Journal of the Rossica Society of Russian Philately

FA ,7(1tA n Coat
THE JOURNAL
of the

9 ROSSICA SOCIETY
of

RUSSIA,4 PHILATELY
Silver Medals at Belgrade National Exhibition "Zefib 1937"and
the International Exhibition. Koenigsberg "Ostropa 1935"
Bronse Medals at the International Exhibition "ran 1935"and
Vienna International Exhibition "WIPA 1933"
-Recentntnternational Awards:
Silver Medals at Berlin,'Bephila 1957", Paran,."Eficon 1958"
and Buenos Aires,"Tene 1958"---
Hamburg Interposta 1959 Palermo Sicilia 1959 -" Barcelona 1960 "

No. 59 o 1960

OPEAB ,

PYCI OrO 3APYGEUHOFO iHJIATFJIICM'ECKOro
OiIlmECTBA.
Editor
Dr. Gregory B. Salisbury
49th and Locust Streets
Philadelphia 39, P., U. S. A.

EDITOR IN C HI E

Ton. Memb. Plr. G. Bondareko-Saliwaury

RPBLISHER AND ASSISTANT EDITOR RTLISHER AND ASSTANT EIT(R
ENGLISH EDITION ER'SIAN EDITION

Hon Member. R. Sklarevski Hon. Member. A. M. RosselevitcA

BUSINESS EDIT OR

Hon. MerOb. A. lavrov

E DIT OR I AL B 0 A RD

K. Adler. Hon. IMembers A. Chebotkevich N. Karmilev E. Marcovitch

I N L E X

2 Qffiers of the. Society, Hon. Members and Representatives of the Society.
3 Edibiorll
3-4 Life'of the Society. President A. A. Ghebotkevich.
4' 'Life of the Society. r- o G. P. Salisbury. Tgec 5 &'6 Illu.trations.
7-13 Stamped Envelores of Imperial Russia. R. A. Sklarevski.
14-20 A New Check List of the Arms Types Issue of 1909-1923. Dr. C. de
Stackelberg.
21-25 Russian CurrencyStamps of 1915, 1916-17. tr. G. BSaliebury.
25 .29' Postal Issue and Overprints of Scuxth Russia 1918-1920. A. M. Rosselevitce
29-32 'Lst of Railway Routes 1912-1918. With Distances W. .E. C. Kethro &
J. Berry.
32-33 Varieties f- Watermrks on Stamps od Russia. E. Hanson.
33-34 Philatelic Notes. V. Rachmanoff.
34-47 Wenden ,cuzty Post. A. Rosse'levitch.
38-41 'First TUsag of Pre-v'encellation in Russia. R. dSklarevai.
42-43 The 1918 Posteards. Dr. A. 1, Wwtmean.
44.46 Chalk Netwark on the S'amps of Russia. A. M. Rosselevitch.
47 Incnoing letter from Archangel Russia Tied with a Three Cent 1851 United
States Stamp. ...
48-49 Tennar -Tauva. A Genorcl. Survey. A. Cromnn E W. S, E. Stephen.
50-51 London International Philhtolic Exhibition 1960. Dr. A. H. Wcrtman
51-52 Soviet Zemstvo Stamp. 1. Mdedmev.
53-54 hileately in the Soviet Uniarn P. Matiahev.
54-56 .I es, s tinting and Plate Characteristics of the On Rouble Amn Type
191M192 COsrist Issues 1910-1917 and Soviet Rtesia 19181923. J. Foha.
56-57 Nctes From Collectors. J. Berry, Zr. G. B. Saliburry, K. Adler, W. H,
H. addy;. D C. de Stackelberg nd V. Kmbaa.
58-61 Russian hilately at the End of the XIX Century V. A. Kbas.

#59 "T*a 1

OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY

JRESITENT A. A Chebotkevich 11 Clement Street, Glen Cove, New York
SECRETARY Russicn Spenking Section A. N. LOvrov
&ECETARY English Speking Section Dr. G. B. S-lisbury
TEASU'RER A. N. Lavrov
ASS. SECR. A. M. Rosaelevitch

HONORARY MEMBERS

V. P. Corny A. N. L-vrov J. Rubrch
A. A. Chebotkevitch E. I. .rcovitch G. B. Srlisbury
N. I. Kordrkov V. A. Rc.chm.noff N. A. Scvitzky
N. A. Kormilev A. I. Rosselevitch H. M. Shenitz
R. A. Skl.creveki

REPRESENTATIVES OF THE SOCIETY

NEW YORK GROUP V. Cerny.91-15, 68th Avenue, Forest Hills, Long Island, New York.
SAN FRANCISCO K Jonason. 624-16th Avenue, Son Frrncisco, C.lifornia.
WESTERN USA L. S. Glass. Box 36646, Wilshire L Brec Ste., Los Angeles, Ca.

ARGENTINA B. Riasnianski. L-rr2z8bcl 287C, Buenos Aires.
AUSTRALIA V. Tvelkmeyer. 45 Gcrnor'e Ave,, LUrrickville, Sydney, NS.W.
ELGIUM I. Brcunstein. 6 rue Mignot, Delstr-nche, Yaelles, Brussels.
BRAZIL (Rio Region). A. Vansovich. c/o Livraric Froitas Bastes, Caixa Poetal 899
BRA2IL (San Paulo Relon). P. Beloff. Rue Fedrozo, 238, Caix? Post 2960, San Paulo
CANADA G Rozdry Wodec. 29 Lyon Avenue, Toronto 1C, Ontario
FAJE A Liashenko. 1 Rue du Eocage, Pr-is 15, France.
GERMANY- Dr. Boris Woropinsky. -O01pestrasse 364, Kolno4erheim, US. Zone
GREAT BRITAIN J. Baryy. 77A St, J-'mes Road, Sutton, Surrey.
ISREL A. Trumpeldcr. Arba Artzot 25, Tol Aviv.

Views expressed by authors are their own and the editors disclaim any responsibility

Membership dues are $3.00 per annum for all countries. Application forms
"which must %e filled out, are available upon request. Kembershipe lists,code,
bulletins and supplements to membership lists will be sent oun annual. Kindly
make checks payable to A. N. Levrov instead of Dr. G. B. Salisbury

We welcome advertisements from members, non members and dealer's. Full page
Add. is $30,00, half page $15.CC, quarter page $7.50 and 5 lines $2.50. Members
of Rossica pay 50% of above rates. Net cost of an advertisement to a member is
25 cents per line. We have on sale some back issues of the Journal, both in
English and in Russian.

Page 2 #59

E D IT R I A L

It is indeed a pleasure to add the silver award, highest given to a journal,
"" of P 0 L S X A 6 0 et Warsaw, to the sevenother siLi;ar awards won during the
past three years of participation at the international exhibitions. The London
exhibition did not have any competition for the journals, only the books, and
even those were limited to a n'arow.sphera. Thus, at Warsaw, Barcelona, Johannes-
burg, the only other internationals in 1)6C we maintained our progrepas

We can not continue this pco unlessaw receive practical help from the three
hundred or more members. Too m7ny of our "recipients of the journals" have for-
gotten, or have pretended to forget the payment of their 1960, 1959 and ......yes,
quite a few....their 1958 dues., As the result, your Editor in Chief, and some of
his friends have dipped into their own pockets with the financial assistance. This
can not go indefinitely. Those of you who h.ve not fulfilled your obligations in
1960 will not receive any more journals. Those who are behind two years in dues
will be stricken from the rolls, It is unfair for those who pay their way, to
carry on their backs those who are inconsiderate. We publish four journals a year,
two editions of each issue. ThL stencils, the typing of stencils, the printing,
illustrations, covers, envelopes, postage for mailing the journals and membership
lists, printing of the membership and information bulletins, all of this take
money. The board of officers and the editorial staff donate freely of their time.
All that we ask is .that you do your part.

We have great plans for you magazine In 1961 we shall publish many fascinat-
ing and informative article's. We intend to add supplements to the journals, one
of which is a 48 page cumulctive combined index to all of the Rossica and British
Society Journals published to date, arranged according to topio and subject mat-
ter, a wealth of information for any philatelist. This great work was compiled by
Mesres. I. Baillie and J. Reynolds, and financed, on behalf of the Rossica members
by your Editor in Chief, at a cost of '50.CO. Please send in your dues, so as not
to miss out in 1961.

LIFE OF THE SOCIETY
by President A k. Chebotkevich

The officers of.the society congratulate the Editor, his assistants and the
authors on the achievement of the highest awards in the field of journalism at
UNI PE X 6 0 in Jaha-.Oberm,'" and P OLSKA 60 in Warsaw.

We likewise congratulate our U.S. members who won awards in London. We do
"-not have the lists of the winners from abroad. The Winnerst Gold-Silver R.W.
Canman and P. Davidson. .Silvor-Gilt R.S. Ehrmpa. 2 W. Dougan.

S Poldh-a Grand Prix dHoaneur was. awarded to Michel Liphachuts, who also recei-
t ved the highest awards at Palerme, Bercblora, as well as. at Warsaw. We congratu-
late Mr. Liphechuts and Hon. Member V. A. Rachmanoff, viner in.the literature
division'for their sucew b, and-for the honor which they brought to:Rossioa, at
Warsaw and elsewhere. Our member F. Billig is likewise to be honored for winning
medals at Johannesburg and Warsaw for his excellent books and catalogues.

Our t6p. in Belgium, I BrainAstein-reoeived gold medals in'Brussels, at the
national tlatalib x thibition for his collections of. air poet,.the.Consular Air
S Post and tk* Ar Post of the S age of Preanyal, Our member LydiasCallahan won the

9 Page 3

E D IT R I A L

It is indeed a pleasure to add the silver award, highest given to a journal,
"" of P 0 L S X A 6 0 et Warsaw, to the sevenother siLi;ar awards won during the
past three years of participation at the international exhibitions. The London
exhibition did not have any competition for the journals, only the books, and
even those were limited to a n'arow.sphera. Thus, at Warsaw, Barcelona, Johannes-
burg, the only other internationals in 1)6C we maintained our progrepas

We can not continue this pco unlessaw receive practical help from the three
hundred or more members. Too m7ny of our "recipients of the journals" have for-
gotten, or have pretended to forget the payment of their 1960, 1959 and ......yes,
quite a few....their 1958 dues., As the result, your Editor in Chief, and some of
his friends have dipped into their own pockets with the financial assistance. This
can not go indefinitely. Those of you who h.ve not fulfilled your obligations in
1960 will not receive any more journals. Those who are behind two years in dues
will be stricken from the rolls, It is unfair for those who pay their way, to
carry on their backs those who are inconsiderate. We publish four journals a year,
two editions of each issue. ThL stencils, the typing of stencils, the printing,
illustrations, covers, envelopes, postage for mailing the journals and membership
lists, printing of the membership and information bulletins, all of this take
money. The board of officers and the editorial staff donate freely of their time.
All that we ask is .that you do your part.

We have great plans for you magazine In 1961 we shall publish many fascinat-
ing and informative article's. We intend to add supplements to the journals, one
of which is a 48 page cumulctive combined index to all of the Rossica and British
Society Journals published to date, arranged according to topio and subject mat-
ter, a wealth of information for any philatelist. This great work was compiled by
Mesres. I. Baillie and J. Reynolds, and financed, on behalf of the Rossica members
by your Editor in Chief, at a cost of '50.CO. Please send in your dues, so as not
to miss out in 1961.

LIFE OF THE SOCIETY
by President A k. Chebotkevich

The officers of.the society congratulate the Editor, his assistants and the
authors on the achievement of the highest awards in the field of journalism at
UNI PE X 6 0 in Jaha-.Oberm,'" and P OLSKA 60 in Warsaw.

We likewise congratulate our U.S. members who won awards in London. We do
"-not have the lists of the winners from abroad. The Winnerst Gold-Silver R.W.
Canman and P. Davidson. .Silvor-Gilt R.S. Ehrmpa. 2 W. Dougan.

S Poldh-a Grand Prix dHoaneur was. awarded to Michel Liphachuts, who also recei-
t ved the highest awards at Palerme, Bercblora, as well as. at Warsaw. We congratu-
late Mr. Liphechuts and Hon. Member V. A. Rachmanoff, viner in.the literature
division'for their sucew b, and-for the honor which they brought to:Rossioa, at
Warsaw and elsewhere. Our member F. Billig is likewise to be honored for winning
medals at Johannesburg and Warsaw for his excellent books and catalogues.

Our t6p. in Belgium, I BrainAstein-reoeived gold medals in'Brussels, at the
national tlatalib x thibition for his collections of. air poet,.the.Consular Air
S Post and tk* Ar Post of the S age of Preanyal, Our member LydiasCallahan won the

9 Page 3

Randd Prize at the Woments Philatelic Exhibition in New York. We congratu-
late both and Wish them further successes.

All correspondonco for the Expertization Committee should be snt to
A. Rossolovitch, 90-51, 52nd Avo, Elnhurst 73, Lr I., N. Y. All information
pertaining to rules, costs, ctc..woro published in detail in the Journals
#55, 56, 57, and 58. All queries should be accompanied by return postage.

Chuchin catalogue for s-lo. Ruddian edition, 1925, bound and in good
condition. Contact A. I. Rcssclevitch.

Member #109 wishes to sell beck by Col. Rusanov. History of Loib
Guard Grenadier Regiment ". 12 illustrations, price $2.25 including postage.

Mrs. J. B. Sinnerberg, 816 Arlington Ave., Berkley 7, California is
selling duplicates from late husband's collection.

Member A. Sadcvnikov, 977 Fell St., San Francisco 17, California collect
Russia and will trade stamps of Europe and America.

.e have complaints abzut members who do not answer letters. Kindly
remember the obligations you asurmed upon joining the society.

Hon.-Member E. MIrcovitch left Venezuola and his new address is 10 Bd.
Princess Charlotte, Monte Carlo, Mlonacc.

We urge all members to support the society by prompt payment of the
dues, by contributing to the journal improvement fund, and by contributing
articles. We must stress at this tirm that none of the officers, or members
of the editorial staff receive any monetary remuneration for their services,
and the countless hours spent on behalf of the Rosaica Society.
0oo0cooco0ccoo

LIFE OF THE SOCIETY
BY Dr. G. B. Salisbury

Our President, A. A. Chebotkovich was stricken with his second heart
attack, as these pages ege being stenciled. He is now in an oxygen
tent in the hospital, and the latest medical reports show improvement. We
wish aar beloved President a speedy recovery.

President and Mrs, Edward J. Sparling of the Roosevelt University, pre-
sented Governor Averell Harriman, ex-Governcr of New York at a reception, on
the occasion of the presentation of our member Mr. P. M. Davidson's interna-
tional prise winning collection of philatelic Rooseveltiana to Roomevelt
University,

H. L. Lindquist, publisher of S T A M PS magazine, and President
Eisenhowerls appointee for ,hilately, on the Fsople to Ppople Committee Ota
tedeta hie feature page n'yws, Views and Commente" of Cotober 8, 1960 iauo
of S 1 A B P S, that the "Rcosica Journal is one of the -reateas of our spe-
aialist piblieetions, and h-s received mnuirou awardss t intemrntk nal ex-
hibitions the most recent having been a silver award t P 0 L S A 6 01.

Page A #59

j-LoLU!m KaTIO N FOR. y^Q_ n cH ftNQ^'5 HV-CLV re! r H N

rl

PNHOeM/AHQCTI< fo Ac bi% AHbK06 HA MRpKX(
r a.

1 0- o
i "" V'"1'1"

V--.RACHMANOFF'S ARTICLE_ PQRTI'

""PF 5
i- : : !c.

IL.LU-STRfRAT-O FO RR .SK LRC.SK'S FRRTICLE I

SFi. F 2 F e5

I t I

:7 NO' 96810 Nuten: IGNo
S\Me napast ca mie upont c
U C.-Ileep6ypclCoe rpiam p. ; peT. .me
'maemr \apasuE piupaui mone-

3aAxeie HlcKyeTr Miiepau. BoAl. ---
GfERMAN "CeRI QONS

Ha IUerep6yprcol cropout n AMeuMcapoeour nDaput,
6j-b KpIMn.
Nrterb OeUs-
e N' apeaut c-
pauatmweN ce-
6pINNoA Now-
rol.

St. Petersburg Private Post NoRMA
1864 private letter-sheet of the St. Petersburg Mineral Water Co. with "DR G 6 S.LLtS&i Ry !
handstruck 5k. red (Asher, pages 992), very fine and very rare, dated
"186-" inside (see Photo) 20 RR- IC t.. C
- Ditto, a similar letter-sheet, dated "187-" inside 20

.. O TOBAtI

7
... . .,

AR. A..H. WORrM r.'S A RTiC F.

TALMPED ENVELOPES OF IMIPALT RUSSIA
by R. Sklarevski
A bit of background on early stamped envelopes of Russian Empire is
necessary before a listing of the envelopes of the 1st. Period is given.
Most of the listings givn in foreign as well as English catalogues and
journals are based on the articles written by the noted Russian collector
F. Breitfuss in 1880 and 1881.

The original articles first ap-oared in J. B. Moens's "Le Timbre-Poste
Journal du Collectionneur", published in Erussels, Belgium in French. Al-
though the journal began itsA publication in 1863 and the first Imperial
Russian stamped envelope was issued on December 1, 1848, the articles in
question did not appear until April, lS1 (No. 220 issue of the journal).

The aforementioned articles wore not the first published, but they were
the first authoritative articles, gi-ving documents, history, listing, etc.
Those articles were preceded by a general article and listing of stamped
envelopes of the world, which began to appear in May, 1868 (No. 6 issue of
the journal) from the pen of Dr. Magnuss, under the title "Des Envoloppes
Timbrees". The section on Russia was published in February, 1869 (No. 74
issue) and continued in Marsh, 1P69 (No. 75 issue). The article in question
listed Imperial Russian envrlopeo through 1868 as-well as the envelopes for
the ST. PETERSEURG local post. Although Dr. Manius' articles preceded
those of Mr. Breitfuss, we consider the work of the latter more important,
as it is the basis of a more complete later listing in Russian, French and
Garman languages.
We must note here that the st-npod envelopes were collected long before
Breitfuss wrote his articles, sinco they wero chronicled in various stamp
journals along with postage, local and other types of stamps.

There have been a number of important collections built in our time,
the most notable being those of "Agathon Faberge", sold by Harmey of Bond
Street, London in November, 1939 and a more recent one of "H. C. Goss" which
was'sold by Robson Lowe, Ltd. in February 1958. The last mentioned
collection included a most complete group of Imperial stamped envelopes in
existence, many of which ara unique.

It is well to mention nero that a very complete listing of Russia
appeared in the "GataloCue for Advancod Collectors", which included postage
stamps, stamped envelopes and wrappers. It was written serially by Henry
Colln & Henry L. Calman, and the Russian section appeared in the August 1,
1895 issue of the Scott Stamp & Coin Cols. "American Journal of Philately"
in English.

Although the stamped enVolopes for the local use in the cities of
Moscow and St. Petersburg preceded those for the general use, we will dis-@
cuss these at some future date. We will also cover later the 1848 Tiflis
hand-drawn essays on the envolopoa.vhich have side flaps, and which woro
approved but never issued.

Before listing the envelopes issued we will describe paper, water-
mark, embossing, etc.

#59 Page 7

A Paper

One of the most important decisions to make after it was decided to
prepare the stamped on-mlopes was the procurement of suitable paper. In
April, 1848 the Department of Posts queried the "Ekspoditsia (The Paper
Works for the manufacture of special government paper)" as to possibility
of their preparing special watermarked paper for stamped envelopes. The
Ekspoditsia refused, stating that they were too busy with other work.

Following the Ekspeditsials refusal, the Post Office Department invited
a number of other paper manufacturers to submit a bid with samples of water-
marked paper. The government furnished the bidders with wire gauge for pre-
paring the design of the watercark.

The following Paper Works submitted samples of watermarked paper at
the beginning of May, 1848a

1. Peter Potchatkin, paper manufacturer in Krasnoe Solo,
2. Mrs. E. N. Kaidanova, paper manufacturer in St. Petersburg.
3. C. J. Yernakov and Nikita Fokin, paper manufacturer in St.
Petersburg.
4. Imperial Paper Works of Ropcha (Ropcha being a small village
in suburbs of St. RPtersburg).

The first three private manufacturers submitted superb samples at a
price of 7 rubles per reas, while the price of Imperial Paper Works was
from 7 to 8 rubles for the sanc quantity of paper of inferior quality.
The latter sent two samples, with a statement that their samples were pre-
pared in several hours and that a paper of superior quality could be deliver-
ed at a higher price.

The samples of the paper of the private factories had a checkered
watermark design surrounding all sides of the eagle, and all of the sample
sheets were folded quadrouple, not like envelopes, but like covers, while on
the other hand the Ropcha samples appeared that they were prepared to serve
solely as envelopes.

The Post Office Department undoubtedly desired to give preference to
the Imperial Paper Works, established and operated under the supervision of
the government. The three samples of the private manufacturers were sent to
Ropcha as examples, with a request for a price reduction to 7 rubles per
ream and a request for a promise delivery of 480 roams per month. The paper
was urgently needed for immediate use. The Post Office Department also
stated that the three competitors could furnish only 200, 100 and 300 reams
respectively, each roam composed of 500 shoots of paper.

On May 25, 1848, the Senate decided by an Ukaso to accept the proposi-
tion of the Department of Posts, and awarded the contract for manufacturing
of paper for stamped envelopes to Ropcha for one year. The first order, as
directed by the Department of Posts, was for 5,000 reams, and soon after
an order for 2,u00 more roams was placed with Ropcha.

In May, 1852, the Department of Posts renewed their request with Eks-
iRditsia to take over the manufacture of paper for stampid eavulapos, but

BPeo 8 #59

Al

Ekspeditsia again declined the offer, claiming that they were rushed with
ardors at that time, but would be able in a years timn to accept an order,
if the Post Office Department still was interested.

On May 17, 1852 a now order for 1,000 roams of watermarked paper wae
given to Ropcha, an.d n October 9, 1853, the Director of Posts addressed
Ekspoditsia for the th:i'r time, assuming that undoubtedly their offer would
be accepted this tico, bat to their great surprise they received the same
reply "too many orders, too much to do, impossible".

This reply did not scke the Post Office Department too happy, and they
mado a five year contract with Ropcha, under the conditions that the paper
would be of first quality without the yellowish tint.

Actually it was not until 1861 that the Ekspeditsia accepted a contract
for manufacturing of paper for stamped envelopes. One encounters Ekspedi-
tsia papei from 1862.

B. Embossing

The embossing for the stamped envlopes consists of two. parts; a center
picturing a double headed eagle, same for all of the values, and a circular
frame surrounding the center, engraved separately for onch value.

The two types of embossing usei, were as follows

1. December, 1848.

The bottom of eagle's tail is -flat, touching the talons of the eagle
at sidos. Lar-o crown.

2. 1849kand after.

The tail is slightly smaller than in the earlier embossing, the talons
are separated from the tail at the sides, and the crown is not as large."

There are two types of. poral "C" in "l0". Tp I smaller "C',
rare. Type II Larger "CO (normal).

It is interesting,to note hero that the collection of H. C. Goss
contained the following items:

a. 1C kop. 25 of 26 different cliche ;types.
b. 20 kop. 1 of 17 different cliche types, plus two sub-typos.
c. 30 kop. 13 of 15 cliche types, plus two sub-types.

C. Watermarke

There are three types of watermark, varying slightly in design and
incorporating a double headed eagle surrounded by a crown, with post horns un-
derneath the eagle. In the center of the eagle, in a small double framed
se4are there is a portrayal of S.. George slaying the dragon. The talons of
the'eagle grasp sceptre, and an orb respectively,

#59 Page 9

The three types of the watermark known vary in the design of the eagle.

T y I. Known as broad tailed eagle with spread out wings. The space
between the neck and the wing ends in a point. The eagle is
enclosed in a horizontal double framed rectangle surrounded
with quadrille work.

T y p e II. Narrow tailed olc with gathered wings. The space between
the neck and the win- ends is rounded. The eagle is enclosed
in a horizontal sinr.l-lined oval, inside of a double framed
rectangle,surrounded with quadrille work. The post horns are
as in Type I, with ends closer to the horizontal position.

Ty e III.- Watermark similar to Type II, except the space between the
neck and the wing ends in a square and the post horns are up-
right. Tho aforementioned paper is that prepared by Ekspe-
ditsia" and only 10 and 2C kop. envelopes are known on this
upper .

In orbossing the onvol oes i.th the stamp design it was possible to
place the poor in four different positions, thus changing the appearance
of the watermark on the face side of the cnvelore as follows:

a. Normal. St. Geore fz.acinr to the left. Sceptre pointing to the
right, orb to the loft.
b. Reversed. St. *C 3rr f-cin- to the right. Scoptro pointing to the
left, orb to th- ri,;-ht.
c. Normal Invert, Inverted of "a".
d. Reversed Inverted. Inverted of "b".

We nust warn the redeor at this time that of the four positions des-
cribed above, the positions "I" .nd "b" should be considered as normal, and
"c" and "d" as inverted duc to the fact that the paper wus positioned hap-
hazardly when the envelopes wore printed.

The following stamped envelopes, exist with the following watormlr.ks,
regardless of position:

Watermark I 1, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, La, !k, 4c, 5a, 5b, 5c, and 6.

Watermark II- 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, .e, 8L, 8Fa, 7Fa, and 9.

WatermarkIII- 10a, I0b, 11 and 11F.

The numbers given above are thoso of '.schor's catalogue.

Comparative usages of the onvolo-es of three values.

The 20 and 30 kop. envelopes were generally less used than the 10 kop.
because the public hardly 'know of their existence, and those that knew of
their esistonco preferred to dispatch their heavier letters by means of pre-
paying the postal charges in cash, which they considered a more oscure eothod
of mailing.

Page 10 ?#59

The sale of these envelopes was insignificant, except in principal
post offices of large cities. To give an idea of the sale of the 10, 20,
and 30 kop. envelopos, between the years of 1848 and 1855, we are giving a
tablo showing sales of the aforementioned envelopOs in all of the post office
of the Vologda Govermont.

_210 kop. 2k_ p.30 ko^_._ Tctal
1848 954 78 12 1044 The attached table
ind'icats that only 88 of the 30
1849 8728 143 32 .9C.3 kop. envelopes were sold in 7
years and we wonder how many of
1850 7952 28 1 7981 those were bought to be placed in
collections or as curiosities.
1851 10139 P, 12 10239

1852 11640 86 1 11727

1853 12026 13 12 12051

1854 14453 117 1 14571

1855 19111 110 17 19238

85003 663 88 85754

D. Sises of Envolo.os.

The envelopes were folded into the following approximate 5 sizes as
per ;scher:

a. 137 x 107 mm. c. 143 x 85 mm. e. (118 x 121) x (70 x 80) mm.

b. 142 x 15 mm. d. 135 x 85 mm.

The original work of Eroitfuss and Prigarats handbook (Russian) give
sizes in addition to the above, as well'as slight variations of the above,
but we fiel it is more accurate to use the standardized, approximately aver-
age sizes given by .cher. It is no point in listing minor variations in
sizes and confusing the reader.

To help the reader we are listing below existing envelopes in various
sizes, followed by LAcher numbers.

Sze a 1, 2a, 4a, 4b, 5a, Size c 4c and 7b.
5b, 7a, 7Fa, and lOa. Size d 7c and 7d.
Size b 2b, 3a, 3b, 5c, 6, 8a, Size e 10b.
8b, 8Fa, 9, 11 and 11F.

Breitfuss in his article of February, 1882 lists the following sizes
of envelopes:

1. 136 x 107 mm. (10 k.) *4. 123 x 90 mm. (questionable). (10 kop.)
2. 140 x 110 mm. (20 k.) 5. 142 x 84 nm. (10 Kop.)
3. 143 x 116 mm. (3 20 k,) *- unlisted by Archor.

#59 Page U

The sizes of the aforementioned envelopes waa inconwnient, causing
changes which are described in the following Section 1 of the Post Office
announcement, No. 18652, datod December 13, 1855. The following announcement
is addressed to the employees in charge of preparation of the envelopes.

"Count d'idlorborg, the Chief of the Departmont of Posts took into
consideration that the size cf starpod envelopes now in use is slightly too
small for the shoots of postal :apor folded in quarters. I am ordering that
the envelopes of slightly larger forrrt, for letters of 1 and 2 lots be
manufactured."

We are acquainting you with the order of S. .. dt'dlerberg, so that you
can put it into effect, and the Departr-ent of Posts attaches two samples of
the newly adapted envolo-cs.

D i r e c t A v o No. 18652 Director of Post Prot'-ovich Antonsky
December 13, 1855 Chief of Section W. Insaraki

With the aforecentioned order wore attached onvelopes of 140xO07Tm. and
145xll5mm. size, with an inscription in ink reading "Approved by the prin-
cipal Chief of the Department of Posts on November 29, 1855".

Although the twe envelopes are slightly larger than those listed by
Lschor, they fall into size a (137--2CC7rnr.) an! size b (142xl15mm.).

Another intorostinp general circular is No. 118, dated December 12, 1862,
issued by the Chief Director of the Posts, rog-rdinr the introduction of a
now format of the stamped envelopes.

"The Departnent of Posts taking into consideration that the stamped
onvolopes for 1 lot often were too largo for sending letters of sizes smaller
than one sheet of paper, propared onvlopes of 1 lot, in other than existing
format used at the present time, the two sizes being of smaller size."

"In advising the post offices, the Bureau of Posts added that those
onvelopes will soon be road, and will be sent to all of the Post Offices
for sale to the public, and that the price of all of those three sizes of
the 1 lot envelopes will remain the same. It will be sold for 11 kopeks
for each envelope of 1 lot.

D i r e c t i v e No.118 Director, Secretary of State Nikolai
Laube
December 12, 1862 Secretary V. Tchirikov

The sizes in question were 12-x76mm., which fall into standard size e,
and 134x84nmm. which falls into standard size d.

Page 12 #59

E. Simplos of Watermarked Paper

It is intorostin, to note hero that Fabero-- cclloetion had a 21 piece
collection of waterrorked paper samples submitted for ap-roval by various
paper mills, and including envelope samples sa esc, chos, ot. (sold in 1939).
The aforemenrtic-ed co;iloction after reposing fcr a numbor of years in the
collection if '- ics was sold _in n 195S. Tho catalogue of the afore-
mentioned s'- J'c:libed the lot as variouss Itoes which worn in the archives
of the Natic: &i -'inting Establishment, conprxJ sing small shoots (15 some
with marnuscz-l endorserc tsi), others cut into the form of envelopes (6),
three of thozo folded and one with inpressci black stamp, and other pieces
of paper, one with third ty-lo of Watermark". It would be very intorcsting
if the now ownor would writo an article on this interesting lot.

F. Cliche _;Cjs

Lschor's Nos. 1, 2, and 3 exist, as was stated before, in numerous
cliche types and sub-typos. It would be very interesting if the new owner
of H. C. Gossts lot 91, which included the aforementioned varieties would
describe and illustrate them on the pages of our journal.

G. Forms of Envolopos

There wore three forms of envelopes used, which are illustrated in
Figures 1, 2 and 3.

T y Lc f Used' through 1PS1 and again in 1863. Line C A B is
formcA of straight lines. See Figrao 1.

Soy P II Used in 1862 for 1C kop. only. Iine b is curved at 1.
Soe figure 2.

T po III Usfed in 1M62 an, 1C63 for 10 kop. only. Line C 1is curved.
See Figure .?

to be continued

Note: L future article will list the vriotios of first period known as
listed by .schcr, and resueos of Prigara listing, followed by the
original listing of F. Broitfuss as given on pages of "Le Timbre
Posto".

ooooocooococoCoooCoc'O cco-Cco22CC^2ooooc00 OOOOOCCOOOOOCOCOOOcooooOOOOOooo
0 0
o I buy and xchcn-ge paper monoy. Please contact- o

o 624 16 Avenuo
o o
o S.'. F5.TCISCO IS, CALIFaRM o
o o
000000000000000000C00000 00000 000000C 00OOO00 000OOOCO00000000000OOC000000

#59 Page 13

A NEW CHECK LIST OF THE RJMS TYPE ISSUES OF 1909-1923
by Dr. C, do Stackelberg
(continued from #58, page37)

The names of the colors used in the check list which follows are those used
in United States. i.t the end of the chock list a table will be included
giving the original namos of colors usod in the original article of Col.
I. E. Viobcrt.

Abbreviation "F. P." and a date in the table indicates the date when
the first printing was issued.

Abbreviation "X" indicates that a strip exists. If uncertain to which
printing period the stamp bolongs, the "X" is shown on the dividing line
between the two periods.

I. THE K OPEK VALUES

Period- I. 1909 to 1912
Period- II. 1912 to 1917
Pericd-III. 1918 (1920) to 1922.
Period- IV. 1922 to 1923. (Only L, 2, 3, 4, 5, an 1C kop.)

A Stamps printed in one operation:- 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 10 kop.

1 Kopek. Scott No. 73 and No. 119

P E R I O D S
I II III IV ill InI IV
(1). Colors P e r f or a t ed I mp r f.
a. Palo orange yellow (FF-1909) x
b. Orango yellow x x x x x x x
c. Deep orange yellow x x x x x x

(2). Errors
a. Chalk lines missing x
b. Offset x
c. Intaglio x -x
d. Double printing x x

$3). Porftration variotics
a. Rough eorforation x
b. Unofficial Perf. i11l x
c. Unoff. Rough Phrf. 11i x
d. Unofficial Ptrf. 11 x

(4). Proofs
a. Blue green x
b. Black on ordinary papor, imp. x
c. Gray green on thin card, with
chalk lines. x

Page 14 #59

I I IMT IV l II I
Pe r f orate d Impe r f,
1 Kopek. Scott No. 732a 11

(5). Specimon
a. Center punched
b. Overprinted with one letter x
of CR.ZETS on each sta p.

(6). Se-tenant
a. 1 hcp. plus 3 kop. stands, sc-
tonant vertically accross border
ra, i-.n of 2 sheet. '

(7). Color Trial
n. Yellcw croon on ordinnry mrpo-

2 Kopek. Scott No. 74 and 118

(1). Odlore
a.-Yellow rroon(FF-1909) x x x
b. Doop troon x x .x x x
0 Greon x X x x
d. Dull Green x x x- x x

(2). Errors
a. Chalk lines missing x x
b. Offset x
c. Offset of 5 kop. stamp "
d. Intaglio x x
e. Double print x x
P f GfCq cj n L4< LilkE, X
(3). Perforation variotios
a. Rough perforation x
b. 1 perforation hole missind-,
W. side
c. Perforation misplaced vertically
up, and horizontally to right. x I .
P VAtoFf/r,AL R,7 &1 T77TC. (T'Fct/iS );1 X
(4). kroofff
a. Brown x
b. Black, ordinary white paper, x

(5). 8Fecimen
a. Center punched -
b. Overprinted with one letter of
"abrazets" on each stamp.

(6). FakWes prored f.or collectors.'
a. Color changed chemically front
green to yellow (Fohs). x_

(7) Yarieties of paper
a. Thick paper
b. Thin paper
c. Gray paper i

#59 age 15

S I II IV II mI IV
.Pe rf or r I o d m p e r f,
2 Kopek. Scott No. 74 .

(8). Creases in Paper
a. Bent over corners and similar
irregularities. (Fohs)

(9). Bisected Stamps
a. Bisected horizontally x
b. Bisected vertically x
(Cancelled Revel, April4, 5 or
6 1909).

3 Kopek. Scott No. 75 and 121

(1). Colors
a. Rose rod (F. P. 1909) x i
b. Deep rose red x x x.
c, Carmine red x x x x
d. Brick rod x
e, Doop bright rod x x x x

(2). Errors
a. Chalk lines missing. x
b. Chalk lines reverse side only x
c. Chalk lines front and back. x
d. Offset x
e. Partial offset x
f. Intaglio x x
g. aLbino impression whole stamp x
h. Double print

(3). Ibrforation Varioties
a. Rough perforations x
b. Unofficial perforation 1- x
c. Unofficial perforation 11 x
d. Unoff. irregular porf. 11 x

(4), Specinen
a. Center punched
b. Overprinted with one letter
of "0brazets". x

(5). Creases in paper.
a. Bent over corner and simi-
lar irregularities (Fohs). i

"(6). rogfi
a. Black on whito paper
imperf. x J

Page 16 #59

I II III IV I IV
P Perf orate d Imporforato-1
(7). So-tc nant
a. 1 and 3 ko-:. so-tornnt
(Refer ti item 6 of 1 kor.) .
(8). F s:
a. Flaw L. "K C P instrci cf
"KOP" (.cf Rossica : P;. n
8C). On many sheets with P.::
"Krod. Tip. 19C9' and r.:. 5:
48th stamp on the shot. x
b, Flaw B. White s-ot ovrr the
pcricd found aftcr "KOF",
making it look li k a colon.
(Dato: 15.7.1910) Rcf. Rossica
7'36, 1939, Page 21F. x

4 Ko., Scott Lo. 76 and 122
(1). Colcr
a. Pale roso carrino x
b. Rose crmine x x x x
c. Rose rod x x x x
d. Pale rose rod x
o. Doop rose rod x x x

(2). Errors
a. Chrlk linos missing x
b. Offset x
c. Intcy.lic x x
d. Albino inerossion x

(3). FPrf oration vrriotios
a. Unofficial, rough and irrouilar
perforarticn 9c. x

(4). lisplaced orrforations
a. Across stamp and right x

(5). Spocia n
a. OvCrprinted with one letter of
"Obrazets" I x

(6). Creasos in Pa:or
a. Bont, vcr corners and similar
IrroguElaritics. (Fohs). x

(7). Proof I
a. Black on thin chalky papjr, I
porf. x

#59 Page 17

I I II I IV I I IV
Perfcr a tod Imporf,
5 Kopk stamp. Scott No77 and 12

(1). Colors.
a. Delicate lilac (F. F. 1912) x
b. Brown lilac x x x x x
c. Palo brown lilac x x x Ix
d. Deep brown lilac x x x x
e. Plun

(2). Errrcs
a. Chalk lines missing x
b. Offset x
c. Intaglic x x
d. Offsot on 2 koe. stamp. x
c. a.bino improssion (fra.ncr.t-
ary on one of two sti-:s
so-tonant) x
f. Double printing x x
g. Double printed and mis-
placed to N.W. x
h. Double printed and mis-
placed to S.E. x

(3). Perforation Varioties
a. Rough perforation x
b. Unofficial perforaticn 1- x
0I
(4). S-,ccicon S'/ 4/7 X
a. Center punched x
b. Overprinted with one letter of
"Obrazets" on each stam x

(5). Proofs
a. Oranpe-brown x
b. Lilac HI:: Chalky parer x
c. Violet black" x
d. Erown black x
e. Groonish black n x
f. Claret n x
g. Orange rod n x
h. Yellow n x
i. Dull blue n x
j. Grass groen n x
k. Black x
*Note: Yellow pc.per(Kraft p.-per)
(6). Color trial
a. Violet brown, ordinary paper,
porf. x I I

(7). Paper v-ioty
a. Soft paper (Fohs)
b. Yellow paper (Kraft) x

Page 18 #59

J II II. V II I IV

7 Kopek Scott No. 78

(1). Colors
a. Light blue (F. F. -19C9) x x
b. Blue x

(2). E-tcrsE
a. Chlk lines rising x
It.aglic" r" xx
c. Double print, rdsclaccA. t: IW x

(3). Porforaticn vnrietics
a. Iinpcrfcrate x
b. Misplacod vort. down and
horiz. to the right. -x

() Essays
a. Die 1. (Three pearls NW of
figure of value, instead of
four poarls, scroll at top
loft unshaded.) Dark blu, ,
no chalky lines, ir_frf. x
b. Same as "a",oxcopt with
chalky lines. x
c. Same as "b", excopt tote-
bocho with gutter nr-r-ns. x
d. Light blue, no chalky lines,
perforated, x
e. Milky blue, no chalky lines,
corf crtod. x

f. Die II. (Four pearls, NJ of
figure of value. Scroll un-
shaded as in Die I). Eluo,
thin card, no chalky lions. x

(5). f2oofs
a. p.l IIL1. The accepted die,
as I:, but corner scroll
shadefi; blu, card, no chalky
3-I. s,, x
b. Donp bluo, thin card, no chalky
"A.nns x
c. I*r3, Ch01l v. ard x
d. GrCocnish black,card, no chalky
line x
e. Turquise, card, no chalky
UIles x
f. Bright purple, card, no chalky
lines. x

#59 Page 19

SII V II i I II IV
Perforated I m p rf,
7 Kop, Scott No, 78
(5). Proofs
g. Deeo ochro,card, no chElk I
lines. x
h. Light reoen, instead cf blue. x
i. Light milky blue (Fohs) x

(6). mr ;
a. Thick pa-er x
(7). Error of Die.
a. So-tenant pair of Dies I and
III. ix

(8). Frko to defraud Post Office
a. Pair of washed stam-s, used
betwoon Petrograd and;
Vienna (Fchs). x

(9). Fekc to defraud collectors
a. Stam=: without chalky lines to
which the gun has been caddeo
after printing. Frcb-blyy
from printed wasto. (Ref.
Rossica #24, 1936). x

(10). Flays
a. Small white dot at the rirht
of neck of figure 7 and top
dot after "kop:" cha-njc to
comma*. x

to be continued

E X C E GE

o I offer entiros of -rentin-, 7, 1CC years of stamps (Corrientes,
o Confadoration, Cord,'.-a, -uenos Airos), stamps, 7'locks on letters:
o international exhibition "Eficzn 5 ", "Temex 50" in which Lcssic-
o Journal ccimpeted ean: won. IGY first flights of Transontinental c
o line "Comet 4", "luenos Aire New York", etc.

I will accept sta-:s ern- entire cf Pskov (ileekau) and IGY of
o the entire wcrl', -rctic an'. ,ntarctic covers.
D
0
o D. G. V 0 S NE S E N S K Y member of Rossica #336
3 O
oo000OO C ...3. -c.. ..,:o C. 00o O :ocooccO'O OCOcc OOooe(cooC o oc '

Page 2C '59

RUMNOV CtuENCY STIXPS CP 1915. 1916-17
by Dr. G. E. Sallsbury

In my .longthy, serialized treatise of "The Romanov Torcentengry Issue
of 1913, and Its Subsoaucnt Uso" in the British Society of Russian Philately
Journal (#8, 1952 tc 11il, 1953) I described in detail, the currency stamps of
1915 and 1916-27 (#r9, 231-236 and I11, p. 358). The bulk of research,
published in 09 is now 'urvailelc- t- the Rossica members, as it is out of
print and unobtainable. Licwisc, th' ontiro opus is in the English language
and thus closed to the mEmbers of Ra`oica who do not know.this language. In
view af the passage of tico, the cited circumstances, continuous queries
from the readers, an1 -'liti:nal i-ta accuraulated, the ori-inal text is being
rewritten and made available to our roaders. In the future issues, the study
of the Tercentenary Isoue, storte2 in the o'arly bulletins of our Society will
likewise be resumed, with a brief sunzcry of material in the likewise
obsolete Bulletins.

The issuance of postage currency in 1915 by the Ministry of Finance was
caused by the shortage of metal coins, in circulation. The population, scep-
tical of paper money in time of war -oplotod the usually adequate stocks.
Likewise the scarcity of notal ccinago influenced the Imperial Governient in
its decision to produce the thil cn -eboard currency stam:;s.

John L. Stroub, in Soetcmber 1927 issue of the ,,erican Philatolist orrs
when he says: "Mony and starnl shortagos in 1915 caused the roprinting of 10,
15, 2Ck. commemorative values on car-lbcard thus allowing for a double purpose
There is no record of shrt-Vre of stamps, there was plenty of poapr, cliches,
a well staffed, skilled rrintin:' istablishmont, and rioroovor, an ample stock
of the Jubiloe stamps.

They wore not produced to serov postal requirements, and the inscription
on the back proclaimed their true purpcso. There was absence of unm on the
back, for the sam reason: to eliminate postal use, and to provent paoer
money in stamp forn from sticking, ono to another. The cardboard tnicknoss
also made the use of those currency stamps most difficult for postage. Some
may say that the thickness of the aer and the lack of -un did not serve as
factors in the arguxrnt, for their inclusion in the stamp catalogues, or ex-
clusion, because the first stamp of Russia was thick and hard, that until the
papor was altered, stamps fell off the envelopes quite easily.

Stamps were typofraphec- on thin cardboard, using the cliches of the
Romanov issue of 1913, and iosued porforatoed 133. On the back of the currency
stamps, enclosed in a double linod vertical rectangle, at the top is the
Imperial eagle, and boncath it ia a five line inscription in black, reading
"Having circulation on p-r Aith silver subsidiary coin".

Those currency stamps are listed in SCotts, as follows:
fn back in a souble lined frame, beneath th
105 10 kop. blue Inperial eagle is an inscription in black,
106 15 kop. brown reading "Having circulation on par with
107 20 kop. olive grben silver subsidiary coins".

#59 Pge 21

We must point out that the purpose of these stamps was solely for cir-
culation as coins. They were decreed by the Ministry of Finances and not the
Postal Vodomstvo, in October 1, 1915 and distributed in the beginning of
November, 1915 to the government and private banks by the Treasury. Govern-
ment decrees forbade their use as postage, specifically and categorically.
The main reason was obvious. Cliches of the postage counterparts were used
in printing the coin stamps. Thus postage+ stamps with light postmarks, soile'
and worn could be easily used as currency. An order was given by the
Department of Posts and Telegraph, therefore to all the postal employees to
record all letters with currency stands affied for postage, and to levy a
100% penalty for avoiding the postal tariff.

Nevertheless many pecyle disobeyed the rules set down by the Ministry of
Finance and by the Postal Yedomstvo. Currency stamps passed off as stamps
and stamps at times slipped through as paper money. Some currency stamps
were glued to letters an' passed through the mails on genuine letters. These
are scarce and command high prices. However many wore philatelically inspired
and produced by philatclists and stamp dealers. A decree was passed to pro-
hibit cancellation of coin stamps, and this somewhat eliminated the problem,
but careless employees, or willing ones, let a number of letters with coin
stamps pass through the mails.

Mr. A. Schoindling, in a letter to the London Philatelist, November 1915
writes: "A very curious sort of !. star. or rather paper money, has been is-
sued hero of 30th September, old style. It consists of 10, 15, and 20 kop.
Romanov stamps, printed in shots of 100, ten horizontal rows of 10on carton
paper, perforated 13-, un uonod, but on the bac: of each stamp there is
printed in black a double-headed eagle, and the words, "it circulates in the
same way as the changing silvir currency" in double-lined frame. It serves,
as the inscription says, for changing into money, and has boon issued chiefly
as such in order tc work against the speculators who are buying up large
quantities of gold, silver an' copper money. The decree has boon issued tole-
graphically, and as the paper roney had to be made in groat haste, the govern-
ment made use of the Romanov cliches, as there was no other natorial to make
use of".

The idea of using money stamps was not original. Other countries had
used the same idea, and the United States issue of "special use stamps" had
the same purpose. It was likewise produced during the wars the War Between
the States or Civil War of 1861-5, because of scarcity of coins caused by
hoarding, as well as suspicion of paper money.

Currency stamps were not popular, since they became easily torn and
soiled. Decision to issue similar stamps of 1, 2, and 3 kop. denominations,
was delayed, and properations were even made to stop the issuance of any more
of 10, 15 and 20 kop. currency stamps. Nevertheless those stamps did replace
coins, and their use remained for sometime.

The 10 kop. coin stamp can be seen in many shade varieties of blue. It
pictured the portrait of Czar Nicholas II. There are imperforate varieties,
sometimes seen in large blocks, with a sheet margin. I possess such a block
and a pair (horinoutnl)s besides ti ashade varieties which range from light

Sbge 22 #59

to very dark. There are many varieties in which the portrait shows very
little highlight and even that is very dark. The right half of the face of
the emperor, as well as his collar show extremely heavy shadows which hide
most of the design there.

My collection has a stamp which shows a grid maskingof the cliche of
the portrait thus obliterating Czar Nicholas II's image, a revolutionary
item.

Besides the usual run of ,onuino : ostmarks on this stamp, a have a
number of forged Tukkum cancellations, also a forged Tukkum cover bearing
three currency stamps of 10, 15, and 20 hop, with crudely forged cancellati-
ons of Takkum, dated 15.2.19 "bt.

There is a genuine cover from Novgorod, registered, bearing 6 of 10 kop.
currency stamps and one, 15 kop. currency stamp, clcelled 23.11.15, addressed
to Zaitsevo, Nov. Gubornia. Manuscript "open letter declaring value of 230
rubles" and a label- of Novgorod town'post office. The writer erred for this
was a closed letter..

Also a 10 kop. currency stamp on a cover cancelled,Eolsingfors-Holsinki
in Latin and Helsingfors- in Cyrillic, with date 6.IV.17.

Also a post card from Kiev to Versaill-s, Francq dated 21.12.15, on post-
marks on 10, 15, and 20 kop. stamps, obviously a philatelic item.

Forgery exists of this stamp, as well as of th. 15 and 20 kop. values.
These are easily distinguished from the originals as.they do not have a
period after tho inscription. Backs of the ordinary Pomanov postage stamps
have been printed with Inscriptions, such as on regular currency stamps, but
usually of crude .appearance stupidly placed over the gum, in many instances.

The 15 kop. currency stamp, featuring the portrait of Czar Nicholas I
shows a wide range of color variation of cinnamon. I have a'n arginal, mint
block of four, imperforhto;, often considered a pro6f. My collection also
has a mint block of six, with misplaced inscription on the back, shifted so
That it covers the wide margin on the right side of the block. The perfara-
tions, correct on the face side of the currency stamps and .the inscriptions
on reverses Just to the left of the Imperial eagle above the inscription.

Besides cancelled singles with Kiev and Riga, postmarks predominating, I
have the following genuinely, postalIy used covers

(1). Registered open letter from Novgorod to Bronnitaa, Novgorod Gub. dated
4.11.15. Novgorod town post cancellation with manuscript notation
"Open letter with declared value of sum of 230 rubles". Five of 15
"kop. currency stamps are affimdI. Again the 'sae writer erred, since
the letter in question is a closed letter.

(2). A Helaingforss-felsinki oltter in Latin and Itelsingeors 4A. Cyrillic,
dated 23.IV17i with-a single 15 kop.. urrency stamp. The letter is
from Helsingfors to St. Michel.

w #59 Page 23

(3). Registered letter from Moscow to London bearing 10, 15, and 20 kop.
currency stamps and with postmark dated 6.10.15. Registry sticker
roads "Mcscou No. 2" The cover is backstamped with London red and
black registry rmrkings.

There are forgeries known of 15 kop. tamperings with the 1 kop. curren-
cy stamp, making it rosorn'le 15 kcL. Samu was done with the 2 kop. stanp
altering it' t 20 kop. currency st,-n.

There is the Odessa fcrrcr:.y of 1915, as reported by Dr. L. Snegireff,
who has a part of 308 confiscated from R. Feyvelevich, in Kherson, where
this forger and his accomplice, Kurgancv, palmed off forged currency stam;s
to the stores of Tiamchonrko, Horschkcvitch and others. Dr. Snegireff has a
newspaper clipping of that tire, and it gives the details of the crest.
The forgery is easily detectable. The portrait of the Emperor is vary crude.
"The Emperor Czar Nicholas I has an exopthalmos of the left eye and the first
three letters of Nicholas are identical, ie. "HHl" instead ofmHK9".

I have a crude forgery of the stamp, with the portrait, having but only
one thing in common with the genuine portrait of the Czar a moustache, which'
however curls upward and is the only dark part of an otherwise light print.
The inscription and the Ino:rial ogle eae elso extremely crude, sc is the
perforation.

Germans, during the :ar cf 1914-18 issuo- a forgery of 15 kop. and 20
kop. and spread it thrcuhcut Russiz via agents, so as to undermine the
value of Russian money and to destroy confidence in the Imperial Governacnt.
They are now very rcre, and it was my :ood fortune to obtain them from Hcn.
member Kardakoff of Germany, throu 'h the good offices of Hon. member A. M.
Rosselevitch. Most of those forgeries were confiscated by gendcrmos at the
border. On thohave on reverse, instead of normal inscription the following:

15 kop. Foroery Has circulation in the same way as thieving cheating by
the gorornment.
20 kop. Forgery Has circulation in the same way as bankrupt silver coins.

The value of each one of the afaromentioned forgeries is $12.50.

The 20 kop. currency stamp is found in a wide range of olive green. I
have one stamp with a crude rough perforation, also a marginal block of four,
imperforate. There is also a double print, one inverted. My collection also
has a block of 54 showing freak perforation cutting horizontally across the
stamps just below the portrait of Czar Ulelxnder I, and just above the "2C
Kop." value inscription. The lower end of each stamp is thus imperforate.
The top row of stamps is short, upper perforation is normal lower porfara-
tion is as described abovo. Second and third rows of stamps show lower half
of upper stamp and portion of stamp up to perforation below the portrait, thus
farming imperforate area between stamps of let and 2nd, 2nd and 3rd rows, 3d
and 4th rows. The bottom row has imperforate area between 3rd and 4th rows
as vell as below the perforation. The vertical perforations are not well
centered but are between the frames and do not touch them. Ierforations vary
from 13 to 13+.

Pige 24 #59

Forogries are known and have been already described.

Canoolled stamps in my collection are of Kiev, Riga and Vladivostok.
Forred cancellations of Tuklku arc also on hand.

Besides the covers describe' earlier which also had 20 kop. currency
stamps I have a genuine cover scnt fr-.n :.sccw to Georgotown, Domor-ra,
British Ouiana in South Lr.oricr, carryin< a 2C ko;. stomp canoolled 30.1.16.

Also in my collection is an intcr:tinr 20 kop. cover with rogirCtry
strike R. Kieff Bureau do Postc Ccntr. :o. 433 G. to Paris, France. It is
addressed to Monsieur Theodoro Char-:ion, fonous stamp. dealer and dated
20.10.15.

The Ministry of Financo, crtcr dolays and doubts finally decide' to
issue additional denominntions and theos will be covered in tho oxt issue
of the journal.

The fantastic overprints of FlryGian Cap and Swords, known as Revolution-
ary ovarrints, wore placed on the 'blcks of 4 of above 10, 15, and 2C kop.
currency stamps, as well as the abdication, reproduced from the I;owsP::cr
Izvostin, on blocks of 8. Al.l of thcse showed various varieties such as
inverts, etc.

Likewise fantastic postmarks wcre -laccd on this series of 10, 15, and
20 kop. currency stamps Biga L.tiwija 12.5.19 su-posodly by tho Rod army of
Occupation.

I also have Armonin ov'-r-rints of 1CCr. an-' tho Symbol of LAronia on
the same set of currency sta='s.

In my Ukraino collection, I have the over-rint of Kiev 4 on currency
stamps of 1, 3, 1C, 15, ?-n' 20 kc Those according to the late Capt. S.
do Shramohonko wore philatolic in origin.

to be continued

PCSTaL ISSUES ND OVrPR1loTS CF ScUTE RUSSIU 1916-1920
TContinucd frc-: i"58. Pago 21)
by L, -Ro selavjtoh

One of our roeadrs rcmiri d mo of two vtricties; not mentioned in my
articles. First,the i:uban ovorlrint of 3 rub. cn 4 kop. (Scott No. 25,
YvPrt No. 20) in which, instoan. cf l3ttor "Russian b" in ward "rublia", is
a numeral 6". Lccordinr to r correspondent, this error occursonco in a
shot, while the entire issue consisted of 2,000 shoots of 100 stamps cach.'

I was able to encounter siril-r errors on other Kuban overprints, but
they all were forgerios and many philatolists consider that-this variety is
always either a forgory cr a fantasy. My correspondent however insists that

#99 age 25

the error on the overprint of 3 rub. on 4 kop. oxists and it is not a forgery
by any moans.

Second the Crimean overprint 35 kop. on 1 kop. imporforato, (Scott
#51, Yvcrt hl) in which inst-.d of a period is found a comma. This variety
is shown in the Scott's catalogue under #51a. I have this stamp in a pane
of 25; it is the 81st stamp in the shoot, i.e. the first stamp of a second
row on tho bottom. Put this is not an crrcr in the full sense of the word,
it is not a true comna, but a nor. 1, normal period with dirt on the bottom
which causes a semblance of a .ri i. Thus it is not an error but a defect
of the cliche which is ropoatoed n all shoots, in the same place, In the
same overprint, on 63rd st.;- of the shot, is another variety: instead of
a period, a thin vertical dsh, i.o leofoctivo, broken period, with the
remaining right edge.

The last period of the Civil War in the South Russia covers approxina-
toly 7- months, from the day of evacuation of Novorossiisk, March 27, 1920
until the evacuation of Crimrna Novorbor 11 1920 (all dates in this article
are according to the now style or calendar). During this final period, all
Armod Forces of South Russia wore concentrated on the wrimoan IPninsul,,
which remained the last bastion of Lussia against the Rod Forces.

Briefly, the history of those final months cf strife is such: On 2nd
of April 1920, the Dritish Govornr.ont stopped all aid for the 'Xmod Force3
of South Russia, leaving thon to their Fate; On April 4th, Con. L. Donikin
loft his post and appointed as Cnnmandor in Chief, Gen. Baron P. Wrangcl.
In May 1920, White forces concontratnd in Crimoa, reorganized into the
Russian Arny, proparos f r exit frcn Crimea and advance to the North, on
Ekatorinosla., This c!vance bcEins on June 7th, and during Juno and July
1920, destroys 13th Soviet Army and the Cavalry Corps of Zjloba. The Russian
Army reached, in the autunn, rc-achod Dniepcr River and on Oct. 8th crossed
over to the right bark. At the sano time, in the mid le of August, a
dessant was landed in Kuban.

However on Oct. 9th, 1920, news cane that Poland concluded peace with
the Soviet Govrrnnont, which onablod the Soviets to throw all of their for-
cos against the Russian Army of Gen. Earon Wrangol. Under the prossuro of
numerically suloricr forces, without any aid from the nations of Western
Europe, Russian Army on Oct. 14th retreated to the loft bank of Dniopr,
and on Nov. 2nd to the position of Porokop at the entry to Crimea; On Nov.
llth 1920, an order was civwn to evacuate Crinoa, and on Nov.16 the last
units of the Russian Army and rofuroos, all in all about 200,000, left
Russia and departed for Constantincplo.

Let us examine this ,oriod philatolically adding to my date those
facts which wore presented by the late Hon. Member S. Manjoloy, in the
double numbers 22 and 23 of our Journal. From the moment of the entry into
Crime of all Armed Forces of South Russia, there woro in circulation staps
of Russia of 1909-1917 issue, both perforated and imperforate, overprints of
1916 of 10/7k. and 29/14k. and the Crimean overprint of 35kop. on 1 kop.
imporf.; there wore no other stamps or overprints of South Russia (Ukrainian,
Don or Kuban) sold in Crimean post offices and had no circulation there.

Page 26 #59

of stPe B % xtGBfeoB hntckWgh Command arrived in Crimea, largo supplies
From the moment the High Command arrived in Crimea, large supplies of
stamps of Gon. Denikints "Edinaya Rossia" wore placed in circulation. How-
over due tc the catastrophic fall of the value of the ruble, the Postal
authorities wore forced to raise considerably the postal rates and to osta-
blish payment of 5 rubles for an ordinrry out of town letter. Thus the
supplies of staml-s of small denomination hold at the post offices could not
be used for postal paymont, while at the sano time the stamps of ruble deno-
minations wore hold in insufficient quantity for the use of the population.
Thus, in the middle of Ausust 1920, a decision was reached tc overprint low
denominations 5 five rublos "s on or about 20th of August on Russian
stamps of 5 kop. porf. and inpmrf. (issue of those and others, all in all
28C0700, it seems samo quantity of each typo) A little later on the 35 kop.
issue of Edinaya Rossia" ( issue 26,600) and in the beginning of October,
on Russian stamp 20 kop. perf. (issue 100,500). The quantities given show
that evaluation of those stamps in the cataloguos is incorrect and that the
overprint on the 35 kop. issue ttE-!ir.aya Rcssia" deserves higher valuation,
definitely hihor than a dollar apiece. All of those overprints are of aano
typo, in throoe lines, black color and wore oxocutod'by typography in Sinfo-
ropol in the fornor Gubernia Typography. Stamps were overprinted in sheets c:
100, and stamps of 35 kop. in half shoot of 50. Although, on the whole,
the over+rints wore omxcuted cloarly however the typographic type was quite
worn and thus in each shoot onr can find small and largo varieties; diffr-
ent typos of letters "y" anx "b", short and lonp "r (p)", variety of short-
ness Russianlettor 'oil", squaro yoriod on 38th stamp, broken "n" on 40th
stamp and "Russian yal,' on 74th and 'Cth stamsn, also other small dofocts.
On some sheets are absent wholly or in p-rt lottor "c" on 18th otbirm
and on 29th after an unclocr letter "Lussian 'tci"1. Posides that, on some
sheets of 5 kop. imorf. a.ni porf., on 21st stamp there is l-mm. instead of
imm, between the letters "n" anrd ussiran:yr" in the word "pyat (five)", but
this error was corrected during tho ,rocoss of printing.

Besides these small varieties, there exist also great ones, sold at the
post office mixed with starps thr.t worer normal. First of all the shift of
the overprint to the top or tc the botUcnm so that on single stamps we find
overprints incomplete or in wroni- order: 5 piat" rubloi 5 piat" -
"A piat rubloi 5 piat rublo'". In a groat shift of the overprint down-
ward, in the 1st horizontl-. r'owof stas one finds only a part of the over-
print' 5 piat while thu word rubloi falls on the stamps of the next
row thus on all remaining stanps occurred rublei 5 piat ", while in the
last row word rubloi fell cn the lower border of the sheet, outside of
the stamp. In great shifts upwards, same occurred, but in opposite direction,
both,of those occurroncos are easily illustrated by the following schemes:

Thus on each pane rnd in each sheet, those marked shifts give two types
of overprints: incomplete in first cr last row (depending on the direction
of the shift above or below) and in other order in all remaining rows of
stamps. Thus in each piano of 25 cstnps there aro 5 incomplete overprintsa
and twenty in other order. As in the shoot there are 4 panes, thus there s
are 20 incomplete overprints and. 80 in other harder.

From this it is seen that the incomploto overprints are four timos

#59 Pago 27

scarcer than those which are complete. Shifts to the side are also encounter-
ed, but they are loss importantrnt, with the exception of 5 kop. imporforate,
in which a shift is known where 5 lies between two stamps.

Likewise there are known very rare inverted overprints of 5 kop. perf.
( 1 sheet ) and 20 kcp. ( 3 4 shoots ), double overprint on 5 kop. perf.
( 3 shoots ), 20 kop. ( 5 6 shcts ), ran' 35 kop. ( 1 sheet ); double in-
verted overprints on 20 ko, ( 1 stu.t ). Th:re is also data of oxistenco of
double. overprints on 5 kop. imrqrf., but neither S. Manjeley nor I have ever
seen them, although they are listed in some catalogues.

All of those errors hrve bcon indeed sold in the P. 0. together with the
normal sheets and are not typ-orrnhical proofs or waste, nor are they cf
speculative nature. They are actually very rare, and the given number of
shoots in the previous paragraph which were sold, is confirmed by several
collectors who wore in Crim-c at that timo.

All of the overprints were mado in black, without any shine to the ink,
as the type bocamo moro worn, overprints became thicker or weaker and i poorly
visible, but those latter ones were coro rre.o Shoets are known with an-ular
numerals 2 and 3 ( 5 kop. perf. ), 4 and 5 ( 20 kop. ) and 1 ( 5 kop. imp-
erf. ). All ovorprints also o)ist fcreod, manufactured in Western Europe.
These overprint forgorios are quite crude, and often with unclear and ille;-
ible postmarks; they are done by hand stamp, or by lithorTaphy, in black
dull color, numerals and letters arc of entirely different shape, and only
in the overall characteristics resomnlo the o:cnuine overprints. ForForios arc
quite scarco.

During the brief Crinean joriod of the Civil War, post functioned normalJ
both in Crimoa, and in that -art cf Ncrthern Tauridip. which was occupied by
the Russian Army, i.o. between 1orokop and Dnieper. Eut when it became known
that the further printini- of these overprints was ended, the collectors main-
ly foreigners, Enrlish and French sailors, began to buy up at the P. 0. big
quantities of those overprints an' all stams which were on sale. In ;rdor
to overcome this, the Post in the beginning stopped the sale of koyck values,
as unsuited for payment of corrosiondence; likewise an order was issue not
to sell more than five stamps to a person, also they were cut to the center,
so as to render them valueless for philately. In many instances letters wore
paid for by money without affixing the stamps.

All of the four Crimean overprints of 1920, 5 piat rublei are espe-
cially scarce cancelled, while letters and postcards with those stamps, normal
ly sent through tho mail are rarities deserving a very high valuation. Also
rare are all stamps without overprints, Russian and Edinaya Rossia with
the postmark ef trimoan F. 0. of this period of 1920. This is explained
mainly thus, all those who were ovacuatod from Crimea, could not take with
them their belongings, under these conditions no one thought of saving their
letters and archives. The remdaning populace in Crimea lived through such
terror, after the departure of the Army, that they had no thought of stamps
or letters. Thus majority of letters was lost, destroyed or discarded, anc
generally only a few stamps from those letters sent to Western Europe, Turkey
and Balkans wore saved.

These four overprints of 5 piat rubloi concluded the postal emis-
sions of South Russia 1918-20. After the occupation of Crimea by the Soviet
forces, the P. 0. had no more of these overprints and letters were sent froe,

Page 28 #59

while the registered letters and money orders were paid by Russian stamps
without overprints and possibly by the remainders of the issue n Edinaya
Rossia which remained in supply in some places.

I have already described in detail in 155 of our Journal, the final
philatelic ovents in Crimea, prior to evacuation. The value of the rouble
fell constantly and the living uxponsos rose so that a newspaper cost 1,000
rubles. Thus paym-nt of an ordinary letter by a 5 ruble stamp became insig-
nificant. In view of this the post rates wore increased to 100 rubles for
an ordinary letter and plans wvro made to proprre over prints South Russia
100 rubles on stamps of 1 kop. perforated an- imporf, In my article in
#55 I already described the history of this isuuo, and of these overprints,
and various proofs; thus I shallnot repeat myself.

It is necessary however to state again that these 100 ruble overprints
were never sole: in any post office in Crimea and they appeared only abroad,
after the evacuation of Crimea, as unissuod postage stamps ". Those never
paid any postage on any letter and cannot be seen in cancelled condition,
except for fantastic and forged cancellations.

We must take into consideration one fact; Mr. X, about whom I had al-
ready written, had a gcnuino canceller "Sevastopol 2" carried out by him out
of Grimea and taken with him to Western Europe.

Although I have not as yet met any overprints of 100 rub. on 1 kop. with
such a postmark, fabricated abroad, it is said that it exists. This is -ono
instance in which philatelists may be led to confusion; All remaining ox-
amples of those overprints in cancollol state have unclear, illegible,
or with traces of Latin letters, which is ansurd.

I do not boliove that forged overprints exist, and I have never heard
about them. Th. so overprints South Russia 100 rubles appear to be the
only speculative issue of South Russia of the Civil War period: all other
overprints and stamps of original designs Eon, Kuban, Edinaya Roscia "
of Gon, Denikin, Crimean ind Gen. Wranrol 1920, all were issued because cf
existing postal nood, all wore normally sold at the post office and served
for payment of postal correspondence. This fact favorably distinguishoo
these issues from many others, issued in the same years, by other governments
and armies, in other sections of Russia, among which are not a few issues
having a more speculative than postal character.

Stamps of South Russia 1918-20 deserve attention of philatelists and
they present great interest for specialists.
00000000000000

LIS OF RAILWAY ROUTES 1912-1913. WITH DISTANCES
compiledd from Russian Time ablo)
continuea from _58, age 310)
by W. E. C. othro & J. Barry

NAME PF COMPANY R 0 UTE KNOWN AS VERSTS

Yuzhnala Poltava Lozovala Kharkovo- 165
(Southern) Kherson Nikolaov Nikolaevskaia 58
Kirikovka Akhtirka 16

#59 Page 29

AME OF -C -PAY RB-0 T Z KNON. D ER33
Yushnmaa Baronlia Lobodinsksd L Kharkovo- 33
(Southern) Romni Krenchug Nikolaevskaia 201
Piatckhatki Znamerka. 104
Lokhvitsa Gadiach 40
Merefa Liubotin 17
Kharkov Vorozhba n 235
Khnrkov Nikolpov 561
Kursk Kharkov Lozovaia -
Sovastopol Kur k-Khark 937
Sevast.

Kleinmikholovo Oboyan Oboyanskaia 30
Bielgorod Kupianak Kursk-Khark-Sevast. 148

Novo Alekoiovka Goniehosk 14
Dzharkoi Foodosia 111
Foodosia Vladislavovka Kerch 101
Kromatorskaia Popasnaia 79
Slavianak Rarnaia n 8
Konstantinovka Yasinovataia 47
Lozovaia Nikitovka n 168

Uroch Arkhangolsk NG 787
Yaroslavl Ribinek 79
Alokaandrov Ivanovo 193
Novki Morokhta 166
Severnaia S. P.B. Viatka 1156
(Northern) Ivanovo ineshm 87
Zvanka Govtinopolio 12
Moscow Smvelove 121
Moscow Rostroma 348
Alokeandrov Kirzhach 30

Nikolo Kozolak Apostolovo 40
Dolgintsovo Volnovakha 399
Dolinskaia Khartsizsk 511
Dolginteovo Verkhovtsevo 112
Zaporozhe Trituznaia 10
Charlino Dordiansk 193
Dolgintsevo Nikolokozoldk 42
Kolpekovo Pervozvanovka 34
Yekatorinindkaia Kupiansk Millcrovo 396
Nikitovka Popasnaia 50
Karavannaia Debaltsevo 121
Krindacheoka Shtorovka 13
Yasinovataia Yolonovka 56
Mariupol Zvorovo 34
Debalteovo Nikitovka 30
Ochoretino Nikitovka 45
Rostov Nikitoka 231

Page 30 #59

NAE OF COMPANY R 0 U T E KNOWN AS V S

S Volgo-BuIulmin kaia Chasovnaia Equglma 340

Riazansko-Vla."imirskaai Liazrn 71.afinir 196

Sibirskaya Chclia inck Ir.nkcntiovskai-L 3059
Tr.i,. Tomsk 82

Troitskaia Folctacvc Trcitsk 103

Bogoslovskaia GcrcTlTShodtskaic Nra:rihdinskii 182
Viya Nizh. Turinskii Zavco 12

Vi-.tk Kotl.a 359
Viatka Cheliebinsk 1035
Porn Tokarorinburi' 469
Nizhni Taril N. Sr1da 59
Permnakia Yokrtorinburr Tiumop 3C4
Chuso2vk.iAn Scloverni 196
Kr lino Lisvinski 20
Kopi Lunc vk 7
Dolgdanvich Sinrrskair 38

Orel Gria.zi 29C
braf akaia iancn 16
Orfaskn.i Annr 83
Oriazi Tsaritsin 565
Yuo-Vostochnaia K ozlov Rostov 70C
(South Eastorn) Kharkcv rila.ohov 630
A rGAcsinkcvo Uriupino 33
S Dc 'aia Krovomuzinsk.ia 18
Lik iaa Tearitsin 357
T-.ai-r-a K la.ch 88
Yulets Valuiki 310

Chanchin Dairon
Mukden Antunson
Yuzhno4-anchurakaia: Mukdon Chonchinchai
Taehichaio Ingkoy
Dniro n Kiuchun

Eiakaia Eiak Soscka

#59 Page 31

At rf COMPANY 0 UTE 7ERSTS

kAmavir-Tuapsinakeya Armavir Maikop

Riazan Kozlov 200
Moscow Kozlov 374
KashLra Vonov 61
Bogoyavlensk Sosnovka 79
Tr oeurovo Yolots 133
In&iovka -Inzhnvino 39
Tambov Kamishin 445
Smolensk Io oyavlenak 576
Kozlov Saratov 422
Riazansko-Uralskaia Vortunovskala Dokovo 14
Tavolzhanka bPnza 245
Letiazhovka Turki 13
Atkar sk Volsk 235
Atkar k Balanda 80
Sazanka Astrakhan 620
Urbach --Uralak Part NG 324
Petrovsknya Sloboda Sazanke 15
Ershov Nikolaevsk Uraldkii NG 88
Krasni Kut Aleksandrov Gai NG 142

00000000000o0000

VARIETIES OF WATERMIIRKS ON THE STAMPS OF RUSSIA
by B. Hanoen
(translatod & reprinted from Rosica Journal 5)

Watermarks on various issues of the postage stamps of Russia are well
known to every collector# and in the majority of catalogues, main categories
are discussed in sufficient detail.

Thusp in our article we shall limit ourselves to those varieties which
may present new intorost to the members of Rossica.

We know that on postage stamps of many nations, same types of water-
marks are encountered in various positions, depending on the position of the
shooeet of paper during printing. A sheet may be placed by the printer:

a. Normally or correctly c. On reverse side.
b. Upside down (inverted). d. On roverse side, upside down.

Considering the issues of Russian stamps of 1866-1902 years, selecting
more easily acquired stamps for all collecteas 7 kop. of 1889 issue, print-
ed on horizontally laid paper qnd watormarked with letters U E Z G B "
(which were initials of Expoditsia Zagatovleaid GosydarstvennhIh Bumag or w
the Government I"P Works).

Sine the watermarks can be more easily studied by placing the sheet of
stamps or single stamp, with the reverse Vwhite side up, we have to remember
which position we ha-v first determined as eaorrct so ap not tbbe mixed

Page 32 #59

up. in clasW fiction, utilizing the' tried and true method, and we should
prepare samples which should aid us to quickly and umnrringly to establish
the position of the watermark.

Let us fold a quarter sheet of paper in half and cover with two sided
sheet of copying paper. Let us Trite on the top line letters E Z G B and
then unfold one quarter sheet. We shall theh have a scheme of letters, as
we see on the 'back of the stamp shoot, normal when the sheet during printing
was placed

1. Correctly 3. Roeorer
2. Upside down 4 Reverse, upside down

Please note the illustrations.

As each of the four letters is seen in four different positions, we
will have to select 16. vriotiosr of watermark. If we remember that begin-
nine with 1902 watermarks wore changed from horizontal to vertical, to
complete our collection we shall ne.d 16 now varieties, thus a single ordina-
ry 7 kop. Russian stamp will show 32 varieties of watermarks, selection of
which is not easy but interesting.

The scarcest watermarks are those of. the rd category and 4th. Those
of 2nd category are doubly frequent, while the Ist'category is most frequent.

In percentages we can conclude the following
1. 50%. '2. 25% 3. 15% 4. --10%

I was able to accumulate a complete set of watermarks, only after great
efforts and time, during,whicn I was forced to examine no loss than 35,000
to .40,00 of 7 kop. stamps, so as to have not only 32 varieties, but to have
them in an acceptable and superb condition,
"0ooo000000000000

SW 0 PIII LA T E L I C NOTES
S_ b V. A. Rachinoff
Fist Russ4an Postal Gancollations. of the Town of Vllna

After the third partition of Poland when the tcin of Vilna was trans-
ferred to the Russian Empire, the Vilnv. post office introduced for use
Russian postal cancellers, in which the name of the town of Vilna was written
in large letters in script resembling handwriting. These postmarks were in-
troduced after 1800, as I have in my collection a letter from 1800 still with
the Polish postmark T I L N A& enclosed in rectangular frame.

These Russian postmarks were in my collection which, to my sctrow, was
destroyed by fire in Warsaw, and there wore four or five varieties. Tharkff
to Dr. L. 8. Snegireff I can show two of these, of 1806 and 1811.

The most interesting of these cancellations is in word Vilnop where
the typesetter placed tuordi znak ( hcar sign ) instead of miagbki znak
(soft sign) between letters "1" and "n" of "Vilno"-. Eventually the correction
was made

#59 Page 33

Both of these varieties with the hard accent letter and after correct-
ion, with the soft one, wore in my collection, but I do not remember the
type. It is posesble that some members of Rossdca may find another such
oxumple with the I hard accent n and may photograph same for our readers.
Those Russian postmarks are found in red and black colors.

Dr. Salisbury informs no that ho has a type similar to the 1806 type
which is also underlined, it is of 18C9 in red. The letters are formed a
little differently produtcod definitely by another canceller. (All three
typos are illustrated)o

Interesting rsitcard of World War I (1914)

I acquired recently a iostcrd of the First World War, sent by an
Austrian Captain of the 5th TUhlan rcgimnnt whoso honorary chief waa Em-oror
Nicholas II. Interesting and eye arrosting is the f act that it has the
imprint of the postmark of the roginont with the designation of the namo of
the Honorary Chief, the Russian Czcr, inspite of the fact that the card was
sent on Octobor 30, 1914, when the war was already in progress 3 months.

The two line purple cancollaticn roads -K. u K U ULANEGINENT

NIKCItUS II KAISER von RUS.SIAND No. 5 on a beige Hungarian postcard

"TAf1nRI PFSTAL IENEUZCL.'J with the PungSiian crown and post horns on the
loft and, Tabori iosta on the right upper corner.
oocooocooccoo
00 0000 00000 00

SWEN EN COUNTY POST
by A. Roscolovich
(continued from 7;9. Tare 42)

Next in order, stamps wore issued, designated as No. 4 in Scott and
Yvert *atalogues. This issue was made in 1866, and repeated in 1870 in other
shades of color; for this a cliche was utilized of the 1863 issue, on which
the thin groon line disappeared, encircling the central oval. Thus, as I
have already stated stamp with this groen line (No. 4a) is not a variety of
No. 4, without lines, as we could deduce from the data in the catalogucs,
but to the contrary, starps without lines present a later issue of stamps
than with lines of 1863 yoar. UI-cn a very careful oxarination of stamps of
the 1866-70 issue, we can notice on some stamps some traces of this disap-
peared greon lino, scmotimos several small dashes, oftener only one or two
green dots.

This issue, is again imperforato and without designation of value, and
the stamps were sold for 2 kop. coach, as all others of Wondon, outside of
the peaket stamps of groen color of 1863. The issue of 1066 was printed on
gray-yellowish paper and it has yellowish white gum; the colors are bright-
the frame raspberry narmino, but loss raspberry in color than the issue of
1863, oval yellowish green. Issue of 1070 made on yellowish white paper
with white gun. Colors loss bright, often quite dull, frame brick-red,
oval green and less yellowish. There are known very rare trial impressions
of black color with empty white center, or with the greon oval. There is

Page 34 #59

also a very rare teta-boche, which is found once in a sheet, in the issue of
1866. Speaking of tote-bocho of Wonden and of inverted backgrounds of issue
1863, it is interesting to noto that actually the network of the background
was not printed in inverted position in relation to the network of neigh-
baring stamps, but the black inscription. Sheets of these stamps had six
rows of three stamps in each row, rll in all 18 stamps. On the lithographic
stones all 18 dosigns of the backcl;runds were placed in same straight upright
position, but the stone for the b1l.ck inscription had three inverted designs
and 15 upright. This concerns reso ancd TOcn stamps of 1863 (for lottors
and packages). As for the yellow -nd procn stamp for packages, the relation-
ship is ooctly the opposite. Shoots of papor with printed background wore
used for printing inscriptions in inverted position, which gave to each sheet
15 inverted and 3 upright positions of the background. This explains why
rose and green stamps with inverted background are more scarce while yellow-
green are less scarce, than the stamps with normal background..

Teto--ocho of 1866 stamps also happens to be an accidental error, which
is explained thus, that the top and bottom of those stamps differ very little
from each other, which was the reason for appearance of lying stamp on a side
in the shoots of #l.

The issue of lP66-70 although printod rcouratclyhowoeer lines and
letters are crudor, edge of oval not even and stars in the corners aro often
formless. Normal cancellations for those stamps as for the previous issue,
two crossed pen limns, ofton, oasidos thio, on the edge of the stamps can be
soon part of Russian postnarks of the city of Wonden. Stamps cancelled only
by one such canceller are vory roro, but one can ob wary of meeting such stamps
with the pon cancellations washed off.

Reprints wore made of thesc stamps in 1G8C according to the order of
the Director of the F. O. of Wondon. In those reprints, the green oval is
more narrow, and has a 5 mm. width, instoad of 6 mm., frame is rose rod, more
or loss dark. In comparison with the criminal stamps, the design of the re-
prints as in all others of IG'C an)- reproductions from 1863-1870, there is one
characteristic detail, namely a roe 'ine which surrounds the rod oval ribbon
around the groon oval. In tho originals of all issues this lioo is thin to
the left and thicker on the right sidole; 'sides it has a break below, little
in stamps of 1863 and wide in stamps of 1'64 66 70. In all reprintings
of all issues this rod lino h.s samo thickness throughout and there are no
breaks or tears anywhere. Those roprtintinc should be priced considerably
less than the originals about 4 5 times cheaper. Stamps of this issue
also exist forged; they hr.-: same characteristic features as in earlier ones,
they are printed crudely, rr carolosely, color is muddy, dull, lines of the
oackgrcind are mied up and unclear, with Trocks and white spots.

In 1871, the design for the now issue was completely reworked (Scott No.
6, Yvert No. 5). Changes affoctod all parts of the stamp including the
letters of the inscriptions, and only the overall outward view resemble the
stamps of the previous issues. Differing from them, all details of the desjrn
wore excutod most accurately, and clonrly, there is a great regularity in te
lime of the background and in the half circles on the oval ribbon.

Stamps are once again imperforate and without signs of value, printed on
white paper, whth white gum, placed evenly and well. In the spaces botweon
the stamps there are dividing angles, dosignate4 by thin rod linos, in some

/#59 Page 35

stamps one may note that the lines of external red frame, cross over the
angle and extend beyond the stamp, to the sheet margins, extending up to 1 mm.
Stamps are printed in rod color with rose shade, but not raspberry shade
center oval dark yellow green. As for the frame, so for the oval, thoro are
some shadings from dark to more light color.

The reprints of 1800, as in the earlier ones, were printed with new
lithographic stones, the design, and moasuremonts differ greatly from the
original stamps. Besides differences in the design of the background, ins-
criptions and corner ornaments, central proon oval already has 5 mm. width
instead of 6 mm. Colors are quite pale; frame light-rod, oval light yellow
green; darker shades are met but much loss frequently. Besides those re-
prints, exist reproductions of 1C93, printed by the order of Von Khirchoit,
Director of Wendon P.O. At the time when the now lithographic stones were
used with new designs, for the reprints, the reproductions were printed on
old stones; the cesi4n of the reproductions is thus the same as the originals,
but loss clear especially in the lines of the background; as the lithographic
stones were worn anu lost their clarity. Colors are pale; rose or light rose
frame, and light yellow green oval. As for the forgeries of this stamp, until
now nothing has boon reported and probably they are not in existence. The
stamps are not scarce, thus their falcification presented no potential profit
for the forgers.

At last in 1872, there appeared the first perforated stamp of Wooden
(Scott and Yvert No. 7). The entire design presents a new composition and
only the overall general view reminds one of the previous issues. The central
oval is no longer green but rod, and in it are placed the arms of Wondon
district, the Arm of Knight in armour, appearing out of a cloud, and holding
an upright sword. Around the oval there is a green lime and a green oval
ribbon with the inscription in white letters. The'frame has no inscriptions
and the stamp again has no indication of value; the lines of the background
are interlaced horizontally and not vertically, as in the former ones. The
entire design is thicker, all lines are heavier and cruder, letters of the
inscription are also cruder, but all oval lines are correct and clear. The
perforation is 12-,and not 12-x13, as mistakenly stated in the Soviet Cata-
logue, paper is thick, yellowish white. There were two issues of this stamp
In one the gum is crude, brownish yellow, in the other light, slightly yellow-
ish. The frame is bright orange-red, oval ribbon dark green or dark yellow-
green. The perforation of most of these stamps is very poor, which is ex-
plained by the thickness of the paper, and poor quality of the perforating
machine; frequently one finds places whore perforations did not go through
the paper, thus causing tears and ruined perfs in separating of the stamps.

Proofs exist imperforate, printed' in red and black colors. The proofs
are very rare, and are priced no less than 10 times higher than the mint
stamps. At the same time there are no reprints, no reproductions, no forge-
ries of these stamps. There are no examples, in which green color has a
"bluish shade, and sometimes dull blue rather than green. This is not a vari-
ety, but a chemical changeling created to fool collectors and to create.fan-
tastic varieties.

This stamp completes the series of issues of 1863-72 in which the pre-
dominating color was red or dark rose of the frame, and absence of indication
of value. Description of cancellations on these stamps belongs to a field of
detailed specialization, thus I touched this point in general terms. Once
again it is important to note that normal and usual cancellations on allof

Thge 36 #59

those stamps is a pen cancellation of crossed lines, sometimes accompanied
by the Russian postmark of Wendon, part of which is seen on the edge of some
stamps; postmark of other postal establishments of endon district aprpar
rarer. This pen cancellation was at times washed or cleaned off to pass the
stamps off as mint one, or as having only the round postal cancellation, but'
this operation nearly always loft traces: a good magnifying glass always can
oppose lines, remaining from the I-on lines, besides this reacts on the color
of the stamp which Icsos its bri.htncss cnd freshness. Thus it pays to ox-
amino very carefully all Wcndcn stanps of palo color, or having some kind of
lines and spots on the central -roon oval.

This becomes understandable if we tako into consideration the difference
in the valuation of Wendon stanps cancelled and mint. Separating theso
stamps according to scarcity, we must placo in the top spot as rarest, stnars
cancelled only by one postal canceller, then in the second place, uncanocllU.
stamps with full and penuinc oun, 3rd spot is for uncancelled stamps without
gun, 4th. for stamps pon cancelled, having part of the Russian postal cancel-
lation on the edro of the stanr-, and in 5th place stamps with only the pen
cancellation. Thus, for the sano and average consideration of all issues,
we should price stamps with ostal canceller postmark 20 -50% dearer than
uncancelled with complete conulne rum, the latter 2C 25% deorer than the
ron cancelled onos.

Entire covers, with stamps of Wonr.on, are very rareo and ccmnandr high
prices according: to the quality and freshness of the stamp. Letters addros-
sed within the Wondon district were pa71 by merely the Wondon stamp. Those
letters which wont beyond the limits of tho district, to other parts of Russic
or abroad, were covwrol .' oth by the stamps of Wondon and stamp of the
Russian Empire. Thus, as in aeso -f the letters with Zonstvo stsmps, the
fact 'of having both tyles of sta-.s, tho Wondon and the Imperial Russian, on
same cover, cannot 's lookod, at as an error or as a rare exception. To the
contrary, this was a normal procoauro and was according to the postal regula-
tions according tc which, the stamps of Wondon has postal validity only within
the border's of Won"on district.
(t: 1e continued)
^CC0000C.OCCOOC000000000

o 0
o R U S S I A--P 0 LAN D--U NI TE DNAT I ONS o
o o
0 0
o Now issue Sorvioe, covers, varieties and errors. o
o Also want lists are filled. Russian Empire and o
o Zonstvos are alsp sent on approval. o
o 0
0 0
o The L. & F. S T AMP SERVE I CE o
o 1
o o
0 Lox O1l Grand todRoy Michigp, o
0 0
oooo00000000oo0O o COCOOCCCCOC2OCCOOCC0COOOZOO,300000 OOO000C"OC0oCOOOOCC -0OOOOC

#59 Pago 37

FIBT USAGE CF RE-CANCELLATION IN RUSIA
by 1R Sklareviki

The first usae of pro-cancellation in Russia to pre-pay postage ocurrod
in 1864 by authority of the St. obtorsburg Private Local Post. Although F.
L. Ereitfuss, an eminent Russian collector and writer, and later Dr. Z. Ascho:
considered the item under discussion as postal stationery it is without a
doubt also an example of procancellation ure and simple.

As far as we know there Pre only two mint copies known to exist. It is
quite possible that other co-lios are r:csincl in some collections.

The cancellation or the handstruck marking, which we shall describe
later, is found handstruck on the order blanks of the St. Petersburg Mineral
Water Company, whic- was situated on St. f'otorsburg side of the Aleksandrov-
sky Park, near the Fortress.

The cancellation through its 1064-1071 usage did not change, although
the blas did. The blanks exist in two types. The two types, although
recorded since May, 1882 did not appear publicly on sale until the well
known collection of Agathon Febergo was dispersed in a series of anros in
1939. It was described as follows in the aforementioned sales

Lot 363. Private letter-sheets, Mineral Water Company, St. Petersburg.
2 items. (Thoro were no illustrations).

H. C. Gossls sale of 1950 sold agnin the same two items, but separately,
with an estimated value of each rs L 20. They were listed as follows:

te 7. 1Y64 Frivate letter-shoot of St. Petorsburg Mineral Water Ccmjpny
with handstruck 5k. red (Aschcr, pa:e 992), dated '186', on crder
side Additional Note: Unpricad by Aschor, Size 115x220 mn.

Lot 75. Ditto, a similar letter-shoot dated "17"1 inside,

Those pre-stamred or pro-cancolled letter-sheots or order blanks woro
given free to the customers of the St. bPtersburg Minoral Water Company.
After the blanks which bore the adiross of the company on the side bearing
the hand-struck marking of the St. ibtersburg Private Local Post wore filled
in by the customer, they wcro returned by the local ST. Petersburg Post to
the Company. We are illustrating a portion of the front of the letter-sheet.

Front. Handstruck cancellation of St. OPtersburg Local Post in red color.
in the top right hand ccrnor of the letter sheet. (l6t 74 Goss).
The adiross is in 4 lines, and roads as follows:

To St. Petorsburg
Lranch of the Minoral Water Company
On the St. Ibtorsburg Side of the Aleksandrovsk Park,
near the Fortress

On page 122 of his handbook Prigara states that the marking was made
either on the left or on the right side of the blank. The only illustrat-
ion we have seen is on page 9 of the H. C. Goes Russia sale, and there it
is unquestionably on the right.

Page 38 f59

Rewrpe Side. The reverse of the letter shot is a blank or a fcPk the text
of whih wa4 to be used.for ordering various types of waters sold by the St.
Ebtersburg Mineral Water Ccdmpany. There wore tvo type of blanks used,
differing in the abbreviation for the year date.

The two typos of the blanks cre as follows:

Type I. 186_ ".

The aforementioned blank was proproed to be used first in year 1864,
sometime after N'o9 mber 24, when the permission was granted for pre-striking
"the blanks. They woro useod through yoe-rs 1I64 (little over a month), 1C5,
1966, 1867, 1i60, and 1r69. Since 6CCC blanks were pre-struck by the St.
Xbtersburg Local r.ost office each year, beginning in 1l64'thr6ugh 1S'69, in-
clusiWo, or a total of six ybars, the total number of blanks bearing abbrovi-
ated lorm date of "1V6 handstruck and delivered to the company was 36,00C,

Tseo II. n 187_ "

The aforementioned blank for the years beginning with 1C70, and it is
the sam as type I, except numeral 6 in abbreviated form of the date was
replaced by a numeral 7 t. The aforementioned blanks wore used in 1L7C
and in 1871 (portion of the year only, for -they were suppressed in August,
1871). Again 6,000 copies were pre-struck each year, thus making the total
number issued of this type as 12,OCC0.

Handstruck Marking.

SThe .hanstruck marking is always in rod, in form of an oval 30 mm, high,
without indicated value. It was sold by the post office to the Mineral
"Water. Company at the rate cf 5 kop. per strike applied on the blank. Sinco
the aforemontionod letter sheets wore in use for C years and the St. Peters-
burg Local Post Cffico colloctod 300 rubles each year, the total amount of
money collected from this project was 2,400 rublee

The inscription, inside of the oval, starting at top right and going
clockwise, reads S. F. Lurg City Post t. In the center of the oval is the
Double headed eagle of the.Empire, and post horns underneath.

General Data
These pre-stamped or. pre-oancollod letter sheets or order blanks were
given gratis to the customers of the Company* After the order blanks which
bore the address of tho company on the front wore filled by the customer they
were left at the St. BPtorsburg Local Post Cffice for delivery tq the Mineral
Water.Company. The regular procedure was then to return these letter sheets
to the-ompoay, which used thom as records for billing and..other purposes.
Eventually all of these blanks, both mint and canoolled, in the bands of the
Company were destroyed, as. usoldsa. records. F. L.Dreitfuss discovered this
handstruck item in 1802, or olov6n years after they became useless and obs-
lete. We consider the mint copies as the ones that were never filled by the
oustomer with an order data, and cancelled ones were the ones that were filled
with an crder, the difference thus occurred on the reverse side. The front
side of the mint and canoolled letter sheets were exactly the snme.

#59 Page 39

F. L. Dreitfuss writing in I Le TimbrO Poste "(May, 1C=) under the
title Unexpected Discovery of a Russian Stamp i. Dy chance I have dis-
covered a St. Petersburg local which was issued in i64 and suppressed in
1871. I am also attaching a letter from the Dureau of Posts in St. Btera-
burg which follows: "

The letter is date- February 25, 1^2, numbered 7769, and is from the
Ministry of the Interior, Fureau of Posts, St. Petersburg.

February 25, 1CC2 No. 7769

"In response to the request of the honorable citizen, F. L. Drditfuss,
the St. Petersburg Dureau of Posts corraboratos hero, that at the request of
the Mineral Water Company of St. Tetorsburg, the late Director of St. Peters-
burg Post, and Secretary of State Laube, on November 24, 1C64, gave a permis-
sion in writing to the aforementioned company, to send their order-blanks
stamped with a red cancellation of the St. Petersburg Local Post, instead of
using the regular postage stamps of the Empire. For cancelling each letter-
sheet of the Company the Post Office received 5 kopeks. In August, 1S71, it
was decided that this type of frarning was contrary to the post office regu-
lations and the practice was definitely suppressed. At the present time the
aforementioned system is no longer being practiced and the canceller original
used in franking is no longer in existence. "

The Dureau of Posts is returning, enclosed, to Mr. Dreitfuss the
crder-blank of the Mineral Water company of St. Petersburg, franked with the
canceller mentionodabo'o. "

Siper Assistant Director of Posts De Lomann

Co-aineor Zatraposnikoff

Assistant co-sirner A. Shvarov

The following paragraphs are quotes from the article of Mr. Droifuss:

"0 The cancellation Fonrs the arms of the Empire, the value (not indi-
cated is 5 kopek and the impression is in rod made by handstamping, "

Unquestionably it appears th-t the Mineral Water Company, located in
the Alokeandrovsky Park, used the cancellation on their order blanks, which
they gave gratis to their customers. These cancellations apparently fall
into category of envelopes and post cards of Great Britain with embossed oval
impressions, which wero not issued for general use, but were made to order, "

SIt is nearly eleven years since the St. Ibtereburg Local Post roce-
ied ffr the last time from the Aleksandrovdky Park establishment 300 rubles
for the 6,000. order-blanks. ( Droitfuss wrote this in 18G2, or 11 years
after the suppression of the practice described. Asst. Ed.)

Iage 40 #59

The Director of Receipts of the Local Post of St. Petoreburg, as a s-
h i quel to the decisiat made by the administration, defaced the canceller by
filing a cross over its face; this crncoller thus defaced could not be used
again. "

Since the oxistonce of the 3 kop. postal cards for the local use, the
aforementioned ostablishmert utilize' theso cards by printing their current
price list on the mosango sido of the c.-l as well as their address. *

I have contacted the Minoral l:'.tcr Company with the purpose of obtain-
ing some order-shoots. Their reply was that unfortunately all of the shoots
in question were burned up. "

I am onclosing with my letter an onvolope on which you will find in
the left corner an inferior reproduction of the aforementioned frank in
black. "

The aforementioned quotations evidently are the sources of information
far all data known on this issue.

Neither the Faborpo catalgueo, nor the irigara Handbook illustrate the
item in question. It is illustrated in H. C. Gossts catalogue and the hand.-
struck franking is in the top rifgh-t h'n corner.

We are inclined to thirk that an oxrnmlo of the strike in black that
was sent by F. L. :roitfuss to Lo Timbre Posto with his article in 1C&2
was an essay, comprising the first trial printings with the oval hand stamp.
n example of this essay was list I in Fatorgots sale (lot 365) and illustra-
ted.

It would be very intorosting at this tine to determine how many mint
(ordor not filled in) an? useo (orCor filled in) examplos of the handstruck
cancellations of Tyro I and Typo II are known to exist ( ;o I 1 1'_ "'
and Type II 1l7_ ), as well as the position on each one of the frank,
i.e. whether it is in the top loft or the top right corner. The latter
portion of the quorr boing from the point of interest only since duo to the
human element we must realize that when one is franking thousands of sheets
of paper on the reverse side of a blank ho does not know and does not care
whether the blank is upright or inverted.
0OCC300000O000000000

OO000COOCCCOcCOCCo ^c coC ^- C ,2 -, c-,- CoC
0 0
o W N T E D o
0 0
o Russo-Japanese Wrr Matorial, or any Russia used in Manchuria. o
o o
So I am interested in anything Manchurian and philatelic. Also want o
o o
o Russia used in Alexandrotta and Trmnu Touva.
o o
o Raymond S. Ehrman 46" Woodland Road Pittsburgh 37, Pa. o
o 0
O00000OOOOOCO'CCC co-'"occ'O oC':-'02o'03?cO0,O C OCOC 00COO 0'

#59 Page 41

bA,

SW 0 1918 P 0 ST C ARD S
by Dr. A. H. Wortman

The stationery postcards issued after the Revolution with no crowns on
the heads of the eagles are well known unused, but they are decidedly scarce
in used condition, used that is, at the proper time in 1917-10.

Two which came into the writer's possession recently are of special in-
torest because of their connection with the exile of the Tsar and his family
shortly before their excuticn. They came from a Russian aristocrat living
in London and wero passed on by a mutual friend with the story that they were
from a member of the royal family cr one of their ontourr.ge while in exile.

It was observed that they wore written in pencil, they contained phrases
such as I am well ", T-eo care of yourself ", and I embrace you and
they were signed "Izya" They wore addressed to Anna Ivanovna Medor in
Tobclzk, one originating in Tiunon, 9/22 May 1912 and arriving four days later
and the other Ekaterinburg 13/26 May 191C arriving on 7th Juno. Six weeks
later the royal family had boon oxocutod.

From the historical point of view it seemed worth while to try to find
out the identity of both the writer and the addrosaoo. President of L.S.R.P.
Fete Ashford suggested that the bock "Loft Tehind" by aLroness Sophie ux-hoo-
voden, published in 1929 might holy. and this provided to be a very happy
choice. The copy in the r.S R.P. Library was borrowed and after comparing
dates and so on, it bocane obvious that "Izya" was the raroness and Anna
Ivanovna Meder her companion M1iss Annio Dunsiro Mathors an old Scots lady who
had been her governess.

Daroness Euhoovedon, whose father was Russian Minister to Donmark, was
a Lady-in-waiting to the Empross Alcxandra Feodorovna, and was living with
the Imperial family at Toarskoc Solo Palace, where they wore all imprisoned
after the March revolution. She elected to go with the Imperial family when
they wore sent to Tcbolak by the Koronsky Government, but an attack of appon-
dicitis prevented her doing so. however one evening in Decomber 1917 she sot
off by road accompanied by Miss Mathor, to join them, taking nine days to
reach them in Tiumon. They later accompanied the Imperial family to Tobolsk,
where Miss Mathor obtained lodgings apart from the others. The Dolshovik
regime was introduced here at the end of February, 1910. '" We Cot letters
now and then", she says, all censored officially by the Commandant and
unofficially by the Soviet, Ioth incordng and outgoing lotters. "

Miss Mather remained in Tobolsk, and the raronoss accompanied the Imp-
orial family when they woro sent back to Tiumon. They arrived on 21st May
in charge of a new Connandant, a former stoker namod Khokhriakoff, who was
"controlled by his assistant, Rodionoff". The postcard illustrated beers the
cancellation of Tiumon 22 5 1, written therefore the day after the arrival
of the Royal party in Tiumon, and it has pencilled across one corner on the
reverse side Prosm. Rodionoff 1 ('Examinod by Rodionoff") in well-formed
script. The Daroness tells Miss Mathor I am installed in one little room
(tkayut1) ." She accompanied the Imperial family on their last journey to
Ekatorinburg, Miss Mather staying in Tobolsk.

SPge 42 #59

On 13/26 May she wrote again to Miss Mather on a similar postcard from
SEkaterinburg. This card does not have a censor's inscription. The Baroness
in fact had been told by Rodionoff that she was free. The Emperor and
Empress were imprisoned in the Ipatieff House in the center of the town, and
the White forces were approaching. On 3rd June she was ordered to leave
Ekaterinburg, so she went to Miss Mathor in Tobolsk and both returned to
Tiumpn where they taught English. The Imperial family and some members of
their suite were executed on 16th and 18th of July.

Miss Mather died of ontoric over early in October, and no doubt the
Baroness took possession of her effects and her correspondence, which includ-
ed these two postcards. She was able to make her way to OmCk, where she
went to the British and French Military Missions (no covers from here unfor-
tunatolyt) and later reached Vladivostok after a Journoy of 14 days by the
Trans-Siberian Railway.

Philatelically, the cards are of some interest. The rate for an inland
postcard in this part of Siberia at this time can, on the evidence of those
cards, be established at 20 kopoks. The first card, which is illustrated,
is frankod by a 10/7k. perf. arms typo in the usual shade of blue, the chalky
network having thin lines, and a 5k. lilac-rod, perf. arms type with medium
broad chalky network lines in addition to the printed 5k. stamp. The cancel-
lation is TIUMEN a 22 5 18, and the arrival mark TCBCLSK b 26 5 18.
The Tiumen cancellation looks as though it is from a locally-made handstcmp
with its curious "T" and "E". However a TIUMEN "v" of 25 7 16 and a "b" of
22 10 17 have boon soon on other corroopondenco with the same kind of lotter-
ing. Maybe they were all made locally. This is the card with the pencilled
script oensorts mark.

The other postcard bears a 15k perf. arms type, brown lilac with blue
center, and with thin network lines, to mako up the 20k rate. The cancel-
lation is EKATERINBURG VCKZAL 27 5 18, of the usual oval typo with a small
six-pointod star at each side. The arrival mark is Tobolsk "b" 7 6 18, an
eleven day journey from Ekatorinburg, but at least the post did got through.

The printed stamp and the eagle without crowns on its two heads have
already boon illustrated in Rossica in Sklarovkil's article on Postal Station-
ory, on illustrations B9 and D5 on the pago facing p. 32 in No. 55
0000000000000000

OOO OOOcoo3COCOoc0OCoCCuC':C "c COcccCOOOOOcCCOCCOOOOCCOCCOCOOOCOO00C00OO
o 0
o UKRAINE o
0 0
o All parts, all time. The World's largest stock of stamps, entireso
o 0
o covers, money transfer cards, otc. Also wanted same material and o
o o
o Ukrainian paper money; officials and locals.
o 0
o John Pulat 141 Elm Stroot, Yonkers. Now York o
o 0
o o
ooooooooooo0000oooo00ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo0000000000000000000000000

#59 ?ago 43

CHALK NETWORK ON THE STAMPS OF RUSSIA
by A. M. Rosselevitch

In oornection with the interest shown by many authors towards the
issues of Russia, 1909-18 (23) we should comment on the so-called chalk
network covering the surface of the stamps of this issue. This is apropos
as the expression is completely wrong, although it is used by all, including
the Russian collectors. It is likewise erroneous to allissue "Issue of
Russia with the government arms, 19C9-23, or simply "Arms Type". Beginning
with the first stamp of Russia 1Y58 a.nd ending with the last issue of 19C9-
23, all of the Russian stamps have the control oval with the double headed
eagle which was the seal or the Arns of the Russian Empire. The oxcoptions
to this were the Semi Postal stamps of 19C5, 1914 and 1915-16 and the Jubilee
Series of 1913. Besides these "special" stamps, all otheryrogular postal
emissions show the Arms of the Empiro, thus there is no foundation to call
only one issue of 19C9-23, thc"Arns type", in which 2/3 of the stamps repeat
the designs of the previous issucsp

Prior to speaking of the "chalk" net work, let us discuss the reasons
for its appearance. As in Russia, so in many other countries, the Postal
Administration had to fight off efforts of washing off postmarks front post-
age stamps so as to use them again. In Russia during the second half of
19th century several times, discoveries wore made of private individuals and
of entire gangs, organized to perform such operations as to cost the govern-
ment large losses of revenue. In order to combat such operations, Postal
Vedomstvo decided to cover all postal papor with a special preparation.

When the first Rusdian stamp of 1858 was being prepared a lightly gray-
ish, hard and springy paper was used. Aftorwards, when the gum was applied
to the other side, it was found that the paper contracted so much as to cause
sheets and separate stamps to turn almost into a tube. Thus, to ountoract
this contraction it became imperative to cover the face of the stamps by a
special preparation. To mcko the surface of the paper whiter, and to render
the blue and brown colors clearcr, a certain amount of chalk was added to
the preparation, mixd with insoluble components. Thus, the insoluble layer
prevented the contraction of the shoots because of the gun, the surface be-
came lighter, but also so permanent that the stamps of the first issue could
be freely washed, oven in very hot water.

However# during the first months of 1858 it was discovered that efforts
were made to remove the ink or pen cancellations for reuse of stamps. It is
possible that this was also done with the postmarks thus, beginning with the
next issue (1858, porf. 12) a preparation was used in which the chalk con-
tent was increased and there was a decrease in insoluble components. Simul-
taneously a thinner paper was used so as to hold the stamps bettor on the
envelope and to prevent it from snapping off.

The new preparation.was so sensitive to dampness, that the efforts of
removal of the postmark resulted in spoilage of the design, and this is most
evident on the issues of 1866-75 whore the percentage of chalk was greater
than in the previous iscuos.

In the following issues between 1875 and 1909 percentage of chalk was
again decreased as the design of the stamp lacked permanence and spoiled
even from ordinary contact of damp fingers of the mailman, not to speak of

Page 44 #59

rain, or fog, during the forwarding of the mail. Thus for all of these
issues a change was again made in the surface covering agent, rendering it
nearly insoluble. These stamps can be washed with cold water and the design
spoils after use of hot water only, or prolonged washing, or because of use
of certain.type of soap, or certain chemicals.

In 1908, apain a discovery was made of a gang which sold stamps with
washed off postmarks, especially of 7 and 10 k. values. Cleaned stamps
wore laid one next to another so that tho perforations accurately correspond-
ed to each other. Then, along the linL cf perforations thin strips of trans-
parent paper wore glued, to hold the stamps together, then a forged gun was
applied. Thus largc blocks of stamps, and part shoots were created which
were sold at a discount of the face value, in small shops in the provinces
and villages where they were sold singly. When this was discovered, and the
gang was imprisoned and exiled at hard labor, the Postal Administration was
forced to seek more effective neons of combatting such operations.

A now method was utilized for the issue of 1909, which received from the
majority of the philatelists a name of "chalk" network. This appolation how-
ever is completely erroneous and it leads researchers into misunderstanding.
Actually, the entire surface of the shoot of printed stamps received an inpri.
of colorless network duller than the paper, and placed over the design of the
stamps. For this network, a chalk preparation was not used, but an entirely
different preparation, into which entorod special, insoluble in water, varnis-
ing components. The result was a transparent colorless, dull varnish; lines
of not can be seen only when the stamp is examined at an angle to the light.

The special colorless -reparation used fqr printing the net, was roceivoc
from abroad up to tho War of 1914. When, because of the war it became impoe-
sible to use the samo basic parts of this colorless varnish, and its chonical
components as before, the preparation was altered and it became slightly yel-
lowish, later even yollowish-brown.

The statement that this network was printed with a chalk preparation is
wrong, so is the statement erroneous that it was printed under the design of
the stamp, io.. prior to printing of the stamps themselves. Those who so
think, suppose that upon the effect of washing the post-mark, chalk lines
would dissolve, and with then the parts of design of the stamp which were on
the top of those lines of network. This is untrue, and if it were so, all
cancelled and washed stamps would be cut by white lines of network.

In order to wash off the postmarks, people who engaged in this work, did
not use water but special chemicals, which dissolved the black postal cancel-
lation without spoiling the colors of the stamp itself. An ingredient was
"seed for printing the network, which upon the use of these chemicals gave a
chemical reaction as follows: Colorless network dissolved, removed the colors
of the stamp design, under the network, and the stamp became covered with
white, crossed lines, i.e. booame completely ruined. Thus efforts to wash off
the cancellation by the usual moans caused spoilage of the stamp itself. 4

If this network was actually of chalk, i.e. dissolvable in water, the
result would habe been different. It would have washed off in water, and with
it, would have washed off portions of the cancellation which foll on the
lines of network. But those parts which flol between %no lines would have re-
mained untouched, thus the cancellation would have been partly washed off and

#59 Page 45

the design of the stamp remained unspoiled. Not one major oatlogue employs
this wrong term "chalk" line network. The Soviet catalogu speaks of special
preparation Yvert calls it varnish, while others give it various names, but
do not specify its content. Regardless, this errneous term chalk net-
work became the usual and accepted term employed by maty. It is necessary to
add that chalk is not transparent. It is impossible to prepare a colorless
and transparent preparation urin opaque chalk. If chalk did actually enter
into the preparation, the net on the stamp would have been seen as white or
pale white lines. But this is not so, and we see the network only when strong
light at an angle falls on the shining surface of the stamp. And then we
see not the color of the net but dull, colorless lines. This again proves
that the net is not of chalk.
00000000000000

00000000000000CO00000000000OOOOCOO0000OOC000000000000000000000000000000000000
o 0
o NEW HILATELIC LITERATE RICE LIST o
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o 25 c deductible from first order. o
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o Over 250C lots with many photographs. Covering most fields of o
o philately. Catalogue froe on request, o
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o BILLIG & RICH 55 West 42r.d Street New Ykic 36, N. Y. o
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000000000000000000000 00 Co000o0C0CO00000000000000000000000000000000000000
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o European Countries. Etc, o
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o Want lists for collectors and dealers are filled by return mail. Better
o Grade approval books by country also available. Many rarities and odd- o
o ities for specialists. 0
0 0
o RUSSI &. KAINE, BENELUX. BAIKAS CENTRAL. WESTERN AND EASTERN o
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Page 46 #59

wITH A 3C 121 UNIZR STA-S ..TA
by l M. KeasLer
It is unusual that a letter turns up of equal interest to students of
Tsarist Russian and United States philately, especially one that originated
at Archangel (Arkhangelsk) and was mailed in Boston, Mas... Such a cover was
reported in the publication of the 1851-6C Unit (AS No. 11) -s the Cbro-e
chle. No. 34, Auguat 22, 1959, page 8. The following is pert, of the notice
in that publications

Mr. M. M. Kessler reports an unusual incoming letter from Archangel,
Russia, sent to Boston, bearing only a single S2 ( Scott's U.S. No. 11 )
tied with a Boston PAID ( 24 m.n ) and Boston townmark of June 12
(1057). This is epperently a "bootleg" cover; i.e. it was ,ailed in
the Boston post office without notifying:the post office that it was
from a foreign ship, hence ratable with 2 cts supplemental SHIP fee.
The letter is dated Archangel April 27, 1057, and refers to purchase
of 50 tons of Zabrak flax, which Mr. Kessler finds indicates a tech-
nically rejected grade of flax) i.e., an inferior grade.

The reference to Zabrak flax is obviously to zebrakovannl flax. The
letter refers to 5C tons of flax in this manners "20 tons 3d, 10 tond 2d &
1C tons lst Crown 10 Tons 1st and 21 Tons." Some of the other details of
the letter might be of interest to Rossicc readers The letter is addressed
to Messrs. Smith Dove & Co., Boston, t. S. The heading and date' of the letter
is simply Archangel 27 April 1857 (note the continental otyle of dating -
day and then month). Smith Dove & Co. transmitted to the agents, Wn. Brandt
and Sons, in Ajriangel, through a mutual friend, an order for purchase of
50 tons Z'bork flax."...at best possible terms to be shipt by the Augustus."
After thinking the company for the order and assuring them that the agents
will work "to the best of your interest", the writer mentions that at present
"there are no sellers in our market, and ve do not think that transactions
in flax goods will take place before the .arrival of the Barks. Our nominal
quotation of flax is Ro(ubles) 3h4 e(opeks). 35 for Zabrak other sorts in
proportion; Ton ('.) Ro 5-J at 2 poods & 2d sort." The letter is signed Wm.
Brandt & Sons and below that is In. Gernet (1) George Lindcs.."

The reference to sale of flax is rather interesting .fr Russian flax
in the 19th Century was much in demand because of its sturdiness. Even now
the USSR has a world market for its flax.

The letter is probably very scarce and even rare and the way it was
sent is certainly unusual for very few ships sailed from Archangel to the
United States in 1850's.
00000000000000000
000000000000000000000OOOOOOOOOOOOOO
ooooooooooocoooooooooooyoooocoooooaooc coooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
o ANTED o
o Wrangel Issue Nos. 284B & 284C
o
o Rt. Rev. C. H. Doyle o
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o Ladycliff College, Highland Falls, New York o
#59 Page oooooooooooocooo4o0000000oo000ooo7Coo oo oooooooo

#59 Page 47

T NNOU TO V A GENERAL SURVEY
continuedd from a58J
by A, Cronin and W, S. E. Stephen
There are two distinct printings of the 2k., in the first of which the
shading around Prosident Gyrmittazi is quite pronounced. In the 2nd. print-
ing, it is much less apparent, shots of the latter showing a prominent
acute accent above his head on the 6th otamp of the 2nd row. The 5 kop. has
a colored dash in front of the bcttcn h2lf of the bow, on the last stamp in
the second rcw, while cn the 7C kop. there is a distinct white circle in the
crowd between the third archer .nd wrestlers on the first stamp in the last
row. On the 3 eksha, a vertical .nark appears below the "v* of "Touva" on the
first stamp of the last row of some sheets--it is either a semi-constant var-
ioty, or one which occurred late in ptinting, as there is no evidence of re-
touching on normal sheets. The issue is plentiful cancelled to order, but a
complete mint set., is quite another matter.

The following covers posted from Tcuva are known:

(a). Nos. 71 & 76, perf. 14 on a registered cover cancelled Kyzyl 31.5.4C
(Fig. 8) and arriving at Manila on July 25, 191C, being censored on
route in Hon," Kong.
(b). A pair of #74 on a registered cover to Moscow, with the same type
cancel dated ....8.41.
(c). Airs 13 to 1I on a registered cover to Moscow and cancelled Kyzyl
12.11.36 (Fig. 13).

An amazing item in the RPymond S. Ehrman collection is a registered
cover to Louisville, Ky., with the 6k. and 2Ck. Jubilees, perf. 14, the fire
stamp showing a surcharro 12'" in violet ISS cover the former fire of
value Cancelled Kyzyl 22.2.3C8 Fig. 8), it reached Now York on July 5 and
Louisville a day later,

We now t2ce up some further unknown surcharges exhibited by a Moscow
collector, and his classification is given hereunder. Russian philatelists
generally assi.tn consecutive numbers to each set of a country, and it seems
from his arrangement that he lacks the 17th and 18th issues, which apparently
appeared in 1941-42, The year of issue, followed by the set number are now
quoted, the surcharges being made with handstamps either with the new figures
only, or with an additional one or two bars shaped to cover the original
values:

1938. (14th Issue).

(a). "05" and one bar in black on 2 aksha postage (Yvert#03). A single copy
cancelled Kyzyl 12.8.4C. (Fir. C).
(b). "C.' and two bars in black on 2 eksha air (Yvert #17), one copy mint.
c). "3C" and two bars in black on 2 aksha air (Yvert #17), one copy cancel-
led Kyzyl 12.8.40 (Fig. C).
(d). "30" and two bars in black on 3 aksh air (Yvert #18)b a used copy witi
illegible postmark.

Page 48 #59

S

1939 (15th isne).
(a). "1Cl and one bar in black on 1 t. air (Yvert #8). One copy cancelled
Kysyl 30.9.40 (Fig. 8) and another with illegible carnellation.
(b). "20" and one bar in black on 5C kop. postage (YvFrt #53). One copy
cancelled Kyzyl 30.9.40 (Fig. 8) and another with illegible postmark.

1940 (16th lsne),
(a). "1C" in vilcet on 1 t. air (Yvert r') in the center of the stamps,
cancer, ..," 30.9 (?i. 0)
(b). "20" i- -/I.c-t coring forcor value of 50 k. postage (Yvert #53)
cancel' a:i XvLy.. (Fig. 8).
(c). "20" in vic.et covering former value of 50 k. air (Yvert #14). 1 copy
cancelled K-7;.l 5.8,41. (Fig. 8).
(d). "20" in viclet covering former value of 75 k. air (Yvert #15). 1 copy
cancelled Kyzyl ....2.42. (Fig. 8).

192 (19th issue)

(a). "25" in black on 3 aksha postage (Yvert #84). A mint copy

Locally printed issues,

The final group to be consideredare some locally printed issues which
appeared during 1942-43. These are most interesting, as it seems from the
known material, that only ono cliche was prepared for each design and the
individual clicics wore inprcso-cd one ct a Timo on various strips of paper,
sometimes in cc:biration with another design. The issues were apparently
produced by the :n. ni- local newspaper. This paper, which now appears five
times weekly in' Fuicsian, has had several chlinges of name, but has been known
as Tuvinskaya Pravda (Touvc-n Truth), since 1942.

1942 Desipna, Imporforate.

(a). 25 k. doe;) blue and slate bltre A horizontal type, very poorly printed
and sh.wina: a series of paralleloerams to form a stairway surmounted
by dates 1941 1942. A usea copy is postmarked Kyzyl...5.44 (Fig. 8).
(bO. 25 k. same colors and format as before, but showing a building
and dates "1921-1942"
(c). 25 k. Late. Vertical format showing the head of a girl.
d) 25 k. Slate. Vertical format showing the head of young man.
(e). 50 k. slate Vertical format showing a soldier leading a horse by
the bridle.
(f). Unused pair showing (c) printed together with (a) turned on its side.
(g). Unused pair showing (c) prinded together with (b) turned on its side.

#59 Page 49

.0

LONDON INTERNATIONAL PHILATLIC E7 IBITIO 1960 -
by Dr. A. II, Wortman

The most outstanding Russian exhibit was that of Michael Liphechutz, and
it well deserved its Gold medal award, the only Gold medal for Russia. It
contained examples of the Town Post stationery of St. Petersburg and Moscow
including letter shoots, --d of the Tc-wn Post adhesive stamp, the 5 kop.
black and blue. Never hveo so many of those used on cover been exhibited at
the same time. Besides the usual re'. T-wr. Fost cancellation, there was one
in black of 1365, the double circular S. F I T R B UR G G OR D
P 0 C H T A, probably unique. Anot.ur ,crn was a beautiful pair, very clean
and bright on a cover with ovwl M 0 S A D VA H A S A. Paul David-
son got a Gold-Silver medal for his !:o, 1's and Frauenlcb ( under the pseudo-
nym "Alexandrra) also got one for an e.hi'it which included a plating study
of the 7 kop. of 1C79 and his Levant cover with 3C kop. illustrated in the
"Used Abroad" book, with rectangular dots cancellation, no number.

A Silver-Gilt modal wnt to R. S, Ehrman for Manchuria, which included
some fine covers and postcards of the Rucaian poets. There was a M A N -
C H Z H U L.I Z HE LIE Z 0 D OR. 1. G. of 18.VII.1904. Sam Ray
thought this was unique; but Leo Sr.neioff has to, cto with a February date,
19C4. There w!s also a No. 18 F.PCO of the Russo-Japanese War described *I
as frcm L IEN U N K U i. N on tre st!rergth of the penciled address
on the reverse of the postcard, but vc krro-thnc.a No. 18 is T A N G K U.
But one cover may be unique, the cLnrcllclon being new to most of us. It
was a double circular G L A V N. T S E N T R. P 0 L I E V. P.
K 0 N T. of 15.7.05.

Very well deserved Silver medals wor.t to Cecil Roberts and Dr. Seichter
for their magnificent displays cf rare Ukraine.

Major Hopkins (not a mcmbcr) probably deserved a better award than the
Bronze medal he obtained for a very comprehensive showing of British F.P.O's
in Russia following the First Wcrld Wrr. Very good example of scarce "P.B."
cancellations in North RuFsi, "C.C. PESTS' BMxf' and "B.?S.R." of South Russia,
Canadian F.P.O's and British Militcry ,lssion at 'ladivostok were included
(see his article in B.JJR.P. #1C, pages 273/5 for the latter).

In th. non-competitive court of Honcr, Kr. R.F.A. Riesco included
Poland NO.1 and Russia No. 1 on covers and Vorasa and St. PEtersburg early
stationery covers. Here also Sir John Wilsbn showed a very remarkable
partial reconstruction of the 4 kop. 1863 Wondon Peckenmarke with a proof
that the 2 kop. Briefrarke was printed on the 'amo background. He included
some wonderful later covers and a tete-beche and the only known sideways-
printed block of the 2 kop. of 1866.

Many of our members obtained real treasures from the dealers. There
were No. ls galore (this, like tho penoy bleak, is not really a rare stamp)
including one with a faked ovl- of dote surrounding "I", on which I was
asked to give an opinion. .;y reply was the rame as when I gave it to anot)r
dealer about twenty years ago.

Wage 50 #59

Liphsehuts got the S HA N G H AI K W AN coa r and I forgot who
bought the R. V. A. P. postcard and the stationery card with PAQUETBOT
G E N S A N I. J. P. There were Russo-Japanese War coversamong which
I bought aM UK DE N P LIE V. TEL. 0 T. PRIAM. OK. of
17 27 I 1904, cancelling a strip and a pair of 20 kop. Ruseia on a cover from
war correspondent Julian Price to the London Illustrated Newsv This is the
first known cover with this cancellation. Literally dozens of loose stamps
were picked up, some with Used Abroad and other scarce cancellations:
so most of our members went away very happy.
ooooooocoooo

00000000000000000000OOOO OOOOOCOOOoCo 000000000000000000oo000 00000000000
o 0
O O
o For sale philatelic literature and over 1C00 photostats of important o
o articles on stamps. Please attach reply coupons to all inquiries. I o
o also have some complete series of Russia and Ukrainian tridents. o
0 0
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o W R I T E o
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o o

o o
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0 0
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o o
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o Alb. KrorsntorV "Clematis", 39 Kirchweg. BEinninen, Switzerland o
0 0
00000000000o000000OOOOOOoOOOOOOoo000o000cooooooooo00000000oooo000000 0000000

SOVIET ZE ISTV0 STA M1.PS
b ?_, I!dvedav

Written by our late member for the "Latest NewP ..aris. 1937.

Collectors of Russian Zorstvo stamps usually i4d to their albums the
following Soviet issues:

1. Stamp of Porm Soviet district post.
2. Postage stamp of Beloozersk section of local government.

#59 age 51

3. 6 stamps of Luga Soviet of Deputies. These six stamps are well printed
in two colors by lithography (Soviet emblems, ornaments) and were issued
in 1918. The Soviet Philatelic Association received them for the first
time in small quantity from the archive of the Leningrad Provincial Fi-
nance Section unly in 1926. Stamrs were printed on white paper, ungum-
mod, perf. ll-. Two printings are known, which differ from each other
in the color shades and in the position of stamps on the shoot, on which
were printed at same time -all of tho values.

a. 5k. blue & dark Freen. d. Ir. br:wn & yellow.
b. ICk. red-brown & yellow. o. 3r. blue & ochre.
c. 5Ck. light brown & liLht roso. f, 5r. dark groen & green.

First Printing vari itie

The first printing h-s tote-beche: Ir. plus 3r. & lr. plus 5Ck.,
also imperforates, of which the scarcest is the 5 kop.

Though these stamps are known cancelled, their postal use has not been
completely proven. The Soviet Fhil.telic press contains a number of contra-
dicting statements concerning those cancellations.

"Russian Collector" in 1922 informs us through the words of former di-
rectcr of the Fetrograd section of C-overnrent Control E. Kubetsky, that these
stamps were issued in 1918 in Luga, as money or currency stamps, due to the
lack of sufficient supply of coins. In the same journal, also in 1922,
according to Luga District Section, stamps were issued for payment of tax on
advdrtisoments (i.e. as revenue st,-npn). In the Journal"Northern Correspon-
dence" we find: "Luga Soviet Drolt. lacking sufficient amount of postage
stamps issued them independently without permission from the Scentert. These
stamps paid for postal correspondence and they were cancelled by the killers
of Luga post office, dated 1918. Whon Petrograd learned of this issue, a
special commission vas sent from the workers-peasants group, which after ins-
pecting the material in question destroyed the entire supply of stamps."

A writer in "Soviet Collector" of 1932 replies that the last part is
not true, for if 'il of these stamps were destroyed, they could not have been
offered to the Scv_.t Philatelic Association for sale. The same author state,
that these stamps were not issued to replace coins, as the paper on which the
were printed is to thin. The entire aspect of the stamps is more "revenue"
than "postal". There is no word "Pochta (Post)". It is more probable that
they were issued as revenue stamps, although one can not deny that they may
have been postally used. At that time letters were at times franked with the
revenue stamps of Imperial Russia. There is a stamp known of Crimean Govt.
issued for three purposes: postal, revenue and as a currency stamp to replace
coins.

It is possible to settle the question of postal use of the Luga stamps
by finding unquostionablo covers franked by them, and then passed through t
the post.

Page 52 #59

SPHILATELY IN THE SOVIET UNION
by P. Matishev

During my vacation, spent in Leningrad and Moscow, I tried to acquaint
myself with the condition of philately in the Soviet Union. To my regret I
could not meet a single old collector-spocialist. Just the same, I did
learn things worthy of recording.

First of all I shall discuss the philatelic shops. In Leningrad I en-
countered two, (on Nevsky Prospect and on Liteiny) and in Moscow one (on
Kuznetski Most or Kuznetaki Dridge). Besides the new issue, also stamps of
peoples' democracies, there were no other stamps. Cne can still find little
albums, of the note book type, for the beglunjrs, and of poor quality. One
can not find stamps of the Russian Empire or of Zemstvos, even pre-war
stamps.

As a rule, majority of philatelists in the Soviet Union collect themat-
ically, i.e. the stamps of the same subject, such as sport, fauna, flora,
air post and many others. Less frequently some collect Soviet stamps as a
specialty, and most rarely the stamps of old Russia, we wont even mention
Zemstvo l

Due to lack of adequate albums for sale, and needed accessories, stamps
for collection are kept in stock books (received from COechoslovakia, East
Germany,and if possible, from the West). I saw two collections in Leningrad.
One, contained stamps of all nations and was mainly thematic is scope, mainly
representing the following topics: sport, fauna & flora. Old Russia was poor-
ly represented, so was the USSR. All of the aforementioned stamps were housed
in stockbooks of large format. The second collection was a serious one con-
taining many scarcer varieties of Russia such as: inverted backgrounds &
centers, various shifts, etc. This collection also had a mint copy of 6 kop.
Tiflis, with a broken corner. Likewise, all of these- stamps were in stock
bocks, I saw a serious collection in Moscow, but it did not contain sufo
ficiently complete Russia.

Moscow has a philatelic club situated at 12 Gorky street, formed not so
long ago. However, recently the club was taken over by many members who have
nothing in common Aith philately, and thus, the majority of collectors ignore
this.club and have their meetings in Bauman Park. There they exchange, buy
and sell, itc. These meetings occur quite frequently, but unfortunately I
was not able to attendas I had to leave Moscow on a Wednesday and one of such
meetings was called for a Tlhrsday.

Up to now, there is no philatelic journal published in USSR, although
the Soviets have a slogan "philately helps to bring nations together". The
Government is not very interested in helpings Soviet collectors in making
contacts with collectors abroad. Thus, the exchange of stamps with foreigners
often depends-on individual efforts, possibilities and determination of
Soviet collectors.. Desire to exchange with collectors abroad, especially vih
the onbs in the West is very great. This is what one Soviet collector once
told r.e rI've. collected enough of Democracies, it would be well now to go
after capitalists '"

#59 Page 53

I did not have any luck likewise in visiting the Postal Museum in
Leningrad, known as Popov Museum of Communications and situated at No. 4,
SPodbelsky Proulok. I went through all of the rooms of the museum, and was
shocked to find a total absence of postage stamps. There was a small frame
4Ox5Ccm. in size, with some Zemstvo stamps, one from each district, however
not all districts wore represented. Majority of them were ordinary, however
there were two rare examples: stamp of Alatir (Chuchin #1) 1 kop. black,
cancelled also a copy of Chistopol (Chuchin fi4a) 2 kop. gray and brown,
cancelled.

When I asked the lady in charge why the postage stamps were not exhibi-
ted. She told me that during the winter of last year, the museum was robbed
of all the postage stamps, covers, postcards, etc., bcth the government and
zeostvo, during the night. The Militia discovered the thief, and the collect-
ion was returned but it is new under strict control, and after a classifica-
tion is made it will be reiur.ned to its former place in the museum. The
thief, a young man, son of a highly placed personage, after the arrest, did
not stay in prison long, but was put on probation in care of his parents,
who paid a bond for him of 46,CO0 rubles.
0000000000000000

ISSUES. PRINTING AND FLA CHARACTERISTIC OF
THE OIE PGUELI ARMS TYPE 1930]--23 CZa.IST
ISSUES 1910-1917 tAN SO IET R A 1918-1923
by_ Juiun F-hs
continuedd frcm #59l

5 (7). Fifth Issue. 192C-1923< Seventh Printing: Provisional issue by
Soviets; with horizontral chalk-net. Sheet format C 4. Stamps
Pg. 26 mrn x 31 min a.nd r 21J- =. x 25 ram. This is a horizontal
sheet of 50 stnmpo, in 10 vertical rows of 5 stamps each, and oceu-s
both perfc-rate and imporforato. It is the only new issue produced
by the R'ussian Soviet Fodorotod Socialist Republics making use of
R. Zarrin 1 R. design. P. N, are known up to 6 inclusive, but
shoots of only P. N. 5 and P. N. 6 are at proosent available. The
P. N. -iifor from previous issues in that P. N. of Fr. is suporim-
posed cn P. N. % of Bg., and likowiso for P. N. 6. The interval
between the horizontal rcws is from li tc I- mm., whilo that bot-
weon the vertical rows ij mm. This issue appears seldom in usod
copies, and the oarliost we have aoon on cover is dhtcd 1921. Used
copioa of inporfcrato are oxtremoly rare and rarer on cover. While
the perforate woro undcubtodly in use for two to three years, the
imporfcrato woro probably not used eocopt philatolically. Unused
copies oxcopt in shoots showing irregular printings probably are
to be had only oecasionnlly.

The Huddy rotcuch described by Dr. de Stnckelborg on p. 48 of
Rossica #55 and illustrated for the 1 R. opposite. p. 52 at a, is
the 38th stanp on both porforcto and imporforate sheets of P. N.
but dooe not appear on P. N. 5 perforate shots.

Essgnyg: a. Elack on gray backgrouni. b. Light green background.

Page 54 #59

A. M. Rosselevitch in #56 writes that stamps with black background are
typoCraphic proofs which sometimes by error were put into circulation. He
also states that the items with green background are speculative, and that he
has seen forged single copies, where the background was painted.

Variants of 1920 issue.

5- a2, a6, b6. Bg. F.N.6 ucrn. pF. in fair ccnditicn but shifted counter-
clockwise to the T. Rt. EF. is 2- ca.. Rt. cf B.L. cf sheet and 2 cm. at T.
Rt. This forces Bg. off of :..t t t Rt. and B. 3 steps in Rt. rcw rro
clipped diagonally. First vtrticr.i r:wv f framos is almost one full position
t. L. of BD. at T. L. ani 1/5 -f r Lr. sh ws on Fr. at T. L. This loaves
first vertical row of framoe almost fruo of Frames cn Rt. Center and nuircral
aro ilso misplaced; contors ar- poeiticnod over B. Rt. quarter of Fr. at B.
L. and due Pt. at B. Rt. Frano. I.orf.

Ui 2, c5, c7. Printed tcw-r ri:ht side of sheet. Center and numerals
inverto- at approxinmtely central poviti:n. Frames printed at slightly clock.
wise position tc Rt. of C., bCeirj-ing at T. Rt. so that Fr. is centered cl-sc
t E. eand Rt. of B.L.Fr. is c-ntareto toward B. but further Rt. so as to
slightly cap the next BC. cliche. Bg. cliches xro vertically 1-; to 1- mr.
aport and in horizontal rows irrcogularly h&lf cr loss distance apart. -g. is
clear and of deep nolor fraoe is brcwn and P. N. 6, color of Fr.. Eg.
cliches are irregularly spaced in the horizontal lines. Centers are heavily
irked and slightly blurred with ut crbcssing. Back of sheet shows intaclic,
upper Ht. cf shoot on 6 centers -n! 1 fractionally, 4 counters, & 2 centers
=nd 1 center. B. and T. of the shoot .t 5th stamp from L. are two dots,
color of Bg.; also T. Et. an! B. It, 4aro two dots, all color of Bg. The
frame P.N.6 was printed reulzrly ovor Eg. FN.6 each in the color of Fr. &
Bg. respectively. In this sheet the Fr. number is clear; the Bg. number is
worn and blurred ran shifted in the same relation that Fr. and BE. aro in the
sheet as a,whole, the B.G. F.N. to TBL. and the Fr. numbers slightly shifted
t T. Rt. The Bg. cliches are of irrugular size. Imperf.

5j a2, a3, b6, c6. PE. P.N.5 (badly wcrn 5). Bg. plate double rnd has one
Br. shifted counterclockwise from B. Rt. corner of sheet, leaving entire row
of 5 stamps on fRt. ith the ropular BC. only, next Bg., upper part of shert
h-s row of Pg. wit'hct Fr. or contors and L. 1I rows also without Fr. or C.
Sheet torn at .. conter First Bg. was printed at angle with paper partly
crumpled at upper side so that there are white portions unprinted and what
appears as a crack in plate on the 8th stamp in T. row. Color of Fr, brown,
color of ig. beige, except whore doublo it becomes reddish-brown, and C.
orange-red. Numerals of irregular size and thickness, those of first row on
P. particularly thick. Fr. P.N. missing, centers unembosaed, worn & blurred.

5dj a2, b2. C. misplaced to Rt. ICCo; Fr. misplaced to T. Rt. 3 nm. and
to Rt. C1mm.

5d; c3, b6, c6. Double Bg. with second Bg. shifted counter-clockwise 20- =i
L. and 7 mm. down from T.T,. leaving' part of first row of frames with second
Bg. only, and most of row on Ft. without Fr. or C. No P.N.

5dt a3, Ea, b6. Double Bg. Bg. shifted counter-clockwise 6 mm. up and 2 mm.
L. of 2nd Bg., Fr. on last; 3rd. Bg. at angle on L. only.

#59 Bage 55

5d: b3, a2. Double Fr. Bg. shifted to B. & L. Centers shifted to B. Rt.
quadrant of Fr.

|dg b2, c2. Bg. vwrn; C. and Bg. shifted sufficiently to L. so that only
g. is under first Fr. row.

5d; a2, b2, c2, c5. Frame printed with Bg. shifted 2 mm. to the B. and 2
mm. to L. of centered position with Conter inverted and shifted 2 mm. to Rt.
of regular position with Fr. impcrf.

5d: a2, b5, c5. Bg. displaced rotated clockwise, 15 to 17 mm. Southwest of
centers- of frames rnd centers inverted regular with Fr. (Strip of 3) Imperf.

i. at2, c2. P.N. 6. Bg. shifted to L. 2-> mm. slightly clockwise; C.
shifted slightly counter-clockwise; L. Rt. in correct position.
oocC coccooo
(to be continued)

NOTES FR 0 C OLLE CT ORS

John Barry Enpl-nd

It is still unknown when the practice of registering letters in Russia
begun. All Roscica members are urged t; check their stampless covers and
also the philatelic literature for datr.

The earliest cover (stanploss) that I have seen of the aforementioned
type is one dated July 23, 1865, from St. Petersburg to Vi.tka. The cover is
insured, has the usual five wax sopls. and is marked on the front by P. C,
official Postage 10 k. Insurance 15 k. Registration 5 k. 30 kop, "

Perhaps registration was in vcgue from the start, 1858, but that I doubt,
for as far as I know no covers bearing No. 1, or even Nos. 2, 3 and 4 exist
with registration markings. So, it seems it have been introduced sometime
between 1860 and 1865.

Dr, G. B. Salisbvry Philadelphia

Pert 2, page 124 of STAMPS OF TIE RUSSIAN EMPIRE USED ABROAD, by S. D.
Tchilinghirian and W. S. E. Stephen states that there are no covers recorded
yet of 1903/10 issue, perf. 14_ on vert.-laid paper stamps of Russian Levant,
used in Dardanelles Postal Agency of ROPJT in the Agean Ports.

I have recently acquired a letter mraloed from Dardanelles to Galata,
Constantinople, with a 26-2, 15- mEn. doublee circle Dardanelles marking in
violet.. It reads between circles, At top: ROPiT. At bottom: Dardanelles.
Center: Cross shaped date, type current in 19CC's -

28

19 10

XI

Page 56 #59

Kurt Adler New York

I have the following interesting items:

a. A portion of the very rare oval T E RE B O L I postmark on a stamp of
Pussian Offices in Turkoy (Russian revant).
b. The proof that F.P.O, 11 wcs in r.ukdon and F.P.O. 5 in a town with the
German spelling cf C HA I L 'A D C H L U which I could not find on maps
but which could be H A I L A S U on the Chinese Eastern Railroad.

W. H.. H Huddy Cornwall, England.

Re: Phantasios, #55 (p. 3?) and references to illustrations on opposite
page, plus reading matter on pages 42 and 43.

I have in addition to illustrations 2, 3, 4, and 5 a further one of 3
colors -ll 1 piastre, slate and dark grey, wine red and brick red. Imporf.

Dr. C. de Stackelberr.

1. Correction to my article #58, pae 32, pararaph24. Should read
"1 k. to 1C k. 15-1 x 21 mm. ( 1k to was left out).

2. I also disagree with the first fcur lines of Major Dcrlowts reply
to W. H. H. Huddy in R-ssica '58, Prge 65. Be writes that the perfo-
rating machine broke dcwn -and a.s it was bought in Austria, it could
not be repairedI The Gcvorrnon t Printing Works had numerous perfo-
rating machines for v-rious values, which were of different gauge,
and Ruesin was r.ct so backward that a perforating machine could
not be repaired In 1918 they worked again. Imperforate stamps were
issued because of a striko in the perforating section of the Govern-
ment Printing Works, which commencod approximately in April, 1917 and
ended in Juno or in November of 1917 ( see paragraph 40 of my article
on pego 35 in #58 Roesica).

V. Kurbas Criticism of Rossica Journal #58. F. Speer's "Seesweoen or
SeFsVeroO
1. Thore wa' only one narrow gauge railroad through Seswegen: -
Valk Marienburg Alt. Shvanenburg Soewegen Shtockmansgof.
It was only during World War I, when the Front included Shtock-
mansgof, that a br-nch Sita Alt. Shvanonburg was constructed,
connecting this line via Sita Pitalovo with the magistralia
of Petrograd Dvinsk Warsaw. At the same time a branch Llt
Schvanenberg Schtcekmansgof was changed to a wide gauge line.

2. There was no line from Seswegen to Moscow or to Mitava.

3. The post going front Wondon to Germany or Austria had always to
travel through the territory of Courland Gubernia (St. Kalkuni)

Charts of F. Speers and A. Rosselevitch.

Both of the Maps show poor transcription of Russian names.

1'59 Page 57

RUSIAN PHILATELY AT THE END OF XX CENTURY
by V. A. Kurba,

It is a well known fact that the first stamps in the world were the two
issued in 1840 by Great Britain. Other Eurorean countries followed her foot-
steps; one of the later ones being Rusaia, full 17 years later. Therefore
it is understocd, that the philately in Russia begun and developed much later
than in other countries.

The birthplace of philately was France. First postage stamp catalogue
Potike appeared in Paris in 1C61, and the first philatelic society was estab-
lished in Nevers, France in 1865, and the word philatelist was created by the
wellknown French philatelist Erpen.

Organized philately in Russia owes its beginning to foreigners, namely
Germans.

One of the well known Russian philatelistawas P. Liadov, who published
his interesting recollections in Moscow in 1928. He stated, that he begun
collecting stamps while a schoolboy, in rid-.eventies when collecting stamps
was considered as waste of time. Special philatelic journals, catalogues,
and price lists were not even thought of then, and the stamps were sold
along with other merchandise in some tobacorists, book and toy stores.

Philatelic Societies

With the passage of time the interest in stamps grew and among the col-
lectors begun the idea of unification, First philatelic organization was
established in Russia in 1883, as the Moacow section or branch of the "Dredeon
International FPhiletelic Society (esTahlished in Dresden in 1877)". The
section of the aforementioned society w;a opened in St. Petersburg in the same
year, in Rica in 1885 Odessa in 18C7 and Dorpat-Uriev in 1889.

All of these sections worked with breaks, often very unimportant, created
by bureaucratic fault findingsby the government, which incidentally,demanded
creation of independent societies with constitutions, regulated by the govern-
ment. The two mcro durable societies were found to be the two capital sec-
tions, which were rjorgcrded in 19C7 under the following names: "Moscow
Society of Collectors of Postage Stamps" and in St. Fetersburg "Russian
Society of Philatelists". Tho Riga and Dcrpat branches of the Dresden
Society existed but a shcrt t:r.e.

As a rul- members of these societies were elderly more
experienced collectors. In 1890's, in St. Petersburg, under direction of
E. Stefani, was organized "St, Peteraburg Society of Stamp Collectors, most
of which members were less ex-eric;i ec ycing collectors. Cne of the members
of the aforementioned society was E E Ender, who in 1895 organized a branch
in In 1906 it was reorganized and
renamed "St. Petersburg Society of Collectors of Postage Stamps", with a
constitution, ratified by govnrrnont. Likewise it is known that in 1396 t
there existed in Kiev a society kncwn as "Kiev Circle of Collectors of Postage
Stamps and two important, although unofficial societies in Riga. Editor -
it would be interesting if the author explainahat he means by "unofficial",

Page 58 #59

In Helsingfors in 1893 "Helsingfors Society of Stamp Collectorsa was
organized, which continued its existence after Finland became independent.

Philatelic Literature

First publication devoted to stamps was D. Chudovscy's 'Description
of Zemstvo stamps, envelopes and wrappers" published in Kiev in 1888.

Among the first types of periodic literature, was the journal "Stamps",
appearing between 1896 and 1899; also in Kiev. In 1897-1898, in St. Peters-
burg, appeared under the editorship of strmp dealer I. I. Krevt.g, the journal
International Post ", which folded up because of insufficient seppcat cf
collectors. A small section on philately appeared in journal "Sport", publish
ed in St. Petersburg in 1900,

The well known Leipzig catalogue Zenf appeared in 1892 simultanecily
in Leipzig and St. Petersburg$ the latter printing under the name of Ruesian
collector Constantin Rode. First at that time, and the only world ctalo
in Russian, was compiled by Adelheim brothers, and published in Kiev by firm
A. Sokol, under the title First Illustrated Catalogue of Postaga Stamps",
The catalogue had 2,000 illustrations, and frankly speaking, was a shortened
edition of Zeng catalogue in Rueeian which appeared in the first year of
new, XX century, which may be considered the beginning of Russian philatelic
literature.

In existencelikewise, were price lists of various stamp dealers. When
I started collecting stamps, i e. in the beginning of the present century,
the standard price list in use, was that of firm asuk, in Odessa.

It is well to mention here the foreign literature on Russian stamps.
Very important part belonged to Bruscels firm of Moens which published the
the journal of the Dresden Society as well as its own publication te Timbre
Poste ", the latter appearing for 37 years, between 1863 and 1900, and wh:ch
was sent gratis to members of the aforementioned society. The aforementio::3d
firm, through its agents bought up Zemstvo stamps of Russia, and also publo1-
ed under the editorship of Samuel Kcyrcwski a catalogue of Zenstvo stamps,
with plates of ill's-rations. In 19c0 the important portion of Moens' stock
was sold to a Ccpji'agen stamp firm.

Gibbons of London during a certain period published in its journal
(monthly) description and chronicle of Russian Zemstvo stamps. American
company Sott published, under the editorship of Herrick, one issue, devoted
to Zemstvo.

Description of Zemstvo stamps appeared in Germarny through 1881, by Hugo
Lubkert. Also in Rutkenscheid, near Essen, existed international society of
collectors of Zemstvo stamps, established by artist von Tresco. The af re-
mentioned society also edited its own journal during the years 1895-1897.
Of the Russian philatelists, publishing articles in foreign journals, we may
mention F. V. avrov of St. Petersburg and S. M. Radteevitoh of Grodno,
writing on Zemstvo stamps, the former in English and the latter in French
journals.

E. von Boohman, president of the Riga society, and Konorary member of
German Tnion of Philatelists, was the author of a well n riten book on stamps
of Russian Empire, in German.

#99 Eage 59

SStmp Trade

As stated previously, in 1870 special philatelic stores did not exist.
Liadov in his recollections mentions two stores, both on Liteiny Prospect in
St. Petersburg, which i -.aid-nt-.'ly sold stamps. They were tabaceo and toy
store of N. P. Petrov anid thc -L-re of r. M. 01khin dealing in toys and other
children'sa cceasaories. The latter dealt in stamps throughout its life and
in 1900's insted an original album of illustration of more soaroe varieties
of Russian postage stamps.

First, at that time, stamp dealer, in St, Petersburg in 1900ts was
aforementi6ned'M. I. Kreving, who iqu-daabted his business either in 1898 or
1899. He is also known as the first to conQ'ile an album frw stamps in Russian
language .

Outstanding Ruasian Philatelists.

The oldest Russian philatelist .was F, L. Breitfuss. (1851-1907), who
beg-n collecting stamps as a youth in 1862, and former organizer, and during
24 years president of St. PeterSburg branch of .resden FPilatelic Society.
His collection of cancellod and uncancelled stamps he.was able to complete,
during his 1872 sojurn in MIrseilles, by buying a number of first class stamp
collections, formorly owned by Frernch Cfficers, killed during the Franco-
Prussian War of 187C-71, and also by purchasing eeveral large collections of
Russian collectors Prince Galitzin, 1:tgoft, and others. His collection,
was the third largest and irportna.t collection in the wcrld, being surpassed
only by collection of Ferrari Lrd Tapling, (British lMuseum).

The more interesting collections of.Breitfuss were .ooOplete collections
of old German States, Franne cid Siitzerland, with trial proofs and counter-
feits, including those that passed through the post

Breitfusa was member of Britieh Philgtelic Soiety, and was authorit:-
on first issues cf the world. His close colrborntor was vice president of
St. Petersburg e:-lion, V. M. Adlrirb rg. who was also a high official of the
Posts and Telegraph, formerly .a m-in link between the post office department
and stamp collectcls, and also G. F. Kircher, a well known auiharity on
philately and unmismatics, the rxnhor cf numerous articles on the afaremen-
tioned subjects, and a proud owner f wonderful general, collection of stamps,
from which during his. old ge he refused to sell anything, and dying in his
tiny roc I, as a "poor rich mann.

The secretary of St. Petersburg Society in 1880r was E. S, lentz, a
native of Iibeck. He specialized in Zemstvo stamps, which, he bought at the
time of their issue. ronm ehatvos and who distributed them to the members of
the society. Zemstvos usually willingly sold their stamps to collectors.
One of the few exceptions being Alatyr Zestvo- ffioe of,Simbirdk Gubernia,
which claimed that the stamps were issued for one purpose ohlVy and that
for prepayment of postage. The result of that attitude was the scarcity of
Alatyr stamps, specilnly of the first issue (1867-1815)'. This issue consist
of two stamps namely 1 and 2 kop.,.of which the' former is considered as the
arse t zamstvo stamp, indicated in Soviet oatalogue by IMRS, i.e. very rare.

rge 60 #59
1 :. .

ShGen. A. M, Kovarko, former air chief of Russian Ark dbtd a great
deal of time to stamp collecting, often adding to his staop collection in
god fcrssken places where the wind landed his balloon. He was also a member
of St. Peteraburg section.

Architect K. K. Schmidt, and author with A. K. Faberge of a monograph on
Zemstve stamped, lived in Berlin after the Revolution. He completed the vork
on Zematvos and printed It by hectography Faberge ownd the greatest RBOm
sian collection ever formed, which was broken up by an caution in London. It
contained 3 of the 6 known copies of 1857 Tiflis) numronue opies of No* 1 ,
among which was a strip of 5; two strips of 3 of 20 kop. o,21 20 kop, bi-
sect of the next isaus, on cover; num3rous copies of imperfe. of 1866 71,
75, and 83, as well as stamps with ir.vrted backgrounds and centersI maerr a
stamped envelopes, trial printings, and etc.; Frants Keplerts eamples of
stamp projects as well as trials of the sae stamp designed by Gotlieb Eaas.
Zemstvo was represented by a most complete collection eer formed. The
collection also included numerous rarities of evant d Finland lndand appro-.-
mately 500 copies of Poland No, 1. Be also owd a copy of 7 k. of 1879
printed on revenue paper, as well as 3 r. 50 k. of 1884 on hrisontally laid
paper.

N. P. Spreisikov, former omployoe of the Poste and Telegraphs was a
well known authority of old Russian stamps E. E. Ender a very active in
all philatelic enterprises in St. Ibter'tburg. One of the largest general
collections was owed by 0 Pa&tc who bought collection of I. T. Chiardi,
which wae mid to contain 1C0,CCO ioms, Di.plmant V. N, Shakhovrky later
worker in Narkomindel and Journal "!.oiot Collectorm was ne of the organisera
of St. Petersburg station, and specialist in stamps of TUrkey,

Boncaru y member of S.P. Society N. I. de Rloshfor ownd a large colleet-
ion mounted in note books. F. V. Lavrov was a well known expert of first
issues and cancellations of Russia, Finland, Poland, levant and China. K. K.
Koehergin was a specaelalt of FiMnnih stamps E. P. von Deck was ery active
president of Moscow circle, and later of the society. He likewise was RumLea
representative of Moens.

Other well known Muecovites serving philately were A. G. Golshtege, V.
V. Verkmeister, B. V, ZvGrykin and P. P. Shrpov. Zvorykin, who was a well
known artist, gathered one of the most complete collections of Zematvo, which
he illustrated with coat of arms of Zemstvos. Be received numerous medals at
show,.

Moscow trader Shapov had a tremendous collection, which included aoplete
sheets of Russian rarities whioh he kept in truck and which he did not like
to exhibit. One hearer that in 39303s he traded his collection to the Soviet
Thilateli Association for a life pension.

O. B. Tisel was one of tho oldest collections and posesed one to the,
Russian stamp rarities, the 3 ro 50 k* of 1884 with bcariltm laid paper,
cancelled. F. K. Notgaft had a fine collection which was bought by F. L.
Breitfuns. N. D. Kazekov was a posseosor of a wonderful collection of France
and Colonies, which was housed in albums illustrated with water colors. I
also like to mention V. A. Rachmanoff, our lonorary member, a great ezpert on
early Poland and a member of Judging ocmittees at =ero ea .,bitions
staged prior to World War Tvo.

#59 aip 61

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0000000000000000000000000000000ooo
S 0 .00
So I W I S H T O P U R C H A S- o
o o
o Scott Numbers All are mint unless arked "o in front. o
o o
o RSSIA. -2 3, 4, 5 5a, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1C, 12, 12a, 13, 14, 15, 17# 18, 19c, o
o 200, 20d, 22a, 22c, 26a, 27b, 23a, 30a, 31a, 32b, 33a, 35a, 35b, 36a, 38a, o
o 39, 39a, 40, ,5a, 45b, 45d, 46a, 47a, 48a, 5 5C 5Cb, 51a, 59b, 61b, 68a, 68b,o
o 70b 7 Cc, 78b, 92a, 93a, 109 w/o lozenges 109c, llOb, 114-115. o
o 150b, 159, 163, 191a, 191b, 192a, 192b, 193a, 195a, 196a, 197a, 200b, 201d, 0
o 21Cd, 216a, 216b, 217a, 21Ca, 2Lb, 2193s, 219 double surcharge, 219o, 220a, o
[ o 22Cb, 221a, 221b, 222&, 222b, 224, 227a, 227b, 228m, 229b, 229R, 238 to 241A o
o Inperf., 240a, 241Ab, 263, 264, 265 & 268 size 20x25mm., 275A, 276, 287, 288Ao
o 288B, 279a, 233a, 284a, 288La, 2s88a, 290a, 292a, 3.02b, 303b, 304-25, 304-25 o
o imperf., 33a, 340a, 343a, 350a, 353a, 361a, 365a, 369a, 413a, 419a, 420a, o
o 422a, 456-67, 470a, 4S9-510, 519-23, 53Ca, 536-39, 540-45# 546-550, 559-68, o
o 615a, 616A, 698-705, 794-810 pairs se tenant, 718-20 imperfp 856, 859. o
o B24-29, B30-33, B38-42, B43b, B45a. o
o C4a, C37a, C38a, C58-67, C68, C63 small f. o
o 0
o Sanbbria Catalogue Airs. 3, 3a, 3b, 4, 4a, 4b, 6, 6a, 6b, 5, 5a, 5b, 7, 7a, o
o 7b, 54b, 53a-55a, 56a-60a, 63a, 66a-68a, 113a-il5a and 120a. o
o o
o Scott Numbers. o--3, 4, 11, 19b, 19d, 2Cb, 22b, 23b, 23c, 26b, 27a, 28b, 29ao
o o-30b, 31b, 32d, 33b, 34a 36b, 38A, 39, 39a, 40, 46a, 48a, 50b, 5la, 56b, o
S o o-58b, 59b, 61b, 68V, 78b, 224, 2383-41A imp,) 287, 290a, 292a, 304-25 imp., o
o 0-615A, 616A, 617A, B30-33, B38-42, C68, C68 small f. o
o o
o Wenden. L2, 3, 4, 4b, 5, 6, 7, 8a, lla, lb, 11c. Pen cane. 13, 4b, 5, 7. o
0 0
o Russian Qffioea in China. 8, 11, 17, 23, 35, 41, 43, 77-80. Cancelled 11, 17o
o 25, 29, 31. o
o o
o Russian Offices in Turkoy. 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 12a-15a, 16a, 16b, 17a, 17b, 18, o
o 18a, 18b, 19a, 19L, 19c, 19- blue surcharge, 40-199, 71-79, 81-89, 29a, 64a, o
o 64b, 66b, 70a, 71a. 72a, 73a, 81b, 82a, 83a, 83b, 84a, 85a, 92a, 93a, 102b, o
0 103b, 104c, 106b, 132a 137a, 141b, 143a, 146a, 163a, 154a, 172a, 178a, 183a,o
o 193a, 231a. Cancelled o la, lb. o
o 0
o fusian Telegraph Stamp. Michel Cptalogue 1, 2. o
o o
o Siberia 5a, 7a, 11, lla, 38, Type II, 60a, 68, 69, 69a, 72, 78a, 79a, 108. o
0 0
o I fill orders of want lists of R U S S I A and Post Revolution o
oo Governments. o
o 0
o I an interested in errors, varieties, proofs, stamps and letters. o

0 oo

o P A U L P. JE M TSCH O U J .N Rare Postage stamps o
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So 1 Vinont Road Bronxville. N. T. SP. 9-5018, ASDA. Established in 1922 o

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#59

	Front Cover
	Index
	Officers, honorary members, and...
	Editorial
	Life of the Society by President...
	Life of the society by Dr. G. B....
	Stamped envelopes of Imperial Russia...
	A new check list of the arms types...
	Russian currency stamps of 1915,...
	Postal issues and overprints of...
	List of railway routes 1912-1918,...
	Varieties of watermarks on stamps...
	Philatelic Notes by V. Rachman...
	Wenden County post by A. Rosse...
	First usage of pre-cancellation...
	The 1918 postcards by Dr. A. H....
	Chalk network on the stamps of...
	Incoming letter from Archangel...
	Tannou-Touva: A general survey...
	London international philatelic...
	Soviet Zemstvo stamp by V....
	Philately in the Soviet Union by...
	Issues, printing and plate characteristics...
	Notes from collectors by J. Barry,...
	Russian philately at the end of...
	Advertising

MILLISECOND	CLASS.METHOD	MESSAGE
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0	sobekcm_database.verify_item_lookup_object
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0	sobekcm_database.verify_item_lookup_object
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0	system.web.ui.page.page_load (ufdc.page_load)
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