Journal of the Rossica Society of Russian Philately

THE JOURNAL
of the

ROSSICA SOCIETY
of

RUSSIAN PHILATELY

Silver Medals at Belgrade National Exhibition "Zefib 1937" and
the International Exhibition, Koenigsberg "Ostropa 1935"
Bronze Medals at the International Exhibition "Praga 1935" and
Vienna International Exhibition "WIPA 1933"

.- ,- .

I I l," :, rEM ,T,'b.

Dr. Gregory B. Salisbury
S 49th and Locust 'reets -. "*
"Philadelhia 39 Pa-. U. S. A.

i l I C 3 .,- 1" '1

^- -. -' ----l -'i

No. 47/0o 1954

Editor
Dr. Gregory B. Salisbury
; .... 49th and Locust Streets. "
Philadelphia 39, Pa., U. S.A.

EDITOR in CHIEF, English and Russian Language Editions. '
Dr. Gregory B. Salisblury. 49th. & Locust Sts,, Philadelphia -39, Pa.

Publisher & Asst. Editor English Ed, Publisher & Asst. Editor Russian Ed.
R. A. Sklarovski. 640 N. Charles St. A. N. Lavrov 252 Sherman St., Passaic,
Avenue, Towson 4, Md, N.J.

EDITORIAL BOARD
A. A. Chebotkevitch.E. Marcovitch.Capt. S. de Shramchenko .E L. Wisewell, Jr.

I N D 'E X
Pages
2 Officers & Representatives of the Society, Honorary Members.
3 Photos. Society Pege.
5 -President's Message* A. A. Chebotkevich
5 Gibbons 1957 Catalogue, Part II,.
6-9 Fifth International Philatelic Exhibition. Fipex,
9 Revenue Catalogue.
10 Airpost Stamps of USSR Overprinted "North Polo-Moscow 1955". P. Matishe-
11 Polish Consular Post in Odessa in 1919-20. S. Gibrick.
12 Notes on Russian Offices in Turkey. R. S. Blomfield.
13 Illustrations-Regular Postage Stamps of USSR.
14-22- The Regular Poatago Stamp Issuesof USSR. Kurt Adler.
23-27- Railway Postmarks of Imperial Russia. W.EC. Kethro & John Barry.
28 -Now York Section. Victor Cerny.
28 Excerpts frop PALL MALL GAZETTE-'-Russial" of H. C.. Goss.
28 China Section Bulletin of London Philatelic Society. Mongolia.
29-31- Russian Post in the Far East. A. I. Masloff.
32-33- Illustrations. Russian Errincphilia.
34-37- Russian Errinophilia. E. Marcovitch..
38-39-Addenda to Russian Troops in France, 1916-1917. J. Posell.
39 Atlas of the Russian Empire.
40-41- Illustration for the articles of J. Posell, Far Eastern Airpost,
Schramchenko, Rossolovitch and Sklarevski.
42-47- Air Post of Vladivostock July 28, 1923.
48-50- Russian Turkestan. W. S. E. Stephen,
51 Review of Current Ukrainian Philatelic Press. Capt. S. de Shramchenko.
51-52- Ukraine Theatre Revenue Stamps of 1918. capt. S. de Shramchenko.
53-55- Russian Post in Turkey. A.Rossolevitch.
56 Notes on Russian PHilately. A. Rosselovitch.
56 Finlandia 1956.
57-58- Literary Review
59 Interesting Cancellations, etc. R. Sklarevski

#49/50
Page 1

OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY

PRESIDENT A. A. Chebotkevich 40 E. Old Mill Rd. Ridge Farm, Lake Forest, Ill.
SECRETARY Russian Speaking Section A. N. Lvrov
SECRETARY English Speaking Section Dr. G. B. Salisbury

: ":' HONORARY MEMBERS

A. A. Chebotkevich V. A. Rachmanoff
N. I. Kordakoff A. M. Rosselevitch.
.. A.-N. Lavrov '.Dr. G. B. Salisbury ...
B. Legky N. V. Savitzky
E. I. .Jarcovitch H. M. Shonitz
R. A. Sklarevski

REPRESENTATIVES OF THE SOCIETY

NEW YORK GROUP V. Corny 841 W. 177th.St. Apt. 3J, New York 33, N.Y.
WESTERN U.S. A, I. Masloff 671 S. Norton Ave,, Los Angeles 5, California.
GREAT BRITAIN J. Barry 77A St. James Rd., Sutton, Surrey, England.
. :, BELGIUM B. Legky 16 Sq. Gutenberg, Brussels, Belgium.
"GEBMMtIY Dr. B. Woropinsky 16 Auorbach-Bonsheim, Banhofstr. Relag,
S.Germany..
ISRAEL A. Trumpeldor Arba Artzot 25, Tel Aviv, Israel
SFr. MOROCCO V. N. BUtkov 49 Rue Laperouse, Casablanca, French Morocco.
CAIADA P. Demianenko ,354j Yong St. Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
VENEZUELA E. I. Marcovitch Edif. uCamuri" Apto. No. 25 Callo Real de
--...'Sabana Grande, Caracas, Venezuela.
BRAZIL P. Beloff Rua Pedrozo 238, Caixa Post 2960, San Paulo, Brazil
ARGENTINA B. Riasnianski Lerrazabal 2870, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
FRNCE A. Liashenko 1 Rue du.Bocage, Paris 15, France.
AUSTRALIA V. Tvolkmnyor 45 Garnerts Ave., Marrickville, Sydney,
S- .N.S.W., Australia,
-- ------------------------------------------------ -------- -----------
Membership dues are. $3.00 per annum for all countries. Application
forms, which must be filled out, are available upon request. Journal,
membership lists, code, bulletins, and supplements to the membership will
.be sent out annual. Please make checks payable to A. Lavrov instead of
Rossica: or Dr. G. B. Salisbury.

We elcomo advertisements from members, non-members and dealers. Full
page $30.00. Half page $15.00. Quarter page $7.50. Twelfth page $2.50,
(5 lines). Members of Rossica pay only 50% of the cost. With a discount
the cost per line to members is only 25 cents. By helping yourself, you
also help us.. .. .

------#---------9/50
2 #49/50

SOCIETY PAGE

1934 1955 IN NEW YORK
A.ACHEBOTKEVICH E.M.ARKHAN6UELSKY A.A.CHEBOTKEVICH KURT ADLER

V. CERNY IN FRO T OF ROSSICA JOURNALS MR. DOWNS, EDITOR OF"STAMPS
DR.SAuLSBURY'S MEDAL WINNING ON AND OUR MEMBERMRS.DOWNS
COLLECTION OF IMPERIAL RUSSIA EXHIBITION SHELVES AND HELEN GUERRA
.-.. .. .."
.,- ^ '..,, ,- -o .. - -. .. ..l -

193.J4 1955 IN NEW YORK

R. POLCHANOTKEVINOF E..ARKAND HKYS OUR ARTHUR SHIELDS KURT ADLER

SON SOAKING OFF STAMPS. FAMOUS ACTOR OF HOLLYWOOD, STAGE,
in JUGOSLAVIAR ADIO AND T TELEVISION.
AMIN&,f t C m K a |

F, I P EAF I .EFPE
V. CERNY IN FRONT OF ROSSICA JOURNALS MR. DOWNS, EDITOR OF'-SAMPS*
DR.SALISBUY'S MEDAL WINNING ON AND OUR MEMBER,MRS. DOWNS
COLLECTION OF IMPERIAL RUSSIA EXHIBITION SHELVES AND HELEN GUERRA

PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE
by A. Chobotkovich :.!
-:... This is the fiftieth number of the Rossica Journal, and a Jubilee of this
event is in order. It is a double number, rich in content, and the editorial
board, as well as the authors should be congratulated for their efforts.

.As you know, the Fifth International Philatelic Exhibition, "Fipexa was
held in New York, not so long ago, this year. We congratulate our members,
listed eoXowhere, who participated and won high honors and medals, thus
elevating the prestige of our society. A note of sorrow must be added, about
,the philatelic itoraturecontest, in which major and do-luxe publications,
representing thousands of members wore pitted against modest, but important in
content, publications, representing but several hundred members, usually
printed by mimoography, This unfair situation is adequately covered in the
editorial by our Editor in Chief Dr. Gregory B. Salisbury. Yet, at the pre-
vious international shows, which placed journals in proper categories, for
correct and fair judging, our journal won great accolades. We must mention
.at this point the fact that we issued at that time only one edition, and not
two, in Russian and in English, as we do now. Two editions of every number
mean a wider use and enjoyment, and an opportunity for philatelists all over
the world to understand all of the contents, previously available only to
th4so few emigres who know the Russian language. Yet, this means double
effort, and I for one know that in order to produce this issue alone, Dr.
Salisbury and Rimma Sklarovski spent an entire summer and fall editing,
translating, preparing stencils, because I had to pitch in and help on
"several occasions. All this is beside the point now. When we were given a
fair opportunity, we won at international exhibitions, silver medals at
OSTROPA 1935, Koenigsberg; ZEFIB 1937, Belgrade; and bronze medals at WIPA
1933, Vienna; and IRAGA 1938, at Prague. World War II ended our activities
shortly afterwards. It is our hope that with the revival of Rossics Journal,
*we shall compete in future international shows, under better circumstances,
than we did at FIEX,.

We received to-day a letter and a brochure from our Hon. Member V. A.
Rachmanoff. It was a reprint of his famous article "Poland No. 1* in the
Polonus Bulletin, from the Collectors Club Philatelist. Our congratulations.
We hope that he will write for Rossica a similar article on Russia No. 1 (As
he did for Collectors Club, sometime ago) for our Jubilee issue next year,
celebrating 100 years of Russia No. 1 stamp.

We likewise wish to congratulate our Hon. Member A. Rosselovitch for
his lecture before the uCorcle 'dEtudos Philatoliquo" in Belgium, and for
his subsequently published article 0Stamps of the North West Army" This
will appear in our journal at a later date. Our doep thanks too to Mr.
Vansovich our member in Rio do Janeiro, for his groat efforts in enrolling
now members, and a salute to our two now representatives, A. N. Liashonko
in France and V. Tvelkmoyor of Australia. We wish them good luck
oooo0 oooooQooooooo

GIBBONS 1957 Cataloguo, Part II has boon published. Armenia has been completely
rewritten, Azorbaijan revised and added to. Russian Civil War Issues have
boon regrouped. Listing of RSFSR small heads have boon rewritten and various
changes have boon mado in listings of RSFSR and early issues of USSR. Our
S friends and members of Rossica in England were responsible for those changes*
ooo oo9000o00000000
#49/50 5

PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE
by A. Chobotkovich :.!
-:... This is the fiftieth number of the Rossica Journal, and a Jubilee of this
event is in order. It is a double number, rich in content, and the editorial
board, as well as the authors should be congratulated for their efforts.

.As you know, the Fifth International Philatelic Exhibition, "Fipexa was
held in New York, not so long ago, this year. We congratulate our members,
listed eoXowhere, who participated and won high honors and medals, thus
elevating the prestige of our society. A note of sorrow must be added, about
,the philatelic itoraturecontest, in which major and do-luxe publications,
representing thousands of members wore pitted against modest, but important in
content, publications, representing but several hundred members, usually
printed by mimoography, This unfair situation is adequately covered in the
editorial by our Editor in Chief Dr. Gregory B. Salisbury. Yet, at the pre-
vious international shows, which placed journals in proper categories, for
correct and fair judging, our journal won great accolades. We must mention
.at this point the fact that we issued at that time only one edition, and not
two, in Russian and in English, as we do now. Two editions of every number
mean a wider use and enjoyment, and an opportunity for philatelists all over
the world to understand all of the contents, previously available only to
th4so few emigres who know the Russian language. Yet, this means double
effort, and I for one know that in order to produce this issue alone, Dr.
Salisbury and Rimma Sklarovski spent an entire summer and fall editing,
translating, preparing stencils, because I had to pitch in and help on
"several occasions. All this is beside the point now. When we were given a
fair opportunity, we won at international exhibitions, silver medals at
OSTROPA 1935, Koenigsberg; ZEFIB 1937, Belgrade; and bronze medals at WIPA
1933, Vienna; and IRAGA 1938, at Prague. World War II ended our activities
shortly afterwards. It is our hope that with the revival of Rossics Journal,
*we shall compete in future international shows, under better circumstances,
than we did at FIEX,.

We received to-day a letter and a brochure from our Hon. Member V. A.
Rachmanoff. It was a reprint of his famous article "Poland No. 1* in the
Polonus Bulletin, from the Collectors Club Philatelist. Our congratulations.
We hope that he will write for Rossica a similar article on Russia No. 1 (As
he did for Collectors Club, sometime ago) for our Jubilee issue next year,
celebrating 100 years of Russia No. 1 stamp.

We likewise wish to congratulate our Hon. Member A. Rosselovitch for
his lecture before the uCorcle 'dEtudos Philatoliquo" in Belgium, and for
his subsequently published article 0Stamps of the North West Army" This
will appear in our journal at a later date. Our doep thanks too to Mr.
Vansovich our member in Rio do Janeiro, for his groat efforts in enrolling
now members, and a salute to our two now representatives, A. N. Liashonko
in France and V. Tvelkmoyor of Australia. We wish them good luck
oooo0 oooooQooooooo

GIBBONS 1957 Cataloguo, Part II has boon published. Armenia has been completely
rewritten, Azorbaijan revised and added to. Russian Civil War Issues have
boon regrouped. Listing of RSFSR small heads have boon rewritten and various
changes have boon mado in listings of RSFSR and early issues of USSR. Our
S friends and members of Rossica in England were responsible for those changes*
ooo oo9000o00000000
#49/50 5

FIFTH INTERNATIONAL PHILATELIC EXHIBITION-FIPEX

The exhibition is now ancient history, and we can now look back and
calmly view it from our particular angle. There is a great deal to say,
both in criticism and in praise. We shall try to be fair. It was the
largest philatelic gathering to-date, it set all records in statistics, and
we must praise the workers, for the stupendous amount of effort in behalf of
our wonderful hobby. The committeemen and volunteers who slaved so much to
make the show a success deserve our thanks.

First day attendance was 60,000, as compared to 30,000 of Cipex, 1947,
there were 11,900,745 items sold by the New York Post Office, and 1,700,000
processed first day covers. The automobile and the camera shows held at the
same time, in the New York Coliseum, drew less than a half of the attendance
at our show. This speaks well for our hobby.

Before we go into details, we must explain several important points to
our readers who wrote indignantly to my office about the absence of Rossica
journals and your Editorts monograph from the Catalogue of Fipex Exhibition.
Our money was paid, $30.00 out of your Editor's own pocket, to Fipex,
.immediately when the prospectus was sent out last year. Both editions and
the Monograph on the Romanov Tercentennary Issue, printed in British Journal
of Russian Philately, were sent along with the 160 pages of exhibition
material, at the earliest date allowed. The stamps were mounted in the
frames and were shown, listed in the catalogue, and later received a medal.
The Rossica Journals and the Monograph were not exhibited on the first day,
and were not listed in the catalogue We were told that they were not re-
S ceived, then, when your Editor found them in the bin room, he was told that
they-came too late, then, when affidavits were shown to the contrary, they
were allowed to be placed on shelves, along with other journals, like grocer-
ies, instead of being placed behind suitable frames. Some buckled, slid off,
our two were picked up twice by passers by, and would have been stolen, had
not your Editor grabbed them back. They aro shown, as evidence, in a photo-
graph, on the Society Page, as being shown at Fipex. At this point, we were
informed that Judges would not consider them, because they were. not in the
catalogued At this point they became an important issue, as we did not wish
to suffer for the negligence of the bin committee. We consulted the head of
the Fipex, and were finally told that the judges would examine our publication.
Did they fulfill this promise. Wo have our doubts

We shall not gripe obout the fact that we did not receive a medal for
our journals. The Fipex rulers unfairly decided that all journals should
compete against each other, instead of being judged on merit, in proper
categories, as was done recently at NORVEX, and STOCKHOIMIA. One cannot
compare incomparablest Journals like Collectors Club Philatelist, American
Philatelist should have competed in their class, having hundreds or thousands
of members, huge treasuries, de-luxe publications; stamp weeklies should have
their own group and a medal, and publications like ours, mimeographed for
only three hundred or so members should have had a competition all of their
own. Had we known the basis on which judging would be done, we would have re-
frained from entering our journals, and suspect others would have d6ne the
same. We would have expected the judging to be done on contents and special-
ized material offered which is truly not offered by any other journals. We
do not say that those which received awards were less than ours in this

S 6 #49/50

respect; we do say that we, and others who wore ignored, are doing an
equivalent service to the hobby in our fiold, and merited equal consideration.
Wo can only regretfully conclude that the philatelic section was included
chiefly to get the added revenue at $10 an entry, with no proper thought
given to how they were to be fairly judged. It is obvious that in any future
show the philatelic literature section should be eliminated; nothing could
"have proved this fact better than what happened at FIIEX.

There wore 3,202 frames at the show, and only two exhibitors showed
"ORussia", and both presented *Imperial Russia". We can proudly state that
both won modalst Paul M. Davidson, of Chicago, Illinois, our member, won
the Gold Modal, while Dr. Salisbury received the Bronze Medal, Incidentally,
our member Mr. Samuel Ray prepared and wrote up the Davidson Collection, as
well as many others, and Mr. Rayls work received five major awards. Trophy
for Best in Section.......................China.
Gold Modal...... .....................Imperial Russia.
Silver-Gilt Modal.........................Brazil "Dom Pedros"u
Silver-Gilt Medal.... ............Newfoundland Airposts.
Silver-Gilt Medal.........................Danzig.
This is based on his ad in the STAMPS and the American Philatelist.

-Mr. Davidson's Collection was fabulous. We admired his highly spoacial-
ized collection of #1 with paper and plate varieties, various cancellations,
many rare, both on and off cover, in superb condition. A complete write up
of this will appear shortly in our journal. He also showed a specialized
S collection of "Small Arms" Issues, including essays, proofs, varieties,
S errors, off and on cover, 14 kop. bisect on cover, full sheets of 32 and 7
rubles without thunderbolts, and numerous inverted centers. Somi-postals
wore also shown (wo were amazed to see a block of 3 kop. plus 1 kop. 1914
S Orange shown as a proof, or an essay, we forget which, when it is definitely
known to be the product of a chemical change by the forgers of Odessa & Paris).
The somi-postals were also highly specialized shown as essays, proofs,
''varieties, and on cover, as well as fabulous groupings of "OBRAZETS". The
finest part of the show was the wonderful array of essays, proofs of the
Romanov Torcontennary Issue of 1913 as well as the varieties and imperforates.
This magnificent display blended nicely with the ten frames of 160 sheets of
your editors Romanovts, selected from a ten volume collection of one issue.
Needless to state, this section of FIPEX attracted all .of our members, and
served as a meeting place for the Rossica and BSRP groups, throughout the
show.

Our Hon. Member Vladimir Rachmanoff received a Gold Medal for his
great display of 18th. Century Polish Stamploss Covers, and for Poland No.
1, a specialized collection with many varieties, including a block of four
on cover, and the imperforate variety, one on cover.

Our member, Dr. L. Kozakiewicz of Chicago, received a silver gilt
medal for Poland No. 1, including essays, proofs, and cancellations, featuring
the only known block of six, and a sudy of colors and varieties.

Another member of ours, Charles W. Dougan, of Glendale, California,
received a Solver Modal for Tibet. He is incidentally very active on the
West Coast and is the proud owner of a highly specialized collection of
China* Our well known member, Fred Barovick, Vice President of SPA, received

#49/50 7

a Bronze Modal for his Souvenir and Miniature Shoots of the World. Our
: member, and most active Global Cover Society leader, J. C. Wheat, also
received a Bronze Medal, and his award was given for a fabulous collection
of early stampless covers of the world up to 1850 as well as first issues.

Our member, Dr. H. C. Pollack, a distinguished lecturer and research man,
from Chicago, spoke at the Exhibition, and displayed #X-Rays in Philatelic
Research". Many Imperial Russian stamps were shown in this collection, as
objects of study by the roontgen rays. Member. Samuel Ray of Chicago, showed
Mongolia, also Egypt, the former being of utmost interest to us, as it con-
tained forerunners, regular stamps, and varieties, as well as a study of
the overprints. Many Russian postmarks wore shown. ;

SWe zust compliment our member, Bernard Davis, Director of the National
Philatolic Museum, for his extraordinary display of U. P. U. issues at Fipext
and for his groat taste and philatelic knowledge, in presentation. If this
exhibit were placed in competition, it would have won a major award Our
congratulations.

S Member F. Fritz Billig should be commended for the very fine handbook,
Handbook No. 25 which he placed in competition. .He should have shown all
of his wonderful handbooks, published in the past, for they have been of.
immense service to our hobby .. *. .

Before we leave the list of our members who were active at the Fipex, we
must state that one of the busiest ladies there was our own Mrs. Charlotte
N, Downs, Editor of STAMPS and a member of various.Fipex committees. Her
work prior to the opening of the show, such as mounting exhibits, and
organizational duties, as well as her helpful efforts from the "headquarters"
i at the STAMPS booth, should win her a special medal..

We must note, with pride, that in nearly every case where Russian material
was shown, as part of an exhibit, of another country, or theme, the exhibit
won a medal! Let us mention some of the exhibitors, our friends, and as yet,
not our members, who won medals: .

.Gold Modal with Diamond Insert. '.
Sam Rodvien, N,Y.-Air Mails of the World

Silver Gilt Medal.
Sol Rozman, Brooklyn, N.Y.-Foreign Posts in Palestine.
Edward M. Tolman, N.Y.-Mongolia
Ira Seebacher, Roslyn, N.Y.-Sports on Stamps. *,

Silver Modal.
Otto Hoffman, Jorusales, Israel-Postal History of Holy Land
S, N. Shuro, Chicago-Palestine

Bronze Medal.
Eugene Kotyk, Jersey City-Ukraino
Dr..J. A. Buchness, Baltimore, Md.-Lithuania Airmails
Lt. Col. R. Ahonius, Helsinki-Finnish Field Mail
W.Kolakowski, Great Neck, N.Y.-Poland ... .
O .GK B. Holstrom, Stockholm-Mongolia

"8 #9/50

We should mention two others, who did not win medals but presented
fine collections of interest to us. One was by Wolfgang Fritzcho, of Geneva,
"* ,. N. Y. showing Russia-Pleskau World War II local mail sorvico under German
occupation, from August 1941 to April 1942, as well as official Ostland
Stamps. Another was the collection of Floyd S. Leach of Rowayton, Conn,
who.presented "Siberia" including the first and the. last days of Shanghai
cancellations, first day Siberian, Russian, Y. M. C. A. cover, We must
also mention E. Rosenfeld of N. Y. who showed most' interesting air mails
from Przomysl, besieged 1914.15, and military courier air service Vienna-
Kiov. .. .

-It is our sincerest hope that the exhibitors mentioned will write up
their wonderful collections for the future issues of our journal, thus
giving philately a permanent record of their treasures. We must note the
trends at Fipox toward postal history, revenues, postal stationery, and.
foreign. Research collections were few, truly mature topicals were scarce,
and scarcest of all were the people to view thomt MOST OF THE PEOPLE WHO
ATTENDED WERE MILLING AROUND THE DEALER'S BOOTHS, while huge display rooms
full of treasures, in the frames, were poorly attended Amen,
S. ooooooooooooooooooooo

S. R E V E N U E C :A'T ATALOGU E

; We are proud to announce the completion of the revenue catalogue by
Emile Marcovitch, the author of the wonderful catalogue of labels, which
S. is being published by us serially in our journal. At first, we intended
to print it as a separate book, in a book form, and some of you were
contacted to donate to the fund, needed for the production. The costs
involved, and the small response have altered the plans..

We intend to publish this monumental work in a serialized form,
beginning with the #51. The great cost of illustrations can not be borne
by the society treasury, and we are applying the money in the Fund, toward
the cost of the photos. The amount we have is inadequate, and we appeal
to all of the members for contributions. Needless to state, the catalogue
of Forbin is obsolete, inadequate, incomplete, in many places most
inaccurate, it covers but a portion of the needed material, and.........
it is almost-impossible to purchase. Your editor paid $25.00 for a poor
copy of a 1905 edition Here is your chance to add a valuable addition to
your, library. .* '. .: .' '

Mr. Marcovitch received valuable aid from R. A. Sklarevski, J. Posell,
.J. Reynolds, Dr. G. B. Salisbury, and from many other collectors of revenues.
.Your financial aid at this point will enable this journal to be of great
service to Rossica, and.to our great hobby.

S.C .. NTIBUTORS TO THE FUND ":":
Sf. ..
.. ; : J. Posell.........$25. 00.
,.. Dr. Salisbury.... ..$25.00
S. F. J. Fohs..........$15.00" .
; - :' J... Wintorhalter.q...$ 5.00
L. Zaikowski.,...... 1.75
Salo of books.....$13.00 -.:

#49/50 9

AIRPOST STAMPS OF USSR OVERIRINTED "NORTH POLE-MOSCOW 1955
by P. Matishev

During the second half of 1955 (November) Soviet Union commemorated the
opening of two scientific drifting stations near the North Pole, the Stations
""North Pole 4" and "North Pole 5", by overprinting two previously issued air
post stamps of 1 and 2 ruble values. The overprint in Russian and its .
English equivalent is:-
,,CeB. nolAcOC NOR, POL-er
M- Moi-.B -- Moscow
1. 55 r, 1 9.5 Y.
The overprint on 1 r. stamp is in red-brown, while on the 2 r. it is red.
These stamps issued in a limited quantity, 15,000 series, were on sale in
Moscow for only several hours, and are already extremely scarce. Although
their nominal value was 75 cents, they sold at first in U.S.A. for $6.25,
later the price fell to $3.00 a set, then rose to $3.50. In the Soviet
Union, among the philatelists, the set sells for 80 rubles.

?thuble .
-a-The upper curve of numeral "9" is defective, pushed down from above.
This variety occurs once in a sheet, on a stamp located at the left
border of the sheet.
b-Both u5's" of the date "1955" are closed and resemble Russian letter "b
c-First "5" of the date "1955" is closed & the lower half of the letter
"aB" in the word uMOCKBA" is completely filled in. This can not be mis-
taken for stamps with shifted overprint in which the lower half of the
letter "B" falls on one of the ships in the design of the basic stamp,
Sand which may give the same appearance as the above variety.

2 Rubles
4 a-First "5" of the date "1955" is closed.

We must note here that the red color used in overprinting the 2 ruble'
value is clearer than the brown-red color used in overprinting the 1 ruble
stamp, thus we conclude that the overprint on 2 ruble value was more apt to
spread. The variety of 1 ruble stamp gives the impression of an error in
cliche, while that of 2 rubles I believe is due to the spreading of ink.

SI may add that I have two varieties which do not correspond to any of
the above.
1 ruble-First "5' of "19551 is closed, however all else is normal.
2 rubles-Both "5Is" of "1955" are closed.

Editorial Comments:-Our member #4S, T. Wroublevsky of.France, informs member
R. Polchaninoff that forgeries of this series have appeared in France. This
may explain the ease with which one can buy these series of stamps in USA,
although the author found but 10 series in Sweden, and that only 15,000 sets
supposedly were issued. Your editor has many sets of this series, both in
singles and in strips. He has been offered many, in long strips and blocks.
These overprints seemed to be genuine by comparison, however data is needed
on counterfeits. We must also consider the fact that since the same overprint
was used on both values there is a possibility of ink spreading, because
of the tpne of the overprint getting dirty and not being cleaned often enough
and that some letters of the type may have been droken or damaged. As yet
we have not seen any cancelled copies nor any covers,
00000000000000

10 #49/50

POLISH CONSULAR POST IN ODESSA IN 1919-1920
Sb Soymour Gibrick

When we study the history of Ukrainian philatoly, we como upon one
interesting fact, the evidence of influence on its postal history, in 1919-
1920 of the foreign military forces and diplomatic envoys. One example of
duch influence is the postal emission of stamps of tho Polish Consulate in
Odessa, in November 1919, frequently unknown to many collectors of Ukraine.

"Capt. S. do Shramohonko states that this post was actually opened in
September, 1919, at No. 25, Sophiovskaya, Odessa, and the following unover-
printed, Polish stamps wore used:-
5 fen green (#94) 25 fen olive green (#100)
10 fen rod violet (#95) 1 mark violet (#103)
15 fon deep rose (#97) 15 hel vermilion (#124) -One sheet of 100
20 fen deep blue (#99) 25 hel light blue (#126)-0no sheet of 100

In November 1919 Odessa was occupied by the White Army of General Anton
Denikin, which after the unsuccessful campaign against Moscow, during the
spring and summer of 1919, retreated into the southern part of Ukraine, under
the pressure from Bolsheviks. Odessa was isolated from the land sector and
had almost nc postal communications. A considerable number of Polish refugees
"gathered in the city, and influenced the Polish Consul there to organize a
special consular post to Poland. This consul was designated there, during
the regime of the Ukrainian Government in 1918.

p In November 1919 a number of Polish postage stamps of 1919, perforated 11j
were overprinted in black and red with the word uOdesa" in Latin characters,
(Notice that Odessa is spelled with one us"), and the overprint on "fen" values
was smaller than on the "marka" value. Officially these stamps wore in use,
to Poland, from December 12, 1919 to January 31, 1920.

1-10 fon, rod violet (#95)------595 4-50 fen, deep greoon (#102)------606
a-inverted overprint--------------3 a-inverted overprint---------------6
b-red overprint---------------50 b-red overprint---------------50

2-20 fen, deep blue (#99)-------596 5-1 mark, violet (#103)---------700
a-inverted overprint--------------5 a-inverted overprint--------------6

3-25 fen, olive green (#100)----208 6-15 hel, vermilion----------------6.
a-inverted overprint------------- 5

The quantities issued and their short and limited use show the rarity of
those stamps, especially on covers. Because of this, dangerous forgeries exist
Those and unovorprinted stamps were cancelled by an elongated 3-line killer,
with word "Odosal in the center. Billig in his handbook No. 1, lists all of
the above stamps. This post ended shortly after Odessa was occupied by rod
troops.

We are inclined to think that those stamps were highly speculative,, and.
because of their limited use are not listed in any standard catalogue.

#49/50 11

NOTES ON RUSSIAN OFFICES IN TUTKEY
Sby R. Seymour BPlonfieold

I note that the Journal carries a list of philatelic articles, handbooks,
"-: etc. of Russian interest. It this connection I have an important article to
'report. The Club Philatoliouo d'Egypto publishes a fine quarterly journal:
":ULlOrient Philatolique." On p. 351 of #-86 (April 1954) is an article: Los
Bureaux Postaux Russos a Aloxandrio et a Port Said", by Ibrahim Chaftar,
FR.P.S.L.-R.D.P. The closing of the Russian Offices in Egypt is fully
covorod. Tho author has had access to the old Egyptian postal records and
has published his findings in the above journal. In this article reforrod
to above he gives the text of several letters and telegrams covering the
closing of the Russian Offices in Alexandria and Port-Said and shows that
they were closed on October 1, 1875. .

SIn 'my collection of Egypt I have a cover with Scottts Russian Offices in
Turkey #5, cancelled with Numeral 785 in triangle formed of dots and on the
back a circular Russian marking in blue, reading "PORT ALEXAT RIA -8 MAY'.
SI also have d strip of 3 of the same stamp, on pieco, just barely tied by
the same blue circular marking dated: "67 I-22(dato reversed),"

Another cover with two 2 kop. P.O. in Turkey #21 is addressed to
Aleppo and has two Turkish stamps on the back cancelled "Alop I Juillot 18801
The late date worried meo so I made a careful examination and found the blue
S circular marking on the face reads "JAEXANDRETTA 21 JUIE" in Russian. The
stamps are tied by a similar blue marking, pretty smudged, but the wording
B seems different,. perhaps "SMIIRlE (Russian)"l. A friend of mine, Charles Fox
: of Now York, also an Egyptian specialist, has a cover with a circular "PORT
SAID -.10 DEC. 1872" (Russian) on face. I believe this is a very scarce
marking. -

i .
0000000000000

Extensive stock,.,.......,.... .

"RUSSIA '& STATES' & OFFICES

Stamploss covers, postal stationery, stamp rarities and regular issues,

proofs, essays, varieties, cancellations, covers, .Inquiries invited.

"'. A MU E L R A Y

Also, professional mounting and writing-up of collections.

0 12 #49/50

THE REGULAR POSTAGE STAMP ISSUES

OF THE USSR

B Y KU RT A D LE R

SCOTT'S TYPES
A 58 1, 4, 5, 8,14, 20 K.
A 59 3,7, 8,10,18,40 K.
AND I R. TPo. rTHO.

A60 2,6,9,15,30,50K.
A 62 2 R. i ci...CE. c;
"SMALt.ll AN LAR"IY
A 63 3 R,. THINNE. NDmLc.Kt.
Kpyj .we w KP7 a.o
A64 5 R.. .Tn.... T" s..
T t RO. I JIATO. (a

TYPO.
LiNe fUTHenR FROM L T0O.
FRAmK. L;ine .ae TO VrR4
IUTCyix pkbjt* or u,. x H -.Arne oT
PANK9.
PAMUK.

~~sc VI* L *TCM TH1ICK- -rericaL rt'TN lK
-`"Ct*?~C TO*.'Y.'C* eTpwCTpe Hb 10140 Tm e.

KOn3 7 KOnOn. Kol Kon Kon0 an Kon on
NO PenioS irt O P Fti,o To4p (I K 11
T TMno. 2 JI TO. 2a TMfO. 3 JliTro. 3

Ty PC I TYP&E I
nu l TOP TO Bp,

Y.p b. .I TMO. K P 0
/tL, sHoRi ro i f i f
L or, a.,. ; ToUcmh OaS NOT TOUC .
PrAKu. THt FRAMt. --
nAa PMK... M OO "A T TM4o. 5 1MTO. 5o
A4 PA PAMK t.
4 40

"TV PO.

K 1..X NeAonATr AO WlTPx OKOJC PA>..
.n. ',^n TI

.....- --A ..... 0 A 6. .
S6 lo

Jt1TO. 60
7.'14.* L, P 6 I A^.I
FRAME P .j..
S.Ellillit T7I IL FoN 6.

JIVTO. 64

THE REGULAR POST STAMP ISSUES OF THE USSR
by Kurt Adlor

Before the appearance of the Commemorative Stamp, the Charity stamp,
the whole array of topical issues, the multicolored propaganda labels, all
destined at bost to remind the population of a nations historical and
cultural heritage, and at worst to advertise slogans and sell ideas, and
also to hypnotically draw the stamp collector's monoy out of his pockets, it
was up to the simple postage stamps which we today call the regular or defi-
nito stamps to servo as means of franking the mail. Their issue was a ne-
cossity and, since they were used extensively they had to be reprinted, re-
issued and, if postal rates changed, re-valued or surcharged. Additional
values had to be issued, other printings in different colors, by different
printing methods and with different perforations and watermarks followed.
All this was usually spread over a number of years before another definite
issue with different designs appeared. These regular, definite, or standard
issued, somewhat neglected by the contemporary collector in favor of the
above mentioned commemorativos, contain a lot of most interesting varieties,
most of them well in reach of the average collector's pocket book, and are
apt to open a whole array of most fascinating material for research by the
specialist collector.

Russia,'with its more than 200 million inhabitants had an especially
urgent need for these standard series and has changed and re-issued them with
regular frequency. Since the formation of the USSR in 1923 and the intro-
duction of the Gold Standard, there has been 8 distinctively different l-rge
series of postage stamps which the Russians themselves name Standard Series.
Unlike the Commemorative sets, all values of the standard set are available
at all post offices and no possibility of buying these sets for speculative
purposes is being feared since the number of stamps printed is too high to
S be hoarded. The Russians are, therefore,justified in calling them mass
issues. Qf course, every issue has some rare varieties, some extremely so,
and we will try to give as complete a picture as possible. Each catalogue
offers bits of information, none is complete. The basis for this article is
found in the different Soviet Catalogues, Scottts and various foreign cata-
loguos, and in the specialized philatelic literature in that field. A bibli-
ography will follow at the end of this study.

We will begin our research with tne first sot issued by the newly formed
Union of Soviet LScialist Republics in October 1923. The definite issues
released by the RSFSR prior to introduction of the Gold Standard concern
mostly the inflation issues and would necessitate separate study.

THE FIRST STANDARD SERIES OF USSR 1923-1927,

This set usually goes under the name of "Omall head" stamps, and was
excellently described by H. L. Aronson in his study "The Small Head Issues
of Russia" in the Russian-American Philatelist, We will use his research as
a basis and augment it in regard to new discoveries since the time of the
publication of that article in 1943.

The design of this sot is not new. It had boon modified and simplified
from former issues and depicts the three main strata of the population, the
Worker, the Peasant, and the Rod Army Soldier. The artist-dosignor, I. D.
S Ivanov-Shadr, had worked on this project very conscientiously. He chose live

14 #49/50

models from his homo town of Shadrinsk and made sculptures of those three
Types. Those sculptures were thon photographed from all sides and the best
"view was selected to serve as the design for the stamps. All of the stamps
S of the small head series boar the inscription CCCP (USSR), the value, and
the word uZolotom" which means "in gold". For the first months, however,
Until March 1924, whon the new Ruble based on Gold Standard was finally
introduced, purchasorsof those stamps at the post office had to pay in
currency which fluctuated from day to day, the value being established
"through-the daily official stock market (bourse) quotations.

In the early twenties the two major printing processes used in Russia
"were lithography and typography. The small heads were printed by both
processes. Before we list the different designs, both in lithographic and
Stypographic printing, we will explain and illustrate their differences and
Sthe distinguishing marks. This is not always easy, and four values, the 1,
S 2, 6 and 20 kop. present veritable difficulties of identification.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN LITHOGM:PHED AiD TYPQOMGPHED STAMPS
The typographed stamps, generally, show up in slight relief on the
reverse sid6. This pertains mainly to the letters and figures in the tablet
.and the frame lines, not unlike typewritten letters which show in relief on
the reverse side., This distinguishing mark, however, is only reliable on
mint gummed stamps;.on cancelled stamps the slight relief becomes undistinguis'
able. The typographed stamps, generally, are from + to nmm. shorter than the
.lithographed. Should the identification of some stamps of this imperforate
"typographod and litHographed issue become too difficult, an easily obtain-
able"perforated stamp of the opposite printing process may be used for com-
S prison, by putting it side by side with the imperforate' one which is to be
S identified. .. ,

The Worker design (Scott Type A58), the 1, 5 and 20 kop. lithographed
can be distinguished from typographed stamps only by absence of the slight
"relief impression on the reverse side of the mint gummed stamps, which is
"-present on the typographed stamps. Typographed 1, 4 and 20 kop. are imm.
shorter and 5 kop. -mm. shorter than the lithographed. The 4 kop. can be
easily separated, because the vertical stem of figure 4"n is much thicker
.on the typographed stamps.and thus gives "4" a shorter appearance, and
typographod are 19.75mm. high againnft 20.25mm. for lithographed. (Fig.3 )
(Fig. 3a)
The Peasant Desig (Scott Type A60), the 2, 6 and 50 kop. values can
also be best recognized by the above mentioned relief impression, which is
found on mint gummed typographed stamps only. The design is also much
smoother ond clearer on typographed stamps, and 2 and 6 kop. values are imm.
shorter, while 50,kop. value is imm. shorter than lithographed. The little
circles in the squares in the upper corners are smaller and thinner on the
typographod stamps. (Fig.1 ) (Fig. la)

The Soldier Desian (Scott Type A59), offers the easiest way of iden-
tification. All stamps of this design, of which the 3, 10 kop. and 1 ruble
wore the original values have the white line of the soldiorts blouse go to
"the frame of the design on tho lithographed stamps, while on typographod
this line does not reach the frame. (Fig. 7). The tvnographod stamps are
.in. shorter than lithographed, being 19.75mm. against 20.25mm.

#49/50 15

The 3 kop. lithographed has a period after "kop" at the left side of the
stamp, while the typographod does not have it. The 1 ruble lithographed has
periods after both "Rub." while the typographod does not; the white frame
line on both sides of the stamp stops at the bottom tablet on lithographed
printing while on typographed it goes all around, thus framing the design
completely. (Fig.7)
----------- ----------------- -
The stamps of the lithographed and typographed issues were printed on
white or-yellowish paper which varies in thickness from 0.5 to 0.7mm. All
small size Small Heads were printed in sheets of 100, 4 panes of 25 (5x5)
stamps, while the 3 and 5 ruble values were printed in sheets of 50 (10x5).
There are numerous shades of some of the values, a few of them quite rare in
mint state. We will mark the difficult to obtain stamps with R, RR, and RRR.

The small heads wereofirst issued lithographed and imperforate. The
first stamps appeared in September 1923, the last (1 ruble) at the beginning
of 1924. The typographed imperforate and the first perforated stamps followed
during 1924.

FIRST REGULAR ISSUE. LITHOGRAPHED, I1MPfMFOPRATE UNIIATERMARKED.
Scott's catalogue numbers are given before each value those of S. G. in
parenthesis. Shades are disregarded in numbering. (Figs. la to 5a & 7a)
250-1 kop. orange (335) 256-10 kop. dark blue (341)
orange yellow blue
251-2 kop. dull green (336) 257-20 kop. dark green (342)
green yellow green
yellow green green
S 252-3 kop. red brown (337) 30 kop. violet (1955 Soviet Catalogue)
brown red 258-50 kop. brown (343)
253-4 kop, rose red (338) light brown
rose 259- 1 rub. red & light brown (344)
254-5 kop. lilac (339) light red & light brown
dull purple
255-6 kop. blue (340)
deep blue

Varieties
1933 Edition of the Soviet Catalogue states that some varieties exist
with unofficial perforation (ERR).-
'TYPOGRABHED, IMPERFCRATE. UNWATERMARKED.

2 kop. green (IR) (345) 275-10 kop. dark blue (351)
yellow green indigo
273-3 kop, dull rod brown (346) grey blue
brown red 20 kop, green (RR)
274-4 kop. rose (347) light green
red rose pale green
rod rose on pink back-275A-50 kop. brown (ER Mint) (354)
ground. light brown (RR Mint)
5 kop. lilac (RER) 1 rub. red & light brown (RR)
6 kop. blue (R) light rod & light brown (RR)
light blue (RR)
(See Figures 1 to 4 & 7)
16 #49/50

The 2, 5, 20 kop. and 1 ruble typographod stamps of this sot were never
"used-for postage, and 5 kop. was only recently discovered. It was first
listed in 1948 Soviet Catalogue and continued in the later editions. The
author has never seen a copy of this.stamp and lists it here tentatively.
6 kop. exists as a color proof in black. (R)..

Additional values of this imporforate set, printed by typography, were
issued in 1925, mainly to complete the sot for philatelic purposes. However#
the stamps could be used for postage, but are rare thus.

TYPOGRATHED, IMPERFORATE, UNWATERl'.KED (Additional values issued in 1925)
The original set issued in 1924 (See above) consisted only of 9 values.
Eight more values wore issued in 1925, but in much smaller number of sheets.
Those 8-values, mint and cancelled to order could only be bought at the
stores of the Soviet Philatelic Association and at increased price. In the
years during and after the Second World War the Soviets sold the remainder
of their stocks so that today the set is not quite as rare as it used to be.
Since these 8 additional values (like 5 of the original cmes-those not listed
by the Scottls catalogue) were not sold at the post office they are very un-
common used on cover perhaps with the exception of 7 kop. which appeared
in two shades and can be found here and there on cover. Philatelists, how-
ever placed these stamps on covers, and they are quite rare, especially
in connected pieces or in blocks. Many cancelled copies, on or off cover were
prepared by clipping the perforations off the perforated stamps which have
large margins all around. The genuine imperforate stamps have very wide
margins and should be accepted only if at least one margin is more than usually
wide. This applies both for mint and cancelled copies. One additional factor
in their 'identification is that the paper on which they were printed is white.

SThe 30 and 40 kop. typographed can be distinguished from the same values
lithographed by the following characteristics, described in the table below
and illustrated on Figures 5 & 6 (Typo.) and 5a & 6a (Litho.).

..Valua--- Typographed -...... -.-.ithographed .
1 EIGHT 19.5mm. 20.0mm.
FIGURE 30a Smaller Larger
I 3 30 KOP. Straight Top Curved Top
S I r 1 Narrower Wider
See Illustratiop Figur 5 5Fig0a

HEIGHT 19.5mm. 19.5mm.
STEM OF 40a / 0 kop. Higher Smaller
""KOF' i Larger & Wider Smaller & NarrOwer
SSee Illustration Figure 6 Figure 6a

VALtE TYPE I i TYE II .
S.. - "..The uppor of the two ho-ri- 4 The white lines are both
sontal lines dividing the long and of even length, and
i soldierss figure from the 'both roach the soldier's
S -tablot is shorter than the shoulder.
U3 UBES Ilower one and does not run 1
S nto the dark line of the I
soldier's shoulder.
S(Soo Figure 4) (S Figure 4q)

#49/50 17

TYPOGRAPHED. IPERFORATE. UNTATERFMRKED (Additional values issued in 1925)
7 kop, brown (348) 40 kop. slnto grey (353)
choc:clato on.thin paper. 2 rub. carmino & groon (355)
8 kop. brown olive (349) 3 rub. dark brown & groon (Typo I)(356)
W 9 kop. light rod orange (350) dark brown & groon (Typo II)
dark orange rod,on thin 5 rub. dark blue & brown (357)
papor*
30 kop. violet (352)
(See Figs. 4, 4a, 5 nd 6)
The varieties, marked with an asteriT (*) are mentioned in the latest
Soviet Catalogue (1955), but have not yet boon soon by the author.

3 RUBIES-F. Julius Fohs, noted philatelist revises his notes on the "small
"'hoad l typos, originally printed in #17 issue of the Russian American
Philatolist, and we quote: 'Thoro is a distinct variety of the 3
Rub. value so far noted only on an imperforato, typographod stamp,
issued on unwatormarked paper, green & dark brown, on which part of
the shading is less marked, and there is a distinct white line on the
"* lower right side which connects the nock and the collar. All other
copies of the 3 Rub. stamps of this issue that I have are light brown."
5 Rubles-The background is light yellowish brown, but occasionally it has a
darker background. There are two types of design,

TYPE I-The right side of the face and the neck are light with short
shading strokes, The white space on the cap, upper right is
/ narrow.
TYPE II-The shading is heavier on both right side of face and nock,
and the shading lines are longer. White space on the cap, is
broader and more pronounced.

Both types occur on unwatormarkod paper. On watermarked paper,
S Typo II appoers on perforated copies, while Typo I appears on an
imperforate copy. It is probable that Type I also shall be found on
perforated watormarkod copies.

Although the clarity of the design improved with the change of the
printing process to typography, some of the lithographod stamps wore perforated
along with the typographod stamps, when perforating was ordered. The first
lithographod stamps were perforated in Juno, 1924 in two different sizes.

LITHOGRAHED, PBERFORATED. UNWATERMAfRKED (Issued in Juno. 1924)

Perforated l4xl11- Perforated ll-xl2i
1 kop. orange (RRa) (X)
3 kop. red brown (RRR) 3 kop, rod brown (IRR) *
4 kop. rod rose (378) (R mint & oanc.) 4 kop. red rose (0PMR) *
10 kop. dark blue (379) (R mint)
20 kop. green (UMR) *
263-30 kop. violet (380)
264-40 kop. slate grey (381)
1 rub. rod & light brown (RiER) 1 rub. red & light brown (iRR)(x)
red & dark brown (IlR) *
S- Sea note above. (See Figures 2a to ,a) and (5a to 7a)
18 #49/50

X)-H. L. Aronson mentions two of those stamps, the 1 kop. narrow
perforation and the 1 ruble, wid. perforation, but considers thon privately
S: perforated or frauds. The latest tabulation seems to prove tho genuineness
.of Mr. Aronsonts copies.

With the exception of 3, 4, 10 kop. and 1 ruble in narrow perforations,
no other value has boon soon cancelled. They were hardly over put into
circulation .. ..

S"30 kop. exists in strips of 5 perforated-with the word "OBRAZETS"
(Russian word for specimen) over 5 stamps. Likewise the 40 kop.
S TYPOGRArHED, PERFORITEDl/Axll& exceptt 3 & 5 rubles), UNWATEMLKED

S All-of the kopek values were perforated 14/xl/4 and included two ad-
ditional values, namely the 14 and 15 kop. The 3 and 5 ruble values were
perforated 13-, which is a new perforation for the small hoads to that date.
'll sets, with the exception of one single stamp in 1926 were now printed
by typography. Some values of this sot are extremely rare mint and seem to
have boon used up completely. The are missing in most collections even as
single stamps, to say nothing about connected pieces or blocks of four.
":276-1 kop.orango (R Mint) (382) 285 -10 kop. dark blue (391)
"yellow blue
277-2 kop. greeoon (383) indigo
deep green 286 -14 kop. grey blue (392)
S' yellow green 287-15 kop. lemon yellow (RRR Mint)(393)
S278-3 kop. red brown (384) 288 -20 kop. green (394)
brown red dark green
279-4 kop. red rose (385) grey green
bright rose 288A-30 kop. violet (RI Mint) (395)
280-5 kop. lilac (386) vivid violet (RR Mint)
'"- violet 288B-40 kop. slate grey (R Mint) (396)
281-6 kop. blue (387) deep slate grey
light blue 289 -50 kop .brown (397)
pale blue 290- 1 rub, rod & light brown (398)
282-7 kop. brown (388) light rod & light brown
chocolate 291 2 rub. carmine & groon (399)
283-8 kop, brown olive (389) 292 3 rub, dark brown & groon, porf.
olive grey 13O-, Type II. (416)
black olive (RR Mint) 293 5 rub, dark blue & brown, perf.
284-9 kop. red orange (390) 13-. (417)
light red orange dark blue & light brown,
S...perf. 13-.
SVA RIETIES
-6 kop.-color proof in black.
-A few values exist with perforation through the middle (Printers Waste).
-Some values exist with slight double impression, printed on gummed side,
misplaced centers, strong shifts of perforations and partly printed.
-The 2, 3, 7, 8, 20, 30 kop. and 1, 2 rub. exist in strips of 5, perforated
. with word COBRAZETS" (Specimen) on five stamps.

#40/50; 9

-Romeko Catalogue lists 3 rubles, perforated 10 on one vertical side (Romeko
#264a), which may be a later line perforation of a part imporforato stamp
-The 3 ruble exists also as a pair, imporforate between (S. Gibbons #416a).
S *5 ruble has boon soon as a pair, imporforato between: horizontally & vorti-
cally, with double perforation through the contoer

TYPOGRPHED, PERFORATED II 121 (except 3 & 5 rubles), UNTATRMARKED.

S Shortly after the completion of the proceeding sot, the Postal Authori-
ties changed the perforations to llixl2+ gauge which they already had used in
1923 on some of the pro-gold standard small heads and on the three rare
variotios, i. e. the 3, 4 kop. and 1 rub. of the lithographed set of 1924.
From now on, with the exception of 3 stamps later on, only the I1xl2- gauge
was used on the small heads. The 6 kop. and the 2 rub. values wore not issued
in the ll xl2w perforation. This perforation appears in two ways: large holes,
small tooth, and the opposite small holes and wide tooth.

The perforations 10 and 10| appear for the first time, however, on the
3 and 5 ruble values, respectively.

As in the proceeding sets, some values, but not necessarily the same ones
as before, are exceedingly raro in mint state,

A good example of this is the 9 kop. stamp which was first issued in
purple, the same shade as in the 1414 set. There were some intermediate
S shades of this stamp, however, and at the other end of the colorscale there
was the exceedingly rare lavender and slate grey shades of this stamp. But
later when the small heads became popular with collectors outside of Russia
and the Soviet Fhilatolic Association sent them over in groat quantities,
"they did so in sots of mixed perforations and the 5 kop. stamp was always in
the slate grey shade. Today, the purple shade of 5 kop. is very hard to
obtain mint, while it is abundant in cancelled state, while the lavender and
slato grey shades are much harder to find used.

The black olive shade of the 8 kop. which is a rare stamp perforated
13x12 anyway, is extremely rare mint and has never been soon hero thus,
while it abounds in used copies. The 5 ruble Stamp ,-perforated lOi, used
to be very rare and is still listed thus in all catalogues. However, all 5
S rublo stamps in the available mixed perforation sets are of 102 gauge and the
13- perforation is becoming increasingly rare,

Other comparatively rare values are the 4 and 20 kop. mint, and the
1 rub. very rare mint. The 3 rubles perforated 10, which is of TypoII, has
never boon soon hero mint. It must also boon exceedingly rare at the point
of origin since no Soviet Catalogue up to 1955 priced it mint. Evidently,
all copies had bogn used up in the mails. There exists a compound variety of
3 rubles, perforated 13-x10 which was listed for years in foreign catalogues
but has only lately boon included in the Soviet Catalogue. Its price is
50 rubles mint. While it is rare mint it is unobtainable cancelled.
It is also of Type II.

Those examples show how diversified and interesting the collecting of
S small heads can boe Soo the following papo for listinp of stamps described
on this pago.

20 #49/50

"TYPOCRAPHED, PERFORATED 12x12- (oxcopt' & 5 rubles), UNWATERMUJKED

S276a-1 kop. orange (400) 284a-9 kop, rod orange (407)
orange yellow brown orange
277a-2 kop. light groon (401) 285a-10 kop. dark blue (408)
groon blue
dark groon 286a-14 kop. groy blue (409)
278a-3 kop. rod brown (402) 287a-15 kop. lemon yellow (410)
brown rod 288a-20 kop, black groon(411) (R Mint)
279a-4 kop, rod rose .. olive groon
bright roso .. : gray groon
280a-5 kop. purple (404) 288Aa-30 kop. violet (412)
/- violet groy violet
palo violt bright violet
lavender :'288Ba-40 kop. slato groy (413)
"slate grey 289a-50 kop. brown (U 4)
282a-7 kop. brown (405) dark brown
chocolate 290a- 1 rub. rod & light brown (415)
283a-8 kop. brown olive (406)((R Mint) RR mint, R used.
dark olive (R Mint) 292a- 3 rub. dark brown & groon (419)
.black groon (RER Mint) Porf. 10, Typo II (RRR Mint,
.3 rub. dark brown & groon (418)
The paper of this sot is again Porf. 13-xlO, Typo II,
of varied thickness. No major .(RR Ueod).
varieties -other than those listed .293a-5 rub. dark blue & brown
are known to-exist in this sot, Perforated 10-

Fraudulent perforations of the 3 and 5 ruble stamps, made from imperforat(
specimens have appeared on the market. The 3 ruble can do distinguished by
its faked very small pinholes and very wide tooth, approximately perforated
10, the 5 ruble has the compound perforation 10O-01 ;.

TYPOGRAPHED, PELRFORATED 11-x1l2- (oxcopt 3 & 5 rubles), WATERMARKED

From 1925 on, all Soviet stamps were printed on paper watermarked
"Grook Border and Rosottos", and it took two years to complete the small
heads on this paper, The increased demand made it necessary to re-issuo
some of the denominations from now plates by different printing processes,
and also in now colors (10 kop. light blue, issued in 1927). This new color
was made necessary because the dark blue color was found to mako postmarks
unintelligible. An :entiroly now value, appoarod, tho 18 kop., porforitod
13x1l2i. The 3 and 5 ruble values are perforated 13-, and the former also
exists in perforation 121-. There are many color shades. Color proofs oxist,
but the only one known to mo, however, is the 2 kop. in black, the same shade
as the 6 kop. color proof of the unwatormarkod issues.
304-1 kop. orange (430) 308-5 kop. lilac (434)
orange yellow purple
305-2 kop. groon (431) 309-6 kop. light blue (435)
yellow green 310-7 kop. brown (436)
306-3 kop. rod !brown (432) chocolate-
vivid rod brown 311-8 kop. olive (437)
307-4 kop. rod rose (433) dark brown olive
* bright rose 312-9 kop. rod orange (438)
#40/50 21

TYPOGRAPIED, PEFORATED 13-x2l2 (oxcopt 3 & 5 rubles), WATERMARKED
Listing continued front. procoodin jag.o)

313-10 kop. dark blue (439) 319-40 kop. dark slato grey (445)
blue slate grey
10 kop. light bluo(439a) (1927) 320-50 kop. brown (446)
314-14 kop. gray bluo (440) light brown
315-15 kop. lemon yellow (441) 321- 1 rub. dark red & dark brown (447)
yellow light red & light brown
316-18 kop. dark violet (.442) 323- 2 rub. carmino & groon (448)
.grey violet 324- 3 rub.;dark brown & groon, Type II,
317-20 kop. dark green (443) prf. 132 (449)
/ green 324a-3 rub. light brown & groon, Typos I
grey groan and II, porf. 122 (449a)
318-30 kop. bright violet (444) 325 -5 rub. dark blue & brown, perf. 13-,
lilac (450)
pale lilac
blue violet
TYPOGRAPHED,, PERFORATED 14kx1/-, WATERMARKED

8 kop., 1 aDd 2 rubles on watermarked paper were issued with old
perforation of 14-xl42-, the 8 kop. only recently discovered by the Soviets
has never boon seen here. The 1 ruble is very rare mint.

8 kop. olive (RRR) 323a-2 rub. carmino & green (448a)
321a- 1 rt, red/brown (RRR Mint, 8 kop. is listed hero tentatively.
"R used) (447a)
S TYPOGRAPHED. IMPERFORATE, WATER.MARKED

As was the case with the unwatermarked set, the above were also issued
imperforate and sold at a premium over face. The quantity of stamps printed
as given -by Romeko Catalogue is almost certainly wrong. While the printing
was comparatively small, the stamps do not deserve to be called rare. What
has boon said about margins, falsifications, and usage of the imporforate,
unwatermarkod additional values applies also to this sot. It was issued in
1926 and did not contain the 18 kop, value at that time, possibly, as H. L.
Aronson guesses, because the 18 kop, perforated was issued a little later.
The 18 kop. imporforate does exist, however, and is listed in the latest
Soviet Catalogue as very rare, both mint and cancelled. The paper of this
issue is again very white. No color shades of this issue are known, and it
is the most uniform set of the small head issues.
1 kop, orange (430a) 15 kop. lemon yellow (441a)
2 kop. green (431a) 18 kop shade of violet (issued later) (RRR)
3 kop, rod brown (432a) 20 kop. green (443a)
4 kop, rod rose (433a) 30 kop. dark violet (444a)
5 kop. lilac (434a) 40 kop. slate gey (445a)
6 kop. blue (435a) 50 kop. brown (446a)
7 kop. brown (436a) .1 rub. rod & brown (447a)
8 kop. olive (437a) 2 rub, carmine & green (448a)
9 kop. red orange (438a) 3 rub. dark brown & groon, Type I, (449b)
10 kop. dark blue (439a) 5 rub, dark blue & brown (450a)
14 kop. grey blue (440a)
22 #49/50

Su AITW J FOSTMWlKS OF IMPERIAL RUSSIA
W, Er C. Kothro & John Barry
-----Prigara lists 84 routes; there are a few others but all are
very scarce.

H3-----Prigara mentions four postmarks of the above type carryingg
three place names each.

BIELOVEZH GAINOVKA BIELSK (all Grodno Govt.)
ZDOLBUNOVO OZERIANI MIZOCH (all Volhynia Govt.)
KREIENETS KAMENITSA DUBNO (all Volhynia Govt.)
RION KUTAIS 3KBIBULI (all Kutais Govt.)

SH4 --We also found an oval with town at the top and the name of the
S railway at the bottom:-

TOP BOTTOM CENTER
NIZHNE NOVGOROD MOSK. NIZHNE. ZH. D. 1905
MINS LIBAVO-ROMENSK ZH. D. 1913

Whilst noting both the above are capital towns of their
Governments, we cannot say if this has any significance.

H5---*Another oval did not fit in with the scheme of things. It was
of similar size to the others but read-

KREMENETS (star) 1 (star) DUBNO

with a star at the bottom; date 5, 4. 11. It left Kremenets on
SApril 5th. and arrived at Yekaterinoslav April 7th, Presumably
"1it? is the number of the mailcoach as in the case of the Lodz-
Koliuhki discussed earlier,

DOUBLE CIRCLE TYPE

There is a double circle type which is mysterious as it doe not fit
in with the ovals with route numbers, In the latter, 126 is Pernov-Pskov.
We have Ilinskii Pogost 126 Orekhovo. One would therefore expect an
Orekhovo 125 Ilinskii Pogost, but the only (part) 125 we have reads
t ezuevo 125 a but there is no trace of a station with that
ending on the route,

R ROUTE NUMBERS

"The list given with this article applies to the oval cancellations.
The number of ovals examined covered quite a range and, with the exception
of the minor variations already mentioned, they conform to the list.
Investigation was necessary to see how far the list applied to the pre-ovals.
To do so in detail would require a vast, varied selection of material that
would be impossible for one collector to accumulate, but with the material
at our disposal we have at least been able to shed some light on the matter.

#49/50 23

ROUTE 31 -32

The first obvious difference was observed on route 31 -32 (KRALIATORSKAIA.
POPASNAIA). Covers from places in Poland to Lodz had the unlikely habit of
going via the Ukraine, arriving the same day as dispatched! Analysis showed
clearly that 31-32 applied at one period to LODZKOLIUSHKI (Lodz-Fabrich:
Railway). We have already stated that this route had its own postmark in
1903 so it is possible 31 -.32 was switched to another route.

In 1913, No. 31 was KRAMATCRSKAIA-POPASNAIA; we have inspected a clear
copy.
A-cover from NATALIEVKA, 1886, which is on Kramatorskaia-Popasnaia line,
to St. Petersburg carries a 73 (KHARKOV-VOROZHBA).

ROUTE. 8

7 8 (oval) (OREL DVINSK) appeared on a cover from Odessa to
Marseille (1870). The usual route was Odessa, Zhmerinka and Volochisk.
To go via Orel Dvinsk was unlikely therefore we have a doubt about 7 8.

ROUTE 9 -10

S9 10 (DVINSK RADZIVIIISHKI). This was found on covers:-

Dvinsk Riga 1874/
S.P.B. Rga Mitau 1875
Riga Leipzig 1876
S ovno Polotak .
It is likely that 9 10 applied to Riga Dvinsk pr possibly
Riga-Orel.

ROUTE 57 = 58

57 58 (oval) (CHUDOVO STARAIA RUSSA). We have a clear oval showing
this to be correct but "57 58" appears clearly on the cover from Minsk to
Berlin in 1874. This route number therefore had a different significance in
pre-oval days.
LIST OF OVAIS

We have found the following agree with-the oval list ranging from 1868-
1892. The missing numbers in the list given below are mostly due to lack of
evidence.

1-2 11-12 21-22 .41-42 51-52 61-62 71-72
3-4 13-14 23-24 43-44 53-54 63-64 73-74
5-6 15-16 25-26 55-56
17-18 27-28 37-3847-48 77-78
19-20 29-30 39-40 59-60 69-70

24 #49/50

MISCELLANE OUS

It is very difficult to discover under what system the route number
were applied. Some covers travelling over several routes bear only one,
others bear four or five. .
...............................- i-,: ..........
Selecting a few examples:- K

S 879' BUGURUSLAI' RAVA (Poland) carried first a 61, followed by 41,
then 30 and finally 27 (Warsaw Aleksandrovo); on this latter route it
...was dropped off at Skernevitsi fordelivery to Rava, 25 versts from the
"station.

*. 1880 HAPSAL FIRIATIN, travelled via'S.t.'P.B'. thence to IMoscow where
S it received the "i'oscow Yuzhn. Zh. D." postmark. It then travelled to
NIEZHIN on the Moscsw-Kiev route. Niezhin is bne station beyond the junction
(Kruti) for Piriatin. .... ." -

1891 KASIN (Tver) GOLOVAaEVSK (Podolia) went by the Kharkov-Odessa
route to Golta. Golta is just beyond the junction (Podgorodnaia) gor
Golovanevsk. . ... .' *

Judging by these last two covers, the mail was not necessarily trans-
ferred at a junction, but at some place deemed more suitable, where it was
left in the hands of the town authority for forwarding by the next route.

The study of these postmarks which had interchangeable route numbers
and stops presented some hazards! At times the date was where the stop
should have been or vice versa. RUute numbers were not always changed,
sometimes they were put in upside down. The stop numbers were inverted,
sideways, to the left of the date, right of the date, etc.

CLOSING NOTES

From our experience, we can say that the route numbers most frequently
S .encountered from 1879 onwards are those used in Russia in Europe. Nos. 3,
4, 25, 27 and 40 appear to be the commonest with 27 leading (Warsaw -
...Aleksandrovo), this being the main artery to the West. There are, of
"course, European route numbers which are seldom seen, whilst those of Siberia,
the Far North and Central Asia are definitely uncommon.

Imperial stamps, mostly the late imperforate issues, are found cancelled
with ovals bearing the new Soviet route numbers. Changes of frontier,
,construction of new railways, etc* caused a revision of the list; son's of
the original members were retained, others switched to new routes, etc.

Undoubtedly this study needs a considerable-amount of material much
more than one man is likely to accumulate. It is hoped readers will eond in
any information they have to add to the subject. Just as this article was
going to press, ir. Gordon Torrey (Michigan) sent for inspection a very
distinct "VAIK 271 ALT-SCHWAIENBURG" dated 1917. This route is listed as
Valk-Stokmanshof. These odd items of information will all help to complete
the intricate but exceedingly interesting story of the Railway Postmarks.
S #49/5o 25

APFENDIX 1 Dates of opening of Russian Railways ..

Tho following list of Russian Railway lines with year datos of their
opening, in chronological order, was originally printed in "Lists of Routes
in Russia & Abroad (RR lines, ship lines, stage-coaches, post, tolograph,
watering places)" in St. Petersburg in.May, 1870.

It was reprinted by Prigara in his handbook in Russian, in two parts.

Part 1. List off RR opened for service in 1870,
Part 2. List of RR in process of construction, and the proposed dates
of their opening.

It was again reprinted, but in English, in #4 Issue of B.J.R.P.

The original and Prigara listings differ from the one given below,
in that's
(a)-They give exact date of opening (year, month & day).
(b)-Th6 length of each route.
(c)-For Kolushki-Lodz, the Russian versions give Fabrichno-Lodz. The
discrepancy is probably because Kolushki a factory (Fabrika) town
may have been called Fabrichno, a word derived from Fabrika.
(d)-You will also note that this and all of the other listings give
for 1870c, f, g, and 1871c the name of the RR line, and do not give
tormini of each line.

! 1838--St.. Petorsburg-Pavlovsk (Tsarskoselskia) ....
1848--Warsaw-Vienna
1851--St. Petersburg-Moscow (Nikolaevskaia)
1857--St. Potersburg-Oranienbaum (1864) (Peterhofskaia)
1861--Riga-Dvinsk

1862--(a) -Volga-Don (d)-Warsaw-Bromborg
(b)-Moscow-Nizhnogorod (e)-St. Petersburg-Warsaw (with branches
(c)-Moscow-Yaroslavl (to to Prussian border)
Sorgeev Posad) (f)-Helsingfors-Tavastehus
1864--Moscow-Riazan

"1866--(a) olushki-Lodz (c)-Warsaw-Terospol
(b) Riazan-Kozlov (d)-Dvinsk-Vitebsk

1867--(a)Odossa-Balta (with branches to Tiraspol, Porte, & Kyalnitski
Estuary). (b) -Riga-Morshansk
1868--(a)-Kozlov-Voronozh (f)-Balta-Yelizavetgrad
(b)-Grushevsk-Rostov on Don(g)-Riga-Mitava
(c)-Orol-Griazi (from Yoletsh)-Orlov-Vitobsk
to Griazi) (i)-Kursk-Kiev (to station Bovari)
(d)-Shuya-Ivanovsk (Ist.
Section)
(e) Moscow ursk

26 #49/50

A8j2--(a) Kursk Kharkov) (d)-Kozlov-Tambov
(b)-Kiev-Balta (with branches) (e)-Kremonchug-Yolizavetgrad
"* (c)-Griazi-Tsaritsin (from (f)-Kharkov-Azov
S Griazi to Borixogliebsk): .

1870---(a)-Orel-Griazi (Orol-Yelots) (e)-Rybinsk-Bologoe
b)-Moscow-Yaroslavl (f)-Novotorzhskaia --
c)-Finlandskaia (g)-Baltic
d)-Tiraspol4Kishenev ..

.- , , ,

List of Railroads being built
1870--(a)-Tambov-Saratov (c)-Griazi-Tsaritsin (from Borisogliobsk
(b)-Moscow-Smolensk to Tsaritsin)
(d)-Shuya-Ivanovsk (2nd. Section)

l71--(a) -Kharkov-Kremonchug (c)-Skoponskaia
(b)-Poti-Tiflis (d)-Terospol to Brest-Litovsk

1871-72--Vor onezh-Gruzhovsk 1872-73--Kovno-Libau

1872-Brest-Litovsk to Graevo g -Breet-Litovsk to Smolensk

S -*- List of the Railroads being built at the time of the publication of
the handbook.
ooooooooooooooooooo
S Additicna.. Information and Cortacnts.

Under 1868d-Baodoa:or Eivcs Ivancvo-Vbznos-ns-k instead of Ivanovsk.
1870c, f, g andi l71c are the hrzSes cf th-e :- .'ins, c.s Tsarslo-
slelsaia for St. Petors'urg-Pavlovsk line, stc. I'ether ends of the
iK lines cas given for the 4, lines.
:;.-' Other appendices wi1ll follow. .
oococooocoo

ALE XANDER B I SK
280 Riverside Drive.
New York 25, N.Y. .
EUROPEAN COUNTRIES, ETC.

Want lists for collectors and dealers filled by return mail. Better
grade approval books by country also available. Many rarities and
oddities for specialists,

RUSSIA. UKRAINA. BENELUX,. BAIKANS._ CENTRAL WESTERN & EASTERN
-EUROPE, SCANDINAVIA, ETC.

Other Continents at hand, although weaker.

#9/50 27

NEW YORK SECTION
N. Y. Section of Rossica mat on September 30th. at 2:30 pm. (Sunday),
in the home of "Free Russia", 349 W. 86th. St., N.Y.C. Regular meetings
will be hold every last Sunday of each month at 2:30 pm.
Victor Corny

Exorpts from PALL MALL GAZETTE-134 (July 20, 1956).

"H.C.Goss" collection for sale, price 123,500, Includes many of the
finest rarities from Forrari, Fabergo and Rothschild collections. 700
pro-adhosives include about 100 covers from Poland. Early postal stationery
includes all of the great rarities, proofs and essays. Over a 100 different
of #1, including many strips, pairs, and covers, Also the largest colloctior
of essays & proofs of 1913 Romanov issue. Wenden, Russian Levant and Russian
Offices in China are included. The following single rarities are included:

INVERTED CENTERS:-Scott 23b, 29a, 36b, 51a, 62b, 64a, 65a,. 0a (mint), 69a,
and 1909 7r. mint.
INVERTED BACKGROUNDS:-19d (mint), 19e, 26b, 31 & 34 (unlisted in Scott),
35b (pair'on pioco), 50b, and 59a (in a mint block of 25). Some of those
varieties were listed and written up in Rossica #48.
IMPERFORA-TE:-23c, 27a & 28b (on cover).
CENTERS OMITTED:-61b (mint pair, one normal), and 1 r. (mint)

CHINA SECTION BULLETIN OF CITY OF LONDON PHILATELIC SOCIETY, SPECIAL ISSUE
ON MONGOLIA. Juno 1956, No. 65, (Vol.4, #1).

Describes Fipex and our Rossica winners: Richard W. Canman of Illinois
for his best of Section 5, Asia, Africa and Oceania-(Forwarding Agents of
China), and Silver Gilt Medal to our member C. W. Dougan of California for
Tibet Postal History.

It includes articlos:-The Chinese Postal Service in Mongolia in 1909-21
by Mr. G. S. Russell, "Mongolia 1924-27" by A. Cronin and a "Preliminary .
Note on Mongolian Cancellations, 1924-560 by James Negus. All are illustrate

I am continuing my sale of my collection and duplicates of the stamps of

Europe. You can obtain, at reasonable prices sets and singles of Russia,

USSR, Austria, Germany, French Occupation Zone, Saar, France, Triesto A, &

B and other countries. Also the Varms" of provinces of Venezuela.

Stamps are in superb condition, Many errors, varieties. Send your

want lists.

VICTOR CERNY--841 WEST 177th. ST. NEW YORK 33, N. Y.
28 #49/50
28 #49/50

NEW YORK SECTION
N. Y. Section of Rossica mat on September 30th. at 2:30 pm. (Sunday),
in the home of "Free Russia", 349 W. 86th. St., N.Y.C. Regular meetings
will be hold every last Sunday of each month at 2:30 pm.
Victor Corny

Exorpts from PALL MALL GAZETTE-134 (July 20, 1956).

"H.C.Goss" collection for sale, price 123,500, Includes many of the
finest rarities from Forrari, Fabergo and Rothschild collections. 700
pro-adhosives include about 100 covers from Poland. Early postal stationery
includes all of the great rarities, proofs and essays. Over a 100 different
of #1, including many strips, pairs, and covers, Also the largest colloctior
of essays & proofs of 1913 Romanov issue. Wenden, Russian Levant and Russian
Offices in China are included. The following single rarities are included:

INVERTED CENTERS:-Scott 23b, 29a, 36b, 51a, 62b, 64a, 65a,. 0a (mint), 69a,
and 1909 7r. mint.
INVERTED BACKGROUNDS:-19d (mint), 19e, 26b, 31 & 34 (unlisted in Scott),
35b (pair'on pioco), 50b, and 59a (in a mint block of 25). Some of those
varieties were listed and written up in Rossica #48.
IMPERFORA-TE:-23c, 27a & 28b (on cover).
CENTERS OMITTED:-61b (mint pair, one normal), and 1 r. (mint)

CHINA SECTION BULLETIN OF CITY OF LONDON PHILATELIC SOCIETY, SPECIAL ISSUE
ON MONGOLIA. Juno 1956, No. 65, (Vol.4, #1).

Describes Fipex and our Rossica winners: Richard W. Canman of Illinois
for his best of Section 5, Asia, Africa and Oceania-(Forwarding Agents of
China), and Silver Gilt Medal to our member C. W. Dougan of California for
Tibet Postal History.

It includes articlos:-The Chinese Postal Service in Mongolia in 1909-21
by Mr. G. S. Russell, "Mongolia 1924-27" by A. Cronin and a "Preliminary .
Note on Mongolian Cancellations, 1924-560 by James Negus. All are illustrate

I am continuing my sale of my collection and duplicates of the stamps of

Europe. You can obtain, at reasonable prices sets and singles of Russia,

USSR, Austria, Germany, French Occupation Zone, Saar, France, Triesto A, &

B and other countries. Also the Varms" of provinces of Venezuela.

Stamps are in superb condition, Many errors, varieties. Send your

want lists.

VICTOR CERNY--841 WEST 177th. ST. NEW YORK 33, N. Y.
28 #49/50
28 #49/50

NEW YORK SECTION
N. Y. Section of Rossica mat on September 30th. at 2:30 pm. (Sunday),
in the home of "Free Russia", 349 W. 86th. St., N.Y.C. Regular meetings
will be hold every last Sunday of each month at 2:30 pm.
Victor Corny

Exorpts from PALL MALL GAZETTE-134 (July 20, 1956).

"H.C.Goss" collection for sale, price 123,500, Includes many of the
finest rarities from Forrari, Fabergo and Rothschild collections. 700
pro-adhosives include about 100 covers from Poland. Early postal stationery
includes all of the great rarities, proofs and essays. Over a 100 different
of #1, including many strips, pairs, and covers, Also the largest colloctior
of essays & proofs of 1913 Romanov issue. Wenden, Russian Levant and Russian
Offices in China are included. The following single rarities are included:

INVERTED CENTERS:-Scott 23b, 29a, 36b, 51a, 62b, 64a, 65a,. 0a (mint), 69a,
and 1909 7r. mint.
INVERTED BACKGROUNDS:-19d (mint), 19e, 26b, 31 & 34 (unlisted in Scott),
35b (pair'on pioco), 50b, and 59a (in a mint block of 25). Some of those
varieties were listed and written up in Rossica #48.
IMPERFORA-TE:-23c, 27a & 28b (on cover).
CENTERS OMITTED:-61b (mint pair, one normal), and 1 r. (mint)

CHINA SECTION BULLETIN OF CITY OF LONDON PHILATELIC SOCIETY, SPECIAL ISSUE
ON MONGOLIA. Juno 1956, No. 65, (Vol.4, #1).

Describes Fipex and our Rossica winners: Richard W. Canman of Illinois
for his best of Section 5, Asia, Africa and Oceania-(Forwarding Agents of
China), and Silver Gilt Medal to our member C. W. Dougan of California for
Tibet Postal History.

It includes articlos:-The Chinese Postal Service in Mongolia in 1909-21
by Mr. G. S. Russell, "Mongolia 1924-27" by A. Cronin and a "Preliminary .
Note on Mongolian Cancellations, 1924-560 by James Negus. All are illustrate

I am continuing my sale of my collection and duplicates of the stamps of

Europe. You can obtain, at reasonable prices sets and singles of Russia,

USSR, Austria, Germany, French Occupation Zone, Saar, France, Triesto A, &

B and other countries. Also the Varms" of provinces of Venezuela.

Stamps are in superb condition, Many errors, varieties. Send your

want lists.

VICTOR CERNY--841 WEST 177th. ST. NEW YORK 33, N. Y.
28 #49/50
28 #49/50

RUSSIAN POST IN THE FAR EAST
(A short history of the former Post Offices in China & Manchuria).
by A. I. Masloff

These historical notes are written with an idea that other members of
Rossica interested in the Far East will add their own knowledge on this
subject and in that way will help us to get a more complete historical as
well as philatelic history of this interesting region.

The author has not lost hope in finding historical documents & data,
and also will write more detailed monograms on various themes touched upon
in these notes. These notes are divided into two parts:-

1-Chinese Eastern Railway.
a-Before Boxer Rebellion in 1900.
b-After Boxer Rebellion & until Russo-Japanese War in 1904-05.
c-After the termination of Russo-Japanese War & until the
beginning of World War I.
2-During World War I and until Russian Revolution, 1914-1923.

RUSSIAN POST OFFICES IN MANCHURIA

In Rossica Journal #45 & B.J. of R.P. #17, both published in 1955,
Messrs. Stephen & Seichter in their article Russian P. 0. in Manchuria &
Russian P. 0. Abroad covered well this very interesting subject and gave
detailed lists of all Russian P. 0. in Manchuria, China & Abroad.

SThe theme of this subject is so vast and covers an interval of almost
Half a century. Sources of information, both in general and philatelic
literature are very limited or hard to obtain, and four wars on the heels of
S each other, greatly changed the originally proposed postal functions of the
Russian Post Offices in Manchuria, as well as abroad,

Having spent, a great deal of my life in the Far East, & witnessing
great deal of changes I wish to add a few of my observations on this subject,
which I am sure is still taking a great deal of thought of various individuals
wishing to increase historical and philatelic knowledge of this vast territory.

SHORT HISTORICAL REFERENCE. INTRODUCTION.
On August 27, 1896 Russian and Chinese Imperial Governments terminated
negotiations for Russo-Chinose Bank to build and exploit Manchurian RR, and
eventually to obtain a long term lease of Kwantung peninsula. Further
negotiations resulted in giving the Bank the right to build the city of
DALNY and the Fortress of Port Arthur on the bank of Pachili Dulf in Talien-
van Bay so that a Southern Branch of the RR. could be built from these two
points to Harbin, which according to the above negotiations was crossed by
the main RR line starting at Station Manchuria, Transbaikal Oblast and which
was the end of the Transbaikal Rail Road, the latter's route traversing all
of Manchuria to Station Pogranichnaya in Manchuria.

On June 29, 1899 for concocting Ussuri Region with Vladivostock, the
Chinese Eastern was given the rights to build shipping in the Pacific Ocean,
to ply between Vladivostock, Port Arthur and Shanghai, as an addition to
regular routes travelled by vessels of Russian Volonteer Floot between Odessa
S & Vladivostock, with a regular stop in Shanghai and with occasional stops at
Hankow and Port Arthur,
#49/50 29

Leaving the details of various functions of tho Russo-Chinese Bank and
the work of the Russian Government in exploiting the rail road and the sea
routes, the Russo-Chinose trade and exploitation of Manchuria, at that time
sparcoly populated, I wish to point out that all of the rail road lines,
beginning to be constructed in Manchuria were official known as "Chinese
Eastern Rail Road", and were under the jurisdiction of the ministry of
Finance of the Russian Empire.

In that way, at the end of the last century, in numerous points and at
the same time begun an intense effort to construct railroads and at the same
time opening of POST OFFICES in Port Arthur, Dalny, Kharbin, at the termi-
nating stations of the main line, and at the newly constructed rail road
stations when completed and when the traffic begun.

ORGANIZATION OF POSTAL COMMUNICATIONS IN THE FAR EAST, generally in MANCHURIA.

As we know, all of the Postal Telegraph business in Russia was under the
Ministry of Internal affairs. Forgetting at this time the establishment of
Postal Offices in China, prior to building of Chinese Eastern and the agree-
ments made with the Ministry of the Internal Affairs, which requires a separate
description' I wish to state that all postal organizations and their business
transactions in Manchuria were according to strict regulations of the Russian
Empire.

In other words the receipt, sending, etc., of all postal communications
was prepaid by same stamps, and at the rates established for the internal
correspondence by the Postal Telegraph Administration of the Ministry of the
Internal Affairs, and the Rail Road Administration of the Ministry of the
Internal Affairs let know its needs and left the rest tothe Postal Telegraph
S Administration.

During the construction of the rail road, the administration of the
postal affairs was given to Khabarovsk Postal Telegraph Office, including
the supplying of stamps to various offices, except to Post Offices in Port
Arthur and Dalny, during the early period, which were sent directly from
St. Petersburg, and also to Post Office at the Station Manchuria, which was
under the jurisdiction of Irkutsk Postal Telegraph Office.

The main office for the organization of the postal operations at the
railroad stations was located at Port Arthur, with branches in the Eastern
and Western sections of Kharbin where new stations were under construction.
At the same point was located the Main Office of the Chinese Eastern Railroad,
while the administrative office, until World War I, was located in St.
Petersburg.

Due to the fact that the administrative offices of both departments were
located in St. Petersburg, the postal functions on the Chinese Eastern Railroad
were developed rapidly.

FIRST PERIOD OF RR COMMUNICATIONS and POSTAL COMMUNICATIONS.

In the Southern section (Port Arthur-Kharbin), until 1900, the construct-
ion of the railroad lines was completed, and the traffic commenced between
the above points, and further to the West, from Kharbin to Station Manchuria.

S 30 #49/50

The Western section was completed before the Southern. At the same time
the carrying of Posts was commenced from Port Arthur, via Kharbin, to
Siborian border of Manchuria, and thence to various points in the Empire.

Postal cars wore attached to regular trains at Port Arthur and Kharbin
and moved separately from Kharbin to Station Manchuria. The travelling was
slightly slowed down because all of the large bridges across the rivers
Sungari and Nonni, etc. as well as Khingan Tunnel (on the Western Line) were
not complatoly finished. Construction of Western section, Kharbin-Station
"Pogranichnaya, was completed considerably later due to the fact that this
region was mountainous, although the construction of the railroad section
of Ussuri RR. from Nikolsk Ussuriisk to Station Pogranichnaya was completed
sooner. Likewise before 1900 postal cars were attached to regular trains
from Station Manchuria, through Kharbin, Station Pogranichnaya to Nikolsk-
Ussuriisk.

This was the beginning of Historical Epoch of carrying of various types
of postal communications from the Far East to countries of Europe consider-
ably faster than existing before sea communications from Far East to the
East, including all of the Far East to Singapore; only in this city, the
mail, depending on passing vessels, was addressed UVia Suez"; while from
all other points mail begun to be addressed uVia Siberia". The Epoch of
"Via Siberia'1 was in full swing until the beginning of the World War I,
although the increased speed of the newly constructed vessels still depended
J on the Express trains crossing Siberia, which was soon organized on all of
the line to Moscow and St. Petersburg.

THE EFFECTS OF THE BOXER REBELLION ON DEVELOPMENT OF RR TRANSPORTATION.-

.In summer of 1900 the Boxer Rebellion in China completely paralyzed
train movement of the Chinese Eastern Railroad, and completely destroyed
in many places not only the stations b-t the rails, and also the rail road
bods. From 1300 versts completely fin-3hod only approximately 400 versts
remained, and some of those wore at distant points.

WHAT PURELY PHILATELIC INTEREST THIS FIRST JRIOD OF RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION
INTERESTS PHILATELISTS.

Without documents in a short space it is impossible to arrive at the
conclusion. Also the study of the documents of Russian Post Offices in
Manchuria will lead us to study Russian Offices in China, the routes of
Russian Mail vessels between Port Arthur & Vladivostock, Shanghai, etc. We
can not exclude a study of postal communications on Russian-Chineso-Korean
border (Khun Chun), as well as Russian-Mongolian-Chinese postal communications
(Mai Mai Chin, Kiakhta, etc.)

Therefore it is necessary to completely describe separately 8 postal
offices in Manchuria and finally those in China, both from historical as
well as philatelic point of view.

-to be continued-
S ^#49/50 31

RUSSIAN ERRINOPHILII
by E.MRRCOVITCH

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RUSSIAN ERRINOPHILIA
by E. Marcovitch

S. VIGNETTES ISSUED IN RUSSIA

1-The sizes of frames are given in mm.
2-All Russian text appearing on etiquettes is translated into English.
"Other than Russian inscriptions are given in full, and translated where
possible into English. Most of the vignettes are illustrated, others, a
few in number, of similar type are described. Since most of the eti-
quettes have no indicated value, this heading is omitted, except in cases
where the value is indicated. Unless otherwise stated all are perforated
(gauge not indicated). ------------
I -EXHIBITION OR EXPOSITION VIGNETTES.

St. Petersburg (Figs. Ito 5)

(1) 1882 Management of All Russian Industrial Art Exposition.
Size-31mm. square. Design-double headed eagle.- (Fig. 1).
a-black & yellow.

(2) 1912 I. R. T. 0. Exposition International de Materiel et
dtInstallations Scolaires. St. Petersburg. (International
.School Manufacturing Exposition arrangement and outfitting of
School). Siz-54x42mm. (Fig. 2)
a-multi-color'ed.

(3) -1912 Photographic Exhibition, April 12 to May 4, 1912. St.
SPetersburg, Morskaia No. 38. Inscriotion-(bottom right corner)-
"Committee for arrangement, St. Petersburg, Kazanskaia No, 511.
Size-26x37.5mm. (Fig. 3).
a-black, gray brown, blue and red..

(4) -1913. Ist. International Art-Manufacturing Exposition-Fashion
World. Fobruary-March, 1913. Inscription-(bottom)- ISB. No. 42
Kamennoostrovski." Sizo-55x37.5mm. (Fig. 4).
a-black, green and orange.
SImperial
(5) 1913. 1613-1913. All Russian Jubilee Exposition of Fruit Raising
in St. Petersburg. Organized under patronage of His-Highness the
Emperor. Inscription-(bottom) J-Russian Imperial Society of Fruit
Growers. 1913" Size-29.5x39.5mm. (Fig. 5).
a-black, and yellow orange.

Moscow (Fig. 6)

1912. Refrigiration Section of the Sheep breeding Exposition in
"Moscow from 20th. to 25th. of Sept. 1912. Inscription-(bottom)-
"*Smolenski Boulovard, Agricultural School Building." Size-31.5x
43mm. (Fig. 6)
a-dark green.

34 #49/50

Ria (Figs. 7 to 10)

(1) 1079, Comite der 3 T. Baltischen Landwirtschaftlichen Contralausstel-
lung zu Riga 1879. (Central Conmittoe for Baltic Agricultural Expo-
sition in Riga in 1879). Oldest Russian vignette. Size-28mm. dia.
(round) with scalloped perforations. Embossed. (Fig. 7).
a-brick rod..

(2) 1901. Jubilaums Ausstellung Riga 1901. (Jubilee Exposition Riga 1901).
Inscripition-(below framo)-Silberne Modaille (silver medal). Picturing
S two silver medals. Sizo-23.5x36mm. (Fig. 8).
"a-dark blue, pale blue and gold.

'Same as (a), except the medals are gold and the inscription reads,-
Goldene Medaillo (gold medal). (Fig. 8).
b-dark blue, pale blue and gold. ,-
Jubilee Exposition Riga. 1901. Size-20.5x30mm. (Fig. 8)
c-black, dark blue, rod and yellow.
SSame as (c), except the inscription is in Latvian and reads "Jubilejas
Isstahde 1901" Jubileo Exposition 1901). (Fig. 8).
e-black, dark blue, red and yellow.

(3) 1912 Riga 1912. Ausoilung. Modern Plastik. 15 30 November.
(Riga 1912. Modern Plastic Exposition. November 15 to 30). Both
vignettes (a) and (b) are printed in the same shoot teto-beche.
Sijz-59.5x45mm. (Fig. 9).
a-green and yellow.
b-red and green. .

S (4)" 1914 Second Russian Olympiad in City of Riga. July 6- 20, 1914.
Inscription-(bottom left corner, below the frame)-V. F. Gekker, Riga-
name of either designer or the printer. Size-31x48mm. (Fig. 10)
a-black on orange background.
---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------

Kiev (Figs. 11 to 14). Either in'French, German or Russian.

1913. Manufacturing, Scientific, Handicraft and Agricultural Exposition
in Kiev, 1913. Anumbor of series of various designs exists, in several
"colors, as well as bi-colorod. My collection, which is described
below contains 23 varieties. Complete collection consists of over 40
varieties. Size-29x4Omm, Porforated-ll..0.
(1) -Ist. Series-Inscription in Russian. Picture of an angelin rectangular
frame. (Fig. 11).
a-violet brown d-black, yellow background. g-green, yellow
b-ultramarine o-black, blue background. background.
c-yollow, rose f-brown, orange rod background.

(2) -2nd. Serious. Inscrintion-Exposition in Kiov-(at top)-1913. Picture
of an angel, in a rovnd frame. (not illustrated).
a-black c-black, greon, a-violet brown.
Sb-yellow d-light blue.
#49/50 35

(3)-3rd. Series. Inscription-Exposition in Kiev, 1913. Branch-Horse Breeding.
in center-horses, (not illustrated).
a-violot brown, b-violet blue,

(4)-lwth Series, Inscription-Exposition- in Kiev, 1913. Branch-sports. In
center-sulky racing, automobile and bi-plane. (not illustrated).
a-ultramarine.

(5)-5th. Series. Inscription-Exposition a Kiew 1913 (French) (Exposition
in Kiov, 1913). Allogoric representation of Russia by a woman sitting on
a throne, besides an angel, also peasants bringing presents. (Fig. 12).
a-framo-gray violet, center-black, b-frame-yollow, center-black.

(6)-6th. Series. Design as in 5th. series. Inscription-"Austellung in Kiew,
1913." (German).
a-light gray, center violet, c-frame-orange, center-dark blue,
b-framo-gray violet, center green.

(7)-7th. Series. Contor-Three Russian women. Inscription as in Series 6.
(Fig. 13)
a-frame-light gray, denter-violet. c-frame-olive-yellow, center-rose.
b-frame-blue,. center-ultramarine.
S Odessa Russian Inscriptions. (Fig. 14, etc.)
.Industrial Art Exposition, Odessa. Perforated-ll.

(1)-1910 1st. Sorios. Inscription-Industrial Art Exposition, Odessa 1910,
May-October. Picturing two workers with hammer and Anvil. Size-28x46mm.
Fig. 14).
a-black, yellow, rose and green, b-black, yellow) rose and.rod.

(2)-2nd. Series. Inscription-1910, May 15 October 1, Exposition in Odessa.
,Picturing-allegorical sitting woman. Sizo-46x28mm.
Sa-black and green. -'
Ekatorinoslav-Inscription in Russian, French or German. Regional Exposition
S 1910. (Fig. 15, etc.).

S(1)-Inscription-Ekatorinoslav 1910, July 1 September 25. Regional Expo-
sition. Picturing-Factory smoke stacks, agricultural implements and
.... peasant woman. Perforated ll and Imperforate, Size- 48.5x24.5mm.
(Fig. 15).
a-rod. b-groon "

(2)-Same as (1), Inscription-"Ekatorinoslaw 1910 1.VII 25.IX. Exposition
regional du midi do la Russio". (French).
a- rod b-groon.

(3)Same as (1), Inscription-"Ekatorinoslawl910 1.VII 25. IX. Sudrussischq
Austollung." (German).
a- red b-green

36 #49/50

Niini-Novgorod. Inscrptions dn Russian & French. (Fig. 16).

(1)-1896. Inscription-All Russian Industrial Art Exposition in Nijni-Novgorod
1896. Pavilion of tho Czar.-"Exposition Nationalo a Nijni-Novgorod, 1996.
(French)". Picturing pavilion of the Czar & coat of arms of Nijni-Nov-
gorod. Perforated 11 and imperforated. Sizo-44x37mm. (Fig. 16).
Sa-violet brown

Omsk. Inscription in Russian. (Fig. 17).

(1)-1911. Inscription-Juno 15, 1911. Ist. Western-Siberian Exposition.
Picturing a bridge over a river. Perforatod-rough, and Imporforated,
Siz.o41x32.5rm. (Fig. 17).
a-black, yellow, red and groen.;: .

Astrakhan. Imscription in Russian. (Figure 18).

(1)-1912. Inscription (at top)-"Astrakhan Society of Horticulture, Truck
Farming and Husbandry". (in center)-From 8 to 29 Sept. 1912 will be
hold in city of Astrakhan 2nd. Gubernia exposition of Horticulture, truck
farming and husbandry and also a convention of Horticulturists, truck
farmers, and husbandrymon of Astrakhan Gubernia." (below) "Information
from the Society." (bottom, below design)-"Lithography of Shelgorn & Co.,
Saratov." Imporforated. Size-75x56mm. (Figure 18).
a-red, blue and bronze.

Rostov on Don-Inscription in Russian. (Figure 19).

(1)-1914. Inscription-(at top)-"Imperial. Don.-Kub. Tor. Society of Agricultur
(left) -Rostov ."-(right)-"on Don."-(bottom)-*Agricultutal and Industrial
Exposition. 5 21 September, 1914." Portraying-silhouettos of worker
with a hammer and a farmer with scythe. At top-double headed eagle.
S Size-39.5x64mm. (Figure 19).
a-black & rose.

Khabarovsk-Inscription in Russian. (Figures 20 and 21)

(1)-1913. Inscription "Exposition of Priamur Region. Year 19i3." (top),
Khabarovsk (bottom). In center bi-colored coat of arms of Khabarovsk.
Size-39x55mm. (Figure 20)

(2)-Inscription same as in (1), except in addition at the left-uCommemorating",
(right)-"300th. anniversary" and at (bottom)-uof House of Romanovs".
Sizo-38x47.5mm. (Figure 21).
a-multicolored.
------------------------------------ ---------------------

JUBILEE VIGNETTES (Figure 22)

(1)-1914. Issued in honor of unveiling of Monument to Alexander I.
Inscription-"1812-1912 In honor of unveiling of Monument to Emperor
Alexander I. 16 V 1914." Design-Head of Alexandor I, in a circle.
Scalloped perforations, and imperforate. Sizo-23x31mm. (Figure 22).
a-Imp., black brown, center green. d-Porco, black, center gray.
b-Imp., black brown, center blue. o-Shoot of 4, porf. black with centers,
c-Porf., rod brown, center gray. in 4 difforont colors.
f-Samo as (o), except imporforato and in green.
# to be continued
#49/50 37

ADDENDA TO RUSSIAN TROOPS IN FRANCE 1916-1917
by J. Posoll

Through the kindness of Messrs. H. Shonitz and A. Kotlar we are able to
illustrate additional cancellations on cards and onvolopes which pertain
to the period of the Russian Brigades in France during World War I
: Tho card (Illustration 1) pictures soldiers and the flags of the allied
nations. The cancellation on the left.reads "Campagno de 1914 France -
Russie Belgiquo Anglotorre". The double ring cancellation on the right
roads "Camp Botrancho do Paris. Arrive dos Russos a Vincennos 4 Sept.
1914". The reason for the presence of Russian Military in Paris as early as
September 1914 has not boon determined, but it is certain that they were not
part of the expeditionary forces as tho did not arrive until the spring of
1916. Mr. Shonitz has offered the opinion that possibly a special task
advance detachment was sent to France from Russia to establish preliminary
contact with French military authorities and to study French military methods.
This is a quite logical explanation as ho says he remembers that in the early
fall and winter months of 1914-15, officers of the Belgian army could be
seen occasionally in the streets of St. Petersburg. They we supposedly there
to assist in training Russian contingents in the latest technique of trench
warfare. The two adhesives on the loft part of the card are part of a set
of labels issued in 1904 in France.

Cancellation shown on Illustration 2 is from a cover, originating from
the commanding captain of an ammunition plant in the south of Franco. Next
"to it (Illustration 3) is a corner of a post card, such as was illustrated
in the original article (Rossica #48), which bears two cancellations: the
"largo oval reading, "Control par authorities militairo", and round, dated
6-1-17.

Illustration 4 reproduces the cancellation of the Commissary of the
Imperial Russian Troops in France, and is found on the flap side of the
cover.

Illustrations 5 and 5a are from a cover. Cancellation shown by "5"
roads, "Commander of the Company de Depot do la Legion Russe", while "5a"
reproduces a cancellation, dated "24-8-18". This and the cancellation, from
a card, reproduced by Illustration 6 are both interesting, because of the
late cancellation dates. The letter is from a folded pictorial card, in
collection of Mr. Kotlar. The cancellation at the top roads, "Travoillours
Militairos Russos 7th. Regiment do la officior Francais (Russian Military
workers of the 7th. regiment)u. The date of usage is 27-12-18 and the
rocangular boxed cancellation roads "Achoominoment Impossible (delivery
impossible)".

Mr. Polchaninoff submitted a card of the typo shown by Illustration 3,
with Imperial Eagle completely obliterated with black ink. This was probably
made during the period of revolutionary zeal which prevailed at the time. The
card is dated Oct. 3, 1917 and while the 2nd. revolution had not taken place,
it is evident that the double-headed eagle was already quite unpopular during
the Keronskyls regime. According to other authentic source Russian Brigades
under Gon Lokhvitsky entered Marseilles with triumphant welcome. This
triumph however was costly, as the regiments received from the French bills
for the entertainment and decorations t
8 oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
38 #49/50

ADDENDA No. 2 TO "RUSSIAN TROOPS IN FRANCE IN 1916-1917"

Mro Herman Shenitz kindly submits the following information which may
cast some further light upon this episode.

"In the spring and summer of 1919 I was in Odessa which was occupied by
the Red forces early in the summer. In the late summer a transport arrived
with Russian troops from France, all well fed, with clean new French uniforms,
new strong shoes (French Army style) extra pairs of which appeared on the
open city markets a couple of days later. They also brought a lot of extra
frozen beef with them (an unusual luxury over there at that time). People
were saying that another transport had arrived about the same time at Sevas-
topol in Crimea, which was within Gen. Denikin's jurisdiction at that time."

"nThus I can personally testify that not all of them (Russians from
France) were sent to Gen. Denikin. Also many were sent to Holland where
they were kept and fed at the expense of funds in the hands of the Russian
Embassy there. These were offered a choise to stay in Western Europe or go
home to Rucsia (Soviet); the military attache at the Embassy and his assist-
ants taking care of all feeding, housing and repatriating organization."

Since the author was not a first hand witness to any of the events
described in the original article (Rossica #48), any information by readers
who were on hand at the time is greatly welcomed.
oooooooooooooooo

Boris Riasnianski, Larrazabal 2870, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

I have 124 Zemstvo stamps for sale, which are valued at 155
rubles by Chuchin........................ My price is $150.00..

I have 260 revenuestamps. This lot includes a few privately
i issued Charity stamps.......................y price is 50.00.,

I buy air post stamps of the entire world, mint and cancelled
in complete sets only. Price should not exceed 30% of valuation
according to Scott's catalogue.

Geo. Djako 8026 Emily Detroit 34, Mich,

ATLAS OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE

It has been the good fortune of our Editor, Dr. Salisbury to purchase
a 1835 edition of a Russian Atlas, consisting of large detailed maps of 51
gubernias, 4 territories or oblasts, the Kingdom of Poland and tha Duchy of
Finland and of RUSSIAN AMERICA. The map of the Russian Possessions in North
Amarica is extremely interesting and because of its details is very important,
and it is the first informative map of its type seen by the owner.

Every map gives large and small postal and village roads, with the
distances in versts, and also shows the smallest villages, monasteries,
stations, postal establishments and forts.

The atlas was originally in the library of His Excellency Count Dmitry
Petrovich Soverin, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the
Court of Russia to the Court of Bavaria.
#49/50 39

A- fDD EN Df TO

"RUSSIAN TROOPS IN FRANCE"
SBY J. POSE LL

wAR mItUE RTE POS

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ILLUSTRATION 1 I LLUSTRATION 6

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ILLUSTRATIONSfa "INTERESTING CA NCELLATIONS"
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40

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DESIGN OF 1ST STRMP OF

ILLUSTRATIONS FOR RUSSIAN LENT

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ARTICLE

FIG. I FIG.2

FIG. 3-

41

AIR POST STAMPS OF VLADIVOSTOCK-JULY 28. 1923
Excerpts from Soviet Pross & Editorial Comments.

It is often difficult after a passage of time to arrive at the truth,
even in PHILATELY. Before discussing this controversial issue we will give
chronologically all the background notes of information appearing in Soviet
"-philatelic press, that was available to us, and that appeared during the
approximate issuance of these stamps, and later.

Before going into various items of information it will be very interest-
ing to bring out the following facts. In 1920!s Soviet philately was very
active. Soviet Philatelic Association was formed in Moscow, with branches
in various areas of the Soviet Russia. A great deal of research was being
made into various phases of Russian philately, handbooks and journals were
being published all over Russia. Postage stamps were issued for various
purposes, such as to raise funds t for the hungry", for the "workers", etc.
Hundreds of labels wore issued by various groups, majority of which wore
applied to the mail, but having no postal value. Each philatelic group was
very active in collecting philatelic material, which was sent to Soviet
Philatelic Association in Moscow and used to raise money. -In other words
philately was used in various ways, to its utmost capacity to raise funds
for one cause or another. Ovorenthusiasm and creative ability often
attributed to philatelists or those creating varieties for them was at its
height.

P. P. Stankov, the" initiator of this issue was in 1923, the represent-
ativo of the Soviet Philatelic Association in Vladivostock.
ooooooooooooooooooooo

Decree of July 24, 1923 Vladivostock (This document was evidently used to
show that in accordance with an official, but not post office, order the
series in question were produced).

We the undersigned certify that in accordance with an order of Primgub-
kompomgol (abbreviation for the Priamur Gubornia Committee for Helping the
Hungry) an overprint in rod was made on stamps of old type on panes of 25
stamps at the lithography "Russian Printing Society" in the following quanti-
ty:

3/ on 15 kop. 13 panes (includes 1 pang, imp.)
2/ on 35 kop, 2 panes
3/ on 4 kop. 2 panes
4/ on 2 kop.., imp. 1 pane
5/ on 3 kop., imp. 1 pane
6/ on 1 kop. 4 panes
7/ on 5 kop. 1 pane (includes 1 pane, imp.)
8/ on 10/7 kop. 1 pane
9/ on 10 kop. 1 pane
10/ on 20/14 kop. 1 pane
11/ on 20 kop. 4 panes
12/ on 35/2 kop. Siberia 5 panes
13/ on 50 kop. 5 panos(includes one pane with inverted overprint)
14/oon 70 kop. 1 pane

42 #49/50

Altogether 42 panes or 1050 stamps. Upon completing the overprinting,
the overprint impressions were washed from thoestono, in the preoonco of the
Dolegate of Kompomgol Comrade Stankov.

.Original signed by:-N. Shanin and K. Volkov, roprosontatives of Lithography,
"The Russian Printing Society".
-P. P. Stankov, Superintendent of Philately of Primgub-
S'kompomgol.
Verified by:-Nikolaov, President of Provincial Children's Committoo.
Socretary:-Evsoov
; : P. P. Stankov-Representativo for Philately and Numismatics. for
"Special Soction of tho Far East.

(An official seal appears at the left of the signatures)
:000000000000000000

We are reproducing a page out of 1923 issue of the "Soviot Journal of
Vladivostock", which illustrates a flight cover, the overprint, a short
history of this issue, and an advertisement of the Vladivostock Post Office.
Cover:-At th6 top, bears the following inscription in English-Paul P.
SStankov, Fnilatolist, Vladivostock, Siberia. Below the imprint,
handwritten, in Russian-Air- Mail, Spask, Primorsk. Spask Ueodni
Kompomgol (Spask local committee to help the hungry). Received
July 28 at 11:/+5. The stamps is tied to.the cover with a cancel-
lation which roads "Vladivostock 28-3-23".
S Article: -Stamps of Primorsk Air-Mail.

Through the efforts of Comrade Stankov, during the Air Fleet Week a
trial air-mnil flight was organized between Vladivostock, Nikolsk-Ussuriisk
and Spask.

The organization of this project was given to Primosrsk Gubkompomgol
-(abbreviation for Primorsk Gubornia Committeo for the Hungry).

Gubernia Post Office orenod official collection of air mail on July
.28th, and also the sale of special postage stamps.

The mail was delivered to the plano on July 29th, and directed as
specified to Spask and Nikolsk-Ussuriisk.

Stamps issued for this purpose, wore soon bought up by collectors,
and a certain quantity was left with Kompomgol for sale.

The total quantity issued was 1050, The overprint, the illustration
of which is shown below, was applied in rod on the following stamps:

Tpe of 1909
1 kop. yellow 75 stamps 20 kop. blue & rose 100 stamps
4 kop. rose 50 stamps 135 kop. lilac & green 50 stamps
5 kop. lilac 25 stamps 150 kop. lilac & green 125 stamps includedd
10 kop. blue 25 stamps jin this quantity is 25 with inverted overprint).
15 kop. lilac & blue300 stamps 7O kop. brown & orange 25 stamps
#49/50 43

,., .,< TYo of 191.6-17
"107 kop. blue 25 stamps 20/14 kop. bluo-& roso 25 stamps

S Typo of -198 (imperforato)
S t...1 kop.. yellow 25 stamps 3 kop. light rose 25 stamps
S2 kop. green 25 stamps 15 kop. lilac & blue 25 stamps

Tpo of Siberia 1919
j35/2 kop, perforated 125 stamps

Documont;-The document is reproduced with B. Raovskyts article which is
S reprinted in full.. :- .: .: ; .
Next we give two references to Paul P. Stankov, which are found in the
Soviet Philatolic press.

Soviet Philatolist #7-8, July-August, 1923.

"Undor heading "What our readers write about us"' is a letter dated
Vladivostock, July 1, 1923, and signed by P. P. Stankov. "We quote a letter
from P. P. Stankov, our MSanage of Philately in tho Far East: this letter
has been forwarded to us from Vladivostock by the Priamur Governmental
"Committoo of the Public Famino Relief Organizations". Since this letter has
no bearing on the issue, in question we omit it. hero.,

Soviet Philatolist #9-l'1 So0tembo-COctober, 1923.

In the article originating in Vladivostock, P. P. Stankov writes of
cleaning up of Philately in Siboria. It is a highly political article.
ooooooooooooooo.ooo.oo ...
OOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOO :-
Next reference to this issue is a full length article in March, 1924 issue
of Soviet Philatelist, #3 (19) from the pen of B. Raovsky, which we reproduce
in full, only omitting the information given elsewhere. ,.

Air-Mail Stamps of Vladivostock

".II July, 1923, during the Air Fleet Weok, Primorsk Gubkompomgol organized
trial air-post flight between Nikolsk-Ussuriisk and Spask. For that purpose
a flight, carrying mail, was made on July 29th. from Vladivostock.

For the purpose of prepayment of mail carried on this flight, special
stamps wore prepared in 4 days, overprinting remainders of various postage
stamps in Vladivostock Post Office in red, with aeroplane and a 3 line over-
print reading 12Vladivostock-1923-20 kop.V.,

On July 28th. Vladivostock Post Office started to accept mail for the
special flight, with the following decree which was posted at the Vladivostock
Post Office. .
-. -,-- .: .
"It is brought to the attention of public, that on this dato opened one
day sale of specially overprinted postage stamps for the benefit of the Air:
Float .*
44 #49/50

"1Lotters prepaid with those stamps addressed to NIkolsk-Ussuriisk and
Spask will be mailed to-morrow, July 29th., and carried on a plano, betwoon
10 am. and noon. Letters placed in post office box after the departure of
S the plano, and tied with the above stamps, will be regarded as unpaid,
similar to the lotters,.addressed to localities, other than Nikolsk or Spask."

Postmastor:
SOffico Manager:
Vladivostock, July 28s 1923. .
00000000000000000000,

Next he gives the list of the stamps issued, which we omit hero. Total
16 stamps, and if inverted variety is counted the total is seventeen. The
quantities issued and the number of varieties can not be blamed on the pur-
ported fact that the time was short and that the remainders were very small.
Even if the quantities wore truly small at the Vladivostock post office, the
initiators of these special stamps should never have mado the overprints,
but should have taken remainders that were in largo supply and issued only
one stamp, since, because of the nature of the overprint, only one type of
Correspondence was accepted, prepaid by 20 kop.

Generally speaking it must be stated, that the abovo described stamps,
must not be counted as postage stamps. This is proven by the text of the
decree, stating uStamps, issued to raise funds for the Air Fleet are avail-
able for franking letters, sent only by aeroplane on special day to specified
point, and after certain time, the letters with those stamps addressed else-
whore are invalid."

This indicates, that post office did its part for the benefit of the
Air Fleet, by'accepting letters, and then turning them over to officials of
the Air lFleet.

Therefore we feol, this stamp has no postal value, since the Post Office
did not rbcoivo any money for sending the letters by air mail.
oooooooooocooooooo

Soviet Philatelist, #4 (20), April, 1924 in the list of counterfeits, fanta-
sies, and unofficial government issues makes the following statement. "It
was a private issue by a group of collectors in Vladivostock. Not a postage
stamp .. .....
00000000000000000000

Soviet Journal of Vladivostock, 1924. A letter dated April 20, 1924, from
Tientsin, written by P. P. Stankov is published. This letter authenticates
the letter he sent by air-mail from Vladivostock on July 28, 1923, and which
is illustrated in this article.
0000000000000000
oooooooooooooooo ^

Capt. S. do Shramchonko states that P. P. Stankov, from 1923 resided in
Tiontsin, China, eventually moving to South Amorica. This confirms the fact
that last direct reference to him in Soviet press, while still in residence
in Soviet Russia was in September-October, 1923.
oo0000000000000000
#49/50 45

Four years later the Soviet Philatolist #2 (78), February, 1928 has an
article in English, "The Postage Stamps of the Far East .During the Civil War."
One intorosting sentence roads "they wore used to pay additional air-mail
postago rates."
000000000000000oooooooooooooooooooooo

"Now it is a well known fact that the publication Soviot Philatelist was
the voice of the Soviet collectors, and although #4 (20) as we stated before,
labels them as an unofficial issue, we soo that a 1935 Price List of the
Soviet Philatelic Association has them advertised for sale, without any
comments.

(a)-Set #609 17 varieties-Far Eastern Republic airs -price on demand.
S (b)-Set #610 Short sot $162.00 per sot,
0ooooooooooo

Now for discussion. Sanabria in his catalogue lists'-2 additional
varieties, namely:- -

#302a-4 kop. carmine- (inverted overprint)
.#312a-35/2 kop. gray groen-(invertod overprint)

Official records do not mention either one, and since many counterfeits
of this issue exists, these stamps may fall in this category.

B. J. R. P. page 149 illustrates a cover in collection of C. Stibbo
(cancelled July 28, 1923). Page 307 of the same journal states that in 1952
a set of 16. was auctioned off for L 120.

Pappadopulo in his handbook "Russia in Asia" states that in 1921
(February) all of the stocks of stamps found in Vladivostock or in various
post offices in Priamur wore overprinted with initials D. V. R. The low
values were soon exhausted & postal savings stamps were then overprinted.
We are not trying to prove that the stocks of the old Czarist stamps in
Vladivostock wore non oxistant, just mentioning what Pappadopulo states.
The Chita issue of the Far Eastern Republic, Scott's Nos. 49 to 61 wore
widely used in Vladivostock, as late as 1924, when Soviet stamps were already
in use also. We have registered covers dated April 4, 1923 and January 12,
1924 with Chita issue and many cancelled copies used in Vladivostock.

"Analyzing the information printed above, we come to the following
conclusions. .

(1)-All the known facts printed in philatelic press originated from
various Soviet sources published between July, 1923 and April, 1924.

(2)-We consider this issue as a private, and highly speculative, because
the Vladivostock Post Office did not receive any money from the sale
of those stamps, and evidently only acted as the go-between the
military plane officials that made the flight and the organizers of
the flight. Also the decree of July 24, 1923 certifying that an
order was given for printing those stamps and that the order was
completed has no mention of the postal officials. The official post

46 #49/50

office decree announcing the sale of those stamps was posted at the
Vladivostock post office only on the day of the sale and evidoitly
had a minimum amount of advertising. We assume that the public
--- bought only a few of those .stamps. .

It is stango that the issue being so small, there is no mention
anywhere, that the sale to public was limited or not, for at that
time 20 kop. was vory little, From the scarcity of genuine flown
covers known to us, not more than six, we assume that the plane
Carried very little mail. There is no record of any of these
covers being backstamped at Nikolsk-Ussuriisk approximately 55
miles away, or Spask about 115 miles away. There is also no
mention for provisions of returning the flown covers. We can not
J imagine any one sending a cover with a stamp that we know will
be valuable and not trying to got it back. The only record we have
of a cover being returned to the sender is the one that is illus-
trated, which was sent by P. P. Stankov to some one else.

(3)-The amount of money raised for the fund if all of the issue was
sold out at 20 kop. face would have been 210 rubles. It is quite
improbable also that the Vladivostock Post Office donated 225.50
rubles worth of stamps, which is more than their new face value,
for nothing. Actually as is stated in one of the decrees, only
part of the issue was sold to the public, the remainders wore
turned to the Society sponsoring this fiasco, and eventually ending;
in the stock of the Soviet Philatolic Association. Undoubtedly
the stamps of this issue that were sold by the Soviet Philatolic
Association in 1935 were the remainders mentioned above. The short
J. set of 7 sold by them evidently included one of each of the stamps
e that were issued in the quantities of 50 or more.

It is probably the source of most of the mint sets existing in
collections to-day. The Soviet Philatelic Association took the
advantage of the great boom in Aero-Philately and unloaded their
-supply.

(4)-The reason references to P. P. Stankov were printed in this article
is to show that he was in position to promote this issue. We think
he actually was moro of a promoter and coordinator of philatelic
activities in the Far East than a philatelist, for all of his
articles are political in nature and show no actual knowledge of
Sphilately.
._ ....0 00ooooooooooooo o0
10% DISCOUNT on all purchases 15% DISCOUNT on all purchases
of $2.00 and up. of $10.00 and up.

NE W ISSUES ERRORS VERS VARIETIES Z TQS LOCAIS I

L. & F. STAMP SERVICE
Box #1, Grand Lodget Michigan.

1. Stamples covers from 1812 to 1870 in stock. Also postal stationery.
2. Price list furnished on request.
3. Approvals at about 70% discount from Scotts on Russia, States & Poland.'
S 4. I also have Zemstvos in stock.

#49/50 47

RUS S I AN T URK ES T.AN : "
.., .by W. S. E. Stephen

Turkestan has never been a productive field for the student of postal
history, nor can one find much literature on this subject. Possibly this
can be accounted for by.the fact that Turkestan was one of the very latest
countries to be added to the Russian Empire.

It was not until the 27th. of June 1865, that the Russian forces under
General Tcherniaev finally succeeded in the capture of Tash.ent. Rapidly the
other provinces and khanates were brought under subjugation by General
Kaufmann, who had been appointed Governor General of this part of Cental Asia*

. ... The country being largely agricultural, with few commercial enterprises,
it is not difficult to understand the comparative rarity of covers or even
postmarks. Much of the correspondence seen, practically all emanating from
the larger cities, seems to have been conducted with India and Persia, and
very little fkund its way into the Western Hemisphere.

The earlier means of entry into the country were rather limited, one
being the route from Orenburg through Kazala at the mouth of Syr Darya thence
"along that river via Perovsky, Turkestan and Tchimkont to Tashkent, the other
from the Caspian Sea, from Krasnovodsk via Askhabad, Merv, Chardzhui and
Samarkand. There existed also an alternative route from Semipalatinsk via
Vorny, Aulie-ata and Tchimkont but this route was seldom used. From the
East, there was the"Silk Road"from China.

SPrior to the opening up of the country by the railways all transport was
by moans of camel transport, the two main rivers, the Syr Darya and the Amu
Darya, only being navigable to shallow drafted paddle steamers and to native
kayuks, with their largo square sails, not unlike the foluacas common to Egypt.

Travel in this area has never boon encouraged by the authorities owing
largely to the continual warring of tho.native tribesmen and caution had to
be oxorcisod in the issue of permits allowing travellers to visit the moro
outlandish areas.

SAlthough the country had largely been brought under the rulo of the
Imperial Russian Government, two of the larger khanatos, Bukhara and Khiva
enjoyed a certain amount of autonomy. This was granted under the Treaties
of Khiva, signed August 24, 1873, and of Bukhara signed Soptombor 28, 1873.
By treaty of Khiva, the boundaries woro defined, Russia was granted the right
to establish ports, factories and depots on the left bank of the Amu Darya,
whilst Russia annexed all of.the right bank; the town and villages of the
khanato wore to be open to Russian trade and commerce, Russian merchants wore
to be free from any trado duty, and finally, slavery was to be abolished.
Khiva was to pay Russia an indemnity of 2,200,000 rubles.

The treaty of Bukhara was of similar nature with the addition that it
granted Russian steamers the right to navigate the Amu Darya.

It must therefore be understood that only these two Khanatos are
entitled to the status of "Used Abroads". This has boon made quito clear by
P. Traks in his article in the R. J. of R. P. No. 12, pages 373/4.

48 #49/50

A brief history of the conquest of tho Central Asian Provinces may eo
appropriate. Peter the Groat and Nicholas I in vain attempted the ccnqoast
of Khiva and Bukhara, tho one in 1717, tho other in 1839. In 1863 Vamoory,
disguised as a dervish, succodod in visiting Bukhara and Khiva. It was not
S until 1865 that Tashkent eventually foil into the hands of Russians and later
in 1866-68 that the combined power of Bukhara and Kokand was overthrown and
along with those Samarkand and Khodzhont passed into Russian hands. Consider-
able trouble was experienced by General Kaufmann, who was Governor and Control.
lor of the district, in quelling tho recalcitrant tribesmen and it was not
until 1873 that Khiva was finally humbled. Later in 1876 the remnant of the
Khanato of Kokand was finally incorporated in the Russian Empire under the
name of Forghana Oblast. In 1881 General Skobolov successfully overthrow the
Tokko Turcomans (Tokintzi) and in 1884 the Turcomans of Morv submitted without
a struggle. In 1895 the greater part of the Pamir plateau was annoxod, so
that Russia was now soporatod from British India only by a strip of nominally
Afghan territory a few leagues in widthU

EARLY POSTAL SERVICES

Of the early postal services, Prof. Eugene Schuylor, in his history of
provinces, states "The native Governments strongly objected to the establish-
mont of postal routes within their territories, and unless a letter was brought
by special mossongor, it had to be sent by some native, who may for days
forgot it or who may simply in passing throw it in at the door, usually in a
mutilated state, as it had usually boon opened by the frontier or city
authoritiesU. Expenditure largely exceeded rovonuos, the postal revenue for
1868, the year of its inception, being.only 9,800 rubles, while in 1872 the
revenue was 65,300 rubles against an expenditure for that year of 696,000
rubles.

ARAL FLOTILLA .

An interesting description of this flotilla, as given by Schuyler,
deserves recording. The commencement of building the Aral Flotilla was made
in 1847 when the two masted schooners "NIKOLAT" and "MDHAEL" were constructed
at Oronburg. Later the "KONSTANTIN' a larger vessel, was built and in this
vessel Lieutenant Butakoff, in 1848 and 1849, completely surveyed the Aral
Soa, In 1850, two steamers wore ordered from Sweden, the "FEROVSKY" and the
"OBRUTCHEF". The "%ROVSKYI was launched on the Syr Darya in 1853, and the
"0OBRUTCHEF" two years later. In 1860, two new vessels were ordered from
Liverpool, built of corrugated iron, glat bottomed and stern wheelers. At
the same time a pantoon deck was also ordered. The steamers wore brought in
pieces from Orenburg, on the backs of camels, put together at Kazala, and
launched in the autumn of 1862. Those were named the "SYR DARYA" and the
"ARAL". Further additions, all larger vessels, were the "SIAMARKAND" built
at Cockorill's Works in Belgium in 1866 and the "TASHKENT" built in Russia in
1870. All those vessels plied the Aral Sea and Syr Darya with passengers and
freight. Well knowing the proclivity of the Russian Postal Administration
for the granting of special postmarks to steamship companies, it would be
interesting to speculate whether similar facilities wore extended to the
steamship companies on the Aral Sea. It is known that mails wore transported
on the Issyk Kul, a largo lake to the east of the Aral Sea, on the borders of
Sin-Kiang and Turkostan. This service operated between the ports of Kutocnm'-di
at the west and and Proobrazhcnsky at the east end of the lako, calling at the
smaller townships at the lake side with mails and freight.
#49/50 49

RAILWAY SERVICE

A railway service operates two trains daily from Krasnovodsk to Tashkent
covering the 1748 vorsts or 1159 milos in 58 hours. General Annonkov commoncod
the building of this lino in August 1880 when it was known as the Central
Asiatic or Transcaspian Railway. It reached Morv in 1886, Samarkand in 1888
and Tashkont and Andizhan in 1898. The routo was KRASNOVODSK-4KRA TENGIR-
BELEK-DZHEBEL-BALLA ISHEIM-PEEVIi-K.AZDZHIK -KIZIL AfRVlT-BL1I-ARTCHMAN-
BKIHARZAN-GECK TEIE-BEZMEIN-.ASKhL D-LNAU-I.RTIK-KA1XHl A-DUSHLK -TEDZHEN-MIRV
(a branch lino runs thrice weekly to KUSHKA on Afghan bordor)-BIR'AM AL I-
UTCH ADZHI-REPETEP-BAEKHANI-CHARDZHUI-FfIRABK/LRKUL-KAGAN or NEW BUKHARA, tho
railway station for Bukhara which is 8 miles distant by road-KIZIL TEIE-
KERMINEH-KLJTTI KURGANI-SAJVRKILND-ROSTOVTZEVO-DZHIZAK- TCHERNLYEVO-SYS
DARINKEAYA-TLSHKENT. .

: From TCHERTAYEVO a branch lino runs to ANDIZHAN via KHODZHENT-KCKAND-
.and GORTCHKIXOVO.

".A highway loads from Andizhan aouthoast to Osh .tho starting point for
"travel in tho Pamir Platoau and in the Chinese Turkostan. From Osh, a road
loads 280 milos southeast to Kashgar via Gultcha-SUFI KURGIA-TALLDUIK PASS-
IRKESHTA1...

SThe railway from Oronburg to Tashkont was opened in 1905 and through
express carriages run from St. Petersburg and Moscow.

ORENBTURG-ILETZK-AK BULAKJX TYUBINSK-E1BA-BER TCHOGUR-TCHEIKAR-
"SAJULSK AYA-ARLLSK OYE MORE-KAZAiLINSK-DZHIISZ -KALRA UZYLK-FEROVSC-TCHIILI-.
TUMrESTAN-T&M-A-RUIS-KABUL SAI-TASHiENT.

S, -to beo .continuod-
Sooooooooooooooooooooo

SI am interested in buying complete sets of SOVIET PHILTTELIST and
SOVIET COLLECTOR, plus other Russian PHILATELIC PUBLICATIONS that I do
not have in my library. -Those publications are very important in my
studios of Russian stamps. .

Dr. Gregory B. Salisbury 49th. & Locust Sts.- .Philadelphia 39, Pa.

MNE PHILLATELIC LITERATURBE PRICE LIST
52 pagos, just out
25c doductable from first order.

FIITZ BILLING
168-39 Highland Aveo,.
Jamaica 32, N. Y.

MONTHLY PUBLIC AUCTIONS

Over 2500 lots.and 28 photo pages. Covering most fields of Philately.
Cataloguo frooe on request.

Billig & Rich 55 West 42nd. Street. Now York 36, N, Y.

S 50 #49/50

REVIEW OF CURRENT UKRAINIAN PHILATEIC PRESS
by Capt. S. do Shramchonko

There are 3 journals at present devoted to Ukrainian philately: NEWS OF
THE POSTAL DEPARTMENT OF THE UKRAINIAN COUNCIL, DER UKRAINE PHILATELIST, and
THE PHILATELIST. We shall discuss them briefly.

NEIS OF THE POSTAL DEPARTMENT OF THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL COUNCIL, Munchen,
Dankholstrasso 4/o. West Germany. No.2/5-Mlay 1955. This issue, edited by
G. Tkachcnko has the following: (a)-Status of Ukrainian Stamp Collections
Throughout the World by Dr. Sombai(Buenos Aires), valuable for its postal
history, (b)-tDio Ukrainischo Ganzeachen" by Dr. R. Seichter (Soltau),
President of Ukraine Philateliston Verband-(German Section) beginning of an
article, with a table of 34 tridents. (c)-F. Kordub (Munchen)-neterogeneous
Nature of Stamps. (dc')-Capt. S. do Shramchonko-Ukrainian Philatoly & Humor.
(e)-R. Polchaninoff-Philately Used as Propaganda. (f)-Dr. D. Schmidt-Ein
Interessanter Vergleich. Cost of Journal-Twenty Cents, plus postage.

DER UKRAINE PHILATELIST, Hamburg, Duvenstedt, Rogenoort 12, West. Germany,
editor Dr. D. Schmidt. Organ of U.P.V. No.5(7), September, 1955. Contains
(a)-Society news, (b)-Now Literature of Ukrainian Philately which lists the
following:-Dr. H. Schultz s "Doutsche Dienptpost 1939-1945", issued serially,
"Deutsche Post Osten, General Government (Part2), "Galizien" (Part 3), and
soon to appear uUkraine". C. W. Roborts's book, "The Trident Issues of Ukrain.
Part I, Kiev, PartII, Odessa, III-Kharkov, Ekatorinoslav & Poltava, IV-Podolia.
& Postal Stationery. Another book "Local Issues" will soon appear. (c)-Dr.
Seichter's answers to questions & information on new discoveries, and (d)-
k List of Tridents of Odessa, from the Trachtenberg material. Among the ads we
S find offers of sale of photostats of valuable German publications on Ukraine,
from 1918.

THE PAILATELIST, 315 Van Wincle Ave, Jersey-City 6, N.J., USA. Editor,
Eugene Kotyk. Journal oftho Society of Ukrainian Philatelists, in Ukrainian,
with an English column. Price $1.00. Vol.V (Whole #15),. 1955, contains
(a)-E. Kotyk-Famous Exports of Ukrainian Stamps, (b)-D. Buchinsky-History of
Blue and Rod Mauritius, (c)-E. Ertol-My Recollections of Ukraino (notes by
a German officer philatelist who witnessed first overprints of Kiev I), (d)-
E. Kotyk-Now Data About Stamps of West Oblast YHP, (o)-Dr. Sombai-Roview of
the maj or work of Ukrainian Stamps of Volynia, 1918-1920 & 1941-44, written
by Capt. S. de Shramcherko in "Litopis Volini", (f)-Write up of Rossica Journal
and Dr. G. B. Salisbury. English section includes Dr. Soichter's tridents
of Kiev I, Chernigov I, Jitomir I with tables of tridents "The Handstamp Comb
Combinations of Kiev Type I" and also Editorts Review.
ooooooooooo000000000000000

KRAINE THEATRE REVENUE STAMPS OF 1918
by Capt. S. de Shramchenko

Mr. Jacques Posoll, member of Rossica sent me for expertising his
collection of Ukrainian revenue stamps, among which I found a sot of Ukrainian
theatre revenue stamps. They have the following history: In Imperial Russia,
the tax on theater tickets was paid by a receipt part of the special charity
stamps of the "Empress Mario Society", which was pasted on each theater
ticket. At the top of each theater ticket was the inscription "Tickot with-
out stamp is invalid. The stamps consisted of two parts (no perforations
in between), thus when the ticket was separated from the other half of the
#49/50 51
Page 51

REVIEW OF CURRENT UKRAINIAN PHILATEIC PRESS
by Capt. S. do Shramchonko

There are 3 journals at present devoted to Ukrainian philately: NEWS OF
THE POSTAL DEPARTMENT OF THE UKRAINIAN COUNCIL, DER UKRAINE PHILATELIST, and
THE PHILATELIST. We shall discuss them briefly.

NEIS OF THE POSTAL DEPARTMENT OF THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL COUNCIL, Munchen,
Dankholstrasso 4/o. West Germany. No.2/5-Mlay 1955. This issue, edited by
G. Tkachcnko has the following: (a)-Status of Ukrainian Stamp Collections
Throughout the World by Dr. Sombai(Buenos Aires), valuable for its postal
history, (b)-tDio Ukrainischo Ganzeachen" by Dr. R. Seichter (Soltau),
President of Ukraine Philateliston Verband-(German Section) beginning of an
article, with a table of 34 tridents. (c)-F. Kordub (Munchen)-neterogeneous
Nature of Stamps. (dc')-Capt. S. do Shramchonko-Ukrainian Philatoly & Humor.
(e)-R. Polchaninoff-Philately Used as Propaganda. (f)-Dr. D. Schmidt-Ein
Interessanter Vergleich. Cost of Journal-Twenty Cents, plus postage.

DER UKRAINE PHILATELIST, Hamburg, Duvenstedt, Rogenoort 12, West. Germany,
editor Dr. D. Schmidt. Organ of U.P.V. No.5(7), September, 1955. Contains
(a)-Society news, (b)-Now Literature of Ukrainian Philately which lists the
following:-Dr. H. Schultz s "Doutsche Dienptpost 1939-1945", issued serially,
"Deutsche Post Osten, General Government (Part2), "Galizien" (Part 3), and
soon to appear uUkraine". C. W. Roborts's book, "The Trident Issues of Ukrain.
Part I, Kiev, PartII, Odessa, III-Kharkov, Ekatorinoslav & Poltava, IV-Podolia.
& Postal Stationery. Another book "Local Issues" will soon appear. (c)-Dr.
Seichter's answers to questions & information on new discoveries, and (d)-
k List of Tridents of Odessa, from the Trachtenberg material. Among the ads we
S find offers of sale of photostats of valuable German publications on Ukraine,
from 1918.

THE PAILATELIST, 315 Van Wincle Ave, Jersey-City 6, N.J., USA. Editor,
Eugene Kotyk. Journal oftho Society of Ukrainian Philatelists, in Ukrainian,
with an English column. Price $1.00. Vol.V (Whole #15),. 1955, contains
(a)-E. Kotyk-Famous Exports of Ukrainian Stamps, (b)-D. Buchinsky-History of
Blue and Rod Mauritius, (c)-E. Ertol-My Recollections of Ukraino (notes by
a German officer philatelist who witnessed first overprints of Kiev I), (d)-
E. Kotyk-Now Data About Stamps of West Oblast YHP, (o)-Dr. Sombai-Roview of
the maj or work of Ukrainian Stamps of Volynia, 1918-1920 & 1941-44, written
by Capt. S. de Shramcherko in "Litopis Volini", (f)-Write up of Rossica Journal
and Dr. G. B. Salisbury. English section includes Dr. Soichter's tridents
of Kiev I, Chernigov I, Jitomir I with tables of tridents "The Handstamp Comb
Combinations of Kiev Type I" and also Editorts Review.
ooooooooooo000000000000000

KRAINE THEATRE REVENUE STAMPS OF 1918
by Capt. S. de Shramchenko

Mr. Jacques Posoll, member of Rossica sent me for expertising his
collection of Ukrainian revenue stamps, among which I found a sot of Ukrainian
theatre revenue stamps. They have the following history: In Imperial Russia,
the tax on theater tickets was paid by a receipt part of the special charity
stamps of the "Empress Mario Society", which was pasted on each theater
ticket. At the top of each theater ticket was the inscription "Tickot with-
out stamp is invalid. The stamps consisted of two parts (no perforations
in between), thus when the ticket was separated from the other half of the
#49/50 51
Page 51

ticket (the part that remained in theatre), loft portion of the stamp
remained on the ocountorfoil"and the right portion on the ticket.

S Theatre stamps of the "Empress Marie Society" wore in use in Ukraine
until June 14, 1918, when a decree issued by the Ukrainian government,
replaced thom with Ukrainian thottrestamps. The design of these stamps is
in pure Ukrainian style, and evidently the work of Professors Uri Ivanovich
Narbut and Vasili Fedorovich Krichevsky. They were printed in Kuljenko
Typography in Kiev, on very thin paper of regular Ukrainian stamps and
the 20 griven regular postage stamp. Complete set consists of 9 stamps,
issued imperforate and with the following inscrptions in various combinations.
a- "Zakon 14 chorvnia 1918 r."1 ... :
b-"Talon dlia ostatka." counterfoill)

.2, 7, 8 and 9 had a strident" incorporated in its design, while the
.remaining numbers have Ukrainian swastika in four corners.

No. 1 20 shagiv-blue, rod, gray. Background of 50 shagiv revenue stamp.
No. 2 .40.shagiv-bluo, gray, orange. -.u -, 50 9 5 .
No.' 3-; 70 shagiv-brown, green. t it 50 .
No. 4 80 shagiv-green, yellow. n I 40 tu u
No.-5 -100-shagiv-rod, green. n" U 40: ,
.No. 6"-160 shagiv-bluo, red. a-50 :. .
No. 7 -.. 1 karbovanots- yel. green & Yellow. 40
S NNo. 8 1 karb. 120 shagiv- bl. green & u .44
No. 9 r- 2 karbovanets-bluo green 40 : -

"Three types of designs are illustrated-Figure 1 (hw: and 2), Figure 2
(##3,4,5 and'6), and Figure 3 (##7,8 and 9). ...
Incidentally, Poltava Postal-Telegraph Office overprinted the theatre
"stamps of "Empress Marie Society" with a trident in violot, and these stamps
besides its normal usage were used as postage stamps. I have. in my collection
stamps of 5. 20, 30 on 2 kop. and also a block of four of 5 kop. cancelled
"Poltava. 2. 12. 18." Also at various auctions in Europe I came across
complete covers with those stamps, although infrequently. Likewise Podolia
Postal-Telegraph Office, in Kamonets-Podolsk overprinted the theatre tax -
stamps with black trident of Type "I", and as with overprints in Kharkov
Postal-Telegraph Office, I have never seen them in postal use. Evidently
they wero used only for theater ticket tax.
S :000 .00000

A. Cronin doubts the postal usage, described above, in Poltava. Mr.
H. Dumont of S.M.H.E.A., Coona, NEW, Australia, a former Red Army officer,
who left Russia for Lithuania in 1923, remembers seeing the postal usage
Sol:, some theatrical" stamps in the Crimea in 1919-1920 during the Civil War
period on covers, but can remember no further details,
00 oooooooo -.
Vo are greatly interested in additional information on "Theatrical"
tax stamps of Ukraine, especially for POSTAL USE.
.. 00000000 -. -

S 52 #49/50
Page 5.

RUSSIAN POST IN TURKEY
by A. Rosselovitch

It is known that besides the special stamps issued for the needs of
Russian post offices in Asia Minor, in Turkey and Palestine, between 1864 &
1919, ordinary adhesive stamps of the Russian Empire were used in various
post offices of Russian Levant & were cancelled either with dot postmarks,
having a numeral in the center, or with ordinary circular cancellation having
the name of the town and the date. These cancellations are more or less rare,
and are generally found on stamps of 1859-68 issues, mostly the 10 kop. on
wove or with horizontally laid lines, and less rarely on 20 & 30 kop. values,
SAs far as I know, the earlier regular issues of Russia have not been seen
cancelled in Russian Levant.

Not too long ago I was fortunate enough to find Russia No. 1 cancelled
with dot cancellation in blue, having numeral "780"in center, This number is
for Smyrna. I found this stamp unexpectedly in Paris, and the dealer told
me he acquired it at an auction, and that there were at that time several
stamps like this one with similar postmarks, and that they were bought by
Various individuals. Undoubtedly this is one one of the rarest cancellations
on Russia No. 1.

We shall now consider the forgeries of Russian Levant, & the methods of
their identification. I consider it very important to inform the readers
that my information is prepared for collectors, who do not have reference
material for comparison, nor modern methods of expertization. Likewise I
recommend that serious collectors, who are specialists in this field are
consulted, whenever rare and expensive stamps are to be purchased. Falsi-
fication methods are continuously being perfected, and it is possible to
come across forgeries superior to the ones seen so far.

SUnlike the stamps of Russian Offices in China, in which each overprint
may be fake, the stamps of Russian Levant have series which have not been
forged, thus we shall discuss only those which have been forged.

The stamp of large format, Scott No. I, has been forged several times.
The sources of these forgeries, and the characteristics of various forgeries
vary. It is very important to stress here that the genuine stamps were printed
by typography, and are distinguished by thinness & delicacy of details of the
design, while the forgeries were lithographed, and are cruder and have many
important deviations from the originals. Examples are mot with the overprint
"Ufacsimilo" or with traces of it. Washing off,of the word "facsimile",and
retouching the parts of the stamp whoroitracos of this process remained was
one of the methods used by forgers. I

First we will describe the differences in genuine & forgeries on the
parts of the stamps indicated on illustration by Russian letters Ua" & f".

a-Found where the 3rd. & 4th. double lines of the outer frame are
broken by the large outer circle,

1-On genuine these lines end sharply. 2-On forgeries they are dull.

S #49/50 53
Page 53

o-In the lower corner is found a small white circle with an ornament
inside of it....In the upper part, on both sides of the circle and
parallel to the large circle are found four blue lines.

1-On genuine stamps, on both sidos,is also found a first "parasite"
line, thinner than the others. In the lower left corner, in the
like position, a similar, short & barely noticeable thin line is
Also found.
2-On forogries this line is missing, or is found on one side of
the incomplete white circle with ornament.

Besides the two important characteristics just mentioned, which may be
successfully used on the more modern forgeries we shall describe other
differences found on genuine and the counterfeits.

GENUINE
1-In the funnel-shaped opening of the left post horn, under the eagle,
will be found 2 tiny lines, & on the right post horn 2 lines.
2-In the part above letters "OTtIF" shown on illustration by letter '" ",
the outer ring is interrupted and is in form of points or dots for an
approximate distance of 2mm.
3-Inside"half circles", placed around the large disc with the eagle,
shown on illustration as ab" are in form of dots and tiny lines or
dashes, giving an impression of a rubbed-out ornament.
4-The stamp is in shape of a perfect square, 42.5nm. on each side. The
measurements of a sheet of dark blue stamps of 3rd. printing are
12.2x15.6cm., the distances between stamps are 4 to 42mm. Also the
top pair of the sheet of 4 is not parallel to the lower pair.

FORGERIES
1-Lines are either absent or their number is different than on genuine.
3-Do not have the characteristics of genuine.

The first stamp of Russian Levant is considerably scarcer cancelled and
therefore it is clear than counterfeit cancellations may be found both on
genuine and forged stamps. When the forgeries were cancelled a fantastic
cancellation was used, and it is usually found on the corner or on the
edge of the stamp. On the other hand the fake cancellations found on the
genuine stamps are similar to genuine cancellations. Description of the
differences between the genuine and fake cancellations is very difficult, &
thus it is necessary to refer to a competent expert for expertizing the post-
mark. Only one issue, namely the dark blue on ordinary (not thin) paper, was
over put into circulation, and thus require no exportization of postmark
when found cancelled.

This stamp had 3 printings, general information about which is well known.
It was issued in sheets of 4.

1st. Printing-Vertical strips of 4. 2nd. Printing-Blocks of 4.

Each stamp in the sheet differs from the others in minute details, thus
giving 4 typos. These variations in typo likewise can serve in separating
genuine from the forgeries. (In the description of the types, which follow,
the English equivalent of the Russian words is given. See the illustrations
2, 3, and 4 for Russian equivalent).
S 54 #49/50
Page 54

Typo o Thoro is a break in tho outer frare in the lower right
corner. (Soo Illustration).
Typo 2 In the word "lota", tho dot forming the bottom of the left
stroke of the Russian letter "L"is apart front the'strokoe
Typo 3 In the word "Bandorolnoo" the top horizontal stroke of the
Russian letter "T' bonds at the right with a dot or a period.
Tyoe L The bottom of the scepter is divided by a white line, and in
the blue circle under the word Ukop" is a white "parisito" line.

The second issue, Scott's Nos. 2 & 3, issued in 1865, wore lithographed
and unlike the first issue do not distinguish themselves either by thinness
or delicacy of design, thus making the job of forgers easier & in consequence
a number of good forgeries have appeared on the market. Taking into the
consideration the rarity of the genuine stamps, and the fact that both
genuine and the forgeries were lithographed, and expert study is essential,
as it is impossible to list all the minute differences, and also, an important
factor is the comparison with the already oxportizod stamps, which may not
be in possosion of many collectors. Nevertheless we list below several
features which may enable one to identify the cruder counterfeits.,

GENUINE
10 Para
1-The periods after letters are square. 2-Light brown net is small &
3-Below the ship, on the right side, in- thin.
side of the white curl is two thicken-
ings, and in the waves is a white dot.

COUNTERFEITS
10 Para & 2 Piastres
2-The not is not clear, nor is it well defined.
4-Papor is thin to very thin, with traces of color on the .reverse side.
5-Letter'"0" is more square than on the genuine. (2 pi.)
6-Small dashes or lines, on an incline, in the frame around the ship are
either absent, or present in small numbers. (2 pi.)
7-Dashos, representing the waves, are in considerably smaller number.

Both of those stamps were reprinted, both officially and privately, on
yellowish paper, in shades different than originals, without gum, and
surrounded by a thin line 1.5mm. from the edge of the design. These reprints
are found with forged cancellations and forged gum.

Other issues of Russian Levant will be discussed in the next installment.

0000000ooo00000... ...
Your WANT-LISTS HAVE A GOOD CHANCE OF BEING FILLED FROM MY SPECIALIZED
stock of Russia---- -Czarist and Soviet-----mint--used---errors, also

Soviet covers. I will be interested to learn what interests you.

Lester S. Glass (A.S.D.A., APS, SPA.)

P. 0. Box 36646, Wilshire-La Brea Station, Los Angeles 36, California

S #49/50 55
Page 55

NOTES ON RUSSIAT PHIITELY
by A. Rossolovitch

- In tho previous number of the Journal, #48, writing about forgorios
in the field of color of stamps, I disclosed the appearance rocontly of 3 kop,
Charity stamps of 1915, in which the paper was artificially colored sky blue,
so as to be palmed off as a rarity. At this time, it is possible to give
additional data about those sta;rps. Study of those stamps under the rays of
Wood lamp, show that this sky blue color has a different chemical make up than
the sky blue background of the 10 kop. of 1914. Further investigation and
questioning of informed persons gave the following data. Sky blue background
of the stamp was put on artificially on several shoots and blocks of 3 kop, on
white paper (1915), but not in Russia, and not during the revolution, as I had
considered, but comparatively recently, by a Russian migrant, living in Franco.

At first, he covered with sky blue color a large quantity of shoots of
10 kop. on white paper, of same issue of 1915, trying to cash in on the dif-
ference in price betwoon the two issues, especially those perforated 13-12
which on stamps of 1914 are worth 15 times higher than those on white paper
of 1915. After that venture passed off successfully, the same individual
wont on to other experiments, namely: coloring of the previously mentioned
3 kop. of 1915 with sky blue color, and into rose color the samo stamp on
white paper with perforation 13-.

The same man was responsible for large quantities of the forgeries of
the following stamps:

.1-Stamps of Gen. Wrangol, in singles, blocks, complete sorios, including
preparation of ontires, letters with genuine or forged cancellers.
2-Phrygian cap and swords overprints, on almost all stamps on which this
overprintt exists, except. those of 35 & 50 kop. of the Romanov Jubilee
series of 1913, which he fortunately could not obtain, in mint state,
and in blocks.
3-Rarities of Mongolia, mainly the Mongolian arms typos with the overprint:
very highly priced in catalogues. The stamps woro completely forged,
as well as the ovorprints.
/4-Proviously mentioned forgarios of color background on the charity stamps
of 1915.
5-Overprints of Ukraino, Armonia, etc.

Since, it is quite possible that many of those forgeries have spread to
various countries, one should pay special care when encountering the above
mentioned stamps. They have boon offered for sale in North and South America,
whoro "stamps", especially of Mongolia are very popular.

Duo to lack of space, continuation of the study of the forgeries of the
Russian stamps will follow in the near future.
ooooooooooooooooo
S' : FILTLDIA 156
Our member, Bernard Davis, Director of National Philatelic Musoum was one
of the members of the International Jury. Following members won medals:
C. Dougan of California (Bronze), F. Fritz Billig (Silver) for literature,
National Philatelic MVusouT of Philadelphia (Silver gilt cortificato). Sir
Johm Wilson, Koopor of Quoon Elizaboth II stamp collection, exhibited "Russia1
in the Court of Honor.
ooooooooooooooooo
56 #49/50
Page 56

NOTES ON RUSSIAT PHIITELY
by A. Rossolovitch

- In tho previous number of the Journal, #48, writing about forgorios
in the field of color of stamps, I disclosed the appearance rocontly of 3 kop,
Charity stamps of 1915, in which the paper was artificially colored sky blue,
so as to be palmed off as a rarity. At this time, it is possible to give
additional data about those sta;rps. Study of those stamps under the rays of
Wood lamp, show that this sky blue color has a different chemical make up than
the sky blue background of the 10 kop. of 1914. Further investigation and
questioning of informed persons gave the following data. Sky blue background
of the stamp was put on artificially on several shoots and blocks of 3 kop, on
white paper (1915), but not in Russia, and not during the revolution, as I had
considered, but comparatively recently, by a Russian migrant, living in Franco.

At first, he covered with sky blue color a large quantity of shoots of
10 kop. on white paper, of same issue of 1915, trying to cash in on the dif-
ference in price betwoon the two issues, especially those perforated 13-12
which on stamps of 1914 are worth 15 times higher than those on white paper
of 1915. After that venture passed off successfully, the same individual
wont on to other experiments, namely: coloring of the previously mentioned
3 kop. of 1915 with sky blue color, and into rose color the samo stamp on
white paper with perforation 13-.

The same man was responsible for large quantities of the forgeries of
the following stamps:

.1-Stamps of Gen. Wrangol, in singles, blocks, complete sorios, including
preparation of ontires, letters with genuine or forged cancellers.
2-Phrygian cap and swords overprints, on almost all stamps on which this
overprintt exists, except. those of 35 & 50 kop. of the Romanov Jubilee
series of 1913, which he fortunately could not obtain, in mint state,
and in blocks.
3-Rarities of Mongolia, mainly the Mongolian arms typos with the overprint:
very highly priced in catalogues. The stamps woro completely forged,
as well as the ovorprints.
/4-Proviously mentioned forgarios of color background on the charity stamps
of 1915.
5-Overprints of Ukraino, Armonia, etc.

Since, it is quite possible that many of those forgeries have spread to
various countries, one should pay special care when encountering the above
mentioned stamps. They have boon offered for sale in North and South America,
whoro "stamps", especially of Mongolia are very popular.

Duo to lack of space, continuation of the study of the forgeries of the
Russian stamps will follow in the near future.
ooooooooooooooooo
S' : FILTLDIA 156
Our member, Bernard Davis, Director of National Philatelic Musoum was one
of the members of the International Jury. Following members won medals:
C. Dougan of California (Bronze), F. Fritz Billig (Silver) for literature,
National Philatelic MVusouT of Philadelphia (Silver gilt cortificato). Sir
Johm Wilson, Koopor of Quoon Elizaboth II stamp collection, exhibited "Russia1
in the Court of Honor.
ooooooooooooooooo
56 #49/50
Page 56

L IT E R A R Y REVIEW

Due to lack of space we shall limit ourselves to a listing of the
published material, appearing since our last effort, P. 17, #46/47. We
urge our readers to mail in all additional matorial in the world phila-
tolic press, not mentioned here and dealing with our specialty. .

STAMPS
Doc. 10, 1955. G. B. Sloane-Alexandria, USA-Alexandria, USSR. P. 417
Dec. 10, 1955. G. B. Sloano-Alexandria Story-Addition. P. 453
Jan. 7,'1956. Russia, Finnish Occupation,.Scott N1 to N8. .. P. 12
Jan. 28, 1956. G. B. Sloano-Alexandria, USA and USSR. P. 121
Mar. 3, 1956. Transition from Stampless Mailing to Stamps in the
/ Kingdom of Poland-Stephen G. Rich. P. 302
Mar. 24, 1956. Railway Stamps of Finland. P. 426
Apr. 21, 1956. A. Moyses-Check List of Souvenir Miniature Sheets P. 90
Apr. 21, 1956. Drifting Station-North Pole (cover, notes). P. 105

THE COLLECTORS CLUB PHILATELIST
Sept. 1955. V. Rachmanoff-Poland Number One. P. 237

SPA JOURNAL -
July 1955. E. Tolkowsky, H. Girst-The Postal Markings of
Jerusalem Old City Since 1948. P. 535
July 1955. A. Bledsoe-Early Issues of the Baltic States. P. 554
February 1956. Wolfgang Fritzsche-Pleskau. P. 275
April 1956. W. Engelhardt, MD.-Early Preca'cels,Finland. P. 408
Lay 1956. M. Zinsmeister-UPU Additions, Changes since
January 1953. P. 462
June 1956. J. Jakubecki-Poland, Local Issues of 1918. P. 487

"AMERICAN IILATELIST
Dec. 1955. E. Tolkowsky-Early Posts in Holy Land, P. 181
February 1956. T. Bozarth-Revival of Military Decorations by the
SSoviets. P.302
May 1956. R. Larson-Pioneer of Revenues Alfred Forbin. : P. 542

AERO PHILATELIST ANNALS
January 1956. H. M. Goodkind-Russia, An Air Mail Cover Found
with Error (Sanabria #39, Scott #449a). P. .75

MERCURY STAMP JOURNAL
September1955. Siberia, 1922 Priamur Issue (Scott##85 to 115). P. 260

BULLETIN OF THE POLONUS PHILATELIC SOCIETY
Septemberl955. V. Rachmanoff-Duchy of Warsaw and Its Postal
Markings. P. 131-I
Septomberl955. S. Gibrick-Ukrainian Field Post of 1920. Reprint
from the Rossica Journal. P. 131-3
(Complete chock list of material of interest to us,
in the previous issues of Polonus Bulletin will
be published later.)

#49/50 57
Pa-e 57

P HILATELIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Ist, Quarter 1955. R. Sklarevski-Philatolic Litorature of Russia.
Reprinted from Rossica Journal. P. 34

WEEKLY PHILATELIC GOSSIP
March 17, 1956. W. Edgar-London Chat-Machuria. P. 74
April 7, 1956. Front Page-Cover of Pleskau. Front Page
April 14, 1956. F. Warner-Viva Mongolia. P. 218

May /5, 1956. W. Edgar-London Chat-Mongolia. P. 317
May 12, 1956. H. Jones-White and Rod Opera, Philatelic Story
of Russian Opera. P. 353
June 30, 1956. F. Warner-Assignment: Azerbaijan. P. 574

WESTERN STAMP COIJUECTOR
August 13, 1955. Soviet Propaganda Organs Foature Stamps Again.

MEKEEL WEEKLY STAMP NE'S
Outer Mongolia, Terra Incognita-Reprint from
Scott-s Monthly Journal of December 1955.
CHINA SECTION BULLETIN. CITY OF LONDON H1JLATELIC SOCIETY
Docombor 1955. Mongolia-illustrations, notes on Mongolia
display. P. 45
February 1956. Sir D. Rosoway-Sinkiang. P. 47
February 1956. W. H. Afdgey-Edgar.-The Postal & Airmail Routes
of Manchuria, with a map of the routes. P. 62
GERMAN FHILATELIC REVIEW
March 1955. E. Koiler-The Dionstpost Forerunners of the
Ukraine 1941/42, profusely illustrated. P. 35
CORREO DEL ORINOCO VENEZTUELA "
December 1955. E. M. Guerra-Sollos Moneda y Monedos-Sollo. P. 28

STMP COLLECTING ENGLA'DND
July 8, 1955. A. Niven-Stamps of the Ukraine OUndorground Post"P. 535
December 30, 1955. Pall Mall Gasotto-Tho Crimean War Letters. P. 547
February 10, 1956. A. Nivon-Continental Clues "Why no Russians." P. 735.
June 22, 1956. W. Kilroy-Antarctic Pioneering. P. 443

PHILATELY. ENGLAND.
June 1956. E. Glasgow-The Post in Finland. P. 198

THE STAMP LOVER. ENGILND
May 1956. M. Bojanowicz-Poland Number One. P. 190

THE HOLY LAND PHILATELIST
September 1955. Birobijan. P : 284

58 #49/50
Page 58

INTERESTING CANCELLATIONS, ETC.
by R. Sklarovski

S"'STAMPS" for Decomber 6, 20, 27 1941 and January 3, 10, 17, 24 1942
published a complete story of "Rudolph Thomas Counterfeit Cancellations
of Europe".

It seems that Rudolph Thomas was very active in applying counterfeit
cancellations on numerous stamps of various countries. P. 174 of Stamps
(January 31, 1942) illustrates 39 examples, while P. 209 of Stamps ( February
7, 1942) illustrated 29 more. Russia did not escape his efforts, although
due to unfamiliar characters his efforts in that direction wore very small.

We have never came across any of Thomas's postmark counterfeits of
Russia or any of the other countries. Wo wish to point out that in all
instances the counterfeit cancellations were made with only one date. From
the illustrations we can see that they are very crude. On Fig. 1 (St. Peters-
burg), Fig. 2 (looks like a Russian cancellation), Fig. 3 (Moscow).
-----------------

Fig. 4 illustrates a cancellation found on a cover addressed in Turkish
& with #1l4a, Russian Offices in Turkey tied with "Port Trebizond Aug. 9 (no
year date)" and also I'Konstant-Polsk Agency, April 13, 1873" both in blue.

We also have a post card dated "17-9-16 Tientsin Russian Post" addressed
to Peschanka. The Post Card has imprinted on it "To Prisoner of War" in
Russian in black. (Fig. 5). Any information will be welcomed.
--- -----------------
W. S. E. Stephen of Scotland & author have been having a lively correa-
pondonce in reference to cancellations illustrated on Fig. 6 & 7.

Fig. 6, which although shows only a part of the cancellation and which
is on 1 kop. orange of 1884, of Russian Offices in Turkey, in black, is
undoubtedly from Ordu. Similar cancellation illustrated on Fig. 7 is from
Kerrasund. Fig. 8 illustrates the standard cancellation of Russian Company of
Trade & Navigation, the initials of which .are shown at the top of the oval.
Cane. 6 & 7 have 3 additional initials, namely "O.Z.D."

Mr. Stephen states nIt is certainly cannot be a railway post office as
neither place is serviced by railway and most certainly not during the years
1887-91. Possibly it may have some connection with a subsidiary of
Russian Company of Trade and Navigation operating an iron works in the vicinity
of either Korrasund or Ordu. Strangely enough the Ordu cancellation (Fig. 8)
of this period is rather common on Lovant stamps considering the small size
of the place. Can any one offer any suggestions as to what the last three top
letters represent. "

The last two letters uZ. D." on Russian cancellations represent the
initials of the words "Zheloznaya Doroga" or Rail Road. Possibly in this
case they have entirely different moaning.
oooooooooooooo000ooo
S#49/50 59
Page 59

	Front Cover
	Index
	Officers and representatives of...
	Photos. Society page
	President's message by A....
	Gibbons 1957 catalogue, Part...
	Fifth international philatelic...
	Revenue catalogue
	Airpost stamps of USSR overprinted...
	Polish consular post in Odessa...
	Notes on Russian offices in Turkey...
	Illustrations - regular postage...
	The regular postage stamp issues...
	Railway postmarks of Imperial Russia...
	New York section by Victor...
	Exorpts from Pall Mall Gazette-134...
	China section bulletin of city...
	Russian post in the Far East by...
	Illustrations - Russian errino...
	Russian errinophilia by E....
	Addenda to Russian troops in France,...
	Atlas of the Russian Empire
	Illustration for the articles of...
	Air post of Vladivostock - July...
	Russian Turkestan by W. S....
	Review of current Ukrainian philatelic...
	Ukraine - theatre revenue stamps...
	Russian post in Turkey by...
	Notes on Russian philately by A....
	Finlandia
	Literary review
	Interesting cancellations, etc....

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