Geologic descriptions of selected exposures in Florida

STATE OF FLORIDA
DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
Tom Gardner, Executive Director

DIVISION OF RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Jeremy A. Craft, Director

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Walter Schmidt, State Geologist and Chief

SPECIAL PUBLICATION NO. 30
GEOLOGIC DESCRIPTIONS OF SELECTED EXPOSURES IN FLORIDA

By
Richard A. Johnson

Published for the

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Tallahassee
1989

UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA LIBRARIES

DEPARTMENT
OF
NATURAL RESOURCES

BOB MARTINEZ
Governor

Jim Smith
Secretary of State

Tom Gallagher
State Treasurer

Bob Butterworth
Attorney General

Gerald Lewis
State Comptroller

Betty Castor
Commissioner of Education

Doyle Conner
Commissioner of Agriculture

Tom Gardner
Executive Director

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

Florida Geological Survey
June 1989

Governor Bob Martinez, Chairman
Florida Department of Natural Resources
Tallahassee, Florida 32301

Dear Governor Martinez:

The Florida Geological Survey, Division of Resource Management, Department of Natural Resources,
is publishing as its Special Publication No. 30, Geologic Descriptions of Selected Exposures in Florida,
prepared by Richard A. Johnson, Professional Geologist. This report provides information about important
water- and mineral-bearing rock units which can be used by geologists, hydrologists and the citizens of
Florida in understanding and identifying the natural resources of the State.

Respectfully yours,

Walter Schmidt, Ph.D., P.G.
State Geologist and Chief
Florida Geological Survey

Printed for the
Florida Geological Survey

Tallahassee
1989

ISSN 0085-0640

iv

Table of Contents

Page

Acknowledgements .................................................................................................... vii

Abstract ................................. ................................................................................ viii

Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1

Purpose ...................................................................................................................... 2

Methods ................................................................................. ............................ 2

Outcrop Location Systems...................................................... ................................ 3

Panhandle Zone Stratigraphy ....................................................... .......................... 3

Panhandle Outcrops .................................... ................................................... 10
1. South Magnolia Bluff............................................ .... .. ............. ........... 10
2. Old Quarry and Stream North of Jay ......................................... ........ 14
3. Oak Grove on Yellow River...................................................................... 18
4. Natural Bridge ............................ ................ ........................................ 21
5. Shell Bluff on Shoal River......................................... ........ ..... ......... 24
6. Godwin Bridge on Shoal River .............................................. ................ 28
7. Big Swam p Creek Bridge .............................. ..................... .................. 32
8. Alaqua Roadcut S-278............................................................................. 35
9. Eucheeanna Roadcut S-280............................................. ..................... 39
10. Red Bay ........................................................ ......... ............................. 43
11. North Marianna-C.R.-167 Roadcut................................... ............................... 47
12. Marianna Type Section............................................. ... ................. 51
13. W est Jim W oodruff Dam ................................. ........ ............. .............. 55
14. East Jim W oodruff Dam-Type Chattahoochee........................... ........... 59
15. Ten-M ile Creek ................................................... ....... .......................... 64
16. Alum Bluff...................................................... ........ ............................... 67
17. Estiffanulga Bluff ...................................................... ................. ........ 73
18. Jackson Bluff.................................................... ........ ............................ 76
19. Big Dismal Sink................................................. ........ ........................... 81
20. Gopher Sink................................ ............................... ........... ......... 85
21. Sopchoppy River Bridge....................................... ... ....... ............ 89
22. C-259 Roadcut........................................ ........ ................................. 94

North Peninsula Zone Stratigraphy ................................................... .................. 97

North Peninsula Outcrops.......................................................................................... 100
23. Bluff Cem etery .......................................................................................... 100
24. Ellaville, Old U. S. 90 Bridge...................................................................... 103
25. Brooks Sink................................................................................................. 107
26. Devil's M ill Hopper Sink.............................................................................. 114
27. Nashua-St. Johns River.............................................................................. 121
28. Anastasia State Recreation Area .............................................................. 125
29. Ocala National Forest Pit............................................................................ 129

30. Lady Lake Pit ........................................ .................................... ........... 132
31. Rock Springs............................................................................................. 135
32. Cross Florida Barge Canal and U. S. 19/98 .................................. .......... 139

South Peninsula Zone Stratigraphy .......................................................................... 142

South Peninsula Outcrops ........................................................................................ 145
33. C-54 and South Babcock............................................................................ 145
34. Blowing Rocks ............................................................................................ 148
35. North Denaud Bridge....................................... ........................... 151
36. LaBelle Picnic Area..................................................................................... 155
37. M ile M arker 10 Alligator Alley..................................................................... 159
38. Le Jeune and Sunset/Coral Gables Canal............................................... 162
39. W indley Key Quarry ........................................... ...................................... 165
40. Blue Hole .................................................................................................... 168

References ........................................................................................................... 171

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

1 Lithologic patterns utilized in the computer-generated graphics.............. 4

2 Outcrop Township-Range location system ................................ ............ 5

3 Locations of outcrops described and numbered in this report,
Panhandle Zone ......................................................... ......................... 6

4 Locations of outcrops described and numbered in this report, North
Peninsular Zone................................................ ...... .......................... 98

5 Locations of outcrops described and numbered in this report, South
Peninsular Zone........................................................................................ 143

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The author thanks all those members of the staff of the Florida Geological Survey including Tom Scott,
Ken Campbell, Jackie Lloyd and Paulette Bond, whose many suggested changes in the format and content
of this report have resulted in an especially useful volume. The author thanks Walt Schmidt, State Geologist
and Chief, Florida Geological Survey, for the original idea for the project. The author is especially indebted
to Jackie Lloyd and Jon Authur for the computer work which was essential for the completion of this
publication. Also thanked are Cindy Collier for data entry and Jim Jones and Ted Kiper for graphic work
on the figures.

ABSTRACT

Forty outcrops were lithologically and stratigraphically described, diagrammed and subdivided into their
respective geologic formations. The outcrops were selected for inclusion in this report on the basis of their
stratigraphic significance, outcrop quality, thickness of exposure and accessibility. These outcrops are
presented relative to their location within one of three geographic zones. The stratigraphic units described
range from Middle Eocene to Holocene in age. Thicknesses of the outcrops range from 3 feet to 122 feet.
Samples were collected from each bed or lens within each outcrop and briefly described in the field.
The samples were then analyzed in the laboratory using a binocular microscope (10 to 45 power) and
compared with the field descriptions. The descriptions were modified to reflect the better level of scrutiny
possible at the higher magnifications. The outcrop descriptions were computer-coded and printed out for
the text descriptions used in the report, as were the graphics.

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

GEOLOGIC

DESCRIPTIONS OF SELECTED EXPOSURES
IN FLORIDA

By
Richard A. Johnson, P.G. #60

INTRODUCTION
The recorded history of geology in Florida begins
early in the 19th Century when Finch (1823) ex-
tended a "Calcaire Ostree" into the panhandle of
Florida from South Carolina, to Georgia, and into
Alabama. He mentioned St. Marks, now in Wakulla
County, as one place the unit was seen. It was
composed of loose shells or shells with low matrix
content, sometimes termed a shell marl. The unit
was composed mainly of large oysters and was
named for a shell bed near Tours, France. He
stated that the unit existed in an area 600 miles
long, 10 to 100 miles in width and 300 feet in thick-
ness, but specifically mentioned only the one lo-
cation in Florida where it had actually been seen.
The first statewide consideration of the geology
of Florida was by Dall and Harris (1892) in which
the "Neocene" (Neogene of present terminology)
of Florida was detailed. Many units still recognized
today were mentioned in their report, such as the
"Ocala limestone," "Hawthorne," "Chipola marl,"
and "Caloosahatchie beds." At this early date, little
reliable stratigraphic data were available and there-
fore the names used in 1892 do not necessarily
correspond to the sediment packages included in
the formations of the same names today. Also, only
a rudimentary idea of the lithologic complexity of
the geology of Florida existed at that time.
Matson and Clapp (1909) published a summary
of the geology of Florida and proposed a
stratigraphic framework. This report was the first
comprehensive stratigraphic report published by
the Florida Geological Survey, two years after its
establishment. The authors recognized that the
geology of the state is "so complicated and diverse
that few people... have even a fair idea of the
character, sequence and significance of the
strata." This report was done in cooperation with
the U. S. Geological Survey, of which Clapp was
an employee.
Sellards (1919) wrote a "Review of the Geology
of Florida," in which he summarized the stratigra-
phy of the state. His revised stratigraphic column
was based upon studies undertaken by the Florida
Geological Survey, and other agencies and indi-

viduals working on the geology of the state since
the previous comprehensive study in 1909.
Cooke and Mossom's 1929 report, "Geology of
Florida," was published by the Florida Geological
Survey, again in cooperation with the U. S. Geo-
logical Survey. By this date, the essential outline
of the geology and stratigraphy of Florida was in
place. Although the report was still based upon only
surficial exposures, many additional outcrops had
been located. Also, for the first time, access to
many commercial pits and quarries helped to ex-
pand the number of exposures available for study.
The report also included a "Local Details" section
for each formation considered. This section gave
specific outcrop location and stratigraphic infor-
mation for each county in which the formation was
known to exist. Lists of fossil species found at se-
lected outcrops were also included.
Cooke (1945) revised and updated the previous
work of Cooke and Mossom (1929) incorporating
new subsurface information from well cuttings and
cores (primarily deep oil tests) and many paleon-
tological studies. Ancient sea level fluctuations
were surmised and these data were used in dis-
cussing the geology of Florida.
Cooke (1945) included much information from
Applin and Applin (1944) in which several Cenozoic
subsurface formations were described and named.
The Applin and Applin (1944) report was essentially
a regional microfaunal study of the carbonate sec-
tion, and the formations so named would now be
considered biostratigraphic zones.
Puri and Vernon (1959) published a statewide
summary of the stratigraphy of Florida. It included
a stratigraphic system which elevated the Eocene
age Ocala limestone to a group and which subdi-
vided the Miocene section into a series of age-
related facies. The subdivisions of the Ocala group
were also largely biostratigraphic zones; however,
the Late Eocene faunizones and the Miocene fa-
cies were considered formations. These changes
in the stratigraphic system for Florida were mostly
the result of investigations by Puri (1953, 1957).
In Puri and Vernon (1959), sections for one or
more selected outcrops were given for each for-

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

mation. Great emphasis was placed upon both mol-
luskan and foraminiferal biostratigraphy and long
faunal lists were given for many formations. Their
report was updated in 1964 (Puri and Vernon,
1964) as a report of the same name (Summary of
The Geology of Florida and a Guidebook to the
Classic Exposures), but with more data and revi-
sions of the stratigraphy. Terminology in the pres-
ent report follows the conventions used in
Braunstein, Huddlestun and Biel (1988) which fol-
lows the Code of Stratigraphic Nomenclature
(North American Commission on Stratigraphic No-
menclature, 1983).

PURPOSE
Considerable geologic and stratigraphic re-
search has been done since 1964, when the last
comprehensive, statewide survey of the geology
and outcrops of Florida was published. Some pre-
viously excellent outcrops and exposures have be-
come weathered, eroded, covered, or lost. On the
other hand, many new exposures have become
available, such as in now-abandoned quarries or
in new roadcuts and canal cuts. This study was
undertaken for the purposes of incorporating now
available exposures in a comprehensive record of
Florida's best geologic outcrops; to maintain a stra-
tigraphic record of these exposures for historical
purposes; and to provide a compilation of these
descriptions as they relate to the geology of Florida.

METHODS
Forty outcrops were described lithologically and
stratigraphically. The outcrops consist of 7 types
of exposures: 1) roadcuts, 2) sinkholes, 3) stream
and river bluffs, 4) canal cuts, 5) inactive quarries,
6) ocean wave-cut cliffs and 7) spring exposures.
The outcrops were selected for inclusion in the re-
port on the basis of several criteria: geographic
spread, stratigraphic significance, presence of
characteristic lithologies, outcrop quality, accessi-
bility, and thickness of exposure. Stratigraphic units
described range in age from the Middle Eocene
Avon Park Formation to Holocene undifferentiated
sediments. Outcrop thicknesses exposed and de-
scribed range from 3 feet for the section at Blue
Hole (Outcrop 40) to 122 feet at Alum Bluff (Out-
crop 16). Each outcrop was visited for this report
and an in-field, bed-by-bed, lithologic description

was made utilizing 10- and 20-power hand lenses.
A generous, representative sample of each bed
was collected and labeled. Upon return to the lab-
oratory, the infield descriptions were checked and
revised by re-examining the dried samples under
a binocular microscope with a range of magnifi-
cation from 10- to 45-power. Frequently used were
such items as descriptive aids (grain size charts
and slides), dilute hydrochloric acid (for both etch-
ing of specimens and carbonate composition de-
termination), as well as washing of the specimens
to allow better scrutiny of the clean surface. The
base of the outcrop was the datum from which all
measurements were taken. Where the base is a
river or sinkhole lake, the water level can change
and either expose additional beds or cover beds
included in the description. Most outcrops in this
report were described at low-water level so that the
maximum thickness of each section was available.
The bed-by-bed lithologic descriptions were
computer coded for entry and storage in the Florida
Geological Survey data base. Information coded
for each outcrop includes outcrop number, county,
section, township, range and latitude-longitude lo-
cations, total thickness described, elevation of the
top of the outcrop (land surface), outcrop name,
and stratigraphic units present.
Data coded for each bed includes height above
datum (base of outcrop), rock type, color, type of
porosity, rock characteristics (grain size and type),
induration, cement or matrix type, accessory min-
erals present, other features present, and general
fossils present. Comments may be entered after
each lithologic description to provide greater un-
derstanding of the bed. Utilizing the computer cod-
ing method allows standardization and easy
retrieval of the lithologic descriptions. Where more
than one lithology is given for a bed, the bed con-
sists of either a mixture of both lithologies with the
primary lithology given first, or it consists of one
lithology grading laterally into others.
The stratigraphic descriptions are printed by
computer providing a standardized format with the
deepest or stratigraphically lowest bed listed first.
Pertinent identity and location information is in-
cluded for each outcrop. The computer programs
used for data entry and printout were modified from
the Well Log Data System by GeoLogic Information
Systems, Inc.
The outcrop graphic sections in this report are
also computer generated. The graphics program
(STRATCOL) prints the lithology for each bed using

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

a specific pattern for each listed lithology. In ad-
dition, bed thickness and relative resistance to
weathering are shown. Figure 1 shows the lithol-
ogic patterns utilized in the computer-generated
graphics. Beds less than 1/2 foot in thickness are
not shown by this graphical method. In addition,
the scales vary from column to column.
Secondary lithologies are selected by the com-
puter based on the percentages of accessory min-
erals present and weighting factors based on the
relative importance of one accessory mineral over
another.
The outcrops are ordered and numbered ac-
cording to location, with number one being in the
western panhandle and number forty in the south-
ern Keys. Location maps precede each section in
the report. In addition, the state is divided into three
zones: panhandle, north peninsula, and south pen-
insula. This report discusses the outcrops grouped
by zone. For each zone, a short introduction dis-
cusses the stratigraphy as shown in the outcrops.
Active quarries were not included because the
section in such quarries is continually changing
and, given the discontinuous lithologic nature of
many formations in Florida, a detailed outcrop de-
scription obtained at one time may not be appli-
cable once a new section is exposed. All samples
collected are available for inspection at the Florida
Geological Survey, M-series collection, 903 W.
Tennessee Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32304-
7795. Many of the outcrops described in this report
occur on private property. Before crossing any
fence, passing through any gate, or otherwise tres-
passing on private property, always obtain prior
permission from the landowner.

OUTCROP LOCATION SYSTEMS
The location of each outcrop is given in two
forms: the rectangular system of township, range,
section, quarter, and quarter-of-quarter, and the
standard latitude-longitude system using degrees,
minutes and seconds. In the rectangular system,
the basic rectangle is the Township which is 6 miles
on each side and contains 36 square miles. It is
consecutively measured by tiers both north and
south of the Tallahassee Baseline. The basic rec-
tangle is also measured east and west of the Prin-
cipal Meridian, a north-south line that also passes
through Tallahassee. Thus any one particular rec-
tangle would be designated as TxS, RyE (or TxN,

or RyW) where x and y are the particular tier num-
bers of that rectangle. Each Township is equally
divided into 36 one-square-mile blocks called sec-
tions which are numbered 1 to 36 (as shown on
Figure 2). The sections are divided into quarters
with the quarters labeled a through d (as shown on
Figure 2). In turn, each of these quarter sections
is divided into quarters with these quarter-of-
quarter squares labeled a through d in the same
manner. The a through d designation of quarters
may be carried to any extent considered useful.
The latitude-longitude system measures the dis-
tance a locality is from the equator (latitude, north
and south) and from the Prime Meridian (longitude,
east and west) as related to the radius and cur-
vature of the earth. The Prime Meridian extends
north-south through Great Britain. One degree is
roughly 60 miles at the earth's surface at the lati-
tude of Florida. Each degree is subdivided into 60
minutes and each minute is subdivided into 60 sec-
onds. Thus the location of an outcrop is given by
two series of numbers, one for latitude and one for
longitude, as for example, 30007'45" North Latitude
and 84o29'32" East Longitude. This system spec-
ifies a point on a map rather than a small square,
as with the rectangular system.

PANHANDLE ZONE STRATIGRAPHY
In this report, the Panhandle Zone consists of
the area encompassed by those counties west of
and including Jefferson County (Figure 3). In gen-
eral, the northern portion of the area is at a greater
elevation. The highest elevation located in Florida
is found near Lakewood, Walton County, with an
elevation of 345 feet above mean seal level (MSL).
The formations generally dip and thicken to the
south and southwest toward the Gulf of Mexico. In
general, there is a greater proportion of carbonate
lithologies in the downdip region. However, most
of the outcrops occur in the northern, higher ele-
vation region of the zone where there is also
greater relief. In this zone, twenty-two outcrops
which expose eight formations are described.
The oldest formation exposed in the outcrops
described in this report from the Panhandle Zone
is the Lower Oligocene Marianna Limestone. It con-
sists of soft, white to light gray calcilutite with abun-
dant large foraminifera (Lepidocyclina sp.). The
Marianna is exposed in Outcrops 11 and 12, Jack-
son County. Named by Matson and Clapp (1909),

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

00 0 0
:': '::' '~ : .- .=-

;o3-::..oC ;.0
a0a00

i

.1.

'*'+ t*-.'t*'
9, : .4 .I

.... z.
'''' .: .:9

'i-' ''-'-
i L .L 1

,I..Lj .L:-1..4
'l'l-j'l:''"

U',-.Ly-' ',yV-j

L~i

organic-rich
rich sand

phosphatic
sand

llmonltic
sand

crossbedded
sand

phosphatic
clayey
sand

i my
sand

Ilmy
shelly
sand

sandstone

silty
sand

fine
sand

medium
sand

coarse
sand

gravel
beds

clayey
sand

clay

sandy
clay

4----4-- ---
.......--t ------
4- . .....
....s........

L*ATA.lTA?3Sly
. 77

*1

0 0 0

Il '1! h

zfc
i i ',-

*rSBS

Mi'ss'-

I ll ll
r.S%
v~:
^i
1^11r~~r

dolomite

dolosllt

sandy
dolostone

phosphatic
sandy
dolostone
phosphatic
sandy clayey
dolostone

coquina

unconsolidated
shell beds

consolidated
shell beds

sandy
shell
beds

Figure 1. Lithologic patterns utilized in the computer-generated graphics.

phosphatic
sandy
clay

limy
clay

covered

calcllutltic
limestone

gralnstone
limestone

oolitic
limestone

glauconltic
limestone

clayey
limestone

phosphatic
sandy
limestone

moldic
limestone

dolomitic
limestone

sandy
limestone

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

FLORIDA BASE LINE

W-8
6543-21

> 7 8 9 10 11 12
O
z
a.

6 5 4 3 2 1

7 8 9 10 11 12

-e 18 17 16 15 14 13

cn 19 20 21 22 23 24
z

O 30 29 28 27 26 25
I--

31 32 33 34 35 36

RANGE 3 WEST

181 T4S-R3W-SEC. 24ba

-a b-
c d c d

a b a b
-c-- d
c d c d

SECTION 24

Figure 2. Outcrop Township-Range location system.
(from Rupert and Spencer, 1988).

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

co
co

NN

00
z

w _.1
o a)

2J a-

SYZ
w L
< c

Cu

w 0

0

a)

Cu
oD - m
V
/ Cu
*
S/ / *"'
0y0

-T)0
\ 0__ 00
\ 0,- Cu
Yfl -1

-' ---- 0
Cu
A )
^.. / \ .0

>1 _-J

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

this formation is underlain by the Upper Eocene
Ocala Group and is overlain by the Upper Oligo-
cene Suwannee Limestone. Exposures of the Mar-
ianna Limestone are found only in Holmes and
Jackson Counties in Florida. The type locality de-
scribed by Puri and Vernon (1964) is the roadcut
and Chipola River bank at the U. S. 90 bridge over
the river at the eastern city limits of Marianna, Jack-
son County. This outcrop is shown in this report as
Outcrop 12; however, the lower portion of the cut
was not exposed when described.
Above the Marianna Limestone is the Upper Oli-
gocene Suwannee Limestone. The Suwannee was
named by Cooke and Mansfield (1936) for lime-
stone exposures along the Suwannee River be-
tween Ellaville and White Springs (in the North
Peninsula Zone of the present report). The Su-
wannee consists of unrecrystallized to recrystal-
lized, foraminiferal and molluskan, yellow to tan,
calcarenitic limestone or dolostone. In the Pan-
handle Zone, the rock typically contains abundant
Lepidocyclina sp. and is composed of fine grained,
soft to very hard dolostone. The Suwannee is ov-
erlain by the Chattahoochee or St. Marks Forma-
tions and is underlain by the Marianna Limestone
or the Ocala Group (undifferentiated). Outcrops 4,
11, and 12 show the Suwannee Limestone in this
area. Outcrops 11 and 12 also show the Suwan-
nee-Marianna contact.
Above the Suwannee are the Lower Miocene St.
Marks and Chattahoochee Formations as defined
by Puri (1953). Both are Early Miocene in age. The
St. Marks, as used in the present report, consists
of white, hard, very slightly to abundantly sandy,
calcilutitic limestone with common blebs and len-
ses of green clay. Fossils generally found within
the formation are molds of mollusks and the fora-
minifera Archaias sp. and Sorites sp. The St. Marks
is exposed in Outcrops 19, 20, and 21. The St.
Marks is overlain by the Hawthorn Group (undif-
ferentiated) and is underlain by the Suwannee
Limestone. The type area is given by Puri and Ver-
non (1964) as "The Swirl," a crescent-shaped sink-
hole south of Crawfordville, Wakulla County. This
outcrop was visited for the present study, but it was
very poorly exposed and is located on private prop-
erty. Puri and Vernon (1964) state that Finch (1823)
was the first to use the term "St. Marks limestone,"
but a careful reading of that work reveals that Finch
termed his formation the "Calcaire Ostree" and
stated that one location at which it was exposed
was in the vicinity of St. Marks, Florida.

The name Chattahoochee was first used by
Langdon (1889) as a group term. The present
usage of Chattahoochee Formation is as defined
by Puri and Vernon (1964). They state that the type
locality is the section exposed along the Jim Wood-
ruff Dam access road on the east side of the dam,
Outcrop 14 in the present paper.
The Chattahoochee is composed of tan to white,
sandy (fine to very fine quartz), calcilutitic dolo-
stone with lenses and blebs of green clay and only
thin beds or zones of molluskan moldic porosity. It
is typically unfossiliferous except for these thin
beds; however, scattered Archaias sp. and Sorites
sp. are also present. Thin beds of limestone as well
as soft, argillaceous dolostone are commonly pres-
ent. Poag (1972) described the basal Chattahoo-
chee as possibly Oligocene in age on the basis of
foraminifers also found in the Chickasawhay For-
mation and Suwannee Limestone to the west. The
Chattahoochee is exposed in Outcrops 13, 14, 19
and 20. The Chattahoochee and St. Marks For-
mations are underlain by the Suwannee Limestone
and are overlain by the Hawthorn Group, Torreya
Formation or by Alum Bluff Group (undifferentiated)
sediments.
Scott (1988a) and Huddlestun (1988) raised the
Hawthorn to Group status. The Hawthorn Group
(Torreya Formation) in the Panhandle Zone con-
sists of an upper zone of sand and clay with thin
limestone beds and a lower zone of sandy lime-
stone. The clay in the upper unit can be either a
pure, low specific gravity, "fullers earth" clay or a
sandy to organic-rich, impure clay. The Torreya
Formation exists in the Panhandle Zone east of the
Apalachicola River and is exposed in Outcrops 18
and 19. It is overlain by the Citronelle, Jackson Bluff
or Miccosukee Formations and is underlain by the
Chattahoochee or St. Marks Formations. In this
zone, the Torreya Formation is Lower Miocene. In
one small area, (west Wakulla County), several
authors (Scott, 1988a; Banks and Hunter, 1973)
have described a Sopchoppy Member of the Tor-
reya Formation consisting of sandy limestone and
dolomitic sand. The member is exposed only along
the Sopchoppy River in Wakulla County.
The Alum Bluff Group (undifferentiated) sedi-
ments were deposited from the Lower Miocene
through the Upper Miocene. They consist of green
to blue to brown quartz sand with clay matrix and
some discrete beds of clay. Altered and unaltered
mollusks are found in a matrix of sand or clay in
discrete beds within the unit. Mollusk molds are

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

found throughout most of the unit. The Alum Bluff
Group (undifferentiated) sediments lie above the
Chattahoochee or St. Marks Formations and below
the Jackson Bluff, Citronelle or Miccosukee For-
mations and are exposed in Outcrops 3, 5-10, 15
and 16. Puri and Vernon (1964) separated the sed-
iments included in this report as the Alum Bluff
Group (undifferentiated) into several "formations"
and two "stages." These are discussed below.
Most of this discussion is adapted from Puri and
Vernon (1964). For a comprehensive historical dis-
cussion of the Alum Bluff, see Schmidt and Clark
(1980) and Schmidt (1984).
The Alum Bluff Stage was defined as repre-
senting the Middle Miocene in the north Gulf Coast.
In this area Puri and Vernon (1964) included the
following units deposited during that time. The Chi-
pola Formation at its type locality (along the Chi-
pola River) is blue-gray to orange-yellow,
fossiliferous limestone or clayey shell beds, both
containing abundant mollusks. The Shoal River
Formation is composed of clay and "marl" beds
with the type locality at Shell Bluff, Walton County,
along the Shoal River (Outcrop 5). The lithology is
predominantly green-gray, micaceous, quartz sand
or silt with sand size, black, heavy minerals and
either molds of or unaltered mollusks. The Whites
Creek beds are considered to represent the middle
member of the Shoal River Formation. The unit
consists of blue to gray to brown, quartz sand to
marl with casts of mollusks. The type section is
exposed in a gully near Whites Creek, Walton
County (downslope from Outcrop 9, Eucheeanna
Roadcut). The Oak Grove sand is considered the
lower member of the Shoal River Formation. It con-
sists of green-gray shell marl. All of these units
deposited during the Middle Miocene were differ-
entiated on the basis of micro- and macrofossil
faunas and implied age, not lithology, and are not
utilized for this report.
Also included in the Alum Bluff Group (undiffer-
entiated) of the present report are the sediments
referred to by Puri and Vernon (1964) as Chocta-
whatchee Stage (Upper Miocene). Again, all of
these units were biofacies or faunizones, not for-
mations in the present lithostratigraphic use of the
term. The Red Bay Formation, the name given to
the Arca faunizone, consists of gray to green-gray
to blue-gray, sandy and clayey shell marl exposed
at Red Bay, Walton County (Outcrop 10). The Yel-
low River Formation consists of the Yoldia fauni-
zone, composed of blue to green-gray, micaceous,

molluskan, quartz sand and clay. The type locality
is located on a farm in Walton County, many miles
removed from the Yellow River, which is located in
Okaloosa County. Puri and Vernon (1964) included
the Jackson Bluff Formation within the Upper Mio-
cene. For these authors, the Jackson Bluff was
composed of the Ecphora faunizone and the Can-
cellaria faunizone. The Ecphora faunizone was
composed of slightly argillaceous, carbonaceous,
green-gray, quartz sand or shell marl with molds
of or unaltered mollusks. The Cancellaria fauni-
zone consisted of fine to coarse, argillaceous,
quartz sand and sandy shell marl.
The Jackson Bluff Formation (now considered
Upper Pliocene) is composed of abundant, unal-
tered shell material in a matrix of soft, quartz-sandy
calcilutite to hard, recrystallized limestone. Scat-
tered phosphate grains are also present. To the
west, this lithology varies to abundantly shelly
quartz sand with some phosphate grains and in-
corporated nodules or small zones of hard lime-
stone or dolostone. The formation was named by
Puri and Vernon (1964) who designated and de-
scribed the type section at Jackson Bluff, on the
east bank of the Ochlockonee River, western Leon
County. The Jackson Bluff Formation is exposed
in its type section in Outcrop 18 and the shelly sand
lithology is exposed in Outcrop 16.
The Citronelle Formation (Upper Pliocene) was
named by Matson (1916) for an outcrop in Ala-
bama. He also traced the unit into western Florida.
The formation is composed of orange to red to
yellow sand and clay with quartz pebble beds. It is
exposed in Outcrops 1, 2, 4, 8, 9, and 16 and 17.
It lies on top of the Alum Bluff Group (undifferen-
tiated) west of the Apalachicola River or the Tor-
reya Formation, Hawthorn Group, in the western
portion of Gadsden County where it merges into
the Miccosukee Formation to the east. It underlies
undifferentiated surficial sediments.
The Miccosukee Formation is similar to the Ci-
tronelle Formation in lithology, stratigraphy and
age. The Miccosukee as exposed in Outcrops 18
and 22, has a finer average grain size than the
Citronelle and typically shows a mottled or laminar
and veined appearance unlike the Citronelle For-
mation. These sedimentary structures are typically
composed of relatively pure kaolinitic clay. In con-
trast, the Citronelle is usually more massively bed-
ded sand with distinctly and thickly interbedded
clay. Hendry and Yon (1967) named the Micco-
sukee for exposures located in Jefferson County,

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

near Monticello. They stated that it was Upper Mio-
cene, although the formation is now considered
Upper Pliocene based upon correlation with the
Citronelle Formation and its stratigraphic relation-
ship with the Jackson Bluff Formation.
The sediments exposed at the surface through-
out the panhandle overlying the formations men-
tioned above consist of undifferentiated quartz
sand. The sand is usually unconsolidated, tan to
gray, and varies from several inches to about 20
feet in thickness. In many places, this sand was
derived from the weathering and/or erosion of the
Citronelle or Miccosukee Formations or the Alum
Bluff sediments.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

OUTCROP 1
South Magnolia Bluff
Escambia County
Citronelle Formation
The outcrop is a bluff in Bay Bluffs Park owned
by the City of Pensacola, near the southernmost
point in the park. This outcrop is characterized by
an excellent vertical exposure, a great thickness
exposed, and easy accessibility. It is one of the
thickest natural exposures of Citronelle Formation
and one of the highest natural bluffs in the state.
Cooke and Mossom (1929) described a section
with 69 feet of Citronelle Formation exposed to the
top of a bluff located in the general area of this
section. In their 1929 section, the lower 13 feet of
the section was covered. At present, this section
exposes thin, surficial sand (bed 13) on top of the
Citronelle Formation (beds 1-12). The lower 13 feet
of the bluff remains covered. Since there are no
thick clay beds exposed here, this outcrop cannot
be considered typical of the Citronelle Formation
in the Florida panhandle (W. Schmidt, Florida Geo-
logical Survey, personal communication, 1985).

T2S, R29W, S02, D
Pensacola Quadrangle
The thin clay bed (bed 3) is very similar to a much-
thicker bed exposed in the Citronelle Formation in
Outcrop 2, near Jay, Santa Rosa County. Lithol-
ogies of all beds in the Citronelle Formation can
change over relatively short distances, thus these
outcrops of Citronelle Formation should be used
as a general guide only.

DIRECTIONS: Exit from 1-10 onto the easternmost
Pensacola exit, the U.S. 90 exit. Proceed south on
U.S. 90 along the western margin of Escambia Bay
about 5.1 miles. The outcrop is a bluff located to
the east (left) of U.S. 90 directly across U.S. 90
from (east of) Hyde Park Road. The bluff continues
to the north at least one mile, but because there is
easy public access to the north, the bluff has been
partially covered or eroded and is not as well-ex-
posed.

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

SOUTH MAGNOLIA BLUFF, OUTCROP 1

BED 13

UNDIFFERENTIATED
SEDIMENTS

FEET
55-

46-

29 -

13-

0-

BED
BED
BED
BED

BED 2

CITRONELLE
FORMATION

i
j

. . ... :::
. ,,. . ,. . . . . r

j
. . . . . .

r

t
..;. ... ........: ..: ..: :

:.::..::...'.. .*: .:.*:'.:.^: .:.:. ''
.......... ."" ......,

\
.. .. . ..

BED12

BED 11
BED10

BED 9

BED 8

BED 7

BED 1

COVERED

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OUTCROP DATA PRINTOUT

OUTCROP NUMBER: 1

COUNTY ESCAMBIA

THICKNESS 55 FT.
14 SAMPLES FROM 0 55 FT.

LOCATION: T.02S R.29W S.02 D
LAT = N 30D 26M 22S
LON = W 87D 10M 24S

ELEVATION 55 FT.

OUTCROP NAME: SOUTH MAGNOLIA BLUFF

0.0- 13.0 000NOSM
13.0- 46.0 121CRNL
46.0- 55.0 09OUDSC

0.0- 13.0 COVERED

BED 1
13.0-

BED 2
23.0-

BED 3
27.0-

BED 4
27.5-

BED 5
29.0-

COVERED
CITRONELLE FM.
UNDIFFERENTIATED SAND AND CLAY

23.0 SAND; VERY LIGHT ORANGE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: MEDIUM, RANGE: VERY
FINE TO VERY COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ROUNDED TO SUB-ANGULAR; POOR INDURATION; CLAY
MATRIX; HEAVY MINERALS-01%, CLAY-02%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

VARIES TO

SAND; WHITE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO VERY
COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ROUNDED TO ANGULAR; POOR INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; MICA-03%,
HEAVY MINERALS-01%, CLAY-05%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

TO LEVEL OF RAILROAD TRACKS

27.0 SAND; MODERATE REDDISH ORANGE TO WHITE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE:
COARSE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO VERY COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ROUNDED TO ANGULAR;
UNCONSOLIDATED; LAMINATED, UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

27.5 CLAY; LIGHT GRAY TO MODERATE RED; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; MODERATE
INDURATION; MOTTLED, MICA-03%, QUARTZ SAND-08%, PEAT-05%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED IS DISCONTINUOUS

29.0 SAND; MODERATE REDDISH ORANGE TO VERY LIGHT ORANGE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR;
GRAIN SIZE: FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO GRANULE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED;
POOR INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; CLAY-08%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

30.0 CLAY; VERY LIGHT ORANGE; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; MODERATE INDURATION;
LAMINATED, QUARTZ SAND-10%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

VARIES TO

SAND; DARK BROWN TO WHITE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: FINE, RANGE: VERY
FINE TO COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; UNCONSOLIDATED; LAMINATED,
UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

BED 6
30.0- 31.0 SAND; MODERATE REDDISH ORANGE TO VERY LIGHT ORANGE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR;
GRAIN SIZE: FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO GRANULE; ROUNDNESS: ROUNDED TO ANGULAR;
MODERATE INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; CLAY-05%, MICA-01%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

WHITE CLAY BLEBS PRESENT, MORE CONSOLIDATED THAN BEDS 5 OR 7, GRADATIONAL WITH
BED 5

BED 7
31.0- 34.0 SAND; VERY LIGHT ORANGE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: FINE, RANGE: FINE TO
COARSE; ROUNDNESS: SUB-ANGULAR TO ANGULAR; POOR INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; HEAVY
MINERALS-01%, CLAY-15%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

CLAY MATRIX IS WHITE TO LIGHT ORANGE

BED 8
34.0- 35.5 SAND; MODERATE YELLOW TO MODERATE REDDISH ORANGE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR;
GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO COARSE; ROUNDNESS: SUB-ANGULAR TO
ANGULAR; MODERATE INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; HEAVY MINERALS-01%, CLAY-08%;
UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 9
35.5- 38.5 SAND; VERY LIGHT ORANGE TO MODERATE YELLOWISH BROWN; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR;
GRAIN SIZE: FINE, RANGE: FINE TO VERY COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ROUNDED TO ANGULAR;
UNCONSOLIDATED; LAMINATED, HEAVY MINERALS-01%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 10
38.5- 40.0 SAND; MODERATE REDDISH ORANGE TO MODERATE YELLOW; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR;
GRAIN SIZE: MEDIUM, RANGE: FINE TO VERY COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED;
MODERATE INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; MOTTLED, HEAVY MINERALS-01%, CLAY-30%;
UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

CLAY OCCURS AS LARGE BLEBS AND ZONES AND AS MATRIX, BED IS SAME AS BED 11 BUT
CONTAINS NO LIMONITE, CONTAINS MORE CLAY MATRIX AND IS FINER-GRAINED OVERALL

BED 11
40.0- 42.0 SAND; MODERATE RED TO MODERATE YELLOW; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN SIZE:
MEDIUM, RANGE: VERY FINE TO VERY COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; GOOD
INDURATION; IRON CEMENT, CLAY MATRIX; LAMINATED, NODULAR, HEAVY MINERALS-01%,
CLAY-20%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

VARIES TO

SANDSTONE; MODERATE RED TO DARK RED PURPLE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN
SIZE: MEDIUM, RANGE: VERY FINE TO GRAVEL; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED;
MODERATE INDURATION; IRON CEMENT; MOTTLED, HEAVY MINERALS-.1%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

SANDSTONE OCCURS AS LAMINATIONS, BLEBS AND PEBBLES

BED 12
42.0- 46.0 SAND; VERY LIGHT ORANGE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: MEDIUM, RANGE: VERY
FINE TO GRANULE; ROUNDNESS: ROUNDED TO SUB-ANGULAR; POOR INDURATION; CLAY
MATRIX; HEAVY MINERALS-01%, CLAY-05%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 13
46.0- 55.0 SAND; LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO
VERY COARSE; ROUNDNESS: SUB-ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; UNCONSOLIDATED; HEAVY
MINERALS-01%, SILT-05%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

55.0 TOP OF SECTION

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

OUTCROP 2
Old Quarry and Stream North of Jay
Santa Rosa County
Citronelle Formation
This exposure is of undifferentiated surficial ma-
terial (bed 13) overlying the Citronelle Formation
(beds 1-12). The Citronelle Formation exposed
here is much more typical of the formation than in
Outcrop 1 because the base of the exposure here
consists of a thick bed of clay (bed 1). This section
is easily accessible.
The section is exposed as follows: beds 12 and
13 are exposed in an old quarry at the top of the
hill; beds 1-11 along a small stream valley on the
west side of the paved road. Lithologies of all beds

T6N, R29W, S35, AA
Jay Quadrangle
in the Citronelle Formation are relatively local and
can change in short horizontal distances.

DIRECTIONS: Drive north on S.R. 89 out of Jay.
Turn left (west) onto a paved road about 0.55 mile
north of the intersection of S.R. 89 and S.R. 4 in
Jay. The outcrop is a stream valley to the left of,
adjacent to and parallel with the paved road about
2.3 miles north of the intersection of the paved road
with S.R. 89.

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

OLD QUARRY & STREAM NORTH OF JAY, OUTCROP 2

BED13

UNDIFFERENTIATED
SEDIMENTS

BED 12

BED 11

BED 10

BED 9

BED 8

BED 7

BED 6

CITRONELLE
FORMATION

BED 5

BED 4

BED 3

BED 2

BED 1

FEET
41-

18-

0-

!
. .... . . . . . .. .

. . . . . . .... . . . . . .. j
. ./ ./ . .: .: . . .:.
S. . .... . . . . . . .

!!ii !!i~li~iiiiiiiii

. . . . . . . .j

. . . . . . I
. . . . . . . .I .
. . . . . .

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OUTCROP DATA PRINTOUT

OUTCROP NUMBER: 2

COUNTY SANTA ROSA

THICKNESS 41 FT.
13 SAMPLES FROM 0 41 FT.

LOCATION: T.06N R.29W S.35 AA
LAT = N 30D 59M 35S
LON = W 87D 09M 02S

ELEVATION 170 FT.

OUTCROP NAME: OLD QUARRY AND STREAM NORTH OF JAY

0.0- 40.0 121CRNL CITRONELLE FM.
40.0- 41.0 090UDSC UNDIFFERENTIATED SAND AND CLAY

BED 1
0.0-

BED 2
6.0-

BED 3
9.0-

BED 4
16.0-

BED 5
17.5-

BED 6
18.0

6.0 CLAY; MODERATE BLUISH GRAY TO MODERATE YELLOW; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY;
MODERATE INDURATION; SILT-05%, QUARTZ SAND-01%, HEAVY MINERALS-01%, MICA-03%;
UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

9.0 SAND; MODERATE RED TO MODERATE GRAY; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: FINE,
RANGE: FINE TO GRAVEL; ROUNDNESS: SUB-ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; POOR INDURATION; CLAY
MATRIX; HEAVY MINERALS-01%, LIMONITE-10%, CLAY-10%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

PEBBLES ARE QUARTZ, LIMONITE AND WHITE CLAY BLEBS 1 INCH IN DIAMETER AND SMALLER

16.0 GRAVEL; WHITE TO VERY LIGHT ORANGE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: GRAVEL,
RANGE: VERY FINE TO GRAVEL; ROUNDNESS: ROUNDED TO SUB-ANGULAR; POOR INDURATION;
CLAY MATRIX; HEAVY MINERALS-01%, CLAY-10%, MICA-01%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

PEBBLES ARE QUARTZ AND WHITE CLAY BLEBS

17.5 SAND; WHITE TO VERY LIGHT ORANGE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: MEDIUM,
WELL SORTED; ROUNDNESS: SUB-ANGULAR; UNCONSOLIDATED; LAMINATED, CROSS-BEDDED,
HEAVY MINERALS-01%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

18.0 SAND; VERY LIGHT ORANGE TO WHITE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: FINE, RANGE:
VERY FINE TO GRAVEL; ROUNDNESS: SUB-ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; UNCONSOLIDATED; HEAVY
MINERALS-01%, CLAY-05%, LIMONITE-05%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

PEBBLES ARE QUARTZ AND LIMONITE SANDSTONE 1/4 TO 1/3 INCH IN DIAMETER IN 2 TO 3 THIN
LAYERS, SOME BLEBS OF WHITE SANDY CLAY

22.0 SAND; VERY LIGHT ORANGE TO WHITE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: MEDIUM,
RANGE: VERY FINE TO MEDIUM; ROUNDNESS: SUB-ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; POOR INDURATION;
CLAY MATRIX; LAMINATED, CROSS-BEDDED, HEAVY MINERALS-01%, CLAY-08%;
UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

WHITE ZONES COMPLETELY LACK CLAY MATRIX

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

BED 7
22.0- 22.5 SAND; VERY LIGHT ORANGE TO WHITE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: MEDIUM,
RANGE: VERY FINE TO GRAVEL; ROUNDNESS: SUB-ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; POOR INDURATION;
CLAY MATRIX; CLAY-05%, UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

PEBBLES ARE QUARTZ AND LIMONITE SANDSTONE UP TO 1-1/2 INCHES IN DIAMETER, PEBBLE
BED SEPARATES INTO 2 OR 3 DISTINCT THIN LAYERS SEPARATED BY SAND

BED 8
22.5- 26.5 SAND; MODERATE YELLOW TO MODERATE REDDISH ORANGE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR;
GRAIN SIZE: FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO MEDIUM; ROUNDNESS: SUB-ANGULAR TO ROUNDED;
MODERATE INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; MOTTLED, HEAVY MINERALS-01%, MICA-04%, CLAY-15%;
UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 9
26.5- 28.5 SAND; MODERATE RED TO MODERATE YELLOW; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE:
MEDIUM, RANGE: FINE TO GRAVEL; ROUNDNESS: ROUNDED TO SUB-ANGULAR; POOR
INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; MOTTLED, STREAKED, HEAVY MINERALS-01%, CLAY-10%, LIMONITE-
05%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

PEBBLES ARE QUARTZ, LIMONITE SANDSTONE AND CLAY BLEBS (WHITE) UP TO 1 INCH IN
DIAMETER

BED 10
28.5- 31.5 SAND; MODERATE RED TO MODERATE REDDISH BROWN; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN
SIZE: FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO GRAVEL; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; MODERATE
INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; HEAVY MINERALS-01%, CLAY-30%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 11
31.5- 33.5 SAND; VERY LIGHT ORANGE TO MODERATE YELLOW; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE:
MEDIUM, RANGE: VERY FINE TO GRAVEL; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; MODERATE
INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; HEAVY MINERALS-01%, CLAY-15%, LIMONITE-08%;
UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

PEBBLES ARE LIMONITE-CEMENTED SANDSTONE AND QUARTZ UP TO 2/3 INCH IN DIAMETER
WITH LIMONITE PEBBLES MORE COMMON, VERY HARD LARGE LIMONITE SANDSTONE
BOULDERS PRESENT

BED 12
33.5- 40.0 SAND; MODERATE RED TO MODERATE REDDISH ORANGE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN
SIZE: MEDIUM, RANGE: VERY FINE TO COARSE; ROUNDNESS: SUB-ANGULAR TO ROUNDED;
MODERATE INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; HEAVY MINERALS-01%, CLAY-15%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 13
40.0- 41.0 SAND; BROWNISH GRAY; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE
TO VERY COARSE; ROUNDNESS: SUB-ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; POOR INDURATION; CLAY
MATRIX; PLANT REMAINS-10%, SILT-10%, CLAY-03%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

41.0 TOP OF SECTION

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

OUTCROP 3
Oak Grove on Yellow River
Okaloosa County
Alum Bluff Group (undifferentiated)
This section is a classic exposure and has been
known to exist since at least 1909. This section,
along with other panhandle sections, formed the
basis for early division of the panhandle exposures
into formations. It is one of the few outcrops con-
taining unaltered, unweathered shell material in the
panhandle, and is the westernmost exposure of
shelly Alum Bluff Group sediments.
Matson and Clapp (1909) described an exposure
in this area located 100 yards below the road bridge
on the Yellow River. They stated that it consisted
of 2 feet of gray, fossiliferous, sandy marl at the
base, overlain by 9 feet of fine, yellow sand. Matson
and Clapp (1909) termed the sandy marl the Oak
Grove Sand Member of the Alum Bluff Formation.
Cooke and Mossom (1929) recognized a similar
section of Oak Grove Sand in the area, but stated
that it was on the west bank of the river and was
located 400 feet south of the highway bridge.
Cooke (1945) described an outcrop in this area as
Oak Grove Sand Member of the Shoal River For-
mation. Puri and Vernon (1964) called this the type
locality of the Oak Grove Member of the Shoal
River Formation.

T5N, R23W, S17, DD
Oak Grove Quadrangle
At present, this outcrop is considered an expo-
sure of undifferentiated Alum Bluff Group. This is
because the former "Oak Grove" and "Shoal
River" units were differentiated on the basis of con-
tained mollusks and thus, age or biozone. The lith-
ology in Outcrop 3 is virtually identical to that
exposed in Outcrops 5, 6,10, 15 and 16, yet, these
sections have been described as different forma-
tions. This practice is no longer considered correct
according to the Code of Stratigraphic Nomencla-
ture (North American Commission on Stratigraphic
Nomenclature, 1983), thus all exposures of this
lithology and stratigraphic position are herein
termed undifferentiated Alum Bluff Group.

DIRECTIONS: Drive east on S.R. 2 out of Oak
Grove. Turn off of S.R. 2 to the left (north) on the
east side of the Yellow River bridge. Drive to the
west on the dirt road paralleling S.R. 2 to the vicinity
of the boat launching ramp. The section is exposed
in a cleared space on the river bank about 200 feet
north-northeast of the ramp. Only at low water level
can the best exposure be seen.

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

OAK GROVE ON YELLOW RIVER, OUTCROP 3

FEET

12 -

7 -

3.5 -

0 -

UNDIFFERENTIATED
SEDIMENTS

ALUM BLUFF
GROUP

BED 5

. ... z.. .i .. ..

4- -* 4 - It -X
S. .. .. ..... .

... .. .. '.r.'. .-. .
. ....... ........ .LZ t t~~ .... : -h
. . . . . .
. .t t. . . . .

BED 4

BED 3

BED 2

BED 1

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OUTCROP DATA PRINTOUT

OUTCROP NUMBER: 3

COUNTY OKALOOSA

THICKNESS -12 FT.
5 SAMPLES FROM 0 12 FT.

LOCATION: T.05N R.23W S.17 DD
LAT = N 30D 55M 32S
LON = W 86D 33M 30S

ELEVATION 85 FT.

OUTCROP NAME: OAK GROVE ON YELLOW RIVER

0.0-
7.0-

BED 1
0.0-

BED 2
1.5-

BED 3
3.0-

BED 4
3.5-

BED 5
7.0-

7.0 122AMBF ALUM BLUFF GROUP
12.0 090UDSC UNDIFFERENTIATED SAND AND CLAY

1.5 SAND; MODERATE BLUISH GRAY; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE, RANGE:
VERY FINE TO COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; POOR INDURATION; CLAY
MATRIX, CALCILUTITE MATRIX; PHOSPHATIC SAND-08%, CALCILUTITE-10%, CLAY-02%;
MOLLUSKS, BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA, PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA;

SHELL MARL

3.0 SAND; MODERATE BLUISH GRAY; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE, RANGE:
VERY FINE TO COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; POOR INDURATION;
CALCILUTITE MATRIX; PHOSPHATIC SAND-08%; MICA-01%, CALCILUTITE-05%, CLAY-02%; FOSSIL
MOLDS;

SCATTERED BLEBS OF GREEN CLAY

3.5 SAND; MODERATE YELLOWISH BROWN; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE,
RANGE: VERY FINE TO COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; POOR INDURATION;
CLAY MATRIX; PHOSPHATIC SAND-03%, CLAY-05%; FOSSIL MOLDS;

MOLDS ARE MOLLUSKS

7.0 SAND; MODERATE GRAY TO LIGHT YELLOWISH ORANGE; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY;
GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO MEDIUM; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED;
MODERATE INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; HEAVY MINERALS-02%, CLAY-30%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

SCATTERED BLEBS OF PURE CLAY

12.0 SAND; LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE
TO COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-ANGULAR; POOR INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX;
HEAVY MINERALS-03%, CLAY-01%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

TOP OF SECTION

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

OUTCROP 4
Natural Bridge
Walton County
Suwannee Limestone and Citronelle Formation
Located in northern Walton County, this outcrop
constitutes the westernmost exposure of carbonate
material in the state and it easily accessible. It also
illustrates the dolomitic nature of the Suwannee
Limestone in the panhandle.
Cooke and Mossom (1929) compared the lime-
stone composing the bridge to "Marianna chimney
rock," but assigned it to the Byram marl. At present,
the carbonate beds exposed here are considered

T6N, R2 OW, S26, D
Gaskin Quadrangle
Suwannee Limestone. The Byram Formation is not
now recognized in outcrop in Florida.

DIRECTIONS: Turn north off of U.S. 90 onto S.R.
83 in De Funiak Springs. Follow S.R. 83 north from
De Funiak Springs into Gaskin. Turn left (west)
onto S-181 and go 4.1 miles to a dirt road on the
left (south). Turn left onto the dirt road. Natural
bridge is 0.5 mile ahead along the road.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

FEET
13 -

7-

BED 1

0 -

NATURAL BRIDGE, OUTCROP 4

CITRONELLE
FORMATION
BED 4

BED 3

BED 2
SUWANNEE
LIMESTONE

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OUTCROP DATA PRINTOUT

OUTCROP NUMBER: 4 COUNTY WALTON

THICKNESS 13 FT. LOCATION: T.06N R.20W S.26 D
4 SAMPLES FROM 0 13 FT. LAT = N 30D 59M 12S
LON = W 86D 12M 28S

ELEVATION 180 FT.

OUTCROP NAME: NATURAL BRIDGE

0.0- 7.0 123SWNN SUWANNEE LIMESTONE
7.0- 13.0 121CRNL CITRONELLE FM.

BED 1
0.0- 2.0 LIMESTONE; LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: MOLDIC, POROSITY: INTERCRYSTALLINE; GRAIN TYPE:
SKELETAL, CRYSTALS; 10% ALLOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS; GRAIN SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLINE;
RANGE: MICROCRYSTALLINE TO GRANULE; GOOD INDURATION; DOLOMITE CEMENT, SPARRY
CALCITE CEMENT; DOLOMITE-30%; HIGH RECRYSTALLIZATION; MOLLUSKS, BENTHIC
FORAMINIFERA;

COMMON LEPIDOCYCLINA SP. AND SORITES SP., PECTEN SP. ALSO PRESENT, RELATIVELY
HOMOGENEOUS BUT LESS THAN BED 2 DUE TO THE HIGHER FOSSIL CONTENT HERE

BED 2
2.0- 7.0 LIMESTONE; LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY; INTERCRYSTALLINE; GRAIN TYPE: CALCILUTITE,
SKELETAL; 05% ALLOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS; GRAIN SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLINE; RANGE:
MICROCRYSTALLINE TO GRANULE; MODERATE INDURATION; CALCILUTITE MATRIX, DOLOMITE
CEMENT; DOLOMITE-40%; MEDIUM RECRYSTALLIZATION; MOLLUSKS, BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA;

PECTEN SP. AND LEPIDOCYCLINA SP. PRESENT, GRADES QUICKLY INTO BED 1

BED 3
7.0- 8.0 CLAY; LIGHT GRAY; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; MODERATE INDURATION; LAMINATED,
QUARTZ SAND-30%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 4
8.0- 13.0 SAND; VERY LIGHT ORANGE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: FINE; RANGE: VERY FINE
TO VERY COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-ANGULAR; POOR INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX;
HEAVY MINERALS-01%, CLAY-05%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

13.0 TOP OF SECTION

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

OUTCROP 5
Shell Bluff on Shoal River
Walton County
Alum Bluff Group (Undifferentiated)
The section is located on the north side of the
Shoal River about 4 miles northwest of Mossy
Head, less than 1 mile upstream from the Godwin
Bridge outcrop (Outcrop 6). In the past, this outcrop
has been designated the type section for the Shoal
River Formation, then considered to be the basal
formation in the Alum Bluff Group (Cooke and Mos-
som, 1929). It is also another of the relatively rare
panhandle exposures with beds of unaltered shell
material.
Matson and Clapp (1909) described a section
here of about 80 feet (65 feet exposed) in which
the upper 40 feet is unnamed sand; the middle 12
feet of greenish, shell marl is termed the Shoal
River marl member of the Alum Bluff Formation;
and the basal 10 feet of green sand is called the
Oak Grove sand member of the Alum Bluff For-
mation. Both Cooke and Mossom (1929) and
Cooke (1945) stated that this was the type locality
of the Shoal River Formation. The basal 46.75 feet
were assigned to the Shoal River Formation and
the upper 30 feet, mostly covered, were termed the
Citronelle Formation.
Puri and Vernon (1964) also stated that this was
the type locality of the Shoal River Formation. The
top 15 feet they termed the Citronelle Formation

T3N, R21W, SO4, DA
New Harmony Quadrangle
(Pleistocene), with 30 feet of Shoal River Formation
exposed and a covered interval of 22 feet.
At present, this exposure is considered an out-
crop of undifferentiated Alum Bluff Group. This has
been changed from previous descriptions because
the Shoal River unit was differentiated on the basis
of contained mollusks and thus, age. The lithology
exposed here is virtually identical to that exposed
in Outcrops 3, 6, 10, 15 and 16, yet these sections
have been described as different formations. This
practice is no longer considered correct according
to the Code of Stratigraphic Nomenclature (North
American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomencla-
ture, 1983), thus all exposures of this lithology and
stratigraphic position are herein termed undiffer-
entiated Alum Bluff Group.

DIRECTIONS: See Outcrop 6 for directions to the
Godwin Bridge, then proceed over the bridge and
turn right (east) onto a partially paved road located
0.25 mile beyond the bridge. Drive up and along
this road approximately 0.55 mile to a residence
and loop (dirt) road to the right (south). Check with
the resident for permission to visit the outcrop and
for exact directions (access is by walking).

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

SHELL BLUFF ON SHOAL RIVER, OUTCROP 5

FEET
24-

13-

0-

BED 10

BED 9

BED 8

BED 7

I

I---
... . . . . 1

'^

i-------------

,....... .....
--------- 'K-

BED 6

BED 5

BED 4

BED 3

BED 2

BED 1

ALUM BLUFF
GROUP

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OUTCROP DATA PRINTOUT

OUTCROP NUMBER: 5

COUNTY WALTON

THICKNESS 24 FT.
10 SAMPLES FROM 0 24 FT.

ELEVATION 180 FT.

OUTCROP NAME: SHELL BLUFF ON SHOAL RIVER

0.0- 24.0 122AMBF ALUM BLUFF GROUP

BED 1
0.0-

BED 2
1.0-

LOCATION: T.03N R.21W S.04 DA
LAT = N 30D 47M 17S
LON = W 86D 21M 07S

1.0 SAND; DARK BROWN TO DARK GRAY; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE,
RANGE: VERY FINE TO FINE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-ANGULAR; MODERATE INDURATION;
CLAY MATRIX; MOTTLED, MICA-03%, HEAVY MINERALS-03%, CLAY-15%; FOSSIL MOLDS;

MOLLUSK MOLDS PRESENT, BIOTITE PRESENT

3.0 SAND; DARK BROWN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE
TO FINE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-ANGULAR; MODERATE INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX;
HEAVY MINERALS-01%, MICA-01%, ORGANICS-01%, CLAY-15%; MOLLUSKS;

MOLLUSKS PRESENT AS FRAGMENTS, BLOCKY

BED 3
3.0-

4.0 SAND; MODERATE BROWN TO WHITE; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE,
RANGE: VERY FINE TO FINE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-ANGULAR; MODERATE INDURATION;
CLAY MATRIX; HEAVY MINERALS-03%, MICA-03%, CLAY-10%; MOLLUSKS;

MOLLUSKS PRESENT BUT LESS ABUNDANT THAN BED 4

BED 4
4.0-

BED 5
7.0-

BED 6
10.0-

7.0 SAND; MODERATE GREEN TO WHITE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE,
RANGE: VERY FINE TO FINE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; POOR INDURATION; CLAY
MATRIX; MICA-03%, HEAVY MINERALS-03%, CLAY-05%; MOLLUSKS, FOSSIL MOLDS;

BOTH MOLLUSKS AND MOLDS PRESENT, TOP 3 INCHES MORE CEMENTED AND MORE IRON
STAINED WITH ABUNDANT MOLDS

10.0 SAND; LIGHT BROWN TO DARK GRAY; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE,
RANGE: VERY FINE TO FINE; ROUNDNESS; ANGULAR TO SUB-ANGULAR; MODERATE INDURATION;
CLAY MATRIX; MOTTLED, MICA-03%, HEAVY MINERALS-03%, CLAY-12%; MOLLUSKS;

WHITE MOLLUSKS AND FRAGMENTS ABUNDANT

13.0 SAND; DARK YELLOWISH ORANGE TO MODERATE OLIVE BROWN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY;
GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE, RANGE: MEDIUM TO VERY FINE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-
ANGULAR; MODERATE INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX, IRON CEMENT; MICA-04%, HEAVY MINERALS-
03%, CLAY-12%, LIMONITE-03%; FOSSIL MOLDS;

MOLLUSK MOLDS

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

BED 7
13.0- 19.0 SAND; LIGHT GREEN; POROSITY; INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE
TO FINE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; POOR INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; MICA-03%,
HEAVY MINERALS-02%, CLAY-10%; FOSSIL MOLDS;

MOLLUSK MOLDS

BED 8
19.0- 20.0 SAND; LIGHT GRAYISH GREEN TO LIGHT YELLOWISH ORANGE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR;
GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO FINE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; POOR
INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; MOTTLED, MICA-04%, HEAVY MINERALS-01%; FOSSIL MOLDS;

MOLLUSK MOLDS

BED 9
20.0- 20.5 CLAY; WHITE; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; MODERATE INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; QUARTZ
SAND-20%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

NONBLOCKY

BED 10
20.5- 24.0 SAND; LIGHT GRAYISH GREEN TO MODERATE YELLOWISH BROWN; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR;
GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO FINE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-ANGULAR;
POOR INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; MOTTLED, MICA-03%, HEAVY MINERALS-03%, CLAY-11%; FOSSIL
MOLDS;

MOLLUSK MOLDS PRESENT

24.0 TOP OF SECTION

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

OUTCROP 6
Godwin Bridge on Shoal River
Walton County
Alum Bluff Group (Undifferentiated)
The section is exposed on the south side of and
beneath Godwin Bridge, a wooden bridge over the
Shoal River approximately 0.5 mile west of the
Shell Bluff section (Outcrop 5). The lower shelly
beds are easily seen, but the upper portion of the
section is partially covered by washed-in sand and
road material.
This section exposes the basal portion of the
Shoal River Formation of former usage, whereas
the type section of this unit, about 0.5 mile east of
here (Outcrop 5), exposes only the upper portion.
This outcrop includes unaltered shell beds which
compose a second, lower shell bed within the unit.
Cooke and Mossom (1929) placed this section
in the Shoal River Formation, as lateral extension
of their basal bed 1 at Shell Bluff. At present, this
exposure is considered an outcrop of undifferen-
tiated Alum Bluff Group. This has been changed

T3N, R21W, SO5, BD
New Harmony Quadrangle
from past terminology because the Shoal River unit
was differentiated on the basis of fossils and thus,
age. The lithology exposed here is virtually identical
to that exposed in Outcrops 3, 5, 10, 15 and 16,
yet these sections have been termed different for-
mations. This practice is no longer considered cor-
rect, hence all exposures of this lithology and
stratigraphic position are herein termed Alum Bluff
Group (undifferentiated).

DIRECTIONS: Take U.S. 90 west from De Funiak
Springs approximately 13 miles to Mossy Head.
Turn right (north) onto a dirt road located 0.5 mile
to the west of the intersection of S-285 (a paved
road in Mossy Head extending north) and U.S. 90.
Proceed north on this dirt road 4.0 miles to the
bridge.

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

GODWIN BRIDGE ON SHOAL RIVER, OUTCROP 6

FEET

BED 9

UNDIFFERENTIATED
SEDIMENTS

BED 8

BED 7

BED 6

ALUM BLUFF
GROUP

15 -

7-

BED 5

I

(

- - - r-
. . . . . . . . .

L

.., __... . .

" :-...-"'.--. ^

. .. ... . . {

BED 4

BED 3

BED 2

BED 1

0 -

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OUTCROP DATA PRINTOUT

OUTCROP NUMBER: 6 COUNTY WALTON

THICKNESS 15 FT. LOCATION: T.03N R.21W S.05 BD
9 SAMPLES FROM 0 15 FT. LAT = N 30D 47M 07S
LON = W 86D 21M 32S

ELEVATION 100 FT.

OUTCROP NAME; GODWIN BRIDGE ON SHOAL RIVER

0.0- 7.0 122AMBF ALUM BLUFF GROUP
7.0- 15.0 09OUDSC UNDIFFERENTIATED SAND AND CLAY

BED1
0.0- 1.0 SAND; LIGHT GREENISH GRAY TO WHITE; POROSITY; INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE,
RANGE: VERY FINE TO COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-ANGULAR; POOR INDURATION;
CLAY MATRIX, CALCILUTITE MATRIX; HEAVY MINERALS-02%, MICA-03%, CLAY-05%, CALCILUTITE-
03%; MOLLUSKS;

SHELLY SAND

BED 2
1.0- 1.5 SAND; GREENISH GRAY TO DARK YELLOWISH ORANGE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR, POROSITY:
MOLDIC; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO FINE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-
ANGULAR; POOR INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; MOTTLED, MICA-03%, HEAVY MINERALS-03%, CLAY-
10%; FOSSIL MOLDS;

BED IS DISCONTINUOUS, MOLDS ARE MOLLUSKS

BED 3
1.5- 3.0 SAND; DARK YELLOWISH ORANGE TO WHITE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR, POROSITY: MOLDIC;
GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE. RANGE: VERY FINE TO FINE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; POOR
INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; MOTTLED, HEAVY MINERALS-03%, MICA-03%, CLAY-10%; FOSSIL
MOLDS;

MOLDS ARE MOLLUSKS

BED 4
3,0- 4.5 SAND; LIGHT GREENISH GRAY TO LIGHT YELLOWISH ORANGE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR;
GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-
ANGULAR; POOR INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; MOTTLED, HEAVY MINERALS-02%, MICA-01%, CLAY-
10%; FOSSIL MOLDS;

MOLDS ARE MOLLUSKS

BED 5
4.5- 6.5 SAND; LIGHT GRAY TO LIGHT GREEN; POROSITY; INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE,
RANGE: VERY FINE TO GRAVEL; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; POOR INDURATION; CLAY
MATRIX; MOTTLED, PHOSPHATIC SAND-01%, HEAVY MINERALS-01%, MICA-03%, CLAY-10%;
UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 6
6,5- 7,0 SAND; DARK GRAY; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN SIZE: MEDIUM, RANGE: VERY FINE TO
GRANULE; ROUNDNESS: SUB-ANGULAR; MODERATE INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; PHOSPHATIC
SAND-01%, MICA-01'%, CLAY-20%; UNFOSSIUFEROUS;

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

BED 7
7.0- 10.0 SAND; BROWNISH GRAY; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO
GRAVEL; ROUNDNESS: ROUNDED TO ANGULAR; UNCONSOLIDATED; MOTTLED, HEAVY MINERALS-
02%, MICA-01%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 8
10.0- 11.0 SAND; LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO
COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ROUNDED TO SUB-ANGULAR; UNCONSOLIDATED; HEAVY MINERALS-01%;
UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 9
11.0- 15.0 SAND; LIGHT GRAY; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO
MEDIUM; ROUNDNESS: ROUNDED TO SUB-ANGULAR; UNCONSOLIDATED; PLANT REMAINS-05%,
HEAVY MINERALS-01%, MICA-01%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

15.0 TOP OF SECTION

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

OUTCROP 7
Big Swamp Creek Bridge
Walton County
Alum Bluff Group (Undifferentiated)
The section is exposed in the bed and west bank
of Big Swamp Creek under the U.S. 331 highway
bridge just west of Liberty, Walton County. This
section exposes the relatively pure, unfossiliferous
clay lithology of the Alum Bluff Group, and is easily
accessible.
Cooke (1945) stated that 2 feet of somewhat
sandy, black clay of the Shoal River Formation was
exposed in the bed of Big Swamp Creek near Lib-

T4N, R2OW, S26, AA
Liberty Quadrangle
erty, Walton County. At present, the section is con-
sidered to expose a slightly different faces of
undifferentiated Alum Bluff Group sediments. This
black, relatively nonsandy and nonfossiliferous
clay faces is rarely exposed in the area.

DIRECTIONS: Turn north from U.S. 90 onto U.S.
331 in De Funiak Springs and proceed north 8.3
miles to the bridge.

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

BIG SWAMP CREEK BRIDGE, OUTCROP 7

BED 4

UNDIFFERENTIATED
SEDIMENTS

BED 3

BED 2

ALUM BLUFF GROUP

BED1

FEET
7 -

4-

0 -

5-

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

FLORIDA GEOLOGIC SURVEY OUTCROP DATA OUTPRINT

OUTCROP NUMBER: 7

THICKNESS 7 FT.
4 SAMPLES FROM 0 7 FT.

COUNTY WALTON

LOCATION T.04N R.20W S.26 AA
LAT = N 30D 49M 21S
LON = W 86D 13M 08S

ELEVATION 165 FT.

OUTCROP NAME: BIG SWAMP CREEK BRIDGE

0.0-
5.0-

BED 1
0.0-

BED 2
4.0-

BED 3
4.5-

BED 4
5.0-

5.0 122AMBF ALUM BLUFF GROUP
7.0 09OUDSC UNDIFFERENTIATED SAND AND CLAY

4.0 CLAY; DARK GREENISH GRAY TO LIGHT GREENISH YELLOW; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY;
GOOD INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; MASSIVE, UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

COMMON SULFUR STAINING

4.5 CLAY; MODERATE BLUISH GRAY TO LIGHT GREENISH YELLOW; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY;
GOOD INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; MASSIVE, UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

SOME LIGHT GREEN-YELLOW SULFUR STAIN, BLOCKY

5.0 CLAY; MODERATE BROWN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; MODERATE INDURATION; CLAY
MATRIX; FISSILE, QUARTZ SAND-05%, MICA-03%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

7.0 SAND; BROWNISH GRAY TO WHITE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: FINE, RANGE: VERY
FINE TO VERY COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ROUNDED TO ANGULAR; UNCONSOLIDATED; HEAVY
MINERALS-01%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

TOP OF SECTION

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

OUTCROP 8
Alaqua Roadcut, S-278
Walton County
Alum Bluff Group (Undifferentiated)
The exposure is a roadcut along S-278 about 4
miles southwest of De Funiak Springs, Walton
County. This section exhibits the contact between
the Citronelle Formation and the Alum Bluff Group
(undifferentiated) sediments. This contact is very
well exposed and the lithology of the Alum Bluff
Group sediments is typical for the area, consisting
of fine sand with scattered mollusk molds. One can
see many, much smaller, thinner, less well exposed
outcrops of identical beds throughout this central

T2N, R19W, S20, DB
De Funiak Springs West Quadrangle
portion of Walton County. There is also easy ac-
cess to this outcrop.

DIRECTIONS: Turn right (west) onto S-278 off of
U.S. 331 about 1.65 miles south of the intersection
of U.S. 331 and Interstate 10, south of De Funiak
Springs. The roadcut extends along both sides
(east and west) of the road approximately 2.9 miles
from the U.S. 331 intersection.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

ALAQUA ROADCUT S-278, OUTCROP 8

FEET
26 -

24-

14 -

0-

UNDIFFERENTIATED
SEDIMENTS

CITRONELLE FORMATION

S. .. . . . . . .. i .
. . . . . . .

::::::ii :i ii ::ii::::::: : :::::i iN
....... .. .. .

.: : :: ..:: :- ..:.: :
. . . . ... '

II ,iii;;iiii~iiir ii i i i ii',iiii
.. . . . ..~ ii!: :!:!!- !!i!i~ ~

. .ii:iii.. . . .i~l; ,;.. :.}

[::i::i:i :::i:;:;:i: iii:!::::l::: iiiii! i:i::!:

: ~-::--!:--::!-':-:-)-.-:
.:-- .. -- .2 .2-.. .12 .: .:: .::-: -: '

. . . . -... . . . . . .
. ,- . ..... . . . ., . .. i
. . . ... . . .,.. . . .
. . '.. '. '. '. .'... -. '.
. . '... .. .' '.... -. -. -,. '
. . . . '.... -. .-. .. . '. .
' .. .' ..' . . -. .- .- .. .' .

:::.:2.::,::.:~:: :.'-:-::::: :::: :::: :5.
.. . . . .... . . . . . .. -
.. . .. . . .- .. -... . .
,. .. . . . .. .. .- -. . ./ ,
. .. .. . . ..-.- .

...... ....-..

. ..~- . .. .....

. . . . ...,

BED 2

ALUM BLUFF GROUP

BED 1

BED11

BED 10

BED 9

BED 8

BED 7

BED 6

BED 5

BED 4

BED 3

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OUTCROP DATA PRINTOUT

OUTCROP NUMBER: 8 COUNTY WALTON

THICKNESS 26 FT. LOCATION: T.02N R.19W S.20 DB
11 SAMPLES FROM 0 26 FT. LAT = N 30D 39M 27S
LON = W 86D 09M 27S

ELEVATION 130 FT.

OUTCROP NAME: ALAQUA ROADCUT S-278

0.0- 14.0 122AMBF ALUM BLUFF GROUP
14.0- 24.0 121CRNL CITRONELLE FM.
24.0- 26.0 09OUDSC UNDIFFERENTIATED SAND AND CLAY

BED 1
0.0- 7.0 SAND; BROWNISH GRAY TO MODERATE YELLOWISH GREEN; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR,
POROSITY: MOLDIC; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO FINE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR
TO SUB-ANGULAR; MODERATE INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; FISSILE, MICA-03%, HEAVY MINERALS-
03%, ORGANICS-01%, CLAY-12%; FOSSIL MOLDS;

VERY RARE PEBBLES PRESENT, BLACK ORGANIC PLANT IMPRESSIONS AND FILMS AT TOP OF
BED, MOLDS ARE MOLLUSKS

BED 2
7.0- 8.0 SAND; DARK GRAY TO DARK YELLOWISH ORANGE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR, POROSITY:
MOLDIC; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO FINE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-
ANGULAR; MODERATE INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; MICA-02%, HEAVY MINERALS-02%, CLAY-10%;
FOSSIL MOLDS;

BED IS DISCONTINUOUS, MOLDS ARE MOLLUSKS

BED 3
8.0- 11.0 SAND; WHITE TO DARK YELLOWISH ORANGE; POROSITY: MOLDIC; GRAIN SIZE: FINE, RANGE: VERY
FINE TO FINE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-ANGULAR; MODERATE INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX,
IRON CEMENT; LAMINATED, BANDED, MICA-02%, HEAVY MINERALS-03%, CLAY-10%, LIMONITE-01%;
FOSSIL MOLDS;

THIN LIMONITE-CEMENTED HARDER BAND AT BASE OF BED WITH ABUNDANT MOLLUSK MOLDS

BED 4
11.0- 12.5 SAND; MODERATE GRAY TO DARK YELLOWISH ORANGE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR, POROSITY:
MOLDIC; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO FINE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-
ANGULAR; MODERATE INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; LAMINATED, MICA-02%, HEAVY MINERALS-03%,
CLAY-10%; SPECKLED; FOSSIL MOLDS;

MOLDS ARE MOLLUSKS

BED 5
12.5- 14.0 SAND; DARK YELLOWISH ORANGE TO LIGHT GRAY; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR, POROSITY:
MOLDIC; GRAIN SIZE; VERY FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO GRAVEL; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-
ANGULAR; POOR INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; LAMINATED, MICA-04%, HEAVY MINERALS-03%,
CLAY-11%; SPECKLED; FOSSIL MOLDS;

WEATHERED AND LENSIC, FORMS TOP OF BENCH ON WEST SIDE OF ROAD, MOLDS ARE MOLLUSKS

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

BED 6
14.0- 17.5 SAND; LIGHT GRAY TO MODERATE RED; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN SIZE: FINE, RANGE:
VERY FINE TO FINE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; MODERATE INDURATION; CLAY
MATRIX; MOTTLED, MICA-02%, HEAVY MINERALS-01%, CLAY-14%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 7
17.5- 21.5 SAND; MODERATE RED TO LIGHT YELLOWISH ORANGE; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN
SIZE: FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO FINE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; MODERATE
INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; MOTTLED, LAMINATED, HEAVY MINERALS-03%, MICA-03%, CLAY-13%;
UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 8
21.5- 22.5 SAND; YELLOWISH GRAY; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN SIZE: FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE
TO MEDIUM; ROUNDNESS: SUB-ANGULAR; MODERATE INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; HEAVY
MINERALS-03%, MICA-01%, CLAY-15%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 9
22.5- 24.0 SAND; VERY LIGHT ORANGE; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN SIZE: FINE, RANGE: VERY
FINE TO MEDIUM; ROUNDNESS: SUB-ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; MODERATE INDURATION; CLAY
MATRIX; HEAVY MINERALS-01%, MICA-01%, CLAY-15%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 10
24.0- 25.5 SAND; LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO
COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; POOR INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; HEAVY
MINERALS-03%, CLAY-05%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 11
25.5- 26.0 SAND; LIGHT BROWNISH GRAY; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: FINE, RANGE: VERY
FINE TO COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-ANGULAR; UNCONSOLIDATED; PLANT REMAINS-
08%, ORGANICS-05%, HEAVY MINERALS-01%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

26.0 TOP OF SECTION

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

OUTCROP 9
Eucheeanna Roadcut, S-280
Walton County
Alum Bluff Group (Undifferentiated)
The exposure is a roadcut on the south side of
S-280 about 7 miles southeast of De Funiak
Springs. This section contains beds which are lith-
ologically identical with beds exposed at Alum Bluff
(Outcrop 16), about 50 miles to the east of the
present section. Access is also very easy.
Puri and Vernon (1964) described this roadcut
as basal Shoal River Formation (Alum Bluff Stage)
with the top 3 feet described as a Pleistocene sand
and soil zone. At present, this section is considered
to expose Citronelle Formation lying atop Alum
Bluff Group (undifferentiated). The lithologies of

T2N, R18W, S23, AD
De Funiak Springs East Quadrangle
beds 1 to 8 are identical to lithologies shown at
Alum Bluff (Outcrop 16), which is considered the
type locality for the Alum Bluff Group (undifferen-
tiated).

DIRECTIONS: Turn south onto S-183 off of U.S.
90 approximately 3.5 miles east of De Funiak
Springs. Follow this road south to its intersection
with S-280 and turn right (west) onto S-280. The
roadcut is located approximately 0.6 mile to the
west along S-280 just before descending into the
Whites Creek valley, on the south side of the road.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

EUCHEEANNA ROADCUT S-280, OUTCROP 9

FEET

19 -

16 -

10 -

0 -

BED 13

BED 12

BED 11

BED 10

UNDIFFERENTIATED
SEDIMENTS

. . ..
.: :::::: :: : : : :: :. . :. ..

. .. .: .. .: .. .... ..........

*^ '. : '.- :: ^ *. *:

. . .:: ::-i : :. .i :. : .'. .

S. .. .. .. .. .. .. . ..

T I-
. . . .

BED 9

BED 8

BED 7

BED 6

ALUM BLUFF GROUP

BED 5

BED

BED

BED 2

BED 1

CITRONELLE FORMATION

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OUTCROP DATA PRINTOUT

OUTCROP NUMBER: 9

COUNTY WALTON

THICKNESS- 19 FT.
13 SAMPLES FROM 0 19 FT.

LOCATION: T.02N R.18W S.23 AD
LAT = N 30D 39M OOS
LON = W 86D OOM 40S

ELEVATION 140 FT.

OUTCROP NAME: EUCHEEANNA ROADCUT S-280

10.0 122AMBF
16.0 121CRNL
19.0 09OUDSC

ALUM BLUFF GROUP
CITRONELLE FM.
UNDIFFERENTIATED SAND AND CLAY

0.0-
10.0-
16.0-

BED 1
0.0-

BED 2
0.5-

BED 3
1.5-

BED 4
2.0-

BED 5
2.5-

BED 6
5.5-

BED 7
6.5-

BED 8
9.5-

0.5 CLAY; DARK GRAY; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; MODERATE INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX;
QUARTZ SAND-03%, MICA-03%, HEAVY MINERALS-03%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

1.5 SAND; YELLOWISH GRAY TO MODERATE YELLOWISH BROWN; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN
SIZE: MEDIUM, RANGE: VERY FINE TO VERY COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-ANGULAR;
POOR INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; MICA-01%, HEAVY MINERALS-01%, CLAY-10%;
UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

2.0 SAND; MODERATE YELLOWISH BROWN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN SIZE: FINE, RANGE:
VERY FINE TO MEDIUM; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-ANGULAR; MODERATE INDURATION; CLAY
MATRIX; MICA-03%, HEAVY MINERALS-01%, CLAY-20%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

2.5 SAND; DARK BROWN TO VERY DARK RED; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN SIZE: FINE,
RANGE: VERY FINE TO COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-ANGULAR; MODERATE
INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX, IRON CEMENT; LAMINATED, MICA-01%, HEAVY MINERALS-01%, CLAY-
15%, LIMONITE-01%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

5.5 CLAY; DARK GRAY; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; MODERATE INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX;
QUARTZ SAND-05%, MICA-02%, HEAVY MINERALS-02%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

6.5 CLAY; MODERATE BROWN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; MODERATE INDURATION; CLAY
MATRIX; QUARTZ SAND-08%, MICA-03%, HEAVY MINERALS-02%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

SEMIBLOCKY

9.5 CLAY; LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; MODERATE INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX;
FISSILE, HEAVY MINERALS-02%, QUARTZ SAND-08%, MICA-03%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

SEMIBLOCKY IN ZONES

10.0 SAND; DARK BROWN TO DARK YELLOWISH BROWN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN SIZE:
FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO GRAVEL; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; MODERATE
INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; LAMINATED, MICA-01%, HEAVY MINERALS-02%, LIMONITE-05%, CLAY-
20%; WEATHERED; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

DARK RED LIMONITE LAYER AT TOP OF BED

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

BED 9
10.0- 13.5 CLAY; MODERATE RED TO LIGHT GRAY; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; MODERATE INDURATION;
MOTTLED, FISSILE, MICA-03%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 10
13.5- 15.5 SAND; MODERATE RED TO MODERATE REDDISH ORANGE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN
SIZE: FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO GRAVEL; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-ANGULAR; POOR
INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; MOTTLED, HEAVY MINERALS-01%, CLAY-15%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 11
15.5- 16.0 SAND; DARK BROWN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN SIZE: FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO
GRAVEL; ROUNDNESS: ROUNDED TO SUB-ANGULAR; MODERATE INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX;
HEAVY MINERALS-01%, CLAY-20%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 12
16.0- 18.5 SAND; LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE
TO GRAVEL; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; POOR INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; HEAVY
MINERALS-01%, CLAY-07%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 13
18.5- 19.0 SAND; GRAYISH BROWN; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO
GRAVEL; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-ANGULAR; UNCONSOLIDATED; PLANT REMAINS-08%,
HEAVY MINERALS-01%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

19.0 TOP OF SECTION

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

OUTCROP 10
Red Bay
Walton County
Alum Bluff Group (Undifferentiated)
The section is exposed beneath a dripping wa-
terfall just below a small spring in a valley approx-
imately 0.25 mile directly east of Red Bay, Walton
County. This section has been considered an ex-
posure showing the middle formation of the Alum
Bluff Group, the Choctawhatchee Formation (Mat-
son and Clapp, 1909). It has also been considered
the type section for the shortlived Red Bay For-
mation (Puri and Vernon, 1964). Again, it is one of
the few relatively thick, fossiliferous exposures in
the panhandle with unaltered mollusks.
Matson and Clapp (1909) used the term Choc-
tawhatchee Marl to describe the exposures of
bluish gray, clayey, fossiliferous, Miocene marl in
the vicinity of Red Bay on the west side of the
Choctawhatchee River. Cooke and Mossom
(1929) assigned the 19 feet of "hard, blue-gray,
sandy and clayey marl ... beneath Dripping Spring
... about a quarter of a mile east of Red Bay" to
their Choctawhatchee Marl. The Southeastern
Geological Society's Third Field Trip Guidebook
(1945) called this outcrop the Arca zone of the

T1N, R17W, SO9, DD
Red Bay Quadrangle
Shoal River Formation. Puri and Vernon (1964)
described what appears to be this outcrop as the
type locality for the Red Bay Formation (Arca Faun-
izone, Choctawhatchee Stage). The lower 14-1/2
feet were termed Red Bay with the upper 2-1/2 feet
called Pleistocene Series (sand and soil).
At present, the beds exposed in this section are
considered undifferentiated Alum Bluff Group.
They are lithologically identical with beds strati-
graphically above and below (Outcrops 3, 5-9, 15,
and 18) and all of these are lithologically insepar-
able from lithologies shown by beds at Alum Bluff
(Outcrop 16).

DIRECTIONS: Take S.R. 81 south from Interstate
10 to Red Bay. Turn east onto a dirt road (driveway)
about 0.15 mile southeast of the intersection of
S.R. 81 and The Red Bay Rock Hill Road (in Red
Bay) along S.R. 81. The section is located about
150 feet to the east of the southeast corner of the
cleared field in the woods downslope.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

RED BAY, OUTCROP 10

FEET

15 -

12 -

7-

0-

CITRONELLE FORMATION

r
J

. . ...-1 .}
'. '. '.'. .- '. '. -I

. .' . . . .
. . .. . . . .

.. . . . .: . .

.. . -. . . . ..'. .

F... ... .. .. .

----------.4
. . .. ....
.....|.|...:,||
..;l. . "'. ll.
. . . . . . .. . . .

;iil::iiiiiii;;;;t

!gif iggg gig Igg
i;] i~i i il ]i

Sii~iii~iiiiii1

!i!)! !!}i }!i}l

BED 7

BED 6

BED 5

BED 4

BED 3

BED 2

BED1

ALUM BLUFF GROUP

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OUTCROP DATA PRINTOUT

OUTCROP NUMBER 10

THICKNESS 15 FT.
7 SAMPLES FROM 0 15 FT.

ELEVATION 90 FT.

OUTCROP NAME: RED BAY

0.0- 12.0 122AMBF ALUM BLUFF GROUP
12.0- 15.0 121CRNL CITRONELLE FM.

BED 1
0.0-

BED 2
4.0-

COUNTY WALTON

LOCATION: T.01N R.17W S.09 DD
LAT = N 30D 35M 27S
LON = W 85D 56M 17S

4.0 SAND; GREENISH GRAY; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE
TO FINE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-ANGULAR; POOR INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX,
CALCILUTITE MATRIX; PHOSPHATIC SAND-04%, CALCILUTITE-05%, CLAY-05%; MOLLUSKS, BENTHIC
FORAMINIFERA, PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA;

SHELLS ARE ABUNDANT FINE FRAGMENTS

6.0 SAND; MODERATE BLUISH GRAY TO WHITE; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN SIZE: FINE,
RANGE: VERY FINE TO COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-ANGULAR; MODERATE
INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX, CALCILUTITE MATRIX; PHOSPHATIC SAND-03%, CALCILUTITE-15%,
HEMATITE-05%; MOLLUSKS, BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA, PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA;

SANDY SHELL MARL

BED 3
6.0-

7.0 SAND; MODERATE BLUISH GRAY TO WHITE; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN SIZE: VERY
FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO FINE; MODERATE INDURATION; CALCILUTITE MATRIX; PHOSPHATIC
SAND-02%, CALCILUTITE-20%; MOLLUSKS, BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA, PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA;

SHELL MARL

BED 4
7.0-

7.5 SAND; MODERATE BROWN TO MODERATE BLUISH GRAY; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN
SIZE: FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO MEDIUM; ROUNDNESS: SUB-ANGULAR; MODERATE INDURATION;
CLAY MATRIX, CALCILUTITE MATRIX; MICA-03%, PHOSPHATIC SAND-01%, CLAY-15%, CALCILUTITE-
01%; FOSSIL MOLDS;

SCATTERED BLEBS OF LITHOLOGY OF BED 3

BED 5
7.5-

BED 6
9.5-

9.5 SAND; LIGHT GRAYISH GREEN TO LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: VERY
FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO MEDIUM; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; MODERATE
INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX, IRON CEMENT; MICA-03%, LIMONITE-05%, HEAVY MINERALS-01%,
CLAY-15%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

12.0 CLAY; MODERATE BROWN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; MODERATE INDURATON; CLAY
MATRIX; FISSILE, LAMINATED, BANDED, MICA-03%, QUARTZ SAND-02%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

VARIES TO

SAND; MODERATE BROWN TO LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: FINE,
RANGE: VERY FINE TO MEDIUM; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-ANGULAR; MODERATE

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; LAMINATED, BANDED, MICA-03%, HEAVY MINERALS-02%, CLAY-20%;
UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

CLAY PREDOMINATES AND IS PLATY, TWO LITHOLOGIES ALTERNATE IN BANDS AND LAMINAE,
BED FORMS BASE OF STREAM AND TOP OF FALLS

BED 7
12.0- 15.0 CLAY; LIGHT BLUISH GRAY TO DARK YELLOWISH BROWN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY;
MODERATE INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; MOTTLED, MICA-02%, HEAVY MINERALS-01%;
UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

PLASTIC

15.0 TOP OF SECTION

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

OUTCROP 11
North Marianna/C.R. 167
Jackson County
Suwannee and Marianna Limestones

The roadcut is on the Jackson County Road 167
right-of-way. It extends from south to north with the
stratigraphically higher beds (beds 11 to 7) to the
south at the hilltop. Bed 1 is exposed on the west
side of the road in a ditch. This section exposes
the Marianna-Suwannee contact as well as show-
ing relatively great thicknesses of both formations.
MacNeil (1944) described this section as: basal
12-1/2 feet Marianna Limestone, and the upper 7-
1/2 feet as the Glendon limestone member of the
Byram Formation. He picked the base of his Byram
Formation as the base of the lowest bed of dolom-
ite. Puri and Vernon (1964) called the basal 12 feet
of this exposure the Marianna Limestone and
called the dolomitic upper 16 feet the Dolomite

T5N, R10W, S27, D
Marianna Quadrangle
member of the Byram Formation. They called the
(now unexposed) 3 feet of clay atop the Dolomite
member the Bucatunna Clay member of the Byram
Formation and the 5-1/2 feet of sand (also now
unexposed) above the clay, Pleistocene Series un-
differentiated. At present, the upper dolosilt and
dolostone beds are considered to represent Su-
wannee Limestone. The lower limestone beds rep-
resent the Marianna Limestone.

DIRECTIONS: Drive north on C.R. 167 from Mar-
ianna. The roadcut is located 1.9 miles from the
intersection of C.R. 167 and U.S. 90 in Marianna,
on the top of the hill. It is about 0.5 mile north of
the C.R. 167 bridge across the Chipola River.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

NORTH MARIANNA/CR167, OUTCROP 11

BED 11

BED 10

SUWANNEE LIMESTONE

BED 9
BED8

BED 7

BED 6

MARIANNA LIMESTONE

BED 5

BED 4

BED 3

BED 2

BED 1

FEET
25 -

17 -

0-

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OUTCROP DATA PRINTOUT

OUTCROP NUMBER: 11

THICKNESS 25 FT.
11 SAMPLES FROM 0 25 FT.

COUNTY JACKSON

LOCATION: T.05N R.10W S.27 D
LAT = N 30D 47M 52S
LON = W 85D 12M 56S

ELEVATION 130 FT.

OUTCROP NAME: NORTH MARIANNA/C.R.-167 ROADCUT

0.0- 17.0 123MRNN
17.0- 25.0 123SWNN

BED 1
0.0-

MARIANNA LIMESTONE
SUWANNEE LIMESTONE

5.0 LIMESTONE; WHITE; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN TYPE: CALCILUTITE, SKELETAL; 05%
ALLOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS; GRAIN SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLINE; RANGE: MICROCRYSTALLINE
TO GRAVEL; MODERATE INDURATION; CALCILUTITE MATRIX; LOW RECRYSTALLIZATION; BENTHIC
FORAMINIFERA, MOLLUSKS;

CONTAINS HARD RECRYSTALLIZED LEPIDOCYCLINA SP.

BED 2
5.0-

BED 3
6.5-

BED 4
7.5-

BED 5
9.5-

6.5 LIMESTONE; WHITE; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN TYPE: SKELETAL, CALCILUTITE,
CRYSTALS; 10% ALLOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS; GRAIN SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLINE; RANGE:
MICROCRYSTALLINE TO GRAVEL; MODERATE INDURATION; CALCILUTUTE MATRIX; LOW
RECRYSTALLIZATION; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA;

CONTAINS LEPIDOCYCLINA SP., BED IS SOFT AND CRUMBLY, LOWER ONE-HALF OF BED IS HARDER
THAN UPPER ONE-HALF

7.5 LIMESTONE; WHITE; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN TYPE: CRYSTALS, CALCILUTITE; 15%
ALLOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS; GRAIN SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLINE; RANGE: MICROCRYSTALLINE
TO FINE; GOOD INDURATION; SPARRY CALCITE CEMENT, CALCILUTITE MATRIX; MEDIUM
RECRYSTALLIZATION; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA;

CONTAINS HARD RECRYSTALLIZED LEPIDOCYCLINA SP., BED IS HARD, WEATHERS BLACK ON
SURFACE

9.5 LIMESTONE; GRAYISH BROWN TO WHITE; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN TYPE: SKELETAL,
CRYSTALS; 20% ALLOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS; GRAIN SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLINE; RANGE:
MICROCRYSTALLINE TO GRAVEL; MODERATE INDURATION; DOLOMITE CEMENT, SPARRY CALCITE
CEMENT; DOLOMITE-10%; MEDIUM RECRYSTALLIZATION; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA;

CONTAINS LEPIDOCYCLINA SP.

11.0 LIMESTONE; LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN TYPE: CALCILUTITE,
CRYSTALS; 10% ALLOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE; RANGE:
MICROCRYSTALLINE TO MEDIUM; GOOD INDURATION; DOLOMITE CEMENT, CALCILUTITE MATRIX,
SPARRY CALCITE CEMENT; GLAUCONITE-01%, DOLOMITE-15%; HIGH RECRYSTALLIZATION;
BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA;

CONTAINS HARD RECRYSTALLIZED LEPIDOCYCLINA SP., HARD TO VERY HARD BED

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

BED 6
11.0- 15.0 DOLOMITE; LIGHT OLIVE BROWN; POROSITY: INTERCRYSTALLINE; 90-100% ALTERED; EUHEDRAL;
GRAIN SIZE: FINE; EQUIGRANULAR; POOR INDURATION; DOLOMITE CEMENT; GLAUCONITE-02%;
HIGH RECRYSTALLIZATION; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

VERY HOMOGENOUS SOFT DOLOSILT

BED 7
15.0- 17.0 LIMESTONE; MODERATE BROWN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN TYPE: CRYSTALS,
CALCILUTITE; 05% ALLOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS; GRAIN SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLINE; RANGE:
MICROCRYSTALLINE TO FINE; GOOD INDURATION; CALCILUTITE MATRIX; GLAUCONITE-03%; HIGH
RECRYSTALLIZATION; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA;

CONTAINS ABUNDANT RECRYSTALLIZED HARD LEPIDOCYCLINA SP., VARIES TO

LIMESTONE; LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN TYPE: CRYSTALS; 50%
ALLOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE; RANGE: VERY FINE TO MEDIUM;
MODERATE INDURATION; SPARRY CALCITE CEMENT, CALCILUTITE MATRIX; GLAUCONITE-04%,
DOLOMITE-10%; HIGH RECRYSTALLIZATION; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA;

ABUNDANT RECRYSTALLIZED TRACES OF LARGE FORAMINIFERA, MODERATELY HARD BUT NOT
AS CRUMBLY AS BED 8, VARIES TO

LIMESTONE; LIGHT OLIVE BROWN; POROSITY: MOLDIC; GRAIN TYPE: CRYSTALS, CALCILUTITE;
40% ALLOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE; RANGE: MICROCRYSTALLINE TO
GRANULE; MODERATE INDURATION; DOLOMITE CEMENT, CALCILUTITE MATRIX, SPARRY CALCITE
CEMENT; GLAUCONITE-01%, CALCILUTITE-10%; MEDIUM RECRYSTALLIZATION; BENTHIC
FORAMINIFERA, MOLLUSKS;

CONTAINS ABUNDANT RECRYSTALLIZED SOFT LEPIDOCYCLINA SP., MODERATELY HARD

BED 8
17.0- 18.0 DOLOMITE; MODERATE OLIVE BROWN TO MODERATE REDDISH BROWN; POROSITY:
INTERCRYSTALLINE; 90-100% ALTERED; EUHEDRAL; GRAIN SIZE: FINE, EQUIGRANULAR; POOR
INDURATION; DOLOMITE CEMENT; HIGH RECRYSTALLIZATION; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

VERY HOMOGENEOUS AND SOFT

BED 9
18.0- 19.0 DOLOMITE; MODERATE OLIVE BROWN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; 90-100% ALTERED;
EUHEDRAL; GRAIN SIZE: FINE; EQUIGRANULAR; GOOD INDURATION; DOLOMITE CEMENT; HIGH
RECRYSTALLIZATION; UNFOSSILFEROUS;

VERY HOMOGENEOUS, MODERATELY HARD

BED 10
19.0- 23.0 DOLOMITE; MODERATE OLIVE BROWN TO MODERATE REDDISH BROWN; POROSITY:
INTERCRYSTALLINE; 90-100% ALTERED; EUHEDRAL; GRAIN SIZE: FINE; EQUIGRANULAR; POOR
INDURATION; DOLOMITE CEMENT; HIGH RECRYSTALLIZATION; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

VERY HOMOGENEOUS AND SOFT

BED 11
23.0- 25.0 DOLOMITE; DARK YELLOWISH ORANGE; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; 90-100% ALTERED;
EUHEDRAL; GRAIN SIZE: FINE; RANGE: FINE TO MEDIUM; GOOD INDURATION; DOLOMITE CEMENT;
GLAUCONITE-01%; HIGH RECRYSTALLIZATION; FOSSIL MOLDS;

MOLDS ARE MOLLUSKS

25.0 TOP OF SECTION

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

OUTCROP 12
Marianna Type Section
Jackson County
Suwannee and Marianna Limestones
This section is a roadcut on the western side of
the Chipola River bridge on U.S. 90 in Marianna,
Florida. The lower 6 feet of this section is covered.
In addition, an exposure of Ocala Group limestone
is reportedly visible at and above river level near
this location, but is on privately-owned land. This
section is considered the type section of the Mar-
ianna Limestone (Puri and Vernon, 1964).
Cooke and Mossom (1929) described this gen-
eral location as typical of the Marianna Limestone,
showing 30 feet exposed overlying 16-1/2 feet (par-
tially covered) of Ocala limestone. Puri and Vernon
(1964) described the present section (in the road-
cut) as Marianna Limestone with the top 3 feet of

T4N, R10W, SO3, DA
Marianna Quadrangle
dolomite as Byram Formation. At present, this
roadcut on the south side of U.S. 90 is considered
to be the type section of the Marianna Limestone.
The original type section was located on the north
side of the road, however, it was destroyed by the
construction of a shopping center. The dolostone
portion is considered to be Suwannee Limestone.

DIRECTIONS: From the center of Marianna, take
U.S. 90 east to the bridge over the Chipola River
on the eastern city limits. The roadcut is on the
western side of the bridge and is on the south side
of U.S. 90.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

MARIANNA TYPE SECTION, OUTCROP 12

FEET
23 -

BED 7

SUWANNEE LIMESTONE

20 -

BED 6

BED 5

BED 4

BED 3

13 -

MARIANNA LIMESTONE

BED 2

BED1

5 -

COVERED

0 -

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OUTCROP DATA PRINTOUT

OUTCROP NUMBER: 12

THICKNESS 23 FT.
8 SAMPLES FROM 0 23 FT.

COUNTY JACKSON

LOCATION: T.04N R.10W S.03 DA
LAT = N 30D 46M 23S
LON = W 85D 13M 03S

ELEVATION 100 FT.

OUTCROP NAME: MARIANNA TYPE SECTION

0.0- 5.0 OOONDSM
5.0- 20.0 123MRNN
20.0- 23.0 123SWNN

COVERED
MARIANNA LIMESTONE
SUWANNEE LIMESTONE

0.0 5.0 COVERED

FROM RIVER LEVEL TO 5 FEET ABOVE ROAD LEVEL; BASE OF SECTION IS ROAD LEVEL

9.0 LIMESTONE; WHITE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR, POROSITY: MOLDIC; GRAIN TYPE: CALCILUTITE,
SKELETAL; 10% ALLOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS; GRAIN SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLINE; RANGE:
MICROCRYSTALLINE TO GRAVEL; MODERATE INDURATION; CALCILUTITE MATRIX; GLAUCONITE-
07%; MEDIUM RECRYSTALLIZATION; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA, FOSSIL MOLDS;

RECRYSTALLIZED LEPIDOCYCLINA SP. PRESENT, MODERATELY HARD BUT VERY CHALKY, MOLDS
ARE MOLLUSKS

13.0 LIMESTONE; WHITE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN TYPE: CALCILUTITE, SKELETAL; 10%
ALLOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS; GRAIN SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLINE; RANGE: MICROCRYSTALLINE
TO GRAVEL; MODERATE INDURATION; CALCILUTITE MATRIX; GLAUCONITE-01%; MEDIUM
RECRYSTALLIZATION; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA;

RECRYSTALLIZED LEPIDOCYCLINA SP. PRESENT, HARD, TOP 6 INCHES HARDEST PART OF BED

17.0 LIMESTONE; LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN TYPE: CALCILUTITE, SKELETAL;
15% ALLOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS; GRAIN SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLINE; RANGE:
MICROCRYSTALLINE TO GRAVEL; MODERATE INDURATION; CALCILUTITE MATRIX; GLAUCONITE-
01%; MEDIUM RECRYSTALLIZATION; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA;

RECRYSTALLIZED LEPIDOCYCLINA SP. PRESENT

18.0 LIMESTONE; LIGHT GREENISH GRAY TO WHITE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN TYPE:
CALCILUTITE, SKELETAL; 15% ALLOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS; GRAIN SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLINE;
RANGE: MICROCRYSTALLINE TO GRAVEL; MODERATE INDURATION; CALCILUTITE MATRIX,
DOLOMITE CEMENT, SPARRY CALCITE CEMENT; GLAUCONITE-04%, DOLOMITE-02%; LOW
RECRYSTALLIZATION; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA;

LESS DOLOMITIC THAN BEDS ABOVE, RECRYSTALLIZED LEPIDOCYCLINA SP. PRESENT, SOFT

BED 1
5.0-

BED 2
9.0-

BED 3
13.0-

BED 4
17.0-

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

BED 5
18.0- 19.0 LIMESTONE; LIGHT GREENISH GRAY TO WHITE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN TYPE:
CALCILUTITE, SKELETAL; 25% ALLOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS; GRAIN SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLINE;
RANGE: MICROCRYSTALLINE TO GRAVEL; MODERATE INDURATION; CALCILUTITE MATRIX,
DOLOMITE CEMENT, SPARRY CALCITE CEMENT; GLAUCONITE-05%, DOLOMITE-20%; MEDIUM
RECRYSTALLIZATION; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA;

ABUNDANT LEPIDOCYCLINA SP. AND GHOSTS, BED IS ESSENTIALLY RECRYSTALLIZED
CALCILUTITE

BED 6
19.0- 20.0 LIMESTONE; YELLOWISH GRAY; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN TYPE: CALCILUTITE,
SKELETAL; 05% ALLOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS; GRAIN SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLINE; RANGE:
MICROCRYSTALLINE TO GRAVEL; MODERATE INDURATION; CALCILUTITE MATRIX, DOLOMITE
CEMENT; DOLOMITE-05%; LOW RECRYSTALLIZATION; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA;

SOFT, LEPIDOCYCLINA SP. PRESENT

BED 7
20.0- 23.0 DOLOMITE; DARK GREENISH YELLOW; POROSITY: INTERCRYSTALLINE, POROSITY: MOLDIC; 90-
100% ALTERED; EUHEDRAL; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE; EQUIGRANULAR; GOOD INDURATION;
DOLOMITE CEMENT; GLAUCONITE-04%; HIGH RECRYSTALLIZATION; BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA,
MOLLUSKS;

LEPIDOCYCLINA SP. GHOSTS AND PECTEN SP. PRESENT, MOLDS ARE MOLLUSKS

23.0 TOP OF SECTION

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

OUTCROP 13
West Jim Woodruff Dam
Jackson County
Chattahoochee Formation
The exposure is owned by the U.S. Army Corps
of Engineers. It is a roadcut on the west side of the
access road to the Jim Woodruff Dam overlook on
the west side of the Apalachicola River. The section
exposes lithologies which are very typical of the
Chattahoochee Formation as well as being excep-
tionally well-exposed with very easy access.
Puri and Vernon (1964) described 43.9 feet of
Chattahoochee Formation at this locality in 7 beds.
The top portion of their section is now covered. At
present, the strata exposed at this location are in-

T4N, R6W, S31, B
Chattahoochee Quadrangle
cluded in the Chattahoochee Formation. They rep-
resent a section at or below the lowest beds
exposed in the section east of the dam (Outcrop
14).

DIRECTIONS: Follow U.S. 90 from Chattahoochee
west across the Apalachicola River bridge. About
0.2 mile beyond (west of) the bridge turn right
(north) onto the first paved road. Drive north ap-
proximately 0.4 mile. The roadcut is on the left.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

WEST JIM WOODRUFF DAM, OUTCROP 13

BED 7

F BED 6

BED 5

mBED 4

BED 3

CHATTAHOOCHEE FORMATION

BED 2

BED 1

0 -

19 -

12 -

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OUTCROP DATA PRINTOUT

OUTCROP NUMBER: 13

THICKNESS 19 FT.
7 SAMPLES FROM 0 19 FT.

COUNTY JACKSON

LOCATION: T.04N R.06W S.31 B
LAT = N 30D 42M 18S
LON = W 84D 52M 13S

ELEVATION 90 FT.

OUTCROP NAME: WEST JIM WOODRUFF DAM

0.0- 19.0 122CTTC CHATTAHOOCHEE FM.

BED 1
0.0-

4.0 DOLOMITE; WHITE TO MODERATE GRAY; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; 90-100% ALTERED;
GRAIN SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLINE; RANGE: MICROCRYSTALLINE TO VERY FINE; GOOD INDURATION;
DOLOMITE CEMENT; QUARTZ SAND-05%; HIGH RECRYSTALLIZATION; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

HARD, RUBBLY

BED 2
4.0-

BED 3
12.0-

BED 4
13.0-

BED 5
15.0-

12.0 DOLOMITE; WHITE TO LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; 90-100% ALTERED; GRAIN
SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLINE; RANGE: MICROCRYSTALLINE TO VERY FINE; POOR INDURATION;
DOLOMITE CEMENT; QUARTZ SAND-20%; HIGH RECRYSTALLIZATION; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

13.0 LIMESTONE; LIGHT BROWN TO VERY LIGHT ORANGE; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN TYPE:
CRYSTALS; 90% ALLOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS; GRAIN SIZE: COARSE; RANGE: VERY FINE TO
VERY COARSE; GOOD INDURATION; SPARRY CALCITE CEMENT; QUARTZ SAND-10%, DOLOMITE-
10%; HIGH RECRYSTALLIZATION; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

MUCH RECRYSTALLIZED SPARRY CALCITE, VARIES TO

SANDSTONE; LIGHT BROWN TO VERY LIGHT ORANGE; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN
SIZE: VERY FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO MEDIUM; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-ANGULAR; GOOD
INDURATION; SPARRY CALCITE CEMENT; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

SANDSTONE IS HARD, DISCONTINUOUS

15.0 DOLOMITE; WHITE TO LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; 90-100% ALTERED; GRAIN
SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLINE; RANGE: MICROCRYSTALLINE TO VERY FINE; POOR INDURATION;
DOLOMITE CEMENT; QUARTZ SAND-15%; HIGH RECRYSTALLIZATION; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

16.0 LIMESTONE; LIGHT BROWN TO VERY LIGHT ORANGE; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN TYPE:
CRYSTALS; 90% ALLOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS; GRAIN SIZE: COARSE; RANGE: VERY FINE TO
VERY COARSE; GOOD INDURATION; SPARRY CALCITE CEMENT; QUARTZ SAND-05%, CLAY-20%,
DOLOMITE-10%; HIGH RECRYSTALLIZATION; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

VARIES TO

SANDSTONE; LIGHT BROWN TO VERY LIGHT ORANGE; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN
SIZE: VERY FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO MEDIUM; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-ANGULAR; GOOD
INDURATION; SPARRY CALCITE CEMENT; CLAY-20%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

CLAY OCCURS AS LENSES AND BLEBS IN LIMESTONE AND SANDSTONE

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

BED 6
16.0- 18.0 DOLOMITE; WHITE TO VERY LIGHT ORANGE; POROSITY: MOLDIC, POROSITY: INTERCRYSTALLINE;
90-100% ALTERED; GRAIN SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLINE; RANGE: MICROCRYSTALLINE TO VERY FINE;
MODERATE INDURATION; DOLOMITE CEMENT; QUARTZ SAND-10%; HIGH RECRYSTALLIZATION;
FOSSIL MOLDS;

MOLDS ARE MOLLUSKS

BED 7
18.0- 19.0 DOLOMITE; LIGHT BROWN TO VERY LIGHT ORANGE; POROSITY: INTERCRYSTALLINE, POROSITY:
MOLDIC; 90-100% ALTERED; GRAIN SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLINE; RANGE: MICROCRYSTALLINE TO
VERY FINE; GOOD INDURATION; DOLOMITE CEMENT; QUARTZ SAND-10%; HIGH
RECRYSTALLIZATION; FOSSIL MOLDS;

MOLDS ARE MOLLUSKS

19.0 TOP OF SECTION

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

OUTCROP 14
East Jim Woodruff Dam-Type Chattahoochee
Georgia (North of Gadsden County)
Chattahoochee Formation
This section is located along a road owned by
the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The roadcut
was made in conjunction with the construction of
the Jim Woodruff Dam which occurred between
1946 and 1957 (Hendry and Yon, 1958), hence
geologic investigations conducted before this had
no access to it. Prior to dam construction, an ex-
posure to the south (Old Landing at Jones Bluff)
was considered the type section of the Chattahoo-
chee (Matson and Clapp, 1909). The siliciclastic
material above the Chattahoochee Formation is
now almost entirely covered and cannot be seen.
This material makes up the Hawthorn Group, Tor-
reya Formation, and the Citronelle Formation. The
section was designated the type section for the
Chattahoochee Formation by Puri and Vernon
(1964). In addition, an exceptionally thick section

T4N, R6W, S28, A
Chattahoochee Quadrangle
is exposed here, and access to the outcrop is easy.
Puri and Vernon (1964) described the basal 26-
1/2 feet as Chattahoochee Formation (Group), the
middle (now mostly covered) 41 feet as Hawthorn
Formation and the upper 51 feet as covered or as
Ft. Preston Formation. A portion of the section they
described as Hawthorn is now considered to be
Chattahoochee.

DIRECTIONS: Drive west to U.S. 90 in Chatta-
hoochee. Turn right (north) on the paved road lo-
cated 0.25 mile or 5 blocks west of the intersection
of U.S. 90 and C.R. 269. Drive north on this paved
road 0.5 mile and turn left (west) onto the dam
access road. The section begins 0.3 mile to the
west where the road begins its final descent after
curving to the left.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

EAST JIM WOODRUFF DAM-TYPE CHATTAHOOCHEE, OUTCROP 14
FEET
118 -

U

4

2

COVERED

8 -
...- i BED18
SBED17
SBED16
BED15
BED14

BED 13
B 12
BED 11
BED 10
BED 9
BED 8 CHATTAHOOCHEE FORMATION
BED 7
BED 6

BED 5

BED 4
BED 3

BED 2

BED 1
0-

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OUTCROP DATA PRINTOUT

OUTCROP NUMBER: 14

COUNTY GADSDEN

THICKNESS: 118 FT.
18 SAMPLES FROM 0 118 FT.

LOCATION: T.04 R.06W S.28A
LAT = N 30D 42M 50S
LON = W 84D 51M 05S

ELEVATION 150 FT.

OUTCROP NAME: EAST JIM WOODRUFF DAM-TYPE CHATTAHOOCHEE

0.0- 48.0 122CTTC
48.0- 118.0 OOONDSM

BED 1
0.0-

BED 2
6.0-

BED 3
10.0-

BED 4
13.0-

BED 5
14.0-

CHATTAHOOCHEE FM.
COVERED

6.0 DOLOMITE; LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; 90-100% ALTERED; EUHEDRAL; GRAIN
SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLINE; EQUIGRANULAR; POOR INDURATION; DOLOMITE CEMENT; CLAY-10%;
HIGH RECRYSTALLIZATION; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

WEATHERS TO ROUNDED BOULDERS, BED MAINLY COVERED AND SLOPE-FORMER TO BASE OF
DITCH

10.0 DOLOMITE; WHITE TO LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; 90-100% ALTERED;
EUHEDRAL; GRAIN SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLINE; EQUIGRANULAR; GOOD INDURATION; DOLOMITE
CEMENT; QUARTZ SAND-10%; HIGH RECRYSTALLIZATION; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

THICK LEDGE

13.0 SANDSTONE; VERY LIGHT GRAY; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE, RANGE:
VERY FINE TO MEDIUM; ROUNDNESS: ROUNDED TO ANGULAR; MODERATE INDURATION;
DOLOMITE CEMENT; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

VARIES TO

DOLOMITE; VERY LIGHT GRAY; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; 90-100% ALTERED; EUHEDRAL;
GRAIN SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLINE; EQUIGRANULAR; MODERATE INDURATION; DOLOMITE CEMENT;
CALCITE-05%, QUARTZ SAND-25%; HIGH RECRYSTALLIZATION; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

14.0 DOLOMITE; WHITE; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; 90-100% ALTERED; EUHEDRAL; GRAIN SIZE:
MICROCRYSTALLINE; EQUIGRANULAR; GOOD INDURATION; DOLOMITE CEMENT; QUARTZ SAND-
10%; HIGH RECRYSTALLIZATION; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

HOMOGENEOUS, FORMS LEDGE MORE PROMINENT THAN BED 5

24.0 DOLOMITE; LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: MOLDIC; 90-100% ALTERED; EUHEDRAL; GRAIN SIZE:
MICROCRYSTALLINE; EQUIGRANULAR; GOOD INDURATION; DOLOMITE CEMENT; CALCITE-05%,
QUARTZ SAND-02%; HIGH RECRYSTALLIZATION; FOSSIL MOLDS, BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA;

SORITES SP. PRESENT, BED IS MASSIVE, PROMINENT LEDGE

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

BED 6
24.0- 26.0 DOLOMITE; WHITE TO LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; 90-100% ALTERED;
EUHEDRAL; GRAIN SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLINE; EQUIGRANULAR; POOR INDURATION; DOLOMITE
CEMENT; CLAY-10%, QUARTZ SAND-15%; HIGH RECRYSTALLIZATION; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

HOMOGENEOUS

BED 7
26.0- 26.5 DOLOMITE; WHITE; POROSITY: MOLDIC; 90-100% ALTERED; EUHEDRAL; GRAIN SIZE:
MICROCRYSTALLINE; RANGE: MICROCRYSTALLINE TO COARSE; GOOD INDURATION; SPARRY
CALCITE CEMENT, DOLOMITE CEMENT; CALCITE-05%, QUARTZ SAND-15%; HIGH
RECRYSTALLIZATION; FOSSIL MOLDS;

EUHEDRAL CALCITE OCCURS AS ISOLATED SINGLE CRYSTALS IN CEMENT AS WELL AS FILLING
MOLLUSKAN MOLDIC POROSITY AND IN STRINGERS

BED 8
26.5- 28.5 LIMESTONE; WHITE TO LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN TYPE: CRYSTALS,
CALCILUTITE; 10% ALLOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS; GRAIN SIZE: FINE; RANGE:
MICROCRYSTALLINE TO COARSE; GOOD INDURATION; DOLOMITE CEMENT, SPARRY CALCITE
CEMENT, CALCILUTITE MATRIX; CLAY-15%, QUARTZ SAND-20%, DOLOMITE-10%; MEDIUM
RECRYSTALLIZATION; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

CLAY OCCURS AS BLEBS

BED 9
28.5- 32.5 DOLOMITE; WHITE; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; 90-100% ALTERED; EUHEDRAL; GRAIN SIZE:
MICROCRYSTALLINE; EQUIGRANULAR; MODERATE INDURATION; DOLOMITE CEMENT; QUARTZ
SAND-10%; HIGH RECRYSTALLIZATION; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 10
32.5- 32.8 SANDSTONE; WHITE TO VERY LIGHT GREEN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN SIZE: VERY
FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO FINE; ROUNDNESS: SUB-ANGULAR TO ANGULAR: GOOD INDURATION;
SPARRY CALCITE CEMENT; CLAY-05%; UNFOSSIUFEROUS;

VARIES TO

LIMESTONE; WHITE TO VERY LIGHT GREEN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABIUTY; GRAIN TYPE:
CRYSTALS, CALCILUTITE; 20% ALLOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS; GRAIN SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLNE;
RANGE: MICROCRYSTALLINE TO COARSE; GOOD INDURATION; SPARRY CALCITE CEMENT,
CALCILUTITE MATRIX; QUARTZ SAND-20%, CLAY-05%; HIGH RECRYSTALLIZATION;
UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED FORMS LEDGE, GREEN CLAY APPEARS AS BLEBS

BED 11
32.8- 33.0 DOLOMITE; LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; 90-100% ALTERED; EUHEDRAL; GRAIN
SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLNE; EQUIGRANULAR; GOOD INDURATION; DOLOMITE CEMENT; QUARTZ
SAND-02%; HIGH RECRYSTALLIZATION; UNFOSSIUFEROUS;

BED 12
33,0- 33.5 LIMESTONE, MODERATE GREEN TO WHITE; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN TYPE:
CRYSTALS; 60% ALLOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS; GRAIN SIZE: COARSE; RANGE: FINE TO COARSE;
MODERATE INDURATION; SPARRY CALCITE CEMENT; QUARTZ SAND-25%. CLAY-05%; HIGH
RECRYSTALLIZATION; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

VARIES TO

SANDSTONE; MODERATE GREEN TO WHITE; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN SIZE: VERY

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO MEDIUM; ROUNDNESS: SUB-ANGULAR TO ANGULAR; MODERATE
INDURATION; SPARRY CALCITE CEMENT; CLAY-05%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED FORMS INDENTATION BELOW BED 13, CRYSTALLINE-APPEARING IN HAND SPECIMEN, GREEN
CLAY APPEARS AS BLEBS

BED 13
33.5- 37.5 DOLOMITE; WHITE; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; 90-100% ALTERED; EUHEDRAL; GRAIN SIZE:
MICROCRYSTALLINE; RANGE: MICROCRYSTALLINE TO VERY FINE; GOOD INDURATION; DOLOMITE
CEMENT, SPARRY CALCITE CEMENT; QUARTZ SAND-10%, CALCITE-10%, CLAY-08%; HIGH
RECRYSTALLIZATION; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

FORMS LEDGE

BED 14
37.5- 40.5 DOLOMITE; WHITE; POROSITY: MOLDIC; 90-100% ALTERED; EUHEDRAL; GRAIN SIZE:
MICROCRYSTALLINE; RANGE: MICROCRYSTALLINE TO GRAVEL; MODERATE INDURATION;
DOLOMITE CEMENT; QUARTZ SAND-5%; HIGH RECRYSTALLIZATION; FOSSIL MOLDS, BENTHIC
FORAMINIFERA;

SORITES SP. PRESENT, BED IS SLOPE-FORMER AND IS PARTIALLY COVERED

BED 15
40.5- 42.5 DOLOMITE; LIGHT BROWN TO WHITE; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; 90-100% ALTERED;
EUHEDRAL; GRAIN SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLINE; EQUIGRANULAR; MODERATE INDURATION;
DOLOMITE CEMENT; QUARTZ SAND-15%; HIGH RECRYSTALLIZATION; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

DISCONTINUOUS

BED 16
42.5- 43.0 SANDSTONE; WHITE TO LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE,
RANGE: VERY FINE TO MEDIUM; ROUNDNESS: SUB-ANGULAR TO ANGULAR: GOOD INDURATION;
SPARRY CALCITE CEMENT, CLAY MATRIX; CLAY-10%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

VARIES TO

LIMESTONE; WHITE TO LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN TYPE: CRYSTALS,
CALCILUTITE; 20% ALLOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS; GRAIN SIZE: MEDIUM; RANGE:
MICROCRYSTALLINE TO COARSE; GOOD INDURATION; SPARRY CALCITE CEMENT, CALCILUTITE
MATRIX; QUARTZ SAND-20%, CLAY-10%; HIGH RECRYSTALLIZATION; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

FORMS HIGHEST HARD LEDGE IN SECTION, GREEN CLAY OCCURS AS BLEBS

BED 17
43.0- 46.0 DOLOMITE; WHITE TO LIGHT GRAY; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; 90-100% ALTERED; EUHEDRAL;
GRAIN SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLINE; EQUIGRANULAR; POOR INDURATION; DOLOMITE CEMENT;
QUARTZ SAND-08%; HIGH RECRYSTALLIZATION; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 18
46.0- 48.0 DOLOMITE; LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; 90-100% ALTERED; EUHEDRAL; GRAIN
SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLINE; RANGE: MICROCRYSTALLINE TO FINE; GOOD INDURATION; DOLOMITE
CEMENT; QUARTZ SAND-10%; HIGH RECRYSTALLIZATION; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

48.0- 118.0 COVERED

118.0 TOP OF SECTION

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

OUTCROP 15
Ten Mile Creek
Calhoun County
Alum Bluff Group (Undifferentiated)
This is an easily accessible outcrop of
controversial stratigraphic composition. It is
frequently sampled by malachologists and other
paleontologists.
Some workers have referred to this material as
Chipola Formation because of the age of the mol-
lusks contained within it. Cooke and Mossom
(1929) described 6 feet of Chipola Formation at or
near this location. Because of general lithology
(phosphate and sand content, color, and lack of
consolidation), it could also be referred to the Jack-
son Bluff Formation (W. Schmidt, Florida Geolog-
ical Survey, personal communication, 1986). This
outcrop and others similar to it are termed Alum

T1N, R10W, S12, CA
Clarksville Quadrangle
Bluff Group (undifferentiated) in this report. These
outcrops illustrate the type of stratigraphic nomen-
clatural problems encountered when naming for-
mations solely on the basis of age or paleontology.
Comparable sections are Outcrops 3, 5, 6, 8, 9,
10, 16 and 18.

DIRECTIONS: Take S.R. 73 north out of Clarks-
ville, Calhoun County. Proceed north about 4.7
miles from the S.R. 73 S.R. 20 intersection to the
bridge over Ten Mile Creek. The section is located
approximately 100 yards east of the bridge along
a dirt road at a cleared area on the north bank of
the creek.

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

TEN MILE CREEK, OUTCROP 15

BED 5

FEET
12

7-

0-

::- -
.... . . ...

. .. .. .. ..

. . i . . . .
S i . . . . .
x r ^ ^. ^ ^ . . . . .

. . . . . .
^ ^. ^. . . . .
. . . . . .

UNDIFFERENTIATED
SEDIMENTS

ALUM BLUFF GROUP

BED 1

BED 4

BED 3

BED 2

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OUTCROP DATA PRINTOUT

OUTCROP NUMBER: 15 COUNTY CALHOUN

THICKNESS: 12 FT. LOCATION: T.01N R.10W S.12 CA
5 SAMPLES FROM 0 12 FT. LAT = N 30D 29M 58S
LON = W 85D 07M 28S

ELEVATION 50 FT.

OUTCROP NAME: TEN MILE CREEK

0.0- 7.0 122AMBF ALUM BLUFF GROUP
7.0- 12.0 09OUDSC UNDIFFERENTIATED SAND AND CLAY

BED1
0.0- 6.0 SAND; MODERATE BLUISH GRAY; POROSITY; INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: FINE, RANGE: VERY
FINE TO FINE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; MODERATE INDURATION; CALCILUTITE
MATRIX; MICA-01%, HEAVY MINERALS-02%, PHOSPHATE SAND-01%, CALCILUTUTE-15%;
MOLLUSKS, BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA;

BED 2
6.0- 7.0 SAND; VERY LIGHT ORANGE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE, RANGE: VERY
FINE TO FINE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; MODERATE INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX,
CALCILUTITE MATRIX; HEAVY MINERALS-01%, MICA-03%, CALCILUTITE-05%, CLAY-10%; MOLLUSKS,
BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA;

BED 3
7.0- 8.0 SAND; VERY LIGHT ORANGE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULR; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE, RANGE: VERY
FINE TO MEDIUM; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED: POOR INDURATON; CLAY MATRIX; HEAVY
MINERALS-01%, MICA-03%, CLAY-10%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 4
8.0- 11.0 SAND; WHITE TO VERY LIGHT ORANGE; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN SIZE: VERY
FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO FINE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; MODERATE
INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; HEAVY MINERALS-02%, MICA-03%, CLAY-20%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 5
11.0- 12.0 SAND; MODERATE GRAY; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO
MEDIUM; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; UNCONSOLIDATED; PLANT REMAINS-10%, HEAVY
MINERALS-01%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

12.0 TOP OF SECTION

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

OUTCROP 16
Alum Bluff
Liberty County
Alum Bluff Group (undifferentiated), Jackson
Bluff Formation and Citronelle
Formation
The outcrop is owned by the Nature Conser-
vancy, P.O. Box 789, Bristol, Florida 32321. Ac-
cess is through a locked gate. Contact the Preserve
Manager in Tallahassee at (904) 222-0199 (1989)
to request access, a gate key and directions.
This outcrop is the thickest natural exposure of
sediments in Florida. It is also one of the earliest
exposures discovered and therefore geologists'
interpretations of the stratigraphy as shown here
have been important in deciphering the geologic
history of the panhandle and of the state. In ad-
dition, some workers have considered the bluff to
be the type section of the sediment package re-
ferred to as the Alum Bluff Group (undifferentated).
The Alum Bluff Group (undifferentiated) is exposed
in the panhandle to the west as far as Oak Grove
(Outcrop 3), Okaloosa County, and as far east as
Jackson Bluff (Outcrop 18), Leon County. Matson
and Clapp (1909) named the Alum Bluff Formation
from Outcrop 16.
Dall and Harris (1892) divided the Alum Bluff
section into a possible Chattahoochee Limestone
at the base, 5 feet of Chipola Marl, 15 feet of Alum
Bluff beds, 30 feet of Ecphora bed ( of the Ches-
apeake Group), 10 feet of lignitic sand, with 70 feet
of yellow unfossiliferous sand at the top of the sec-
tion. Cooke and Mossom (1929) called the basal,
fossiliferous 20 feet the Chipola Formation, the
next-upward 6 feet of sand the Alum Bluff Group,
the next 40 feet of shelly sand and aluminous clay
the Choctawhatchee Formation and the top 76 feet
of light-colored sand the Citronelle Formation.
Cooke (1945) described the following section at
this locality: he called the basal 20 feet the Chipola
Formation (Middle Miocene); he called the 46 feet
above the basal portion including the aluminous
clay, the shell marl and the unfossiliferous sand at

T1N, R8W, S24, D
Bristol Quadrangle

the base of the zone the Duplin Marl (Upper Mio-
cene); he termed the next-upward 65 feet the Ci-
tronelle Formation (Pliocene); the top 11 feet he
termed either the Sunderland Formation (Pleisto-
cene?) or the Citronelle Formation.
DuBar and Beardsley (1961) described the basal
10 feet as Chipola faces (Middle Miocene), the
overlying 19.5 feet as Hawthorn facies (Middle Mio-
cene), the shell marl portion and the clay and
clayey sand zones above (55 feet total thickness)
as Choctawhatchee deposits (Upper Miocene),
and the uppermost 48 feet of sand as Coharie For-
mation (Pleistocene Series). Puri and Vernon
(1964) described the basal 10 feet as Chipola For-
mation, the unfossiliferous sand above this as 19
feet of Ft. Preston formation, the shelly material
and the aluminous clay above that as 16.5 feet of
Jackson Bluff Formation (type locality of their "Ec-
phora" faunizone), the overlying 42 feet of sand as
Miccosukee Formation, and the uppermost 47 feet
as Pleistocene Series Coharie Formation.
At present, the upper, generally unconsolidated
sand and clay is considered to represent Citronelle
Formation, the middle shelly sand is considered to
be Jackson Bluff Formation, and the lower se-
quence of clay, sand, limestone and shell beds, as
well as the "Aluminous" beds, are herein referred
to as Alum Bluff Group (undifferentiated). Compare
this relatively thick and diverse section with Out-
crops 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15 and 18. The section
shown is a composite of maximum thickness ex-
tending along the entire (cliff) exposure. Bed 9 does
not exist in the thickest (middle) area of the outcrop
where most of the classic sections have been de-
scribed. All beds vary in thickness and lithology to
some degree.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

ALUM BLUFF, OUTCROP 16

BED 27

BED 26

=-BE D5BED24
BEU23 BED22

BED21

= BED 20

BED19

BED18

BED17

UNDIFFERENTIATED
SEDIMENTS

CITRONELLE FORMATION

UNDIFFERENTIATED
SEDIMENTS

BED16

BED15

SBED14
SBED13

BED 12

--BED10BED11
BED9
BED 8
SBED 7
BED 6
BED3 BED 4
----BED 2

JACKSON BLUFF FORMATION

ALUM BLUFF GROUP

BED 1

0-

FEET
122 -

117 -

78.5 -

44 -

30 -

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OUTCROP DATA PRINTOUT

OUTCROP NUMBER: 16 COUNTY LIBERTY

THICKNESS 122 FT. LOCATION: T.01N R.08W S.24 D
27 SAMPLES FROM 0 122 FT. LAT = N 30D 28M OOS
LON = W 84D 59M 10S

ELEVATION 190 FT.

OUTCROP NAME: ALUM BLUFF

0.0- 30.0 122AMBF ALUM BLUFF GROUP
30.0- 44.0 122JKBL JACKSON BLUFF FM.
44.0- 78.5 122AMBF ALUM BLUFF GROUP
78.5- 109.0 121CRNL CITRONELLE FM.
109.0- 122.0 090UDSC UNDIFFERENTIATED SAND AND CLAY

BED 1
0.0- 8.0 LIMESTONE; LIGHT BROWN TO WHITE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN TYPE: SKELETAL; 40%
ALLOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS; GRAIN SIZE: GRANULE; RANGE: MICROCRYSTALLINE TO GRAVEL;
MODERATE INDURATION; CALCILUTITE MATRIX; QUARTZ SAND-40%, HEAVY MINERALS-01%; LOW
RECRYSTALLIZATION; MOLLUSKS;

BED 2
8.0- 11.0 SAND; LIGHT BROWN TO WHITE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: FINE, RANGE: VERY
FINE TO COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; POOR INDURATION; CALCILUTITE
MATRIX; SHELL-10%, CALCILUTITE-05%; MOLLUSKS;

BED 3
11.0- 13.0 LIMESTONE; TAN TO WHITE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN TYPE: SKELETAL; 20%
ALLOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS; GRAIN SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLINE; RANGE: MICROCRYSTALLINE
TO GRAVEL; POOR INDURATION; CALCILUTITE MATRIX; LAMINATED, MOTTLED, QUARTZ SAND-
20%, HEAVY MINERALS-01%, MICA-01%, SHELL-05%; LOW RECRYSTALLIZATION; MOLLUSKS;

BED IS DISCONTINUOUS

BED 4
13.0- 14.0 SANDSTONE; MODERATE RED TO VERY LIGHT ORANGE; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN
SIZE: MEDIUM, RANGE: FINE TO COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-ANGULAR; MODERATE
INDURATION; IRON CEMENT, CLAY MATRIX; LAMINATED, CLAY-08%, LIMONITE-03%;
UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED DISCONTINUOUS
BED 5
14.0- 17.0 SAND; VERY LIGHT ORANGE TO LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: VERY
FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO MEDIUM; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; POOR INDURATION;
CLAY MATRIX; LAMINATED, BANDED, MICA-03%, HEAVY MINERALS-01%, ORGANICS-05%, SILT-10%;
UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

CLAY 05 PERCENT

BED 6
17.0- 19.0 SAND; WHITE TO MODERATE YELLOW; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR: GRAIN SIZE: FINE, RANGE:
VERY FINE TO COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; POOR INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX;
LAMINATED, HEAVY MINERALS-01%, CLAY-10%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

BED 7
19.0- 19.5 SAND; VERY LIGHT ORANGE TO LIGHT GREEN; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: FINE,
RANGE: VERY FINE TO COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-ANGULAR; POOR INDURATION;
CLAY MATRIX; HEAVY MINERALS-01%, CLAY-10%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

GREEN CLAY IS PRESENT AS MATRIX AND BLEBS

BED 8
19.5- 25.5 SAND; WHITE TO MODERATE GRAY; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: MEDIUM, RANGE:
VERY FINE TO VERY COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; UNCONSOLIDATED;
LAMINATED, MICA-01%, CLAY-10%, HEAVY MINERALS-01%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

CLAY IS PRESENT AS LARGE, GRAY, SANDY BLEBS AND IRON-STAINED LAMINATIONS

BED 9
25.5- 27.5 LIMESTONE; WHITE; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN TYPE: CALCILUTITE; GRAIN SIZE:
MICROCRYSTALLINE; EQUIGRANULAR; GOOD INDURATION; CALCILUTITE MATRIX; QUARTZ SAND-
10%, HEAVY MINERALS-01%; LOW RECRYSTALLIZATION;

BED PINCHES OUT AT LOCATION OF MAXIMUM THICKNESS OF BLUFF

BED 10
27.5- 30.0 SAND; MODERATE REDDISH BROWN TO VERY LIGHT ORANGE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR;
GRAIN SIZE: COARSE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO VERY COARSE; ROUNDNESS: SUB-ANGULAR TO
ANGULAR; POOR INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; HEAVY MINERALS;-01%, MICA-01%, CLAY-08%;
UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 11
30.0- 30.5 LIMESTONE; GREENISH GRAY TO WHITE; POROSITY: MOLDIC; GRAIN TYPE: SKELETAL,
CALCILUTITE; 20% ALLOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS; GRAIN SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLINE; RANGE:
MICROCRYSTALLINE TO GRAVEL; GOOD INDURATION; SPARRY CALCITE CEMENT, CALCILUTITE
MATRIX; NODULAR, PHOSPHATIC SAND-01%, QUARTZ SAND-10%, DOLOMITE-15%; MEDIUM
RECRYSTALLIZATION; MOLLUSKS;

MOLDS ARE MOLLUSKS, DISCONTINUOUS BED

BED 12
30.5- 40.5 SAND; DARK GREEN TO WHITE; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN SIZE: FINE, RANGE: VERY
FINE TO VERY COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; MODERATE INDURATION; CLAY
MATRIX, CALCILUTITE MATRIX; PHOSPHATIC SAND-02%, SHELL-20%, MICA-01%, CLAY-05%;
MOLLUSKS, BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA;

CALCILUTITE 15 PERCENT

BED 13
40.5- 42.5 SAND; MODERATE BROWN TO WHITE; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE,
RANGE: VERY FINE TO VERY COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-ANGULAR; POOR
INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; PHOSPHATIC SAND-01%, SHELL-20%, MICA-01%, CLAY-15%;
MOLLUSKS;

BED 14
42.5- 44.0 SANDSTONE; DARK GREEN TO DARK REDDISH BROWN; POROSITY: MOLDIC; GRAIN SIZE: FINE,
RANGE: VERY FINE TO VERY COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-ANGULAR; MODERATE
INDURATION; IRON CEMENT, CLAY MATRIX; PHOSPHATIC SAND-01%, SHELL-08%, MICA-01%, CLAY-
12%; MOLLUSKS, FOSSIL MOLDS;

MOLDS ARE MOLLUSKS, LIMONITE 03 PERCENT

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

BED 15
44.0- 53.5 CLAY; DARK YELLOWISH BROWN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; MODERATE INDURATION;
HEAVY MINERALS; 05%, MICA-04%, QUARTZ SAND-20%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

SOMEWHAT BLOCKY

BED 16
53.5- 61.5 SAND; OLIVE GRAY TO MODERATE GRAY; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE,
RANGE: VERY FINE TO FINE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; MODERATE INDURATION; CLAY
MATRIX; MICA-01%, HEAVY MINERALS-02%, SILT-10%, CLAY-10%; FOSSIL MOLDS;

MOLDS ARE (VERY SCATTERED) MOLLUSKS

BED 17
61.5- 66.0 SAND; MODERATE BROWN TO DARK GRAY; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN SIZE: VERY
FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO FINE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; MODERATE INDURATION;
SILICIC CEMENT; HEAVY MINERALS-02%, MICA-03%, SILT-05%; FOSSIL MOLDS;

SILT ACTS AS MATRIX, MOLDS ARE (VERY SCATTERED) MOLLUSKS

BED 18
66.0- 78.5 SAND; VERY LIGHT ORANGE TO WHITE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE,
RANGE: VERY FINE TO VERY COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; POOR INDURATION;
CLAY MATRIX; MOTTLED, HEAVY MINERALS-02%, CLAY-05%, MICA-01%; FOSSIL MOLDS;

CONTAINS BLEBS OF SAND WITH GREATER AMOUNT OF CLAY MATRIX, TOP INTERBEDDED WITH
BED 19, MOLDS ARE (VERY SCATTERED) MOLLUSKS

BED 19
78.5- 93.5 SAND; WHITE TO LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: MEDIUM, RANGE: VERY
FINE TO GRANULE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; UNCONSOLIDATED; LAMINATED, HEAVY
MINERALS-01%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

LAMINAE CONTAIN SMALL AMOUNT OF CLAY MATRIX

BED 20
93.5- 94.0 SAND; MODERATE RED TO BLACKISH RED; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: MEDIUM,
RANGE: FINE TO GRAVEL; ROUNDNESS: ROUNDED TO SUB-ANGULAR; MODERATE INDURATION;
IRON CEMENT, CLAY MATRIX; LIMONITE-15%, CLAY-05%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED DISCONTINUOUS AND THIN, CONTAINS QUARTZ PEBBLES

BED 21
94.0- 105.0 SAND; WHITE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: MEDIUM, RANGE: VERY FINE TO
GRANULE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; UNCONSOLIDATED; LAMINATED, HEAVY
MINERALS-01%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

LAMINAE CONTAIN SMALL AMOUNT OF CLAY MATRIX

BED 22
105.0- 105.5 SAND; MODERATE GRAY TO MODERATE BROWN; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE:
MEDIUM, RANGE: VERY FINE TO COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-ANGULAR; POOR
INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; MOTTLED, HEAVY MINERALS-01%, CLAY-05%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 23
105.5- 106.5 SAND; LIGHT GRAY TO MODERATE BROWN; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: MEDIUM,
RANGE: VERY FINE TO COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-ANGULAR; UNCONSOLIDATED;
LAMINATED, HEAVY MINERALS-01%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BROWN LAMINAE CONTAIN SMALL AMOUNT OF CLAY MATRIX

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

BED 24
106.5- 107.5 SAND; MODERATE BROWN TO VERY LIGHT ORANGE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE:
MEDIUM, RANGE: VERY FINE TO COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-ANGULAR; POOR
INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; LAMINATED, HEAVY MINERALS-01%, CLAY-10%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 25
107.5- 109.0 CLAY; MODERATE RED TO MODERATE YELLOW; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; MODERATE
INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; QUARTZ SAND-30%, HEAVY MINERALS-01%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

SOMEWHAT BLOCKY

BED 26
109.0- 117.0 SAND; LIGHT BROWN TO MODERATE BROWN; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: MEDIUM,
RANGE: VERY FINE TO COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-ANGULAR; UNCONSOLIDATED;
LAMINATED, SILT-05%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

CONTAINS THIN, WIDELY-SPACED, BROWN LAMINATIONS WITH CLAY MATRIX

BED 27
117.0- 122.0 SAND; LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: MEDIUM, RANGE: VERY FINE TO
COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; UNCONSOLIDATED; PLANT REMAINS-02%, SILT-
05%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

122.0 TOP OF SECTION

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

OUTCROP 17
Estiffanulga Bluff
Liberty County
Citronelle Formation
The outcrop is owned by Mr. Richbourg, whose
residence is on top of the bluff. Access is most
easily gained at Richbourg's Landing (boat launch-
ing ramp) on the Apalachicola River. The beds here
are lithologically consistent across the bluff; how-
ever, beds within the Citronelle Formation in pan-
handle Florida can vary considerably across short
horizontal distances. Beds 1 and 2 are exposed
only during low water level on the river.
This outcrop is the southernmost of the bluff ex-
posures created by and located along the Apa-
lachicola River as it flows toward the Gulf of Mexico
through Florida. Typical Citronelle Formation is ex-

T2S, R8W, S16, B
Estiffanulga Quadrangle
posed here, including such lithologies as thick clay
beds (Bed 1) and limonite pavements (Bed 2). The
outcrop is first mentioned in the literature by
Schmidt (1983) in which the entire exposed section
was termed Citronelle Formation.

DIRECTIONS: Turn south onto S.R. 12 off of S.R.
20 in Bristol; turn right (southeast) onto S.R. 333
approximately 8 miles south of Bristol. Turn right
onto the paved road with the sign: "Richbourg's
Landing," approximately 1.6 miles south of the in-
tersection of S.R. 12 and S.R. 333.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

ESTIFFANULGA BLUFF, OUTCROP 17

BED 8
BED 7

UNDIFFERENTIATED
SEDIMENTS

FEET
25 -

8-

0 -

CITRONELLE FORMATION

BED 3

BED 2

BED 1

BED 6

BED 5

BED 4

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OUTCROP DATA PRINTOUT

OUTCROP NUMBER: 17 COUNTY LIBERTY

THICKNESS 25 FT. LOCATION: T.02S R.08W S.16 B
8 SAMPLES FROM 0 25 FT. LAT = N 30D 18M 36S
LON = W 85D 01M 07S

ELEVATION 54 FT.

OUTCROP NAME: ESTIFFANULGA BLUFF

0.0- 24.0 121CRNL CITRONELLE FM.
24.0- 25.0 09OUDSC UNDIFFERENTIATED SAND AND CLAY

BED 1
0.0- 8.0 CLAY; MODERATE GRAY TO MODERATE YELLOW; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; MODERATE
INDURATION; MOTTLED, PLASTIC; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 2
8.0- 8.5 SANDSTONE; MODERATE YELLOW TO MODERATE REDDISH ORANGE; POROSITY: LOW
PERMEABILITY; GRAIN SIZE: FINE, RANGE: FINE TO VERY COARSE; ROUNDNESS: SUB-ANGULAR;
GOOD INDURATION; IRON CEMENT; LAMINATED, MASSIVE, CLAY-05%, LIMONITE-20%;
UNFOSSILIFEROUS;
LIMONITE PAVEMENT AT BASE OF BED

BED 3
8.5- 13.5 SAND; WHITE TO DARK YELLOWISH ORANGE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: VERY
FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; POOR INDURATION;
CLAY MATRIX; LAMINATED, HEAVY MINERALS-01%, MICA-02%, CLAY-07%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 4
13.5- 15.5 SAND; GREENISH GRAY TO MODERATE YELLOW; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE:
MEDIUM, RANGE: VERY FINE TO VERY COARSE; ROUNDNESS: SUB-ANGULAR TO ANGULAR;
UNCONSOLIDATED; INTERBEDDED, LAMINATED, SILT-10%, HEAVY MINERALS-02%, MICA-01%,
LIMONITE-01%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

SAND AND SILT VERY THINLY INTERBEDDED, SOME THIN ZONES POORLY CEMENTED WITH
LIMONITE, CLAY 10 PERCENT

BED 5
15.5- 16.5 SAND; VERY LIGHT ORANGE TO WHITE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: FINE, RANGE:
VERY FINE TO COARSE; ROUNDNESS: SUB-ANGULAR TO ANGULAR; UNCONSOLIDATED; CROSS-
BEDDED, HEAVY MINERALS-01%, CLAY-03%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 6
16.5- 23.5 CLAY; MODERATE RED TO MODERATE YELLOW; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; MODERATE
INDURATION; QUARTZ SAND-01%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

MODERATELY BLOCKY TO NONBLOCKY

BED 7
23.5- 24.0 CLAY; LIGHT REDDISH BROWN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; MODERATE INDURATION; QUARTZ
SAND-10%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BLOCKY NEAR TOP OF BED, SANDIER AND LESS BLOCKY NEAR BASE OF BED

BED 8
24.0- 25.0 SAND; GRAYISH BROWN; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO
VERY COARSE; ROUNDNESS: SUB-ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; UNCONSOLIDATED; HEAVY MINERALS-
01%, SILT-01%, CLAY-02%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

25.0 TOP OF SECTION

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

OUTCROP 18
Jackson Bluff
Leon County
Hawthorn Group (Torreya Formation), Jackson
Bluff Formation and Miccosukee Formation
The outcrop was formerly administered by the
Florida Department of Natural Resources (1987).
At present (1989), the area is managed by the City
of Tallahassee. For access and permission to visit
the outcrop call (904) 925-6230.
This outcrop is a classic exposure, one which
has been called the type locality of the Jackson
Bluff Formation (Puri and Vernon, 1964). Also, the
Hawthorn-Jackson Bluff contact is very well ex-
posed here and the outcrop is easily accessible.
Matson and Clapp (1909) presented an unpub-
lished section (by T.W. Vaughn) wherein the lower
26.5 feet were unnamed, the fossiliferous marl (9.5
feet) in the middle was called the Choctawhatchee
Marl (Miocene), and the upper 21 feet were un-
named sand. Cooke and Mossom (1929) termed
the lowest 29.1 feet of the section the Hawthorn
Formation, the middle fossiliferous 16.5 feet the
Choctawhatchee Formation and the uppermost
coarse sand bed (15.1 feet) a terrace deposit.
Cooke (1945) described the section at Jackson
Bluff as follows: the basal 29.1 feet were Hawthorn
Formation (Middle Miocene), the middle 16.5 feet
were Duplin Marl (Upper Miocene) and the top 15.1
feet of sand and pebbles were terrace deposits

T1S, R4W, S20, AA
Bloxham Quadrangle
(Pleistocene). Puri and Vernon (1964) described
the basal 34.5 feet here as Hawthorn Formation,
the middle, shelly material (9.5 feet) as Jackson
Bluff Formation and the upper sand (2 feet) as
Pleistocene Series. Yon (1965) called the lower 26
feet at this exposure the Hawthorn Formation, the
next upward 16 feet of fossiliferous marl the Jack-
son Bluff Formation, the overlying 6 feet of clayey
sand the Miccosukee Formation, and the upper-
most 6 feet of sand Pleistocene.
At present, the Jackson Bluff Formation and the
uppermost 5 feet of Hawthorn Group, Torreya For-
mation, sediments are exposed in an old quarry
extending perpendicular to the Ochlockonee River
at Jackson Bluff on the south side of the river. This
is considered the type exposure of the Jackson
Bluff Formation. The remainder of the section
(Hawthorn Group, Torreya Formation) is exposed
just below the dam, also on the south side of the
river. The upper 7 feet (beds 9-21) of red to orange
sand are considered to be Miccosukee Formation
(Yon, 1965) and are discontinuous in this area.
Beds 1 through 7 can only be seen at low water,
which generally occurs twice a year, in November
and June.

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

JACKSON BLUFF, OUTCROP 18

BED
BED

BED

SBED
BED

BED

MICCOSUKEE FORMATION

JACKSON BLUFF FORMATION

BED 15

BED

BED

BED

BED

BED 10

BED

BED

BED

BED

BED

BED

BED
BED
BED

TORREYA FORMATION

FEET
47 -

40 -

30 -

0-

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OUTCROP DATA PRINTOUT

OUTCROP NUMBER: 18

THICKNESS 47 FT.
21 SAMPLES FROM 0 47 FT.

ELEVATION 80 FT.

OUTCROP NAME: JACKSON BLUFF

0.0- 30.0 122TORR
30.0- 40.0 122JKBL
40.0- 47.0 122MCSK

BED 1
0.0-

COUNTY LEON

LOCATION: T.01S R.04W S.20 AA
LAT = N 30D 23M 13S
LON = W 84D 38M 48S

TORREYA FM.
JACKSON BLUFF FM.
MICCOSUKEE FM

1.0 LIMESTONE; WHITE TO LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN TYPE: CALCILUTITE;
GRAIN SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLINE; EQUIGRANULAR; MODERATE INDURATION; CALCILUTITE
MATRIX; QUARTZ SAND-08%; LOW RECRYSTALLIZATION; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

FORMS BENCH AT OR NEAR WATER LEVEL

BED 2
1.0-

1.5 SAND; VERY LIGHT ORANGE TO LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: MEDIUM,
RANGE: VERY FINE TO VERY COARSE; ROUNDNESS: SUB-ANGULAR TO ANGULAR; POOR
INDURATION; CALCILUTITE MATRIX; LAMINATED, CROSS-BEDDED, CALCILUTITE-07%;
UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

OCCURS AS LENSES, DISCONTINUOUS

BED 3
1.5-

BED 4
2.5-

BED 5
6.5-

BED 6
7.5-

BED 7
10.5-

2.5 LIMESTONE; MODERATE BLUISH GRAY TO LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN
TYPE: CALCILUTITE; GRAIN SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLINE; EQUIGRANULAR; POOR INDURATION;
CALCILUTITE MATRIX; CLAY-10%, QUARTZ SAND-20%; LOW RECRYSTALLIZATION;
UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

6.5 LIMESTONE; WHITE TO LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN TYPE: CALCILUTITE;
GRAIN SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLINE; EQUIGRANULAR; MODERATE INDURATION; CALCILUTITE
MATRIX; QUARTZ SAND-08%; LOW RECRYSTALLIZATION; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

7.5 SAND; LIGHT GRAY TO MODERATE YELLOW; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE,
RANGE: VERY FINE TO COARSE; ROUNDNESS: SUB-ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; UNCONSOLIDATED;
MOTTLED, PHOSPHATIC SAND-01%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

10.5 CLAY; LIGHT BLUE GREEN TO MODERATE GREEN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; MODERATE
INDURATION; QUARTZ SAND-05%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

SEMIBLOCKY AND WAXY TO NONBLOCKY (WHEN SANDY)

11.5 SAND; MODERATE BROWN TO LIGHT GRAY; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: FINE,
RANGE: VERY FINE TO VERY COARSE; ROUNDNESS: SUB-ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; POOR
INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; MOTTLED, LAMINATED, CROSS-BEDDED,. CLAY-15%, PHOSPHATIC
SAND-01%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

SOME BLEBS, LAMINAE AND ZONES OF SANDY CLAY

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

BED 8
11.5- 15.5 LIMESTONE; WHITE TO MODERATE YELLOW; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN TYPE:
CALCILUTITE; GRAIN SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLINE; EQUIGRANULAR; POOR INDURATION;
CALCILUTITE MATRIX; MOTTLED, QUARTZ SAND-10%, PHOSPHATIC SAND-01%, CLAY-08%; LOW
RECRYSTALLIZATION; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

CONTAINS GREEN CLAY BLEBS

BED 9
15.5- 16.5 LIMESTONE, MODERATE GRAY TO LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: VUGULAR; GRAIN TYPE: CRYSTALS,
CALCILUTITE; 05% ALLOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE; RANGE:
MICROCRYSTALLINE TO COARSE; GOOD INDURATION; SPARRY CALCITE CEMENT, CALCILUTITE
MATRIX; QUARTZ SAND-10%, PHOSPHATE SAND-01%; HIGH RECRYSTALLIZATION;
UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 10
16.5- 21.5 SAND; LIGHT GRAY TO VERY LIGHT ORANGE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: FINE,
RANGE: VERY FINE TO COARSE; ROUNDNESS: SUB-ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; POOR INDURATION;
CLAY MATRIX; MOTTLED, CLAY-15%, PHOSPHATE SAND-01%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BLEBS OF WHITE CLAY PRESENT

BED 11
21.5- 23.5 CLAY; LIGHT GREENISH GRAY TO LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; MODERATE
INDURATION; MOTTLED, QUARTZ SAND-04%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

MODERATELY WAXY, NOT BLOCKY BUT RELATIVELY RESISTANT TO WEATHERING

BED 12
23.5- 25.5 CLAY; GREENISH GRAY TO LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; MODERATE
INDURATION; MOTTLED, QUARTZ SAND-08%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

MODERATELY WAXY, NOT BLOCKY BUT RELATIVELY RESISTANT TO WEATHERING

BED 13
25.5- 29.5 CLAY; LIGHT GRAY TO LIGHT BROWNISH GRAY; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; MODERATE
INDURATION; MOTTLED, DOLOMITE-40%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 14
29.5 30.0 DOLOMITE; MODERATE GRAY TO MODERATE YELLOW; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; 90-100%
ALTERED; EUHEDRAL; GRAIN SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLINE; EQUIGRANULAR; GOOD INDURATION;
DOLOMITE CEMENT; NODULAR, HIGH RECRYSTALLIZATION; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

OCCURS AS NODULES, LENSES AND ZONES

BED 15
30.0- 35.0 LIMESTONE; MODERATE OLIVE BROWN TO MODERATE REDDISH BROWN; POROSITY: LOW
PERMEABILITY; GRAIN TYPE: SKELETAL, CALCILUTITE; 25% ALLOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS; GRAIN
SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLINE; RANGE: MICROCRYSTALLINE TO GRAVEL; POOR INDURATION;
CALCILUTITE MATRIX; QUARTZ SAND-10%; PHOSPHATIC SAND-02%, CLAY-04%; MEDIUM
RECRYSTALLIZATION; MOLLUSKS, BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA, PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA;

LESS ARGILLACEOUS AND MORE CONSOLIDATED THAN BEDS 16 AND 17

BED 16
35.0- 37.0 LIMESTONE; MODERATE GRAY TO LIGHT BLUISH GRAY; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN
TYPE: SKELETAL, CALCILUTITE; 20% ALLOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS; GRAIN SIZE:
MICROCRYSTALLINE; RANGE: MICROCRYSTALLINE TO GRAVEL; POOR INDURATION; CALCILUTITE
MATRIX; QUARTZ SAND-30%, PHOSPHATE SAND-03%, CLAY-08%; LOW RECRYSTALLIZATION;
MOLLUSKS, BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA, PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERA, CORAL;

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

BED 17
37.0- 40.0 LIMESTONE; LIGHT BLUISH GRAY TO VERY LIGHT ORANGE; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; GRAIN
TYPE: SKELETAL, CALCILUTITE; 20% ALLOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS; GRAIN SIZE:
MICROCRYSTALLINE; RANGE: MICROCRYSTALLINE TO GRAVEL; POOR INDURATION; CALCILUTITE
MATRIX; MOTTLED, QUARTZ SAND-20%, PHOSPHATIC SAND-01%, CLAY-08%; LOW
RECRYSTALLIZATION; MOLLUSKS;

BED 18
40.0- 40.5 SAND; DARK REDDISH BROWN; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE, RANGE:
VERY FINE TO COARSE; ROUNDNESS: SUB-ANGULAR; MODERATE INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX;
HEAVY MINERALS-01%, CLAY-15%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 19
40.5- 44.5 SAND; MODERATE REDDISH ORANGE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE,
RANGE: VERY FINE TO MEDIUM; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; POOR INDURATION; CLAY
MATRIX; HEAVY MINERALS-01%, CLAY-01%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 20
44.5- 45.0 SAND; LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE
TO GRANULE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; UNCONSOLIDATED; HEAVY MINERALS-01%;
UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 21
45.0- 47.0 SAND; GRAYISH BROWN; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE, RANGE: VERY
FINE TO VERY COARSE; ROUNDNESS: SUB-ANGULAR; UNCONSOLIDATED; PLANT REMAINS-20%,
HEAVY MINERALS-01%, SILT-05%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

47.0 TOP OF SECTION

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

OUTCROP 19
Big Dismal Sink
Leon County
Chattahoochee and St. Marks Formations and
Hawthorn Group, Torreya Formation
The outcrop is owned by the U.S. Department
of Agriculture, Forest Service (Apalachicola Na-
tional Forest). This outcrop is an accessible, rela-
tively thick, naturally exposed section showing
three different units and the contacts between
them. Nowhere else in this area are these rela-
tionships better exposed.
Cooke (1945) stated that the Tampa Limestone
occupied the lower 35 feet (above water level) of
a sinkhole in this area which probably was Big Dis-
mal Sink. Above the Tampa, he said, was a "patch"
of Late Miocene shell marl (Duplin Marl).
At present, the formations exposed in this sink-
hole, from the water level upward are considered
to be Chattahoochee Formation (beds 1 and 2),
St. Marks Formation (beds 3-6) and Torreya For-
mation, Hawthorn Group (bed 7). The upper un-
differentiated, siliciclastic section above the
Hawthorn is completely covered due to slumping.
Differentiation between the St. Marks Formation
and the Chattahoochee Formation is predomi-
nantly on the basis of mineral composition: the St.
Marks is calcite whereas the Chattahoochee is do-
lomite. Usually, the St. Marks is harder, more re-

T2S, R1W, S17, B
Lake Munson Quadrangle
crystallized, has more moldic porosity, and lacks
substantial quantities of quartz sand. The Chatta-
hoochee typically is relatively soft, fine grained and
homogeneous, and contains very fine quartz sand.
The Torreya in this area (bed 7) is very sandy,
crumbly, moldic limestone and is discontinuous.

DIRECTIONS: Take U.S. 319 south from Talla-
hassee. Turn right (west) on the dirt road which is
0.5 mile north of the county line between Wakulla
and Leon Counties. Turn right on the dirt road 0.1
mile from U.S. 319, drive approximately 0.2 mile
and bear left at the intersection. Big Dismal Sink
is approximately 0.5 mile along that road to the
right (north). At present (1989), the Forest Service
has closed the Leon Sinks area to vehicular traffic.
Access is by foot only. This is the U.S. Department
of Agriculture's newly designated Leon Sinks Geo-
logical Area. Several additional sinks and a natural
bridge are part of this area. A thin section exposing
Chattahoochee Formation can be found at the nat-
ural bridge, however, none of the other sinks exhibit
as thick a section as at Big Dismal Sink.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

BIG DISMAL SINK, OUTCROP 19

COVERED

BED 7

BED6
BED5

BED 4

BED 3
BED 2

BED 1

TORREYA FORMATION

ST. MARKS FORMATION

CHATTAHOOCHEE FORMATION

FEET
58 -

33 -

17

7 -

0-

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OUTCROP DATA PRINTOUT

OUTCROP NUMBER: 19

THICKNESS 58 FT.
8 SAMPLES FROM 0 58 FT.

COUNTY LEON

LOCATION: T.02S R.01W S.17 B
LAT = N 30D 18M 56S
LON = W 84D 21M 06S

ELEVATION 70 FT.

OUTCROP NAME: BIG DISMAL SINK

0.0-
7.0-
17.0-
33.0-

BED 1
0.0-

BED 2
4.0-

BED 3
7.0-

BED 4
7.5-

BED 5
13.5-

BED 6
16.5-

122CTTC
122MRK
122TORR
000NDSM

CHATTAHOOCHEE FM.
ST. MARKS FM.
TORREYA FM.
COVERED

4.0 DOLOMITE; LIGHT BROWN TO MODERATE BROWN; POROSITY: MOLDIC, POROSITY: VUGULAR; 50-
90% ALTERED; EUHEDRAL; GRAIN SIZE: FINE; RANGE: FINE TO COARSE; GOOD INDURATION;
DOLOMITE CEMENT, SPARRY CALCITE CEMENT; CALCITE-10%, QUARTZ SAND-10%; HIGH
RECRYSTALLIZATION; FOSSIL MOLDS;

MOLDS ARE MOLLUSKS

7.0 DOLOMITE; LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; 90-100% ALTERED; EUHEDRAL; GRAIN
SIZE: VERY FINE; EQUIGRANULAR; GOOD INDURATION; DOLOMITE CEMENT; CLAY-10%, QUARTZ
SAND-03%; HIGH RECRYSTALLIZATION; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

VERY HOMOGENEOUS AND FINE-GRAINED, SOME ARGILLACEOUS ZONES

7.5 CLAY; LIGHT GREEN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; POOR INDURATION; QUARTZ SAND-05%;
UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BLOCKY, WAXY

13.5 LIMESTONE; LIGHT BROWN TO VERY LIGHT ORANGE; POROSITY: MOLDIC; GRAIN TYPE:
CALCILUTITE; GRAIN SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLINE; EQUIGRANULAR; POOR INDURATION;
CALCILUTITE MATRIX; QUARTZ SAND-01%; LOW RECRYSTALLIZATION; FOSSIL MOLDS;

MOLDS ARE MOLLUSKS

16.5 LIMESTONE; WHITE; POROSITY: MOLDIC; GRAIN TYPE: CALCILUTITE, SKELETAL; 10%
ALLOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE; RANGE: MICROCRYSTALLINE TO
GRAVEL; MODERATE INDURATION; CALCILUTITE MATRIX; QUARTZ SAND-01%; LOW
RECRYSTALLIZATION; FOSSIL MOLDS;

MODERATELY HARD, SORITES SP. PRESENT, MOLDS ARE MOLLUSKS

17.0 CLAY; DARK GREEN TO MODERATE BROWN; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; MODERATE
INDURATION; MOTTLED, QUARTZ SAND-25%, PHOSPHATIC SAND-01%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

DISCONTINUOUS

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

BED 7
17.0- 33.0 LIMESTONE; LIGHT BROWNISH GRAY TO LIGHT GRAYISH BROWN; POROSITY: MOLDIC; GRAIN TYPE:
SKELETAL, CALCILUTITE; 40% ALLOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS; GRAIN SIZE: COARSE; RANGE:
MICROCRYSTALLINE TO GRAVEL; POOR INDURATION; CALCILUTUTE MATRIX, SPARRY CALCITE
CEMENT; MOTTLED, QUARTZ SAND-25%; LOW RECRYSTALLIZATION; MOLLUSKS, FOSSIL MOLDS;

OYSTERS AND PECTENS PRESENT, MOLDS ARE MOLLUSKS

33.0- 58.0 COVERED
58.0 TOP OF SECTION

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

OUTCROP 20
Gopher Sink
Leon County
Chattahoochee and St. Marks Formations
The sinkhole is located along a dirt road which
intersects U.S. 319 1.15 miles north of the Leon-
Wakulla county line, south of Tallahassee. This out-
crop is very easily accessible and shows the pin-
nacled (weathered and eroded) nature of the top
of the carbonate section which is very common
throughout Florida. It also shows the contact be-
tween the Chattahoochee and St. Marks Forma-
tions. The only St. Marks present in the sinkhole
is a pinnacle in the northwestern wall of the sink.
At present, the formations exposed here are con-
sidered to be Chattahoochee Formation (bed 1),
St. Marks Formation (bed 2) and undifferentiated
sand and clay (beds 3-13). Well exposed here are

T2S, R1W, S16, AB
Lake Munson Quadrangle
the undifferentiated siliciclastics characteristic of
the coastal lowlands portion of the Florida pan-
handle where limestone is close to the surface.
This sand and clay unit can be compared to well
defined Citronelle Formation (Outcrops 2, 16, 17)
and Miccosukee Formation (Outcrop 22).

DIRECTIONS: Drive south on U.S. 319 from Tal-
lahassee. Turn east onto the dirt road approxi-
mately 3.15 miles south of the intersection of U.S.
319 and S.R. 61. Follow this road about 0.35 mile
south from U.S. 319. The sinkhole is on the west
side of the dirt road.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GOPHER SINK, OUTCROP 20

BED 13

BED 12

BED 11

BED 10

BED 9

BED 8

UNDIFFERENTIATED
SEDIMENTS

BED
BED

BED 5

BED 4

BED 3

BED 2

BED 1

ST. MARKS FORMATION

CHATTAHOOCHEE FORMATION

FEET
33 -

12 -

4-

0-

SPECIAL PUBLICATION No. 30

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OUTCROP DATA PRINTOUT

OUTCROP NUMBER: 20 COUNTY LEON

THICKNESS 33 FT. LOCATION: T.02S R.01W S.16 AB
13 SAMPLES FROM 0 33 FT. LAT = N 30D 18M 54S
LON = W84D20M 11S

ELEVATION 35 FT.

OUTCROP NAME: GOPHER SINK

0.0- 4.0 122CTTC CHATTAHOOCHEE FM.
4.0- 12.0 122SMRK ST. MARKS FM.
12.0- 33.0 09OUDSC UNDIFFERENTIATED SAND AND CLAY

BED1
0.0- 4.0 DOLOMITE; WHITE TO VERY LIGHT ORANGE; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; 50-90% ALTERED;
EUHEDRAL; GRAIN SIZE: MICROCRYSTALLINE; RANGE: MICROCRYSTALLINE TO VERY FINE; GOOD
INDURATION; DOLOMITE CEMENT; QUARTZ SAND-10%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

FORMS SERIES OF LEDGES AT, BELOW AND JUST ABOVE WATER LEVEL

BED 2
4.0- 12.0 LIMESTONE; WHITE; POROSITY: MOLDIC; GRAIN TYPE: CALCILUTITE; GRAIN SIZE:
MICROCRYSTALLINE; EQUIGRANULAR; GOOD INDURATION; CALCILUTITE MATRIX; QUARTZ SAND-
02%; FOSSIL MOLDS;

MOLDS ARE MOLLUSKS, BED IS DISCONTINUOUS

BED 3
12.0- 15.5 CLAY; MODERATE GRAYISH GREEN TO WHITE; POROSITY: LOW PERMEABILITY; MODERATE
INDURATION; MOTTLED, QUARTZ SAND-15%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BLOCKY, COMMON BLEBS OF WHITE NONBLOCKY CLAY, DISCONTINUOUS

BED 4
15.5- 16.5 SAND; VERY LIGHT ORANGE TO MODERATE REDDISH ORANGE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR;
GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO COARSE; ROUNDNESS: SUB-ANGULAR TO
ROUNDED; UNCONSOLIDATED; CLAY-01%, HEAVY MINERALS-01%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

DISCONTINUOUS BED

BED 5
16.5- 18.5 SAND; DARK YELLOWISH ORANGE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: FINE, RANGE: VERY
FINE TO COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-ANGULAR; POOR INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX;
HEAVY MINERALS-01%, CLAY-05%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 6
18.5- 19.5 SAND; WHITE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO
MEDIUM; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; UNCONSOLIDATED; HEAVY MINERALS-01%, MICA-
01%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 7
19.5- 20.5 SAND; MODERATE RED; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: MEDIUM, RANGE: VERY FINE
TO VERY COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; POOR INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX;
HEAVY MINERALS-01%, MICA-01%, CLAY-13%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

BED 8
20.5- 22.5 SAND; MODERATE RED TO MODERATE REDDISH ORANGE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN
SIZE: FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO VERY COURSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED;
MODERATE INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; LAMINATED, BANDED, MICA-01%, CLAY-13%;
UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 9
22.5- 24.5 SAND; WHITE TO MODERATE REDDISH ORANGE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: FINE,
RANGE: VERY FINE TO VERY COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-ANGULAR; POOR
INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; LAMINATED, HEAVY MINERALS-01%, MICA-01%, CLAY-06%;
UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 10
24.5- 25.5 SAND; MODERATE REDDISH ORANGE TO LIGHT YELLOWISH ORANGE; POROSITY:
INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO VERY COARSE; ROUNDNESS:
ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; MODERATE INDURATION; CLAY MATRIX; HEAVY MINERALS-01%, CLAY-
15%; UNFOSSILFEROUS;

BED 11
25,5- 28.5 SAND; LIGHT BROWN TO VERY LIGHT ORANGE; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: VERY
FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO VERY COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO SUB-ANGULAR;
UNCONSOLIDATED; LAMINATED, HEAVY MINERALS-01%, CLAY-02%; UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 12
28.5- 32.5 SAND; LIGHT BROWN; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: VERY FINE. RANGE: VERY FINE
TO COARSE; ROUNDNESS: ANGULAR TO ROUNDED; UNCONSOLIDATED; HEAVY MINERALS-O1%;
UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

BED 13
32.5- 33,0 SAND; MODERATE GRAY; POROSITY: INTERGRANULAR; GRAIN SIZE: FINE, RANGE: VERY FINE TO
COARSE; ROUNDNESS: SUB-ANGULAR; UNCONSOLIDATED; PLANT REMAINS-10%, SILT-02%;
UNFOSSILIFEROUS;

33,0 TOP OF SECTION

	Front Cover
	Front Matter
	Title Page
	Letter of transmittal
	Table of Contents
	Acknowledgement
	Abstract
	Introduction
	Purpose and methods
	Outcrop location systems and Panhandle...
	Panhandle outcrops
	North Peninsula Zone stratigra...
	North Peninsula outcrops
	South Peninsula Zone stratigra...
	South Peninsula outcrops
	References
	Back Matter
	Back Cover

MILLISECOND	CLASS.METHOD	MESSAGE
0	sobekcm_page_globals.constructor
0	sobekcm_page_globals.constructor	Application State validated or built
0	sobekcm_database.verify_item_lookup_object
0	sobekcm_page_globals.constructor	Navigation Object created from URI query string
0	sobekcm_database.verify_item_lookup_object
0	sobekcm_page_globals.display_item	Retrieving item or group information
0	sobekcm_page_globals.get_entire_collection_hierarchy	Retrieving hierarchy information
0	sobekcm_assistant.get_entire_collection_hierarchy
0	cached_data_manager.retrieve_item_aggregation
0	cached_data_manager.retrieve_item_aggregation	Found item aggregation on local cache
0	item_aggregation_builder.get_item_aggregation	Found 'all' item aggregation in cache
0	system.web.ui.page.page_load (ufdc.page_load)
0	sobekcm_page_globals.constructor.on_page_load
0	html_echo_mainwriter.add_style_references	Adding style references to HTML
0	html_echo_mainwriter.add_text_to_page	Reading the text from the file and echoing back to the output stream
46	html_echo_mainwriter.add_text_to_page	Finished reading and writing the file