life of the pump assembly as controlled
through entry 28.
Pressure (psi) at discharge: Irrigation system operating pressure as
specified at entry 15.
Pipe diameter: Diameter of the column pipe set by the user through
entry 10. Comes from the CPS array.
Tube diameter: Diameter of the tube located in the column pipe to
protect the shaft. Set by the user through entry 10. Comes from
the CPS array.
Shaft diameter: Diameter of the shaft located in the column pipe for
operating the pump assembly. Set by the user through entry 10.
Comes from the CPS array.
Gearhead cost: Cost comes directly from the GEAR array and is selected
by the program based upon the nonderated continuous braie horse-
power as computed by the program.
Pumpbase cost: Cost of the pumpbase, which is selected by the program

59

from the PUMP array using the column pipe diameter and shaft dia-
meter.
Total pump cost: Includes the cost of the column pipe, the stages or
pump assembly, the strainer, the suction pipe, the gearhead and the
pumpbase.
Years of gearhead life: Expected life of the gearhead and pumpbase
controlled by the user at entry 30.

The Engine

Engine or motor type: Indicates the results of the user-entry at
entry 14.
Fuel type: Indicates the type of fuel to be used. Controlled by entry
13.
"Engine has Alt., Air Cleaner": This statement is not printed for
electric motors. The purchased internal combustion engine will have
an alternator and air cleaner.
"Engine has Radiator and Fan" or "Engine has Heat Exchanger": Con-
trolled by entry 18, either entry is printed only for internal
combustion engines. The purchased engine will have a radiator and
fan, but if a heat exchanger is used instead, then drive efficiency
will be increased to reflect an increased power unit efficiency.
Drive type: This is controlled by the user with entry 20.
Engine cost: Cost of the engine or motor selected. Comes directly
from the ENGI array through entry 15. The user can allow the ICG
to select the appropriate engine size.
Fuel cost per unit: Price of a unit of fuel as specified by the user
using entry 31.
Lubricant cost per gallon:. Cost of lubricants used in the system.
Controlled by the user at entry 32.
Hours of engine life: Hours of life for which the engine or motor can
be expected to operate. The user can alter this value by using
appropriately, entries 35, 36, 37, or 38.

60

Altitude: Altitude at which the power unit is operating. To reflect
changing altitudes, adjustment is made in engine efficiency for
internal combustion engines only. Controlled by the use of entry 16.
Drive efficiency: Assessed by the ICG using "drive type" information
from entry 20. Reflects mechanical losses associated with various
types of drives as opposed to a direct connection between the pump
and power unit.
Water horsepower: Computed by ICG based on the lift of water, computed
friction loss in the distribution system, irrigation system
operating pressure, and flow rate.
Continuous brake horsepower required: Computed by the program from
water horsepower, pump and drive efficiencies, and with corrections
for operating altitude and temperature. This is a continuous
horsepower requirement for a power unit with previously specified
accessories (Alt., Air Cleaner, and Radiator-Fan or Heat Exchanger).
Continuous brake horsepower used: If the user specifies, at entry 15,
which engine size is to be used, this entry is the horsepower
specified in the ENGI array. The engine size specified may be
larger or smaller than required. If the program is allowed to
select the engine size, the entry found will always be the horse-
power of the first commercially available engine larger than the
horsepower printed as the "Brake Horsepower Required."
Maximum average daily temperature: Average maximum daily temperature
expected at the power unit. Adjustment is made in internal com-
bustion engine efficiency to reflect the temperature effect on
engine operation. This item is controlled using entry 17.

The Control Head

Cost of gate valve: The cost of a gate valve located by the well, con-
trolled by entry 72. Comes from the CONT array.
Cost of check valve:' The cost of a check valve located by the well,

61

controlled by entry 74. Comes from the CONT array.
Cost of flow meter: The cost of a flow meter located by the well,
controlled by entry 71. Comes from the CONT array.
Cost of Y-stralner: The cost of a Y-strainer located by the well,
controlled by entry 73. Comes from the CONT array.
Total control head cost: The total cost of all units used (entries
71 to 74) in the control head.

The Distribution System (for center-pivot)

Pipe description: This is identified as "Main Line Below Ground" or
"Main Line Above Ground". Specified by using entry 42.
Pipe length: Length, in feet, of the main line, controlled by entry 43.
Pipe diameter: Diameter, in inches, of the main line pipe used. Comes
directly from the PIPE array. Controlled by the use of entry 44.
Pipe material: The main line pipe types (materials) are specified in
the PIPE array using entry 44. The options are PVC and aluminum
pipe.
Pipe cost/foot: Cost per foot of main line pipe comes directly from
the PIPE array through entry 44.
Main line cost: Cost of all main line pipe used in the system. The
main line may be above ground or below ground.
Lateral length: Length of pipe (of the distribution system proper)
from the pivot to end gun. Controlled by entry 41.
Cost of distribution system proper: Cost of the lateral distribution
system for a center-pivot irrigation system. Comes directly from
the CPDS array. Controlled by the user with the number of acres
indicated at entry 1.
Loss allowed (PSI/1000 ft.): Maximum pressure loss allowed in main
line pipe. Controlled by entry 39.
Friction loss in feet/1000 ft. for main line: The actual friction loss
in the main line pipe is generated from the entries in "The

62

Distribution System!' (entries 42-45), and will not exceed 2.31 times
the value at entry 39.
Total friction loss in psi for main line: Friction loss in main line.
The value is derived from the value above the length of the main
line pipe.
Pressure in psi required at wellhead and discharge, respectively: The
discharge or irrigation system operating pressure is controlled by
entry 5. This value, added to the total friction loss (from above)
between the wellhead and the pivot point, gives the wellhead pres-
sure.

The Distribution System (for traveling gun--Appendix B)

Distance between sets: Distance, in feet, between valves, controlled
at entry 41.
# of valves: This would read "Above Ground" or "Below Ground" valves
depending on the location of the main line, and is the total number
of valves attached to the main line.
Cost per valve: Controlled by entry 33 for above ground valves, or by
entry34 for below ground valves.
Cost of valves: Total cost of all valves used.
Loss allowed (PSI/1000 ft.): Maximum pressure loss allowed in all the
distribution pipe. Controlled by entry 39.
Cost of gun, cart, reel: Cost of the lateral distribution system for a
traveling gun irrigation system, excluding the cost of the flexible
hose. Comes directly from. the TGDS array. Controlled by the user
with the number of acres indicated on entry 1 and the default system
identified by "Data Set" on input Form 1.

The Distribution-Line Sections (One--Main Line, Two--Flexible Hose,
Three-Alternate Main Line> are discussed collectively since the

63

corresponding terms are similar. The user should refer closely to the
output formats for the traveling gun (Appendix B).

Pipe description: This is identified as: (1) for Section One: "Main
Line Below Ground," or "Main Line Above Ground" and controlled by
entry 42; (2) for Section Two: "Flexible Hose"; (3) for Section
Three: "Alternate Main Line Above Ground," "Alternate Main line
Below Ground," or "This Section Not Used" and controlled by entry 52.
Pipe or hose length: These lengths, in feet, afford irrigation of the
acreage at entry 1. Controlled by entry 43 for main line, entry 48
for flexible hose, entry 53 for alternate main line.
Pipe or hose diameter: Measured in inches and comes from the PIPE array.
Controlled by entry 44 for main line and alternate main line. Entry
49 for flexible hose.
Pipe material or hose type: The types (materials) are specified in the
PIPE array. The PVC and aluminum pipe options are controlled by
entry 44 for main line and alternate main line. The lay-flat and
PVC hard hose options are controlled by entry 49 for flexible hose.
Pipe or hose cost/foot: Cost, in $/foot, comes from the PIPE array.
Controlled through entry 44 for main line and alternate main line.
Entry 49 for flexible hose.
Main line or hose cost: Total cost of all main line pipe or hose used.
Friction loss in feet/1000 ft. for main line and hose, respectively:
The actual friction losses in the operating main line pipe and hose
are generated from the entries in the "The Distribution System"
Entries 42-45, 48-50, respectively) and will each not exceed 2.31
times the value at entry 39.
Total friction loss in psi for main line and hose, respectively: The
friction loss per operating main line and hose, derived from the
respective values above, and the corresponding pipe and hose
lengths.

64

Pressure in psi required at wellhead and discharge, respectively: The
discharge or irrigation system operating pressure is controlled by
entry 5. This value, added to total friction loss (from above)
between the wellhead and the elbow or the gun, gives the wellhead
pressure.

65

D.2 Seasonal Costs-e for: Irrigation

To facilitate the estimation of costs for an irrigation system, the
integral parts are collected into four descriptive components. These
are: Well, Pump (including the column and suction pipes, the strainer,
the pump assembly, the gearhead and the pumpbase). Motor or Engine
(describing the power unit-either an electric motor or an internal
combustion engine), Distribution including the control head--flow
meter, gate valve, Y-strainer and/or check valve; the distribution
system--main line pipe, any valves, any hose, and the distribution
system proper).
All costs are specified as dollars per acre-inch per season
($/AI/S), dollars per acre season ($/A/S), and dollars per season
($/S). In addition, initial investment requirements are specified in
dollars per acre ($/A) and total dollars ($). Each section is defined
as follows:

Variable Costs

Estimates of all those costs which vary during operation of the irri-
gation system within a season. There are no variable costs for
Well.
Fuel: Motor or Engine-based on continuous brake horsepower used,
hours of operation, cost of fuel, and a fuel consumption coefficient
from the MULT array. There are no fuel costs for Pump nor Distir-
bution.
Lubricants: Motor or Engine--grease cost is based on hours of opera-
tion, and a price of $0.02 per hour of operation; oil cost is based
on continuous brake horsepower used, hours of operation, cost of
lubricant, and a lubricant consumption coefficient from the MULT
array. There are no lubricant costs for Pump nor for Distribution.

66

Repairs: Pump-based on average investment, hours of operation, and
average hours of life. Motor or Engine--based on continuous brake
horsepower used, hours of operation, and a repairs cost coefficient
from the MULT array. Distribution-based on acreage irrigated (or
distribution system value for center-pivot), hours of operation,
average hours of operation, and a repairs cost coefficient from the
VC4 array.
Labor: Motor or Engine-based on hours of operation, cost of labor,
and a labor hours coefficient from the MULT array. Distribution-
based on acreage irrigated, number of water applications, cost of
labor, and a labor hours coefficient from the VC4 array. There are
no labor costs for Pump.
Subtotal: The total variable costs for each of the components, and for
their total. The latter $/AI/S value is the marginal cost of an
additional acre-inch of water within a season.

Fixed Costs

Estimates of all those costs which do not vary with the manner in which
the irrigation system is operated within a season.
Depreciation: Calculated by the straight-line depreciation method,
based on initial purchase costs and years of life (or hours of life
and average hours of operation for Motor or Engine).
Taxes: Always zero for center-pivot and traveling gun systems.
Includes property taxes for some types of systems.
Insurance: Protection from property damage and theft. Based on invest-
ment value and insurance rate. There is no insurance for Well.
Interest: Calculated under the assumption that payback is over the
life of the equipment, with equal principal payments per year.
Based on average investment value and interest rate.
Subtotal: Total fixed costs for each of the components, and for their
total. The latter values represent the costs incurred by the user
even if the irrigation system is not used within a season.

67

Total Costs

The sums of variable costs and fixed costs for each of the com-
ponents, and for their total. The latter values represent the best
estimate of costs incurred by the user within a season. Based on the
default values of the input Forms, the machinery complement and any
changes made to these values by the user.

Initial Investment

Estimates of initial equipment purchases and well-development cost.

68

REFERENCES

d'Almada, Philip J., Gary D. Lynne and Allen G. Smajstria. User's
Manual for the FARM Systems Lab Irrigation Cost Generator. Food
and Res. Econ. Dept., Econ. Info. Rpt. 157, Agr. Exp. and Coop.
Ext. Serv., IFAS, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville. January 1982.
Harrison, Dalton S. and Rush E. Choate. Selection of Pumps and Power
Units for Irrigation Systems in Florida. Dept. Agr. Eng., Agr.
Ext. Serv. Cir. 330, IFAS, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville.
February 1969.
Harrison, Dalton S. and Allen R. Overmann. Handbook of Irrigation
Tables and Useful Formulas. Fl. Coop. Ext. Serv. Cir. 434, IFAS,
Univ. of Florida, Gainesville. 1977.
Kletke, Darrel D., Thomas R. Harris, and Harry P. Mapp, Jr. Irrigation
Cost Program Users Reference Manual, Oklahoma State University.
Okla. Agr. Exp. Stn. Res. Rpt. p-770, Oklahoma State Univ.,
Stillwater. May 1978.
Peterson, Mark and C. F. Cromwell, Jr. Irrigation Cost and Return
Analysis: Annual Operating Costs. Sci. and Tech. Guide, Univ. of
Missouri, Columbia Ext. Div., Columbia. July 1973.

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