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2"Timothy G. Taylor Gary H. Wilkowske Costs Crops Economic Information Report 186 and Returns from Vegetable in Florida, Season 1981-82 with Comparisons HLjME LIBRARY JAN 21 i 194 Food and Resource Economics Department Agricultural Experiment Stations Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Unveraity of Florida, Gainesvills 32111 July 1983 F -3 ABSTRACT Costs and returns were estimated for 14 vegetable erops in one or more of nine major 'production areas for the 1981-82 season. For the first time strawberries in the Plant City area are reported. Of the 24 crop-area combinations, 11 crops were estimated to have incurred losses on average. Total per acre costs ranged from a low $636.50 per acre for Everglades radishes to $11,072.20 per acre for Plant City strawberries. Estimated net "returns ranged from $-766.29 per acre for Immokalee-Lee pe-pers to $1321.49 per acre for leaf crops in Central Florida. Keywords: vegetables, operating cost, harvesting and marketing cost, net return. FOREWORD This is the twenty-second annual summary of costs and returns for Florida vegetable crops. Although the cost items included in this summary are similar to previous summaries, the reporting format has been changed. Several items, including sample sizes, total acreage surveyed, average acres per grower and I statistical ranges, have been omitted primarily for reasons of confidentiality. As in past years, cost and returns estimates for each crop were obtained on the basis of data obtained from individual growers and statistical estima- tion. To increase accuracy in estimating yields and prices, considerable use was made of Florida Crop and Livestock Reporting Service data. The computa- tion of 5 year averages for all crops was achieved by estimating costs and returns for the 1979-80 season for those crops not included in the 1979-80 summary. These data are available on request from the authors. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to express appreciation to the many vegetable growers for their cooperation in supplying the basic data utilized in preparing the report. In addition, various county agents, the Florida Fruit and Vegetable Association, the Florida Tomato Committee and the Florida Crop and Livestock Reporting Service provided invaluable assistance. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT, FOREWORD AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.............................. i MAP OF FLORIDA VEGETABLE PRODUCING AREAS............................ iv DEFINITIONS ........................................................... v LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Summary of estimated per acre costs and returns for selected Florida vegetables, 1981-82.................... 1 2 SNAP BEANS: Costs and returns per acre in the Palm Beach-Broward area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82..... 2 3 CABBAGE: Costs and returns per acre in the Hastings area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82................... 3 4 CELERY: Costs and returns per acre in the Central Florida area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82.......... 4 5 CELERY: Costs and returns per acre in the Everglades area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82................... 5 6 SWEET CORN: Costs and returns per acre in the Central Florida area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82........... 6 7 SWEET CORN: Costs and returns per acre in the Everglades area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82................... 7 8 SWEET CORN: Costs and returns per acre in the lower East Coast area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82........ 8 9 CUCUMBERS: Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82..... 9 10 EGGPLANT: Costs and returns per acre in the Palm Beach- Broward area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82........... 10 11 LEAF CROPS: Costs and returns per acre in the Central Florida area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82........... 11 12 LEAF CROPS: Costs and returns per acre in the Everglades area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82................... 12 LIST OF TABLES--Continued Table Page 13 PEPPERS: Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee- Lee area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82............... 13 14 PEPPERS: Costs and returns per acre in the Palm Beach- Broward area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82........... 14 15 IRISH POTATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the Dade County area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82............ 15 16 IRISH POTATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the Hastings area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82.......... 16 17 RADISHES: Costs and returns per acre in the Everglades area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82.................... 17 18 SQUASH: Costs and returns per acre in the Dade County area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82................... 18 19 SQUASH: Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee- Lee area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82............... 19 20 SQUASH: Costs and returns per acre in the Palm Beach- Broward area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82........... 20 21 STRAWBERRIES: Costs and returns per acre in the Plant City area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82.............. 21 22 TOMATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the Dade County area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82.................... 22 23 STAKED TOMATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82..... 23 24 STAKED TOMATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the Manatee-Ruskin area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82.... 24 25 WATERMELONS: Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee- Lee area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82............... 25 potatoes, squash, cucumbeers strawberries 2 Palm Bcach-Broward--snap beans, peppers, 4 Everglades--snap beans, sweet corn, cabbage, I 5 Fort Pierce--tomatoes, watermelons watermelons '" I:. 4 / 9 Plant City--strawberries, peppers, squash, pole 3--. beans, southern peas, CLoka watermelons/ t LEI16 FLO R I DA 14 VEGETABLE PRODUCING AREAS r 13 With Principal Vegetables Produced saoe\ 12t 1 Dadc--tomatoes, snap and pole beans,-Irish potatoes, squash, cucumbers, strawberries " 2 Palm B iech-Broward--snap beans, peppers, l Ne10 eggplant, cucumbers, squash, tomatoes pi "2' 3 Immokalee-Lee-tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, squash, Irish potatoes, watermelons 4 Everglades--snap beans, sweet corn, cabbage, w9 escarole, celery, Irish potatoes, radishes .-No a- 5 Fort Pierce--tomatoes, watermelons 5 6 Wauchula--cucumbers, tomatoes, watermelons, I h pa 7 Sarasota--celery, radishes, lettuce, cabbage 6 \ -r 8 Manatee-Ruskin--tomatoes, cabbage, cauliflower,7 ^O watermelons 4 9 Plant City-strawberries, peppers, squash, pole rE ,3ri beans, southern peas, okra ^ 10 Sumer--cucunbers, tomatoes, peppers, lettuce, t tomatoes watermelons potatoes 11 Zellwood--sweet corn, celery, escarole, lettuce, 2 snap beans, radishes 3 12 Sanford-Oviedo--cabbage, celery, snap beans, lettuce, ,_ 1 escarole, sweet corn, peppers / 13 Oxford-Belleview-Lowell--tomatoes, watermelons. 14 McIntoch-Island Grove--squash, snap beans, celery, cabbage, lettuce, watermelons 15 Alachua--snap beans, cucumbers, peppers, Irish potatoes,,,. watermelons 16 Hastings--Irish potatoes, cabbage MoP 17 Starke-Brooker-Lake Butler--snap and lima beans, ./ cucumbers, peppers-, squash, strawberries 18 Quincy-Havana--pole beans, cucumbers, squash, tomatoes 19 Escambia--Irish potatoes other production costs where records had not been kept showing the respective charges to different crops. Prorations were also made to these items on the basis of available data (D.L. Brooke, Fla. Agri. Exp. Sta. Bul. 660, June 1973). In many cases individual growers did not incur every cost item. This applies especially to airplane application, machine hire, grading and packing, containers, hauling and precooling. Thus, these data are based only on the overall average for all growers contacted in each area. Per-unit costs and returns were computed by dividing the average yield per acre in the sample into the various items of cost shown in the individual tables. They are merely averages of the data recorded and, in some cases, do not reflect the full cost of performing the service because all growers may not have incurred every item of cost. Table 1. Summary of estimated per acre costs and Vegetables, 1981-82 returns for selected Florida Preharvest Harvest and Total Total Net Crop Area marketing cost m et costs receipts return costs Snap beans 2 $ 701.95 $ 306.28 $1,008.23 $ 851.16 $-157.07 Cabbage 16 874.86 957.81 1,832.67 2,386.25 553.28 Celery 11 1,833.25 1,742.00 3,575.25 4,363.86 788.61 Celery 4 2,475.92 1,553.18 4,029,10 3,400.44 -628.66 Sweet corn 11 820.06 677.44 1,497.50 1,661.61 164.11 Sweet corn 4 565.24 637.26 1,202.50 1,122.68 -79.82 Sweet corn 2 972.34 549.68 1,522.02 1,385.65 -136.37 Cucumbers 3 1,150.76 1,110.80 2,261.56 1,956.04 -305.52 Eggplant 2 2,470.47 1,490.36 3,960.83 3,765.86 -194.97 Leaf 11 954.95 1,410.92 2,365,87 3,687.36 1,321.49 Leaf 4 1,456.80 1,330.12 2,786.92 3,251.93 465.01 Peppers 3 2,/06.36 1,268.53 3,574.89 2,808.60 -766.29 Peppers 2 2,975.36 1,426.49 4,401.85 3,891.96 -509.89 Potatoes 1 1,444.04 383.32 1,827.36 2,524.34 696.98 Potatoes 16 1,003.59 395.43 1,399.02 1,824.00 424.98 Radishes 4 304.69 331.81 636.50 798.75 162.25 Squash 1 841.58 599.70 1,441.28 1,569.78 128.50 Squash 3 739.72 782.02 1,521.74 1,782.96 261.22 Squash 2 692.12 455.21 1,147.33 1,627.92 408.59 Strawberries 9 4,127.08 6,945.12 11,072.20 11,377.52 305.32 Tomatoes 1 2,458.19 3,499.53 5,957.72 6,328.30 370.58 Tomatoes 3 2,774.32 3,070.97 5,845.29 5,753.00 -92.29 Tomatoes 8 2,449.99 4,266.92 6,716.91 6,840.75 123.84 Watermelons 3 1,333.63 418.73 1,752.36 1,449.00 -303.36 Table 2. SNAP BEANS: Costs and returns per acre in the Palm Beach-Broward area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82 1977-81 1981-82 Season average per Category Acre Acre Bushel Yield (bushels) 76 82 Total receipts.....................,..... Operating costs Seed .................................. Fertilizer............................. Spray and dust......................... Cultural labor......................... Machine hire.......................... Gas, oil, grease....................... Repair and maintenanceo.............. Interest on production capital (17% 4 months)............. Miscellaneous expense.................. Total operating costs.................... Fixed costs Land rent.............................. Depreciation........................... Licenses and insurance.................. Interest on investment................. Total fixed costs........................ Harvesting and marketing costs Picking and packing.................... Containers............................. Hauling............ .................... Selling............ .................... Total harvesting and marketing costs..... Total costs.............................. Net return............................... $556.97 $851.16 $10.380 35.38 55.55 48.58 74.66 9.61 19.21 26.02 11.82 12.99 293.82 49.60 13.55 16.25 2.00 81.40 85.08 58.50 12.99 16.79 173.36 548.58 8.39 72.47 80.37 78.41 85.44 8.29 45.99 55.63 34.53 19.57 480.70 141.92 50.92 21.20 7.21 221.25 139.17 101.01 25.20 40.90 306.28 1008.23 -157.07 5.862 2.698 1.697 1.232 0.307 0.499 3.735 12.295 -1.915 Table 3 CABBAGE: Costs and returns per acre in the Hastings area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82 1977-81 1981-82 Season average per Category Acre Acre 50 lb. Yield (50 lbs.) 433 415 Total receipts........................... Operating costs Seed............................... . Fertilizer ...... .... ................... Spray and dust......................... Cultural labor........................ Machine hire........................... Gas, oil, grease...... ................ Repair and maintenance................. Interest on production capital (17% 4 months).............. Miscellaneous expense.................. Total operating costs.................... Fixed costs Land rent.............................. Depreciation.. ......................... Licenses and insurance ................ Interest on investment................. Total fixed costs..... .................... Harvesting and marketing costs Cutting and packing.................... Containers... .................. ........ Hauling .............. .................. Selling ................................ Total harvesting and marketing costs .... Total costs.............................. Net return............................... $1742.72 $2386.25 74.10 113.51 80.65 165.64 5.93 49.52 64.85 22.14 8.28 584.62 43.11 51.20 41.99 7.97 144.27 224.91 385.41 116.87 727.19 1456.08 286.64 80.08 114.55 83.27 219.35 27.50 53.91 42.27 40.78 16.36 678.07 60.00 36.59 95.06 5.14 196.79 348.18 474.22 10.91 124.50 957.81 1832.67 553.58 $5.750 1.634 0.474 0.839 1.143 0.026 0.300 2.308 4.416 1.334 - --- -I Table 4. CELERY: Costs and returns per acre in the Central Florida area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82 1977-81 1981-82 Season average per Category Acre Acre Crate Yield (crates) 421 566 Total receipts............ ............. $3529.81 $4363.86 $7.710 Operating costs.......*...... ..*..... *... Seed................................... 114.75 99.08 Fertilizer.................. ......... .. 161.17 198.13 Spray and dust......................... 169.82 180.24 Cultural labor.......................... 362.29 380.49 Machine hire............................. 21.84 65.48 Gas, oil, grease......,................ 41.69 55.30 Repair and maintenance................. 97.85 237.16 Interest on production capital (17% 5 months)............. 50.48 118.75 Miscellaneous expense.................. 88.71 267.73 Total operating costs.................... 1108.60 1602.36 2.831 Fixed costs Land rent.............................. 49.33 99.36 Depreciation........*................* 41.15 54.02 Licenses and insurance................. 80.40 93.60 Interest on investment................. 6.90 7.65 Total fixed costs........*........*..... 177.78 254.63 .450 Harvesting and marketing costs Cutting and packing................... 841.72 842.59 1.489 Containers........ ....... ........*..** 423.83 513.48 .907 Hauling.......*....**........*......... 78.12 83.33 .147 Other.........*.......*...... ......... 175.82 190.38 .336 Selling ................*.........*.... 107.44 112.22 .198 Total harvesting and marketing costs.... 1626.93 1742.00 3.077 Total costs.............................. 2913.31 3598.99 6.359 Net return......*....... ................ 616.50 764.87 1.351 Table 5. CELERY: Costs and returns per acre in the Everglades area, 5-season average 177-81 and 1981-82 1977-81 1981-82 Season average per Category Acre Acre Crate Yield (crates) 597 516 Total receipts..................... ..... $3827.00 $3400.44 $6.590 Operating costs Seed................................... 105.64 121.77 Fertilizer.............. .......... ..... 160.22 287.84 Spray and dust........................ 396.27 390.00 Cultural labor....................... .... 464.66 646.09 Machine hire........................... 28.95 41.44 Gas, oil, grease...... ................ 62.55 117.28 Repair and maintenance................. 145.48 178.47 Interest on production capital (17% 5 months)............. 66.73 160.13 Miscellaneous expense.................. 70.26 103.25 Total operating costs.................... 1500.76 2046.27 3.966 Fixed costs Land rent.............................. 84.58 215.15 Depreciation......................... 68.92 76.42 Licenses and insurance................. 78.08 159.28 Interest on investment................ 11.69 10.83 Total fixed costs.... ................... 243.27 461.68 0.895 Harvesting and marketing costs Cutting and packing.................... 724.33 633.12 1.227 Containers............................ 539.86 459.83 0.891 Hauling................................ 103.32 133.42 0.259 Other................................... 292.86 197.31 0.382 Selling......... .... ............... ..... 111.35 129.50 0.251 Total harvesting and marketing costs..... 1771.72 1553.18 3.010 Total costs.............................. 3515.75 4061.13 7.870 Net return.............................. 311.25 -660.69 -1.280 Table 6. SWEET CORN: Costs and returns per acre in the Central Florida area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82 1977-81 1981-82 Season average per Category Acre Acre Crate Yield (crates) 307 291 Total receipts......................... Operating costs Seed................................... Fertilizer.....*................ ........ Spray and dust....................... Cultural labor......................... Machine hire........................... Gas, oil, grease..................... Repair and maintenance................. Interest on production capital (17% 4 months)............. Miscellaneous expense.................. Total operating costs.................... Fixed costs Land rent.................*.......*... Depreciation........*.................. Licenses and insurance................. Interest on investment.........*....... Total fixed costs........................ Harvesting and marketing costs Picking and packing................... Containers...................* ...*.**** Hauling..*......................******* Other.................*........******** Selling ....... ..... ..*.... ............. Total harvesting and marketing cost...... Total costs...............*....********** Net return........... ....... -.. ..... .**** $1177.11 $1661.61 21.91 60.57 103.63 54.63 13.87 22.24 62.57 16.33 40.54 396.29 46.87 22.91 31.05 3.93 104.76 210.13 251.49 36.72 108.05 59.57 665.96 1167.01 10.10 21.91 79.60 161.98 43.24 17.99 37.47 106.90 42.77 153.76 665.62 88.47 19.76 43.41 2.80 154.44 215.53 291.41 29.39 87.37 53.74 677.44 1497.50 164.11 $5.710 2.287 0.531 0.741 1.001 0.101 0.300 0.185 2.328 5.146 0.564 Table 7. SWEET CORN: Costs and return per acre in the Everglades area, 5- season average 1977-81 and 1981-82 1977-81 1981-82 Season average per Category Acre Acre Crate Yield (crates) 190 221 Total receipts.......................... Operating costs Seed. ............... ....... ........... Fertilizer.................. ...... ... Spray and dust......................... Cultural labor......................... Machine hire........................... Gas, oil, grease...... ................ Repair and maintenance................. Interest on production capital (17% 4 months)............ Miscellaneous expense................. Total operating costs.................. Fixed costs Land rent.............................. Depreciation............................ Licenses and insurance ................ Interest on investment................. Total fixed costs.... .................... Harvesting and marketing costs Picking and packing................... Containers. ....... .................... Hauling ....... ........ ....... .......... Other .... ........... ............ ..... Selling ............. .................... Total harvesting and marketing costs..... Total costs.............................. Net return............................... $784.28 $1122.68 20.98 45.20 94.93 59.52 21.26 20.29 39.56 13.51 16.85 332.10 54.76 25.19 25.24 4.37 109.56 165.12 168.91 34.05 93.07 35.81 496.96 938.62 $5.080 31.45 48.56 154.55 50.75 26.96 17.30 43.17 27.32 23.31 423.37 60.76 50.05 25.22 5.84 141.87 224.07 228.18 53.31 83.94 47.76 637.26 1202.50 1.916 0.642 1.014 1.032 0.241 0.380 0.216 2.883 5.441 -153.34 -79.82 -0.361 - 8 Table 8. SWEET CORN: Costs and returns per acre in the Lower East Coast area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82 1977-81 1981-82 Season average per Category Acre Acre Crate Yield (crates) 175 185 Total receipts........................... Operating costs Seed................................... Fertilizer ............................. Spray and dust......................... Cultural labor......................... Machine hire........................... Gas, oil, grease....................... Repair and maintenance................. Interest on production capital (17% 4 months).............. Miscellaneous expense.................. Total operating costs.................... Fixed costs Land rent.............................. Depreciation........................ Licenses and insurance................. Interest on investment................. Total fixed costs........................ Harvesting and marketing costs Picking and packing.................... Containers............................. Hauling............. .................. Other. ............. ................... Selling ................................ Total harvesting and marketing costs..... Total costs.............................. Net return.,............................. $905.49 $1385.65 28.07 112.23 101.27 72.03 17.12 26.00 39.07 17.16 18.01 430.96 66.67 23.56 25.71 4.29 120.23 113.13 133.93 33.18 97.78 30.01 408.03 959.22 -53.73 22.47 152.26 222.58 66.13 33.31 78.75 100.16 50.53 27.33 753.52 131.88 26.33 56.88 3.73 218.82 158.25 202.45 12.73 144.11 32.14 549.68 1522.02 -136.37 $7.490 4.073 1.183 0.855 1.094 0.069 0.779 0.174 2.971 8.227 0.737 I I ~ Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee area, 5- season average 1977-81 and 1981-82 1977-81 1981-82 Season average per Category Acre Acre Bushel Yield (bushels) 291 316 Total receipts........................... Operating costs Seed .............. .. .................. Fertilizer ............................. Spray and dust......................... Cultural labor........................ Machine hire............... .......... Gas, oil, grease...... ........... .... Repair and maintenance................. Interest on production capital (17% 4 months)............. Miscellaneous expense.................. Total operating costs .................... Fixed costs Land rent............................. Depreciation ........................... Licenses and insurance................. Interest on investment................ Total fixed costs...................... Harvesting and marketing costs Picking .............................. Grading and packing.................... Containers................... ......... Hauling ........ ....... ................. Selling............ ...... ............. Total harvesting and marketing costs..... Total costs.............................. Net return............................... $2035.61 $1956.04 19.26 174.98 90.45 234.40 34.62 59.03 58.48 29.95 22.11 723.28 35.62 41.49 49.20 7.17 133.48 353.61 241.39 202.11 52.70 64.60 914.41 1771.17 264.44 27.06 284.13 139.81 214.84 44.81 83.40 69.45 50.59 29.29 943.38 77.90 55.97 65.58 7.93 207.38 445.80 263.12 239.85 55.43 106.60 1110.80 2261.56 -305.52 $6.190 2.985 0.656 1.411 0.833 0.759 0.175 0.337 3.515 7.157 -0.967 II-- - Table 9. CUCUMBERS: Table 10. EGGPLANT: Costs and returns per acre in the Palm Beach-Broward area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82 1977-81 1981-82 Season average per Category Acre Acre Bushel Yield (bushels) 742 727 Total receipts....................,..... $3274.28 $3765.86 $5.180 Operating costs Seed .......................*...** ..... 54.03 88.49 Fertilizer.. ................. ........ 277.36 421.74 Spray and dust......................... 250.75 281.24 Cultural labor ...................... 535.26 622.37 Machine hire......... ................. 44.70 37.13 Gas, oil, grease......*................ 94.77 112.37 Repair and maintenance................ 111.89 114.31 Interest on production capital (17% 5 months)............. 73.72 161.30 Miscellaneous expense. ...... ......... 196.80 291.97 Total operating costs.................... 1639.28 2130.92 2.931 Fixed costs Land rent................... .......*.. 79.36 190.00 Depreciation........................... 59.31 56.29 Licenses and insurance................. 97.88 117.55 Interest on investment................. 10.05 7.97 Total fixed costs ............... 0...... 246.60 371.81 0.511 Harvesting and marketing costs Picking and packing.................... 626.17 723.37 0.995 Containers....... .................. 487.26 458.01 0.630 Hauling.................. .. ............ 127.17 127.23 0.175 Selling..... ..... .............. ....... 177.56 181.75 0.250 Total harvesting and marketing costs..... 1418.16 1490.36 2.050 Total costs................ ...*** ........ 3304.04 3993.09 5.493 Net return................................. -29.76 -227.23 -0.313 11 Table 11. LEAF CROPS: Costs and returns per acre in the Central Florida area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82 1977-81 1981-82 Season average per Category Acre Acre Crate Yield (crates) 664 552 Total receipts........................... $2611.40 $3687.36 $6.680 Operating costs Seed................................. .. 114.01 90.42 Fertilizer............ ............ 59.52 71.87 Spray and dust........................ 70.00 75.17 Cultural labor ........................ 205.12 256.57 Machine hire........... ............ -- - Gas, oil, grease...................... 28.32 35.54 Repair and maintenance................. 83.69 106.52 Interest on production capital (17% 4 months)............. 24.55 48.76 Miscellaneous expense................. 58.40 56.64 Total operating costs.................... 643.61 741.49 1.343 Fixed costs Land rent.............................. 48.69 93.84 Depreciation.................... 37.66 40.04 Licenses and insurance................. 63.59 73.91 Interest on investment................ 6.41 5.67 Total fixed costs........................ 156.35 213.46 0.387 Harvesting and marketing costs Picking and packing.................... 274.37 397.44 0.720 Containers............................ 504.19 601.68 1.090 Hauling................................ 50.10 47.16 0.085 Other............... ................... 194.61 226.64 0.411 Selling................................ 81.73 138.00 0.250 Total harvesting and marketing costs..... 1105.00 1410.92 2.556 Total costs.............................. 1904.96 2365.87 4.286 Net return............................... 706.44 1321.49 2.394 Table 12. LEAF CROPS: Costs and returns per acre in the Everglades area, 5- season average 1977-81 and 1981-82 1977-81 1981-82 Season average per Category Acre Acre Crate Yield (crates) 456 517 Total receipts.......................... Operating costs Seed....... ..... .. .................... Fertilizer..... ... ..................... Spray and dust......................... Cultural labor........................ Machine hire........................... Gas, oil, grease....... ............... Repair and maintenance................. Interest on production capital (17% 4 months)............. Miscellaneous expense.................. Total operating costs.................... Fixed costs Land rent.............................. Depreciation..........* ....* ......*** &. Licenses and insurance................ Interest on investment..............*** Total fixed costs................ Harvesting and marketing costs Picking and packing.................... Containers.......*..................... Hauling......... ....... .... .. ...******** Other.................... ..... ....... Selling.................. ........* ...... Total harvesting and marketing costs..... Total costs..........................**** Net return..........**.....---........... $1997.48 $3251.93 18.36 106.01 97.77 221.45 33.92 28.40 53.40 23.03 27.92 611.16 64.48 30.76 31.56 5.04 131.84 296.80 347.17 77.19 211.60 88.01 1020.77 1763.77 233.71 29.44 195.80 190.84 306.36 53.95 70.70 137.70 75.38 60.36 1120.53 210.84 44.78 74.31 6.34 336.27 498.37 387.30 132.32 236.82 75.31 1330.12 2786.92 465.01 $6.290 2.167 0.650 0.964 0.749 0.256 0.458 0.146 2.573 5.391 0.899 Table 13. PEPPERS: Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82 1977-81 1981-82 Season average per Category Acre Acre Bushel Yield (bushels) 597 372 Total receipts........................... $3818.06 $2808.60 $7.550 Operating costs Seed................ ................... 57.80 103.12 Fertilizer ..... ..... .................. 277.91 316.72 Spray and dust......................... 304.26 317.82 Cultural labor......................... 474.91 431.52 Machine hire............................. 47.41 53.21 Gas, oil, grease...... ................ 118.38 165.81 Repair and maintenance................. 191.58 205.40 Interest on production capital (17% 5 months)............. 82.46 147.19 Miscellaneous expense.................. 286.11 292.47 Total operating costs.................... 1840.82 2033.26 5.466 Fixed costs Land rent.............................. 64.82 75.57 Depreciation......................... 81.77 96.87 Licenses and insurance................ 96.54 116.38 Interest on investment................. 13.80 13.72 Total fixed costs........................ 256.93 302.54 0.813 Harvesting and marketing costs Picking ............................... 450.58 369.62 0.994 Grading and packing.................... 554.39 418.46 1.125 Containers............................. 323.65 267.84 0.720 Hauling............................... 135.63 101.01 0.272 Selling................................. 126.24 111.60 0.300 Total harvesting and marketing costs..... 1590.49 1268.53 3.410 Total costs.............................. 3688.24 3604.33 9.689 Net return............................... 129.82 -795.73 -2.139 Table 14. PEPPERS: Costs and returns per acre in the Palm Beach-Broward area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82 1977-81 1981-82 Season average per Category Acre Acre Bushel Yield (bushels) 762 569 Total receipts........................... Operating costs Seed......................... .. ....... Fertilizer ............................. Spray and dust......................... Cultural labor.......................... Machine hire.......................... Gas, oil, grease...... 0.......... ...... Repair and maintenance................. Interest on production capital (17% 5 months)............. Miscellaneous expense.................. Total operating costs.................... Fixed costs Land rentio............................ Depreciation........................... Licenses and insurance................ Interest on investment................. Total fixed costs...... ....... .......... Harvesting and marketing costs Picking and packing.................... Containers................ ............ Hauling ................................ Selling ............ .... ..... ........... Total harvesting and marketing costs..... Total costs.......... ................... Net return.......... ..................... $4515.32 $3891.96 89.93 239.69 369.91 688.52 94.12 133.61 143.59 94.47 261.70 2115.54 84.17 72.52 160.85 11.81 329.35 700.54 389.13 143.68 177.52 1410.87 3855.76 659.56 149.58 289.40 290.32 831.56 162.11 123.66 298.45 191.83 307.50 2644.41 117.28 99.74 138.17 14.13 369.32 786.47 339.62 135.15 142.25 1426.49 4440.22 -548.26 $6.840 4.647 0.649 1.382 0.597 0.238 .250 2.507 7.804 -0.964 Table 15. IRISH POTATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the Dade County area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82 1977-81 1981-82 Season average per Category Acre Acre Cwt. Yield (cwt.) 153 182 Total receipts........................... $1434.88 $2524.34 $13.870 Operating costs Seed.................. ................. 245.02 296.25 Fertilizer ............................. 112.04 172.19 Spray and dust......................... 115.29 183.05 Cultural labor.................. ....... 109.29 207.07 Machine hire ........................... 12.23 8.81 Gas, oil, grease......a................ 36.78 88.43 Repair and maintenance................. 56.58 111.96 Interest on production capital (17% 4 months)............. 28.97 71.23 Miscellaneous expense.................. 22.57 14.13 Total operating costs.................... 738.77 1153.12 6.336 Fixed costs Land rent.............................. 79.92 121.61 Depreciation........................... 39.57 101.50 Licenses and insurance................. 58.51 53.43 Interest on investment................. 6.61 14.38 Total fixed costs........................ 184.61 290.92 1.598 Harvesting and marketing costs Digging................................ 34.22 37.51 0.206 Grading and packing.................... 174.00 183.12 1.006 Containers.............................. 54.06 77.66 0.427 Hauling........... ..................... 32.22 16.98 0.093 Selling................................ 45.32 68.05 0.374 Total harvesting and marketing costs..... 339.82 383.32 2.106 Total costs.............................. 1263.20 1827.36 10.040 Net return............................... 171.68 696.98 3.830 Table 16. IRISH POTATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the Hastings area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82 1977-81 1981-82 Season average per Category Acre Acre Cwt. Yield (cwt.) 222 240 Total receipts.....................,..... $1209.05 $1824.00 $7.600 Operating costs Seed.............. .... .. .... ............ 184.73 238.56 Fertilizer............ ................. 119.93 155.43 Spray and dust......................... 68.19 114.44 Cultural labor ........................ 74.60 87.44 Machine hire........................... 9.16 8.34 Gas, oil, grease......*................ 35.94 60.06 Repair and maintenance................. 60.23 75.95 Interest on production capital (17% 4 months)............. 22.35 50.01 Miscellaneous expense.................. 20.68 53.82 Total operating costs.................... 595.81 844.05 3.517 Fixed costs Land rent.............................. 48.15 46.99 Depreciation................... ...... 52.92 63.07 Licenses and insurance................. 33.46 41.44 Interest on investment................. 7.48 8.04 Total fixed costs........................ 142.01 159.54 0.665 Harvesting and marketing costs Digging ................ ............... 47.83 71.44 0.298 Grading and packing.................... 75.95 110.89 0.462 Containers .................. ....... 28.70 81.61 0.340 Hauling.......... .... .................. 44.27 60.15 0.251 Selling................................ 60.74 71.34 0.297 Total harvesting and marketing costs..... 257.49 395.43 1.648 Total costs............................. 995.31 1399.02 5.829 Net return............................... 213.74 424.98 1.771 Table 17. RADISHES: Costs and returns per acre in the Everglades area, 5- season average 1977-81 and 1981-82 1977-81 1981-82 Season average per Category Acre Acre 30-6 oz. Yield (30-6 oz.) 241 225 Total receipts....................,..... Operating costs Seed................................... Fertilizer.............................. Spray and dust.......................... Cultural labor.......................... Machine hire........................... Gas, oil, grease...... ................ Repair and maintenance................. Interest on production capital (17% 2 months)............. Miscellaneous expense.................. Total operating costs.................... Fixed costs Land rent............... .............. Depreciation........................... Licenses and insurance ................ Interest on investment................. Total fixed costs.. ...................... Harvesting and marketing costs Digging ................................ Grading and packing.................... Containers.. ....... ...................... Hauling................................. Other .............. ..... ................ Selling ................................ Total harvesting and marketing costs..... Total costs............................. Net return............................... $573.31 $798.75 19.36 22.79 20.37 38.35 3.56 13.18 28.18 3.29 7.86 156.94 21.74 10.94 13.04 1.82 47.54 23.92 122.26 95.01 16.05 5.19 30.69 293.12 497.60 75.71 23.74 23.09 32.78 39.32 8.04 32.84 54.54 8.20 15.53 238.08 31.09 11.79 28.60 3.34 74.82 40.20 94.90 107.44 23.20 21.06 45.01 331.81 644.71 154.04 $3.550 1.058 0.333 0.179 0.422 0.478 0.103 0.094 0.200 1.475 2.865 0.685 18 Table 18. SQUASH: Costs and returns per acre in the Dade County area, 5- season average 1977-81 and 1981-82 1977-81 1981-82 Season average per Category Acre Acre Bushel Yield (bushels) 154 162 Total receipts........................... $1257.68 $1569.78 $9.690 Operating costs Seed......... ....... ..... ..... ....... 78.08 108.86 Fertilizer ............... ............ 90.16 117.24 Spray and dust....................... 77.96 88.08 Cultural labor....................... 76.11 89.72 Machine hire........................... 19.17 16.05 Gas, oil, grease......,................ 39.83 56.69 Repair and maintenance................. 57.01 67.99 Interest on production capital (17% 4 months)............. 19.31 42.83 Miscellaneous expense .................. 19.18 31.34 Total operating costs.................... 476.81 618.80 3.820 Fixed costs Land rent............................. 62.94 121.61 Depreciation............................ 32.15 40.58 Licenses and insurance................. 47.28 58.29 Interest on investment................. 4.24 2.30 Total fixed costs.... ................... 146.61 222.78 1.375 Harvesting and marketing costs Picking and packing................. .... 283.50 351.57 2.170 Containers............................ 135.02 162.44 1.003 Hauling................................. 29.59 37.09 0.229 Selling....................... ....... ... 46.38 48.60 0.300 Total harvesting and marketing costs..... 494.49 599.70 3.702 Total costs.............................. 1117.91 1441.28 8.897 Net return............................... 139.77 128.50 0.793 Table 19. SQUASH: Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee area, 5- season average 1977-81 and 1981-82 1977-81 1981-82 Season average per Category Acre Acre Bushel Yield (bushels) 198 184 Total receipts.......................... $1596.43 $1782.96 $9.690 Operating costs Seed................................... 30.20 33.79 Fertilizer .......................... 141.29 173.16 Spray and dust......................... 66.71 77.50 Cultural labor......................... 107.06 127.03 Machine hire........................... 20.43 24.54 Gas, oil, grease...... ............... 44.64 63.25 Repair and maintenance................. 35.26 39.58 Interest on production capital (17% 4 months)............. 18.24 37.78 Miscellaneous expense.................. 17.51 26.42 Total operating costs.................... 481.34 603.05 3.277 Fixed costs Land rent.............................. 38.99 53.34 Depreciation.......................... 29.01 30.89 Licenses and insurance................. 36.62 48.06 Interest on investment................. 4.81 4.38 Total fixed costs........................ 109.43 136.67 0.743 Harvesting and marketing costs Picking........... ..................... 204.39 272.76 1.482 Grading and packing.................... 147.29 160.25 0.871 Containers............................. 173.27 212.44 1.155 Hauling............. .................. 45.73 42.55 0.231 Selling .... ........ ................... 71.20 94.02 0.511 Total harvesting and marketing costs..... 641.88 782.02 4.250 Total costs.......... ................... 1232.65 1521.74 8.270 Net return............................... 363.78 261.22 1.420 Table 20. SQUASH: Costs and returns per acre in the Palm Beach-Broward area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82 1977-81 1981-82 Season average per Category Acre Acre Bushel Yield (bushels) 121 168 Total receipts........................... $1128.23 $1627.92 $9.690 Operating costs Seed......... ...... ...... ............. 18.21 20.03 Fertilizer...... ....................... 63.00 77.19 Spray and dust......................... 74.33 85.09 Cultural labor......................... 99.23 154.22 Machine hire........................... 12.31 16.11 Gas, oil, grease......*................ 28.01 33.88 Repair and maintenance................. 37.44 79.72 Interest on production capital (17% 4 months)............. 14.56 35.69 Miscellaneous expense.................. 7.61 45.88 Total operating costs.................... 354.70 547.81 3.261 Fixed costs Land rent...o ........ ......*.......... 64.59 98.46 Depreciation.......... ... ............ 24.02 23.38 Licenses and insurance................. 20.08 19.16 Interest on investment................. 3.88 3.31 Total fixed costs..........*............. 112.57 144.31 0.860 Harvesting and marketing costs Picking and packing.................... 202.45 253.17 1.507 Containers............................. 118.25 120.96 0.720 Hauling ................................ 25.93 38.98 0.232 Selling............ .*....... ......... 36.34 42.10 0.251 Total harvesting and marketing costs..... 382.97 455.21 2.710 Total costs.............................. 850.24 1147.33 6.829 Net return............................... 277.99 480.59 2.861 Table 21. STRAWBERRIES: Costs and returns per acre in the Plant City area, 1981-82 Season average per Category Acre Flat Yield (flats) 1847 Total receipts....................,..... Operating costs Seed. ........................ ......... Fertilizer........... ....... ...... Spray and dust......................... Cultural labor......................... Machine hire ........................... Gas, oil, grease........................ Repair and maintenance,................ Interest on production capital (17% 6 months)............. Miscellaneous expense.................. Total operating costs.................... Fixed costs Land rent............................. Depreciation ................... ....... Licenses and insurance................. Interest on investment.................. Total fixed costs............ ......... Harvesting and marketing costs Picking and Packing................... Containers............... ... ... ...... Hauling.................. .............. Sellinge... ....... ..... .... ... ........... Other................................... Total harvesting and marketing costs..... Total costs.............................. Net return............................... $11,377.52 897.53 352.28 657.61 371.72 4.40 312.33 180.94 215.23 191.37 3183.41 550.00 93.75 280.00 19.92 943.67 3358.46 1354.24 38.00 1145.94 1048.48 6945.12 11072.20 305.32 $6.160 1.724 0.511 1.818 0.733 0.021 0.620 0.568 3.760 5.995 0.165 Table 22. TOMATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the Dade County area, 5- season average 1977-81 and 1981-82 1977-81 1981-82 Season average per Category Acre Acre 25 lb. Yield (25 Ibs.) 692 1210 Total receipts........................... $3438.18 $6328.30 $5.230 Operating costs Seed ................................ 38.97 50.86 Fertilizer..... ....................... 219.45 262.20 Spray and dust......................... 396.05 488.86 Cultural labor........................ 410.96 544.93 Machine hire.................... ...... 24.97 30.56 Gas, oil, grease....................... 70.62 105.63 Repair and maintenance................. 108.47 127.91 Interest on production capital (17% 5 months)............. 70.55 157.03 Miscellaneous expense.................. 246.05 363.31 Total operating costs.................... 1586.09 2131.29 1.761 Fixed costs Land rent.............. ............ 71.86 152.33 Depreciation.............. ............ 72.39 85.87 Licenses and insurance................. 71.65 90.15 Interest on investment................. 12.13 29.96 Total fixed costs........................ 228.03 358.31 0.296 Harvesting and marketing costs Picking........... ..................... 350.08 849.37 0.702 Grading and packing.................... 646.74 1412.07 1.167 Containers............................. 331.32 709.06 0.586 Hauling............................... 125.65 243.67 0.201 Selling............... ............... 131.77 285.36 0.236 Total harvesting and marketing costs..... 1585.56 3499.53 2.892 Total costs.............................. 3399.68 5989.13 4.950 Net return............................... 638.50 339.17 0.280 Table 23. STAKED TOMATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82 1977-81 1981-82 Season average per Category Acre Acre 25 lb. Yield (25 lbs.) 795 1100 Total receipts........................... Operating costs Seed.................................. Fertilizer ......... ................. Spray and dust.......................... Cultural labor.......................... Machine hire........................... Gas, oil, grease.................... Repair and maintenance................. Interest on production capital (17% 5 months).............. Miscellaneous expense.................. Total operating costs.................... Fixed costs Land rent............................. Depreciation............................. Licenses and insurance................. Interest on investment............... Total fixed costs...................... Harvesting and marketing costs Picking ...... .............. .......... .. Grading and packing.................... Containers............................. Hauling............ ................... Selling .......... .. .................... Total harvesting and marketing costs..... Total costs.............................. Net return.. .... ...................... $4831.31 $5753.00 108.95 275.43 809.38 779.03 54.71 113.57 174.97 101.33 321.16 2738.53 73.49 102.35 96.25 17.51 289.60 506.84 815.21 429.56 156.51 141.44 2049.56 5077.69 -246.38 152.99 343.36 351.35 774.25 75.00 163.73 197.21 176.01 219.33 2453.23 91.80 130.21 115.83 18.45 356.29 815.97 1191.30 668.80 229.90 165.00 3070.97 5880.49 -127.49 $5.230 2.230 0.324 0.742 1.083 0.608 0.209 0.150 2.792 5.346 -0.116 Table 24. STAKED TOMATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the Manatee-Rusk in area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1980-82 1977-81 1981-82 Season average per Category Acre Acre 25 lb. Yield (25 Ibs.) 844 1303 Total receipts........................... $5187.85 $6840.75 $5.250 Operating costs Seed.....* ..... .. .... ......... ......... 91.66 128.60 Fertilizer............................. 208.67 290.18 Spray and dust.......................... 237.59 268.26 Cultural labor.............. ............. 534.98 531.13 Machine hire........................... 27.26 19.56 Gas, oil, grease...................... 113.73 190.09 Repair and maintenance............... 117.97 151.60 Interest on production capital (17% 5 months).............. 70.56 142.31 Miscellaneous expense.................. 182.38 193.41 Total operating costs..................... 1584.80 1915.14 1.470 Fixed costs Land rent.................. ....... ... 52.42 83.29 Depreciation........................... 108.67 286.41 Licenses and insurance................. 112.80 153.04 Interest on investment................. 17.49 40.57 Total fixed costs..................... ... 291.38 563.31 0.432 Harvesting and marketing costs Picking............................... 623.42 936.29 0.719 Grading and packing.................... 1089.84 2007.10 1.540 Containers............................. 483.17 882.00 0.677 Hauling... ........ .................. 163.33 149.10 0.114 Selling.................... ............ 139.87 292.43 0.224 Total harvesting and marketing costs..... 2499.63 4266.92 3.275 Total costs.. ........................... 4375.81 6745.37 5.177 Net return.............................. 812.04 95.38 0.073 Table 25. WATERMELONS: Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee area, 5-season average 1977-81 and 1981-82 1977-81 1981-82 Season average per Category Acre Acre Cwt. Yield (cwt.) 306 210 Total receipts........................... $1843.68 $1449.00 $6.900 Operating costs Seed .... ..... .. ..... .................. 10.04 20.79 Fertilizer............................. 211.63 259.19 Spray and dust......................... 117.41 201.30 Cultural labor ....... ............. 141.44 209.03 Machine hire........................... 102.24 155.99 Gas, oil, grease...... ................ 46.16 105.98 Repair and maintenance................. 50.03 82.55 Interest on production capital (17% 5 months)............. 33.20 83.70 Miscellaneous expense.................. 16.98 20.92 Total operating costs.................... 729.13 1139.45 5.426 Fixed costs Land rent............................. 44.08 73.58 Depreciation........................... 37.91 74.42 Licenses and insurance................. 37.59 52.38 Interest on investment................. 6.40 10.54 Total fixed costs........................ 125.98 210.92 1.004 Harvesting and marketing costs Cutting........ ...... ................. 96.52 90.18 0.429 Grading and packing.................... 77.33 81.76 0.389 Containers............................ 15.80 16.18 0.077 Hauling....*......................... 131.23 134.91 0.642 Selling................................ 77.23 95.70 0.456 Total harvesting and marketing costs..... 398.11 418.73 1.994 Total costs................. ........... 1253.22 1769.10 8.424 Net return.............................. 590.46 -320.10 -1.524 This public document was promugated at an annual cost of $1680.00 or $0.88 per copy to furnish the vegetable industry and allied suppliers with current information on costs and returns of vegetable crops in Florida. |
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| MILLISECOND | CLASS.METHOD | MESSAGE |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | sobekcm_page_globals.constructor | |
| 0 | sobekcm_page_globals.constructor | Application State validated or built |
| 0 | sobekcm_database.verify_item_lookup_object | |
| 0 | sobekcm_page_globals.constructor | Navigation Object created from URI query string |
| 0 | sobekcm_database.verify_item_lookup_object | |
| 0 | sobekcm_page_globals.display_item | Retrieving item or group information |
| 0 | sobekcm_page_globals.get_entire_collection_hierarchy | Retrieving hierarchy information |
| 0 | sobekcm_assistant.get_entire_collection_hierarchy | |
| 0 | cached_data_manager.retrieve_item_aggregation | |
| 0 | cached_data_manager.retrieve_item_aggregation | Found item aggregation on local cache |
| 0 | item_aggregation_builder.get_item_aggregation | Found 'all' item aggregation in cache |
| 0 | system.web.ui.page.page_load (ufdc.page_load) | |
| 0 | sobekcm_page_globals.constructor.on_page_load | |
| 0 | html_echo_mainwriter.add_style_references | Adding style references to HTML |
| 0 | html_echo_mainwriter.add_text_to_page | Reading the text from the file and echoing back to the output stream |
| 44 | html_echo_mainwriter.add_text_to_page | Finished reading and writing the file |