Costs and returns from vegetable crops in Florida, with comparisons

March 1973
/00
F / 13
fl1S4do *

Costs and

Returns

from

Vegetable

Crops

in Florida

Season

1971-72

Comparisons

Food and Resource Economics Department
Agricultural Experiment Stations and
Cooperative Extension Service
Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
University of Florida, Gainesville

L. Brooke

Economics Report 44

with

Be~Se~hC~bl I ILIl I d~ I ,ILI I

Donald

FOREWORD

This is the twelfth in a new series of summaries of costs and
returns from the principal vegetable crops by major producing areas in
Florida. There is a need among growers, commodity groups, credit agencies,
research workers and teachers for current factual information of this type.

Data in this summary were gathered by personal interview with growers
of the various vegetable crops. Growers' records of actual production
costs were used when available, and estimates taken when records were not
kept. As complete a breakdown of costs as possible was obtained from
each grower. Insofar as possible, growing and harvesting costs have been
separated and labor items excluded from costs of materials. In a few cases,
where crop sales were not available from growers, they were computed on
the basis of average prices received for the crop as reported by the Florida
Crop and Livestock Reporting Service, U.S.D.A., Orlando, Florida.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The writer wishes to express his appreciation to the vegetable
growers for their excellent cooperation and also to the Florida Fruit and
Vegetable Association, the Florida Crop and Livestock Reporting Service,
U.S.D.A., Orlando, Florida, and to various county agents for much worth-
while assistance.

__ _.__ .

FOREWORD

This is the twelfth in a new series of summaries of costs and
returns from the principal vegetable crops by major producing areas in
Florida. There is a need among growers, commodity groups, credit agencies,
research workers and teachers for current factual information of this type.

Data in this summary were gathered by personal interview with growers
of the various vegetable crops. Growers' records of actual production
costs were used when available, and estimates taken when records were not
kept. As complete a breakdown of costs as possible was obtained from
each grower. Insofar as possible, growing and harvesting costs have been
separated and labor items excluded from costs of materials. In a few cases,
where crop sales were not available from growers, they were computed on
the basis of average prices received for the crop as reported by the Florida
Crop and Livestock Reporting Service, U.S.D.A., Orlando, Florida.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The writer wishes to express his appreciation to the vegetable
growers for their excellent cooperation and also to the Florida Fruit and
Vegetable Association, the Florida Crop and Livestock Reporting Service,
U.S.D.A., Orlando, Florida, and to various county agents for much worth-
while assistance.

__ _.__ .

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

FOREWORD AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................ i
MAP OF FLORIDA VEGETABLE PRODUCING AREAS.............. iii
DEFINITIONS........................................... iv

Costs and Returns Data

Beans, Snap......................................... 1

Beans, Pole........................................... 2
Cabbage........................................... ........... 3 4
Celery................................. ............. 5 6
Corn, Sweet.......................................... 7 8
Cucumbers........................................... 9
Eggplant........................................... 10
Leaf Crops.......................................... 11 12

Peppers, Green...................................... 13 14
Potatoes, Irish..................................... 15 17
Radishes.............................................. 18
Squash.............................................. 19 21
Tomatoes ............................................ 22 27

Watermelons ................................... ...... 28

Donald L. Brooke is professor and acting chairman of the Food
and Resource Economics Department.

"9 *' 'I ----
18 1
19 t -4

\ r 6
FL RIDA 'A
VEGETABLE PRODUCING AREAS

.V3
With Principal Vegetables Produced 13

1. Dade tomatoes, snap and pole beans, Irish 1 l 912'
potatoes, squash, cucumbers, strawberries |9_ -
2 Palm Beach-Broward snap beans, peppers, 10
eggplant, cucumbers, squash, tomatoes -
3 Immokalee-Lee tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, -
squash, Irish potatoes, watermelons
4 Everglades snap beans, sweet corn, cabbage,
escarole, celery, Irish potatoes, radishes
5 Fort Pierce tomatoes, watermelons 8 I
6 Wauchula cucumbers, tomatoes, watermelons --- J
7 Sarasota celery, radishes, lettuce, cabbage
8 Manatee-Ruskin tomatoes, cabbage, cauliflower,
-- --

watermelons
9 Plant City strawberries, peppers, squash, -
pole beans, southern peas, okra
0 Sumter cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, lettuce,
watermelons '
SZellwood sweet corn, celery, escarole, 2
lettuce, snap beans, radishes
2 Sanford-Oviedo cabbage, celery, snap beans,
lettuce, escarole, sweet corn, peppers
3 Oxford-Belleview-Lowell tomatoes, watermelons
SMcIntosh-Island Grove squash, snap beans, celery,
cabbage, lettuce, watermelons
5 Alachua snap beans, cucumbers, peppers,
Irish potatoes, watermelons
Hastings Irish potatoes, cabbage o 0a
I Starke-Brooker-Lake Butler snap and lima beans, 0o
cucumbers, peppers, squash, strawberries
SQuincy-Havana pole beans, cucumbers, squash
SEscambia Irish potatoes

iiiI
watermelons~ -->-
I~~~~~~~ ~ ~~ Zeh*d-setcrn eey saoe
lettcesnapbeas,,radihes I
i2 Snfod-Oied cbbae, eley, sap ean, h J l

i- --.. .
letueesarle see crn ppprs... ', .i

DEFINITIONS

Number of growers: Number of individual records or estimates of crop
costs and returns included in each crop summary.

Number of acres: The total acreage planted by growers whose records or
estimates were used. When a part of the planted acreage was lost soon
after planting and replaced by another crop, the reduced acreage was used.

Average acres per grower: The number of acres of the particular crop
divided by the number of growers.

Average yield per acre: The number of units per planted acre harvested.

Land rent: In the interests of uniformity, land rent was charged for all
acreages and crops at the prevailing rate reported by growers in the area.
This was done to avoid difficulties in the determination of a normal
valuation, interest charge for use of land and capitalization of land
values in a period of fluctuating values and prices. Taxes on farm
real estate are excluded since rent is being charged.

Seed and seedbed includes the cost of seed or plants for planting the
crop. If a seedbed was used, the figures, unless otherwise noted, include
costs of labor and materials for growing plants as well as seed costs.

Fertilizer: Represents the actual cost of nutrient materials applied to
produce the crop. Labor or machine costs of application are not included.

Spray and dust includes only the cost of materials unless application
labor is specified, in which case some machine costs may also be present.
If weed control chemicals or soil fumigants were used, their cost also
is included here.

Cultural labor contains the cost of man labor, whether hired or family,
to produce the crop from ground preparation until ready for harvest. It
does not include supervision by the operator, since his compensation is
to a great extent dependent upon returns from the sale of the crop.

Machine hire is the cost of machine work hired, including use of air-
planes when applicable, in producing the crop. This item includes labor
charges for the machine operator and charges for the use of equipment.

Gas, oil and grease includes the cost of gas, oil and grease required to
operate tractors, trucks, sprayers, pumps and other machinery in producing
the crop.

Repair and maintenance represents the cost of repairs to equipment used
in producing the crop. It also includes the small tools such as hoes,
rakes and shovels purchased and charged off as a current expenditure. i

Depreciation includes the annual charge for depreciation and obsolescence
of equipment and labor housing. When actual depreciation charges could
not be obtained from records, they were computed by assuming a 10-year
average life-use on all equipment on the basis of replacement value as
indicated by the operator.

Licenses and insurance represent the cost of licenses and insurance items
when chargeable to the farm business. Licenses include those for trucks
and autos used on the farm. Insurance includes labor and crop insurance
and fire or windstorm insurance on buildings and equipment. It excludes
health or accident insurance for the operator or his family.

Interest on Droduction capital was charged at the rate of 6 percent on
all cash costs for the number of months required to grow and market the
crop regardless of whether or not much production capital was actually
borrowed. This percentage was used because it is believed to be the
normal interest rate.

Interest on capital invested (other than land) charged at 6 percent of
the actual or estimated annual depreciated value of the capital invested
in machinery and equipment. It was assumed that all equipment was pre-
sently worth one half its replacement value.

Miscellaneous includes such items as wire, stakes, twine, office supplies,
administrative expense other than value of the operator's management,
legal and audit fees, telephone and telegraph and incidental expenses.

Harvesting and marketing expense where possible, has been divided into
two items: (1) picking and (2) grading and packing. Picking, cutting
or digging expense includes actual cost of harvesting the crop and pre-
paring it for movement to packinghouse or wash house. Washing or grading
and packing expense includes preparation of the product for shipment either
in the field or at an adjacent packinghouse. It includes machinery and
overhead costs in addition to labor. The same is true for all crops in
all areas where grading and packing is done off the farm in packinghouses.

Containers includes the cost for hampers, crates, bags or baskets in
which the product is moved to market.

Hauling is the cost of movement of the product from field to packinghouse
or loading point. It is often computed on a contract basis and includes
labor and equipment items. In cases where hauling was performed by the
operator's trucks, the costs have been separated from production labor
and machine expense items as nearly as possible.

Other: The cost of precooling the commodity prior to shipment and, for
tomatoes, celery and sweet corn, the contribution to the Marketing Agree-
ment Program. Inspection fees, when incurred, are included in packinghouse
charges and are not reported as a separate item.

Selling: The packinghouse, market, sales organization or dealer's charge
for performing the sales service for the crop when deducted from the pro-
ducer's price. This cost does not include charges for unloading, grading,
packing, etc.

Crop sales are the gross returns to the grower before deduction of growing,
harvesting and marketing costs.

Net return: Return to the producer after deduction of all expenses in
producing, harvesting and marketing the crop.

Proration of costs between crops: For such items as seed, fertilizer,
spray and dust, airplane application and harvesting and marketing costs,
growers' records or estimates for each crop were used to make the appro-
priate charges.

In the case of the cultural labor, however, no breakdown for the different
crops produced on the individual farm could be obtained from the grower
except in a very few cases when such records had been kept. The total
cultural labor for all crops produced on each farm was, in most cases,
prorated to the various crops on the basis of available data developed
at the Florida Agricultural Experiment Stations with regard to man hours
required in various parts of the state to produce different crops from
land preparation to harvest. Except in a very few cases, a similar
situation also applies to such items as machine hire, tractor fuel, oil
and grease, repairs, depreciation and other production costs where records
had not been kept as to their respective charges to different crops.
Prorations were also made of these items on the basis of available data
(D. L. Brooke, Fla. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 660, June 1963).

In many cases individual growers did not incur every cost item. This
applies especially to airplane application, machine hire, grading and
packing, containers, hauling and precooling. Thus, these data are based
only on the overall average for all growers contacted in each area.
Footnotes have been used to set forth the number of growers and average
costs for items not incurred by all growers in the area.

Per-unit costs and returns were computed by dividing the average yield
per acre in the area into the various items of cost shown in the individ-
ual tables. They are merely averages of the data recorded and, in some
cases, do not reflect the full cost of performing the service because
all growers may not have incurred every item of cost.

Range per acre showing the lowest and the highest of the sampled observa-
tions for yields, costs and returns are included for each crop and area.
This is intended to show growers and other interested parties the extremes
that may be encountered in vegetable production.

vi
SI

Snap Beans
Costs and Returns per acre in the Palm Beach-Broward Area
5-Season Average 1967-71 and 1971-72

Item : 5-Season : 1971-72
Item 1971-72
: Average :

Number of growers.............................. :
Number of acres .................................. :
Average acres per grower..........................
Average yield per acre (bushels)................. :
Growing costs:

Land rent ......................................:$
Seed............................................ :
Fertilizer ..................................... :
Spray and dust................................. :
Cultural labor ................................. :
Machine hire ................................... :
Gas, oil and grease............................ :
Repair and maintenance......................... :
Depreciation................................ ... :
Licenses and insurance........ ................:
Interest on production capital (67 4 mos.)...:
Interest on capital invested (other than land).:
Miscellaneous expense........................... :
Total growing cost............................... :
Harvesting and marketing costs:
Picking and packing expense.................... :
Containers..................................... :
Hauling........................................ :
Selling......................................... :
Total harvesting and marketing cost...............:
Total crop cost .................................. :
Crop sales ....................................... :
Net return ......................................:$

11
9735
885
86

9
11,940
1,327
70

Average per
Acre Acre

32.90 :$ 28.70
20.37 : 24.11
45.91 : 50.39
14.52 : 25.96
31.47 : 25.69
11.01 : 13.81
9.27 : 8.75
13.46 : 12.90
10.76 : 8.46
7.01 : 7.67
3.85 : 4.09
1.08 : .84
6.61 : 6.19
208.22 :217.56

89.64 : 60.37
36.69 : 31.54
8.91 : 8.59
11.31 : 10.48
146.55 : 110.98
354.77 : 328.54
359.56 :331.58
4.79 :$ 3.04

1971-72 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (bushels) .............................................: 33 87
Total growing cost..........................................:$ 180.67 :$313.74
Total harvesting and marketing cost.........................: 51.97 : 153.59
Total crop cost..............................................: 260.62 : 467.33
Crop sales....................................................... : 148.50 : 435.00
Net return ...................................................:$-131.62 :$106.78

Source: Grower records and estimates.

Bushel

:$3.108

0.862
.450
.123
.150
1.585
: 4.693
: 4.737
:$0.044

Pole Beans
Costs and Returns per acre in the Dade County Area
5-Season Average 1967-71 and 1971-72

: 5-Season : 1 -
Item A e1971-72
: Average :

Number of growers..................... ... ......... :
Number of acres............................... .... :
Average acres per grower ........................ :
Average yield per acre (bushels).................:
Growing costs:

7
2832
405
255

Acre
Land rent......................................:$ 34.45

Seed........................................... :
Fertilizer.....................................
Spray and dust................................. :
Cultural labor................................. :
Machine hire................................... :
Gas, oil and grease........................... :
Repair and maintenance......................... :
Depreciation................................... :
Licenses and insurance.......................... :
Interest on production capital (67. 4 mos,)...:
Interest on capital invested (other than land).:
Miscellaneous expense .. ....................... :
Total growing cost............................... :
Harvesting and marketing costs:
Picking and packing expense....................
Containers................................................
Hauling..........................................
Selling.................................. ...... :
Total harvesting and marketing cost..............:

Total crop cost.................

22.13
59.59
42.94
178.54
13.42
16.81
25.90
16.19
14.15
9.09
1.62
46.74
481.57

180.38
110.46
26.42
46.33
363.59
845.16

Crop sales........................................: 947.34
Net return .......................................:$102.18

9
2920
324
298

Average per
Acre
:$ 38.77
S 26.06
S 73.77
: 55.19
: 177.18
: 10.99
: 23.13
S.: 40.38
S 23.27
S 25.21
S 10.90
: 2.33
S 74.42
S581.60

:235.14
:143.72
39.05
56.44
:474.35
: 1055.95
: 1375.51
:$ 319.56

1971-72 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (bushels).............................................: 246 329
Total growing cost............. ..... .............. ..... ... :$ 499.36 :$ 790.37
Total harvesting and marketing cost.........................: 401.29 : 519.43
Total crop cost................................. .......: 986.75 : 1295.36
Crop sales..................................................: 1181.89 : 1543.75
Net return................................................. :$ 174.43 :$ 534.14

Source: Grower records and estimates.

*i

Bushel

:$1.951

.789
.482
.131
.190
: 1.592
: 3.543
: 4.616
:$1.073

:

Cabbage
Costs and Returns per acre in the Hastings Area
5-Season Average 1967-71 and 1971-72

: 5-Season :
Item 5-Season : 1971-72
: Average :

Number of growers................................ :
Number of acres..................................
Average acres per grower........................ :
Average yield per acre (50-lb.)..................:
Growing costs:

Land rent.................................. .... $
Seed...........................................:
Fertilizer .....................................
Spray and dust................................. :
Cultural labor................................. :
Machine hire................................... :
Gas, oil and grease ............................ :
Repair and maintenance........................ :
Depreciation............................. ...... .
Licenses and insurance......................... :
Interest on production capital (67o 4 mos.)...:
Interest on capital invested (other than land).:
Miscellaneous expense ......................... :
Total growing cost............................... :
Harvesting and marketing costs:

Cutting and packing'expense.................... :
Containers..................................... :
Hauling........................................ :
Selling........................................
Total harvesting and marketing cost...............:
Total crop cost..................................:
Crop sales.......................................

15
1600
107
445

Ac r
32.71
45.7:
68.4;
20.6:
81.1.
1,5
9.3(
17.1/
17.8;
8.09
5.81
1.7C
5.55
315.9(

105.20
185.56
1.35
70.83
362.94
678.90
793.26

Net return.......................................:$114.36

18
2286
127
435

Average per
e Acre

8 :$ 32.78
3 56.04
S 66.30
1 : 35.61
6 : 87.71
9 : 1.29a
6 10.35
S18.42
7 15.15
9 110.14
L 6.47
S : 1.52
5 : 4.75
6 :346.53

:128.40
:199.68

74.88
:402.96
:749.49
:823.77
:$ 74.28

1971-72 Range
From
Yield (50 lb.) ..............................................: 320
Total growing cost..........................................:$ 246.42
Total harvesting and marketing cost.........................: 248.19
Total crop cost............................................. : 577.79
Crop sales.................................................. : 617.90
Net return.................................................. :$-131.02

'-~~-----~ ~ -- ---- -~ -"**

Reported by 12 growers averaging $1.94 per acre.

Source: Grower records and estimates. i

i

50 lb.

:$0.797

.295
.459

.172
.926

1.723
1.894
:0.L 71

per Acre
To
560
:$ 448.29
513.60
899.82
:1118.01
:$ 266.93

I---------
~ --- -~----------

Cabbage
Costs and Returns per acre in the Sanford Area
5-Season Average 1967-71 and 1971-72

Item 5-Season : 1971-72
: Average :

Number of growers..................................:
Number of acres ..................................:
Average acres per grower......................... :
Average yield per acre (50 lb.) ..................:
Growing costs:

Land rent ............................... ......:
Seed............................................
Fertilizer .....................................
Spray and dust................................. :
Cultural labor ................. .. ...............
Machine hire ...................................:
Gas, oil and grease.............................:
Repair and maintenance .......................:
Depreciation................................... :
Licenses and insurance.......................:
Interest on production capital (67 4 mos.)...:
Interest on capital invested (other than land).:
Miscellaneous expense.......................... :
Total growing cost............................... :
Harvesting and marketing costs:

Cutting and packing expense.................
Containers..................................
Hauling.....................................
Selling.....................................
Total harvesting and marketing cost...........
Total crop cost...............................
Crop sales....................................
Net return ....................................

8
1702
213
438

Average per
Acre Acre

$ 32.47 :$
39.01
57.92
44.46
111.39
3.09
10.64
32.05
19.10
13.11
7.08
1.91
9.67 :

381.90

..: 138.82
...: 195.75
: 23.47
: 73.30
...:431.34
..: 813.24
...: 812.90
.. :$ -0.34

27.91
38.16
60.93
84.51
150.78
4.05a
9.84
45.25
35.07
25.02
9.22
3.51
14.31
508.56

:196.53
:287.56
39.81
89.54
:613.44
: 1122.00
: 1012.36
:$-109.64

1971-72 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (50 lb.)..............................................: 419 874
Total growing cost........................................... :$ 361.10 :$ 646.72
Total harvesting and marketing cost...........................: 406.43 : 1179.90
Total crop cost.............................................: 800.13 : 1541.00
Crop sales .................................................. : 792.27 1358.85
Net return................................................... :$-463.32 :$ 280.55

aReported by 4 growers averaging $6.08 per acre.

Source: Grower records and estimates.

6
1818
303
560

50 lb.

:$ 0.908

.351
.514
.071
.160
:1.096
:2.004
:1.808
:$-0.196

:

Celery
Costs and Returns per acre in the Central Florida Area
5-Season Average 1967-71 and 1971-72

: 5-Season 1971-72
Item : Average :

Number of growers.................
Number of acres....................
Average acres per grower..........
Average yield per acre (crates)...
Growing costs:

5
2034
407
510,

Acre

Land rent.............
Seed...................
Fertilizer.............
Spray and dust.........

Cultural labor................................. :
Machine hire................................... :
Gas, oil and grease............................ :
Repair and maintenance.........................:
Depreciation............................. ......
Licenses and insurance.........................
Interest on production capital (6% 5 mos.)...:
Interest on capital invested (other than land).:
Miscellaneous expense...........................
Total growing cost............................... :
Harvesting and marketing costs:
Cutting and packing expense................... :
Containers.....................................
Hauling........................................
Other..........................................
Selling........................................
Total harvesting and marketing cost..............:
Total crop cost...................................

39.24
70.68
109.74
82.27
202.70
4.35
11.96
41.47
15.35
11.25
14.69
1.53
14.10
619.33

367.69
254.1.6
37.54
152.95
85.58
897.92
1517.25

Crop sales....................................... : 1585.81
Net return.......................................:$ 68.56

4
1620
405
678

Average per
Acre

Crate

:$ 49.60 :
78.09
:125.68 :
:122.12 :
: 204.95 :
8.43a:
10.65
35.32 :
11.35
17.00 :
16.78 :
1.13 :
19.25 :
700.35 :$1.033

:530.41
:379.92
64.33
:220.54
:120.32
: 1315.52
: 2015.87
: 2476.07
:$ 460.20

.782
.560
.095
.325
.178
: 1.940
: 2.973
: 3.652
:$0.679

1971-72 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (crates) ..............................................: 628 : 726
Total growing cost..........................................:$ 652.38 :$ 722.22
Total harvesting and marketing cost.........................: 1280.40 : 1362.40
Total crop cost.............................................. 1965.30 : 2072.51
Crop sales.................................................. 2212.63 : 2918.20
Net return...................................................:$ 189.57 :$ 915.58

Reported by 3 growers averaging $11.24 per acre.

Source: Grower records and estimates.

...............
...............

.. ...........

...................:$
...................:
...................
...................:

....

Celery
Cost and Returns per acre in the Everglades Area
5-Season Average 1967-71 and 1971-72

: 5-Season :
Item Sea : 1971-72
: Average :

Number of growers..............
Number of acres................
Average acres per grower.......
Average yield per acre (crates)

Growing costs:

Land rent........................... ......... .
Seed ...........................................
Fertilizer .................................... :
Spray and dust ...............................:
Cultural labor.................................:
Machine hire...................................
Gas, oil and grease............................ :
Repair and maintenance.........................
Depreciation...................................
Licenses and insurance......................... :
Interest on production capital (6% 5 mos.)...:
Interest on capital invested (other than land).:
Miscellaneous expense.......................... :
Total growing cost............................... :

Harvesting and marketinR costs:

Cutting and packing ex
Containers...... .....
Hauling...............
Other.................
Selling...............
Total harvesting and mar

Total crop cost.........
Crop sales..............
Net return..............

Yield (crates)..........
Total growing cost......
Total harvesting and mar
Total crop cost.........
Crop sales..............
Net return..............

aReported by 6 growers a

Source: Grower records

:pense ...................
.........................

8
8025
1003
571

10
9988
999
587

Average per

Acre

35.42
53.87
100.83
111.87
202.77
6.59
24.86
55.80
22.88
20.01
15.92
2.29
24.91
678.02

411.59
276.83

Acre Crate

35.17
67.78
95.67
L27.79
137.68
15.30 :
20.83
54.30
25.14
23.36
17.79
2.52
33.72

*

757.05

500.49
317.37

:$1.290

:.852
:.541

.........................: 51.18 : 57.75 .098
.........................: 160.99 : 181.86 : .310
......................... 81.70 : 83.69 :.143

:keting cost..............: 982.29 : 1141.16 : 1.944 !

.........................: 1660.31 : 1898.21 : 3.234
......................... : 1739.33 : 2912.81 : 4.962
......................... :$ 79.02 :$1014.60 :$1.723 ,

1971-72 Range per Acre
From To
.............. ................... : 357 : 758
........ ............................ :$ 627.40 :$ 984.46 il
*keting cost.......................... 687.71 : 1519.89
.............. .....................: 1356.20 : 2278.78
....................................: 1766.07 : 3950.80
....................................:$ 246.45 :$1672.02 :

averaging $25.50 per acre.

and estimates.

I .................:
.. .. ............. :
..................:

Sweet Corn
Costs and Returns per acre in the Everglades Area
5-Season Average 1967-71 and 1971-72

em : 5-Season : 1971-72
It: Averae :
: Average

Number of growers................................ :
Number of acres .................................. :
Average acres per grower.......................... :
Average yield per acre (crates)................... :

Growing costs:

Land rent ......................................
Seed ...........................................
Fertilizer.....................................
Spray and dust..................................:
Cultural labor .................................:
Machine hire ...................................:
Gas, oil and grease.............................:
Repair and maintenance......................... :
Depreciation...................................
Licenses and insurance.........................:
Interest on production capital (6% 4 mos.)...:
Interest on capital invested (other than land).:
Miscellaneous expense.......................... :

Total growing cost................................. :
Harvesting and marketing costs:

Picking and packing expense..........
Containers...........................
Hauling..............................
Other................................
Selling..............................

Total harvesting and marketing cost....
Total crop cost........................
Crop sales.............................

Net return .......................................

16
23,000
1,438
153

19
27,484
1,447
172

Average per

Acre

$ 30.63
5.81
26.29
56.38
31.85
5.73
6.72
12.45
9.20
5.68
3.74
.92
5.58

200.98

Acre Crate

30.07
6.76
26.17
59.78
34.49
20.81a
6.52
14.63
12.62
5.72
4.21
1.26
5.72

228.76

68.41 : 86.04
61.36 : 78.70
13.35 16.29
39.97 47.93
22.71 : 25.02

:205.80 : 253.98
:406.78 :482.74
:.396.08 :450.28
:$-10.70 :$ -32.46

2

1971-72 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (crates) ............................................... : 123 : 239
Total growing cost ..........................................:$ 147.85 :$405.12
Total harvesting and marketing cost.........................: 185.09 : 360.48
Total crop cost............................................. : 368.15 : 765.60
Crop sales ....................................................... 268.05 : 698.38
Net return .................................................. :$-260.11 :$ 66.94

aReported by 15 growers averaging $26.36 per acre.

Source: Grower records and estimates.

:$ 1.330

.500
.458
.095
.279
: .145

:1.477
:2.807
:2.618
:$-0.189

.. .. ... .. .
....,.....
... ... ....
. ... .. ....
. .. . .

Sweet Corn
Costs and Returns per acre in the Zellwood Area
5-Season Average 1967-71 and 1971-72

~Item : 5-Season : 1971-72
Item Average 1971-72
: Average

Number of growers................................:
Number of acres..................................:
Average acres per grower.........................:
Average yield per acre (crates)..................:
Growing costs:

Land rent..............................
Seed ..................................
Fertilizer.............................
Spray and dust...... .................
Cultural labor................... .....
Machine hire...........................
Gas, oil and grease.....................

Repair and maint
Depreciation....
Licenses and ins
Interest on prod
Interest on capi
Miscellaneous ex
Total growing cost
Harvesting and mar
Picking and pack
Containers......
Hauling.........
Other...........
Selling.........
Total harvesting a
Total crop cost...
Crop sales........
Net return........

Yield (crates)....
Total growing cost
Total harvesting a
Total crop cost...
Crop sales........
Net return........

Source: Grower re

5
3625
725
229

5
3376
675
233

Average per
Acre Acre

? 30.92
7.22
31.86
52.00
35.52
8.65
5.16

28.58
10.29
31.87
47.09
38.98
15.28
7.52

Crate

enance.........................: 25.47 : 43.81 :
...............................: 8.90 : 17.59 :
urance..... ...................: 8.54 23.57 :
auction capital (6% 4 mos.)...: 4.23 : 5.03 :
tal invested (other than land).: .89 1.76 :i
pense ..........................: 6.32 4.22 :
..............................: 225.68 275.59 :$ 1.183 A |
keting costs: i
ing expense....................: 110.68 : 130.15 : .559 ;
...............................: 91.93 : 100.27 : .430 l
................................: 14.88 : 16.53 : .071
...............................: 58.52 : 72.27 : .310 i
............................... 38.93 : 33.26 : .143
nd marketing cost..............: 314.94 : 352.48 : 1.513
... ........................... : 540.62 : 628.07 : 2.696
............................... : 546.06 : 609.60 : 2.617
............................... .$ 5.44 :$ -18.47 :$-0.079

1971-72 Range per Acre
From To
.......................................... : 187 290
.......................................... :$ 177.15 :$ 317.96
nd marketing cost......................... : 268.65 : 419.77
........................................ : 519.92 : 737.73
.......................................... : 446.36 : 933.14
.......................................... :$-127.38 :$ 195.41

cords and estimates.

Cucumbers
Costs and Returns per acre in the Trmokalee-Lee Area
5-Season Average 1967-71 and 1971-72

: 5-Season :
Item 5 n 1971-72
: Average :

Number of growers................................ :
Number of acres.................................. :
Average acres per grower..........................
Average yield per acre (bushels).................:
Growing costs:

Land rent...................................... :$
Seed ............................................
Fertilizer.....................................
Spray and dust.................................:
Cultural labor.................................:
Machine hire.................................... :
Gas, oil and grease...........................
Repair and maintenance.........................
Depreciation...................................
Licenses and insurance..........................
Interest on production capital (6% 5 mos.)...:
Interest on capital invested (other than land).:
Miscellaneous expense..........................:
Total growing cost............................... :
Harvesting and marketing cost:
Picking expense................................ :
Grading and packing expense....................
Containers....................................
Hauling........................................
Selling.........................................
Total harvesting and marketing cost..............:
Total crop cost.................................. :
Crop sales....................................... :

13
2073
159
189

Average per
Acre Acre

16.90
11.12
97.65
51.63
103.79
24.02
17.86
28.29
21.96
7.38
9.23
2.20
10.61
402.64

135.21
100.87
110.08
33.77
31.03
410.96
813.60
808.79

:$ 15.81
8.89
109.46
52.92
109.48
24.24
22.01
55.17
34.54
9.76
11.16
3.46
38.79
:495.69

:220.76
:145.70
143.65
61.06
50.53
:621.70
: 1117.39
: 1309.61

Net return.......... ............................ ..... -4.81 :$ 192.22 :$0.757

1971-72 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (bushels) ...... ...... ..... .... ......... .............. : 153 : 403
Total growing cost..........................................:$ 333.52 :$ 916.97
Total harvesting and marketing cost.........................: 283.05 : 986.90
Total crop cost .......... .............. .......... ..... .... : 616.57 : 1712.66
Crop sales...................... ....... ....................... : 365.26 : 2845.76
Net return .................................................. :$-393.96 :S1133.10

source: Grower records and estimates.

8
805
101
254

Bushel

:$1.951

.869
.574
.566
.240
.199
: 2.448
: 4.399
: 5.156

Eggplant
Costs and Returns per acre in the Palm Beach-Broward Area
5-Season Average 1967-71 and 1971-72

: 5-Season :
Item : Sea 1971-72
: Average

Number of growers................................ :
Number of acres..................................:
Average acres per grower.........................:
Average yield per acre (bushels).................:
Growing costs:

Land rent......................................:$
Seed...........................................
Fertilizer.....................................
Spray and dust.................................
Cultural labor.................................:
Machine hire...................................:
Gas, oil and grease ............................:
Repair and maintenance........................:
Depreciation...................................
Licenses and insurance.........................
Interest on production capital (6% 5 mos.)...:
Interest on capital invested (other than land).:
Miscellaneous expense.......................... :
Total growing cost............................... :
Harvesting and marketing cost:
Picking and packing expense....................:
Containers................................. .... :
Hauling ........................................ :
Selling ....................................... :
Total harvesting and marketing....................:
Votal crop cost..................................: 1
rop sales....................................... :

7
262
37
596

Acre
53 .
8.4
199.5
90.(
203.1
29.6
34.5
64.2
46.5
33.5
18.4
4.6
20.C

806.9

267.1
331.9
62.4
75.8
737.4
544.4
.638.8

get return.......................................:$ 94.4

5
360
72
837

Average per
S Acre
45 :$ A9.89
56 : 23.71
2 :213.11
61 : 133.41
8 : 272.61
68 : 37.50
9 : 38.49
7 : 58.25
3 : 56.56
0 : 31.22
3 : 21.89
56 5.66
)8 17.42
6 : 959.72

6 :424.27
6 : 489.45
6 : 94.54
9 : 129.21
-7 : 1137.47
-3 : 2097.19
5 : 2469.83
.2 :$ 372.64

1971-72 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (bushels).............................................: 683 :1260
otal growing cost..........................................:$ 717.52 :$1311.79
otal harvesting and marketing cost..........................: 922.05 1509.72
otal crop cost.............................................: 1729.49 : 2821.51
rop sales...................................................: 1386.49 : 4145.68
et return....................................... .......... $-343.00 :$1324.17

source: Grower records and estimates.

Bushel

:$ 1.147

.507
.585
.113
.154
: 1.359
: 2.506
: 2.951
:$0.415

Leaf Crops
Costs and Returns per acre in the Central Florida Area
5-Season Average 1967-71 and 1971-72

Item : 5-Season : 71-7
Item 71-7Average
: Average :

Number of growers ................................ :
Number of acres .................................. :
Average acres per grower......................... :
Average yield per acre (crates)..................:
Growing costs:

Land rent.................................... ..:$
Seed........................................... :
Fertilizer.......................... .... ....... :
Spray and dust................................. :
Cultural labor ................................. :
Machine hire ................................... :
Gas, oil and grease............................. :
Repair and maintenance .........................:
Depreciation................................... :
Licenses and insurance..........................:
Interest on production capital (6% 4 mos.)...:
Interest on capital invested (other than land).:
Miscellaneous expense........................... :
Total growing cost............................... :
Harvesting and marketing costs:

Picking and packing expense.................... :
Containers..................................... :
Hauling........................................ :
Other..........................................:
Selling........................................ :
Total harvesting and marketing cost...............:
Total crop cost.................................. :
Crop sales....................................... :
Net return .......................................:$

11
1490
135
355

Acr

22.1
12.0
38.6
20.1
118.1
2.8
7.8
32.5
18.3
10.9
5.5
1.8
10.5
301.(

10
1102
110
400

Average per
e Acre

L2 :$ 22.40
2 9.65
65 51.05
13 : 28.90
18 :187.81
34 3.61
36 9.10
4 : 51.72
5 : 38.80
9 : 33.24
2 : 8.15
3 3.88
7 : 10.07
0 :458.38

93.35
150.07
16.01
66.81
44.52
370.76

672.36
739.29
66.93 :$

105.30
155.68
26.71
99.60
45.81
433.10
891.48
922.63
31..15

l9j7-_J aYn1 Car Acre
From To
Yield (crates)..............................................: 220 618
Fotal growing cost.......................................... :$ 309.40 :$ 652.70
fotal harvesting and marketing cost...........................: 282.57 537.45
rotal crop cost................................... ........... : 701.73 : 1190.15
,rop sales .................................................. : 284.35 1499.02
,et return ................................................. :$-552.21 :$ AA2.97

)ourtce

ii:i
li~
Grower records and estimates. l;i '

i i ;
SI ,
.~~~~~ii _______ *____i I-

Crate

:$1.146

.263
.389
.067
.249
.115
1.083

: 2.229
2.307
:S0. 078

I.

SII

Ii,

II

Costs and Returns per -cr-- in thpe Everglade- Area
5-Season Average 1967-71 and 1971-72

Item : 5-Season : 171
: Average :

Sber of growers ...............................:
.ber of acres .............................. .. :
:rage acres per grower .........................:
rage yield per acre (crates) .................:

'ing costs:

.and rent ............. ......... .. ............ :$
eed a...,... ....... .. ................ ....... .
ertilir .....................................
pray and dust............................. ....
ultural labor .................................
machine hire....................................
as, oil and grease..... .......................
pair and maintenance.........................
epreciatio ..... ............... ...............
lenses and insurance ..........................:
interest on production capital (6% 4 mos.)...:
interest on capital invested (other than land),:
iscelianeous expense..........................:

al growing cost........... .................... 2

vesting and marketing costs:

picking and packing expense..,................: 1
ontainers....................................: 1
auling........................................
ther..........................................:
elling....... ..... ............... ...

,a harvesting and marketing coat.............,:

al crop cost ......................... ....... 7
p sales............................... .......:

return................................ ....... :$l 4.46

8
3730
466
L07

Acre

33.23
4.81
2. 69
20.47
74.90
4.45
8.40
16.24
11,23
7.02
4.02
1.12
6.89

117.47

.22.51
.83.17
34.59
90.44
58.20

O88.91

06.38
'20. 8&

1.2
067
--'C~

average per
Acre

:$ 35.X10
: 5.90
: 29. I
37.08
113.73
10.3&s
12.35
29.97
: 22.7L
13.97
5.9
2.27
: 11.A9

: 330.34

: 143 ?
: 166.70
: 34.34
: 9223
: 53.97

: 82i.0.:"5
7'. :,,
-. '* '-A -

1971-72 Rc r Acre
From
Id (crates) ..... ........... ................... .... ..... 252 : A
3.1 growing cost ................. .. ... ....... ............ $ 3 1., 3 765
J1 harvesting and marketing cos t. .......................: 3 42. 5.
-1 crop cost. .......... ................ ....... 565.51. : ..;3..83
p sales................. ....................... .. A26. 0 1447
r turn ..... ...................... ..................... 653 77 .32

-ortfdc: y y0 groders averaging $12.36 per cr?

:ce: Grower records and estimates.

: .3S?
: .,43
: .091
: .215
: .1A4
: 1..30,

: 2.1--
: 2.125
-: r n.0V

i i
i i
1 !
j

i i

i '
i
I

i

i i

i I

Green Peppers
Costs and Returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee Area
5-Season Average 1967-71 and 1971-72

Item : 5-Season 1971-72
: Average :

fiber of growers................................ :
iber of acres ................................. :
*rage acres per grower.........................:
!rage yield per acre (bushels).................:

wing costs:

,and rent...................................... :$
'eed...........................................
fertilizer .....................................
pray and dust.................................:
cultural labor.................................:
machine hire...................................:
as, oil and grease............................:
repair and maintenance..........................:
preciation...................................
licenses and insurance......................... :
terest on production cpaital (6% 5 mos.)...:
terest on capital invested (other than land).:
scellaneous expense.......................... :

1 growing cost............................... :

testing and marketing costs:

king expense....................... ......... :
*ading and packing expense.................... :
intainers..................................... :
uling........................................ :
Iling........................................ :
1 harvesting and marketing cost...............:

I c
sa
ret

i (
L g
h
c
sa
et

e

11
2175
198
276

8
2265
283
414

Average per

Acre

17.71
29.31
139.67
90.69
202.88
44.19
32.50
58.27
42.82
16.03
16.48
4.27
27.92
722.74

145.78
142.91
140.99
47.73
46.65
524.06

Acre Bushel

:$ 22.69
34.23
:188.82
:133.97
:283.00
60.85
39.53
93.01
37.29
27.51
23.35
3.73
50.42
:998.40

:174.24
:228.04
:197.36
83.48
77.12
760.24

:$2.412

.421
.551
.477
.201
.186
:1.836

:rop cosL......... ................. .. ......... .. 4. U : 1/D6.0. 4 4..4
les....................................... 1178.46 : 1846.90 : 4.461
:urn....................................... :$ -68.34 :$ 88.26 :$0.213

1971-72 Range per Acre
From To
bushels).............................................: 227 : 760
;rowing cost.......................................... :$ 579.15 :$1555.42
harvesting and marketing cost.........................: 431.19 : 1442.50 .
rop cost ............................................. : 1010.34 : 2997.92
les....................................................: 873.78 : 3589.03
urn................................................ :$-202.39 :$ 591.11

jGrower records and estimates.
: Grower records and estimates.

I I

I:i
* : *I

Ii

i i

* : I

''.^

14

Green Peppers
Costs and Returns per acre in the Palm Beach-Broward Area
5-Season Average 1967-71 and 1971-72

Item :5-Season : 1971-72
: Average :

ber of growers.......................
ber of acres........................
rage acres per grower................
rage yield per acre (bushels).......
wing costs:

and rent............
eed.................
ertilizer..........
pray and dust.......
cultural labor.......

machine hire................................... :
as, oil and grease ........................... :
repair and maintenance ......................... :
epreciation................................... :
licenses and insurance........................ :
interest on production capital (6% 5 mos.)...:
interest on capital invested (other than land).;
miscellaneous expense.......................... :
:al growing cost............................... :
-vesting and marketing costs:

picking and packing expense....................
ontainers....................................
auling .......................................
elling........................................
al harvesting and marketing cost..............
tal crop cost.................................
3p sales......................................
t return ......................................

9
1112
124
364

Average per
Acre Acre

49.71
30.11
175.52
105.52
290.37
42.15
38.22
62.24
47.72
31.08
21.42
4.76
31.84
930.66

:194.83
:174.98
36.64
49.21

:455.66
: 1386.32
: 1486.07
:$ 99.75

50.38
38.87
148.53
119.97
312.78
57.97
35.33
52.64
37.71
34.56
22.05
3.77
31.02
945.58

:188.90
:129.43
38.40
46.63
:403.36
: 1348.94
: 1275.53
:$ -73.41

1971-72 Range per Acre
From To

Ald (bushels)..............................................: 197 425
:al growing cost..........................................:$ 635.05 :$1099.48
:al harvesting and marketing cost ........................: 290.18 :562.75
:al crop cost.............................................: 974.50 : 1558.70
)p sales..................................................: 692.53 : 2018.75
Sreturn.................................................. :$-673.60 :$ 460.05

irce: Grower records and estimates.

8
1438
180
294

Bushel

:$ 3.216

.642
.440
.131
.159

: 1.372

: 4.588
: 4.338
:$-0.250

.......................... :$
..........................:
..........................:
..........................:
...........................:

RO'fsts .;1.- Ro ': yr. .>*>;. ;;Y r4 ;*,- e i:-?--_+-- A'- I -

r i-i _. .o- ----
S--- _.e i-72

!r-er gro ers........................
r c es.. .. ..... .... .......... ...... : 5905 : 5
-iae .-ces per rer ........656
er-. >e :-i.o! p r -. (........ .. ,
.-. .--.- t ....... ............
17C't

Lanod rge t.......... ... ..
Seed ........ ..-. ...... ... .. ..
..rti er........... . ... .. ..... .......
Spray and dust .. ..... ...................... .....
Sprav and dust .
7ul ral "-bor ..... .. ---- .......... .. ..
I'achine hire ............,. .. ........
as., oil and grease.....................
'epair nd maintenance ce.......... ..... ... .. :
'cnr~ti on
pr ti -on. . . .... . . .
.ic nses and insurance...................
interest on production capital (6% A os.)...:
ter:-t nn capit-al invested (other than land).:
iiscel nesous expense ....... .......... .....

Acre

S 46.5,9
117.94g
52.80
5,. 82
5L.84
5a. 84

19.16
16.71
14.99
7-55
1.67
6.43

.sl T cost. .. .................... ..... : 03 32
.. .. .o.

'ves tin ad marketing costs:

iggi :---nse .... . .... .. ... ....:
radil. and packing expense ...................:
ontai, rs-
uly ..' ".'. .----.- ---..-.. -. ...:
...-----............. ....--..
............................. ... ..

25.39
97.61
28.90
23.08
3A. 02

al harv.-e-sting and marketing cot .... ..... 20.00

..................... ............ 62.2

--con.. 8c1.
. . .. . . .

Acre

:S J5.a7

S 7.67
: ., 7

: 1.52"

25.59
: 21.38
18.67

: 2.14
: 10. &A

L: /90.56

S2A59
: 92.76
24. 03
22.68
: 29.07

; 9-?3 1
1) 7g8 _
3 j^ ,T'

:$ 3.5o?

179

: .175
: .166
: ;1_ 2

- 1..09

3592
* _I ?9

14 (cw. ... .rom.
cw .. .... .-.
a' crow cost. ... ................... .. -

a r c c s t . .
......os................................................. .-.
1i2et' ;. -,. -.--T *- *

r. hv 4 growers aver RinG- $3. 05 : acre.

:cc: Gro-er records and estij-.: ..:

i
i'
i:
i I '
ijl
I~

i
i
j

I!

j:

jl;

i : I

''i/j
/il
'
I !
ii

iij;l
i/
!i/
ji(
ii
Ij/
'
I!

1(
;'r
''

iii
I i)Ij(I'i
i '
i
Ii iii!
i iIIIii;I

Irish Potatoes
Costs and Returns per acre in the Hastings Area
5-Season Average 1967-71 and 1971-72

: 5-Season :
Item 5-Season 1971-72
: Average :

Number of growers.................
Number of acres..................
Average acres per grower.........
Average yield per acre (cwt.)....
Growing costs:

Land rent...................................... :
Seed........................................... :
Fertilizer..................................... :
Spray and dust................................. :
Cultural labor ................................. :
Machine hire................................... :
Gas, oil and grease............................ :
Repair and maintenance......................... :
Depreciation.................................. :
Licenses and insurance........................ :
Interest on production capital (6% 4 mos.)...:
Interest on capital invested (other than land).:
Miscellaneous expense.......................... :
Total growing cost............................... :
Harvesting and marketing costs:

$

25
5537
221
139

Acre
33.14
80.39
68.74
15.9C
37.99
2.64
11.34
20.57
22.92
9.17
5.73
2.29
6.3C
317.12

Digging expense..................................: 23.22
Grading and packing expense....................: 42.82
Containers.....................................: 23.90
Hauling........................................: 21.38
Selling ........................................: 30.26
Total harvesting and marketing cost..............: 141.58
Total crop cost..................................: 458.70
Crop sales....................................... : 449.28
Net return.......................................:$ -9.42

26
5689
219
125

Average per
Acre

:$ 34.55
: 80.34
: 70.18
: 37.05
S 43.48
S 3.92a
S 12.07
26.02
: 18.98
S 12.17
S 6.54
S 1.90
S 7.02
S 354.22

25.58b
32.60
11.72c
19.22
29.68
:118.80
:473.02
:412.77
:$ -60.25

1971-72 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (cwt.)................................................ : 50 204
Total growing cost..............................,........... :$ 243.30 :$477.12
Total harvesting and marketing cost.........................: 48.25 : 217.11
Total crop cost............................................. : 362.19 : 642.74
Crop sales..................................................: 170.00 : 709.90
Net return.................................................. :$-260.75 :$140.72

Reported by 19 growers averaging $5.36 per acre.
bReported by 24 growers averaging $35.31 per acre.
reported by 15 growers averaging $20.31 per acre.
Reported by 15 growers averaging $20.31 per acre.

Source: Grower records and estimates.

Cwt.

:$ 2.834

.204
.261
.094
.154
.237
.950
3.784
3.302
:$-0.482

Irish Potatoes
Costs and Returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee Area
5-Season Average 1967-71 and 1971-72

: 5-Season :
Item 5-Seson 1971-72
: Average

Number of growers.................................. :
Number of acres .................................. :
Average acres per grower......................... :
Average yield per acre (cwt.).................... :

Growing costs:

Land rent......................................:$
Seed ...........................................
Fertilizer......................................
Spray and dust .................................:
Cultural labor .................................:
Machine hire ...................................:
Gas, oil and grease............................ :
Repair and maintenance.........................:
Depreciation....................................
Licenses and insurance..........................:
Interest on production capital (6% 4 mos.)...:
Interest on capital invested (other than land).:
Miscellaneous expense.......................... :

Total growing cost............................... :

Harvesting and marketing costs:

Digging expense................................. :
Grading and packing expense.................... :
Containers..................................... :
Hauling. ...................................... :
Selling ........................................ :

Total harvesting and marketing cost...............:

Total crop cost .................................. :
Crop sales ....................................... :
Net return .......................................:$

6
1487
248
147

Acre

24.3
112.C
87.
38.2
60.5
6.5
11.2
25.7
29.2
9.8
7.8
2.9
14.6
430.8

31.32
78.80
26.74
26.25
30.29

193.40
624.25
622.92
-1.33

3
900
300
142

Average per
Acre Cwt.
35 :$ 27.64
)0 119.34
7 : 97.53
1 : 60.15
i9 66.09
i5 21.90
3 : 12.22
7 : 13.85
8 : 33.71
4 8.74
2 8.67
'3 3.37
1 : 6.03

:479.24

26.42
58.50
S17.50
22.75
S29.50

154.67

S633.91
569.67
:$ -64.24

:$ 3.375

.186
.412
.123
.160
.208

1.089

:4.464
:4.012
:$-0.452

1971-72 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (cwt.) ................................................: 100 175
Total growing cost......................................... :$ 439.97 :$556.70
Total harvesting and marketing cost.........................: 119.00 : 210.00
Total crop cost............................................. : 558.97 : 691.70
Crop sales............................... .....................: 444.00 : 700.00
Net return .................................................. :$-126.70 :$ 48.94

Source: Grower records and estimates.

5

Radishes
Costs and Returns per acre in the Everglades Area
Season 1971-72

Item 1971-72

Number of growers ............................... :
Number of acres .................................. :
Average acres per grower........................
Average yield per acre (30 6 oz. packages).....:
Growing costs:

Land rent.......................................
Seed ................ ............................
Fertilizer .....................................
Spray and dust.................................
Cultural labor.................................:
Machine hire...................................:
Gas, oil and grease ............................:
Repair and maintenance.........................:
Depreciation.....................................
Licenses and insurance..........................
Interest on production capital (6% 2 mos.)...:
Interest on capital invested (other than land).:
Miscellaneous expense.......................... :
Total growing cost............................... :
Harvesting and marketing costs:

Digging expense................................
Grading and packing expense....................
Containers .....................................
Hauling.......................................
Other..........................................
Selling........................................
Total harvesting and marketing cost..............
Total crop cost..................................
Crop sales.......................................
Net return........................................

4
8771
2193
246

Acre
7.66
7.13
6.91
11.85
11.81
5.08
3.68
10.48
9.29
7.20
.74
.93
2.59
85.35

:32.42
:92.67
:46.18
: 10.90
:13.13
:24.34
: 219.64
: 304.99
: 319.54
:$ 14.55

Average per
30 6 oz. pkgs.

:$0.347

.132
.377
.188
.044
.053
.099
.893
: 1.240
: 1.299
:$0.059

1971-72 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (30 6 oz. packages)......................: 183 : 336
Total growing cost............................... :$ 59.02 :$142.10
Total harvesting and marketing cost..............: 158.10 : 282.26
Total crop cost.................................. : 220.24 : 424.36
Crop sales....................................... : 247.78 : 456.80
Net return....................................... $ -5.53 :$ 32.A4

Source: Grower records and estimates.

Squash
Costs and Returns per acrA in the Dade County Area
5-Season Average 1967-71 and 1971-72

Item : 5-Season : 1971-72
: Average

Number of growers.................................:
Number of acres ..................................:
Average acres per grower ......................... :
Average yield per acre (bushels).................:
Growing costs:

Land rent......................................:$
Seed.......................................... .:
Fertilizer .....................................
Spray and dust................................. :
Cultural labor..................................
Machine hire................................... :
Gas, oil and grease............................. :
Repair and maintenance......................... :
Depreciation..................................... :
Licenses and insurance.............. .......
Interest on production capital (6% 4 mos.)...:
Interest on capital invested (other than land).:
Miscellaneous expense...........................:
Total growing cost...............................:
Harvesting and marketing costs:

7
1180
169
137

Acre
26.84
8.21
55.99
39.60
35.47
8.17
16.44
23.40
17.25
12.05
4.67
1.73
7.06
256.88

Picking and packing expense....................: 136.54
Containers.....................................: 71.70
Hauling..................................... : 14.52
Selling........................................: 24.73
Total harvesting and marketing cost..............: 247.49
Total crop cost ..................................: 504.37
Crop sales.................................... .. : 605.06
Net return .......................................:$100.69

7
1190
170
135

Average per
Acre
:$ 30.61
: 6.51
S58.29
S49.42
42.70
10.55a
:17.77
: 25.32
:20.57
16.12
5.26
2.06
: 5.97
S291.15

: 157.58
:62.64
:18.01
:22.49
: 260.72
: 551.87
: 712.21
:$160.34

1971-72 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (bushels).............. ............................... 100 1: 75
Total growing cost..........................................:$249.24 :$363.51
Total harvesting and marketing cost..........................: 185.00 : 339.50
Total crop cost...............................................: 449.96 : 674.99
Crop sales.................................................. : 550.00 : 885.50
Net return.................................... ............. :$ 88.19 :$239.80

aReported by 4 growers averaging $18.47 per acre.

Source: Grower records and estimates.

Bushel

:$2.157

:1.167
.464
.133
.167
:1.931
:4.088
:5.276
:$1.188

Squash
Costs and Returns per acre in the Immrokalee-Lee Area
5-Season Average 1967-71 and 1971-72

Item : 5-Season : 1971-72
Item 1971-72
: Average :

Number of growers ................................:
Number of acres.................................. :
Average acres per grower......................... :
Average yield per acre (bushels)................. :
Growing costs:

Land rent......................................:$
Seed........................................... :
Fertilizer .................................... :
Spray and dust................................. :
Cultural labor................................. :
Machine hire................................... :
Gas, oil and grease... ........................ :
Repair and maintenance......................... :
Depreciation.............................. ..... :
Licenses and insurance......................... :
Interest on production capital (6% 4 mos.)...:
Interest on capital invested (other than land).:
Miscellaneous expense.......................... :
Total growing cost............................... :
Harvesting and marketing costs:
Picking expense................................ :
Grading and packing expense....................:
Containers.....................................
Hauling........................................
Selling........................................
Total harvesting and marketing cost..............:
Total crop cost..................................:
Crop sales................................ ........
Net return.......................................:$

5
923
185
159
Average per

Acre

16.48
8.24
68.53
30.64
55.40
9.74
12.62
23.08
22.20
7.74
4.86
2.22
10.41
272.16

65.16
74.60
76.25
26.30
24.07
266.38
538.54
580.89

42.35

3
910
303
167

Acre Bushel

:$ 17.06
10.00
85.67
41.69
44.98
12.03
17.93
21.78
20.08
12.32
5.38
2.01
4.99
295.92

56.90
76.17
81.99
32.15
23.80
271.01
: 566.93
:672.53
:$ 105.60

1971-72 Range Der Acre
From To
Yield (bushels).............................................: 126 : 200
Total growing cost.......................................... :$245.66 :$341.59
Total harvesting and marketing cost..........................: 202.05 342,00
Total crop cost.............................................: 447.71 683.59
Crop sales.................................................. : 472 50 : 730.00
Net return...................................................:$ 24.79 :$195.59

Source: Grower records and estimates.

:$1.772

.341
.456
.491
.193
.142
: 1.623
: 3.395
: 4.027
:$0.632

Sauash
Costs and Returns per acre in the Palm Beach-Broward Area
5-Season Average 1967-71 and 1971-72

Item : 5-Season : 1971-72
tem 1971-72verage
: Average :

Number of growers.......................
Number of acres.........................
Average acres per grower................
Average yield per acre (bushels).........
Growing costs:

Land rent.......................................:$.
Seed .... .... ...................................
Fertilizer......................................
Spray and dust................................. :
Cultural labor .................................:
Machine hire..... ..... ...........................
Gas, oil and grease..... ..................... .. :
Repair and maintenance.........................:
Depreciation ...................................
Licenses and insurance................. ......:
Interest on production capital (6% 4 mos.)...:
Interest on capital invested (other than land).:
Miscellaneous expense........................... :
Total growing cost............................... :
Harvesting and marketing costs:

Picking and packing expense.....................:
Containers .....................................
Hauling.................................. ......:
Selling........................................ :
Total harvesting and marketing cost...............:
Total crop cost...................... .. .. .-........
Crop sales............... ........ .................
Net return ....................................... :

6 :
208
35
122
Average per

Acre
38.17
7.83
53.08
39.74
56.15
15.35
14.02
21.33
16.27
11.42
5.33
1.63
9.60
289.92

122.57
84.67
17.41
22.92
247.57
537.49
646.52
109.03

Acre Bushel

:$ 34.80
7.95
51.50
43.25
64.10
19.53
18.36
19.58
14.16
13.50
5.78
1.42
16.48
310.41

132.68
93.99
17.55
20.86
265.08
575.49
615.59
40.10

1971-72 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (bushels). ............................................ : 116 : 153
Total growing cost..........................................:$ 241.63 :$404.15
Total harvesting and marketing cost......................... : 240.70 : 310215
Total crop cost.................................. ...........: 482.33 : 656.39
Crop sales............ ....................................... : 378.95 : 810.47
Net return.................................. ....... .......... :$-206.26 :$232.4

Source: Grower records and estimates.

:$2.444

:1.045
.740
.138
.164
: 2.087
:4.531
: 4.847
:$0.316

.....

Tomatoes
Costs and Returns per acre in the Dade County Area
5-Season Average 1967-71 and 1971-72

: 5-Season :
Item eas : 1971-72
: Average :

Number of growers................................:
Number of acres.................................. :
Average acres per grower..........................
Average yield per acre (40 lb.)..................:
Growing costs:

Land rent......................................:$ 3

Seed........................................... :
Fertilizer .................................... :
Spray and dust................................. :
Cultural labor................................. :
Machine hire................................... :
Gas, oil and grease........................... :
Repair and maintenance......................... :
Depreciation............... ............... .... :
Licenses and insurance.........................:
Interest on production capital (6% 5 mos.)...:
Interest on capital invested (other than land).:
Miscellaneous expense.......................... :
Total growing cost............................... :
Harvesting and marketing costs:
Picking expense................................. :
Grading and packing expense.................... :
Containers................................ .....
Hauling....................................... :
Other.......................................... :
Selling........................................ :
Total harvesting and marketing cost...............:
Total crop cost.................................. :

7 :
8622
1232
247

Average per

13

11

5;

Acre
38.31
6.92
$7.75
)5.00
L1.27
L9.33
20.69
35.18
24.39
L3.43
L2.18
2.44
9.43
26.32

149.39
161.66
94.73
29.95

33.72
469.45
995.77

Crop sales....................................... :1090.77
Net return...................................... :$ 95.00

Acre
:$ 35.62
13.30
:150.39
:144.92
:125.32
26.67
20.05
39.73
40.30
16.86
14.55
4.03
9.22
:640.96

:160.81
:171.54
:106.25
31.26
13.36
44.29
:527.51
: 1168.47
: 1207.04
:$ 38.57

1971-72 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (40 lb.)..............................................: 146 400
Total growing cost..........................................:$ 546.84 :$ 838.69
Total harvesting and marketing cost..........................: 315.65 :801.20
Total crop cost.............................................: 864.54 : 1471.79
Crop sales............................................... .. : 742.20 : 1880.00
Net return................................................. :$-122.34 :$ 408.21

Source: Grower records and estimates.

8
7398
925
252

40 lb.

:$2.544

.638
.681
.421
.124
.053
.176
: 2.093
: 4.637
: 4.790
:$0.153

A

Tomatoes
Costs and Returns per acre in the Ft. Pierce Area
5-Season Average 1967-71 and 1971-72

Item : 5-Season : 1971-72
: Average :

Number of growers ................................ :
Number of acres.................................. :
Average acres per grower......................... :
Average yield per acre (40 lb.)...................:
Growing costs:

Land rent...................................... :$
Seed .......................................... :
Fertilizer.................................... :
Spray and dust................................. :
Cultural labor................................. :
Machine hire................................... :
Gas, oil and grease ........................... :
Repair and maintenance ......................... :
Depreciation.. .............................. ... :
Licenses and insurance.......................... :
Interest on production capital (67 5 mos.)...:
Interest on capital invested (other than land).:
Miscellaneous expense.......................... :
Total growing cost.............................. :
Harvesting and marketing costs:

Picking expense................................ :
Grading and packing expense....................:
Containers.....................................:
Hauling........................................:
Other ........................................ :
Selling........................................
Total harvesting and marketing cost...............:

Total crop cost......................
Crop sales..........................

10
3407
341
239

Acre
12.55
11.07
108.98
75.90
152.96
80.74
25.97
41.70
22.68
10.38
13.33
2.27
13.03
571.56

165.18
129.39
83.84
37.42

30.73
446.56
1018.12

.............: 1063.55

Net return....................................... :$ 45.43

17
4526
266
247

Average per

Acre 40 lb.

:$ 18.08
10.89
: 121.16
: 145.65
: 193.56
99.62

74.47
27.42
8.97
18.05
2.74
12.07
:770.31

:220.70
:141.60
94.81
41.91
12.68
64.94
:576.64
: 1346.95
: 1415.39
:$ 68.44

:$3.118

.894
.573
.384
.170
.051
.263
:2.335
:5.453
:5.730
:$0.277

1971-72 Range per Acre
From To
Yield ( 40 lb.) ............................................. : 28 : 576
Total growing cost......................................... :$ 497.13 :$1255.46
Total harvesting and marketing cost.........................: 81.86 : 1261.65
Total crop cost ............................................. : 788.39 : 1893.94
Crop sales................................................ : 104.44 : 3221.72
Net return.................................................. :$-777.33 :$1327.78

Source: Grower records and estimates.

Tomatoes
Costs and Returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee Area
5-Season Average 1967-71 and.1971-72

: 5-Season :
Item 1 971-72
: Average :

Number of growers..............................
Number of acres.................................
Average acres per grower........................
Average yield per acre (40 lb.) .................

16
3269
204
251

12
1549
129
221

Growing costs: Average per
Acre Acre

Land rent............................ .......... :$ 16.13
Seed...........................................: 10.18
Fertilizer.....................................: 113.09
Spray and dust.................................: 83.52
Cultural labor.................................: 136.18
Machine hire.................................... 44.49
Gas, oil and grease............................: 25.55
Repair and maintenance.........................: 41.21
Depreciation........................ ...........: 29.49
Licenses and insurance......................... : 8.48
Interest on production capital (6% 5 mos.)...: 12.38
Interest on capital invested (other than land).: 2.95
Miscellaneous expense......................... : 16.53
Total growing cost..............................: 540.18
Harvesting and marketing costs:
Picking expense................................: 178.86
Grading and packing expense.....................: 172.61
Containers..................... .................: 95.63
Hauling.........................................: 40.86
Other.......................................... .:
Selling.............................. ...........: 36.32
Total harvesting and marketing cost..............: 524.28
Total crop cost................................. : 1064.46
Crop sales............. ........... .. ......... : 1151.61
Net return...................................... :$ 87.15

:$ 16.88
S 8.58
146.74
117.89
143.77
65.11
S28.77
62.93
27.18
7.56
15.67
S 2.72
28.81
672.61

:213.83
S179.81
S93.81
S55.07
11.73
48.66
S602.91
: 1275.52
: 1294.57
:$ 19.05

1971-72 Ran
From

Yield (40 lb.).............................................. : 8
Total growing cost....................................... :$ 439.73
Total harvesting and marketing cost..........................: 39.23
Total crop cost............................................ : 1013.33
Crop sales.................................................. : 43.13
Net return..................................................:$-970.20

ge per Acre
To
:329
:$ 974.10
:925.92
: 1723.85
: 1984.72
:$ 594.96

Source: Grower records and estimates.

40 lb.

:$3.044

.968
.814
.424
.249
.053
.220
:2.728
:5.772
:5.858
:$0.086

--

Staked Tomatoes
Costs and Returns per acre in the East Coast Area
5-Season Average 1967-71 and 1971-72

: 5-Season :
Item 5-Season : 1971-72
: Average :

Number of growers................................ :
Number of acres .................................. :
Average acres per grower......................... :
Average yield per acre (40 lb.)..................:

12
2082
174
761

9
2014
224
719

Growing costs:

Average per
Acre Acre 40 lb.

Land rent......................................:$
Seed.......... ................................ :
Fertilizer .................................... :
Spray and dust................................. :
Cultural labor................................. :
Machine hire................................... :
Gas, oil and grease............................ :
Repair and maintenance......................... :
Depreciation................................... :
Licenses and insurance......................... :
Interest on production capi al (6% 5 mos.)...:
Interest on capital invested (other than land).:
Miscellaneous expense.......................... :
Total growing cost............................... :
Harvesting and marketing costs:
Picking expense.................................. :
Grading and packing expense....................:
Containers..................................... :
Hauling.........................................
Other.......................................... :
Selling.........................................
Total harvesting and marketing cost..............:
Total crop cost..................................: 4

82.62 :$
20.21
282.18
215.22
1064.16
100.76
48.08
94.06
56.29
48.52
51.70
5.63
112.05
2181.48

644.77
609.61
404.40
106.33
:
155.53
1920.64
4102.12

Crop sales ....................................... : 4792.33
Net return.......................................:$ 690.21

102.81
20.53
230.97
278.34
956.97
156.67
48.63
133.25
77.91
33.24
51.86
7.79
113.15
2212.12

667.04
416.07
270.86
120.85
38.08
184.47
1697.37
3909.49
4221.73
312.24

:$3.077

.928
.579
.377
.168
.053
.256
: 2.361
: 5.438
: 5.872
:$0.434

1971-72 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (40 lb.)..............................................: 385 : 1050
Total growing cost .........................................:$1611.45 :$3261.75
Total harvesting and marketing cost.........................: 826.51 : 2586.12
Total crop cost............................................: 2845.62 : 5298.81
Crop sales ..................................................: 2142.18 : 6165.95
Net return .............................. ........... ...... .. :$-757.07 :$1573.59

Source: Grower records and estimates.

:$

Staked Tomatoes
Costs and Returns per Acre in the Immokalee-Lee Area
5-Season Average 1967-71 and 1971-72

Item : 5-Season : 7-7
Item : 5-Season : 1971-72
: Average :

Number of growers................
Number of acres...................
Average acres per grower..........
Average yield per acre (40 lb.)...
Growing costs:

Land rent......................................:
Seed .......................................... :
Fertilizer.....................................
Spray and dust.................................:
Cultural labor.................................:
Machine hire...................................:
Gas, oil and grease.............................
Repair and maintenance.........................:
Depreciation...................................
Licenses and insurance.........................:
Interest on production capital (67 5 mos.)...:
Interest on capital invested (other than land).:
Miscellaneous expense.......................... :
Total growing cost............................... :

Harvesting and marketing costs:
Picking expense................................ :
Grading and packing expense....................:
Containers .................................... :
Hauling................................... ..... :
Other ......................................... :
Selling........................................ :
Total harvesting and marketing cost..............:

Total crop cost .......................
Crop sales............................
Net return .............................

:

5
1362
272
507

10
2466
247
623

Average per
Acre Acre

$ 33.57
18.56
195.85
170.28
569.35
96.56
50.51
100.14
82.00
35.77
34.96
8.20
127.67

1523.42

475.40
503.87
271.83
78.86

110.97
1440.93
2964.35
3079.79
$ 115.44

:$ 27.55
48.24
:208.85
:298.76
:513.26
84.98
51.07
94.16
87.02
49.24
37.70
8.70
:139.67

: 1649.20

:697.78
:573.16
:282.79
:103.69
33.02
94.33
: 1784.77
: 3433.97
: 4012.82
:$ 578.85

1971-72 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (40 lb.)..............................................: 374 : 1032
Total growing cost..........................................:$ 994.64 :$2585.46
Total harvesting and marketing cost..........................: 942.55 : 3233.10
Total crop cost.............................................: 1937.19 : 5506.29
Crop sales.................................................. : 1864.97 : 7502.74
Net return................................. ................. :$-647.86 :$1996.45

Source: Grower records and estimates.

40 lb.

:$2.647

:1.120
.920
.454
.167
.053
.151
:2.865
:5.512
; 6.441
:$0.929

...........
...........
...........
...........

..........
..........
..e........

Staked Tomatoes
Costs and Returns per acre in the Manatee-Ruskin Area
5-Season Average 1967-71 and 1971-72

Item : 5-Season : 1971-72
: Average

Number of growers................................:
Number of acres..................................:
Average acres per grower.........................
Average yield per acre ( 40 lb.)................ :
Growing costs:

Land rent...................................... :
Seed...........................................
Fertilizer.....................................:
Spray and dust.................................:
Cultural labor.................................:
Machine hire...................................:
Gas, oil and grease............................:
Repair and maintenance.........................:
Depreciation..................................
Licenses and insurance.........................:
Interest on production capital (67o 5 mos.)...:
Interest on capital invested (other than land).:
Miscellaneous expense.......................... :
Total growing cost............................... :
Harvesting and marketing costs:
Picking expense.............................. .. :
Grading and packing expense.................... :
Containers.....................................
Hauling.. ................................. ......
Other..........................................
Selling........................................
Total harvesting and marketing cost..............:
Total crop cost..................................:

12
2076
173
449

11
2227
202
423

Average per
Acre Acre
33.69 :$ 31.03
16.36 : 24.06
155.00 : 169.90
86.11 : 148.37
292.28 : 347.41
19.83 : 19.92
39.19 :47.96
45.71 67.80
55.61 :43.21
32.19 55.35
19.17 : 24.45
5.56 : 4.32
46.49 66.19
847.19 : 1049.97

216.81
369.31
169.69
41.87

52.70
850.38
1697.57

Crop sales...................................... : 1989.32
Net return....................................... :$ 291.75

:297.29
:480.08
:193.78
60.95
22.41
96.12
: 1150.63
: 2200.60
: 2848.70
:$ 648.10

1971-72 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (40 lb.)..............................................: 117 : 835
Total growing cost.........................................:$ 630.01 :$1734.25
Total harvesting and marketing cost......................... : 378.73 : 2156.81
Total crop cost....................................... ....... : 1008.74 : 3854.90
Crop sales..................................................: 1123.64 : 5068.56
Net return..................................................:$ 114.90 :$1700.89

Source: Grower records and estimates.

40 lb.

:$2.482

.703
1.135
.458
.144
.053
.227
: 2.720
: 5.202
: 6.734
:$1.532

IPrr*~'~~r.-9_l~s~~L~-~*'" t~i-numcPl~~uar.~Frrr.+-a;"~`-ll^~-r -L~-~asrraL;;L--uu~n~urr;

28
Watermelons
Costs and Returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee Area
5-Season Average 1967-71 and 1971-72

: 5-Season :
Item : Average : 1971-72
: Averae :

Number of growers ......................
Number of acres.......................
Average acres per grower...............
Average yield per acre (cwt.)..........

Growing costs:

Land rent...................................... $
Seed ..........................................:
Fertilizer.....................................:
Spray and dust.................................
Cultural labor.................................
Machine hire...................................:
Gas, oil and grease............................:
Repair and maintenance.........................:
Depreciation.................................
Licenses and insurance.........................:
Interest on production capital (67 5 mos.)...:
Interest on capital invested (other than land).:
Miscellaneous expense.......................... :

Total growing cost............................... :

Harvesting and marketing costs:

Cutting expense .....................
Grading and packing expense..........
Containers........................ .....
Hauling...............................
Selling..............................
Total harvesting and marketing cost....

Total crop cost........................
Crop sales.............................
Net return.............................

11
1937
176
196

7
806
115
85

Average per
Acre Acre

16.14
7.05
103.48
66.45
101.67
26.54
15.82
29.22
25.82
7.92
9.67
2.58
12.42

424.78

38.51
32.60
9.51
66.39
49.38
196.39

621.17
565.65
-55.52

:$ 15.90
5.66
S101.97
S76.60
89.41
24.33
14.29
S28.49
S24.93
9.39
9.46
2.49
12.58
415.50

27.13
23.08
13.15
33.88
21.64
118.88

:534.38
S295.62
:$-238.76

1971-72 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (cwt.)................................................. 24 : 160
Total growing cost..........................................:$ 288.46 :$545.32
Total harvesting and marketing cost.........................: 44.10 : 232.14
Total crop cost............................................: 379.66 : 777.46
Crop sales.................................................. : 72.82 : 460.00
Net return.................................................. $-383.28 :$-98.72

Source: Grower records and estimates.

Agr. Econ. Exp. Sta. -- 1500

DLB/pws 2/21/73

Cwt.

:$ 4.888

.319
.271
.155
.399
.255
:1.399

: 6.287
:3.478
:$-2.809

. I........
. .. .. ... .
... ... .. .
. ... ... .

. .........
. ... ......
. .. .......
... .... ...
. .........

This public document was promulgated at an annual cost of $2056.00
or $1.37 per copy to furnish the vegetable industry and allied sup-
pliers with current information on costs and returns for vegetable
crops in Florida,

	Front Cover
	Foreword
	Acknowledgements
	Table of Contents
	Map
	Definitions
	Main
	Back Cover

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