Costs and returns from vegetable crops in Florida, with comparisons

.e.-iruary
!J. *4

1972

Costs

Ag. Econ. Report 31

And Returns

From

Vegetable

Crops

In Florida

Season

1970-1971

With Comparisons

Department of Agricultural Economics
Florida Agricultural Experiment Stations
institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences '-
University of FloridaGainesville
.4 -.

Donald L. Brooke

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Map of Florida Vegetable Producing Areas ii

Foreword and Acknowledgements iii
Definitions iv

Costs and Returns Data

Beans, Snap .....................................o ..........

Beans, Pole.. ................................................ 2
Cabbage....................................................... 3 4
Celery .......... ...... ...................... ............... 5 6
Corn, Sweet................................................ 7 9

Cucumbers.................................................... 10

Eggplant....................... ...... ................... 11
Leaf Crops.................................................. 12 13
Peppers, Green .......... ................................. 14 15

Potatoes, Irish.............................................. 16 18

Radishes............ .................. ........ ............ 19
Squash.......0............................................... 20 22

Tomatoes..................................................... 23 28

Watermelons........... ....................................... 29

~rs~-rulirr~-l~ilF1-A~mr~~C1N-^" -^~Y--- -~~l~-~l~a~--IIIII~l~CIIIFrs~P Ir

r 16
i I /
-.-\ -;-, .

VEGETABLE PRODUCING AREAS

With Principal Vegetables Produced 13 \1
I 17

1. Dade tomatoes, snap-and pole beans, Irish 1 -- 91
potatoes, squash, cucumbers, strawberries ^
2 Palm Beach-Broward snap beans, peppers, 10.. ,
eggplant, cucumbers, squash, tomatoes --
r ----7-16

VEGETABLE PRODUCING AREAS t \ _!

1. Dade tomatoes, snap and pole beans, Irish I 1i'.--l',-
potatoes, squash, cucumbers, strawberries '--"-- -<
2 Palm Beach-Broward snap beans, peppers, -' I0(
eggplant, cucumbers, squash, tomatoes I C. ..
3 Immokalee-Lee tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers,
squash, Irish potatoes, waterrelons '
4 Everglades snap beans, sweet corn, cabbage, 9
escarole, celery, Irish potatoes, radishes
5 Fort Pierce tomatoes, watermelons 8 ,
6 Wauchula cucumbers, tomatoes, watermelons ~ .
7 Sarasota celery, radishes, lettuce, cabbage 7-
8 Manatee-Ruskin tomatoes, cabbage, cauliflower,
watermelons
9 Plant City strawberries, peppers, squash, -- .
pole beans, southern peas, okra
10 Sumter cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, lettuce,
watermelons
11 Zellwood sweet corn, celery, escarole, 2
lettuce, snap beans, radishes ------
12 Sanford-Oviedo cabbage, celery, snap beans,
lettuce, escarole, sweet corn, peppers
13 Oxford-Belleview-Lowell tomatoes, watermelons
14 McIntosh-Island Grove squash, snap beans, celery,
cabbage, lettuce, watermelons
15 Alachua snap beans, cucumbers, peppers,
Irish potatoes, watermelons
16 Hastings Irish potatoes, cabbage o go o
17 Starke-Brooker-Lake Butler snap and lima beans, '0 9
cucumbers, peppers, squash, strawberries
18 Quincy-Havana pole beans, cucumbers, squash
19 Escambia Irish potatoes

FOREWORD

This is the eleventh in a new series of summaries of costs and
returns from the principal vegetable crops by major producing areas in
Florida. There is a need among growers, commodity groups, credit agencies,
research workers and teachers for current factual information of this type.

Data in this summary were gathered by personal interview with growers
of the various vegetable crops. Growers' records of actual production
costs were used when available, and estimates taken when records were not
kept. As complete a breakdown of costs as possible was obtained from
each grower. Insofar as possible, growing and harvesting costs have been
separated and labor items excluded from costs of materials. In a few cases,
where crop sales were not available from growers, they were computed on
the basis of average prices received for the crop as reported by the Florida
Crop and Livestock Reporting Service, U.S.D.A., Orlando, Florida.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The writer wishes to express his appreciation to the vegetable
growers for their excellent cooperation and also to the Florida Fruit and
Vegetable Association, the Florida Crop and Livestock Reporting Service,
U.S.D.A., Orlando, Florida, and to various county agents for much worth-
while assistance.

FOREWORD

This is the eleventh in a new series of summaries of costs and
returns from the principal vegetable crops by major producing areas in
Florida. There is a need among growers, commodity groups, credit agencies,
research workers and teachers for current factual information of this type.

Data in this summary were gathered by personal interview with growers
of the various vegetable crops. Growers' records of actual production
costs were used when available, and estimates taken when records were not
kept. As complete a breakdown of costs as possible was obtained from
each grower. Insofar as possible, growing and harvesting costs have been
separated and labor items excluded from costs of materials. In a few cases,
where crop sales were not available from growers, they were computed on
the basis of average prices received for the crop as reported by the Florida
Crop and Livestock Reporting Service, U.S.D.A., Orlando, Florida.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The writer wishes to express his appreciation to the vegetable
growers for their excellent cooperation and also to the Florida Fruit and
Vegetable Association, the Florida Crop and Livestock Reporting Service,
U.S.D.A., Orlando, Florida, and to various county agents for much worth-
while assistance.

DEFINITIONS

Total number of growers: Number of individual records or estimates of
crop costs and returns included in each crop summary.

Total number of acres: The total acreage planted by growers whose records
or estimates were used. When a part of the planted acreage was lost soon
after planting and replaced by another crop, the reduced acreage was used.

Average acres per grower: The number of acres of the particular crop
divided by the number of growers.

Average yield per acre: The number of units per planted acre harvested.

Land rent: In the interests of uniformity, land rent was charged for all
acreages and crops at the prevailing rate reported by growers in the area.
This was done to avoid difficulties in the determination of a normal
valuation, interest charge for use of land and capitalization of land
values in a period of fluctuating values and prices. Taxes on farm
real estate are excluded since rent is being charged.

Seed and seedbed includes the cost of seed or plants for planting the
crop. If a seedbed was used, the figures, unless otherwise noted, include
costs of labor and materials for growing plants as well as seed costs.

Fertilizer: Represents the actual cost of nutrient materials applied to
produce the crop. Labor or machine costs of application are not included.

Spray and dust includes the cost of materials only unless application
labor is specified, in which case some machine costs may also be present.
If weed control chemicals or soil fumigants were used, their cost also
is included here.

Cultural labor contains the cost of man labor, whether hired or family
to produce the crop from ground preparation until ready for harvest. It
does not include supervision by the operator, since his compensation is
to a great extent dependent upon returns from the sale of the crop.

Machine hire is the cost of machine work hired, including use of air-
planes when applicable, in producing the crop. This item includes
labor charges for the machine operator and charges for the use of equip-
ment.

Gas, oil and grease includes the cost of gas, oil and grease required to
operate tractors, trucks, sprayers, pumps and other machinery in producing
the crop.

Repair and maintenance represents the cost of repairs to equipment used
in producing the crop. It also includes the small tools such as hoes,
rakes and shovels purchased and charged off as a current expenditure.

Depreciation includes the annual charge for depreciation and obsolescense
of equipment and labor housing. When actual depreciation charges could
not be obtained from records, they were computed by assuming a 10-year
average life-use on all equipment on the basis of replacement value as
indicated by the operator.

Licenses and insurance represent the cost of licenses and insurance items
when chargable-to the farm business. Licenses include those for trucks
and autos used 'on the farm. Insurance includes labor and crop insurance
and fire or windstorm insurance on buildings and equipment. It excludes
health or accident insurance for the operator or his family.

Interest on production capital was charged at the rate of 6 percent on
all cash costs for the number of months required to grow and market the
crop regardless of whether or not much production capital was actually
borrowed. This percentage was used because it is believed to be the
normal interest rate.

Interest on capital invested (other than land) charged at 6 percent of
the actual or estimated annual depreciated value of the capital invested
in machinery and equipment. It was assumed that all equipment was pre-
sently worth one-half its replacement value.

Miscellaneous includes such items as wire, stakes, twine, office supplies,
administrative expense other than value of operators management, legal
and audit fees, telephone and telegraph and incidental expenses.

Harvesting and marketing expense where possible, has been divided into
two items: (1) picking and (2) grading and packing. Picking, cutting
or digging expense includes actual cost of harvesting the crop and pre-
paring it for movement to packinghouse or wash house. Washing or grading
and packing expense includes preparation of the product for shipment either
in the field or at an adjacent packinghouse. It includes machinery and
overhead costs in addition to labor. The same is true for all crops in
all areas where grading and packing is done off the farm in packinghouses.

Containers includes the cost for hampers, crates, bags or baskets in
which the product is moved to market.

Hauling is the cost of movement of the product from field to packinghouse
or loading point. It is often computed on a contract basis and includes
labor and equipment items. In cases where hauling was performed by the
operator's trucks, the costs have been separated from production labor
and machine expense items as nearly as possible.

Other: The cost of precooling the commodity prior to shipment and for
celery and sweet corn the contribution to the Marketing Agreement Program.
Inspection fees, when incurred, are included in packinghouse charges and
are not reported as a separate item.

I~------IIT1II_-l --- .I_- -

Selling: The packinghouse, market, sales organization, or dealer's charge
for performing the sales service for the crop when deducted from the pro-
ducer's price. This cost does not include charges for unloading, grading,
packing, etc.

Crop sales are the gross returns to the grower before deduction of growing,
harvesting and marketing costs.

Net return: Return to the producer after deduction of all expenses in
producing, harvesting and marketing the crop.

Proration of costs between crops: For such items as seed, fertilizer,
spray and dust, airplane application and harvesting and marketing costs,
growers' records or estimates for each crop were used to make the appro-
priate charges.

In the case of the cultural labor, however, no breakdown for the different
crops produced on the individual farm could be obtained from ta grower
except in a very few cases when such records had been kept. The total
cultural labor for all crops produced on each farm was, in most cases,
prorated to the various crops on the basis of available data developed
at the Florida Agricultural Experiment Stations with regard to man hours
required in various parts of the state to produce different crops from
land preparation to harvest. A similar situation also applies to such
items as machine hire, tractor fuel, oil and grease, repairs, deprecia-
tion and other production costs where, except in very few cases, records
had not been kept as to their respective charges to different crops.
Prorations were also made of these items on the basis of available data.
(D. L. Brooke, Fla. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 660, June 1963).

In many cases individual growers did not incur every cost item. This
applies especially to airplane application, machine hire, grading and
packing, containers, hauling and precooling. Thus, these data are based
only on the over-all average for all growers contacted in each area,
footnotes have been used to set forth the number of growers and average
costs for items not incurred by all growers in the area.

Per-unit costs and returns were computed by dividing the average yield
per acre in the area into the various items of cost shown in the individ-
ual tables. They are merely averages of the data recorded and, in some
cases, do not reflect the full cost of performing the service because
all growers may not have incurred every item of cost.

Range per acre showing the lowest and the highest of the sampled observa-
tions for yields, costs and returns are included for each crop and area.
This is intended to show growers and other interested parties the extremes
that may be encountered in vegetable production.

Snap Ecnns 1
Costs and Returns per acre in the Palm Beach-Broward Area
5-Season Average 1966-70 and 1970-71

: 5-Season 1 -71
Item 1970-71
: Average :

Number of growers .............................. : 11 : 10
Number of acres................................: 8612 12775
Average acres per grower........................: 783 1278
Average yield per acre (bushels)................: 91 76
Growing costs: Average per
Acre Acre Bushel

Land rent................................... :$ 33.47 $ 28.94
Seed ........................................: 19.60 23.17
Fertilizer....................................: 46.37 : 40.69
Spray and dust................................: 13.44 16.94
Cultural labor................................: 30.97 :31.61
Machine hire..................................: 9.09 15.87
Gas, oil and grease......................... : 10.36 : 6.93
Repair and maintenance.......................: 13.77 12.10
Depreciation...............................: 11.14 9.53
Licenses and insurance.........................: 6.40 : 7.82
Interest on production capital(67. 4 mos)....: 3.78 : 3.89
Interest on capital invested (other than land): 1.11 : .95
Miscellaneous expense.........................: 5.47 : 10.41.
Total growing cost.............................: 204.97 :208.85 :$ 2.748
Harvesting and marketing costs:
Picking and packing expense....................: 93.17 : 81.80 1.076
Containers ....................................: 37.34 : 34.34 : .452
Hauling.......................................: 8.86 9.41 .124
Selling....................................... : 11.05 : 11.24 : .148
Total harvesting and marketing cost..............: 150.42 : 136.79 1.800
Total crop cost..........o....... .............: 355.39 :345.64 4.548
Crop sales.........................................: 363.89 : 345.31 4.544
Net return.................................. :$ 8.50 :$- 0.33 :$-0.004
197C-71 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (bushesl)........................................... 41 :94
Total growing cost.........................................:$149.50 :$287.51
Total harvesting and marketing cost........................: 65.84 : 182.25
Total crop cost............................................: 215.34 : 437.13
Crop sales................................................. 150.41 : 435.13
Net return ....................................... ......... :$-64.93 :$ 51.67

Source: Grower records and estimates.

Pole Beans
Costs and Returns per acre in the Dade County Area
5-Season Average 1966-70 and 1970-71

: 5-Season 7
Item 5-Seaso1970-71
: Average :

Number of growers................. ............: 8 : 6
Number of acres ,................................: 2955 :1911
Average acres per grower.......................: 369 318
Average yield per acre (bushels)................: 259 235
Growing costs: Average per
Acre Acre Bushel

Land rent..................................... :$ 34.54 :$ 40.66
Seed ..........................................: 21.77 : 22.50
Fertilizer....................................: 55.83 67.46
Spray and dust................................: 39.19 : 45.80
Cultural labor...............................: 1:66.22 187.04
Machine hire................................. : 12.58 9.71
Gas, oil and grease.... .................... : 14.68 22.07
Repair and maintenance........................: 23.01 35.34
Depreciation..................................: 14.30 : 21.89
Licenses and insurance .......................: 12.68 : 18.30
Interest on production capital (6% 4 mos.)..: 8.45 : 10.00
Interest on capital invested (other than land): 1.43 : 2.19
Miscellaneous expense.........................: 41.99 51.21
Total growing cost..............................: 446.67 : 534.17 :$2.273
Harvesting and marketing costs:
Picking and packing expense...................: 176.11 184.40 .785
Containers ....................................: 108.50 109.28 : .464
Hauling....................................... : 24.49 : 31.41 : .134
Selling.......................................: 46.73 : 35.22 : .150
Total harvesting and marketing cost .............: 355.83 360.31 :1.533
Total crop cost.................................: 802.50 894.48 :3.806
Crop sales.................................... : 904.15 : 1019.28 : 4.337
Net return...................................... :$101.65 :$ 124.80 :$0.531

1970-71 Range
From
Yield (bushels)............................................ 164
Total growing cost.........................................:$ 406.96
Total harvesting and marketing cost.......................: 249.28
Total crop cost.................................... .....: 706.96
Crop sales.................................................: 690.00
Net return............................................... :$-192.63

per Acre
To
S278
:$ 633.35
:436.43
: 976.44
: 1262.80
:$ 289.55

Source: Grower records and estimates.

_~~ __ ____-- -- __ --. ...

Cabbaag
Costs and Returns per acre in the Hasting's Area
5-Season Average 1966-70 and 1970-71

: 5-Season :
Item 1970-71
: Average

Number of growers............ ...... ............: 16 :12
Number of acres .................................: 1636 :1277
Average acres per grower........................: 102 106
Average yield per acre (50-lb.) .................: 463 :390
Growing costs: Average per
Acre Acre 50-1b.

Land rent..................................... :$ 31.50 :$ 35.47
Seed............................................ 41.54 : 51.54
Fertilizer................................... 68.69 68.40
Spray and dust................................: 20.75 : 21.85
Cultural labor .................................: 75.27 : 102.83
Machine hire ..................................: 2.25 : 1.83
Gas, oil and grease...........................: 9.38 9.76
Repair and maintenance........................: 17.49 : 21.26
Depreciation ..................................: 18.28 16.05
Licenses and insurance.........................: 7.57 : 10.19
Interest on production capital (6% 4 mos.)..: 5.61 : 6.57
Interest on capital invested (other than land): 1.83 : 1.61
Miscellaneous expense.........................: 5.86 5.26
Total growing cost...............................: 306.02 : 352.62 :$ 0.904
Harvesting and marketing costs:
Cutting and packing expense.................: 100.43 : 110.06 : .282
Containers....................................: 184.21 172.42 .442
Hauling....................................... : 3.14
Selling ............ ......................... : 69.28 : 64.20 .165
Total harvesting and marketing cost.............: 357.06 : 346.68 : .889
Total crop cost................................: 663.08 : 699.30 1.793
Crop sales......................................: 819.41 : 682.33 :1.750
Net return......................................:$ 156.33 :$ -16.97 :$-0.043
1970-71 Range per Acre
From To

Yield (50-lb.)............................................. 200 : 600
Total growing cost........................................ :$ 233.02 :$ 441.41
Total harvesting and marketing cost........................: 169.52 : 608.70
Total crop cost............................................: 525.48 : 841.72
Crop sales.................................................: 350.00 : 1050.00
Net return............................................... $-175.64 :$ 228.20

Reported by 8 growers averaging $2.74 per acre.

Source: Grower records and estimates.

Cahhaop
Costs and Returns per acre in the Sanford Area
5-Season Average 1966-70 and 1970-71

: 5-Season :
Item 1970-71
; Average :

Number of growers.... .......................... :
Number of acres....................... ...........
Average acres per grower........................:
Average yield per acre (50-lb.)................ :
Growing costs:

Land rent.................................... :$
Seed..........................................
Fertilizer...................................
Spray and dust................................:
Cultural labor............................... :
Machine hire..................................
Gas, oil and grease...........................
Repair and maintenance........................
Depreciation..................................
Licenses and insurance........................
Interest on production capital (67, 4 mos.)..:
Interest on capital invested (other than land):
Miscellaneous expense.........................:
Total growing cost.............................. :
Harvesting and marketing costs:

9
1765
196
417

Acre
32.0(
34.4(
62.1C
39.46
96.6(
2.75
11.1(
26.24
16.4;
9.6(
6.44
1.64
7.77
346.64

4
1201
300
545

Average per
SAcre
6 :$ 34.48
S48.67
S 50.40
S63.52
: 149.30
i 1.73
S 7.14
S 43.93
S23.30
6 : 23.62
S 8.76
S 2.33
S 15.22
S472.40

50-lb.

:$867
I i

:$0.867

Cutting and packing expense..................
Containers..................................:
Hauling.. .... ..............................
Selling............................ o ..................
Total harvesting and marketing cost.............
Total crop cost.................................

119.69
179.88
21.27
62.36
383.20
729.84

Crop sales..................................... 727.96
Net return ..................................... :$ -1.88

:192.89
:238.72
33.45
:103.05
:568.11
: 1040.51
: 1100.19
:$ 59.68

.354
.438
.061
.189
:1.042
: 1.909
:2.019
:$0.110

1970-71 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (50-lb.)............................................: 429 718
Total growing cost.............. .......................... :$ 400.32 :$ 560.74
Total harvesting and marketing cost........................: 382.58 : 969.30
Total crop cost...........................................: 817.56 : 1462.85
Crop sales........................... ..................... : 793.18 : 1537.24
Net return ...............................................:$ -37.43 :$ 160.88

1Reported by 1 grower averaging $6.91 per acre.

Source: Grower records and estimates.

S<,

Celery 5
Costs and Returns per acre in the Central Florida Area
5-Season Average 1966-70 and 1970-71

: 5-Season :
Item : Avea : 1970-71
: Average :

Number of growers........................ .... **:
Number of acres............... ..................
Average acres per grower........................:
Average yield per acre (crates).................
Growing costs:

Land rent....................................:$
Seed......................................... :
Fertilizer ........... ...................... :
Spray and dust................................:
Cultural labor............................... :
Machine hire..................................:
Gas, oil and grease...........................:
Rapair and maintenance.........................:
Depreciation............. ....................
Licenses and insurance........................:
Interest on production capital (6% 5 mos.)..:
Interest on capital invested (other than land):
Miscellaneous expense......................... :
Total growing cost...............................
Harvesting and marketing costs:

Cutting and packing expense...................
Containers...................................:
Hauling.......................................
Other.........................................
Selling.......................................
Total harvesting and marketing cost.............
Total crop cost.................................

6
2109 :
352
513 :
Average per
Acre Acre

38.57
64.43
114.54
78.51
191.26
4.43
12.90
36.92
16.28
11.12
14.21
1.63
15.52
600.32

345.17
246.42
37.76
142.47
83.75
855.57
1455.89

Crop sales.................................... : 1605.80
Net return......................................:$ 149.91

4
1556
389
556

:$ 38.76
84.38
103.20
82.86
231.45
4.06
11.75
44.01
14.25
19.19
15.88
1.42
15.55
666.76

:448.50
:291.02
44.62
174.77
98.32
:1057.23
:1723.99
:1567.42
:$-156.57

Crate I

:I:

:$ 1.199

: .807
: .523
: .080
: .314
: .177
S1.901
S3.100
: 2.819
:$-0.281

1970-71 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (crates).......................................... 415 : 773
Total growing cost........................................ :$ 600.14 :$ 719.29
Total harvesting and marketing cost........................: 718.14 : 1337.42
Total crop cost............................................: 1498.15 : 2056.71
Crop sales................................................ : 1185.03 : 1962.44
Net return..................................... 0 ........;$-313.12 :$ -72.83

Reported by 1 grower averaging $16.26 per acre.

Source: Grower records and estimates.

Celery 6
Costs and Returns per acre in the Everglades Area
5-Season Average 1966-70 and 1970-71

Itm: 5-Season : 1970-71
Item _: Average :

Number of growers...............................
Number of res..................................:
Average acres per grower........................ :
Average yield per acre (crates).................:
Growing costs:

Land rent..................................
Seed......................................
Fertilizer.................. .... .....:
Spray and dust................................:
Cultural labor................. ...............:
Machine hire......................... ........:
Gas, oil and grease........................... :
Repair and maintenance........................ :
Depreciation............................ .. :
Licenses and insurance........................ :
Interest on production capital (6% 5 mos.)..:
Interest on capital invested (other than land):
Miscellaneous expense.........................:
Total growing cost.............................. :
Harvesting and marketing costs:
Cutting and packing expense................... :
Containers................................... :
Hauling....................................... :
Other.......................... .......... .... :
Selling...................................... :
Total harvesting and marketing cost.............:
Total crop cost................................. :

8
7512
939
588

8
10072
1259

Average per
Acre Acre

35.62
50.54
107.55
115.46
191.20
5.31
26.26
54.12
22.89
19.59
15.82
2.29
27.00
673.65

401.91
280.52
51.08
153.68
80.47
967.66
1641.31

Crop sales......................................: 1812.68
Net return.................................... :$ 171.37

:$ 32.04
56.66
83.53
96.83
225.14 1
8.00
16.32
61.09
23.48
23.10
15.56
2.35
19.75
663.85

438.46
283.38
54.21
164.53
86.99
: 1027.57
: 1691.42
: 1489.37
:$-202.05

: 779

I ;.

.503
: .096
: .292
: .155
S1.825
3.004
: 2.645
:$-0.359

1970-71 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (crates).............................................: 384 : 680
Total growing cost..................................***......:$ 477.77 :$ 836.83
Total harvesting and marketing cost.......................: 751.33 : 1193.19
Total crop cost......................................... : 1229.10 1988.29
Crop sales.................................... .........: 1021.84 : 1819.62
Net return..............................................;$-308.14 :$ -45.15

1Reported by 4 growers averaging $16.00 per acre.

Source: Grower records and estimates.

Sweet Corn
Costs and Returns per acre in the Everglades Area
5-Season Average 1966-70 and 1970-71

Item : 5-Season : 1970-71
Item Average 1970-71
_________*-*em________________: Average :______- .

Number of growers..............................:
Number of acres................................:
Average acres per grower........................ :
Average yield per acre (crates)..................
Growing costs:

Land rent... .................................:$
Seed................. ................. .........
Fertilizer.................................... :
Spray and dust................................ :
Cultural labor.................................:
Machine hire.................................. :
Gas, oil and grease..........................
Repair and maintenance.........................
Depreciation...............................
Licenses and insurance........................
Interest on production capital (6% 4 mos.)..:
Interest on capital invested (other than land):
Miscellaneous expense......................... :
Total growing cost.............................. :
Harvesting and marketing costs:
Picking and packing expense...................:
Containers.............. ............... ....
Hauling ......................................
Other.........................................
Selling...................................... :
Total harvesting and marketing cost............. :
Total crop cost.................................:

17
23096
1359
155

Acre

30.53
5.69
26.63
58.61
30.8(
3.01
6.9(
12.5(
8.55
5.94
3.73
.86
5.85
L99.6S

65.06
60.35
12.79
37.67
21.54
197.41
397.1l

Crop sales........ ............................. : 385.79
Net return..................................... ;$-11.31

15
23149
1543
144

Average per
S Acre
:$ 29.68
S6.221
S28.72
: 46.88
: 30.89 2
S16.79
6 6.07
: 13.75
: 10.77
S 4.64
S 3.78
6 : 1.08
S 5.30
: 204.57

: 75.02
: 63.04
: 14.69
: 41.34
: 25.04
: 219.13

: 423.70
: 396.41
:$-27.29

1970-71 Range per Acre
From To

Yield (crates)..............................................; 100 187
Total growing cost........................................:$ 133.03 :$295.05
Total harvesting and marketing cost.........................: 145.90 : 295.46
Total crop cost...................................... ...: 333.48 : 529.76
Crop sales.................................................: 229,27 : 525.46
Net return.. ............... ............................ $-181.83 :$ 74.81

Reported by 14 growers averaging $30.77 per acre.

2
Reported by 11 growers averaging $22.89 per acre.

Source: Grower records and estimates.

Crate

:$ 1.420

.521
.438
.102
.287
.174
: 1.522
2.942
2.753
:$-0.189

Sweit Cr-n 8

Costs and Returns per acre in the Lower East Coast Area
5-Season Average 1966-70 and 1970-71
: 5-Season :
Item Sean 1970-71
: Average :

Number of growers...............................
Number of acres .............................. ...
Average acres per grower........................:
Average yield per acre (crates).................:
Growing costs:

Land rent..................................... :
Seed.......................................... :
Fertilizer ................................... :
Spray and dust............................... :
Cultural labor............................... :
Machine hire...................................:
Gas, oil and grease............................ :
Repair and maintenance.......................:
Depreciation................................ :
Licenses and insurance........................:
Interest on production capital (67 4 mos.)..:
Interest on capital invested (other than land):
Miscellaneous expense......................... :

Total growing cost..............................:
Harvesting and marketing costs:

Picking and packing expense..................
Containers....................................
Hauling ......................................
Other.........................................:
Selling.......................................:
Total harvesting and marketing cost..............
Total crop cost.................................. :

4
4880
1220
147

4
5508
1377
123

Average per

Acre
37.92
7.37
59.20
49.91
33.55
10.38
8.53
15.40
13.10
7.43
4.74
1.31
7.26
256.10

65.69
54.80
14.33
37.20
19.43
191.45
447.55

Crop sales......................................: 470.85
Net return......................................:$ 23.30

Acre Crate
39.89
9.27
60.73
39.54
42.21 1
20.41
8.09
20.18
18.43
10.49
5.25
1.84
11.69 :

188.02

65.57
52.41
18.08
27.33
16.15
179.54
467.56
495.02
:$ 27.46

r

1970-71 Range per Acre
From To

Yield (crates).................................................: 42 :182
Total growing cost..............................................:$ 210.10 :$350.21
Total harvesting and marketing cost........................: 51.28 : 258.54
Total crop cost..........................................: 261.38 : 608.75
Crop sales..................................................: 159.73 : 736.65
Net return.................................................:$-01.65 :$127.90

1Reported by 3 growers averaging $27.21 per acre.

Source: Grower records and estimates.

:$2.342

: .533
: .426
: .147
: .222
: .131
S1.459
: 3.801
: 4.025
:$0.224

Sweet Corn
Costs and Returns per acre in the Zellwood Area
5-Season Average 1966-70 and 1970-71

: 5-Season :
Item 1970-71
: Average :

Number of growers .,,,...*,, .**,* ,.. .***.:
Number of acres..... ...........................:
Average acres per grower........................:
Average yield per acre (crates).................:
Growing costs:

Land rent.....................................:$
Seed............... ......................... :
Fertilizer .................. ............. :
Spray and dust................................ :
Cultural labor............................... :
Machine hire..................................:
Gas, oil and grease...........................:
Repair and maintenance........................
Depreciation.................................:
Licenses and insurance.........................
Interest on production capital (67 4 mos.)..:
Interest on capital invested (other than land):
Miscellaneous expense.........................
Total growing cost.............................. :
Harvesting and marketing costs:

Picking and packing expense...................:
Containers................................... :
Hauling .....................................
Other....................... .. ...... .........
Selling........................................
Total harvesting and marketing cost.............
Total crop cost.................................

5
3566
713
227

Acre
30.55
6.70
33.28
55.25
34.83
7.04
4.75
21.61
7.8E
7.29
4.17
.79
7.34
221.46

104.54
87.18
13.91
53.96
36.74
296.33
517.79

Crop sales......................................: 527.79
Net return.................................... :$ 10.00

5
3521
704
210

Average per
Acre
:$ 29.58
S 8.62
S 25.36
S 38.49
S 33.67
: 11.74
S 5.23
32.41
S 10.21
S 14.33
S 4.04
: 1.02
: 2.65
217.35

104.02
93.48
16.97
62.43
38.70
:315.60
:532.95
:503.64
:$ -29.31

Crate

1:

:$ 1.035

.495
.445
'. .081
.297
.184
1.502
2.537
2.398
:$-0.139

1970-71 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (crates).......................................... .. 175 237
Total growing cost........................................:$ 179.86 :$260.57
Total harvesting and marketing cost.............. : 265.33 :380.59
Total crop cost........................................... : 477.47 : 599.16
Crop sales............................................ : 378.68 : 614.40
Net return................................. ...........:$-159.67 :$103.60

Reported by 3 growers averaging $19.57 per acre.

Source: Grower records and estimates.

Cucumbcrs 10
Costs and Returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee Area
5-Season Average 1966-70 and 1970-71

: 5-Season :
Item e 1970-71
: Average :

Number of growers....................... ..........:
Number of acres...............................:
Average acres per grower........................ :
Average yield per acre (bushels)................:
Growing costs:

13
2045
157
202

Acre
Land rent..................................... :$ 16.37

Seed................................. ..........:
Fertilizer... ....................................... :
Spray and dust............................... :
Cultural labor................................:
Machine hire................................ :
Gas, oil and grease...........................:
Repair and maintenance....................... :
Depreciation..................................
Licenses and insurance........................
Interest on production capital (67 5 mos.)..:
Interest on capital invested (other than land):
Miscellaneous expense......................... :
Total growing cost..............................:
Harvesting and marketing cost:

Picking expense..............................
Grading and packing expense...................
Containers............ .....................
Hauling......................................
Selling......................................
Total harvesting and marketing cost............
Total crop cost.................................
Crop sales.....................................
Net return..... ..............................

10.16
99.36
49.94
102.27
23.00
17.24
24.95
21.28
6.75
9.00
2.13
9.84
392.29

: 128.45
: 101.24
: 117.17
:31.63
:30.91
: 409.40
: 801.69
: 808.42
:$ 6.73

8
1325
166
206

Average per
Acre
:$ 16.17
S 15.23
S 88.90
: 51.53
113.33 1
S 21.33
: 21.15
S 37.33
S 23.66
10.43
: 9.70
2.37
: 12.49
: 423.62

: 188.78
:115.95
:120.40
41.84
34.04
:501.01
:924.63
:815.78
:$-108.85

1970-71 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (bushels)...........................................: 79 388
Total growing cost..................................... :$ 340.78 :$ 480.07
Total harvesting and marketing cost........................: 216.07 : 945.87
Total crop cost...........................................: 696.14 : 1396.43
Crop sales.................................................: 321.60 : 1440.00
Net return................................. :$-433.15 :$ 261.00

1Reported by 6 growers averaging $28.43 per acre.
Reported by 6 growers averaging $28.43 per acre.

Source: Grower records and estimates.

Bushel

:$ 2.056

S .916
S .563
.585
S .203
S .165
:, 2.432
4.488
3.960
:$-0.528

Eggplant 11
Costs and Returns per acre in the Palm Beach-Broward Area
5-Season Average 1966-70 and 1970-71

Iem: 5-Season 1970-71
Item : Avera4 :

Number of growers........................... .. 7 5
Number of acres................................ ; 300 190
Average acres per grower........................: 43 38
Average yield per acre (bushels)................: 596 :583
Growing costs: Average per
Acre Acre Bushel

Land rent..................................... :$ 54.98 :$ 39.10
Seed.......................................... 8.06 9.42
Fertilizer.................................... 199.72 : 186.29
Spray and dust................................: 86.78 91.68
Cultural labor................................: 203.25 :162.48
Machine hire..................................: 29.50 : 29.35
Gas, oil and grease...........................: 35.02 : 32.98
Repair and maintenance........................: 62.81 : 57.64
Depreciation.................................: 39.81 66.02
Licenses and insurance........................: 34.02 34.54
Interest on production capital (6% 5 mos.)..: 18.33 : 16.69
Interest on capital invested (other than land): 3.98 : 6.60
Miscellaneous expense.........................: 19.05 : 24.14
Total growing cost..............................: 795.31 : 756.93 :$ 1.299
Harvesting and marketing cost:
Picking and packing expense....................: 258.08 :265.05 : .454
Containers................................... : 327.06 :321.09 .551
Hauling....................................... 61.59 : 61.35 : .105
Selling......................................: 76.06 : 78.13 .134
Total harvesting and marketing cost..............: 722.79 : 725.62 1.244
Total crop cost.................................: 1518.10 :1482.55 4 2.543
Crop sales.....................................; 1654.16 :1186.62 :2.035
Net return....................................:$ 136.06 :$-295.93 :$-0.508

1970-71 Range
From
Yield (bushels).................................... .. 286
Total growing cost........................................ :$ 597.88
Total harvesting and marketing cost........................: 346.07
Total crop cost..........................................: 1144.12
Crop sales................................................ : 524.81
Net return....................................... ..... :$-619.31

per Acre
To
766
:$ 834.38
: 950.53
: 1784.91
: 1513.33
:$-139.88

Source: Grower records and estimates.

Leaf Crops
Costs and Returns per acre in the Central Florida Area
5-Season Average 1966-70 and 1970-71

~Item : 5-Season : 1970-71
Item Average 1970-71
: Average:

Number of growers...............................:
Number of acres..................................:
Average acres per grower........................:
Average yield per acre (crates)..................:
Growing costs:

11
1507
137
393

Acre
Land rent ........................ ... ..... :$ 22.42

Seed... ...... ................................. :
Fertilizer .................................... :
Spray and dust................................. :
Cultural labor.................................:
Machine hire..................................
Gas, oil and grease........................... :
Repair and maintenance.........................:
Depreciation................................. :
Licenses and insurance........................ :
Interest on production capital (67. 4 mos.)..:
Interest on capital invested (other than land):
Miscellaneous expense ........................ :
Total growing cost............................... :
Harvesting and marketing costs:
Picking and packing expense................... :
Containers...................................
Hauling.......................................:
Other..........................................
Selling. ......................................
Total harvesting and marketing cost.............
Total crop cost..................................:

12.96
39.98
19.55
116.09
2.5S
8.1
30.9(
17.43
9.1C
5.45
1.74
10.59
297.08

97.80
164.34
17.11
73.89
41.98
395.12
692.20

Crop sales........................................: 763.18
Net return..... .............................. :$ 70.98

10
1393
139
237

Average per
e Acre
S :$ 21.69
6 : 6.65
S : 26.80
S 19.41
S 92.72
S 1.27
S : 4.47
: 31.51
S 14.82
S 17.20
S 4.56
: 1.48
S 6.44
S249.02

S 77.48
: 104.15
: 12.37
S 44.94
S 47.07
: 286.01
: 535.03
: 611.93
:$ 76.90

1970-71 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (crates)............................................: 126 : 449
Total growing cost ........................................:$ 158.05 :$ 369.61
Total harvesting and marketing cost........................: 163.24 592.68
Total crop cost............................................ : 388.06 : 909.03
Crop sales........................................... ......: 300.56 : 1309.70
Net return................................................. :$-232.69 :$ 400.67

1Reported by 7 growers averaging $1.82 per acre.
Reported by 7 growers averaging $1.82 per acre.

Source: Grower records and estimates.

Crate

1:

:$1.051

.326
.439
.052
.190
: .199
: 1.206
: 2.257
: 2.582
:$0.325

Leaf crops
Costs and Returns per acre in the Everglades Area
5-Season Average 1966-70 and 1970-71

: 5-Season :
Item ea 1970-71
: Average :

Number of growers...................................
Number of acres................................
Average acres per grower........................
Average yield per acre (crates).................
Growing costs:

Land rent....................................:$
Seed..........................................:
Fertilizer...... .............................
Spray and dust...............................
Cultural labor............................:
Machine hire..............................
Gas, oil and grease...........................
Repair and maintenance........................
Depreciation.................................. :
Licenses and insurance........................ :
Interest on production capital (6% 4 mos.)..:
Interest on capital invested (other than land):
Miscellaneous expense.........................:
Total growing cost.............................. :
Harvesting and marketing costs:

Picking and packing expense......................:
Containers....... ........... .. ...... .......:
Hauling......................................
Other.............. ........... ...... .... .......
Selling..................................................
Total harvesting and marketing cost.............
Total crop cost................................. :
Crop sales.............................. ..

8
3606
451
406

Acr<
33.8;
4.8;
24.77
17.5;
71.3;
3.3w
8.41
14.6
9.81
7.65
3.8(
.98
6.84
207.8;

114.27
180.19
31.79
86.82
54.69
467.76
675.58
756.78

Net return..................................... :$ 81.20

8
4554
569
360

Average per
e Acre
2 :$ 30.06
2 : 4.71
6 23.12
2 : 31.59
7 : 80.71
6 7.72
S : 8.31
2 : 21.81
S : 14.83
5 : 6.35
6 : 4.43
S : 1.48
S : 7.06
2 : 242.18

:134.36
:152.73
35.04
87.80
56.80
466.73
:708.91
:789.83
:$ 80.92

1970-71 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (crates)............................................. : 202 507
Total growing cost......................................... :$ 147.29 :$ 330.11
Total harvesting and marketing cost.........................: 298.62 : 662.22
Total crop cost.............................................. : 568.50 : 888.52
Crop sales.................................................. : 447.16 : 1171.50
Net return..................................................:$-181.57 :$ 373.70

Reported by 4 growers averaging $15.44 per acre.

Source: Grower records and estimates.

Crate

:

:$0.673

.373
.424
S.097
S.244
.158
:'1.296
:1.969
:2.194
:$0.225

Green Peppers 14
Costs and Returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee Area
5-Season Average 1966-70 and 1970-71

~Iteim : 5-Season : 1970-71
Itenm : Average :

Number of growers............................ ...
Number of acres................................ :
Average acres per grower........................ :
Average yield per acre (bushels)................:
Growing costs:

Land rent.............................. ...... :$
Seed ................ ................... .... :
Fertilizer.................................... :
Spray and dust................................ :
Cultural labor.............................. :
Machine hire.................................. :
Gas, oil and grease........................... :
Repair and maintenance........................ :
Depreciation.................................. :
Licenses and insurance........................:
Interest on production capital (6% 5 mos.)..:
Interest on capital invested (other than land):
Miscellaneous expense.........................:
Total growing cost............................. :
Harvesting and marketing costs:

12
2228
186
278

9
1740
193
332

Average per
Acre Acre

16.78
25.84
137.71
79.19
193.02
39.29
31.88
49.86
41.45
14.94
15.30
4.13
23.30
672.69

*Picking expense....................... ......: 131.48
Grading and packing expense...................: 139.45
Containers.... ..................... ....... : 141.43
Hauling...................... ................: 44.93
Selling............. .................. ..... .. .: 43.02
Total harvesting and marketing cost.............: 500.31
Total crop cost...............................: 1173.00
Crop sales...................................... 1130.08
Het return .....................................:$ -42.92

18.70
42.65
160.03
118.45
222.71
56.10
40.13
83.85
48.24
24.02
20.24
4.82
42.96
882.90

216.36
175.85
166.31
63.12
63.60
685.24
1568.14
1472.43
-95.71

Bushel

1:

:$ 2.659

S .652
S .530
S .501
S .190
: .191
2.064
: 4.723
: 4.435
:$-0.288

1970-71 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (bushesi)........................................... : 159 530
Total growing cost .........................................$ 664.01 :$1106.13
Total harvesting and marketing cost........................: 371.80 : 1045.23
Total crop cost................................. .............: 1035.81 :1924.01
Crop sales................................................. : 656.13 : 3061.09
Net return.......................................... :$-1009.09 :$1233.49

1Reported by 7 growers averaging $72.13 per acre.

Source: Grower records and estimates.

Green. Peppers
Costs and Returns per acre in the Palm Beach-Broward Area
5-Season Average 1966-70 and 1970-71

t : 5-Season
Item 1970-71
: Average :

Number of growers ............................. : 10 8 i
Number of acres ............................... 1068 1333
Average acres per grower ........................ 107 167
Average yield per acre (bushels)................ 384 334
Growing costs: Average per
Acre Acre Bushel

Land rent....................... .............:$ 53.68 :$ 29.43 :
Seed...................................... ... : 29.47 31.16
Fertilizer................................... 181.51 154.11
Spray and dust................ ...........: 108.71 : 90.89
Cultural labor..... .......................: 286.78 265.22
Machine hire..................................: 40.82 : 41.21
Gas, oil and grease......................... 39.58 28.52
Repair and maintenance ........................: 65.06 44.50
Depreciation.................................: 47.44 38.49
Licenses and insurance........................: 30.40 29.13
Interest on production capital (6% 5 mos.)..: 21.62 : 18.66
Interest on capital invested (other than land): 4.73 : 3.85
Miscellaneous expense......................... 28.82 32.36
Total growing cost ............................... 938.62 :807.53 :$ 2.418
Harvesting and marketing costs:
Picking and packing expense.................... 193.61 201.05 : .602
Containers..... ....... ............. .......... : 181.91 169.27 .507
Hauling ....................................... 39.20 32.87 : .098
Selling................................... ...:. 50.40 : 48.00 .144
Total harvesting and marketing cost..............: 465.12 : 451.19 :1.351
Total crop cost.................................: 1403.74 : 1258.72 :" 3.769
Crop sales................ ................. ...: 1589.88 : 1072.25 : 3.210
Net return.....................................:$ 186.14 :$-186.47 :$-0.559
1970-71 Range per Acre
From To

Yield (bushels) .......................................... 121 : 550
Total growing cost..........................................:$ 574.34 :$1090.12
Total harvesting and marketing cost.......................: 203.16 : 756.25
Total crop cost.......................................... : 843.57 : 1798.43
Crop sales.................................... ...............: 330.73 : 1560.66
Net return.................................................. :$-646.81 :$ 89.46

Source: Grower records and estimates.

Iribli potatoes 16
Costs and Returns per acre in the Dade County Area
5-Season Average 1966-70 and 1970-71

Item : 5-Season 1970-71
tem: Average1970-71

umber of growers ..............................: 10 8
umber of acres............................ ....: 5948 5268
average acres per grower.........................: 595 :658
average yield per acre (cwt.)..................: 169 :147
-rowing costs: Average per
Acre Acre Cwt.

Land rent..................................:$ 44.52 :$ 57.46
Seed.................................. ..........: 112.28 : 135.45
Fertilizer................................: 51.39 : 56.61
Spray and dust................................ 47.55 : 72.98
Cultural labor................... ............: 53.05 :56.01 1
Machine hire...............................: 1.45 : 65
Gas, oil and grease ............................: 8.21 10.06
Repair and maintenance.......................: 18.74 : 20.07
Depreciation................................... 15.93 : 19.42
Licenses and insurance........................: 14.65 : 14.61
Interest on production capital (6% 4 mos.)..: 7.18 : 8.62
Interest on capital invested (other than land): 1.59 1.94
Miscellaneous expense.........................: 7.07 : 6.77
Total growing cost...............................: 383.61 :460.65 :$3.134
Harvesting and marketing costs:
Digging expense..............................: 23.57 25.44 : .173
Grading and packing expense..................: 93.97 :97.90 : .666
Containers............................. .....: 28.32 25.20 :.171
Hauling....................................... : 21.50 : 24.24 .165
Selling......................... ...........:.. 33.57 :29.32 :.200
Total harvesting and marketing cost.............: 200.93 : 202.10 :, 1.375
Total crop cost............................... : 584.54 : 662.75 : 4.509
Crop sales....................................: 691.29 :679.46 : 4.622
Net return ....................................:$106.75 :$ 16.71 :$0.113
1970-71 Range per Acre
From To

Yield (cwt.)................................ ........... ..... : 116 : 184
Total growing cost........................................:$365.39 :$590.41
Total harvesting and marketing cost........................: 152.93 : 250.30
Total crop cost..................................... ....: 574.41 : 789.48
Crop sales............................................. : 554.02 : 783.45
Net return................................................ :$-97.75 :$164.10

Reported by 4 growers averaging $1.30 per acre.

Source: Grower records and estimates.

Irish potatoes
Costs and Returns per acre in the Hasting's Area
5-Season Average 1966-70 and 1970-71

Item : 5-Season : 19 -71
Item Averag70-71
: Average :

Number of growers .............................:
Number of acres...............................:
Average acres per grower........................:
Average yield per acre (cwt.)....................:
Growing costs:

Land rent....................................:$ 32.21
Seed......................................... : 79.78
Fertilizer....................................: 69.38
Spray and dust................................: 15.04
Cultural labor........... ..................... : 36.20
Machine hire............ ...................... : 3.06
Gas, oil and grease.........................: 11.54
Repair and maintenance ........................: 20.55
Depreciation................ .................: 23.11
Licenses and insurance..........................: 8.80
Interest on production capital (6% 4 mos.)..: 5.66
Interest on capital invested (other than land): 2.31
Miscellaneous expense.........................: 6.39
Total growing cost...............................: 314.03
Harvesting and marketing costs:

26
5668
218
139
Average per
Acre Acre

22
5050
230
133

Cwt.

:$ 35.13
79.79
69.32
S18.97
44.71 :
4.39
11.65
25.57
22.82
11.14
6.14
2.28
6.15
338.06 :$2.542

Digging expense................................: 22.24 23.78 .179
Grading and packing expense ...................: 42.89 37.81 2: .284
Containers.......... ........................: 25.69 : 17.34 .130
Hauling .................................... : 20.90 20.47 .154
Selling .......................................: 29.71 : 28.45 : .214
Total harvesting and marketing cost............: 141.43 127.85 :o0,961
Total crop cost.................................: 455.46 :465.91 : 3.503
Crop sales....................................: 443.67 484.08 : 3.640
Net return..................................... $-11.79 :$ 18.17 :$0.137
1970-71 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (cwt.) ......................... 0 ....................: 90 230
Total growing cost........................................ .. :$ 234.22 :$423.20
Total harvesting and marketing cost................. ......: 56.67 : 182.60
Total crop cost...........................................: 345.32 : 580.23
Crop sales ............ .................... ..... ............ : 301.65 : 710.45
Net return............................................ .. :$-130.60 :$215.16

Reported by 17 growers averaging $5.68 per acre.

2Some growers sold in bulk.
Some growers sold in bulk.

Source: Grower records and estimates.

Irish Potatoes 18
Costs and Returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee Area
5-Season Average 1966-70 and 1970-71

Item : 5-Season : 1970-71
: Average :

Number of growers .............................. :
Number of acres ................................. :
Average acres per grower.......................:
Average yield per acre (cwt.)...................;

6
1608
268
145

5
820
164
147

Growing costs:
Acre
Land rent..................... ... .......... :$ 22.26
Seed................ ......................... : 111.28
Fertilizer ................................... : 90.72
Spray and dust......................... .....: 35.23
Cultural labor...............................: 55.41
Machine hire.........................: 5.92
Gas, oil and grease..........................: 11.13
Repair and maintenance....................... : 22.27
Depreciation................... ............. : 26.44
Licenses and insurance........................: 9.56
Interest on production capital.(6% 4 mos.)..: 7.56
Interest on capital invested (other than land): 2.64
Miscellaneous expense......................... : 14.42
Total growing cost..............................: 414.84

Harvesting and marketing costs:

Digging expense .............................
Grading and packing expense....................
Containers............................. ......
Hauling............. ....... ........ ............
Selling....................................... :
Total harvesting and marketing cost............ :

31.64
79.07
29.47
25.39
29.68
195.25

Total crop cost.................................: 610.09
Crop sales.................................... : 608.25
Net return.................................... :S -1 l_

Average per
Acre
:$ 32.00
131.94
87.00
42.97
70.49
8.67
12.23
30.77
35.21
10.43
8.72
3.52
9.65

: 483.60 :$ 3.290

27.31
65.83
17.05
25.93
28.25
:164.37
:647 97
:625.03
:S -92 Q9L

.-... ,-y v..

1970-71 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (cwt.) .............. .................... ..........: 102 181
Total growing cost..........................................:$ 382.32 :$590.72
Total harvesting and marketing cost......................: 89.76 :220.50
Total crop cost..........................................: 602.82 : 710.18
Crop sales ........................................ ........ : 421.92 : 690.00
Net return... .......................... ..... ... :$-223.02 :$ 72.18

Reported by 4 growers averaging $10.84 per acre.

2Some potatoes were sold in bulk.

Source: Grower records and estimates.

Cwt .

1:

S .186
2 .448
.116
.176
.192
: 1.118
S4.408
S4.251
$-n 1 ;7

Radishes 19
Costs and Returns per acre in the Everglades Area
Season 1970-71

Item : 1970-71

Number of growers................................ 3
Number of acres.................................: 7939
Average acres per grower............. ............: 2646
Average yield per acre (30 6oz. packages)......: 266
Growing costs: Average per
Acre 30 6oz. pkgs.
Land rent...................................... :$ 7.77
Seed .......... ................ ..........: 6.42
Fertilizer ....................................: 8.04
Spray and dust................................. 8.99
Cultural labor................................: 15.27
Machine hire..................................: 2.05
Gas, oil and grease............................ 3.42
Repair and maintenance.........................: 9.75
Depreciation................. .................: 6.48
Licenses and insurance........................: 1.96
Interest on production capital (67. 2 mos.)...: .67
Interest on capital invested (other than land).: .65
Miscellaneous expense..........................: 3.02
Total growing cost............................... 74.49 :$0.280
Harvesting and marketing costs:
Digging expense ............................... : 1064 : .040
Grading and packing expense...................: 75.89 : .285
Containers.............. ......................: 48.79 : .184
Hauling.................. ....... ............... 7.98 .030
Other...........................................: 15.01 :.056
Selling........................................: 23.70 .089
Total harvesting and marketing cost...............: 182.01 : 0.684
Total crop cost..................................: 256.50 : 0.964
Crop sales ......................................: 347.72 : 1.307
Net return......................................:$ 91.22 :$0.343

1970-71 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (30 6oz. packages).......................: 195 : 319
Total growing cost...............................:$ 57.74 :$ 88.65
Total harvesting and marketing cost.............. 157.33 : 225.89
Total crop cost..................................: 215.07 :314.54
Crop sales........................................: 266.31 : 466.59
Net return...................................... :$ 26.42 :$152.05

1Reported by 2 growers averaging $3.07 per acre.

Source: Grower records and estimates.

Squash
Costs and Returns per acre in the Dade County Area
5-Season Average 1966-70 and 1970-71

: 5-Season :
Item- 1970-71
: Average:

Number of growers...............................:
Number of acres,....................,.........:
Average acres per grower........................:
Average yield per acre (bushels) ................:

Growing costs:

Land rent.....................................:$
Seed................................ ....... :
Fertilizer ................................... :
Spray and dust................................:
Cultural labor................................:
Machine hire...................................:
Gas, oil and grease...........................:
Repair and maintenance......................:
Depreciation.................................
Licenses and insurance........................:
Interest on production capital (6% 4 mos.)..:
Interest on capital invested (other than land):
Miscellaneous expense.........................:
Total growing cost..............................:
Harvesting and marketing costs:

Picking and packing expense.................. :
Containers................................... :
Hauling ...................................... :
Selling................................... :
Total harvesting and marketing cost...............:
Total crop cost........ ....................... :

7
1230
176
137

Acr
27.07
8.8C
55.65
37.26
35.07
6.4C
14.86
21.69
16.61
11.11
4.5C
1.66
6.7E
247.44

128.59
71.58
14.04
23.92
238.13
485.57

Crop sales............................... .................: 579.04
Net return.....................................$ 93.47

6
1003
167
117

Average per
Acre
:$ 29.04
S5.92
: 47.87
: 39.50
: 38.69
: 11.29
i : 20.00
: 27.07
:20.20
:15.04
S4.81
S 2.02
: 6.30
: 267.75

: 135.36
:51.82
:14.43
:19.36
: 220.97
: 488.72
: 576.09
:$ 87.37

1970-71 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (bushels)............................................. 100 151
Total growing cost..........................................:$174.94 :$428.93
Total harvesting and marketing cost .......................: 184.00 : 276.60
Total crop cost............................................: 408.94 : 705.53
Crop sales................................................: 450.00 : 791.00
Net return....................................................:$ 2.28 :$181.04

1Reported by 4 growers averaging $16.93 per acre.

Source: Grower records and estimates.

Bushel

:$2.288

: 1.157
S.443
.123
S.166
:1.889
: 4.177
: 4.924
:$0.747

Costs and Returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee Area
5-Season Average 1966-70 and 1970-71

Item : 5-Season : 1970-71
: Average :

Number of growers. ........... .................:
Number of acres.................................:
Average acres per grower......................:
Average yield per acre (bushels)..............,:
Growing costs:

Land rent.................................... :$
Seed................................. ..... :
Fertilizer.................................
Spray and dust............... ............ :
Cultural labor............ ............. ...:
Machine hire................................. :
Gas, oil and grease.......................... :
Repair and maintenance.......................:
Depreciation ........................ .......:
Licenses and insurance.......................:
Interest on production capital (6% 4 mos.)..:
Interest on capital invested (other than land):
Miscellaneous expense.. ........... .........:
Total growing cost...........................
Harvesting and marketing costs:

Picking expense............................... :
Grading and packing expense...................:
Containers.................................. .:
Hauling.......... .......................
Selling .......................................:
Total harvesting and marketing cost.............:
Total crop cost...............................:

4
661
165
173

Acre
15.65
7.36
71.92
27.94
51.31
10.06
11.89
19.77
19.36
6.60
4.65
1.93
9.80
258.24

64.09
71.31
79.22
24.80
22.88
262.30
520.54

Crop sales ....................................: 571.59
Net return..................................... :$ 51.05

Average per
Acre
:$ 17.49
S 15.51
S 57.35
S 37.94
S 62.44
S 5.15
: 15.34
30.57
: 29.70
S 10.07
5.22
2.97
S 8.98
298.73

76.30
87.43
87.21
S33.87
S30.30
:315.11
; 613.84
: 638.16
:$ 24.32

1970-71 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (bushels)..... .............. ..................... 108 208
Total growing cost.......................... .. .... $ 255.25 :$342.70
Total harvesting and marketing cost........................ : 255.17 : 351.52
Total crop cost.................................. ........: 543.42 : 686.44
Crop sales..............................................,. : 440.37 : 863.20
Net return............................................... :$-246.07 :$202.97

Reported by 3 growers averaging $6.86 per acre.

Source: Grower records and estimates.

Bushel

1:

:$1.727

:.441
.505
.504
.196
.175
: 1.821
: 3.548
3.689
:$0.141

Squash; 22
Costs and Returns per acre in the Palm Beach-Broward Area
5-Season Average 1966-70 and 1970-71

: 5-Season :
Item : 5-Seasn 1970-71
: Average
Number of growers ................oe..........o: 6 5
Number of acres....... .................... : 219 115
Average acres per grower .......................: 36 :23
Average yield per acre (bushels)................: 127 129
Growing costs: Average per
Acre Acre Bushel
Land rent...................................$ 37.96 :$ 28.13
Seed..........................................: 7.18 10.26
Fertilizer.................................. .:. 52.47 : 49.60
Spray and dust..................... .00....... : 39.06 : 42.13
Cultural labor ................................: 51.25 : 74.46
Machine hire...............................: 16.63 : 16.18
Gas, oil and grease..........................: 14.88 : 10.75
Repair and maintenance.......................: 21.50 17.14
Depreciation .................................: 17.03 : 10.92
Licenses and insurance.....................: 12.52 : 9.92
Interest on production capital (6% 4 mos.)..: 5.22 : 5.50
Interest on capital invested (other than land): 1.70 : 1.09
Miscellaneous expense.......................: 7.78 : 16.50
Total growing cost.............................:. 285.18 :292.58 :$2.268
Harvesting and marketing costs:
Picking and packing expense.................. : 123.56 :143.70 : 1.114
Containers .... ............................... : 87.04 : 92.68 :.718
Hauling............ .........................: 19.13 22.62 : .175
Selling ...................................... : 23.81 : 26.77 : .208
Total harvesting and marketing cost.............: 253.54 :285.77 : 2.215
Total crop cost..................o.............: 538.72 :578.35 : 4.483
Crop sales.................................: 699.22 646.70 : 5.013
Net return..................... ..... ... ....... :$160.50 :$ 68.35 :$0.530

1970-71 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (bushels).......................................... 24 200
Total growing cost......................................... :$ 190.07 :$ 473.79
Total harvesting and marketing cost.......................: 55.68 : 464.00
Total crop cost ..........................................o: 245.75 :718.75
Crop sales.............. ...... .... ... ............. ......... : 168.20 : 1200.00
Net return..............................................:$-405.63 :$ 481.25

Source: Grower records and estimates.

TomaLues Z3
Costs and Returns per acre in the Dade County Area
5-Season Average 1966-70 and 1970-71

: 5-Season :-71
Itm Avera1970-71
: Average :

Number of growers ...............................:
Number of acres .................. .............. :
Average acres per grower........................:
Average yield per acre (40 lb.) .................:
Growing costs:

Land rent .......... ......... .... .. .... 0.:
Seed..........................................:
Fertilizer ....... ..o ............. ...... 0.0. 0:
Spray and dust........0 ....................:
Cultural labor............ ................:
Machine hire......... o.................:
Gas, oil and grease...........................
Repair and maintenance ............ ... .....:
Depreciation.................................:
Licenses and insurance........................:
Interest on production capital (6% 5 mos.)..:
Interest on capital invested (other than land):
Miscellaneous expense.........................:
Total growing cost............................:
Harvesting and marketing costs:

8
8862
1108
229
Ave
Acre
$ 38.87
6.34
130.58
88.80
100.42
15.93
19.24
32.68
20.79
13.35
11.38
2.08
8.92
489.38

Picking expense..................... ......: 130.00
Grading and packing expense..................... 128.61.
Containers............................ 0 .......: 86.45
Hauling.....................................: 25.32
Selling............ ................... ........ : 30.76
Total harvesting and marketing cost............ 401.14
Total crop cost............................... : 890.52
Crop sales..................................... : 925.89
Net return.................................... :$ 35.37

7
7839
1120
300
a per
Acre 40 Ib.

:$ 36.25
S 9.10
154.38
108.52
140.99
S 26.64
S 25.90
S44.21
S 38.34
13.99
S 14.30
S 3.83
S 12.16
628.61

199.45
250.09
115.22
S 39.19
S 39.20
643.15
:1271.76
:1456.73
:$ 184.97

:$2.095

: .665
: .833
: .384
: .131
: .131
: 2.144
: 4.239
: 4.856
:$0.617

1970-71 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (40 b.)................ ............. ............ 190 362
Total growing cost......................................:$ 479.97 :$ 721.69
Total harvesting and marketing cost ......................: 336.30 :828.33
Total crop cost...........................................: 816.27 : 1515.72
Crop sales.........0..... ............ .,.................: 788.11 : 2067.45
Net return.. ...... .................. .................... :$ -28.16 :$ 551.73
,r ,

Source: Grower records and estimates.

r

Tomatoes 24
Costs and Returns per acre in the Ft. Pierce Area
5-Season Average 1966-70 and 1970-71

Item 5-Season :
: Average :

Number of growers ........ ....................:
Number of acres...................... ..,...o..:
Average acres per grower...................... :
Average yield per acre (40 lb.)................:
Growing costs:

Land rent ........... ......................... $
Seed........ ........ .................
Fertilizer...................,..o...........:
Spray and dust........ ......................
Cultural labor.................................
Machine hire................................
Gas, oil and grease.................. ......:
Repair and maintenance.......................:
Depreciation........... ...................
Licenses and insurance...................... :
Interest on production capital (6% 5 mos.).,:
Interest on capital invested (other than land):
Miscellaneous expense........................:
Total growing cost.......................
Harvesting and marketing costs:

Picking expense...............................
Grading and packing expense...................
Containers..................................... :
Hauling .......... .......... ................. :
Selling ..........*. ........ ........ ... ....... :
Total harvesting and marketing cost.............:

8
3218
402
253

18
4665
259
216

Average per
Acre Acre
12.00 :$ 12.35
7.91 : 24.44
106,43 :109.71
76.58 81.28
151.80 :152.90
70.71 99.67
24.53 30.48
39.35 : 49.11
22.53 : 28.62
10.35 : 11.19
12.74 : 14.84
2.26 : 2.86
9.87 : 22.50
547.06 639.95

157.22
125.73
85.75
37.77
31.09
437.56

Total crop cost............................,,:: 984.62
Crop sales................. ................... : 1041.54
Net return............... .... ......... ........ :$ 56.92

:202.97
:138.05
91.38
45.58
33.07
:511.05
: 1151.00
: 1165.27
:$ 14.27

1970-71 Range per Acre
From To
Yield ( 40 lb.) ... .......** ..........................: 119 : 298
Total growing cost .................... ... .......:$ 441.05 :$ 847.17
Total harvesting and marketing cost .......,.............: 240.38 : 751.91
Total crop cost..........,.................... ......... : 745.16 : 1534.77
Crop sales......... ...... .................... .......: 556.08 : 2388.85
Net return.,...................... .... ... .......:$-443.64 :$1039.01

Source: Grower records and estimates.

40 lb.

:$2.963

.940
.639
.423
.211
.153
'2.366
5.329
5.395
:$0.066

Tomatoes 25
Costs and Returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee Area
5-Season Average 1966-70 and 1970-71

: 5-Season :
Item Average 1970-71
_________4"" 1________________ Average : ______

Number of growers .............................* :
Number of acres ............. ... ....o ....... .o
Average acres per grower ......................:
Average yield per acre (40 lb.).................:
Growing costs:

Land rent................. ............ ....... :$
Seed........................................* :
Fertilizer..................................
Spray and dust ...........................:
Cultural labor ...............................:
Machine hire.................................:
Gas, oil and grease.......................:
Repair and maintenance.......................
Depreciation ............... ........... ......
Licenses and insurance ........................:
Interest on production capital (6% 5 mos.)..:
Interest on capital invested (other than land):
Miscellaneous expense.........................
Total growing cost............................:
Harvesting and marketing costs:
Picking expense....... .................. :
Grading and packing expense..................:
Containers. ........... .............. ....... .:
Hauling ...... ... .... .................. ... :
Selling h .................... ........ .......
Total harvesting and marketing cost............ :

16
3471
217
247

16
2337
146
296

Average per
Acre Acre
15.23 :$ 17.93
8.72 : 15.53
104.44 : 131.83
77.89 94.28
128.69 : 145.77
41.02 : 67.05
23.82 28.67
37.87 : 45.87
28.39 : 33.62
8.95 : 7.86
11.53 : 14.34
2.84 : 3.36
14.47 : 18.81
503.86 :624.92

160.24
155.22
90.86
37.70
32.34
476.36

Total crop cost.... .........................: 980.22
Crop sales................................ ..... : 1071.12
Net return ...................................:$ 90.90

:257.08
:222.42
:126.10
49.98
51.62
707.20
S1332.12
:1413.43
:$ 81.31

1970-71 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (40 lb.)............................. ..........: 133 50
Total growing cost......................................... :$ 426.74 :$ 832.12
Total harvesting and marketing cost..................... 305.90 : 1175.00
Total crop cost.......................... ...............: 872.48 : 1704.03
Crop sales... .................. ...... ..... ....... : 581.07 : 2250.00
Net return .................................. ............. :$ 59.05 :$ 642.89

1Reported by 15 growers averaging $71.52 per acre.

Source: Grower records and estimates.

.t-I' -~nrs-~nl- m-ri-*r lpalr Lrranr ,., ~ _~~~

40 lb.

1:

:$2.111

.869
.751
: 426
.169
.174
:2.389
4.500
4.775
:$0,275

Staked Tomatoes 26
Costs and Returns per acre in the East Coast Area
5-Season Average 1966-70 and 1970-71

: 5-Season :
Item :Average 1970-71
: Average

Number of growers.. ...................o...:
Number of acres.o............o...o 0S.......ooo..:
Average acres per grower.......... ...............
Average yield per acre (40 lb.)....... .........:
Growing costs:

Land rent...................................:$
SeedO ... ......... .oo. ....... oo.. ....0. .....
Fertilizer................ ....................
Spray and dust..............................
Cultural labor..... .........................:
Machine hire ..............................
Gas, oil and grease..........................:
Repair and maintenance........................:
Depreciation...................................:
Licenses and insurance........................:
Interest on production capital (6% 5 mos.)..:
Interest on capital invested (other than land):
Miscellaneous expense.........................:
Total growing cost...........................o. :
Harvesting and marketing costs:
Picking expense...............................:
Grading and packing expense...................:
Containers..........o.o......o..o.o............:
Hauling...... 0....... .................. ..... .. :
Selling....... .......0.....0.........0.......0:
Total harvesting and marketing cost............:
Total crop cost ...................... .........0:

Crop sales.

0...00.. ...... ...... .................

Net return........ ..... 0.......... ...... ...0 :

13
2303
177
74C

Acre
76.8
15.(
292.2
206.5
1082.1
84.:
45.3
82.2
49.
52.7
50.,
4.9
96.1
2139.1

8
2163
270
879

Average per
S Acre
38 :$ 77.52
)3 39.35
23 : 243.68
7 : 215.60
.0 : 834.06
1 : 126.63
1 : 56.52
7 :114.28
8 : 78.35
75 36.76
34 47.79
8 : 7.84
.0 : 167.30
15 : 2045.68

561.63 :903.05
620.77 : 516.18
423.58 : 362.02
86.79 : 166.53
146.46 : 197.38
1839.23 : 2145.16
3978.38 : 4190.84
4372.98 : 5415.72
394.60 :$1224.88

40 lb.

:$2.327

: 1.027
S.587
:.412
:.190
:.225
: ,2.441
: 4.768
: 6.161
:$1.393

1970-71 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (40 Ib.) ........................ ..................: 306 : 1533
Total growing cost .... o ................................ :$1274.95 :$2822.81
Total harvesting and marketing cost........................: 705.40 : 3985.80
Total crop cost.................................... ...... : 1980.35 : 6406.27
Crop sales ...o.......................................... ..: 1876.71 : 8065.00
Net return.................................... o..........:$-203.31 :$1770.00

Source: Grower records and estimates.

7
i

:

Staked Tomatoes 27
Costs and Returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee Area
5-Season Average 1966-70 and 1970-71
: 5-Season : 10-
Item: Averae : 197071

Number of growers......... ..... .........o..o...
Number of acres .......... ......................:
Average acres per grower........................:
Average yield per acre (40 lb.)................:
Growing costs:

Land rent............. ...................... :$
Seed............. ... ... ...... ........
Fertilizer................ ....... ...... ....
Spray and dust...........0............ .....:
Cultural labor..........i...............o..;
Machine hire................................:
Gas, oil and grease......ooo................:
Repair and maintenance ......................0..:
Depreciation.................................
Licenses and insurance........................:
Interest on production capital (6% 5 mos.)..:
Interest on capital invested (other than land):
Miscellaneous expense*....................... :
Total growing cost.............................
Harvesting and marketing costs:

Picking expense...... .. .......................
Grading and packing expense..................:.
Containers.o ............. ............0.0.0 :
Hauling........................... ............
Selling ............ .. ..... ........... ....... :
Total harvesting and marketing cost.............:
Total crop cost....... .......................... :

4
1380
345
494

Acre
34.3
12.C
189.9
162.2
588.7
105.7
46.7
102.3
88.C
34.8
35.2
8.8
133.9
1542.9

436.38
507.10
281.10
73.56
114.64
1412.78
2955.74

Crop sales ........................................ : 2948.42
Net return.......... ...........................:$ -7.32

8
1286
143
558

Average per
Acre

0 :$ 30.65
1 : 44.77
17 : 219.38
1 : 202.55
'9 : 491.59
'4 : 59.86
7 : 65.46
0 : 91.49
)6 57.75
3 : 39.52
7 : 33.70
81 : 5.77
0 : 102.77
6 : 1445.26

:631.47
:490.94
:234.73
: 100.06
96.31
: 1553.51
: 2998.77
: 3605.22
:$ 606.45

1970-71 Range per Acre
From To

Yield (40 lb.) ....... ..................................... 229 : 756
Total growing cost.... ............ ......... ......:$ 859.48 :$2349.23
Total harvesting and marketing cost.......................: 652.65 : 2230.20
Total crop cost................................... ..........: 1512.13 : 4279.23
Crop sales.............................................. o... : 1316.75 : 5839.46
Net return............................................... :$-195.38 :$1560.53

Reported by 5 growers averaging $107.74 per acre.

Source: Grower records and estimates.

40 lb.

:$2.590

: 1.132
S.880
:.421
:.179
S.172
:12.784
: 5.374
: 6.461
:$1.087

Staked Tomatoes 28
Costs and Returns per acre in the Manatee-Ruskin Area
5-Season Average 1966-70 and 1970-71

: 5-Season :
Item : Average : 1970-71

Number of growers........o................*... :
Number of acres.............................
Average acres per grower.......................:
Average yield per acre (40 lb.)..........oo...:
Growing costs:

Land rent ......................................:$
Seed....o.. .... ...... ........... .......... ...:
Fertilizer.... .............................
Spray and dust.............................:
Cultural labor....................... .........
Machine hire..................................
Gas, oil and grease...........................
Repair and maintenance .........................
Depreciation ...................................:
Licenses and insurance.......................
Interest on production capital (6% 5 mos.).:
Interest on capital invested (other than land):
Miscellaneous expense..........................
Total growing cost.. ............. ..............
Harvesting and marketing costs:

Picking expense................................
Grading and packing expense..................:
Containers .................. .... ...... .......o:
Hauling.......... ...... ... .. .................:
Selling......... ...... ......... 0....... :
Total harvesting and marketing cost.............:
Total crop cost.t........ ..................... :
Crop sales....... ................. .............. :

12
2030
169
513

11
2140
195
365

Average per

Acre
35.33
10.79
157.63
91.48
283.90
20.82
37.55
44.58
57.02
30.58
19.03
5.70
48.43
842.84

222.88
385.05
183.06
44.08
55.45
890.52
1733.36
1958.36

Net return...................................:$ 225.00

Acre 40 lb.

:$ 30.74
34.33
154.67
86.05
315.33
17.77
43.69
60.89
48.42
42.01
20.86
4.84
48.80
908.40

224.72
383.75
154.73
47.51
55.46
866.17
: 1774.57
: 2228.12
:$ 453.55

:$2.489

:.616
: 1.051
: .424
: .130
:.152
:'2.373
: 4.862
: 6.104
:$1.242

1970-71 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (40 Ib).................... .......................... : 191 490
Total growing cost........................................ :$ 577.63 :$1266.67
Total harvesting and marketing cost........................: 464.00 : 1174.11
Total crop cost............................................ : 1331.30 : 2408.42
Crop sales.............. ................................... : 1222.02 : 3380.41
Net return .............. ........o ........... ..............:$-283.31 :$1075.42

Source: Grower records and estimates.

Watermelons 29
Costs and Returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee Area
5-Season Average 1966-70 and 1970-71

Item : 5-Season 1970-71
: Average

Number of growers ...........o....o.o...o.........:
Number of growers......................... ..:

Average acres per grower.......................:
Average yield per acre (cwt.)...................:
Growing costs:

Land rent ....................................:$
Seedo.o.. ............o ... ......... ........ .....
Fertilizer.....o...........................:
Spray and dust....o..........................:
Cultural labor........................0....
Machine hire...............................:
Gas, oil and grease.........................:.
Repair and maintenance......................
Depreciation.................. ...............
Licenses and insurance.....................o..:
Interest on production capital (67. 5 mos.)..:
Interest on capital invested (other than land):
Miscellaneous expense..... .................:
Total growing cost.. ..........................
Harvesting and marketing costs:

13
2296
177
179

Average per
Acre Acre

16.01
5.43
104.88
63.50
102.69
28.84
16.66
27.26
24.57
7.98
9.62
2.46
11.57
421.47

Cutting expense......................... 30.47
Grading and packing expense ................. 24.04
Containers...................................: 6.29
Hauling...... ............ ....... .... .......... 54.05
Selling .......... .......................... : 44.42
Total harvesting and marketing cost............. 159.27
Total crop cost.................................: 580.74
Crop sales......................................: 478.82
Net return....................................:$-101.92

:$ 13.89
12.67
96.99
67.52
87.12
21.32
11.13
31.20
27.43
8.80
9.07
2.74
12.13
402.01

59.58
55.08
24.70
105.54
69.12
314.02
716.03
784.69
68.66

1970-71 Range per Acre
From To
Yield (cwt.) ......... ....... ...................... ...: 175 327
Total growing cost............. .............................:$ 296.42 :$ 538.37
Total harvesting and marketing cost......................: 175.00 : 471.73
Total crop cost................ ....... ............: 615.59 :979.00
Crop sales.............. ................ ............ : 525.00 : 1147.46
Net return.............................. ... ... ....:$-188.37 :$ 311.50

Reported by 2 growers averaging $53.30 per acre.

Source: Grower records and estimates.

Agr. Econ. Exp. Sta., 1500

MnT.1 / h 9 /1 /79

5
809
162
260

Cwt.

1:

:$1.546

:.229
S.212
S.095
:.406
: 266
: ,1.208
: 2.754
: 3.018
:$0.264

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	Front Cover
	Table of Contents
	Map
	Foreword
	Acknowledgements
	Definitions
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