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Front cover Abstract Abstract Foreword Page i Acknowledgements Page i Table of Contents Page ii Page iii Map Page iv Definitions Page v Page vi Page vii Main Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Page 13 Page 14 Page 15 Page 16 Page 17 Page 18 Page 19 Page 20 Page 21 Page 22 Page 23 Page 24 Page 25 |
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D. L. Brooke JUN 20 RECD (tr?' c1-1 Costs and Returns from Vegetable Crops in Florida, Season 1977-78 with Comparisons Food and Resource Economics Department Agricultural Experiment Stations Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciepces University of Florida, Gainesville 32611 April 1979 ..... ... m Economic Information Report 110 ABSTRACT Costs and returns were obtained for 14 different vegetable crops in one or more of eight major producing areas for the 1977-78 season. Yields were generally better than a year earlier, a result of better weather. Cost increases were noted in three-fourths of the crops and areas. FOB prices were higher than a year earlier resulting in higher net returns to growers in 60 percent of the cases. Key wordyl: Economics, vegetables, annual costs, simple averages, purposive sample. FOREWORD This is the eighteenth in this series of summaries of costs and returns from the principal vegetable crops by major producing areas in Florida. There is a need among growers, commodity groups, credit agencies, research workers and teachers for current factual information of this type. Data in this summary were gathered by personal interview with growers of the various vegetable crops. Growers' records of actual production costs were used when available, and estimates taken when records were not kept. As complete a breakdown of costs as possible was obtained from each grower. Insofar as possible, growing and har- vesting costs have been separated and labor items excluded from costs of materials. In a few cases, where crop sales were not available from growers, they were computed on the basis of average prices received for the crop as reported by the Florida Crop and Livestock Reporting Service, Orlando, Florida. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The writer wishes to express his appreciation to the vegetable growers for their excellent cooperation and also to the Florida Fruit and Vegetable Association, the Florida Crop and Livestock Reportiiing Service, Orlando, Florida, and to various county agents for much worthwhile assistance. i FOREWORD This is the eighteenth in this series of summaries of costs and returns from the principal vegetable crops by major producing areas in Florida. There is a need among growers, commodity groups, credit agencies, research workers and teachers for current factual information of this type. Data in this summary were gathered by personal interview with growers of the various vegetable crops. Growers' records of actual production costs were used when available, and estimates taken when records were not kept. As complete a breakdown of costs as possible was obtained from each grower. Insofar as possible, growing and har- vesting costs have been separated and labor items excluded from costs of materials. In a few cases, where crop sales were not available from growers, they were computed on the basis of average prices received for the crop as reported by the Florida Crop and Livestock Reporting Service, Orlando, Florida. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The writer wishes to express his appreciation to the vegetable growers for their excellent cooperation and also to the Florida Fruit and Vegetable Association, the Florida Crop and Livestock Reportiiing Service, Orlando, Florida, and to various county agents for much worthwhile assistance. i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FOREWORD AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . . .... .. ... i MAP OF FLORIDA VEGETABLE PRODUCING AREAS. . . . iv DEFINITIONS . . . .... . . v COSTS AND RETURNS DATA . . . .... . 1 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1 SNAP BEANS: Costs and returns per acre in the Palm Beach- Broward area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 . 1 2 POLE BEANS: Costs and returns per acre in the Dade County area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 .... . .. 2 3 CABBAGE: Costs and returns per acre in the Hastings area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 ..... .. . 3 4 CELERY: Costs and returns per acre in the Central Florida area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 ...... .. 5 CELERY: Costs and returns per acre in the Everglades area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 ...... .. .. 5 6 SWEET CORN: Costs and returns per acre in the Central Florida area 5-season average 1973-1977 and 1977-78 . 6 7 SWEET CORN: Costs and returns per acre in the Everglades area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 . . 7 8 SWEET CORN: Costs and returns per acre in the Lower East Coast area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 . 8 9 CUCUMBERS: Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 . ... 9 D. L. BROOKE is a professor in the Food and Resource Economics Department. LIST OF TABLES--Continued Tabl e Pag 10 (UCUMBERS: Costs and returns per acre in the Palm Beach- Broward area season 1977-78 . . . 10 11 EGGPLANT: Costs and returns per acre in the Palm Beach- Broward area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 ... 11 12 LEAF CROPS: Costs and returns per acre in the Central Florida area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 ... 12 13 LEAF CROPS: Costs and returns per acre in the Everglades area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 . . . I PEPPERS: Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 .. . 14 15 PEPPERS: Costs and returns per acre in the Palm Beach- Broward area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 .... 15 16 IRISH POTATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the Dade (County area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 .... . 17 IRLSH POTATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the Hastin.,s area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 .. ... 17 18 RADISHES: Costs and returns per acre in the Everglades area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 .. ... . 18 19 SQUASH: Costs and returns per acre in the Dade County area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 . . 19 20 SQUASH: Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 . . 2:) 21 SQUASH: Costs and returns per acre in the Palm Beach- Broward area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 ... 21 22 TOMATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the Dade County area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 . ... 22 23 STAKED TOMATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 23 24 STAKED TOMATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the Manatee- Ruskin area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 ... 24 25 WATERMELONS: Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalct- Lee area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 . 25 vI ~ 1 '2' FL 0 RIDA VEGETABLE PRODUCING AREAS With Principal Vegetables Produced 1r - 1 Dade--tomatoes, snap and pole beans, Irish potatoes, squash, cucumbers, strawberries 2 Palm Beach-Broward--snap beans, peppers, eggplant, cucumbers, squash, tomatoes 3 ImmoknLee-Lec--tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, squash, Irish potatoes, watermelons 4 Everglades--snap beans, sweet corn, cabbage, \J escarole, celery, Irish potatoes, radishes 8 5 Fort Pierce--tomatoes, watermelons 6 Wauchula--cucumbers, tomatoes, watermelons 7 Sarasota--celery, radishes, lettuce, cabbage \ 8 Manatee-Ruskin--tomatoes, cabbage, cauliflower, watermelons 9 Plant City--strawberries, peppers, squash, pole beans, southern peas, okra 10 Sumter--cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, lettuce, watermelons 11 Zellwood--sweet corn, celery, escarole, lettuce, snap beans, radishes 12 Sanford-Oviedo--cabbage, celery, snap beans, lettuce, escarole, sweet corn, peppers 13 Oxford-Belleview-Lowell--tomatoes, watermelons 14 McIntosh-Island Grove--squash, snap beans, celery, cabbage, lettuce, watermelons 15 Alachua--snap beans, cucumbers, pepper, Irish potatoes, watermelons 16 Hastings--Irish potatoes, cabbage 17 Starke-Brooker-Lake Butler--snap and lima beans, cucumbers, peppers, squash, strawberries 18 Quincy-Havana--pole beans, cucumbers, squash, tomatoes 19 Escambia--Irish potatoes S' 2 \ i .1 S1 // f," _ 15 I S14 -F 1i I j DEFINITIONS Number of growers: Number of individual records or estimates of crop costs and returns included in each crop summary. Number of acres: The total acreage planted by growers whose records or estimates were used. When a part of the planted acreage was lost soon after planting and replaced by another crop, the reduced acreage was used. Average acres per grower: The number of acres of the particular crop divided by the number of growers. Average yield per acre: The number of units per planted acre harvested. Land rent: In the interests of uniformity, land rent was charged for all acreages and crops at the prevailing rate reported by growers in the area. This was done to avoid difficulties in the determination of a normal valuation, interest charge for use of land and capitalization of land values in a period of fluctuating values and prices. Taxes on farm real estate are excluded since rent is being charged. Seed and seedbed includes the cost of seed or plants for planting the crop. If a seedbed was used, the figures, unless otherwise noted, in- clude costs of labor and materials for growing plants as well as seed costs. Fertilizer represents the actual cost of nutrient materials applied to produce the crop. Labor or machine costs of application are not included. Spray and dust included only the cost of materials unless application labor is specified, in which case some machine costs may also be present. If weed control chemicals or soil fumigants were used, their cost also is included here. Cultural labor contains the value of man labor, whether hired or family, to produce the crop from ground preparation until ready for harvest. It does not include supervision by the operator, since his compensation is to a great extent dependent upon returns from the sale of the crop. Machine hire is the cost of machine work hired, including use of air- planes when applicable, in producing the crop. This item includes labor charges for the machine operator and charges for the use of equipment. Gas, oil and grease include the cost of gas, oil and grease required to operate tractors, trucks, sprayers, pumps and other machinery in produc- ing the crop. It may also include electrical power expenses for irriga- tion when utilized. Repair and maintenance represent the cost of repairs to equipment used in producing the crop. It also includes the small tools such as hoes, rakes and shovels purchased and charged off as a current expenditure. Depreciation includes the annual charge for depreciation and obsoles- cence of equipment and labor housing. When actual depreciation charges could not be obtained from records, they were computed by assuming a 10-year average life-use on all equipment on the basis of replacement value as indicated by the operator. Licenses and insurance represent the cost of licenses and insurance items when chargeable to the farm business. Licenses include those for trucks and autos used on the farm. Insurance includes labor and crop insurance and fire or windstorm insurance on buildings and equipment. It excludes health or accident insurance for the operator or his family. Interest on product ion capital was charged at the rate of 9 percent on all cash costs for the number of months required to grw and market the crop regardless of whether or not much production capital was actually borrowed. This percentage was used because it is a currently available borrowing rate. Interest on capital invested (other than land) was charged at 9 percent of the actual or estimated annual depreciated value of the capital in- vested in machinery and equipment. It was assumed that all equipment was presently worth one half its replacement value. Miscellaneous includes such items as wire, stakes, twine, plastic, office supplies, administrative expense other than value of the opera- tor's management, legal and audit fees, telephone and telegraph and incidental expenses. Harvesting and marketing expense, where possible, has been divided into two items: (1) picking and (2) grading and packing. Picking, cutting, or digging expense includes actual cost of harvesting the crop and pre- paring it for movement to packinghouse or wash house. Washing or grading and packing expense includes preparation of the product :or shipment either in the field or at an adjacent packinghouse. It in- cludes machinery and overhead costs in addition to labor. The same is true for all crops in all areas where grading and packing is done off the farm in packinghouses. Containers include the cost of hampers, crates, bags or baskets in which the product is moved to market. Hauling is the cost of movement of the product from field to packing- house or loading point. It is often computed on a contract basis and includes labor and equipment items. In cases where hauling was pre- formed by the operator's trucks, the costs have been separated from production labor and machine expense items as nearly as possible. Other includes the cost of precooling the commodity prior to shipment and, for celery and sweet corn, the contribution to the Marketing Agreement Program. Inspection fees, when incurred, are included in packinghouse charges and are not reported as a separate item. Selling is the packinghouse, market, sales organization or dealer's charge for performing the sales service for the crop when deducted from the producer's price. The cost does not include charges for unloading, grading, packing, etc. Crop sales are the gross returns to the grower before deduction of growing, harvesting and marketing costs. Net return is the return to the producer after deduction of all expenses, in producing, harvesting and marketing the crop. Proration of costs between crops: For such items as seed, fertilizer, spray and dust, airplane application and harvesting and marketing costs, growers' records or estimates for each crop were used to make the appropriate charges. In the case of the cultural labor, however, no breakdown for the differ- ent crops produced on the individual farm could be obtained from the grower except in a very few cases when such records had been kept. The total cultural labor for all crops produced on each farm was, in most cases, prorated to the various crops on the basis of available data de- veloped at the Florida Agricultural Experiment Stations with regard to man hours required in various parts of the state to produce different crops from land preparation to harvest. Except in a very few cases, a similar situation also applies to such items as machine hire, tractor fuel, oil and grease, repairs, depreciation and other production costs where records had not been kept showing the respective charges to dif- ferent crops. Prorations were also made to these items on the basis of available data (D. L. Brooke, Fla. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 660, June 1963). In many c;ses individual growers did not incur every cost item. This applies especially to airplane application, machine hire, grading and packing, containers, hauling and precooling. Thus, these data are based only on the overall average for all growers contacted in each area. Footnotes have been used to set forth the number of growers and average costs for items not incurred by all growers in the sample. Per-unit costs and returns were computed by dividing the average yield per acre in the sample into the various items of cost shown in the in- dividual tables. They are merely averages of the data recorded and, in some cases, do not reflect the full cost of performing the service be- cause all growers may not have incurred every item of cost. Ranges per acre showing the lowest and the highest of the sampled obser- vations for yields, costs and returns are included for each crop and area. This is intended to show growers and other interested parties the extremes that may be encountered in vegetable production. 1 Table 1.--SNAP BEANS: Costs and returns per acre in the Palm Beach-Broward area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 :5-season: Item :5-season: 1977-78 : average: Number of growers . . Number of acres . . . Average acres per grower . Average yield per acre (bushels) 6126 1021 76 6500 1300 75 Growing costs: Land rent . . . . . Seed . . . . . . Fertilizer . . . . . Spray and dust . . . . Cultural labor . . . . Machine hire . . . . . Gas, oil and grease . . . . Repair and maintenance . . . Depreciation . . . . . Licenses and insurance . . . Interest on production capital (9% 4 months). Interest on capital invested (other than land). Miscellaneous expense . . . . Acre 40.83 32.68 63.19 32.18 49.11 14.12 15.68 19.54 13.26 11.92 8.56 1.99 6.19 Average per Acre Bushel :$ 39.00 32.40 : 41.57 42.27 74.90 7.50 17.92 21.01 13.79 13.13 9.23 2.07 17.96 Total growing cost . . Harvesting and marketing costs: Picking and packing expense . Containers . . . Hauling . . . . Selling . . . . Total harvesting and marketing cost . Total crop cost . . . Crop sales . . . . Net return . . . . . : 309.25 : 332.75 :$ 4.437 79.62 49.87 11.09 13.01 84.42 51.44 10.10 16.35 1.125 .686 .135 .218 : 153.59 : 162.31 : 2.164 : 462.84 : 447.64 :$-15.20 : 495.06 : 538.76 :$ 43.70 6.601 7.184 .583 1977-78 Range per acre From To Yield (bushels) . . . . : 50 : 89 Total growing cost . . . . :$ 245.99 :$ 515.79 Total harvesting and marketing cost . ... : 122.91 : 192.58 Total crop cost . . .... .. .. : 413.26 : 708.37 Crop sales . . . .... .. : 350.00 : 712.00 Net return . . . ... :$ -63.49 :$ 151.97 Table 2.--POLE BEANS: Costs and returns per acre in the Dade County area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 ^ Item :5-season: 1977-78 Item: average: Average: Number of growers . . Number of acres . . Average acres per grower . Average yield per acre (bushels) Growing costs: Land rent . . . Seed . . . . Fertilizer . . . Spray and dust . . Cultural labor . . Machine hire . . Gas, oil and grease .. Repair and maintenance . Depreciation . . . Licenses and insurance . Interest on production capital Interest on capital invested (o Miscellaneous expense . Total growing cost . . Harvesting and marketing costs: 7 : 2135 : 305 297 Acre . . :$ 43.72 . . : 51.92 . . : 99.11. . . : 71.34 . . : 291.06 . . : 13.22 . . : 29.85 . . : 42.85 . . 26.45 . . : 40.69 (9% 4 months) : 22.85 their than land) : 3.97 . . : 78.06 4 1429 357 220 Average per Acre Bushel :$ 65.47 64.15 :115.74 82.67 :419.46 29.44 42.35 17.31 38.68 28.20 2.59 82.15 . : 815.09 : 988.21 :$ 4.492 Picking and packing expense . Containers . . . . Hauling . . . . Selling . . . . Total harvesting and marketing cost Total crop cost . . . Crop sales . . .... Net return . . . . 246.24 201.33 42.40 62.55 238.39 186.52 36.25 64.02 1.083 .848 .165 .291 . : 552.52 : 525.18 : 2.387 :1367.61 :1543.78 :$176.17 :1513.39 :1737.33 :$223.94 : 6.879 : 7.897 :$ 1.018 Yield (bushels) . . . Total growing cost . . . Total harvesting and marketing cost Total crop cost . . . Crop sales . . . . Net return . . . . 1977-78 Range per acre From To S. 175 : 250 S :$ 827.77 :$1191.71 S 422.73 : 625.00 1324.18 : 1739.50 1414.22 : 2058.45 . :$ 90.04 :$ 318.95 ---- 3 Table 3.--CABBAGE: Costs and returns per acre in the Hastings area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 :5-season: Item :5-season: 1977-78 : average: Number of growers . . Number of acres . . . Average acres per grower . Average yield per acre (50-1bs.) Growing costs: Land rent . . . . Seed . . . . . Fertilizer . . . . Spray and dust . . . Cultural labor . . . Machine hire . . . . Gas, oil and grease . . . Repair and maintenance . . Depreciation . . . . Licenses and insurance . . Interest on production capital (9% 4 Interest on capital invested (other thai Miscellaneous expense . . . 11 1573 143 504 Acre :$ 35.02 : 65.43 : 96.27 S : 49.38 : 119.36 : 4.56 : 22.68 : 33.61 : 27.54 : 19.38 months). : 13.58 n land). : 4.13 . : 7.03 14 2062 147 387 Average per Acre 50-1bs. :$ 42.36 S80.43 : 117.36 : 63.93 1: 47.17 : 3.59a: S32.41 S55.58 S48.40 S28.40 1 7.44 S 7.26 S10.02 Total growing cost . . . Harvesting and marketing costs: Picking and packing expense . Containers . . . Hauling . . . . Selling . . . . Total harvesting and marketing cost . Total crop cost . . . Crop sales . . . . Net return . . . . . : 497.97 : 654.35 :$ 1.691 175.64 320.19 .33 109.69 187.91 : 280.86 : 96.07 : . . : 605.85 : 564.84 : 1.459 :1103.82 :1219.19 :1495.90 :1603.90 :$392.08 :$384.71 Yield (50-lbs.) . . . Total growing cost . . . Total harvesting and marketing cost . Total crop costs . . . Crop sales . . . . Net return . . . . 1977-78 Range per acre From To 250 : 600 . $ 488.13 :$ 1038.61 . 401.15 : 894.60 . 905.06 : 1663.80 . 965.15 : 2500.00 S. $ 37.02 :$ 1254.50 aReported by 7 growers averaging $7.19 per acre. .485 .726 .248 3.150 4.144 .994 -- -------------- Table 4.--CELERY: Costs and returns per acre in the Central Florida area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 :5-season: Item : ea : 1977-78 : average: Number of growers . . Number of acres . . Average acres per grower . Average yield per acre (crates) 3 : 1365 : 455 505 3 1565 522 437 Growing costs: Acre Land rent . .. . .. :$ 34.70 Seed . . . . . : 84.15 Fertilizer . . . . : 124.97 Spray and dust . . . .. : 153.12 Cultural labor . . . : 261.21 Machine hire . . .. ..... : 10.20 Gas, oil and grease . . . : 22.69 Repair and maintenance . .. ...... : 73.23 Depreciation . . . . : 22.80 Licenses and insurance . . .... : 26.43 Interest on production capital (9% 5 months) : 31.16 Interest on capital invested (other than land) : 3.42 Miscellaneous expense . . ... : 40.18 Average per : Acre Crate :$ 42.73 S 93.82 S144.64 : 167.83 S434.85 3.25a: S 25.32 S 87.06 S 38.31 S 68.76 41.11 S 5.75 S 28.06 Total growing cost . . . Harvesting and marketing costs: Cutting and packing expense . Containers . . . Hauling . . . . Other . . . . Selling . . . . Total harvesting and marketing cost Total crop cost . . . Crop sales . . . . Net return . . . . . . : 888.26 : 1181.49 :$ 2.706 . . : 549.41 . : 369.88 . : 53.25 . . : 194.67 . . : 86.75 . . :1253.96 . . :2142.22 . . :2281.01 . :$138.79 825.27 349.51 66.88 215.22 65.90 1.890 .800 .153 .493 .151 : 1522.78 : 3.487 : 2704.27 :3731.19 :$1026.92 6.193 8.545 2.352 .1977-78 Range per acre From To Yield (crates) . . . ...... : 389 : 472 Total growing cost . . . . :$ 1009.19 :$1321.55 Total harvesting and marketing cost . .. : 1159.90 : 1916.03 Total crop cost . .... .. ..... ... : 2169.09 : 3129.76 Crop sales . . . . : 2948.21 : 4516.60 Net return . . . . . :$ 134.24 :$1559.66 aReported by 1 grower averaging $9.74 per acre. 5 Table 5.--CELERY: Costs and returns per acre in the Everglades area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 :5-season: 1977-78 Item 1977-78 : average: Number of growers . . Number of acres . . Average acres per grower . Average yield per acre (crates) 9 8208 912 607 8 7726 966 542 Growing costs: Land rent . . . Seed . . . Fertilizer . . . Spray and dust . . Cultural labor . . Machine hire . . Gas, oil and grease . . Repair and maintenance . Depreciation . . Licenses and insurance . Interest on production capital Interest on capital invested Miscellaneous expense . Total growing cost . . Harvesting and marketing costs: Acre . . :$ 55.46 . . : 95.33 . . 141.84 . . 295.65 . . 327.74 . . : 25.05 . . : 34.50 . . : 90.98 . . : 41.62 . . : 36.63 1 (9% 5 months) : 42.62 (other than land) : 6.24 . . : 33.23 Average per Acre Crate :$ 89.29 : 104.32 : 145.13 :430.93 : 436.30 24.62 : 55.95 :169.56 S70.60 74.80 59.55 10.60 57.20 . :1226.89 :1728.85 :$ 3.192 Cutting and packing expense . Containers . . . Hauling . . . . Other . . . . Selling . . . . Total harvesting and marketing cost . Total crop cost . . . Crop sales . . . . Net return . . . . : 578.58 : 445.25 : 79.31 : 228.82 : 90.44 590.91 459.51 83.89 281.98 93.20 1.091 .848 .155 .521 .172 . . :1422.40 :1509.49 : 2.787 :2649.29 :2800.27 :$150.98 :3238.34 :3637.58 :$399.24 5.979 6.716 .737 1977-78 Range per acre From To Yield (crates) . . . .... . : 434 : 668 Total growing cost . . . . :$ 1285.22 :$ 2154.44 Total harvesting and marketing cost ...... .... : 1210.62 : 1872.12 Total crop cost . . . . : 2514.33 : 4026.56 Crop sales . . . . : 2930.17 : 4861.12 Net return . . . .... .:$ -348.50 :$ 1029.13 6 Table 6.--SWEET CORN: Costs and returns per acre in the Central Florida area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 :5-season: Item : 1977-78 : average: Number of growers . . . Number of acres . . . Average acres per grower . . Average yield per acre (crates) . Growing costs: Land rent . . . Seed . . . . Fertilizer . . . . Spray and dust . . .. . Cultural labor . . . Machine hire . . . Gas, oil and grease . . Repair and maintenance . . Depreciation . . . Licenses and insurance . . Interest on production capital (9% - Interest on capital invested (other Miscellaneous expense . . Total growing cost . . . Harvesting and marketing costs: Picking and packing expense . Containers . . . . Hauling . . . Other . . . Selling . . . Total harvesting and marketing cost Total cr cost . . Crop sales . ...... . Net return . . . . 4 : 3480 : 870 286 4 tha Acre . :$ 34.22 : 15.07 . 52.18 . 85.64 . : 51.45 . 10.45 . : 12.64 : 54.87 . : 8.1.3 . : 20.14 months) : 10.69 n land) : 2.72 : 19.67 . : 387.87 . : 153.44 . : 166.88 . : 26.49 . : 93.32 . : 44.56 . : 484.69 . : 872.56 . : 942.84 5 4457 891 321 Average per Acre Crate :$ 42.39 22.48 S 46.77 92.60 41,43 12.55a: : 15.06 S47.67 S24.38 39.67 11.53 3.66 S23.62 423.81 :$ 1.321 :196.21 :240.65 S27.52 :120.55 54.38 :639.31 :1063.12 :1107.24 .612 .750 .086 .376 .169 1.993 3.315 3.452 :$ 70.28 :$ 44.12 :$ .137 Yield (crates) . . *. . Total growing cost . . . Total harvesting and marketing cost Total crop cost . . Crop sales . . . . Net return . . . . 1977-78 Range per acre From To 280 :339 :$ 318.29 :$ 661.33 436.83 : 733.02 975.44 : 1164.30 971.04 : 1179.69 :$ -43.00 :$ 187.93 nReported by 3 growers averaging $20.92 per acre. Table 7.--SWEET CORN: Costs and returns per acre in the Everglades area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 Item :5-season: 1977-78 : average: Number of growers . . Number of acres . . Average acres per grower . Average yield per acre (crates) Growing costs: Land rent . . Seed . . . Fertilizer . . Spray and dust . Cultural labor . Machine hire . Gas, oil and grease . Repair and maintenance Depreciation . . Licenses and insurance Interest on production c Interest on capital inve Miscellaneous expense . . . . :$ . . . : . . . months). : sted (oth. than land). : . . . : . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . : capital (9% 4 months). : sted (other than land). : . . . : 11 14223 1293 218 Acre 36.97 12.77 30.04 81.21 45.76 17.83 11.47 26.54 17.43 11.86 8.51 2.61 9.21 9 16670 1852 158 Average per Acre Crate :$ 43.25 21.24 39.28 S 79.60 5/ 54.80 S 17.23 15.19 34.09 S 22.60 : 21.52 10.10 S 3.39 10.58 Total growing cost . . . Harvesting and marketing costs: Picking and packing expense . Containers . . . Hauling . . . . Other . . . . Selling . . . . Total harvesting and marketing cost . Total crop cost . . . Crop sales . . . . Net return . . . . . : 312.21 : 372.87 :$ 2.355 131.08 137.54 26.37 79.05 33.65 . . : 407.69 : : 719.90 : 724.76 :$ 4.86 112.88 119.42 21.80 81.95 22.80 .713 .754 .138 .517 .144 358.85 : 2.266 :731.72 :572.25 :$-159.47 :4.621 :3.614 :$-1.007 Yield (crates) . . . Total growing cost . . Total harvesting and marketing cost Total crop cost . . . Crop sales . . . Net return . . . 1977-78 Range per acre From To 102 : 245 :$ 286.59 :$ 509.11 227.00 : 442.89 536.67 : 913.87 324.43 : 1208.80 :$ -335.19 :$ 390.26 --------- 8 Table 8.--SWEET CORN: Costs and returns per acre in the Lower East Coast area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 :5-season: : average: 1977-78 Number of growers . . Number of acres . . Average acres per grower . Average yield per acre (crates) Growing costs: Land rent . Seed . . Fertilizer . Spray and dust . Cultural labor . Machine hire . Gas, oil and grease Repair and maintena Depreciation . Licenses and insura Interest on product Interest on capital Miscellaneous expen . . . . :$ n. .e . . . :. .ne . . . : ion capital (9% 4 months) invested (other than land) se . . : 5 7270 1454 175 Acre 42.63 17.33 97.76 60.91 51.11 19.64 15.81 27.16 16.70 16.05 10.70 2.51 8.22 4 7585 1896 194 Average per Acre Crate :$ 47.06 : 26.37 :103.67 85.82 70.22 18.00 14.68 25.69 24.44 25.98 13.04 3.67 17.10 Total growing cost . . . : 386.53 : 475.74 :$ 2.452 Harvesting and marketing costs: Picking and packing expense . . . Containers . . . . Hauling . . . Other . . . . Selling . . . Total harvesting and marketing cost . . Total crop cost . . . Crop sales . .* * * . Net return . . ............ 96.25 103.60 24.31 59.63 26.02 119.69 133.95 28.31 96.80 26.18 .617 .690 .146 .499 .135 : 309.81 : 404.93 : 2.087 : 696.34 : 702.15 :$ 5.81 :880.67 :1029.64 :$148.97 4.539 5.307 .768 1977-78 Range per acre From To Yield (crates) . ........ . : 141 : 226 Total growing cost . . . :$ 405.48 :$ 522.76 Total harvesting and marketing cost . .. : 311.43 : 471.77 Total crop cost . . . . *. 716.91 957.68 Crop sales . . . . * 822.80 : 1134.24 Net return . . . * $ 105.89 :$ 194.59 Item Table 9.--CUCUMBERS: Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 Item :5-season: 1977-78 : average: Number of growers . . . .. : 9 : 7 Number of acres . . . .. : 1035 : 703 Average acres per grower . . .... : 115 : 100 Average yield per acre (bushels) . .... : 252 : 273 Growing costs: Average per Acre Acre Bushel Land rent . . . . :$ 26.07 :$ 42.70 Seed . . . . . : 14.81 : 16.95 Fertilizer . . . . : 153.14 : 126.61 Spray and dust . . . . : 72.79 : 76.01 Cultural labor . . . . : 175.65 : 233.29 Machine hire . . . . : 39.60 : 26.94a: Gas, oil and grease . . . : 43.52 : 38.46 Repair and maintenance . . . : 51.59 : 55.12 Depreciation . . . . : 39.59 : 36.72 Licenses and insurance . . . : 20.95 : 37.93 Interest on production capital (9% 5 months). : 18.71 : 25.06 Interest on capital invested (other than land). : 5.94 : 5.51 Miscellaneous expense . . . : 25.56 : 14.18b: Total growing cost . . . : 687.92 : 735.48 :$ 2.690 Harvesting and marketing costs: Picking expense . . . . : 234.72 : 297.36 : 1.088 Grading and packing expense . .... : 198.01 : 267.34 : .978 Containers . . . . : 166.52 : 169.60 : .620 Hauling . . . . . : 47.85 : 44.93 : .164 Selling . . . . . : 42.90 : 43.00 : .157 Total harvesting and marketing cost . .. : 690.00 : 822.23 : 3.007 Total crop cost . . . . :1377.92 :1557.71 5.697 Crop sales .. . . . . .. :1366.05 :1466.02 : 5.362 Net return . . . . ... :$-11.87 :$-91.69 :$ -.335 1977-78 Range per acre From To Yield (bushels) . . . . : 116 : 400 Total growing cost . . . . :$ 554.36 :$ 922.47 Total harvesting and marketing cost . .. : 317.84 : 1220.00 Total crop cost . . . ... : 973.28 : 1868.28 Crop sales . . .... . ... : 713.95 :2100.00 Net return . . . . . :$ -561.81 :$ 258.41 aReported by 6 growers averaging b rated by 5 growers veragin Rpepr ted by 5 growers averaging $31.44 per acre. $19.85 per acre. I 10 Table 10.--CUCUMBERS: Costs and returns per acre in the Palm Beach-Broward area season 1977-78 Item : 1977-78 Number of growers . . Number of acres . . . Average acres per grower . . Average yield per acre (bushels) . 530 132 233 Growing costs: Land rent . . Seed . . . Fertilizer . . Spray and dust . Cultural labor . Machine hire . . Gas, oil and grease Repair and maintenance Depreciation . . Licenses and insurance Interest on production capital 5 Interest on capital invested (other thai Miscellaneous expense . . Total growing cost . . . Harvesting and marketing costs: Picking expense . . . Grading and packing expense . . Containers . . . . Hauling . . . . Selling . . . . Total harvesting and marketing cost . : Average per Acre Bushel . $ 61.88 . 11.70 . 50.62 . 71.75 . 214.09 . 46.27 . 57.70 . 90.15 . 31.30 . 102.14 months) : 22.17 n land) : 4.70 : 32.78 : 797.25 : $ 3.422 235.62 127.32 126.29 44.33 53.70 1.011 .546 .542 .190 .231 587.26 2.520 Total crop cost . . . Crop sales . . . . Net return . . . . 1977-78 Range per acre From To Yield (bushels) . . . Total growing cost . . . Total harvesting and marketing cost Total crop cost . . . Crop sales . . . Net return . . . . 1384.51 1532.53 $ 148.02 5.942 6.577 $ .635 112 $ 393.1.3 304.64 842.03 750.00 $ -179.67 370 $1103.56 907.08 1974.35 2592.61 $ 618.26 -- 11 Table 11.--EGGPLANT: Costs and returns per acre in the Palm Beach-Broward area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 :5-season: : average: 1977-78 Number of growers . . Number of acres . . . Average acres per grower . Average yield per acre (bushels) Growing costs: Acre Land rent . . . . :$ 54.75 Seed . . . . ... .. : 16.25 Fertilizer . . . . .. : 258.36 Spray and dust . . . .. : 168.46 Cultural labor . . . .. : 378.09 Machine hire . . . .. : 48.79 Gas, oil and grease . . . .. : 53.26 Repair and maintenance . . ... : 72.32 Depreciation . . . .. : 54.46 Licenses and insurance . . ... : 53.34 Interest on production capital (9% 5 months). : 43.28 Interest on capital invested (other than land). : 8.17 Miscellaneous expense . . ... : 50.59 Total growing cost . . . . Harvesting and marketing costs: Picking and packing expense . . . Containers . . . . . Hauling . . . . . Selling . . . . . Total harvesting and marketing cost . Total crop cost . . . Crop sales . . . . Net return . . . . Average per Acre Bushels :$ 57.00 : 43.96 :267.09 : 227.96 :494.85 71.72a S84.96 : 141.84 S65.50 92.20 S62.00 9.83 : 169.63 . :1260.12 :1788.54 :$ 2.200 :396.25 : 389.04 : 93.07 : 109.61 640.26 531.40 121.97 175.38 .787 .654 .150 .216 . . : 987.97 :1469.01 : 1.807 :2248.09 :2223.18 :$-24.91 :3257.55 :3249.57 :$ -7.98 4.007 3.997 -.010 1977-78 Range per acre From To Yield (bushels) . . . . .. : 620 : 938 Total growing cost . . . . :$ 1504.68 :$ 2187.28 Total harvesting and marketing cost . ... : 1035.40 :2016.62 Total crop cost . . . . .. : 2540.08 : 3742.68 Crop sales . . . ... .. : 2418.00 : 3942.78 Net return . . . .... .. :$ -202.01 :$ 450.40 aReported by 4 growers averaging $89.66 per acre. Item Table 12.--LEAF CROPS: Costs and returns per acre in the Central Florida area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 :5-season: Item 1977-78 : average: Number of growers . . . . Number of acres . . . . Average acres per grower . . . Average yield per acre (crates) . . Growing costs: Land rent . . . . . Seed . . . . . . Fertilizer . . . . . Spray and dust . . . . Cultural labor . . . . Machine hire . . . . . Gas, oil and grease . . . . Repair and maintenance . . . Depreciation . . . . . Licenses and insurance . . . Interest on production capital (9% 4 months) Interest on capital invested (other than land) Miscellaneous expense . . . Total growing cost . . . . Harvesting and marketing costs: Cutting and packing expense Containers . . . Hauling . . . Other . . . Selling . . . Total harvesting and marketing cost Total crop cost . . . Crop sales . . . . Net return . . . . : 5 : 1055 : 211 : 564 Acre :$ 31.12 S50.32 S53.98 S63.94 :151.63 S 2.27 S16.80 S76.48 S37.39 42.62 15.95 S 5.61 S42.51 6 1115 186 : 838 Average per Acre Crate :$ 43.84 : 134.04 : 56.64 : 70.62 195.93 : 1.00 25.13 80.21 40.73 : 86.22 22.64 6.11 60.97 : 590.62 : 824.08 :$ 0.983 191.50 336.70 44.33 134.28 72.89 278.25 568.93 57.62 212.33 90.69 .332 .678 .069 .253 .108 . : 779.70 : 1207.82 : 1.440 :1370.32 :1851.55 :$481,23 : 2031.90 :3644.29 :$1612.39 2.423 4.346 1.923 1977-78 Range per acre From To Yield (crates) . . . Total growing cost . . . Total harvesting and marketing cost Total crop cost . . Crop sales . . . . Net return . . . . . 600 :$ 535.42 :$ 1140.61 S. 1735.42 : 2400.00 :$ 465.65 :$ 1008 1032.75 1329.84 2286.92 4798.98 2722.45 --------- : : : : 13 Table 13.--LEAF CROPS: Costs and returns per acre in the Everglades area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 Item :5-season: 1977-78 : average: Number of growers . . Number of acres . . Average acres per grower . Average yield per acre (crates) 8 : 5696 712 : 417 : 9 9622 1069 449 Growing costs: Land rent . . Seed . . . Fertilizer . . Spray and dust . Cultural labor . Machine hire . . Gas, oil and grease . Repair and maintenance Depreciation . . Licenses and insurance Interest on production c Interest on capital inve Miscellaneous expense . Acre . . . :$ 41.84 . . . 9.37 . . . 58.69 . . . 55.04 . . . 158.09 . . . 15.65 . . . 16.23 . . . 43.37 . . . 27.16 . . . 16.93 capital (9% 4 months). : 13.06 *sted (other than land). : 4.07 . . . : 20.11 Average per Acre Crate :$ 55.66 18.05 91.42 78.16 250.04 31.47 35.09 62.40 38.12 37.19 20.41 5.72 20.72 Total growing cost . . . . Harvesting and marketing costs: : 479.61 : 744.45 :$ 1.659 201.97 261.59 53.82 141.74 68.15 Cutting and packing expense . Containers . . . Hauling . . . . Other . . . . Selling . . . . Total harvesting and marketing cost . Total crop cost . . . Crop sales . . . . Net return . . . . 232.65 341.88 65.19 204.44 75.21 .519 .762 .145 .456 .167 . : 727.27 : 919.36 : 2.049 :1206.88 :1331.56 :$124.68 :1663.81 :2361.45 :$697.64 3.708 5.263 1.555 1977-78 Range per acre From To Yield (crates) .... . ... : 250 : 619 Total growing cost . . . ... :$ 383.70 :$ 1614.68 Total harvesting and marketing cost . ... : 560.11 : 1291.36 Total crop cost . . . .. .... : 1003.31 : 2815.49 Crop sales . . . .... ........ : 993.41 : 4341.17 Net return . . . . ... .. :$ -93.64 :$ 1692.68 14 Table 14.--PEPPERS: Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 Item :5-season: 1977-78 Item average: 1977-78 _______ : average:_______ Number of growers . . Number of acres . . Average acres per grower . Average yield per acre (bushels) 12 2316 193 593 10 2040 204 574 Growing costs: Land rent . . . Seed . . . . Fertilizer . . . Spray and dust . . Cultural labor . . Machine hire . . . Gas, oil and grease . . Repair and maintenance . Depreciation . . . Licenses and insurance . Interest on production capital Interest on capital invested (o Miscellaneous expense . Total growing cost . . Harvesting and marketing costs: . . :$ . . : .:2 . . : 2 . . : 2 . . : 3 . . : (9% 5 months) : their than land) . . : Average per Acre Acre Bushel 27.46 :$ 52.87 85.84 : 78.03 51.07 : 250.61 13.92 : 255.56 88.70 : 412.99 53.83 : 45.18 75.43 : 78.52 29.07 : 145.59 66.98 : 86.56 45.22 : 67.12 50.86 : 56.44 10.05 : 12.98 85.83 : 118.71 . . :1484.26 : 1661.16 :$ 2.896 Picking expense . . . Grading and packing expense . Containers . . . . Hauling . . . . Other . . . . Selling . . . . Total harvesting and marketing cost Total crop cost . . . Crop sales . . . . Net return . . . . . : 342.69 : 422.78 : 297.29 99.70 : 106.86 . . :1269.52 . :2753.78 . . 3070.43 . . :$316.65 402.48 515.60 293.48 96.30 : 74.54': 1: 02.89 :1418.21 :3079.37 :2916.05 :$-163.32 :$ 1977-78 Range per acre From To Yield (bushels) . . . Total growing cost . . . Total harvesting and marketing cost Total crop cost . . . Crop sales . . . . Net return . . . . .300 :$ 1056.55 :$ .. 534.00 .. 1590.55 .. 1800.00 . :$-1198.61 :$ aReported by 1 grower averaging $74.54 per acre. .701 .899 .512 .168 .013 .179 2.472 5.368 5.083 -.285 892 2681.18 2170.46 4591.84 3937.35 379.56 -- ----~ 15 Table 15.--PEPPERS: Costs and returns per acre in the Palm Beach-Broward area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 Item:5-season: 1977-78 : average: Number of growers . . Number of acres . . . Average acres per grower . Average yield per acre (bushels) 8 912 114 647 9 1827 203 816 Growing costs: Acre Land rent ..... . . . :$ 57.47 Seed . . . . ... : 65.71 Fertilizer . . . . : 214.81 Spray and dust . . . . : 175.67 Cultural labor . . . . : 521.48 Machine hire . . . . : 85.39 Gas, oil and grease . . . : 70.09 Repair and maintenance . . . : 87.44 Depreciation . . . . : 66.26 Licenses and insurance . . . : 71.30 Interest on production capital (9% 5 months). : 55.97 Interest on capital invested (other than land). : 9.94 Miscellaneous expense . . . : 143.23 Average per Acre Bushels :$ 69.93 88.15 : 239.78 :321.94 :679.45 88.94 :118.76 : 142.92 65.72 157.57 82.07 9.86 :280.97 Total growing cost . . . Harvesting and marketing costs: Picking and packing expense . Containers . . . Hauling . . . . Selling . . . . Total harvesting and marketing cost . Total crop cost . . . Crop sales . . . . Net return . . . . .. :1624.76 :2346.06 :$ 2.875 : 406.98 : 307.20 : 97.92 : 120.42 : 727.77 : 393.13 : 132.77 : 183.60 .892 .482 .162 .225 . : 932.52 :1437.27 : 1.761 :2557.28 :3254.82 :$697.54 :3783.33 :4357.47 :$574.14 4.636 5.340 .704 1977-78 Range per acre From To Yield (bushels) . . . . : 600 1100 Total growing cost . . . . :$ 1715.33 :$ 3525.26 Total harvesting and marketing cost. . .... : 948.00 :2172.50 Total crop cost . . . . .. : 2794.40 : 5245.74 Crop sales . . . ... .. : 2640.00 : 6865.03 Net return ... . . . . :$-1328.25 :$ 2535.84 I I I I j 16 Table 16.--IRISH POTATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the Dade County area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 Item :5-sason: 1977-78 : average: Number of growers . . Number of acres . . Average acres per grower . Average yield per acre (cwt.) 8 5056 632 182 7 4801 685 180 Growing costs: Land rent . . Seed . . . Fertilizer . . Spray and dust . Cultural labor . Machine hire . . Gas, oil and grease Repair and maintenance Depreciation . . Licenses and insurance Interest on production Interest on capital inv Miscellaneous expense Acre . . . :$ 62.61 . . . 200.38 . . . 88.39 . . . 84.42 . . . 88.93 . . . : 2.95 . . . 15.82 . . . 35.02 . . . 28.51 . . 33.02 capital (9% 4 months) : 18.94 ested (other than land) : 4.28 . . . : 19.78 Average per Acre Cwt. :$ 66.02 : 197.48 S90.85 80.62 91.53 9.78': S20.23 : 35.13 : 31.75 51.23 : 20.00 : 4.76 : 23.76 : Total growing cost . . . Harvesting and marketing costs: Digging expense . . Grading and packing expense Containers . . . Hauling . . . Selling . . . . : 683.05 : 723.14 :$ 4.017 34.13 145.94 47.21 30.00 44.92 35.53 : 156.28 : 53.51 33.03 50.52 : .197 .868 .297 .184 .281 Total harvesting and marketing cost Total crop cost . . Crop sales . . . . Net return . . . . . . : 302.20 : : 985.25 :1388.90 :$403.65 328.87 : 1.827 : 1052.01 : 1122.97 :$ 70.76 5.844 6.238 .394 1977-78 Range per acre From To Yield (cwt.) . . . .... : 123 : 211 Total growing cost . . . . :$ 572.64 :$ 833.84 Total harvesting and marketing cost . ... : 262.61 : 428.78 Total crop cost . . . . .. : 850.13 : 1255.34 Crop sales . . . . ... : 769.64 : 1432.78 Net return . . . . . :$ -386.19 :$ 405.65 Reported by 5 growers averaging $13.69 per acre. - i Table 17.--IRISH POTATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the Hastings area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 Item :5-season: 1977-78 : average: Number of growers . . Number of acres . . Average acres per grower . Average yield per acre (cwt.) Growing costs: 17 4454 262 189 Acre Land rent . . . . :$ 38.59 Seed . . . . . : 145.39 Fertilizer . . . . .. : 105.22 Spray and dust . . . .. : 45.12 Cultural labor . . . .. 61.54 Machine hire . . . .. : 6.37 Gas, oil and grease . . ... : 21.10 Repair and maintenance . . ... : 43.19 Depreciation . . . . : 31.03 Licenses and insurance . . ... : 17.09 Interest on production capital (9% 4 months) : 14.79 Interest on capital invested (other than land) : 4.65 Miscellaneous expense . . ... : 9.54 17 4949 291 188 Average per Acre :$ 48.99 : 169.61 : 122.05 S 57.15 S 71.61 S 9.29a 27.08 56.87 44.50 : 24.46 S 17.94 : 6.68 S 10.96 : Total growing cost . . . Harvesting and marketing costs: Digging expense . . . Grading and packing expense . Containers . . . . Hauling . . . . Selling . . . . Total harvesting and marketing cost Total crop cost . . . Crop sales . . . . Net return . . . . . : 543.62 : 667.19 :$ 38.27 59.26 12.24 31.56 47.53 . : 188.86 . : 732.48 : . : 932.32 . :$199.84 :4 1977-78 Range per acre From To Yield (cwt.) . . . . . : 135 : 255 Total growing cost . . . .. :$ 466.55 :$ 916.98 Total harvesting and marketing cost . .. : 136.80 :272.00 Total crop cost . . . . : 675.27 : 1113.64 Crop sales . . . . . : 655.20 : 1137.60 Net return . . . . . :$ -192.25 :$ 272.60 Reported by 15 growers averaging $10.53 per acre. Reported by 4 growers averaging $28.76 per acre. Cwt. 3.549 .195 .289 .036 .190 .282 .992 4.541 4.964 .423 36.80 : 54.27 : 6.77 : 35.70 53.04 186.58 : 853.77 : 933.31 : 79.54 :$ ~--~-~-~-~--~- 18 Table 18.--RADISHES: Costs and returns per acre in the Everglades area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 Item:5-season: 1977-78 : average: Number of growers . . Number of acres . . Average acres per grower . Average yield per acre (30-6 oz. Growing costs: Land rent . . . Seed . . . Fertilizer . . . Spray and dust . . Cultural labor . . Machine hire . . Gas, oil and grease . . Repair and maintenance . Depreciation . . . Licenses and insurance . Interest on production capital Interest on capital invested ( Miscellaneous expense .. pkgs.) . . : (9% 2 months) Father than land) . . : 3 8955 2985 243 Acre 9.34 10.79 11.31 14.58 22.30 4.16 5.65 14.13 7.77 5.52 1.52 1.17 3.30 3 11758 3919 224 Average per Acre 30-6 oz. pkgs. :$ 18.07 S18.04 21.41 23.01 46.27 3.20: 12.74 31.44 9.94 10.27 2.84 1.49 5.44 Total growing cost . . . Harvesting and marketing costs: Harvesting expense . . . Grading and packing expense . Containers . . . . Hauling . . . . Selling . . . . Total harvesting and marketing cost Total crop cost . . . Crop sales . . . . Net return . . . . : 111.54 : 204.16 :$ 20.75 89.56 66.69 9.26 29.21 17.61 111.26 101.66 13.12 27.99 .911 .078 .497 .454 .059 .125 . : 215.47 : 271.64 : 1.213 :327.01 : 388.24 :$ 61.23 : 475.80 : 524.98 :$ 49.18 :2.124 :2.344 :$ .220 1977-78 Range per acre From To Yield (30-6 oz. pkgs.) . . . : 190 266 Total growing cost . . . ... :$ 131,56 :$ 291.93 Total harvesting and marketing cost . . : 205.70 : 335.96 Total crop cost . . . . : 337.26 : 627.89 Crop sales . . . . ... : 428.31 : 679.37 Net return . . . ... :$ -33.93 :$ 130.01 Reported by 1 grower averaging $9.60 per acre. 19 Table 19.--SQUASH: Costs and returns per acre in the Dade County area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 Item :5-season: : average: Number of growers . . Number of acres . . Average acres per grower . Average yield per acre (bushels) 6 1254 : 209 142 : 1977-78 4 1211 303 138 Growing costs: Acre Land rent . . . . :$ 37.61 Seed . . . . . : 16.47 Fertilizer . . . .. : 69.77 Spray and dust . . . .. : 66.71 Cultural labor . . . .. : 63.57 Machine hire . . . .. : 12.92 Gas, oil and grease . . . : 25.93 Repair and maintenance . . ... : 34.65 Depreciation . . . . 22.01 Licenses and insurance . . ... : 31.43 Interest on production capital (9% 4 months) : 11.11 Interest on capital invested (other than land) : 3.30 Miscellaneous expense . . ... : 11.27 Total growing cost . . . . Harvesting and marketing costs: Picking and packing expense . Containers . . . Hauling . . . . Selling . . . . Total harvesting and marketing cost 198.43 116.52 20.18 33.92 Average per Acre Bushel :$ 53.63 : 76.78 : 96.33 84.54 75.36 37.94 31.24 : 67.92 : 27.85 : 37.35 : 17.11 : 4.18 9.21 : 406.75 : 619.44 :$ 4.489 253.48 103.69 24.32 40.67 1.837 .751 .176 .295 . . : 369.05 : 422.16 : 3.059 Total crop cost . . Crop sales . . . Net return . . . : 775.80 : 844.14 :$ 68.34 1977-78 Range per acre From To Yield (bushels) . . . Total growing cost . . . Total harvesting and marketing cost Total crop cost . . . Crop sales . . . . Net return . . . . 126 572.15 :$ 373.89 : 1019.99 : 945.00 : -94.68 :$ :1041.60 :1057.30 :$ 15.70 : 7.548 : 7.662 :$ .114 156 685.41 467.53 1059.30 1181.99 122.69 I f I I 20 Table 20.--SQUASH: Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 :5-season: 1977-78 : average: Number of growers . . . Number of acres . . . Average acres per grower . . Average yield per acre (bushels) . Growing costs: Land rent . . . . Seed . . . . Fertilizer . . . . Spray and dust . . . Cultural labor . . . Machine hire . . . Gas, oil and grease . . Repair and maintenance . . Depreciation . . . Licenses and insurance . . Interest on production capital (9% - Interest on capital invested (other Miscellaneous expense . . Total growing cost . . . Harvesting and marketing costs: Picking expense . . . Grading and packing expense . Containers . . . . Hauling . . . . Selling . . . . Total harvesting and marketing cost Total crop cost . . . Crop sales . . .... Net return . . . . 6 1105 184 235 t Acre S :$ 26.11 . 20.98 . : 120.57 : 49.13 . : 81.80 . : 14.30 : 30.87 . : 28.62 . : 25.94 : 18.52 4 months) : 15.09 han land) : 3.89 . : 11.55 Average per Acre Bushel :$ 30.80 36.25 :145.04 60.71 85.41 18.22 : 30.86 27.53 30.20 25.38 14.06 4.53 8.53 : 447.37 : 517.52 :$ 2.202 :128.59 :134.00 :134.91 54.86 45.26 : 497.62 : 944.99 :1133.15 :$188.16 : 176.63 : 166.67 :152.84 55.16 47.82 :599.12 :1116.64 :1548.63 :$431.99 :$ .752 .709 .650 .235 .204 2.550 4.752 6.590 1.838 1977-78 Range per acre From To Yield (bushels) . . . Total growing cost . . . Total harvesting and marketing cost Total crop cost . . . Crop sales . . . . Net return . . . . 119 : 350 463.66 :$ 563.88 412.57 : 808.50 923.97 : 1372.38 903.30 : 2080.00 -69.00 :$ 1015.24 Reported by 5 growers averaging $21.87 per acre. Item -1----- --- ----- 21 Table 21.--SQUASH: Costs and returns per acre in the Palm Beach-Broward area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 Item :5-season: : average: Number of growers . . Number of acres . . . Average acres per grower . Average yield per acre (bushels) 1977-78 5 245 49 118 : Growing costs: Land rent . . . . Seed . . . . Fertilizer . . . Spray and dust . . . Cultural labor . . . Machine hire . . . Gas, oil and grease . . Repair and maintenance . . Depreciation . . . Licenses and insurance . . Interest on production capital (9% - Interest on capital invested (other Miscellaneous expense . . . . : $ 4 months). than land). Acre 45.03 15.54 74.64 47.73 74.45 26.97 27.41 33.23 26.72 22.49 11.50 4.01 15.99 Average per Acre Bushels :$ 44.17 : 23.92 62.33 62.33 93.28 19.50 23.50 32.62 27.70 31.92 : 12.05 4.15 8.10 Total growing cost . . . . : 425.71 : 445.57 :$ 4.368 Harvesting and marketing costs: Picking and packing expense . . Containers . . . . Hauling . . . . Selling . . . . Total harvesting and marketing cost . Total crop cost . . . Crop sales . . . . Net return . . . . 159.03 100.86 19.90 26.15 219.64 79.77 20.70 40.93 2.1.54 .782 .203 .401 . : 305.94 : 361.04 : 3.540 : 731.65 : 762.91 :$ 31.26 : 806.61 : 818.66 :$ 12.05 7.908 8.026 .118 1977-78 Range per acre From To Yield (bushels) . . . Total growing cost . . . Total harvesting and marketing cost . Total crop cost . . . Crop sales . . . . Net return . . . . . 100 S. $ 347.53 :$ 308.00 677.53 S. 700.00 S. :$ 1.49 :$ 107 590.51 445.12 898.51 900.00 22.47 " ---- I I I i I 1 I I I I Table 22.--TOMATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the Dade County area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 :5-season: : average: 1977-78 Number of growers . . Number of acres . . . Average acres per grower . Average yield per acre (30 lbs.) : 6 :4566 : 761 : 480 Growing costs: Acre Land rent . . . . :$ 40.13 Seed . ... . . . : 24.05 Fertilizer . . ... . : 234.12 Spray and dust . .. .. . .. : 253.32 Cultural labor . . .... ..... : 208.11 Machine hire . .. . .. : 20.45 Gas, oil and grease .. . . : 35.66 Repair and maintenance .. . .. : 61.96 Depreciation . .. . . .. : 43.91 Licenses and insurance . . .. : 34.41 Interest on production capital (9% 5 months). : 37.15 Interest on capital invested (other than land). : 6.59 Miscellaneous expense . .... .. . : 78.54 Total growing cost . .... .. . :1078.40 : 5 : 3565 : 713 : 720 Average per Acre 30 Ibs. :$ 58.09 S33.80 :203.50 :396.09 :356.21 S21.97a: S58.60 :127.51 S89.23 S67.70 S58.10 S13.38 :225.80 :1709.98 :$ 2.375 Harvesting and marketing costs: Picking expense . . . Grading and packing expense . Containers . . . Hauling . . . . Selling . . . . Total harvesting and marketing cost Total crop cost . . . Crop sales . . . Net return . . . . . : 285.53 . . : 416.14 . . : 240.91 . : 53.86 . : 67.79 . . :1064.23 . . :2142.63 . . :2325.04 . . :$182.41 Yield (30 lbs.) . . . Total growing cost . . Total harvesting and marketing cost Total crop cost . . . Crop sales . . . Net return . .. . . 1977-78 Range per acre From To S524 :1020 :$ 1204.09 :$ 2208.48 S. 1205.20 : 2628.54 2409.29 : 4474.32 3272.66 : 6120.00 S $ 115.91 :$ 1645.68 aReported by 4 growers averaging $27.46 per acre. Item :397.32 :823.62 :396.11 102.21 :108.03 :1827.29 :3537.27 :4283.93 :$746.66 .552 1.144 .550 .142 .150 2.538 4.913 5.950 :$ 1.037 ~--- Table 23.--STAKED TOMATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 :5-season: Item :5-season: 1977-78 : average: Number of growers . . Number of acres . . . Average acres per grower . Average yield per acre (30 lbs.). 13 3432 264 868 14 4981 356 792 Growing costs: Land rent . . Seed . . . Fertilizer . . Spray and dust . Cultural labor . Machine hire . . Gas, oil and grease . Repair and maintenance Depreciation . . Licenses and insurance Interest on production c Interest on capital inve Miscellaneous expense . Total growing cost . Harvesting and marketing c Acre . . . $ 38.59 . . . 86.04 . . . 245.80 . . . 333.22 . . . : 668.84 . . . 79.54 . . . 82.62 . . . : 122.44 . . . 87.19 . . . 59.25 capital (9% 5 months). : 72.17 sted (other than land). : 13.08 . . . : 208.32 Average per Acre 30 lbs. :$ 64.70 97.97 239.31 :374.94 :766.45 55.04 :114.53 :145.31 119.31 86.90 83.22 17.90 274.05 . :2097.10 :2439.63 :$ 3.080 osts: Picking expense . . . Grading and packing expense . Containers . . . Hauling . . . . Selling . . . . Total harvesting and marketing cost . Total crop cost . . . Crop sales . . . . Net return . . . . : 537.25 : 790.76 :404.62 : 118.14 : 124.63 537.53 807.09 396.08 160.42 119.46 .679 1.019 .500 .202 .151 . . :1975.40 :2020.58 : 2.551 :4072.50 :4554.38 :$481.88 :4460.21 :4930.04 :$469.83 5.631 6.224 .593 1977-78 Range per acre From To Yield (30 lbs.) . . .. . : 379 1224 Total growing cost . . .... .. .. :$ 1154.50 :$ 3500.24 Total harvesting and marketing cost . ... : 986.91 : 3101.99 Total crop cost . . .... ... ... : 2155.78 : 6011.24 Crop sales . . . .. . .. : 2166.29 : 7835.68 Net return . . . .... .. :$ -964.33 :$ 2618.64 Table 24.--STAKED TOMATOES: Costs and returns per acre in the Manatee-Ruskin area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 :5-season: 1977-78 Item 1977-78 : average: Number of growers ... Number of acres . . Average acres per grower . Average yield per acre (30 12 2280 190 751 lbs.) 12 2184 182 627 Growing costs: Acre Land rent . . . . :$ 45.34 Seed . . . . . : 71.42 Fertilizer . . . . .. : 222.84 Spray and dust . . . .. : 221.85 Cultural labor .. ............ : 468.38 Machine hire . . . .. : 22.88 Gas, oil and grease . . ... : 74.32 Repair and maintenance . . ... : 85.54 Depreciation . . . . : 75.69 Licenses and insurance . . ... : 67.80 Interest on production capital (9% 5 months) : 53.39 Interest on capital invested (other than land) : 11.35 Miscellaneous expense . . ... : 143.32 Total growing cost . . . Harvesting and marketing costs: Picking expense . . Grading and packing expense Containers . . . Hauling . . . Selling . . . Total harvesting and marketing cost Total crop cost . . . Crop sales . . . . Net return . . . . Average per Acre 30 lbs. :$ 46.19 97.24 216.39 :267.83 : 527.74 18.20 90.85 :109.69 90.06 94.47 62.07 13.51 :186.59 . . :1564.12 :1820.83 :$ 2.902 :347.13 : 755.19 :370.06 : 101.18 : 91.61 406.53 652.75 352.97 106.03 96.68 .648 1.040 .563 .169 .154 :1665.17 :1614.96 : 2.574 :3229.29 :3710.77 :$481.48 :3435.79 :3508.90 :$ 73.11 5.476 5.593 .117 1977-78 Range per acre From To Yield (30 lbs.) . . . .. : 237 : 917 Total growing cost ... ... . :$ 1328.35 :$2160.62 Total harvesting and marketing cost ...... .. : 695.68 : 2347.52 Total crop cost . . .. .... : 2307.93 : 4508.14 Crop sales . . . . : 1466.75 : 5043.75 Net return . . . . ... ... :$ -1071.10 :$ 943.01 aReported by 10 growers averaging $21.84 per acre. j _ Table 25.--WATERMELONS: Costs and returns per acre in the Immokalee-Lee area 5-season average 1973-77 and 1977-78 :5-season: 1977-78 Item 1977-78 : average: Number of growers . . Number of acres . . Average acres per grower . Average yield per acre (cwt.) 5 : 540 108 : 284 6 453 76 322 Growing costs: Land rent . . Seed . . . Fertilizer . . Spray and dust . Cultural labor . Machine hire . . Gas, oil and grease . Repair and maintenance Depreciation . . Licenses and insurance Interest on production c Interest on capital inve Miscellaneous expense . Acre . . . :$ 23.25 . . . 7.69 . . . 175.10 . . . 96.89 . . . 140.62 . . . 58.15 . . . : 27.68 . . . 43.08 . . . 29.50 . . . 16.88 capital (9% 5 months). : 22.79 sted (other than land). : 4.42 . . . : 18.52 Average per Acre Cwt. :$ 27.64 9.58 : 192.79 98.33 :183.53 39.67 30.77 34.22 31.75 28.06 24.65 4.76 12.80 Total growing cost . . . . Harvesting and marketing costs: : 664.57 : 718.55 :$ 2.232 86.64 73.10 24.00 115.97 64.18 Picking expense . . . Packing expense . . . Containers . . . Hauling . . . . Selling . . . . Total harvesting and marketing cost . Total crop cost . . . Crop sales . . . . Net return . . . . 99.40 65.80 16.10 120.12 74.87 .309 .204 .050 .373 .233 . . : 363.89 : 376.29 : 1.169 :1028.46 :1252.78 :$224.32 :1094.84 :2043.71 :$948.87 3.401 6.347 2.946 1977-78 Range per acre From To Yield (cwl .) . . . . ..: 166 : 488 Tl:i1 l ,l w.ing cos . . . . :$ 488.16 :$ .1018.3/4 Total harvesting and marketing cost . ... : 175.50 : 550.00 Total crop cost . . . . .. : 671.41 : 1534.71 Crop sales . . . . : 1032.00 3080.00 Net return . . . ... :$ 360.59 :$ 1775.53 Food & Resource Economics--1500 DLB: sh . . . : . . . : . . . : . . . : |
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| MILLISECOND | CLASS.METHOD | MESSAGE |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | sobekcm_page_globals.constructor | |
| 0 | sobekcm_page_globals.constructor | Application State validated or built |
| 0 | sobekcm_database.verify_item_lookup_object | |
| 0 | sobekcm_page_globals.constructor | Navigation Object created from URI query string |
| 0 | sobekcm_database.verify_item_lookup_object | |
| 0 | sobekcm_page_globals.display_item | Retrieving item or group information |
| 0 | sobekcm_page_globals.get_entire_collection_hierarchy | Retrieving hierarchy information |
| 0 | sobekcm_assistant.get_entire_collection_hierarchy | |
| 0 | cached_data_manager.retrieve_item_aggregation | |
| 0 | cached_data_manager.retrieve_item_aggregation | Found item aggregation on local cache |
| 0 | item_aggregation_builder.get_item_aggregation | Found 'all' item aggregation in cache |
| 0 | system.web.ui.page.page_load (ufdc.page_load) | |
| 0 | sobekcm_page_globals.constructor.on_page_load | |
| 0 | html_echo_mainwriter.add_style_references | Adding style references to HTML |
| 0 | html_echo_mainwriter.add_text_to_page | Reading the text from the file and echoing back to the output stream |
| 23 | html_echo_mainwriter.add_text_to_page | Finished reading and writing the file |