Front Cover
        Front cover
    Abstract
        Page i
    Acknowledgements
        Page i
    Table of Contents
        Page ii
    List of Tables
        Page iii
    Main
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        Page 4
        Page 5
        Page 6
        Page 7
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        Page 9
        Page 10
    Reference
        Page 11
    Addenda
        Page 12
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        Page 16
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100


Ronald P. Muraro
John W. Hebb


Economic Information
Report 97-7


Budgeting Costs and Returns
for Indian River Citrus
Production, 1996-97


UNIVERSITY OF
FLORIDA
Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
Food and Resource Economics Department
Florida Agricultural Experiment Stations
Cooperative Extension Service
Gainesville, FL 32611


August 1997

















ABSTRACT


Estimated costs and returns of growing seedless grapefruit in the Indian River area of Florida
are presented for the twentieth year. The format presented may be used by individual growers to budget
costs and returns, utilizing individual data on specific groves.

Key words: citrus, Indian River, budgeting, costs and returns, seedless grapefruit.

NOTE: The Indian River production area refers to the citrus producing counties on Florida's east
coast including Brevard, Indian River, Palm Beach, and St. Lucie counties.

The budgeted cost information presented herein is the most current available. The budget
cost items have been revised to reflect current grove practices being used by growers--e.g.,
chemical mowing, different spray materials and rates of fertilization, microsprinkler
irrigation, more reset trees, etc. Thus the 1996-97 budget costs reflect reduced fertilizer
for fresh market grapefruit and lower fertilizer and pesticide materials costs and increased
per acre yield due to higher per acre tree densities.

The budget costs in this report represent a custom-managed operation based on a "net
grove acre" excluding non-productive areas for the production of grapefruit for the fresh
market. Therefore, all equipment costs are based on the average custom rate costs and
a 10 percent handling and supervision charge is added to the material cost.

Although the estimated annual per acre grove costs shown in Table 3 are representative for
a mature (10+ years old) Indian River white grapefruit grove, the grove care costs for a
specific grove site may differ depending upon the tree age, tree density and the grove
practices performed; e.g., spot herbicide for grass/brush regrowth under tree could add an
additional $17.99 per acre; "skirting trees" or pruning the lower branches could add $14.13
per acre or extensive tree loss due to blight or tristeza could substantially increase the tree
replacement and care costs; spray applications to control citrus leafminer and nematicide
applications of Temik or Nemacur could increase the total cultural costs per acre above the
average costs shown in the comparative budgets. Also, travel and set-up costs may vary
due to size of the citrus grove and distance from grove equipment barn.


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS


Appreciation is extended to Mrs. Jane Wilson for typing the final draft of this manuscript.

Appreciation is also extended to the citrus growers and production managers of the Indian River
citrus production area who provided suggestions for the revision of this manuscript.

















ABSTRACT


Estimated costs and returns of growing seedless grapefruit in the Indian River area of Florida
are presented for the twentieth year. The format presented may be used by individual growers to budget
costs and returns, utilizing individual data on specific groves.

Key words: citrus, Indian River, budgeting, costs and returns, seedless grapefruit.

NOTE: The Indian River production area refers to the citrus producing counties on Florida's east
coast including Brevard, Indian River, Palm Beach, and St. Lucie counties.

The budgeted cost information presented herein is the most current available. The budget
cost items have been revised to reflect current grove practices being used by growers--e.g.,
chemical mowing, different spray materials and rates of fertilization, microsprinkler
irrigation, more reset trees, etc. Thus the 1996-97 budget costs reflect reduced fertilizer
for fresh market grapefruit and lower fertilizer and pesticide materials costs and increased
per acre yield due to higher per acre tree densities.

The budget costs in this report represent a custom-managed operation based on a "net
grove acre" excluding non-productive areas for the production of grapefruit for the fresh
market. Therefore, all equipment costs are based on the average custom rate costs and
a 10 percent handling and supervision charge is added to the material cost.

Although the estimated annual per acre grove costs shown in Table 3 are representative for
a mature (10+ years old) Indian River white grapefruit grove, the grove care costs for a
specific grove site may differ depending upon the tree age, tree density and the grove
practices performed; e.g., spot herbicide for grass/brush regrowth under tree could add an
additional $17.99 per acre; "skirting trees" or pruning the lower branches could add $14.13
per acre or extensive tree loss due to blight or tristeza could substantially increase the tree
replacement and care costs; spray applications to control citrus leafminer and nematicide
applications of Temik or Nemacur could increase the total cultural costs per acre above the
average costs shown in the comparative budgets. Also, travel and set-up costs may vary
due to size of the citrus grove and distance from grove equipment barn.


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS


Appreciation is extended to Mrs. Jane Wilson for typing the final draft of this manuscript.

Appreciation is also extended to the citrus growers and production managers of the Indian River
citrus production area who provided suggestions for the revision of this manuscript.

















TABLE OF CONTENTS




ABSTRACT .................................................... i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................ i

LIST OF TABLES ................... ..................... ......... iii

INTRODUCTION ....................................... .......... 1

METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION .............. ....................... 1

COSTS AND INPUTS ............................................... 1

THE GROVE SITUATION .......................................... 2

BUDGET COSTS AND RETURNS ....................................... 4

HISTORICAL COST TRENDS .......................................... 6

REFERENCES ...................................... ........... 11

ADDENDA ................ ...................... ............. 12


NOTE: The ADDENDA include a Listing of Grove Care Programs for Indian
River Citrus Production for Both Round Oranges and Grapefruit; 1997
custom rate summary report; cost of establishing a citrus grove; etc.
Page 12 is a list of the tables included in the ADDENDA.
















LIST OF TABLES


Table E

1 Schedule of production practices and budget items for an Indian River Florida
grapefruit grove, 1996-97 .................................... 3

2 Calculation of normal production per acre, 1996-97 ................... 4

3 Estimated annual per acre costs and returns for a mature, white seedless grapefruit
grove producing for the fresh market, Indian River area, 1996-97 .......... 5

4 Estimated total delivered-in cost for Indian River White grapefruit grown for the
processed juice market under three cultural cost programs, 1996-97 ......... 7

5 Estimated F.O.B. cost for fresh market Indian River White grapefruit, 1996-97 8

6 Estimated annual per acre costs and returns and 5-year average costs and returns for
a mature, white seedless grapefruit grove producing citrus for fresh fruit market in
the Indian River area, 1992-93--1996-97 ............ ............. 9

7 Estimated annual per acre costs and returns and 5-year average costs and returns
(adjusted to 1997 dollars) for a mature, white seedless grapefruit grove producing
citrus for fresh fruit market in the Indian River area, 1992-93--1996-97 ...... 10










BUDGETING COSTS AND RETURNS FOR INDIAN RIVER
CITRUS PRODUCTION, 1996-97


Ronald P. Muraro and John W. Hebb


INTRODUCTION


Budget analysis provides the basis for many grower decisions. Budget analysis can be used to
calculate potential profits from an operation, to determine cash requirements for an operation, and to
determine break-even prices. This report presents a budget constructed from current data and serves
as a format for growers to analyze costs and returns from their individual records.


METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION


The data presented here were developed by surveying custom operators, input suppliers, growers,
and colleagues at both the Agricultural Research and Education Center in Ft. Pierce and the Citrus
Research and Education Center in Lake Alfred and County Extension Citrus Agents in the Indian River
production region. The survey is conducted annually in February and March.


COSTS AND INPUTS


Costs for various production inputs are those collected from citrus growers as well as the average
of the data obtained from annual custom rate, chemical, and fertilizer surveys. Growers' costs are
shown in the ADDENDA, Table 1-A through 7-A. The custom rate costs are shown in Table 8-A and
the various chemical and fertilizer costs are shown in Table 9-A and 10-A in the ADDENDA. The
budget costs represent a custom-managed operation. The budget costs represent a custom-managed
operation based on a "net grove acre" excluding non-productive areas. Therefore, all equipment
costs are based upon the average custom-rate costs and a 10 percent handling and supervision
charge is added to the material cost.
Although brand names are used in many of the tables in the ADDENDA, this does not imply
endorsement by the University of Florida. It is merely an attempt to depict typical production practices.



RONALD P. MURARO is a Professor of Food and Resource Economics and Extension Farm
Management Economist stationed at the Citrus Research and Education Center, Lake Alfred. JOHN
W. HEBB is Extension Agent, Citrus in St. Lucie County, Ft. Pierce.










All tables have a column reserved for the individual growers to insert data from a particular
grove. This will allow a comparison of the grower's costs with those presented.



THE GROVE SITUATION



Production practices for an Indian River grapefruit grove are shown in Table 1 with times during
the year when they would likely be performed. There are two benefits to developing such a table for
an individual grove. First, it shows what work is needed and when, so that operations can be planned
well in advance. Second, it can be helpful if an annual cash flow analysis is developed to plan
financing. The individual grower may benefit from developing a plan for a particular grove.
Specific production practices vary from grove to grove making it difficult to define a "typical"
grove. Many combinations of practices and various tree variety combinations produce acceptable yields
and returns. Although the example represents a white seedless grapefruit grove, the cost and return data
are designed to be applicable to most grove situations. A grower, realtor, or land appraiser can
substitute individual grove costs and expected returns into the budget format and develop a budget for
a particular grove. A "your cost" column is appropriately provided for this purpose in subsequent
tables.
In the following budget, above average management and cultural practices are assumed. Beyond
this general assumption, the following specifics are assumed.




1. A mature (10+ years old), low volume-irrigated grove;
2. Variety is white seedless on sour orange rootstock;
3. Tree loss is 3.5 percent annually;
4. Trees are pulled and replaced when production falls below
50 percent of expected yield;
5. Production is for fresh market;
6. Tree density is 85 trees per acre; and
7. Custom-caretaker is providing grove management.




As a result of tree losses and replacement, the tree ages will vary. The budget reflects the
following age distribution and yield for Indian River white seedless grapefruit:










Table I.-Schedule of production practices and budget items for an Indian River Florida grapefruit grove, 1996-97'

Month

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec


Total revenue: 20% Final
deposit payment

Less: Pick & haul cost X

DOC advertisement tax X

Grove RMpense:
Disc

Chop Chemical Chemical

Mow X X Mow Mow X

Labor, general grove work, pull vines X X

Herbicide (1/2 grove acre equivalent) X X X

Spray: Post bloom/nutritional X X

Summer oil/greasy spot X

Fall miticide X

Supplemental miticide X

Dust

Fertilizer 50# N/A 50# N/A 50# N/A Dolomite

Hedging and topping Hedge

Brush removal/chop brush Chop brush

Tree removal X

Young tree car X X X X X

Microjet irrigation (times/week) 1 1 2 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 I

Miscellaneous (clean ditches) X

Grove taxes including water management X

Interest expense X

Annual principal payment on mortgage X

This is a suggested schedule of practices. Actual practices would not necessarily be done on the exact schedule shown here.









Situation Boxes/tree
3.5% pulled and reset 0.0
3.5% 1 year old 0.0
3.5% 2 years old 0.0
3.5% 3 years old 1.0
3.5% 4 years old 1.7
38.5% 5-15 years old 5.5
3.5% producing 50% of expected yield 3.5
40.5% over 15 years 7.5


Calculation of normal production per acre is shown in Table 2. Note that the proportion-of-trees-
by-age column only adds to 89.5 percent since 10.5 percent of the trees are non-bearing.



Table 2.--Calculation of normal production per acre, 1996-97
Boxes Total
Age of Tree Trees /tree boxes
Total no. Proportion No. ea.
all ages ea. age. ae. ------ N ---
3 years 85 x 0.035 = 3.0 x 1.0 = 3.0
4 years 85 x 0.035 = 3.0 x 1.7 = 5.1
5-15 years 85 x 0.385 = 32.7 x 5.5 = 179.9
Prod. 50% of
exp. yield 85 x 0.035 = 3.0 x 3.5 = 10.5
Over 15 years 85 x 0.405 = 34.4 x 7.5 = 25&0
Total boxes = 456.5

'Proportion adds up to 0.895 (89.5 percent) as 10.5 percent of the trees were non-bearing (pulled
and reset, 1 and 2 year old trees; see page 4).

BUDGET COSTS AND RETURNS


The estimated budget costs and returns for the Indian River grove situation are shown in Table
3. The budgeted costs represent one possible citrus production program and were selected from the
costs shown in the ADDENDA tables. The gross revenue estimates are based on the projected yields
in Table 3 and estimated preliminary on-tree prices for the 1996-97 season. Historical on-tree prices
for selected Florida citrus varieties are shown in Table 16-A of the ADDENDA.











Table 3.-Estimated annual per acre cors and returns for a mature, white seedless grapefruit grove producing for the fresh market, Indian River area, 1996-97

Item Description Amount Your cost


457 boxes @ $2.21"


1,009.97


n. Expenses
Weed control
Mow middles
Chemical mow (Table 2-A, Program #9)
General grove work/lprouting
Herbicide (Table 2-A, Program #1, #6 & #7)
Spray program (Table 1-A, Programs #1, #3, #7, #13 & #14)
Fertilizer (Table 3-A, Program #2)
Dolomite (Table 7-A, Program #1)
Pruning (maintenance)
Topping
Remove brush from trees
Hedging
Removinglchop brush
Raise skirts of trees
Tree replacement and care
Remove trees (Table 12-A)
Prepare sites, repair mound, and plant resets
Supplemental fertilizer, sprout, etc. (Trees 1-3 years)
Microsprinkler irrigation (Table 7-A, Program #4)
Drainage ditch annual cost (Table 7-A, Program #5)
Total grove care expenses
III. Management
IV. Total specified costs
V. Return to land, trees, and ownership
VI. Break-even price for total grove care expenses
Boxes per acre

325 375 425 475 52.

On-tree price per box
2711 249 220 197 1.7


3 times per year
2 times per year
(2 labor hours per acre)





($350.00/hr. + 10 A/hr.) + 2 yra.
($21.70/A + 2 yrs.)
($240.00/hr. + 10 A/hr.) + 1.5 yrs.
($10.00/A + 1.5 yrs.)
($14.13/A + 2 yrs.)
(1 through 3 years)
3 trees per acre
Including 3 trees per acre
Including application




$4.00 per acre per month'


25.50
23.48
22.28
142.53




17.50
10.85
16.00
6.67
.2Q

13.59
31.47
26.13


Boxes per acre

321 327 42 4p2 525

S Delivered-in rice ner pound solids for eliminations'


1.37


1.21t 1.22


*AMhoh he datinue a il per acre ve shown i Table 3 arereepresentative for mature Indian River white seedless grapefruit grove, the grove care ct for a specific grove ite may differ depending upon
the grove pactims performed; e.g., a Temik application would add $122.80 per acre; extensive tree loss due to blight or triteza would double the tree repplacnent and cane cas; travel and set-up coa may vary due to
size of citru grove md dsl nce from grove equipment bun; etc.; trck watering of resets could add another $7.95 per acre (average 5 waterings). Also, material cot for brown eitrs aphid control could add $10.07 per
spray application.
On-tree price per box is preliminauy; masses average of all methods of sale (fresh ad processed). Price sunmes 70% of fruit harvested packed freh.
'Amsume material custom applied; therefore, a 10 percent handling and supervision charge i added to material cost.
'Other mehod to estiiean m gemetcost--e.g., 5% of gross sales or 10% of total grove care costs--are used in the indmutry. Other selected methods will give a differ return to lad ad trees than reported here.
D'ther cot item which ae not inched in the budget are ad valorem taxes and interest on grove investment. In addition to these cost items, overhead ad a dminitrative cost, such a water drainagelditrict taxes. crop
insurance, and other grower assesamens, can add up to 12 percent to the total grove care costs. These costs vry from grove to grove depending on ge, location, and time of purchase or grove establishment
'Aames 4.5 pounds solids per box, $1.93 pick and haul cost per box (includes spot picking and fruit drenching plus D.O.C. $0.35 advertising tax), $0.55 per box handling through packinghouse, and $0.45 per box
delivery to processing plant


1. Revenue


213.79
315.21
103.99
11.56





58.09



71.19
128.68
32.61
935.12
4.00
2BsU
-2L&1










As shown in Table 3, the total revenue for fresh-market white seedless grapefruit is estimated to
be $1,009.97 per acre. Total specified costs are $983.12 and are comprised of grove care costs of
$935.12, plus management cost of $48.00. Return to land, trees, and ownership is $26.82 and
represents net return above fixed costs. The break-even price required to cover grove care costs for
seedless white grapefruit range from $2.88 to $1.78 per box on-tree and $1.37 to $1.13 per pounds
solids delivered-in for eliminations at 325 and 525 boxes per acre, respectively.
Ad valorem taxes, and overhead and administrative costs (such as water drainage district taxes,
crop insurance, and other grower assessments) can add up to 12 percent of the total grove care costs.
These costs vary from grove to grove depending on age, location, variety of fruit, etc. and should be
considered in arriving at a net return to land, trees, and ownership (total return minus total costs).
Harvest costs (pick, roadside, and hauling costs--Tables 13-A and 14-A) also add to the total fruit cost
delivered to either a processing plant or fresh fruit packinghouse. Also, average annual debt payment
(principal and interest) may be as high as $530 per acre ($4,500 average debt per acre @ 10 percent
interest amortized over 20 years) which would reduce total available cash for grove expansion or other
investment.
An estimated "delivered-in" costs are shown for fresh packed white grapefruit in Table 4.
"Delivered-in" costs include grove care costs (Table 3) plus harvesting, regulatory, and grower
assessment costs. The "delivered-in" cost is presented as a cost per acre, per box, per carton, and per
pound solids. Three possible budget cost scenarios are presented: 1) Typical/ Historical Fresh Cultural
Program; 2) Reduced Cost Processed/Fresh Cultural Program; and 3) Low Cost Processed Cultural
Program. The first scenario represents typical costs of grove practices which have been performed for
citrus grown for the fresh fruit market. Scenarios 2 and 3 represent costs of two possible cultural
programs directed toward reducing the expenditures grown primarily for fruit for the processed market.
Modified herbicide and/or spray and fertilizer programs account for the reduced costs. NOTE: Before
modifying a grove management program to reduce costs, an evaluation of the market program
(processed or fresh). yield. and specific cultural problems (nutrition. disease. etc.) for the specific grove
site should be made. Also, in Table 5, the total estimated F.O.B. cost for fresh packed white grapefruit
is shown. The F.O.B. costs are presented for "fresh fruit packout percentage rates" ranging from 50
percent to 100 percent.

HISTORICAL COST TRENDS

Annual budgets of costs and returns for mature, fresh, white seedless grapefruit in the Indian
River area have been developed and published the past four years. Estimated cost and return histories
for 1992-93 through 1995-96 along with 1996-97, and a five-year average are presented in Table 6.
The affects of recent freezes on Florida's annual grapefruit supply has resulted in a fluctuating on-tree
price per box. However, even with increasing operating costs, annual net return to land and trees has
increased over the five-year period. To allow comparisons in current values, these same costs and
returns, adjusted to 1997 dollars, are presented in Table 7.









Table 4.--Estimated total delivered-in cost for Indian River White grapefruit grown for the fresh/processed market under three cultural cost programs,
1996-97

Represents a mature (10+ years old) Indian Fresh Packed White Grapefruit Fresh Packed White Grapefruit Processed White Grapefruit
River White Grapefruit Grove Typical/Historical Reduced Cost Low Cost
Cultural Program Cultural Program Cultural Program

S/Acre $/Box $/Carton S/Acre S/Box S/Carton S/Acre S/Box $/P.S.

Total Production/Cultural Costs $935.12 $2.046 $1.0231 $917.48 $2.008 $1.0038 $ 671.71 $1.470 $0.3266

Interest on Operating (Cultural) Costs 46.76 0.102 0.0512 45.87 0.100 0.0502 33.59 0.073 0.0163

Management Costs 48.00 0.105 0.0525 48.00 0.105 0.0525 48.00 0.105 0.0233

Taxes/Regulatory Costs:
Property Tax/Water Management Tax 44.80 0.098 0.0490 44.80 0.098 0.0490 44.80 0.098 0.0218
Water Drainage District Tax 60.00 0.131 0.0656 60.00 0.131 0.0656 60.00 0.131 0.0292
Fly Protocol Cost 23.00 0.050 0.0252 23.00 Q.Q0Q 0.0252 -- -

Total Taxes/Regulatory Costs 127.80 Q.2Q8 0.1398 127.80 Q2Q Q0.1398 104.80 Q0229 0.0510

Total Direct Grower Costs $1,157.68 $2.533 $1.2666 $1,139.15 $2.493 $1.2463 $858.10 $1.878 $0.4173

Interest on Average Capital Investment Costs 419.75 0.918 0.4592 419.75 .918 0.4592 419.75 0.918 $0.2041

Total Grower Costs $1,577.43 $3.452 $1.7258 $1,558.90 $3.411 $1.7056 $1,277.85 $2.796 $0.6214

Harvesting and Assessment Costs:
Pick/Spot Pick, Roadside and Haul 822.60 1.800 0.9000 822.60 1.800 0.9000 858.60 1.800 0.4000
Fruit Drenching (Fresh) 59.41 0.130 0.0650 59.41 0.130 0.0650
DOC Assessment 159.95 QJ035 0.1750 159.95 0.350 0.1750 147.87 Qf.31 0.0689

Total Harvesting and Assessment Costs 1,041.96 2.280 1.1400 1,041.96 2.280 1.1400 1,006.47 2.110 0.4689

Total Delivered-In Cost $2.619.39 $572 $28658 $2.600.86 $591 $245 $2 4. $4.96 $S.09

Two cartons per box Refer to cultural program shown in Reduced cost of supplemental Fall Reduced herbicide program;
P.S. = Pound Solids Table 3. Miticide Spray. only summer spray with oil,
Yield: 457 boxes/acre @ 4.5 P.S. per box copper, and Agri-Mek; fertilizer
85 trees per acre Assumes 100% packout Assumes 100% packout reduced to 100 pounds of
nitrogen per acre.







8


Table 5.-Estimated F.O.B. cost for fresh market Indian River White grapefruit, 1996-97

Percent Packout 50.00% Percent Packout 60.00% Percent Packout 70.00%
Box Yield Per Acre 457 Box Yield Per Acre 457 Box Yield Per Acre 457

Per Acre Per Box Per Carton Per Acre Per Box Per Carton Per Acre Per Box Per Carton

Total Production/
Cultural Costs $935.12 $4.092 $2.0462 $935.12 $3.410 $1.7052 $935.12 $2.923 $1.4616

Interest on Operating
(Cultural) Costs 46.76 0.205 0.1023 46.76 0.171 0.0853 46.76 0.146 0.0731

Management 48.00 0.210 0.1050 48.00 0.175 0.0875 48.00 0.150 0.0750

Taxes/Regulatory 127.80 0.559 0.2796 127.80 0.466 0.2330 127.80 0.399 0.1997

Interest on Average
Capital Investment 419.75 1.837 0.9185 419.75 1.531 0.7654 419.75 1.312 0.6561

Harvesting (Pick/Spot
Pick, Haul, DOC Tax,
Etc.) 1.041.96 4.560 2.280 041.96 3.00 1900 1041.96 257 6286

Total Delivered-In Cost $2,619.39 $11.463 $5.7317 $2,619.39 $9.553 $4.7764 $2,619.39 $8.188 $4.0941

Packing & Selling 1,530.95 6.700 3.3500 1,837.14 6.700 3.3500 2,143.33 6.700 3.3500

Net Fresh Eliminations
Costs' -162.24 -0.10 -0~3550 -129.79 -.473 -02367 -2234 -034 -1521

Total F.O.B. Costs $L3.98. $17.4 $8.7267 $2 $15.79 $7889 $ 14584 $7.2919

Percent Packout 80.00% Percent Packout 90.00% Percent Packout 100.00%
Box Yield Per Acre 457 Box Yield Per Acre 457 Box Yield Per Acre 457

Per Acre Per Box Per Carton Per Acre Per Box Per Carton Per Acre Per Box Per Carton

Total Production/
Cultural Costs $935.12 $2.558 $1.2789 $935.12 $2.274 $1.1368 $935.12 $2.046 $1.0231

Interest on Operating
(Cultural) Costs 46.76 0.128 0.0639 46.76 0.114 0.0568 46.76 0.102 0.0512

Management 48.00 0.131 0.0656 48.00 0.117 0.0584 48.00 0.105 0.0525

Taxes/Regulatory 127.80 0.350 0.1748 127.80 0.311 0.1554 127.80 0.280 0.1398

Interest on Average
Capital Investment 419.75 1.148 0.5741 419.75 1.021 0.5103 419.75 0.918 0.4592

Harvesting (Pick/Spot
Pick, Haul, DOC Tax,
Etc.) L41.962 2.85 14250 041.96 2 .533 12667 t16 2.28 1.14

Total Delivered-In Cost $2,619.39 $7.165 $3.5823 $2,619.39 $6.369 $3.1843 $2,619.39 $6.732 $2.8658

Packing & Selling 2,449.52 6.700 3.3500 2,755.71 6.700 3.3500 3,061.90 6.700 3.3500

Net Fresh Eliminations
Costs' -64.89 J -22 -S32.45 -0.29 -0.0394 .00 0.000 .000

Total F.O.B. Costs $5004.01 $13.7 $5342 $12 0 $5 S .681.29 S 2 $L21
"Net Eliminations Cost' equals the average yield of 4.50 pound solids per box times $0.38 per pound solids less packinghouse elimination charge
and cannery hauling charge of $1.00 per box.














Table 6.--Estimated annual per acre costs and returns and 5-year average costs and returns for a mature, white seedless grapefruit grove
producing citrus for fresh fruit market in the Indian River area, 1992-93--1996-97


On-tree Gross Total grove Total specified Net return to land,
Year price/box' Yield revenue care expenses costs trees, and ownership
------------------------------------ Dollar -------------------------------------

1992-93 $2.68 446 1,195.28 954.03 1,002.03 193.25

1993-94 $3.23 446 1,440.58 972.91 1,020.91 419.67

1994-95 $2.23 446 994.58 990.30 1,038.30 (43.72)

1995-96 $2.28 446 1,016.88 1,003.85 1,051.85 (34.97)

1996-97 $2.21b 457c 1,009.97 935.12 983.12 26.82

5-yr. avg. $2.53 448 1,133.44 971.24 1,019.24 114.20

'On-tree prices for all sales methods as reported by the Florida Agricultural Statistics Service.
bPreliminary estimate by authors at time of printing and is not a published price.

'Higher per acre yield is due to increased average tree density of white grapefruit groves in the Indian River production region.
dA management cost of $4.00 per acre per month is included. Fixed costs such as taxes, debt service, and crop insurance are not
included.














Table 7.--Estimated annual per acre costs and returns and 5-year average costs and returns (adjusted to 1997 dollars) for a mature, white
seedless grapefruit grove producing citrus for fresh fruit market in the Indian River area, 1992-93--1996-97


Adjusted
Inflation on-tree Gross Total specified Net return to land,
Year factor index' price/box Yield revenue costs trees, and ownership
---------------------------- Dollars -------------------------

1992-93 109.8 $2.94 446 1,311.24 1,100.23 211.01

1993-94 108.4 $3.50 446 1,561.00 1,106.67 454.33

1994-95 104.7 $2.33 446 1,039.18 1,087.10 (47.92)

1995-96 102.3 $2.33 446 1,039.18 1,076.04 (36.86)

1996-97 100.0 $2.21 457 1,009.97 983.12 26.82

5-yr. avg. -- $2.66 448 1,191.68 1,070.63 121.05

'Producer price index for each year adjusted to 1997 prices (1997 = 100), with 1997 consumer price index estimated to be 130.5.
Producer price index for other years are: 1993 = 118.9; 1994 = 120.4; 1995 = 124.7; and 1996 = 127.6.

bA management cost of $4.00 per acre per month is included. Fixed costs such as taxes, debt service, and crop insurance are not
included. (Refer to Table 6.)









REFERENCES


1. Knapp, J. L. (Ed.). 1997 Florida Citrus Pest Management Guide. Univ. of Fla. Coop. Ext.
Svc. SP 43. Gainesville: Jan. 1997. 75 pp.

2. Muraro, Ronald P. "A Listing of Estimated Comparative Indian River Citrus Production Costs
Per Acre for 1996-97." Lake Alfred Citrus Research and Education Center (CREC) Report.
Lake Alfred, FL: May 1997.

3. "Cost for Establishing, Planting, and Maintaining a Citrus Grove through Four Years
of Age, South Florida Flatwoods Area." Lake Alfred CREC Report. Lake Alfred, FL: Nov.
1989.

4. "Estimated Cost of Planting and Maintaining a Reset Citrus Tree through Three Years
of Age." Lake Alfred CREC Report. Lake Alfred, FL: Nov. 1996.

5. "A Listing of 1997 Custom Rates Reported by Twenty-two Indian River and South
Florida Citrus Caretakers." Lake Alfred CREC Report. Lake Alfred, FL: May 1997.

6. Savage, Zach. Citrus Yields Per Tree Age. Univ. of Fla. Agr. Ext. Ser. 60-8. Gainesville:
1960.

7. Tucker, D. P. H., A. K. Alva, L. K. Jackson, and T. A. Wheaton (Eds.). Nutrition of Florida
Citrus Trees. Univ. of Fla. Coop. Ext. Svc. SP 169. Gainesville: 1995. 61 pp.







12

ADDENDA: Listing of Grove Care Programs for Indian River Citrus Production for Both Round
Oranges and Grapefruit'
Page
Table 1-A. Spray programs ................... ..... ............... 13
Post bloom spray .......................... ............ 13
Summer spray ............................ ........... 14
Fall spray ........................ .. ................ 15

Table 2-A. Herbicide .......................................... .. 16

Table 3-A. Dry fertilizer .................. ..... ................ 18

Table 4-A. Liquid fertilizer (Double boom application) ....... ........... 19

Table 5-A. Nematicides ........................ ................. 20

Table 6-A. Soil amendment ...................................... 20

Table 7-A. Irrigation--annual cost per acre ............. .............. 21
Drip ............................................... 21
Microsprinkler ..................... .................... 21
Drainage ditch annual costs ..................... ........... 21

Table 8-A. A listing of 1997 custom rates reported by twenty-one Indian River and South
Florida citrus caretakers ...................... ............ 22

Table 9-A. 1997 summary of average chemical price estimates ................. 24

Table 10-A. 1997 summary of average fertilizer price estimates ................. 26

Table 11-A. Cost for establishing, planting and maintaining a citrus grove through four
years of age, South Florida flatwoods area ...................... 28

Table 12-A. Estimated cost of planting and maintaining a reset citrus tree through three
years of age, 1996 ......................... ............. 29

Table 13-A. Estimated average picking, roadsiding and hauling rates for Florida citrus -
1994-95 season ..................... ................... 30

Table 14-A. Estimated total harvesting (pick/roadside/haul). Costs per box for Florida
citrus 1994-95 season .......... .......................... 31

Table 15-A. Summary of Florida fresh citrus packing charges by variety 1994-95
season.. ............. ................................ 32

Table 16-A. Historic prices for selected citrus varieties ................ ..... 33

Table 17-A. Debt which can be supported per $1,000.00 annual payment capacity ..... 34

Abbreviations for important chemicals are:
Cu = Copper Mg = Magnesium N = Nitrogen
Fe = Iron Mn = Manganese Zn = Zinc

"The costs in the ADDENDA represent a custom managed operation. Therefore, all equipment costs
are based upon the average custom rate costs and a 10 percent handling and supervision charge is added
to the material cost.










Table 1-A.-Spray programs
POST BLOOM SPRAY


Spray Program #1


Spray Program #2


Spray Program #3


Spray Program #4


Materials/Ingredients

Cu (50% metallic)
Zn
Mn

Ground Application
(engine driven airblast)

Total per Application


Materials/Ingredients

Cu (50% metallic)
Zn, Mn, Nitrates
Carzol 92 SP

Ground Application
(engine driven airblast)
Total per Application


Materials/Ingredients
Ethion
Cu (50% metallic)
Oil 97+ %
Ground Application
(engine driven airblast)
Total per Application


Materials/Ingredients

Dicofol 4EC
Cu (50% metallic)
Ground Application
(engine driven airblast)
Total per Application


Amount
/Acre
15 lbs
5 lbs
10 lbs

250 gals


Amount
/Acre
15 lbs
I pt
1 lb

125 gals


Amount
/Acre

5 pts
10 lbs
3 gals
500 gals


Your
Cost/Acre


Your
Cost/Acre


Your
Cost/Acre


Cost/Acre

$21.99
3.85
3.70

2525


Cost/Acre
$21.99
1.37
31.24

2LQ0


Cost/Acre

$22.55
14.66
7.23

34.06


$78.50


Amount
/Acre

6pts
15 lbs
250 gals


Your
Cost/Acre


Cost/Acre

$38.22
21.99

2255


=


_~ ~___~~I~~_


_________________II____ _I~











Table 1-A.-Spray programs (cont'd.)
POST BLOOM SPRAY (cont'd.)


Spray Program #5





SUMMER SPRAY
Spray Program #6


Spray Program #7


Spray Program #8


Spray Program #9
(Scale insects)


Materials/Ingredients
Vendex WP
Aerial Application
Total per Application


Materials/Ingredients
Oil 97+%
Cu (50% metallic)
Ethion 4EC
Ground Application
(engine driven airblast)
Total per Application


Materials/Ingredients
Cu (50% metallic)
Oil 97 + %
Agri-Mek
Ground Application
(engine driven airblast)
Total per Application


Materials/Ingredients
Cu (50% metallic)
Oil 97+ %
Agri-Mek
Ground Application
(engine driven airblast)
Total per Application


Materials/Ingredients
Lorsban 4EC
Ground Application
(engine driven airblast)
Total per Application


Your
Cost/Acre


Amount
/Acre
2 lbs
15 GPA


Amount
/Acre
5 gals
7 lbs
6 pts
500 gals


Amount
/Acre
7 lbs
5 gals
10 ozs
500 gals


Amount
/Acre
7 lbs
10 gals
5 ozs
500 gals


Cost/Acre
$34.80
-(U
$4.49


Cost/Acre
$12.05
10.22
27.06
3406


Cost/Acre
$10.22
12.05
46.90
34.06

$10323


Cost/Acre
$10.22
24.10
23.45
3406


Your
Cost/Acre


Your
Cost/Acre


Your
Cost/Acre


$91.83


Amount
/Acre
7pts
500 gals


Cost/Acre
$43.96
3LO6


Your
Cost/Acre


_I ~__1__1_ 1__________1_


1~1~ _1______1__1










Table 1-A.-Spray programs (cont'd.)

FALL SPRAY


Spray Program #10


Spray Program #11


Spray Program #12


Spray Program #13


Spray Program #14


Materials/Ingredients
Kelthane MF
Ground Application
(engine driven airblast)
Total per Application


Materials/Ingredients
Vendex 50WP
Thiolux 80 DF (sulfur)
Ground Application
(engine driven airblast)
Total per Application


Materials/Ingredients

Dicofol 4EC
Aerial Application
Total per Application


Materials/Ingredients
Vendex WP
Ground Application
(engine driven airblast)
Total per Application


Materials/Ingredients
Thiolux 80 DF (sulfur)
Aerial Application
Total per Application


Your
Cost/Acre


Your
Cost/Acre


Your
Cost/Acre


Your
Cost/Acre


rCost/Acre
$36.18
25-75


Cost/Acre
$34.80
10.95

2575


Cost/Acre
$38.22

6469
$44.91


Cost/Acre
$34.80
2575


Amount
/Acre
6 pts
250 gals


Amount
/Acre
2 lbs
15 lbs
250 gals


Amount
/Acre
6 pts
15 GPA


Amount
/Acre
2 lbs
250 gals


Amount
/Acre
15 lbs
15 GPA


Your
Cost/Acre


Cost/Acre
$10.95
6.69
$s764


~~ __


_____


_______I~_ __1___1________ ___ __










Table 2-A.-Herbicide

Herbicide Program #1
(Strip/band)


Materials
Solicam 80DF
Karmex WP
Roundup Ultra
Ground Application
(1 time)
Total for 1 Application


Herbicide Program #2
(Strip/band)


Materials
Surflan A80 DF
Simazine 4L
Roundup Ultra
Ground Application
(1 time)
Total for 1 Application


Amount/
Treated Acre
2 qts
4 qts
2 qts


Herbicide Program #3
(Strip/band)


Materials
Karmex WP
Roundup Ultra
Ground Application
(1 time)
Total for 1 Application


Herbicide Program #4
(Strip/band)


Materials
Solicam 80DF
Simazine 4L
Roundup Ultra
Ground Application
(1 time)
Total for 1 Application


Amount/
Treated Acre
4 lbs
4 qts
2 qts


Cost/
Grove Acre
$29.00
7.56
13.42
12IL


$61.99


"With respect to herbicide materials, Amount Per Grove Acre does not ual Amount Per Treated
Acre shown on the label as only a strip or band is being treated. In this report, it is assumed that only
50% or one-half of a grove acre is being treated.


Amount/
Treated Acre
3 lbs
4 lbs
2qts


Your Cost/
Grove Acre


Cost/
Grove Acre
$21.75
9.16
13.42
1201


$a56


Your Cost/
Grove Acre


Cost/
Grove Acre
$15.88
7.56
13.42
12M1


Amount/
Treated Acre
4 lbs
2 qts


Your Cost/
Grove Acre


Cost/
Grove Acre*
$9.16
13.42
12Q1


Your Cost/
Grove Acre


____I _~~~










Table 2-A.-Herbicide (cont'd.)


Herbicide Program #5
(Strip/band)


Materials
Roundup Ultra
Ground Application
(1 time)
Total for 1 Application


Amount/
Treated Acre
4qts
40 gals


Cost/
Grove Acre"

$13.42
12.01


Herbicide Program #6
(Strip/band)


Materials
Krovar I
Roundup Ultra
Ground Application
(1 time)
Total for 1 Application


Amount/
Treated Acre
5 lbs
2 qts
40 gals


Cost/
Grove Acre"

$28.05
13.42
12.1


Herbicide Program #7
(Strip/band)


Materials
Roundup Ultra
Princep (Caliber 90)
Ground Application
(1 time)
Total for 1 Application


Herbicide Program #8
(Strip/band)


Materials
Direx 4L
Solicam
Adjuvant (Surfactant)
Ground Application
(1 time)
Total for 1 Application


Amount/
Treated Acre
3qts
3 lbs
2 pts
50 gals


Herbicide Program #9
(Chemical mow)


Materials
Roundup Ultra
Ground Application
(1 time)
Total for 1 Application


Your Cost/
Grove Acre


Your Cost/
Grove Acre


Amount/
Treated Acre
2 qts
4 lbs
50 gals


Your Cost/
Grove Acre


Cost/
Grove Acre
$13.42
7.28
I2.1


$3221


Your Cost/
Grove Acre


Cost/
Grove Acrer
$ 8.46
21.75
2.12
12.01


Amount/
Treated Acre
1 pt


Your Cost/
Grove Acre


Cost/
Grove Acre.
$ 3.36
J&L


____










Table 2-A.-Herbicide (cont'd.)


Herbicide Program #10
(Chemical mow)


Herbicide Program #11
(Spot treatment for
grass/brush regrowth
under trees)


Materials
Roundup Ultra
Ground Application
(1 time)
Total for 1 Application


Materials
Roundup Ultra

Ground Application
(1 time)
Total for 1 Application


Table 3-A.-Dry fertilizer


Program #1
(100 lbs N/Acre)


Program #2
(125 lbs N/Acre)


Program #3
(162 lbs N/Acre)


Analysis/Material
Applied

12-2-12-2.4 MgO
Application
Total for 3 Applications


Analysis/Material
Applied

12-2-12-2.4 MgO
Application
Total for 3 Applications


Analysis/Material
Applied

12-2-12-2.4 MgO
Application
Total for 3 Applications


Amount/
Treated Acre
1.5 pts


Cost/
Grove Acre$
$ 5.04

JL3.


Your Cost/
Grove Acre


$142


Amount/
Treated Acre
2 qts


Cost/
Grove Acre"
$13.42


Your Cost/
Grove Acre


A52


Amount
/Acre
835 lbs
3 times


Cost/Acre
$ 66.80
20.79
$87.59


Your
Cost/Acre


=


Your
Cost/Acre


Cost/Acre
$ 83.20
20.79
$103.99


Amount
/Acre

1040 lbs
3 times


Amount
/Acre
1350 lbs
3 times


Your
Cost/Acre


Cost/Acre
$108.00
20.79
$128.79


_I _~11~1~


_C _____I


_____


_ __I~_ I I











Table 3-A.-Dry fertilizer (cont'd.)
Analysis/Material
Program #4 Applied
(180 lbs N/Acre) 15-2-15-2.4 MgO
Application
Total for 3 Applications


Program #5
(204 lbs N/Acre)


Program #6
(225 lbs N/Acre)




Table 4-A.-Liquid


Program #1
(180 lbs N/Acre)


Program #2
(180 lbs N/Acre)


Program #3
(180 lbs N/Acre)


Analysis/Material
Applied

17-4-17-2.4 MgO
Application
Total for 2 Applications


Analysis/Material
Applied

15-2-15-2.4 MgO
Application
Total for 3 Applications

fertilizer (Double boom application)
Analysis/Material
Applied
10-0-10
Double Boom Application
Total for 3 Applications


Analysis/Material
Applied

10-2-10
Double Boom Application
Total for 3 Applications


Analysis/Material
Applied

10-0-10
Solicam 80DF
Karmex WP
Double Boom Application
Total for 3 Applications


*Treated acre (one herbicide application)


Amount
/Acre
1200 lbs
3 times


Cost/Acre
$106.80
20.79
$127


Your
Cost/Acre


Amount
/Acre

1200 lbs
3 times


Amount
/Acre

1500 Ibs
3 times




Amount
/Acre
1800 lbs
3 times


Amount
/Acre
1800 lbs
3 times


Amount
/Acre
1800 lbs
3 lbs*
4 lbs*
3 times


Your
Cost/Acre


Your
Cost/Acre


Your
Cost/Acre


Your
Cost/Acre


Your
Cost/Acre


Cost/Acre
$117.48
20.79
1s1m


Cost/Acre

$133.50
20.79
$154.29




Cost/Acre
$120.60
35.25
$155.


Cost/Acre
$129.60
35.25
$164.85


Cost/Acre
$120.60
21.75
9.16
35.25
$186.76


__


____ __ __


__I


~_~










Table 5-A.-Nematicides


Analysis/Material
Applied

Temik 15G
Application
Total per Application


Analysis/Material
Applied
Nemacur 15G
Application
Total per Application


Table 6-A.-Soil amendment


Program #1
(Every 3 years)


Program #2
(Every year)


Analysis/Material
Applied
Dolomite (Delivered)
Application
Total for 1 Application
(Average 1/3 Ton Applied/Yr)


Analysis/Material
Applied
Dolomite (Delivered)
Application
Total per Application


Program #1


Program #2


Amount
/Acre

33 Ibs
1 time


Amount
/Acre
50 lbs
1 time


Your
Cost/Acre


Your
Cost/Acre


Cost/Acre
$111.21
11.59

$I


Cost/Acre
$190.50
11.59
$202.09


Amount
/Acre
1 ton
1 time


Amount
/Acre
1000 Ibs
1 time


Cost/Acre
$27.76

6.93


$11.56


Cost/Acre
$13.88

6.93
$20.81


Your
Cost/Acre


Your
Cost/Acre


----~-l-CII-----l I ------ __









Table 7-A.-Irrigation-annual cost per acre


DEIE


Operating

Maintenance of System
Total Cash Expenses

Fixed Depreciation Expense

Total Cash and Fixed
Expenses


Program #1
$ 34.36
(Electric)
33.04
$ 67.40

42.35

$109.75


MICROSPRINKLER


Operating


Maintenance of System
Total Cash Expenses

Fixed Depreciation Expense

Total Cash and Fixed
Expenses


Program #3
$ 39.05
(Electric)
36.82
$ 75.87

52.94

$12881


DRAINAGE DITCH ANNUAL COSTS


Ditches/Canals Maintenance ($36.83/acre + 3 years)
Weed Control in Ditches/Canals
Water Control: In/Out of Ditches and Canals
Total


Your
Cost/Acre


Your
Cost/Acre


Program #2
$ 30.95
(Diesel)
34.23
$ 65.18

45125

$110.43


Your
Cost/Acre


Program #4
$ 32.93
(Diesel)
39.19
$ 72.12

56.56

$128.68


Your
Cost/Acre


Your
Cost/Acre


Program #5

$12.28
11.28
9.05
$3261


__










Table 8-A.-A listing of 1997 custom rate reported by twenty-one Indian River and South Florida citrus caretakers

Range of Rate Average
Grove Practice Unit Reported Rate' Comments


Hand Labor
Mechanic Labor
Tractor/Equipment Operator (Driver)
Rotovate
Disc 7-8'
Disc 10'
Mow: Off-mt or Side Mower
5-8'
9-10'
15-16'
V-Mower
Sickle Mower
Herbicide' (Strip/Band-Single Boom)
Herbicide' (Strip/Band-Single Boom)
Herbicide" (Strip/Band-Double Boom)
Herbicide' (Chemical Mow)
Tcmik/Nemacur'
Plow
Backhoe
Vine Puller
Middle Buster
Mound Builder
Grader Blade
Bush Hog
Water Truck with Driver
Pickup Truck with Driver
Flatbed/Transport Truck with Driver
Ramp Truck: with Driver
without Driver
Tractor with Driver
Tractor without Driver
ATV with Driver


$ 8.50- $13.75
25.00- 40.00
12.50- 18.00
28.00- 36.00
25.00- 35.00
30.00- 35.00

24.00- 32.00
25.00- 35.00
28.00- 41.00
28.00- 35.00

25.00- 36.50
9.50- 15.00
10.00- 13.00
6.00- 10.50
13.00- 13.50
24.00- 35.00
35.00- 46.00

28.00- 35.00
30.00- 35.00
27.50- 30.00
27.00- 35.00
28.00- 35.00
20.00- 30.00
35.00- 50.00


25.00- 35.00
14.75- 18.00
14.00- 19.95


$11.14 Plus transportation and equipment
30.79 Labor and service truck
15.00
31.98
28.65 Average $10.00/acre
31.43
35.00
28.44 Average $9.50/acre
30.61 Average $9.50/acre
32.82 Average $8.00/acre
30.70 Average $8.50/acre
32.00
30.11 Plus materials
12.46 Plus materials
12.01 Plus materials
8.38 Plus materials
13.17 Plus materials
29.13
41.95
27.75
31.50 With tractor and driver
31.94 With tractor and driver
28.67 Tractor/blade and driver
31.75 Average $10.00/acre
31.70
26.56 Average miles traveled per year: Pick-up truck 28,250 miles
40.67 Avg. $1.25/mile; $100 per move Transport truck 20,000 miles
38.00
26.00
28.08
15.94
17.08 J.D. Gator @ $10.00/hour


Hand Sprayer Hour $ $ $40.00 Includes tractor, handgun sprayer and 2 workers
Air Curtain Sprayer: $21.17/cre @ 25 GPA; Curtec Sprayer: $17.50/acre @ 25 GPA; Spectrum Sprayer: $17.00/acre @ 25 GPA

AIR BLAST SPRAYER
Engine Driven PTO Powered

500 GPA Acre 33.00- 35.00 34.06 33.73 PTO with 'tree see $36/acre
250 GPA Acre 24.00- 28.00 25.75 20.00- 24.00 21.33 PTO with 'tree ee" $26/acre
125 GPA Acre 20.00- 22.00 21.00 18.00- 20.00 19.00
100 GPA Acre 17.50- 19.00 18.17 Average $16/acre 75 GPA


Dilute
2X
3X
4X
6X

Aerial
Aerial
Aerial
Aerial


Ground Application

PRTILIZING:

Inject Liquid Fertilizer
Liquid Boom Application:
Single Boom
Double Boom
Dry (Bulk)
Dry (Bulk)
Lime or Dolomite
Fertilize Young Trees" Hand Spread
Fen. Spreader


Tank 28.50- 34.00 31.13 500 gallon tank
Tank 32.00- 43.00 37.10 500 gallon tank
Tank 45.00 65.00 57.14 500 gallon tank
Tank 60.00- 80.00 69.75 500 gallon tank
Tank 80.00- 82.00 80.67 500 gallon tank

Fixed Wing: $4.25/acre @ 5 gallons per acre Bell Helicopter: $5.00/acre @ 5 GPA
Fixed Wing: $5.42/acre @ 10 gallons per acre Bell Helicopter: $10.00/acre @ 10 GPA
Fixed Wing: $6.69/acre @ 15 gallons per acre Bell Helicopter: $20.00/acre @ 20 GPA
Fixed Wing: $8.67/acre @ 20 gallons per acre Hillu-Utilize: $12.00/acre @ 20 GPA



Acre $- $- $ 6.50



Hour $ $ $42.50 Average $20.00 per each fertilizer injection.

Acre 7.00
Acre 11.00- 12.50 11.75
Acre 6.00- 9.00 6.93 Average $33.00/hour
Too 17.00- 18.50 17.75
Acre 6.00- 8.25 6.93
Hour 8.50- 13.75 11.14 Plus transportation; one reporting 10C/tree
Hour 25.00- 36.00 30.09 And materials; average $7.13/acre
One renortino travel tolfrom Prove site at one hour ner day of nickun truck rate.












Table 8-A.-A listing of 1997 custom rates reported by twenty-one Indian River and South Florida citrus caretakers (cont'd.)

Range of Rate Average
Grove Practice Unit Reported Rate' Comments

IRRIGATION:

Water Furrow Disc Hour $25.00- $36.00 $30.13
Water Furrow Cleaner Hour 25.00- 35.00 30.60
Water Furrow Shaper (Laser Control) Hour 65.07
Rotary Ditcher or Auger Hour 30.00- 35.00 30.93
Microsprinkler/Drip Irrigation Maintenance Aere/Month 3.00- 4.25 3.58 Check & repair system; parts extra

REMOVING TREES:

Front End Loader Hour $42.00- $50.00 $46.36 Avg. range 5-20 trees per hour, bulldozer avg. $56.00/hr
Tree Shearing (Cutting Tree at Ground Level) Hour 45.00- 50.00 47.25 Avg. range 5-12 trees per hour
Vermeer Tree Spade for Relocating Trees Hour 60.00

PRUNING:

General Pruning (Rehab/Freeze Damage) Tree $ $ $3.50
Saw with Operator Hour 15.00- 25.00 19.04
Hedging:
Single Side (Tractor Pulled) Hour 90.00 6 to 10 acres/hour
Single Side (Tractor Mounted) Hour 55.00- 70.00 60.83 4 to 8 acres/hour
Double Side (Tractor Pulled) Hour 85.00- 115.00 99.17 4 to 15 acres/hr; Double Side (Tractor Mounted): $16/acre
Double Side (Self Propelled) Hour 225.00- 250.00 240.00 8 to 20 acres/hour depending on wood size
Self-Propelled Double Boom Hedger Hour 335.00 12 to 30 acres/hour-d top only; 8 to 20 acrea-bed top
Self-Propelled Double Boom Hedger & Topper Acre 38.00 Light cut \al furrow; depending on wood size
Topping:
Tractor Pulled Hour 95.00- 100.00 98.33 2-5 ac/hr depending on wood size; $30/acre "Gable Cut"
Tractor Pulled Hour 350.00 4to 10 acres/hour roof top; 10 to 20 acres flattop cut from
\bd tops
Double Sided Topper Hour 250.00 Avg. 8-15 acres depending on wood size type of cut; $24/acre
Double Boom (Self Propelled) Hour 550.00 4 to 10 acres/hour rooftop; 15 to 30 acres flattncut from
Limb Lifter/Tree Skirt Trimmer Acre 12.00- 17.00 14.13 3 to 5 acres/hr \bhd tops
Removing Brush:
Haul Brush out of Grove Hour 40.00- 50.00 46.54 Front-end loader
Mow/Chop Brush Hour 27.00- 38.00 31.63 Average $10.00/acre

OTHER CUSTOM RATES:

Install Tree Wraps $0.07 $0.25 depending on type of wrap and number of trees
Plant Treea (Solid Set) Tree S0.65- $ 1.50 $ 1.09 Varies as to density
Plant Trees (Resets) Tree 1.25- 2.50 2.05 Varie as to the number of resets
Travel/Setup Charge Hour 26.40
Grove Management Charge/Month:
Supervising Grove Care Operations Acre 3.00- 6.00 3.97 In addition to caretaking charges
Handling Fruit Marketing $0.20/box; $0.05/pound solids
Supervising/Handling Chemicals/Fertilizer 7% to 15% of materials cost; averaged 13%

Consulting $100 per hour for Horticultural Evaluation and/or Financial Analysis/prospectus.
$2 per acre for Pest Management/Regulatory Compliance in addition to management charge.

Total Reported Acreage Provided Grove
Service to: Acre 900- 8,000 2,756 Total acres reporting: 44,092


*Plus materials. Caretakers reporting rates include labor, tractor and sprayer, supply truck included by most caretakers.

'Calculated by dividing the total number of careakers reporting a grove practice rate into the sum reported. Unless otherwise stated, labor included with all charges.


Source: Ronald P. Muraro, Exteusion Farm Management Economist, Lake Alfred CREC, May 1997.


I









Table 9-A.--1997 summary of average chemical price estimates
Average Your Price
Item Unit Price (1996-97)


Fungicides: Aliette 80WP
Benlate
Basic Copper Sulfate (53%)
Copper (50%) (Kocide 101)
Copper (40%) (Kocide 606)
Carbamate 76WP
Copper (Champ)
Oil 435 or 455
Ridomil 5G
Ridomil 2E
Ridomil (Gold)
Insecticides/Nematicides:
Admire
Agri-Mek (0.15EC)
Carzol 92 SP
Comite 6.55 EC
Dicofol 4 EC
Ethion
Guthion 2L
Guthion 50WP
Kelthane MF
Logic Bait
Lorsban 4EC
Lorsban 15G
Malathion 5 E
Metasystox-R
Methyl Bromide 98/2 (200 lbs.)
Micromite 25WP
Morestan 25WP
Neemix
Nemacur 3EC
Nemacur 15G
Sevin 80S
Sevin XLR
Sulphur 6F
Sulphur Dust
Supracide 2 EC
Temik 15G
Thiolux 80 DF
Vendex 50W


gal.
gal.
lb.
gal.
gal.
gal.
gal.
lb.
gal.
lb.
gal.
lb.
gal.
gal.
lb.
lb.
lb.
gal.
gal.
lb.
lb.
gal.
gal.
ton
gal.
lb.
lb.
lb.


9.45
15.78
1.33
1.91
12.58
4.34
1.69
2.19
4.82
165.70
598.71


536.10
613.73
28.40
81.06
46.35
32.79
31.80
8.22
43.82
7.07
45.70
1.97
24.04
57.45
1.19
30.59
12.41
42.18
70.17
3.46
4.29
25.94
3.65
310.00
48.31
3.06
0.66
15.82


I







Table 9-A.--1997 summary of average chemical price estimates (cont'd.)


Your Price
(1996-97)


SOURCE: Ronald P. Muraro, Extension Farm Management Economist, University of
Florida, IFAS, CREC, Lake Alfred, Florida, May 1997.


Item
Herbicides: DeVine
Devrinol 50WP
Direx 4L
Direx 80 DF
Eptam 7-E
Fusilade DX
Goal
Gramoxone (Paraquat)
Hyvar X
Karmex
Krovar I
Princep (Caliber 90)
Princep 4L
Prowl
Rodeo (30 gal drum)
Roundup (30 gal drum)
Roundup Ultra
Simazine 4L
Solicam
Surflan AS
Torpedo 1E
Touchdown
Treflan
Growth Regulators:
Citrus Fix
Pro-Gibb 3.91%
Tre-Hold
Other Spray Materials:
Borates (15%)
Manganese (32%)
Zinc (78%)
Adjuvant (Surfactant)
Nutritional Spray Mix:
Goemar BM 86
Goemar MZ 63
NutraLeaf (20-20-20)
Sequestrene 138 FE
Peter's 20-20-20 Foliar
Key Plex 350
Dyna Gold MZF
Soil Applied Iron Humate


Unit
pt.
lb.
gal.
lb.
gal.
gal.
gal.
gal.
lb.
lb.
lb.
lb.
gal.
gal.
gal.
gal.
gal.
gal.
lb.
gal.
gal.
gal.
gal.

gal.
20 oz.
gal.

lb.
lb.
Ib.
gal.
gal.
gal.
lb.
lb.
lb.
gal.
gal.
lb.


Average
Price
71.50
8.00
20.51
4.13
32.58
133.88
74.34
35.85
15.95
4.16
10.20
3.31
14.44
28.00
103.76
45.38
48.83
13.77
13.18
57.75
50.22
71.45
32.90

385.00
40.51
75.58

0.71
0.34
0.70
14.14
28.50
30.50
0.65
10.63
0.64
14.15
7.25
0.15


I








Table 10-A.--1997 summary of average fertilizer price estimates
Average Your Price
Item Unit Price (1996-97)


FERTILIZER (FOB Price @ Plant)
Slow Release (Young Tree)*
IBDU: 10-3-7 (85% Slow Release N)
8-4-8 (50% Slow Release N)
Osmocote: 18-4-12
17-6-9
ESCOTE: 19-6-12
(% Slow Release) (100-50-50)
Nutralene/Hydrolene (N 38%)
Sulfur Coated Urea (39%-40% N)
(70% Slow Release N)
Dry Mix (Bulkl
17-0-17-3
17-4-17-2.4
16-0-16
16-0-16-4
16-2-16-3
15-2-12-2.4g
12-2-12-2.4
8-8-8 w/minors**
8-4-8 w/minors**
8-2-8 w/minors**
6-6-6 w/minors**
Liquid Mix (Bulk)
8-2-8
8-4-8
9-3-9
9-4-9
10-0-10
10-2-10
12-0-6
12-3-6


$

434.00
316.00
1,318.00
1,562.00

1,524.00

918.75

412.75


177.88
178.63
151.39
173.88
175.66
162.45
146.43
127.83
124.33
116.80
116.89

114.85
123.05
126.75
130.59
122.30
130.57
128.24
141.09


*Slow Release Elements are indicated in parenthesis.
**With organic nitrogen, the price averaged 25% higher.


r









Table 10-A.--1997 summary of average fertilizer price estimates (cont'd.)

Average Your Price
Item Unit Price (1996-97)

Foliar N $
UNOCAL Plus (20% N) gal. 1.35
Spray Grade Urea (46% N) ton 375.00
Spray Grade Urea (23 % N) gal. 1.00
Spray Grade Potassium Nitrate (14% N) ton (bags) 398.75
Trizone/Dynazone gal. 4.00
Other Fertilizer Materials (Bulk)
Ammonium Nitrate (21% N Liquid) ton 157.23
Ammonium Nitrate (33.5% N Dry) ton 207.83
Ammonium Sulfate (21% N) ton 131.91
Calcium Nitrate (19% Ca, 15.5% N) ton 201.11
Dolomite (at mine--49% CaCO3, 36% MgCO3) ton 13.75
Muriate of Potash (60% K20) ton 139.00
Potassium Nitrate (14% N; 46% K20) ton 335.87
Sul-Po-Mag (SPM--21.9% K20) ton 169.00
Super Phosphate (20% P2Os) ton 140.22
Triple Superphosphate (48% P205) ton 198.37
Average Delivery Cost ton 12.63


SOURCE: Ronald P. Muraro, Extension Farm Management Economist, University of
Florida, IFAS, CREC, Lake Alfred, Florida, May 1997.










Table 1 1-A.-Cost for establishing, planting and maintaining a citrus grove through four years of age, South Florida flatwoods area
Cost Per Acre
Range Average


Land Cost:' Improved Pasture Land
Raw Land and Semi-improved Pasture
Land Preparation: Pasture and Light Palmettos
(Clearing) Raw Land (heavy pines, palmettos)
Leveling: With Laser
Without Laser
Bedding: 2-rows (short rows 1,350+ feet)
Soil Amendments: Dolomite 1 ton
Super Phosphate, 400 lbs.


$
1,700-2,500
1,150-1,800
125- 275
350- 600
200- 350
100- 250
100- 195


$
2,050
1,450
195
465
275
160
130
35


Canals, Ditches and Dikes 150- 260 195
Reservoirs and Roads 130- 180 155
Throw-out Pumps for Water Movement 45- 60 55
Culverts 65- 135 85
Middle Drop Drainage Pipes 45- 95 105
Drainage Tile 140- 160 150
Cover Crop 9- 16 12
Irrigation System: Microsprinkler with Well2 850-1,500 1,000
without Well 525-1,200 700
Drip with Well2 775-1,050 875
without Well 400- 825 560
Water Permits, Environmental Studies, and Engineering: Cost 40- 90 70
Time in Months 5- 12 8
Percent Land Utilization: Planted to Citrus 55%- 85% 71%
Ditches and Canals 5%- 10% 8%
Water Retention 10%- 30% 15%
Roads and Service Areas 3%- 15% 6%


South Florida
Year


Solidset Planted Trees'

Microsprinkler Irrigation and Ditch Maintenance
Fertilize Tree
Supplemental Fertilization thru Irrigation
Spray
Insulated Tree Wrap (annual maintenance)
Sprouting (labor)
Cultivation/Mowing
Herbicide
Ridomil/Aliette
Miscellaneous
Total Cost Per Year

Reset Trees (annual additional grove care costs)

Cost of Plantine Trees'


--- Cost Per Tree ---


$0.40
0.25
0.15
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.44
0.54
0.35
0.43
$3.31

$2.13


$0.50
0.40
0.20
0.40
0.25
0.20
0.44
0.54
0.35
0.42
$3.77

$2.47


Solidset = $5.00


$0.65
0.55
0.25
0.47
0.25
0.00
0.44
0.54
0.00
.Q42
$3.62

$1.84

Reset = $6.30


'Land cost will vary from one county to another as well as from one parcel to another.

2Irrigation costs include distribution system, power unit and well (where indicated.) The higher cost ranges reported also included a cost for fertigation
equipment.

The per tree costs shown are applicable for tree densities of 145 to 165 trees per acre. The per tree costs should be decreased for higher density plantings and
increased for lower density plantings; e.g., at 200 trees per acre decrease costs by 15%; at 115 trees per acre increase costs by 15%.

Tree cost (bare root) = $3.25; stake, plant, and water tree = $1.25 (solidset) and $2.55 (resets); and uninsulated tree wrap = $0.50.

Source: Ronald P. Muraro, Farm Management Economist, CREC, Lake Alfred, FL, November 1989.


$0.85
0.56
0.29
0.50
0.00
0.00
0.44
0.54
0.00
0.QA
$3.66


I








Table 12-A.-Estimated cost of planting and maintaining a reset citrus tree through three years of age,
1996

Number of Resets/Replacement Trees Per Acre
1-2 3-5 6-10 11-25 26+
--------- Cost Per Tree ---------

Year #: $ $ $ $ $
Tree Removal 5.21 4.53 3.62 2.93 2.34
Tree Cost (Container Tree) 4.00 4.00 3.75 3.75 3.75
Site Preparation" 5.12 4.44 3.76 3.48 2.73
Plant Tree and First Watering 2.37 2.05 1.7 L61 126
Total Planting Cost 11.49 10.49 9.24 8.84 7.74
Supplemental Fertilization 4 Times
(Application & Materials) 1.26 1.10 1.01 0.92 0.84
Supplemental Spraying (Application & Materials) 0.45 0.39 0.36 0.33 0.30
Spot Herbicide (Application & Materials) 0.21 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.13
Tree Wrap (Corrugated) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Sprouting/Pruning 0.38 0.38 0.35 0.35 0.32
Miscellaneous 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.13
Supervision & Overhead 0.26 24 0.23 022 20.
Total Tree Care Cost Year #1 3.72 3.44 3.25 3.10 2.92
Total Cost Year #1 20.42 18.46 16.11 14.87 13.00
Year #2:
Supplemental Fertilization 3 Times
(Application & Materials) 1.70 1.51 1.32 1.12 1.02
Supplemental Spraying (Application & Materials) 0.52 0.46 0.40 0.34 0.31
Spot Herbicide (Application & Materials) 0.20 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.13
Sprouting/Pruning 0.45 0.45 0.38 0.38 0.34
Miscellaneous 0.14 0.13 0.11 0.10 0.09
Supervision & Overhead 0.231 020 1 0.16 .14
Total Cost Year #2 3.24 2.93 2.55 2.24 2.03
Year #3:
Supplemental Fertilization 3 Times
(Application & Materials) 2.31 2.06 1.77 1.51 1.28
Miscellaneous 0.12 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.06
Supervision & Overhead 18 0.16 014 0.12 010
Total Cost Year #3 2.61 2.32 2.00 1.71 1.44
Total Three-Year Cumulative Costs 26.27 23.71 20.66 182 16.47

'Site preparation for bedded citrus grove; cost of root removal, rotovating/leveling tree planting site.
Fumigate planting site would cost approximately $2.50 per tree.
SOURCE: Ronald P. Muraro, Farm Management Economist, CREC, Lake Alfred, FL, November 1996.









Table 13-A.-Estimated average picking, roadsiding and hauling rates for Florida citrus -
1994-95 season'

Variety Fresh Processing State average

Picking: ------------- $ Per Florida field box--------------
............................................................................................................ .................................
Early/Midseason oranges 0.740 0.630 0.685
Valencia oranges 0.826 0.630 0.728


Pink/Red grapefruit 0.556 0.456 0.506
White grapefruit 0.542 0.402 0.472


Temples 0.850 0.800 0.829
Tangelos 0.814 0.818 0.816
Tangerines 1.571 1.571 1.571


Roadsiding: ---------------- $ Per Florida field box---------------

Early/Midseason oranges 0.740 0.740 0.740
Valencia oranges 0.762 0.762 0.762


Pink/Red grapefruit 0.708 0.708 0.708
White grapefruit 0.676 0.676 0.676


Temples 0.698 0.698 0.698
Tangelos 0.730 0.730 0.730
Tangerines 1.003 1.003 1.003

Hauling (All citrus): ----------------- $ Per Florida field box--------------

(Mileage Range)
0-30 miles 0.349 0.349 0.349
31-50 miles 0.379 0.379 0.379
51-80 miles 0.455 0.455 0.455
81-100 miles 0.517 0.517 0.517
100+ miles 0.598 0.598 0.598

SHarvesting rates from a mail-in survey conducted. Although, the total survey respondents
represented less than 10% of the total fruit harvested in the 1994/95 season, review of the
harvesting rates data by industry sources indicate that the averages reported are representative
for the harvest 1994/95 season.


I










Table 14-A.-Estimated total harvesting (pick/roadside/haul). Costs per box for Florida citrus -
1994-95 season'

Variety/Hauling Range Fresh Processing State average
EARLY/MID ORANGES S Per Florida field box -
0-30 miles 1.829 1.719 1.774
31-50 miles 1.859 1.749 1.804
51-80 miles 1.935 1.825 1.880
81-100 miles 1.997 1.887 1.942
100+ miles 2.078 1.968 2.023
State aver !W 1.910 1.800 1.855
.. ................. ......................... ........................................................................
VALENCIA ORANGES Per Florida field box
0-30 miles 1.937 1.741 1.839
31-50 miles 1.967 1.771 1.869
51-80 miles 2.043 1.847 1.945
81-100 miles 2.105 1.909 2.007
100+ miles 2.186 1.990 2.088
...State. v rag ......................................................2.:01.9 .......................... ...23 ..............................-.9?21...............
RED GRAPEFRUIT -- $ Per Florida field box--
0-30 miles 1.613 1.513 1.563
31-50 miles 1.643 1.543 1.593
51-80 miles 1.719 1.619 1.669
81-100 miles 1.781 1.681 1.731
100+ miles 1.862 1.762 1.812
...State average ...................................................... ..6.9.3 ........................... 1:.593 ......................... 643 ............
WHITE GRAPEFRUIT $ Per Florida field box
0-30 miles 1.567 1.427 1.497
31-50 miles 1.597 1.457 1.527
51-80 miles 1.673 1.533 1.603
81-100 miles 1.735 1.595 1.655
100+ miles 1.816 1.676 1.746
State avergeF .1.6.... .44 1.504 1.574
...s.tate .................................................... :64 ..... ........................5......... ...7.................74
TANGELOS $ Per Florida field box----
0-30 miles 1.893 1.897 1.895
31-50 miles 1.923 1.926 1.924
51-80 miles 1.999 2.002 2.000
81-100 miles 2.061 2.064 2.062
100+ miles 2.142 2.146 2.144
.. ate .................................................... .... ......................... .... ........................... 2
TANGERINES S- Per Florida field box
0-30 miles 2.923 2.923 2.923
31-50 miles 2.952 2.952 2.952
51-80 miles 3.028 3.028 3.028
81-100 miles 3.091 3.091 3.091
100+ miles 3.172 3.172 3.172
State average 3.001 3.001 3.001









Table 15-A.-Summary of Florida fresh citrus packing charges by variety 1994-95 season'
Grapefruit Oranges/Temples Tangerines Tangelos

Domestic Export
$ Per 4/5 Carton


Total packing $3.077 $3.228 $3.320 $4.031 $3.465
Label/PLU charges $0.133 $0.133 $0.133 $0.133 $0.133

Export handling charges $0.712 -

Pre-cooled charges $0.117 $0.117 $0.117 $0.117 $0.117

Eliminations:
Charges per field boxb $0.656 $0.656 $0.666 $0.701 $0.676

* Represents data from ten fresh citrus packinghouses located in the Indian River and Central (Ridge)
citrus producing regions.
b Add $0.35 per box charge for short haul distance to processing plant and up to $0.60 per box for
100+ miles hauling distance.










Table 16-A.-Historic prices' for selected citrus varieties
Variety
Early and Seedless grapefruit'
mid'-season Late season Temple All
Crop year oranges oranges oranges Tangerines Tangelos (white) (colored)


1961-62
1962-63
1963-64
1964-65
1965-66
1966-67
1967-68
1968-69
1969-70
1970-71
1971-72
1972-73
1973-74
1974-75
1975-76
1976-77
1977-78
1978-79
1979-80
1980-81
1981-82
1982-83
1983-84
1984-85
1985-86
1986-87
1987-88
1988-89
1989-90
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96'


$1.93
2.17
4.43
2.57
1.44
0.81
1.86
1.56
1.15
1.10
1.98
1.43
1.38
1.46
1.69
1.89
3.90
4.44
3.59
3.67
4.27
4.88
5.09
7.30
3.92
4.56
6.72
6.63
6.01
5.38
5.44
3.16
3.58
3.01
3.44


$1.81
3.50
4.45
2.28
1.79
1.08
2.28
1.83
1.13
1.91
2.11
1.71
1.59
1.82
1.88
2.63
4.40
4.95
3.89
4.63
4.29
5.41
6.72
6.88
3.97
6.02
8.73
8.41
6.53
6.58
6.65
3.88
4.61
4.25
6.24


$2.17
3.09
4.45
2.77
1.80
0.88
2.79
2.22
1.47
1.91
1.95
1.95
1.64
1.68
1.79
2.16
3.92
4.89
2.89
4.21
4.01
3.99
5.34
5.59
3.01
3.60
5.69
5.46
5.64
6.31
6.51
2.99
2.73
2.89
4.10


$2.04
3.02
3.18
2.68
2.14
1.06
4.29
2.55
2.23
1.88
2.97
2.37
2.82
3.05
3.02
3.29
4.79
4.99
4.25
5.45
6.23
7.57
5.93
15.91
12.69
10.92
12.99
12.64
15.28
17.10

18.00
13.75
9.83
11.98
12.47


$3.36
4.66
4.83
4.00
2.85
1.64
3.22
2.47
1.13
1.04
1.69
1.39
1.25
1.45
1.42
1.42
3.29
3.90
2.87
3.92
3.58
4.37
4.28
7.08
4.06
3.72
5.58
6.31
5.10
6.11
7.16
3.31
2.38
2.18
3.69


$0.68
1.29
2.24
1.51
1.39
0.73
2.05
0.98
1.72
1.89
2.27
2.06
1.58
1.55
1.29
1.49
1.47
2.21
3.12
3.46
1.92
1.51
2.08
3.02
3.56
4.45
5.35
4.33
5.21
4.59
6.46
2.22
3.23
2.23
2.28


$0.86
1.81
2.54
1.82
1.64
0.94
2.48
1.15
1.92
2.15
2.69
2.53
2.12
2.59
2.23
2.04
2.09
3.13
3.80
4.22
2.80
3.20
4.05
4.84
4.98
5.80
5.93
4.71
6.30
6.85
6.87
3.11
3.38
1.82
1.71


"On-tree average price per box (1-3/5 bushel
charges.


bNavel and Hamlin
'Parson Brown and Pineapple


box equivalent) for all methods of sale minus pick and haul


dValencia


fPreliminary


eMarsh (white) or pink


Source: Florida Agricultural Statistics Service.













Table 17-A.-Debt which can be supported per $1,000.00 annual payment capacity


Loan Interest rate paid on the loan
term
(years) 8.0% 8.5% 9.0% 9.5% 10.0% 10.5% 11.0% 11.5% 12.0% 12.5% 13.0% 13.5% 14.0% 14.5% 15.0%

1 926 922 917 913 909 905 901 897 893 889 885 881 877 873 870
2 1,783 1,771 1,759 1,747 1,754 1,724 1,713 1,701 1,690 1,679 1,668 1,657 1,647 1,636 1,626
3 2,577 2,554 2,531 2,509 2,487 2,465 2,444 2,423 2,402 2,381 2,361 2,341 2,322 2,302 2,283
4 3,312 3,276 3,240 3,204 3,170 3,136 3,102 3,070 3,037 3,006 2,974 2,944 2,914 2,884 2,855
5 3,993 3,941 3,890 3,840 3,791 3,743 3,696 3,650 3,605 3,561 3,517 3,475 3,433 3,392 3,352
6 4,623 4,554 4,486 4,420 4,355 4,292 4,230 4,170 4,111 4,054 3,998 3,942 3,889 3,836 3,784
7 5,206 5,119 5,033 4,950 4,868 4,789 4,712 4,640 4,564 4,492 4,423 4,355 4,288 4,224 4,160
8 5,747 5,639 5,535 5,433 5,335 5,239 5,146 5,056 4,968 4,882 4,799 4,718 4,639 4,562 4,487
9 6,247 6,119 5,995 5,875 5,759 5,646 5,537 5,431 5,328 5,228 5,132 5,038 4,946 4,858 4,772
10 6,710 6,561 6,418 6,279 6,145 6,015 5,889 5,768 5,650 5,536 5,426 5,319 5,216 5,116 5,019
11 7,139 6,969 6,805 6,647 6,495 6,348 6,207 6,070 5,938 5,810 5,687 5,568 5,453 5,341 5,234
12 7,536 7,345 7,161 6,984 6,814 6,650 6,492 6,341 6,194 6,054 5,918 5,787 5,660 5,538 5,421
13 7,904 7,691 7,487 7,291 7,103 6,923 6,750 6,583 6,424 6,270 6,122 5,979 5,842 5,710 5,583
14 8,244 8,010 7,786 7,572 7,367 7,170 6,982 6,801 6,628 6,462 6,302 6,149 6,002 5,861 5,724
15 8,559 8,304 8,061 7,828 7,606 7,394 7,191 6.997' 6,811 6,633 6,462 6,299 6,142 5,992 5,847
16 8,851 8,576 8,313 8,062 7,824 7,596 7,379 7,172 6,974 6,785 6,604 6,431 6,265 6,106 5,954
17 9,122 8,825 8,543 8,276 8,022 7,779 7,549 7,329 7,119 6,920 6,729 6,547 6,373 6,207 6,048
18 9,372 9,056 8,756 8,471 8,201 7,945 7,702 7,470 7,250 7,040 6,840 6,649 6,467 6,294 6,128
19 9,603 9,268 8,950 8,650 8,365 8,095 7,839 7,596 7,366 7,146 6,938 6,739 6,551 6,370 6,198
20 9,818 9,463 9,129 8,812 8,514 8,231 7,963 27.10 7,469 7,241 7,025 6,819 6,623 6,437 6,259
25 10,675 10,234 9,823 9,438 9,077 8,739 8,422 8,123 7,843 7,579 7,330 7,095 6,873 6,663 6,464
30 11,258 10,747 10,274 9,835 9,427 9,047 8,868 8,364 8,055 7,766 7,496 7,242 7,003 6,778 6,566
35 11,655 11,088 10,567 10,087 9,644 9,234 8,855 8,503 8,175 7,870 7,586 7,320 7,070 6,836 6,617
40 11,925 11,315 10,757 10,247 9,779 9,348 8,951 8,587 8,244 7,928 7,634 7,361 7,105 6,866 6,642


'Example. Assumes a $10,000 after tax income at 11.5% interest rate and a 15-year term mortgage, the total debt which can be supported is $69,970
($6,997 x 10). At 11.5% interest rate and a 20-year term mortgage, the total debt which can be supported is $77,100 ($7,710 x 10).