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SAMUEL PROCTOR ORAL HISTORY PROGRAM at
the University of Florida
LUM 141A
Date: August 1, 1973
Speaker: Lew Barton
Subject: Statistical Stories
Typist: Josephine Ann Suslowicz
SIDE I
B: This is August 1, 1973. I'm Lew Barton recording for the University of Florida's
History Departments and the Doris Duke Foundation's American Indian Oral History
Program. I'm here in my home in Pembroke, North Carolina and I'm recording some
statistical stories.
The first one, by-lined by me, Lew Barton, is called Vanishing Americans on the
Come Back Trail.
When Columbus reached American shores in 1492, there were an estimated 850,000
American Indians in what is now the United States. By 1865, however, this number
had been wittled down to a mere 250,000, and it was feared that "the vanishing
American" might even become extinct. In the warnings that the original American
might become extinct were voiced by many writers and a number of statesmen.
Since that time, however, the original American has slowly begun to increase in
number. Today it is estimated that more than one million Indians reside in the
United States, and right here in Robeson County, North Carolina the trend is
definitely reversing itself--a fact gleaned from a booklet published recently
by the Robeson County Health Department called Health and Related Statistics,
Robeson County, North Carolina. I'm indebted to the department and to Reverend
Robert L. Mengam for much of the information contained in this article. Birth,
death, health, race, and politics. People are being born at a faster rate than
they are dying. A sociological fact of no small significance to sociologists
and others everywhere today who warn that unless some kind of happy balance is
achieved soon, the world may become so overpopulated as to doom us all to star-
vation, or even worse tomorrow. Added to the higher birth rate and lower death
rate is the fact that of the people born, more of them survive the rigors of the
birth process, live longer, and healthier, and thus, become serious overpopulation
LUM 141A 2
problems. But here in unique Robeson which is, in a sense, a microcosm of the
great outside world, the situation takes on a more personal, more political, and
more racial dimensions, as racial composition shifts and changes. The racial
situation in Robeson--the racial situation in Robeson today is changing dramatically,
and these changes are clearly reflected in U.S. census reports of 1960 and 1970.
Whites and Blacks are decreasing in number, though, while the Indian population
is definitely on the increase, though in modest numbers. 1960 census figures
Whites at 36,552; Blacks at 26,256; and the Indians at 26,294. 1970
census figures show 36,262 Whites, 21,876 Blacks, and 26,704 Indians. Add to
this the fact that for many decades many- Indians have surely been enumerated
as non-Indians. Now the official figure for Indians is much too low. Too, their
birth rate is higher.
Robeson's Changing Population Picture
In 1960 Robeson County had a total population of 89,102. By-1970, just ten years
later, however, the number had dropped to 84,842, representing a loss of 4,260
persons, or 4.8 per cent of the 1960 total. Since deaths in Robeson during that
period were more than offset by births, the cause of this reduction is attributed
to out-migration--out-migration in Robeson County. More Blacks than anyone
else leave Robeson County, and more Whites stay put. In the period 1960-1970 the
total out-migration for Blacks was a whopping 29.7 per cent as compared with 17,000--
excuse me--17.8 per cent for Indians, and only 9.0 per cent for Whites. In 1960
there were 36,552 Whites comprising 41 per cent of the total population, and
representing a loss of only, uh, 290 persons for the prior ten year's period. In
1970 there were 36,262 White persons representing 42 per cent--I mean 42.;7 per
cent of the population and a loss of only 0.9 per-cent during the previous
decade. In 1960 there were 2--26,294 Indians representing 29.5 per cent of the
county's population and an increase of 410 persons for a 1.6 per cent increase.
In 1970, however, there were 26,704 Indians representing 31.5 per cent of the
LUM 141A 3
county's total population, and a natural increase of 410 persons. In 1960 there
were 26,256 Blacks representing 25.8 per cent of the county's population. By
1970, however, the number had dropped to 21,876, representing 25 per cent--25.8
per cent of Robeson's population; a loss of 4,380 persons-or 16.3 per cent.
Even death _to raise here. Even death to raise in Robeson
County allotting you more years if you are an Indian, and still more years if
you are White. If you are a Black, you are low man on the totem pole and can
expect to live a considerably shorter life. In 1971 the average age at death
in Robeson was 63.8 years for White persons, 60.7 years for Indians, and 56.7
years for people of the Black race. Death rates are also graduated according
to race. In 1970, for example, it was 11.54 for White people, 10.86 for Indians,
and 14.00 for Black people. However, the average for 1970 and 1971 was 11.8
for White persons, 11.22 for Indians, and 14.32 for Blacks.
Birth Rates
As if to compensate for adverse conditions, birth rates among non-Whites in
Robeson are higher. In 1969, for example, there were 558 White births giving
that ethnic group a 15.4 birth rate and a fetal--a fertility rate of 72.9. The
same year 770 babies were born to Indian parents giving that group a birthrate
of 28.9 and a fertility rate of 132.7. In the same period there were 598 Black
births with a birth rate of 26.9 and a fertility rate of 107.9. Of these births
23 were born to unwed White mothers, 91 to unwed Indian mothers, and 240 to unwed
Black mothers. The percentage of these in that order, were 4.1 per cent, 11.8
per cent, and 40.10--excuse me--40.1 per cent.
Fetal Death Rate
In 1970 the fetal death rate in Robeson was higher among Blacks--32.0, second
highest among Indians--18.6, and lowest among Whites-16.9. In 1971 the pattern
was, uh, repeated. Blacks--35.4, Indians--15.3, and Whites--14.0.
Neo-Natal Death Rate
The most crucial--the most crucial time in a newly born child's life is the first
LUM 141A 4
28 days. Babies who die within that period are called "Neo-natal deaths."
That's-spelled N-E-0-N-A-T-A-L; neonatal deaths. Neonatal deaths by race,
Robeson County, North Carolina, 1970. Uh, during 1970 there were 641 live
White births, and 11 neonatal deaths, which gave a neonatal death rate of 17.2
for White people. In 1970 there were 696, uh, Black births with a neonatal
death numbering 12. This gives a neonatal death of 17.2 which is exactly the
same as that for, uh, White people. During 1970, however, there were 897 live
Indian births with 12 neonatal deaths giving a neonatal death rate of 13.4.
How do these compare with the totals? Well, during 1970 there were, in all,
2,234 live births. This gave an overall neonatal death rate of 15.7.
Neonatal Death by Race, Robeson County, North Carolina, 1971
During 1971 there were 631 live births among White people. Uh, there were 6
neonatal deaths giving a neonatal death rate of 9.5. There were 815 live
births among Black people, 10 of which died neonatally giving a 12.3 per cent
neonatal death rate for Black people. There were 774 Indian births, uh, live
births that is, among the Indians, and there were 17 neonatal births--I mean
neonatal deaths. That gave 22.0 per cent of neonatal deaths for Indians, which
is higher than, uh, either Blacks or Whites. All these totals added up to
2,220 and 33 neonatal deaths. Uh, so the average for all the county was 14.9
per cent.
Number of Infant Deaths by Race and Sex, Robeson County, North Carolina, 1970
Uh, let's look at the figures first of all, for Whites. Male--7, female--4,
under 28 days. 28 days to one year: 2 male, no female. Total infant deaths
among White people: 9 males; 4 females--a total of 13. For Black people
under 28 days: male 8, female 4. 28 days to one year: male 5, female one.
Total infant deaths: male 12, female 6, uh, giving a total of 18. For Indians
under 28 days: 8 male, 4 female. 28 days to one year: 5 male, 10 female.
LUM 141A 5
Gives a total of 13 male and 14 female, for a total of 27.
Overall Deaths
Under 28 days: 23 male, 12 female. 28 days to one year: 12 males, 11 females.
Total infant deaths: 34 males and 24 females. The total of all these is 58.
Number of Infant Deaths by Race and Sex, Robeson County, North Carolina, 1971
White under 28 days: 4 male, 2 female. Under 28 days: No male, one female.
Total: 4,males and 3 females. Total deaths: 7. Blacks under 28 days: 5
male, 5 female. 28 days to one year: 2 males, 3 females. Total: 7 males,
8 females. Total for all Black infant deaths: 15. Indians under 28 days: 9
males and 8 females. 28 days to one year: 2 males and 5 females. Total:
11 males, 13 females. Total deaths for Indians during the infant stage: 24.
Grand total: Under 28 days: 18 males, 15 females. 28 days to a year: 4 males,
9 females. Total infant death: 22 males, 22 females for a total of 46. Now
what was the infant death rate by race in Robeson County, North Carolina for the
year 1970? White 641 live births; deaths--13. That gives a infant death rate
of 20.3 for White people for the year 1970. Blacks: Live births: 696. Deaths:
18, giving an infant death rate of 2.9 per Indians: 897
live births, 27 deaths. Infant death rate per thousand 30.1. Total:
2,234 live births. 58 deaths. per thousand : 26.0. So, you
can see that the Indian death rate among infants is higher than anybody else.
For Whites it is 20.3, for Blacks it is 25.9, for Indians it is 30.1, and that
is also above, uh, the average for the rate for the entire county, which is 26.0.
Infant Death Rate by Race, Robeson County, North Carolina., 1971
White: 631 live births, 7 deaths, rate per thousand: 11.0. Blacks:
815 live births, 15 deaths, uh, rate per thousand __ : 18.4. Indian:
live births: 774, deaths: 24, rate per thousand : 31.0. Totals: 2220--
2,220 live births in all, 46 deaths in all, rates per thousand __ for the
entire county: 20.7.
LUM 141A 6
Reported Cases of Gonorrhea, 1969--1971, Robeson County, North Carolina
Okay, we'll take the 1971 figures first. Total number of cases: 174. Number
of cases reported to private physicians: 43. Number of these by a Dr. Burleson,
B-U-R-L-E-S-O-N: 11. Total number of cases: 138. Number of cases reported by
private physicians: 57. In 1969 the total number of cases of gonorrhea reported:
63. Number of cases reported by private physicians: 12.
Reported Cases of Gonorrhea, Robeson County, North Carolina, 1970
Age: from 0 years to 9 years no White cases, no Indian cases, no Black cases,
no total. 10 to 19 years: 2 Whites, 5 Indians, 55 Blacks; giving a total of
62 cases of reported gonorrhea in the age group 10 to 19. Now the age group
20 to 29. 4 Whites, 10 Indians, 25 Blacks. Total: 39. In the age group 30
to 39 the cases of gonorrhea reported among White people: 4, among Indians:
none, among Blacks: 6. Total: 4. In the age group 40 to 49 Whites: none,
Indians: none, BLacks: one. Total: one.
Reported Cases of Gonorrhea by Age Group, Race, and Sex, 1971, Robeson County, North
Carolina
For Blacks under 15: 2 male, 5 female. Whites under 15: no males, no females.
For Indians: no males, no females. Total: 7. Now for the age group 15
through 17. Blacks: 11 males, 18 female, Whites: no male, 3 females, Indians:
3 males, one female. Total: 36. In the age group 18 to 20: among Blacks:
16 males, 16 females, among Whites: 6 females, 2 males, among Indian: 4 male,
5 female. Total: 49. In the age group 21 to.24: White--no, this first is
Black: male-16, female--15, among Whites: 4 male, one female, among Indians:
8 male, 5 female. Others: one male. Total: 50. 50 cases of gonorrhea in
the age group 21 to 24. In the age group--in the age group 25 to 29 there
were 12 Black males, 5 Black females, one White male, one White female, 3
Indian males, one Indian female. Total: 13. 30 years or over: among Blacks:
5 males and one female, among Whites: no males, no females, among Indians: 4
LUM 141A 7
males, no females. That gives a total of ten cases for that particular age
group. For all age groups the totals are as follows: Blacks--62 males, 60
females. Whites--l1 males, 7 females. Among Indians--22 males, 12 females.
Others one. Total: 174.
Reported Cases of Gonorrhea by Sex and Race for the year 1971 in Robeson County,
North Carolina
Race: White. Number of cases: 11 male, 7 female. Total: 18. Rate: 49.0.
That's--that rate is computed at, uh, 100,000--occur at 100,000. Indian:
22 male, 12 female. Total: 34. Rate: 131.4. Black: 62 male,'60 female.
Total: 122. Rate: 551.2. Others: male--one, female--none. Total: one.
Total--this is the grand total: 96 cases for males, 79 cases for females.
Total: 175. Rate 100,000: 207.5.
Reported Cases of Gonorrhea, Robeson County, North Carolina, 1970
Age group 0 to 9: no White, no Indian, no Black, no total, no rate. For the
age group 10 to 19:' 2 Whites, 5 Indians, 55 Blacks--total: 62. Overall rate,
uh,'per thousand: 3.04. Age group 20 to 29: 4 White, 10 Indian, 25 Black,
total: 39, rate per thousand: 3.33. Age group 30 to 39: 4 White, no Indian
in that age group, Black--6. Total: 10. Rate: 1.17. Age group 40 to 49:
no Whites, no Indians, one Black. Total: one. Rate: 1.10. Total: 10 White,
15 Indian, 87 Black. Total: 112. Rate: 1.27. Now, rate per thousand:
Whites: 2.75, Indian: 5.61, Black: 39.8. Total: 127.
Reported Cases of Infectious Syphilis, Robeson County, 1970
Age group one to 9: Whites--none, Indians--none, Blacks--2. Total: 2. Age
group 10 to 19: Whites--none, Indians--none, Blacks--one. Total: one. Age
group 20 to 29: Whites--none, Indians--none, Blacks--6. Total: 6. Age group
30 to 39: Whites--none, Indians--none, Blacks--3. Total: 3.
Syphilis, 1970
No secondary syphilis reported.
LUM 141A 8
Early Latent Syphilis
Age group 0 to 9: Whites--none, Indians--none, Blacks--none. No total. Age
group 10 to 19: Whites--none, Indians--none, for in the case of Blacks, total:
one. Age group 20 to 29: no White, no Black--I mean, no White, no Indian,
Black--2, one. Total: one.
Late Latent Cases of Syphilis
Number of cases: one. Race: Black.
Reported Cases Infectious Syphilis, Robeson County, North Carolina, 1970
Age group 1--0 to 9--I'm sorry. Age group 0 to 9: Whites--none, Indians--none,
Blacks--2. Total: 2. Age group 10 to 19: Whites--none, Indians--none,
Blacks--one. Total: one. Age group 20 to 29: Whites--none, Indians--none,
Blacks--6. Total: 6. Age group 30 to 39: Whites--none, Indians--none,
Blacks--3. Total: 3. Age group 40 to 49: Whites--none, Indians--none, Blacks--
none. No total. Age group 50 to 59: Whites--none, Indians--none, Blacks--one.
Total:- one. Age group 60 to 69: Whites--none, Indians--none, Blacks--one.
Total: one. Age group 70 and over: Whites--none, Indians--none, Blacks--one,
Total: one. Total: 15 Blacks--excuse that--total: Whites--none, Indians--
none, Blacks--15. Total: 15. Okay, what's the rate for all these groups?
From 0 to 9 the rate per thousand is 9. Age group 10 to 19 the rate per thousand
is 3.2. From--for the age group 20 t6o29, uh, the rate is 39 to 6. From 30
to 39 the rate per thousand is 24.0. For the age group 40 to 49 there is no
rate. Age group 50 to 59 the rate is 1.2. From 60 to 69 the rate is 1.5. For
those over 70 the rate per thousand is 2.6. That gives--that gives a 1.7
rate.
Reported Cases Infectious Syphilis, Robeson County, North Carolina, 1971
Age group 0 to 9: Whites--none, Indians--none, Blacks--one. Total: one. Rate'
5.43. Age group 10 to 14: Whites--none, Indians--none, Blacks--one. Total: one.
Rate: 9.46. The age group 15 to 19: Whites--none, Indians--none, Blacks--5.
LUM 141A 9
Total: 5. Rate: 5.16. Age group 20 to 29: Whites--one, Indians--2, Blacks--2,
Total: 5. Rate: 4.29. 30 and over-the age group 30 and over: Whites--none,
Indians--one, Blacks--5. Total: 6. Rate: 1.75. Total: Whites--one,
Indians--3, Blacks--14. Makes a total of 18 and gives a rate per thousand of
2.13. The overall rate per thousand: Whites--2.7, Indians--l.12, Blacks--6.5.
Total: 2.13.
Reported Cases of Infectious Hepatitis, Robeson County, 1970
(Hepatitis is spelled H-E-P-A-T-I-T-I-S) Age group 0 to 9: no White cases,
19 Indian cases, 3 Black cases, makes a total of 22. Age group 10 to 19: one
White case, 8 Indian cases, 2 Black cases, makes a total of 11 cases of infectious
hepa--hepatitis. Age group 20 to 29: White cases--4, Indian cases--2, Black
cases--none. Total of 6. Age group 30 to 39: White cases--one, Indian cases--
none, Black cases--one. Total. .
SIDE II
Uh, since we were interrupted by the tape running .out on that reported cases of
infectious hepatitis, Robeson County, 1970, I think I'ld better repeat that.
In the age group 0 to 9 years there were no cases among Whites, but 19 cases
among Indians and three cases among Blacks, making a total of 22. In the age
group 10 to 19 there was one case among Whites reported, 8 cases among Indians,
2 cases among Blacks, making a total of 11 cases. In the age group of 20 to
29, uh, there were 4 cases reported among Whites, there were 2 cases reported
among Indians, no cases among Blacks, making a total of 16. In the gge group
of 30 to 39 there was one case reported among Whites, uh, no cases reported
among Indians, one case reported among Blacks, making a total of 2. Uh, none
over age 40 among Blacks, Whites, or Indians.
Hepatitis--Infectious, Robeson County, North Carolina, 1971
Age group under 15, uh, 3 cases among, uh, Black females, 2 cases among White
males, and 3 cases among Black--I mean White females, excuse me please. Among
LUM 141A 10
Indians, uh, 2 cases, both male. Total: 10. In the age group 15 to 17: Black
male--one, female--none. White--one--White male--one, White female--none. Indian
male--none, Indian female--none. Total: 3. In the age group 18 to 20: Black
males--none, Black females--none. White males--one, White females--one. Indian
males--none, Indian females--none. Total: 2. In the age group 21 to 30:
Black males--one, Black females--none. White males--one, White females--2.
Indian males--2, Indian females--none. Total: 6. Total: Black males--2,
Black females--3. White males--6, White females--8. Indian males--4, Indian
females--one. Grand Total: 24 cases.
Reported Cases Infectious Hepatitis, Robeson County, North Carolina, 1970
Age group 9 to 9: Whites--none, Blacks--3, Indians--19; total: 22. Rate per
thousand: 1.19. Age group 10 to 19: White'-one, Black--2, Indian--8; total:
11. Rate per thousand: 0.54. Age group 20 to 29: White--4, Black--none,
Indian--2; total: 6. Rate per thousand: 051. Age group 30 to 39: White--one,
Black--one, Indian--none; total: 2. Rate: .23. 40 and over: no cases reported
for either. Total: Whites--6, Blacks--6, Indians--29. Total: 41. Rate: 4.83.
Uh, those totals should not have been in percentages, uh, they-weren't rates,
they were--those were numbers. I'll repeat those numbers. 6 Whites, 6 Blacks,
29 Indians. Total number of 41. Rate per thousand was 4.83. Uh, rate per
thousand for the different races: Whites--.165. For Ind--Blacks--2.74. For
Indians it was higher than for anyone else--10.85.
New Cases--New Active Cases of Tuberculosis by Sex, Race, and Age; Robeson County,
North Carolina, 1970
There are several types of tuberculosis. One is called the primary stage, the
other is called the minimal stage, still another is called the moderate stage,
and there's the hard vent (?) stage, and the extra-pulsory stage, and the others
such as bone, jiait, so forth. So this, uh, may be a little bit complicated.
There were two cases of the primary type tuberculosis reported for males, and
LUM 141A 11
two for females. One was White; three were Black. There were no Indians. Uh,
in the age group 0 to 20 there were 4. In the age group 21 to 50 there were
none. There were no cases over 50. That makes a total of 4 cases of tuberculosis
of the primary type. The minimal type: 2 male, one female. One White, 2
Black, no Indians. In the age group 1 to 20 there were none. In the age group
21 to 50 there were 2. Uh, in the age group 50 or more there were one. That
makes a total of 3. The moderate stage of tuberculosis: there were 9 cases
male; 6 cases female. There were 6 cases among White--Whites, 8 cases among
Blacks, one case among Indians, uh, two cases reported among--among the age
group 0 to 20. 4 cases in the age group 21 to 50. 9 cases in the age group
50 and over. Making a total of 15 cases.
Tuberculosis in the Advanced--of the Advanced Type
There were 10 males, 3 females. One was White, 10 were Black, 2 were Indian. Uh,
there were 2 cases in the 0 to 20 age group, there were 5 cases in the 21 to 50 age
group, 6 cases in the 50 or over age group, giving a total of 13.
Tuberculosis--Extra-pulminary Type
There were one case--there was one case among males, no case among females. OnA
among Whites, no cases among Blacksy no cases among Indians. No cases in the age
group 0 to 20, no cases--21 to 50, one case 50 or over. Made a total of one.
Other Types of Tuberculosis--Bone, Joint, and So Forth
There were no males, 2 females. One White, one Black, no Indian. No cases in the
age group 0 to 20, no cases in the age group 21 to 50, 2 cases were in the age
group 40--I mean 50 or over. Made a total of 2.
Mediary Type Tuberculosis
No males, one female. No Indians--I mean no Whites, one Black, no Indians. No one
in the age group 0 to 20, uh, one in the age group 21 to 50, none in the age
group 50 or better. Made a total of one case.
LUM 141A 12
Reactivation Cases of Tuberculosis
One male, no female. No Whites, No Blacks, one Indian. No one in the age group
0 to 20, no one in the age group 21 to 50, one in the age group 50 and over.
Made a total of one. Totals: 25 males, 15 females. 11 cases were White,
25 cases were Black, only 4 cases, uh, were Indian, and there was 8--there were
8 cases in the age group 0 to 20. There were 12 cases, uh, in-the age group
21 to 50. There were 20 in the age group 50 and over. Made a total of 40 cases.
New Active Cases of Tuberculosis by Sex, Race and Age, Robeson County, North Carolina,
1971
A case--primary cases: there were 2 males, 2 females. None were White, one was
Black, 3 were Indians. There were 3 in the age group 0 to 20. None in the age
group 21 to 50, one in the age group 50 or over, making a total of 4 cases of
primary tuberculosis.
Minimal Cases of Tuberculosis
(That's M-I-N-I-M-A-L) 4 males, one female. One White, 2 Black, 2 Indian.
None in the age group 0 to 20, 3 in the age group 21 to 50, uh, 2 in the age
group 50 and over. Total: 5.
Moderate Cases
70 males--I mean 7 males and 3 females. 3 were White, 5 were Black, 2 were Indian.
2 were in the age group 0 to 20, 4 were in the age group 21 to 50, 4 were in the
age group 50 and over. Gave a total of 10 cases.
Far Advanced Cases of Tuberculosis
11 males, 4 females. 3 were White, 8 were Black, and 4 were Indian. In the age
group of 0 to 20 there were 2, in the age group 21 to 50 there were 6, in the
age group 50 or over there were 7, which made a grand--a total number of cases
of 15.
Extra-pulminary Cases
One male, no female. No White, one Black, no Indian. One in the age group 0 to 20,
LUM 141A 13
none in the age group 21 to 50, none in the age group 50 or over. Made a total
of one.
Other: Bone, J6int, and so Forth
No males, no females. No cases.
Unexplained Pluracy
3 males, one male--one female. No Whites, 3 Blacks, one Indian. No one in the
age group 1 to 20. one in the age group 21 to 50, 3 in the age group 50 or over.
Made a total of 4.
Reactivation
4 male, no female. One White, 2 Black, one Indian. No one in the age group 0
to 20, no one in the age group 21 to 50, 4 in the age group 50 and over. Made a
total of 4. All right now, for the totals: 32 males, 11 females. 8 Whites,
22 Blacks, 13 Indians. 8 in the age group 0 to 20, 14 in the age group 21 to 50,
21 in the age group 50 and over. Made a total of 43 cases for the year 1971.
Rank--Rank from Highest Rate to Lowest by County, North Carolina for Selected Events
Related to Health. Counties of Region in North Carolina for the Year 1970
Birth rate in Scotland County for Whitesfis 9, for non-Whites--ll. In Hoke County
for Whites, the birth rate is 14, for non-Whites it's 10. In Robeson County
for Whites the birth rate is 32; non-Whites--4. Uh, Bladen County: Whites--59,
non-Whites--76. There seems to be something wrong with that, but this is the way
it is. Premature births among Whites in Scotland County is 39. Among non-Whites
it's 71. In Hoke County for Whites it's 35; for non-Whites it's 57. In Robeson
for Whites it's 63; among non-Whites it's 80. Bladen Countyt- among Whites it's
85; among non-Whites--87. Out of Wedlock cases: Scotland County: Whites--10,
non-Whites--23. Hope County: Whites--18, non-Whites--26. Robeson: Whites--35,
non-Whites--76. Bladen County: Whites--56, non-Whites--33. Fetal deaths:
Scotland: White--84, non-White--68. Hoke County: White--88, non-White--22.
Robeson County: White--30, non-White--40. Bladen County: White--70, non-White--
18. Neonatal deaths in Scotland County: Whites--57, non-Whites--42. Hoke County:
LUM 141A 14
Whites--10, non-Whites--78. Robeson County: Whites--44, non-Whites--71.
Bladen County: Whites--16, non-Whites--17. Paranatal deaths in Scotland
County: Whites--80, non-Whites--53. Hoke County: Whites--22, non-Whites--85.
Robeson County: Whites--28, non-Whites--64. Bladen County: Whites--26, non-
Whites--42. Postnatal deaths in Scotland County: Whites--9, non-Whites--23.
Hoke County: Whites--86, non-Whites--46. Robeson County: White--65, non-
White--38. Bladen County: White--ll, non-White--68. Infant deaths Scotland
County: White--29, 18Sebland County: non-White--33. Hoke County: White--20,
75 non-White. Robeson County: White--22, non-White--61. Bladen County: White--
15, non-White--74.
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