Stratigraphic and paleontologic studies of wells in Florida no. 4. (FGS: Geological Bulletin28) (1945)

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

BULLETIN TWENTY-EIGHT Fro,

*S -- . r
:A~ t~ *f

44: *"' *~i *

,IltI
'I if IL *
K, -

4*1
't I:

;r.e .1 *r' ,
rr9
*I I.
f !t~ I..

I~ 4,
Ar. ,,,

.4

:"A
&*,

if''

-p

** -.. I. N s*

PHOTO BY S. MONTY DOUGLASS, CITY OF TALLAHASSEE, POLICE

Pumping station City of Tallahassee water well No.

6 in Lafayette Park

STATE OF FLORIDA

DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION
Florida Geological Survey

E. RICE, Supervisor of Conservation

HERMAN GUNTER, Director, Geological Survey

GEOLOGICAL BULLETIN No. 28

STRATIGRAPHIC

AND

PALEONTOLOGIC

STUDIES

OF WELLS IN FLORIDA-No. 4
City of Tallahassee water well No. 6
Dale Mabry Field water well "B"

Ravlin-Brown,

G. Philips No. 1 well

W. STORRS COLE, Ph.D.
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY

,7~(j3

Manuscript received October

January

Published May,

1944

1945

1945

FLORIDA GROWER PRESS

, Tampa

LETTER

OF TRANSMITTAL

HONORABLE S. E. RICE
Supervisor of Conservation
Florida State Board of Conservation

Sir:

I have the honor to transmit a
PALEONTOLOGIC STUDIES
Dr. W. Storrs Cole of Ohio Statr
lished as Geological Bulletin No.

report entitled STRATIGRAPHIC AND
OF WELLS IN FLORIDA-No. 4, by
e University, Columbus, Ohio, to be pub-
28.

This is the fifth of the series of bulletins sett

Dr. Cole's studies of samples from wells in ]
the cuttings from two water wells-City
Dale Mabry Field water well "B" and the cu
oil, namely, the Ravlin-Brown V. G. Philips
The general area in which these wells are l

Florida
of Tal
things
No. 1
Stated

ing forth the results of
. This bulletin considers
lahassee well No. 6 and
and cores from a test for
well in Wakulla County.
is one which has offered

considerable difficulty in studying cuttings and arriving at definite conclu-
sions as to the geologic age to which they should be assigned. Some of these
difficulties may be because of the paucity of data available for study. But

the area has been subject
On this account determi

be made, or if
lation of data
it is therefore
to preserve cul
The region is
tural point of
data from wel
present study

opinion

that

t

made
the p
hoped

only
roble
that

:tings from
one that oi
view and
Is, particul
by Dr. C
he area mi

ed to weathering agencies, particularly solution.
nation of the micro-fossils frequently can not
with doubt and reservations. With the accumu-
ms which now give concern may be solved and
those who drill wells in this region will arrange
t the surface to the completed depth of the well.
offers difficulties both from a geologic and struc-
much light can be given through the saving of
arly those of a few hundred feet in depth. The
;ole indicates the difficulties and confirms the

ght very app

ropriately be

termed

tion between those of the predominant plastic character of
the almost entirely calcareous character of the peninsula.

one of transi-
the north and

The report, too, contributes definitely to the larger problem of structure
and stratigraphy of the whole State of Florida.
Let me thank you for the cordial cooperation you have always shown in
the investigations made by the Geological Survey. Your uniform courtesy
has made our work lighter and one of pleasure.

CONTENTS

PAGE

Introduction

Acknowledgments -
City of Tallahassee water wel
Stratigraphy -
Miocene -

Hawthorn

-453)

formation

Tampa limestone -
Oligocene -
Suwannee limestone

Upper Eocene

Paleontological

record

Dale Mabry Field water wel
Stratigraphy -
Miocene -

(W-

95)- 1
95) 1

Hawthorn
Tampa lin

formation

nestone

Oligocene -
Suwannee limestone

Paleontological

record

-95)

Comparison of the City of Tallahassee

water wel

and the

Dale Mabry

Field

water

well

Descriptions of species
Valvulinidae -

Coskinolina
Dictyoconus
Camerinidae -

Opercldinoides
Orbitoididae -

floridana
cooktei

Cole -
[Moberg)

vicksburgensis

Vaughan and Cole

Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina)

parvula

Cushman

yurnagunensis Cushman

yurnagunensts

Cushman,

variety morganopsis
Vaughan

(Ne

phrole

pidina) leonensis Cole,
sanfernandensis
and Col
tallahassee

n. sp.
Vaughan
e, variety
nsis Cole,

var.

suwanneensis C

(Eule

pidina) favosa

Cushman

1

=

Ravlin-Brown

Philips No. 1

well

(.W-440)

(continued)

PAGE

Location -
Stratigraphy
Miocene

Tampa
Oligocene

limestone

Suwannee limestone

Upper

Eocene

Ocala

Middle

limestone

Eocene

Lisbon formation

Lower

Eocene

Wilcox

group

Paleocene

Midway

formation

Upper Cretaceous

Selma

formation

Eutaw formation

Tuscaloosa

Paleontological

Descriptions
Descriptions

formation

record

cores

species

Valvulinidae

Lituonella floridana Cole

Coskinolina

floridana

Cole

Dicyoconus americanus
cookei (M

Eodictyoconus cubensis
Miliolidae -

(Cushman)
oberg) -

(Cushman and Bermud

Fabtdaria vaughani Cole and Ponton
Camerinidae -

Camerina jacksonensis

Gravell

Hanna

moodybranchensis Gravell and Hanna
vanderstoki (Rutten and Vermunt)

Operculinoides cooked

vaughani
willcoxi

(Cushman)

(Cushman)
(Heilprin)

Opercudina

barkeri Vaughan and

Cole

Heterostegina texana Gravell and Hanna
Rotaliidae -

Camagueyia

perplexa Cole and Bermudez

Orbitoididae -
Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) ariana Cole and Ponton

cedarkeysensis

Cole

I 4

-

dI

l f f.

J

ILLUSTRA

TIONS

Figures

PAGE

Frontispiece

Figure 1

Index

map

showing

location

City

Tallahassee

Dale Mabry Field wells

Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.

Log of the City of Tallaha

ssee

water wel

Log of the Dale Mabry Field water well -

Drilling rig Ravlin-Brown,

Index

map

showing

Philips No.

location

1 well

Ravlin-Brown

.G.

Figure 6.
Figure 7.

Philips No. 1
Log of Ravlin-Brown,

Spudding-in

activities

well

I. G. Philips No.
at Ravlin-Brown

well
well

.G.

Philips

well

Figure 8

Schlumberger
well

log of Ravlin-Brown,

.G.

Philips

Plates

Plates

Foraminifera from City of Tallahassee

and Dale Mabry

Field

wells

Plates 1

Foraminifera

from

Ravlin-Brown,

Philips

well

ABLES

Table

Measurements of Operculinoides vicksburgensis and Oper

culinoides

lmumlrS

Table

Measurements of verti

nandensis var.

al sections of L
tallahasseensis

epidocyclina sanfer-

var.

Table

Table

Measurements of the embryonic apparatus of Lepidocyclina
sanfernandensis var. tallahasseensis, n. var. -

Measurements

horizontal

sections

Helicol

epidina

Table

paucispira -
Measurements of vertical sections of Helicol

epidina pauci-

Table
Table
Table

spira -
Measurements of Cantmerina moodybranchensis

Measurements of
Measurements of

Operculinoides

Operculina

barker

____ C C. -i A

willcoxi

I

q

L*ll

Tables

(continued)

PAGE

Table 14.

Measurements of vertical

sections of

Lepidocyclina mac

donaldi

Table

Measurements

horizontal

sections

Lepidocyclina

macdonaldi

Table

Measurements

transverse

sections

Lepidocyclina

m ortoni

Table 1

Measurements

of horizontal section of Lepidocyclina mor-

toni

STRATIGRAPHIC

AND

PALEONTOLOGIC

STUDIES

OF WELLS

FLORIDA

No.

City of Tallahassee water well No. 6

Dale

Mabry

Field

water well

Ravlin-Brown,
W.S

G. Philips No. 1 well

;TORRS COLE

OHIO

STATE

UNIVERSITY

INTRODUCTION

Four bulletins

sent a

detailed

which an attempt has been made to

analysis of

selected

well

in Florida have

pre-
been

published. This bulletin i
Tallahassee are analyzed i
of the wells studied for

n which three wells in the vicinity of

the fifth in the series.

this

bulletin

The locations

are shown in Figures

and 5.

Samples fro
Tallahassee

No.

6 (W

ied first.
Oligocene

well

were

not present
problems,

water
were

City
well
stud-

The Miocene and

portions
normal
t any pa
but th

of
and

FIGURE

this
did

,rticular
le final

S- Loco ion of

-wll,

0 t

-~r
N--. .r
^/*"L-- ,-

samples from this well con-

tainted

specimens

larger

Foraminifera representing
upper Eocene species which

have

not

been

previously from t
Eocene of Florida.

reported
:he upper

-.. *

Figure 1.

Location of City of Tal-

lahassee well and Dale Mabry Field
water well "B".

Although these species conclusively demon-

state

that

this

well

penetrated

upper

Eocene,

the exact

tratigraphic

zones in

fore,

Mr,

relationship

the upper
. Gunter

this

zone

Eocene could not

suggested

to other

well

ascertained.

that the samples

from

known
There-

Dale

-453)

im

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TWENTY-EIGHT

Mabry Field water well "B"

(W-95)

should be examined as

they might yield more information.

Unfortunately, the Dale Mabry Field water well "B" was
not drilled deep enough to furnish the desired information,
but a very large and well preserved fauna of larger Foramini-
fera was found in the Oligocene portion of this well. In order
that this fauna might be recorded the decision was made .to
study this well in detail.
Mossom' indicates that the top of the Ocala limestone should
be encountered at approximately 450 feet below sea level in
the vicinity of Tallahassee. The data available to Mossom were
quite meager and poor. The present study shows that at Tal-
lahassee the top of the upper Eocene occurs at approximately
220 feet below sea level. Whether the upper Eocene repre-
sents the Ocala or a new formation in this area will be dis-
cussed later in this bulletin.

fr(
M

All of the types and other specimens described or identified
om these wells are filed in the Florida Geological Survey
useum at Tallahassee, Florida.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

It is a distinct pleasure to acknowledge the assistance that
has been received during the progress of this study. Mr. Her-
man Gunter has given many valuable suggestions and his con-
stant encouragement has been a source of inspiration during
the tedious phases of this problem. Dr. T. Wayland Vaughan

examined

certain

specimens

and

wrote

detailed

opinions,

many of which are quoted in later sections. The U. S. Geo-
logical Survey and Dr. John W. Wells took the excellent pho-
tomicrographs of the external views. Mr. James R. Galbraith
Jr. described most of the samples from the City of Tallahassee
water well. The writer made the thifi sections and took the
photomicrographs of these.

STRATIGRAPHIC AND PALEONTOLOGIC STUDIES OF WELLS

* :'***** ** *-** *
j'jt ..;,:.,
- -
--
-
--
-
-I -r -
- -~i

** *

*3 ***i * *

S! I* I S. I
I I-".'
*IE-EIPI

r-x--

mix
*~ Lr-

ri-mh--

m il.:.,-J

. 1 1U. 1

. *I. *"* l" ..
S S~ i '. i" *r I

* *S St ..* S
5 0

l 1 .
r-9 S -rz.* '-S

Il r m-rL
5irc3a- r -=J

I 1

UTI II

Surface sand, iron stoined

Greenish, yellow, orange

No simple

White

Cream-colored, compact

SCan

level

White, hard

Cream-colored, hard

White, hard, gronular

I

Smaol

Foraminifero

Brown, hard, doom tic

~White, porous
Tan to brown

Wh/e, porous, foromin/feral

0

EOCENEI

WAll II 5

I

wFv

I

IW

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TWENTY-EIGHT

County, Floi
Township 1

post

office

:ida.

The exact location of this well is section 30,

N., Range 1 E., about 4100 feet northeast of the
nd the elevation of the well is 186.6 feet above

sea level.

This well was started
first to a depth of 310 f
The drilling was done b

tion of J
gineer of

vey /
driller

a

acksonville,
Tallahassee,
moles which

1.

Fl

on June 19
:eet and late

y the Gray
orida. Mr.

presented to th
were given th

1939.

r deepened
Well and P
Miller Wa
ie Florida (
le file numl

was

drilled

to 413.5

feet.

ump Corpora-

Iston,

city

en-

;eological Sur-
ber W-453. A

's log was not furnished to the Survey.

STRATIGRAPHY

The formations penetrated

cally on Figure 2.

lated

with

known

by this well are shown

The section to a depth of

surface

units,

but

graphi-

404 feet is corre-
remainder of the

well (404 to 413.5 feet). is not correlated definitely with sur-
face formations of Florida because a fauna appears which has
not been recognized previously in the state.

U

A. -,

MIOCENE

HAWTHORN FORMATION.-The geologic map of Florida3
shows that the area in and adjacent to the city of Tallahassee
is underlain by the Hawthorn formation. Cooke and Mossom'

state:

"Although nearly al

of Hawthor
everywhere

lime

bee

of Leon Count

1. 1

I

y is

n age, tne unaltered rocK is ex
the formation is so deeply weat
n removed by solution, leaving

sandstone and sandy clay."
The first sample at

feet

underlain 1
posed at fe
hered that
behind loc

by sandy limestone
ew places. Nearly
practically all its

ose sand

or friable

contains iron stained sand

and

some particles of weathered clay.

encountered at a depth of

appear at a depth of

60 feet.

100 feet,

The first sandy limestone is
Although shell fragments

the first identifiable Foramini-

al

D

b

STRATIGRAPHIC AND PALEONTOLOGIC STUDIES OF WELLS

to yellowish-brown clays, certain of which resemble fuller's
earth. The lower 60 feet of the Hawthorn is dominated by a
white, arenaceous limestone, some beds of which contain shell
fragments.
TAMPA LIMESTONE.--At a depth of 130 feet a few speci-

mens

which

were' recovered.

referred

Peneroplis

the next sample

proteus

140

feet

d'Orbigny
abundant

specimens of P. proteus d'Orbigny were found in association
with Sorites sp. Normally, Archaias floridanus (Conrad) ac-
companies these species, but in this well A. floridanus was not
recovered from any of the samples.
The top of the Tampa limestone is placed at 120 feet rather
than 130 feet at which depth Foraminifera appear because of

the lithologic change which occurs at 120 feet.

The sample at

110 feet contains numerous fragments of a white, soft, arena-
ceous limestone, but at 1'20 feet cream-colored hard compact

limestone is encountered.
of 190 feet.

This limestone continues to a depth

White, hard, arenaceous limestone is found between 190 to

210 feet. At 220 feet the sample contained abundant
brown flint fragments. This sample is believed to m
top of the Oligocene. If this is correct, the Tampa lii
in this area would have a thickness of about 100 feet.

gray to
Lark the
mestone

OLIGOCENE

SUWANNEE LIMESTONE.-The sample at 220 feet which
contained the flint had a fauna of smaller Foraminifera. Un-
fortunately, these were preserved so badly that identifications
a 4* 1 A - aI F

were impossible. At 230-240 teet specimen
which were identified as Rotalia mexicana

is were recovered

Nuttall,

variety

mecatepecensis Nuttall (see figure 10, plate 11). In the study

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TWENTY-EIGHT

mecatepecensis

Nuttall.'

Galloway

and

Heminway

Figure

choctawensis from the San Sebastian formation which they

assign

middle

Oligocene

and

mextcana,

variety

mecatepecensis from the Ponce formation which is assigned in
part to the upper Oligocene and in part to the lower Miocene.
The Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) waylandvaughani zone
of the Meson formation exposed in a quarry on the golf course

Huasteca

Petroleum

Company

Tampico,

Mexico

contains numerous specimens of R. mexicana,

variety mecate-

pecensis

from
sippi.

as well

beds
It

as Elphidium

Chickasawhay

would

appear

that

rota

age of
both

Ellis,

Wayne

a species

County,

choctawensis

described

Missis-

and

mextcana,

variety mecatepecensis are Oligocene species.

Although

sample

taken

240-

250

feet

contained

few specimens assigned to Elphidium rota Ellis in addition

more

specimens

mexicana,

variety

mecatepecensis,

moderately

complete

fauna

was

not

found

until

the sample

at 280

-290 feet was examined.

This fauna indicates definitely

Oligocene age for this sample.
The sparingly fossiliferous zone

from

220

feet to

280

feet

included

in the

Oligocene

and

assigned

Suwannee

limestone, but study 'of other wells may cause this portion of
the well to be classified in a different manner.
Between 324 and 404 feet specimens of Lepidocyclina were

found at 349, 354 and 356 feet.

At 362 feet there were found

pecimens

representing

Coskinolina

ftoridana

Cole

and

Dic

tyoconus
these spe

cookei

cies

(Moberg)

occurred

. At

depths of

in abundance.

The

365

and

370

individual

feet
peci-

mens were well preserved.

floridana and D.

cookei occur

in two

zones

in Florida,

namely, in the middle Eocene as indigenous specimens and in
the Oligocene as reworked specimens although there is a differ-

ence

opinion

with

regard

origin

Oligocene

STRATIGRAPHIC AND PALEONTOLOGIC STUDIES OF WELLS

The section assigned to the Suwannee limestone in this well
has a thickness of about 184 feet.

UPPER EOCENE
At 404 feet there appears a white foraminiferal limestone
which contains many specimens of Helicolepidina paucispira
Barker and Grimsdale and abundant specimens of a new va-
riety of Lepidocyclina which is closely related to L. (Nephro-
lepidina) sanfernandensis Vaughan and Cole. Neither H.

paucispira

nor

san fernandensis,

varnet)

r tallahasseensis,

var., have been reported from Florida.
H. paucispira is known from Mexico
the base of the upper Eocene in the Tan
from the uooer Eocene of Trinidad."

"1 where it occurs near
ipico Embayment and
L. sanfernandensis is

known only from its type locality at San Fernando,
in deposits assigned to the upper Eocene.'"

Trinidad,

In all the wells so far examined, except the City of Quincy
water well (W-4)," the upper Eocene has been recognized by
the appearance of a typical Ocala fauna of larger Foramini-
fera. In the City of Quincy water well (W-4) only smaller

Foraminifera
types which
Coastal Plain.

name

c

Ocala

.1 .

1

vere present, put tne species represented were
haracterize the Jackson deposits of the Gulf
Therefore, it was logical to use the formational
or this portion of the section in the City of

V

Quincy water well

(W-4).

Although the section from 404 to 413.5

feet

(the last sam-

pie) in the City of Tallahassee well represents the upper
Eocene, there is considerable doubt concerning the exact cor-
relation because the two species present have not been recog-

nized

previously in Florida, nor is there evidence of their re-

lationship

conservative

known
treatmer

Ocala an
it of this

d

Jackson

faunas.

section is to ass

;12n

The
it t(

most
)the

I
I

1A

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TWENTY-EIGHT

Future work may indicate that thi

is a phase of the Ocala,

that

represents

appearance

new

unit

upper

Eocene age.

PALEONTOLOGICAL

RECORD

(W

-453)

Peneroplis proteus

Peneroplis
Sorites so.

d'Orbigny

proteus d'Orbigny

Peneroplis proteus d'Orbigny
Sorites sp.

Smaller Foraminifera

(badly preserved; not identified)

30-240

Rotalia mexicand Nuttall
250 feet
Elphidium rota Ellis
Rotalia mexicana Nuttall

, variety mecatepecensis Nuttall

, variety mecatepecensis

Nutta

Amphistegina cf.
Asterigerina sp.

Discorbis

Elphidium rota Ellis
Eponides ellisorae G
Lepidocyclina (Eule

chipolensis Cushman and Ponton

irrett

pidina)

favosa Cushman

Nonion sp.
Operctdinoides vicksburgensis V
Planorbulina larvata Parker and
Rotalia mexicana, variety mecai
Reussia spinulosa, variety glabra

raughan and Cole
Jones
tepecensis Nuttall
fa (Cushman)

0-300

Discorbis sp.
subpatelliformis Cushman and McGlamery

Cibicides

mexicanus Nuttall
pseudoungerianus

(Cushman)

Discorbis subaraucana Cushman

ubaraucana Cushman

STRATIGRAPHIC AND PALEONTOLOGIC STUDIES OF WELLS

349

Lepidocyclina

(NeP]frolepidina)
(Eilepidina) fav

'0

suwanneensis Cole
sa Cushman

, n. sp.

Lepidocyclina (Nephrol

epidina)

suwanneensis Cole, n. sp.

Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina)

Coskinolina floridana Cole

Dictyoconus cookei

(Moberg)

Coskinolina
Dictyoconus

floridana Cole

cookei

(Moberg)

(abundant)

(abundant)

Gypsina sp.
Lepidocyclina sanfernandensis,

variety tallahasseensis Cole,

n. var.

405-413.5

Gypsita sp.
Helicolepidina paucispira Barker and Grimsdale

Lepidocyclina sanfernandensis,

variety tallahasseensis Cole,

n. var.

DALE MABRY FIELD

WATER

WELL

(W

-95)

The United States Army drilled at the Dale Mabry

Field a

water well, samples from which were presented to the Florida

Geological Survey
west-southwest oi

. The location of this well is about 3

Tallahassee,

Leon

County,

Florida

i miles
in the

NE of the NW '/4 of section 4,
The elevation of this well is 86.1 j

Township

1 S., Range

feet above sea level.

The well was started on December 9

1940 and drilled to a

depth

239

feet

December

1940.

The drilling

was

done by the Stevens Southern Company of Jacksonville,

ida.

In December of

1942

this well

was

deepened

Flor

to a depth

of 316.5

feet by the Layne-

Atlantic Company

STRATIGRAPHY

suwanneensis Cole, n.

"B"

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TWENTY-EIGHT

which are coated with a reddish stain. Below this reddish zone
there occurs a section in which the individual grains are cov-
ered by a yellowish film of staining material.

A bed of greasy, yellowish gray fuller'

p

the sandstone section at 45 feet. Below
bed of yellow-stained sandstone similar to
ler's earth except the lower sandstone is ,

earth intervenes
this there occur1
that above the f
slightly indurate<

s a
ul-
d.

This sandstone is followed by another bed of fuller's earth

with the first limestone appearing at a depth of 65 feet. In
the sample taken at 70 feet there are many large, rounded
pebbles of an orange-colored quartzite, many of which have
a diameter of one-half inch or more. This same sample con-
tains fragments of a white, arenaceous, silicified limestone.
Below this zone of quartzite pebbles there are two samples
which contain a gray to white, arenaceous, dense, greasy clay
which resembles fuller's earth. At a depth of 90 feet the sam-
ple contains a mixture of this clay and fragments of a white,
dense, hard limestone.
TAMPA LIMESTONE.-At 100 feet a light brown, dense
limestone, certain fragments of which show numerous sec-
tions of smaller Foraminifera, appears. This limestone con-
tinues to a depth of 139 feet, except for the appearance of two
beds of clay at 117 feet and 137 feet. This clay may represent
the filling of cavities in the limestone rather than actual beds
as shown on the graphic log (See Figure 3).
In this interval (100 to 139 feet) there were not any fossils
which could be identified definitely. Many of the fragments
show that the limestone was composed largely of the tests of
miliolid types of Foraminifera. An occasional small fragment
of an echinoid was encountered in these samples.

The
n n* 4- n

lithologic character
a, 4 d-:, n nn -f

and the stratigraphic position indi-
I| A L,. :f ^. : .. :..

STRATIGRAPHIC AND PALEONTOLOGIC STUDIES OF WELLS

medium

coarse o fine,

ZYelow/sh gray, greasy
Yellow stained, sl/gh/y indurated
fetose, gresy

sil/cified

greasy

brown, dense, mi/io/id

dense,

cryslolline,

forami feral

dolomitic

oabundant

larger Forminifera

Foronrnmfera

LEGEND

Sandstone

Quar/fite

pebbles

I. .*
* ** *

Ar gil

I--
I--'
I-.--'

aceous

Red o yellow stained,
Subongulor

compact

colored,

dense,

dense

cored,

porous,

semicrys

dolomific

ao//ine,

22 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TWENTY-EIGHT

tains abundant smaller Foraminifera, but most of them are so
badly recrystallized that specific identifications are impossible.
However, several specimens of Elphidium rota Ellis and a few
questionable specimens of Rotalia mexicana Nuttall, variety
mecatebecensis Nuttall were found. Associated with these

.5

there are numerous specimens representing the genera Am-
phistegina and Asterigerina. This sample represents the top
of the Suwannee limestone.
The Suwannee limestone in this well is in part a cream-col-
ored, dense, foraminiferal limestone and in part a light to dark
brown, semi-crystalline, dolomitic limestone. There are three
fossiliferous zones which yield identifiable fossils. The first of

these includes the samples from 139 to 150 feet; the second,
the samples from 212.6 to 232 feet and the third, the final

sample at 308 to 316.5 feet.

The smaller
cussed above.

Foraminifera recovered

144 and

139

feet

are dis-

150 feet rather numerous speci-

mens of Operculinoides vicksburgensis were found,
specimens of Lepidocyclina at 144 feet.

with two

The interval between 212.6 and 232 feet contains abundant
and fairly well preserved specimens of Lepidocyclina. In addi-

tion, numerous specimens of
were found from 226 to 232 fe

Coskinolina and Dictyoconus

The index species of Lepidocyclina in this interval are: L.
(Eulepidina) favosa Cushman, L. (Eulepidina) undosa Cush-
man, L. (Lepidocyclina) yurnagunenss Cushman and its va-
riety morganopsis Vaughan, and Lepidocyclina gigas Cush-

man.

These species t
mncan Church,

numerous

other

have

been

reported

fror

m1

Washington County, F
localities in Washington

an outcrop
'lorida't and

County.

10

near
from
These

species, moreover, have a wide distribution elsewhere as they
I P 1^ 1 A P P* A 5

Di

'

* *

J

STRATIGRAPHIC AND PALEONTOLOGIC STUDIES OF WELLS

The last sample (308-316.5 feet) contains numerous speci-
mens of orbitoidal Foraminifera. The state of preservation
of these specimens is decidedly different from that of the speci-
mens encountered in the zone from 212.6 to 232 feet. The
specimens from the upper zone were not replaced, whereas

those in the last sample were. The sp,
were light brown to cream-colored,
sample were white. Therefore, th

ecimens of the upper zone
whereas those of the last
ese' specimens in the last

sample were in place and do not represent cavings from above.
The species identified from the last sample represent well
established Oligocene species with the exception of two speci-
mens assigned to Helicolepidina paucispira Barker and Grims-
dale. This genus is known only from the Eocene and this spe-
cies has been reported from upper Eocene localities outside of
Florida.

fe<
pa

The most abundant specimens.in .this sample (308-316.5
et) have been identified as Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina)
rvula Cushman. There were rather numerous specimens of

Lepid
riety
Lepid
crosp
thin s

ocyclina (Lepidocyclina) yurnag
morganopsis Vaughan, one specir
Socyclina (Eulepidina) undosa Cu
heric individual ( figure 7, plate 9)
sectionn was made. This specimen is

n
S

u I1

izenszs uusnman, va-
len of unquestionable
hman and a laige mi-
from which a vertical

referred to Lepidocy-

clina (Eulepidina) fat

>osa Cushman.

As the dominant species in this sample are Oligocene forms,
the question arises concerning the two specimens of Helico-
lepidina paucispira Barker and Grimsdale. The presence of
the specimens may be explained in two ways: 1. they repre-
sent reworked Eocene material in the base of the Suwannee
limestone, 2. the drill had just entered the upper Eocene and
these specimens were recovered.

Either explanation is possible as.the top of the upper Eocene
I 1 . 1 i -. .1 i 1 s ...

C

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TWENTY-EIGHT

PALEONTOLOGICAL

RECORD

(w

-95)

(abundant)

Elphidium rota Ellis
Rotalia mexicana Nuttall

, variety mnecatepecensis Nuttall

(Eulepidina)

Operculinoides vicksburgsensi

Operculinoides vicksburgensis

favosa Cushman
is Vaughan and Cole

Vaughan and Cole

> feet
Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) yurnagunensis Cushman
(Eulepidina) favosa Cushman
undosa Cushman

16.6

Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina)

yurnagunensI

is Cushman,

variety

morganopsis

Vaughan

18.6

Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina)

suwanneensis Cole

, n. sp.

Lepidocyclina gigas Cushman

Coskinolina floridana Cole

Diclyoconus
Lepidocyclina

C'

ookei (Moberg)
(Nephrolepidina)

leonensis Cole

, n. sp.

308-316.5

Helicolepidina paucispira Barker and Grimsdale
Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) yarnagunensis (

Cushman,

variety

mnorganopsis
parvula Cushman

undosa

COMPARISON

Cushman
Cushman

OF

Vaughan

THE CITY OF TALLAHASSEE WATER

WELL

(W

-453)

AND THE

DALE MABRY FIELD

WATER

WELL

"B"

(W

-95)

-a-~~~~I - -a a-A- --

Asterigerita sp.

Lepidocyclina

(Eulepidina)

favosa

-- -r U a a

STRATIGRAPHIC AND PALEONTOLOGIC STUDIES OF WELLS

feet of Tampa limestone and 1

5 feet of Suwannee limestone

in which formation drilling stopped.
The relationship of certain points in these wells to sea level
is illustrated by the following:

Well number

Top of

Tampa limestone

Top of the Suwannee limestone -
Top of the upper Eocene -
First appearance of 0. vicksburgewsis
Abundant L. undosa

Below

- 13.9'
- 52.9'
-230.4'
- 57.9'

-453
66.6'

- 33.4'

- 93.4'

First

appearance of

The City

undosa

of Tallahassee water well

is structurally slightly

higher than the Dale Mabry Field water well if the formational

boundaries are used.

If fossil zones in the Suwannee limestone

are used, the Dale Mabry Field water well would appear to be
structurally higher.

DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES
FAMILY VALVULINIDAE
Subfamily EGGERELLINAE
Genus COSKINOLINA Stache, 1875

Coskinolina floridana Cole

Plate

, Figures 3

1928

Coskinolina cookei Moberg (part)

Florida Geol.

Survey

19th Ann.

Rept.,

pp. 166-168,

3, fig.

(not figs.

,7-8).

1941.

Coskinolina floridana Cole, Florida Geol.

, figs. 1

4, figs. 1

pl. 5, figs.

Survey Bull.

-5, 11

19, pp.
8, fig.

Coskinolina floridana Cole, Florida Geol.

figs.

Survey Bull.

4, 5.

Entirely typical specimens were

found.

The

axial

section

is typical of Coskinolina as the chamberlets are not subdivid-
ed, but the horizontal section is similar to the primitive types

- -

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY--BULLETIN TWENTY-EIGHT

Genus DICTYOCONUS Blanckenhorn

1900

Dictyoconus cookei (Moberg)

Plate

, Figures 1

Coskinolina cookei Mober

Florida Geol.

19th Ann.

Rept.,

pp. 166-

,ngs.

(not fig.

1941

Dictyoconus cookei

26. 27

, ngs.

(Moberg).

-13; pl.

Cole, Florida Geol.

10, 12, 13

Bull.

, figs.

Dictyoconus cookei

(Moberg

Cole, Florida Geol.

Survey Bull.

,25, pl.

,ng.

, ng.

D.
but

larger,

cookei

and

readily
broader

Coskinolina

recognized
and lower

floridana

from

cone

each

than

occur

other

in association

as D.

floridana.

cookei

The

axial

sections of D.

ed by a

cookei have the marginal chamberlets subdivid-

ingle horizontal plate.

First appearance
lahassee water well

depth of

At a depth of 362

(W-453)

feet in the City of Tal-

and abundant at

365

226 feet in the Dale Mabry Field water well

feet
(W

at a

-95)

Occurrence

Suwannee limestone.

FAMILY

CAMERINIDAE

Subfamily CAMERININAE

Genus

OPERCULINOIDES

Operculinoides

vickslmrgensis

Hanzawa
Vaughan

1935

Cole

Plate

, Figures

Plate

, Figures

Plate

, Figures 4

1936.

Operculinoides vicksburgensis

Museum,

996, pp.

Vaughan and Cole, Proc.

,491, pl.

Nat.

all fi

1939.

Operc

ulinoides vicksburgensis

Vaughan and Cole.

Barker

Proc.

S. Nat.

; pl.

Museum,
9, figs. 8,

86, No. 305

,fig.

,fig.

1939.

Operculinoides muiri Barker, idem,

, pl.

, fig.

, fig.

,fig.

1944

Operculinoides

-.---_--- -n11

vicksbtrgensis

4~

Vaughan
a -1

Cole.

Florida

Ir-11 1 h 1 1 r- J I I f- i-i fL' * I I l i- T

\Ir ~m rr w -~

n" m --

r,,,l

STRATIGRAPHIC AND PALEONTOLOGIC STUDIES OF WELLS

Cole in the type description of 0. vickburgensis.

In this fea-

ture these specimens resemble 0. muiri Barker which was de-
scribed from Mexico.

In the discussion of specimens assigned to O.

vicksburgensis

from the City

of Quincy well

(W-4)

Cole stated

that O.

muiri was probably the same as 0. vicksburgensis. Vaughan
in commenting on this proposed combination wrote:"

"The types of this species (0. vicksburgensis) and of Barker'

sO.

mtuiri

are in the U. S. National Museum;

and I have again compared them.

0. muiri is not merely thicker than 0. vicksburgensis, it has a marginal
keel which I have not seen in the latter species."

Later, Cole wrote Barker requesting a few topotype speci-
mens of 0. muiri for comparison with the Florida material.
Barker replied that most of his material was not available, but

that he had found a small sample of the type material

(col

election of E.
specimens. ]

Gevaerts no.

269)

from which he was sending 9

[n this letter Barker stated:'"

"they are by no means as large or as typical of the species as the original
lot I picked from the sample."
From the material which Barker so obligingly sent, a median

(figure

7, plate 5) and a transverse (figure 8, plate 5) section

were prepared.

mens.

A keel was not observed on any of the speci-

The Mexican specimens were compared with a large

suite of 0. vicksburgensis from the Byram marl which had

been arranged from thin, compressed individuals

plate

to thick, lenticular individuals

(figure

(figure 4,
, plate 5).

The Mexican specimens fitted into the series and at no point

could

series

broken

into

two

separate

and

distinct

species.
Although some doubt must exist because direct compari-
sons with the type specimen of O. muiri have been impossible,

TABLE

-- PART

Measurements of Operculinoides vicksburgensis

Operculinoides

mwuiri

LOCALITY

Height

Width

Thickness

Number of whorls

Number of chambers
in final evolution

Internal diameters
of initial chamber

Operculinoides vick.sburgensis

W-95

144 feet

2.1+ mm.

0.98 mm.

1.5 mm.

0.7 mm.

1.5 mm.

1.4 mm.

120 p

2.14 mm.

0.96 mm.

80

1.4+ mm.

0.72 mm.

120 u

2.24 mm.

2.1 mm.

4/2

26

150 feet

W-9

_ _

I_ I

TABLE

- PART

Measurements of Operculinoides vickslmburgensis and

Operculinoides muiri

LOCALITY

Height

Width

Thickness

Number of whorls

Number of chambers
in' final evolution

Internal diameters
of initial chamber

Operculinoides vicksburgensis

BYRAM,

2+ mm.

0.38 mm.

70

mm.

2.3 mm.

MISSISSIPPI

mm.

1.0 mm.

2.36 mm.

2.28 nnm.

100

AFTER

VAUGHAN

AND

COLE

1.2-3.0 mm.

1.3-3.1 mm.

0.3-0.6 mm.

33/4-4

1 8-26

60 u

Opercu

I

2.02 mm

0.78 mm
0.78 mm.

110

- 1 1 1 I

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN. TWENTY-EIGHT

A few

see
tail

pecimens which were found in the City of Tallahas-

water well

from

pecimen

from

(W
Dali

-453) ar
e Mabry

the

e identical

Field

former well

water

those studied in

well

(W

are illustrated

-95)

de-
The

vertical

and a horizontal thin section.

The specimen from

which

vertical

section

was made

had

a diameter

mm.

and

thickness of 0

mm.

The horizontal section represents a speci-

men

with a

diameter of

mm.

There are

24 chambers

the final evolution

with 4 V2

whorls comprising the test.

Fir
Field

t appearance

water well

(W

At a depth of 144 feet in the Dale Mabry

-95)

City of Tallahassee water well

at a depth

280

-290

feet in

(W-453)

Occurrence

Suwannee

FAMILY

limestone.

ORBITOIDIDAE

Schubert

Subfamily

ORBITOIDINAE

Genus LEPIDOCYCLINA

Giimbel

Subgenus LEPIDOCYCLINA Giimbel,

Lepidocyclina

Plate

(Lepidocy

7, Figures

clina)

Plate

parvula Cushman

, Figures

1919.

Lepidocyclina
291, p. 58, pl,
Lepidocyclina
Amer. Pal.. v<

and R

Douvill6,

parvula Cushman,

, ngs.

Carnegie

Inst.

Washington Publ.

4-7.

morgam

1904).

, pp.

Lem.

Douvill6.

, pl.

,fig.

Cole,

Bull.

(not Lemoine

1930.

Lepidocyclina

(Lepidocy

clina)

parvula Cushman.

Cole and Gilles-

pie, Bull.

Amer. Pal.

No. 5

7b, p. 3,

(list)

1, figs. 4,

1930.
1933.

Lepidocyclina

Cole and Gillespie, idem,

Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina)

sonian Miscell.

Coll.

9, figs. 1-4

parvula Cushman.

89, No. 10, pp. 16,
ol. 10. fies. 1-6.

(list), pl.

Vaughan,
7, figs. 1-

, fig.

Smith-

1938.

Geol.

1944

Geol.

Survey Bull.

Survey Bull.

n r 4

(Lepidocyclina)

16, p.

46, pl.

(Lepidocyclina)

b, pp. /

parvula
11, figs.
parvula

Cushman.

Cole,

Florida

2-5.

Cushman.

, fig.

44^

rkf In fi *- 9 C-i * ftn i I .

Cole,
, figs.

Florida

Lepidocyclina

Lepidocyclina

STRATIGRAPHIC 'AND PALEONTOLOGIC STUDIES OF WELLS

Vertical sections

(figures 9, 10,

13, plate

made from

Mexican

pecimens assigned to L.

parvula Cushman are intro-

duced for comparison.

In these

pecimen

the lateral chamber

are n'ot as appressed as
tain respects the later

those in the Floridian
al chambers of the F

pecimens.

In cer

'loridian specimens

resemble those of L.

pressed lateral

supera

chambers with

(Conrad)

as L.

thick roof

supera has
and floors.

low, ap-

Although these specimens d'o posses

lateral chambers which

resemble

those of

super,

the other features are similar

those found in L.

parvula, particularly the very strong devel

opment of

pillars.

The

vertical sections of

microspheric

individuals are not at all suggestive of L. supera, but are very

similar to many vertical section

of L.

parvula.

First appearance: A
Mabry Field water well

t a depth of

(W

308

-316.5

feet in the Dale

-95)

Occurrence

Suwannee limestone.

Lepidocyclina

(Lepidocyclina)

yanrnag

untensis

Cushman

Plate 6

, Figures 5

1919.

Lepidocyclina canellei var.
Washington Publ. 291, p.

yurnaguncensis Cushmah,

, figs.

, 8, text-fig.

trnegie Inst.
6.

Lepidocyclina yurnagunensis Cushman.

, Quart.

Jour.

82, p. 391

Vaughan,
, figs. 2-6.

Geol.

Lon-

1934.

Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) yurnagunensis Cushman.

Pal.,

1, pp.

24. 25

4, figs.

Cole, Jour.
8, 9.

1941

Lepidocyclina

and Cole

(Lepidocyciina)

Geol.

Amer.

yurnagunensis
Paper No. 30,

Cushman.

pl. 38,

Vaughan

figs.

This

is a widely

tribute

species.

The

diamond

-shaped

equatorial chambers are characteristic.

It wa

desc

ribed from

Cuban
maica,

pecimens,

Trinidad

but

and

First appearance

been

the Cayman
At a depth of

reported

from

Antigua,

Island

.6 feet in the Dale Ma-

/V-T

rA Va1r A nrnl tar Lra Ud* U

nr\

1 ar

tI * f I

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TWENTY-EIGHT

1933.

1934.

1941.

Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) yurnagunensis,
Vaughan. Vaughan, Smithsonian Miscell. Coll.,

pp. 22, 23,
Lepidocycli
Vaughan.

pl. 11, figs. 5-9; pi. 2J
ina (Lepidocyclina)
Cole, Jour. Pal., vol. 8,

Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina)
Vaughan. Vaughan and Cole,
p. 72, pi. 39, figs. 1, 2.

var.
vol.

I, figs.

yurnagunensis, var. morganopsis
No. 1, pp. 25, 26, pi. 3, figs. 1-3.

yurnagunensIs,

var.

Geol. Soc. Amer. Sp. Paper

This variety occurs with typical specimens of L.

yurnagun-

ensis at all the localities from which it has been reported. The
equatorial thin sections of specimens of L. yurnagunensis and
its variety morganopsis exhibit the same features, but the ver-

tical sections
heavy pillars,
nagunensis.

are different in that the variety possesses
whereas the pillars are weak or absent in L.

very
yur-

First appearance:
bry Field water well
Occurrence: Suw

At a depth of 216.6 feet in the Dale Ma-
(W-95).

rannee limestone.

Subgenus NEPHROLEPIDINA H.

Douville,

1911

Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina)

leonensis Cole, n. sp.

Plate 5, Figures 11-17; Plate 11, Figure 3

Test of medium size, evenly

lenticular or with

central area bordered by a narrow rim
test is covered with distinct oaDillae

about

polygonal

240

The

rim

pits occur between

without
the pap

; the cent
which ha
papillae.
illae with

an inflated

ral area of the
ve a diameter
Rather deep,
shallower de-

pressions on the rim. From most 6f the papillae radiate nar-
row prolongations which form the boundaries of the pits. The
largest specimen has a diameter of about 7 mm.

The

embryonic

chambers are

nephrolepidine

type

though one specimen which had the external appear
the others had embryonic chambers of eulepidine type

ance ot
(figure

morganopsis
89. No. 10.

morganopsis

t

STRATIGRAPHIC AND PALEONTOLOGIC STUDIES OF WELLS

to the equatorial layer are composed of small, appressed cham

bers with

thick roofs and floors.

The other

lateral

chambers

are open with

the chamber cavity as high or

higher than

adjacent floors are thick.

Distinct

heavy

pillars

present,

irregularly

spaced

and

concentrated in the inflated portion of the test.

Measurements of 2 vertical and 2 horizontal sections follow:
Diameter 3.7 mm. 4.5 + mm.
Thickness 1.8 mm. 1.9 mm.
Number of lateral chambers on each side
of .the equatorial layer - 11 11
Embryonic chambers:
Internal length 600 480
Internal height 420 p
Thickness of surrounding wall 40 40/
Height of equatorial layer (including
floor and roof):
At center 140 CA 120
At periphery 1400/ 180
*Lateral chambers:
Internal length 140-300 p. 140-200
Internal height 40 40
Thickness of floors and roofs 30-50 20-40 p.
Surface diameter of pillars - 180-240 p 160-240 p
At periphery and directly over embryonic chambers

Diameter 4.4+ mm. 3.2+ mm.
Embryonic chambers:
*1T an.lrk nn-r ne krh r-kdl-,1Cr c - RA 1 S440 11

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TWENTY-EIGHT

Type locality: Dale Mabry Field water well "B"
at depths of 226 and 228 feet.
Cotypes: (Florida Geol. Survey Cat. No. S-3009)
Occurrence: Suwannee limestone.

(W-95)

This species is related to Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina)
tournoueri Lemoine and R. Douvill6. To show the relationship
between the two species a vertical and a horizontal section of
. L tournoueri are illustrated figuress 18 19, plate 5). These

specimens were
Mexico.

collected

Arbol Grande, near Tampico,
Arbol Grande, near Tampico,

L. tournoueri has equatorial chambers which are much more
elongate than those of L. leonensis. The floors and roofs of the
lateral chambers in L. tournoueri are much thinner than those
of L. leonensis, the lateral chambers near the equatorial layer
in L. tournoueri are not appressed like those in L. leonensis and
the pillars in L. tournoueri are much smaller.
The external appearance of L. leonensis is similar to that of
Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) sp. figured by Vaughan.'"
The embryonic chambers of the two species are very similar,

but the equatorial chambers of L.
decidedly hexagonal in shape, and
rhomboid to short spatulate.

(Nephrolepidina) sp. are
those of L. leonensis are

Lepidocyclina

(Nephrolepidina) sanfernandensis

Vaughan and Cole,

variety tallahasseensis Cole, n. var.

Plate 1, Figures 16, 17; Plate

Figures

5-7;

Plate 3, Figures 1-6

MEGALOSPHERIC FORM.-Test of medium size, slightly sel-
liform, central part inflated, without or with a rim. The test
of some specimens slopes regularly from the central area to the

periphery, but in others the inflated central portion is sur-
rounded by a relatively wide flange which is distinct from the
1 /1 1 I. " 11 1* .1

r ___ ___ _________

STRATIGRAPHIC AND PALEONTOLOGIC STUDIES OF WELLS

as the specimens which slope regularly from the central area
to the periphery have weakly developed papillae. The dimen-
sions of five typical megalospheric specimens are given in

I L J -L A

_-

Table

The embryonic chambers are large, of nephrolepidine type,
the larger chamber slightly embracing the smaller. The outer
wall is very thick, but the wall between the chambers is thin.
In certain horizontal sections the outer wall of the embryonic
chambers has a fringed appearance due to the presence of radi-
ally arranged alternating light and darker areas. Measurements
of the embryonic apparatus are given in Table 3.
The equatorial chambers vary in size and shape, but nor-
mally they are short spatulate with the radial and tangential
diameters nearly equal. An average chamber of this type has
diameters of about 120 jx. Other chambers are slightly more
elongate tangentially than radially, and certain chambers are
the reverse of this.

Measurements of five transverse thin sections are given in

Table

There is considerable variation in cross-section shape

from robustly
(figure 7, plat

lack a rim

lent

e2)

(figure

:icular individuals with a distinct flange
to compressed lenticular specimens which
5, plate 2). The lateral chambers are ar-

ranged in rather regular tiers.

In some specimens these cham-

bers are appressed with

very low

chamber openings,

but in

others the chamber cavity is rather high.

The pillars are variable in their development and regularity.
Some specimens have very large, strong pillars, but others are
virtually devoid of this feature. However, some pillars are
found in every specimen examined.

MT.RnoPt R a ORnM. ---Test of large size with a diameter

- -- v

1

TABLE

Measurements of vertical sections of Lepidocyclina sanfernandensis

var.

tallahasseensis,

n. var.

SPECIMEN

Diameter

Thickness

Width of flange

Height of equatorial layer:
At center

At periphery

Lateral chambers:
Number at center on
each side of the
equatorial layer

Internal height

Internal length

Thickness of the
floors and roofs

External diameters of pillars

8.8 mm.

4.24 mm.

about
1.8 mm.

100/

200 y

30-40 pt

200p

30-40 pf

140-300 p

7+ mm.

2.4 mm.

about.

1.0 mm.

80O

130 p

40 p

140-160 p

40p

140-180 p

4.5+ mm.

2.8 mm.

none

60 i
80 S

17

20-40 tA

100-160 /

40-60 p

300-360 a

5+ mm.

2.3 mm.

about
0.7 mm.

60 p

140 p

a

a

40-80 p

120-220 p.

20-40 p
ia

100-200 p

_
.. __ :1 -- rr

STRATIGRAPHIC AND PALEONTOLOGIC STUDIES OF WELLS

TABLE

Measurements

embryonic

apparatus

Lepidocyclina sanfernandensis var.

tallahasseensis

var.

HORIZONTAL SECTIONS
i

SPECIMEN

Internal diameter across both cham-
bers at right angles to the par-
tition between the chambers

Maximum
larger

internal
chamber

width
parallel

to the

partition between

Internal width of the smaller cham-

between

embracing

Internal

diameter

chamber at right

points

chamber

the
angles

smaller
to the

partition

Internal diameter of the larger cham-
ber at right angles to the parti-

tion

Thickness of the outer wall

0.86 mm.

0.94 mm.

0.78 mm.

0.5 mm.

0.36 mm.

o50

0.68 mm.

0.66 mm.

0.6 mm.

0.38 mm.

0.3 mm.

601

1.0 mm.

0.96 mm.

0.84 mm.

0.61 mm.

0.4 mm.

100 A

VERTICAL SECTIONS

SPECIMEN

across

both chambers

InternaJ length of the

0.82 mm.

0.70 mm.
mmI

0.72 mm.

0.88 mm.

the chambers

Internal

length

38 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TWENTY-EIGHT

The equatorial chambers have the same shape, size and ar-
rangement as those of the megalospheric generation.
The lateral chambers occur in rather regular tiers when pil-

lars are present,

but in

the areas between

chambers overlap from one tier to another.

pillars the lateral
Adjacent to the

equatorial layer the lateral chambers are very appressed, but
near the periphery of the test they are open with a distinct
cavity. In general, the roofs and floors of the lateral chambers
have the same thickness as the height of the chamber opening
in the peripheral area of the test.
Pillars are irregularly developed, some extending from the
equatorial layer to the surface of the test, but others go only a
portion of this distance.

Type locality:

City of Tallahassee water well

(W-453)

a depth of 407 feet.

Cotypes:

(Florida Geol. Survey Cat. No. S-3011).

First appearance

At a depth of 404 feet in the City of Tal-

lahassee water well (W-453) and abundant at 406 feet.

Occurrence:

Upper Eocene.

DiscussioN.-These specimens were referred to L. sanfer-

nandensis Vaughan and Cole

during the preliminary study.

The size, shape and arrangement of the features of the equa-
torial sections prepared from the Florida specimens is very
similar to those illustrated by the Trinidad specimens. (Com-

pare figure

5, plate 3

with

Vaughan and Cole's illustration,

figure

2, plate 43, Geol. Soc. Amer. Sp. Paper No. 30)

. Cer-

tain differences, however, were apparent in the general size of

test and

vertical sections.

Therefore,

Cole sent

Vaughan

Florida specimens

that

direct

comparison

could be made with the types of L. sanfernandensis.

Vaughan

very kindly made the comparison and wrote as follows:

STRATIGRAPHIC AND PALEONTOLOGIC STUDIES OF WELLS

"All of the Florida specimen
of them almost selliform. None

undulate.

s, except one, are distinctly undulate, some
of the specimens from Trinidad is markedly

Another difference is that the megalospheric form of the Florida

specimens is much more inflated
the Trinidad specimens.

than any of

the megalospheric

forms of

"The roof

of the lateral

hambci

in the vertical

section of the Florida

specimens are decidedly thicker than those of the

Trinidad specimens."

Vaughan and Cole jointly and separately have demonstrat-

the variability which may

clina; and Vaughan

occur in a species of Lepidocy-

22 has stated that

"it is obvious that to attach a different spe

lot of Lepidocyclina is

cific name to every variant in a

an absurdity.

The differences between the type specimen

and

specimens

under

discussion

sofL.
from

satfCjernan-
Florida are

not major ones,

yet they are sufficient to cause one to hesitate

before applying the same specific name to the
the two widely separated localities. Vaughan

specimens from
" in another let-

gave his views which

reproduced

demonstrate

perplexities which are encountered:

"I scarcely know what to say about a name for the specimens of Le

pido-

cyclina from the Florida well

(W-453)

you recently sent me.

If you refer

the specimens

varietal

to L.

designation

L. sanfernandensis.

balance

to L.

sanfernandensis
to indicate the

If you should

should

think

difference

apply
d be

that

they

between
cr

a new spec
made clear.

:inc

should be
them an
name, tl
i general,

rather apply a species name which may later become a synonym rath
confuse two different species under one name."

For the present it seems desirable to utilize

e given a
d typical
he resem-

would
er than

the first sugges-

tion of Vaughan rather than the second one which he recom-

mends
Florida

more

strongly.

specimen

varietal

expresses

close

designation

relationship

given

that

exists

with typical L.

sanfernandensis, but at the same time indicates

that there are minor differences.

Lepidocyclina

(N eph rolepidina)

suwanneensis Cole,

n. sp.

densis

sanfernandensis

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TWENTY-EIGHT

The surface of the specimens available is smooth, without
ornamentation, but this condition is caused undoubtedly by
the state of preservation. As an initial surface is ground on
the specimens in the preparation of horizontal thin sections,
numerous white pillars were observed which contrasted with
the tan color of the remainder of the test. Uneroded speci-
mens would possess small papillae well distributed over the
surface of the test.
The embryonic apparatus is nephrolepidine in type as illus-
trated by two horizontal sections (figure 9, plate 4 and figure
14, plate 7). In the horizontal section chosen for a paratype
(figure 9, plate 4) the internal diameter across both chambers
at right angles to the partition between the chambers is
0.6 mm.; the maximum internal diameter of the larger cham-
ber parallel to the partition between the chambers is 0.64 mm.;
the internal width of the smaller chamber between the points
of the embracing chamber is 0.5 mm.; the internal diameter
of the smaller chamber at right angles to the partition is
0.34 mm.; the internal diameter of the larger chamber at
right angles to the partition is 0.26 mm. and the thickness of
the outer wall is 50 JL. Two other horizontal sections have the
partition between the chambers destroyed. The internal di-
ameters of the combined embryonic chambers are 0.5 by
0.46 mm. and 0.54 by 0.52 mm. These specimens have slightly
smaller embryonic apparati than the specimen described first.
The three horizontal thin sections have equatorial chambers
with curved outer walls and pointed inner ends adjacent to
the embryonic apparatus. In the section with the greatest di-
ameter these inner annuli grade outward to chambers of short
spatulate shape. Average chambers in the inner annuli have a
tangential diameter of 100 to 120 A' and a radial diameter of
60 to 80 p. The spatulate chambers of the outer annuli have
a tangential diameter of about 80 u and radial diameters of

1n(1 r n 1l o

1 N t',' 1,4(I ,,

STRATIGRAPHIC AND PALEONTOLOGIC STUDIES OF WELLS

ments include the floors and roofs. There is practically no in-
crease in height of the equatorial layer from the center of the
test to the periphery.
The lateral chambers are low, appressed with thick roofs
and floors. The roofs and floors are gently curved so that they
have a convex side towards the periphery of the test and a con-
cave side directed toward the equatorial layer. They occur in
more or less regular tiers, with but a slight amount of overlap-
ping. There are about 9 layers of lateral chambers to a tier on
each side of the equatorial layer at the center of the test. The
periphery has two or more layers of lateral chambers on each
side of the equatorial layer. An average lateral chamber at
the t eriDherv of the test and over the center has an internal

height of about 20 p, and a length of about 14
Floors and roofs have a thickness of about 40 p.

0

160

Wedge-shaped pillars are present. They vary considerably
in size, some have a surface diameter of as much as 280 u, but

others have a surface diameter of as little as

Material available:

160 .

Nine thin sections, three of which were

made from specimens recovered at a depth of
from specimens from 354 feet and two from s
356 feet in the City of Tallahassee water well

349

feet, four

pecimens from

(W-453)

and

six thin sections made from specimens from
Field water well (W-95).

Type locality: City of Tallahassee water well
a depth of 354 feet.

the Dale Mabry

(W-453)

Holot3
No. S-30
vey Cat.

Transverse section

07); paratype:
No. S-3008).

(Florida

Median section

Geol. Survey
(Florida Geol.

Cat.
Sur-

Subgenus

EULEPIDINA

Douvill6,

1911

Lepidocyclina

(Eduepidina)

favosa Cushman

>pe:

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TWENTY-EIGHT

Lepidocyclina

(Nephrolepidina)

crassata Cushman.

Vaughan,

Geol.

Soc.

Amer. Bull.,

Lepidocyclina

35, p.

(Nephrolepidina)

34, figs. 3, 4.
chatlahoocheensis

Cushman.

Vaughan,

1924.

Lepido

idem

cyclina

, p. 798,

(Eulepiditm)

34, fig.
favosa

Cushman.

Vaughan,

idem,

, pl.

, fig.

1924.

Lepidocyclina

(not

926.

(Eulepidina)

Schlumberger,

formosa S
1902).
formosa Sc

hlumberger

hlumberger.

. Vaughan,

Vaughan,

idcm,

Quart.

Jour.

Geol.

Soc.

London

,p. 395

(not Schlumberger,

Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) undosa var.

tumida Vaughan,

idemt,

,396, pl.

, figs.

926.

Le'pidocyclina

marginata

(Michedoti)

. Vaughan,

idemr

, figs.

(not Michelotti, 1841).

1930.

Lepidocyclina (Nephrolepidina) crassata Cushman.

Cole and G

Bull.

Amer.

No. 5

7b, p. 3

(list)

, figs.

1933

Lepidocyclina (Enlepidina)

favosa Cushman.

Vaughan, Smithsonian

Miscell
figs. 1-
bably)

9, figs.
,fig. 4

, pp. f>i
!0, figs.

, pl.
; pl.

7, figs.
1, figs.

,3,4 (pro-

1933

Lepidocyclina

(Eule

pidhna)

favosa Cushman.

Gravel

Smithsonian

No. 11

, fig.

pidina) favosa Cushman.

,fig.

Jour. Pal.,

4, figs.

1941

Lepidoc
Gcol. So

yclina

(Eulepidina)

li

Amer. Sp. Paper No.

ivosa
30, 1

Cushman.
p. 75, pi. 4(

Vaughan
,figs. 1-4.

Cole,

1944.

Lepidocyclina
Survey Bull.

(Eulepidina)
6, p. 74, pl. 3

' favosa
, fig. 14

Cushman.

Cole,

, fig.

Florida

Geol.

, figs.

Vaughan

a de

that

tailed

" has stated "This is an amazingly variable

and

crassata, L.

well

illustrated

analysis

chattahoocheensis and L.

Vaughan

favosa

species."
" proved
belonged

to one 5
tumid a

Vaughan

species.

Previously,

the sj
wrote,

species,

Vaughan
undosa

" had erected

the variety

Cushman.

time

"There is some similarity between L.

favosa

and the extreme forms of L.

undosa var.

tumida."

As
n-l-

thin
K tL

sections were
ST 12-a j,..

made
11

from

I lrT

the specimen

aa%

from

1 *

S -- M V --. -**.- S. .. -* I J.. _.

Lepidocyclina (Eulepidina)

Lepidocyclina (Eul,

, )'

STRATIGRAPHIC AND PALEONTOLOGIC STUDIES OF WELLS

mens

were

recogni

zed

lundosa

var.

tumida

(figure

plate 10)
4, plate 1

and others were tentative

. As more

pecimen

named L.

were studied

favosa

(figure

and sectioned,

it became evident that there was complete gradation between

the individuals to which were assigned the name L.

tumida and those which were named L.

favosa.

Moreover,
L. undosa

examination and

var

tumidda

cbmpari
figures

on of the type figure

, plate

, Quart.

Jour

Miscell

nificant
var. tim'j

jeol. Soc.
Favosa Cu
. Coll., vo

character

n;ida from L.

London,
shman (

89, No.
which

vol. 82, 1
see figure

1933)

would

26)

with

, plate
failed

serve

an illu

station

Smithsonian

to reveal any sig-

separate

undosa

favosa.

It ha

bers of L.

been recognized a long time that the embryonic cham-

undosa grade from nephrolepidine to eulepidine.

would seem that the

ame feature is present in L.

favosa.

A number of vertical and hori

zontal sections are presented

to illu

trate the writer'

concept of

forms that

should

ferred to L.

favosa from this well

. Study of these

photograph

as well as those given by other workers will serve to emphasize

amazing

variability

this

species,

there

is complete

gradation from one form

to another.

First appearance:

Field water well

a depth

280

At a depth of

144 feet in the Dale Mabry

(W-95); abundant at a depth of

-290

feet

in the

City

Tallaha

ssee

6 feet;
water

well

(W-453)

Occurrence

Suwannee limestone.

Lepidocyclina

(Eul idina)

undosa Cushman

Plate 1
1919.

, Figures

Lepidocyclina
291, p. 65, pl.

Plate

undosa

, Figure 8
Cushman

Plate 8

, Carnegie

, Figure

Inst.

Plate 11

, Figure 8

Washington

,fig.

- -- n a C 'In a a

undosa var

I*

-

C

*

I n Al (.

I

c- *

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TWENTY-EIGHT

1930.

Lepidocyclina

(Ncphrolepidina)

undosa Cushman.

Cole and Gilles-

pie, Bull.

Amer. Pal

Lepidocyclina

(Eulepidina)

, No. 57b, p. 3, pJ
undosa Cushman.

, figs. 1

Gorter and van der

Vierk, Leidsche Geol.

Med

Deel 4

Aflev.

2, p.

15, figs.

1933

Lepidocyclina
sonian Miscell.

(Nephrolepidina)
Coll.. vol. 89. N

undosa Cushman.

, pp. 30,

Gravell

6, fig.

Smith-
4.

1934.

Lepidocyclina
8, No. 1, p. 24

(Eulepidina)

6, pl. 4,

figs.

undosa Cushman.

, 5, 10,

Cole, Jour. Pal.,

11, 13, 14.

1938

1941

Lepidocyclina
Survey Bull. 1
Lepidocyclina

Geol.
figs.

(Eldefpidina)
i, p. 48, pi. 1
(Eldlepidinaw)

undosa

Cushman.

Cole,

Florida

Geol.

, figs.

undosa Cushman.

Amer. Sp. Paper No. 30, pp.

Vaughan ai
>l. 34, fig. 5

Cole,

1944.

Lepidocyclina
Survey Bull. 1

(Eldepidinta)

6, pp. 74,

undosa

75, pl.

Cushman.

, fig. 9; pl.

Cole,
,fig.

Florida

Geol.

This

species

recognize.
well T.3

is widely
Florida it

a depth

Quincy water well

(

of
'W

distributed

101
-4)

been i
'-1035

L

and

Found
feet

at a depth of

at the surface at Duncan Church,

relatively

in
and
61

the
I in

Port
the

feet.

easy to
St. Joe
City of

It occurs

Washington County, Flor

ida.

Vernon

" lists this species at numerous localities where the

Suwannee limestone is exposed at the surface.

This species occurs

in great

abundance

in certain

samples

from the City of Tallahassee water well

plate

(W-453).

1 illustrates a transverse section of a specimen

Figure 14,
with very

few

layers of

lateral

layer, but figure

chamber

on each side of

of this same plate shows a

the equatorial
transverse sec-

tion of a mature individual with a number of layers of lateral
chambers on each side of the equatorial layer.

First appearance:
lahassee water well

At a depth of 319 feet in the City of Tal-

(W-453); at.a depth of

212.6

feet in

Dale Mabry

Field

water well

(W

-95)

Occurrence

Suwannee limestone.

75, 76,

STRATIGRAPHIC AND PALEONTOLOGIC STUDIES OF WELLS

1920.

Lepidocyclina 8igas Cushman,

var.

mexicana Cushman,

S. Geol.

Survey Prof.
figs. 1-3.

Paper 125, p. 63, pi. 19,

fig. 5

, figs. 1, 2

1926.

Lepidacyclina
London. vol.

gigas

Cushman.

, p. 396, pl.

Vaughan,

Quart.

Jour.

Geol.

25, figs.

1933.

1934.

Lepidocyclina gigas Cushman.

vol. 89, No. 10, pp.
Lepidocyclina gigas
vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 27

, 42, pl

Cushman
, 28, pl. 3,

Vaughan,
22, figs.

var.

Smithsonian Miscell.

Cole,

Jour.

Coll.

Pal.,

4, fig. 1

The varietal names mexicana and duncanensis were used by

Cushman

and

Cole

designate

specimens

which

possessed

minor differences.

As extreme variation occurs in the species

of larger

Foraminifera,

these varietal names do not serve any

useful

purpose.

Moreover,

is now

rather

evident

that

gigas is the microspheric form of L.

undosa.

Vaughan expressed

this opinion as early
First appearance:

as 1924."

In the Dale Mabry Field water well

(W-

at a depth of 220.6 feet.

Suwannee limestone.

Lepidocyclina

Plate

, Figure

A single specimen
was found at 218.6 3

representing a
eet in the Dale

microspheric

Mabry

Field

individual
water well

(W-95).

This specimen

was made into a

vertical section.

description of this specimen follows:

Test small, inflated with a narrow rim; diameter

thickness 1

.2 mm.;

.24 mm.; width of rim about 0.6 mm.

The equatorial layer has an internal height of about 30 C& at

the center of the test and an internal height of about 80
the periphery of the test.

At the center of ,the test there are

C d C

- a

p at

lateral chambers to a
- *s t e

-* U rs* .*

duncanensis

95)

Occurrence

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TWENTY-EIGHT

an internal height of
of 30 to 40.

Floors and roofs have a thickiiess
*

Pillars are irregularly d
inflated portion of the test.
of as much as 180 o

developed

and concentrated

They may have a surface diameter

First appearance: In the Dale Mabry Field water well (W-
95) at a depth of 218.6 feet;.
a

Suwannee limestone.

There is a slight resemblance
and one published by Gravell"0

S')n

e between this vertical section
(Lepidocyclina sp. indet. [b]).
* s4

Subfamily

HELICOLEPIDINAE

Tan

Genus

HELICOLEPIDINA

Tobler,

1922

Helicolepidina paucispira Barker and Grimsdale

Plate

1, Figures

1-11

Plate .4, Figure

1; Plate 8, Figure 4

1936.

Helicolepidina paucispira Barker and Grimsdale, Jour. Pal.,

1941.

p. 243, pl. 31, figs. 11, 12; pl. 33, figs..4-6; pi. 3
fig. 4.
Helicolepidina paucispira Barker and Grimsdale.
Geol..Soc. Amer. Sp. Paper No. 30,' p. 76, pl. 45

6, figs. 1, 3

p.. 38,

Vaughan and Cole,
, fig. 2.

Test of megalospheric individuals small, robustly lenticular,

with or without a narrow encircling rim.

Surface ornamenta-

tion consists of a central apical group of small papillae beyond
which a reticulate mesh is developed to the periphery' of the
test.

Test of microspheric individuals is large, robustly lenticu-
lar, with a flange surrounding the central inflated portion. An
apical crown of papillae is well developed and the papillae are
larger than those developed by the megalospheric generation.
The rim is smooth, pitted or covered by a reticulate mesh.

Measurements

of 6

horizontal

sections

(Table

and

vertical .sections are piven (Table

Occurrence:

=

.

. .

TABLE 4
Measurements of horizontal sections of Helicolepidina paucispira

A-FORM

DIAMETER

Embryonic aF
*Diameter

>paratus:
of, initial

chamber

*Diameter of second chamber

Total length of both chambers

Thickness of bounding wall

Equatorial chambers:
*Tangential diameter

*Radial diameter

Number of

(periphery)

(periphery)

coils in spiral

portion

1.0 mm.

80 p

35x80 p

160 u

20 u

60-100 FL

40g

.1 mm.

100 o

40x80 pt

200 u

20

60-100 pg

40 u

.1 mm.

80 p

40x100/z

160 u

60-100 pL

40 u

1/4+

B-FORM

4 mm.

100-140 p

60-80 Fp

mm.

100-160 u

60-80 p'

*Internal measurement

I
_ I (( I I

_I -------

18p

' i 4

TABLE

Measurements of vertical sections of Helicolepidina

paucispi r

A-FORM

Diameter

----- --------

Thickness

Embryonic
Height

apparatus:

t I I

1.0 mm.

0.54 mm.

1.0 mm.

1.2 mm.

-. .--- -.- I I

0.6 mm.

0.5 mm.

0.9 mm.

0.62 mm.

_____--- I --. ... I I.----

140

--- --,_ -___-_

Length

m mmI

Equatorial
Heigh

layer:
t (center)

200 a

100 ot

160 p

80

140 A

190 p

80 p,

180 t

160 p

100p

1.0 mm.

0.6 mm.

100 t

------___-- -II- I- I

Height

(periphery)

120 p

100$

Number of lateral chambers
over center of test 4

Lateral chambers:
Height

30 f

Length 60-80 t

Thickness of floors

Surface diameter-of pillars

20-30 up

30-40 ,

40-100 p'

40-60 pt

100 p

30p

80-100 pt

20 p

__-------_----(.--

160 p

160 p

none

120 p

30-40 p

80s

30-40 pt

very weak

120

20 p

60p
30

80 p

2.66 mm.

1.28 mm.

60p
160 p

6

20 p

40-100 p

70

none

B-.

- -- 1 -----

I_

__- ---- ---- -I ---

_ I_ -- 'le~e~e~--ee~e~"~L~~~
---

160 p

STRATIGRAPHIC AND PALEONTOLOGIC STUDIES OF WELLS

square than the normal equatorial chambers, but the more
distal chambers of the spire grade into the typical equatorial
chambers.
The equatorial chambers have curved outer walls and trun-
cated inner ends, or are rudely hexagonal. Most of the cham-
bers are more elongate tangentially than radially. In some sec-
tions the chambers are arranged in a distinct radial manner
and in all cases increase regularly in size toward the periphery.

The lateral chamber
thick roofs and floors,
between individuals.
feature is not constant

rs are low, compressed, between rather
although there is considerable difference
Pillars are normally present but this
t between individuals.

First appearance: At a depth of 405 feet in the City of Tal-
lahassee water well (W-453); at a depth of 308-316.5 feet in
the Dale Mabry Field water well (W-95).

Occurrence:

Upper Eocene.

Appearance elsewhere: This species was described from the
upper Eocene of Mexico, and Vaughan and Cole" figure one
horizontal section assigned to this species from Trinidad.

.Tl~ e~m 'c-l ~rc~r t~ I P w' rrmc.-- .~ .. .- -- ,

PLATES

1-11

PLATE

All specimens from the City of Tallahassee water well;

1, 2, 7,

at a depth

, 17, at a depth of

feet;

at a

depth of

406 feet

, 13, at a depth of

280-29

, at a depth

feet.

ures

Figures
Figures

, 6, 8,

FIGURE

H clicolehpidina

megalospheric

Barker

specimens;

Grimsda

exteriors

exteriors

two

microspheric

specime.
median

ns;

3, median

sec tonf

of a

microspheric

sections of two megalospheric individuals;

individual;

8, transverse

sections of two microspheric individuals
tions of four megalospheric individuals.

9-11

transverse

sec-

Operculinoides

z'icksbu rgensis

Vaughan

Cole;

transverse

section;

13, median section.

14, 15

Lepidocyclina

(Enlepidina)

uIlndosa

Cushman;

transverse

sections

-of-two megalospheric -specimens.--

16, 1

Lepidocyclina

Cole,

variety

(Nephrolepidina)
tallahasseensis Cole

sanfernandensis

var.;

transve:

Vaughan
rse sections

two megalospheric
and the lateral cha

individuals; 16, the
Timbers are appressed;

pillars are well developed
17, the pillars are weakly

developed and the lateral chambers are open.

paucispira

FLORIDA

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

BULLETIN

TWENTY-EIGI1,T

PIRATE

i

PLATE

specimens

depth of

from the City of Tallaha

5, 7, at a depth of
24 feet.

;see water well;
6, at a depth of

1-4, at a depth of
413 feet; 8, at a

FIGURE

. Dic yoconus
. Coskinolina

cookei

(Moberg)

floridana Cole;

axial

3, axial

section

section

zontal

horizontal

section.

section.

. Leplidoco'clina

(N ehbrolephina) )

sanfcrnaindeC

Vaughan

Cole,

variety tallahasseensis Cole, n.

var.; transverse sections of three mega-

lospheric

specimens

to illustrate

difference

in inflation

between

individuals;

,cotype.

Lepilocoyclina
megalospheric

(Eulepidlina)
individual.

1undosa

Cushman;

median

section

FLORIDA

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

BULLETIN

TWENTY-EIGHT

PLATE

J ", ,'
j" .. ',
"ai~
hL.

Ei%
|?A
^3-~.

S- Vi
4 2'

PLATE

All specimens from the City of Tallaha

ssee

water well;

, at a depth of

406 feet;

at a depth of 413 feet

, at a depth of

407 feet.

figure
figure

ure 3

Figures 4,
Figure 6,

FIGURE

variety
spheric

talla ha

ssCeClsIs

cimens;

Cole,

n. var.

exteriors

Vaughan and

exteriors

seven

four

megalospheric

I

Cole,
nicro-

specimens,

cotypes (F. G
specimens; 4,

S. No.

S-3011); 4

embryonic

median

chambers have

sections of megalospheric
a very thick outer wall;

, cotype,

tion of

section

L. sanfernandensis

Amer.

is virtually identical

Vaughan and Cole

Paper No. 30)

6, transv

to the

(see
erse

type
figure

median

, plate 43

section of a micro-

spheric individual.

(Nephrolepidinan)

sanfernandensis

Lepidocyclina

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

BULLETIN

TWENTY-EIGHT

PLATE

9
/-
'4^

'c It
I C

.: :'

I)

,. .1

:AUez

-4

PLATE

All speci
407 feet:

mens from
2. 6. at ad

the City
epth of

, at a depth of 349 feet
356 feet.

of Ta

130 feet; 3

, 9, 10,

ahassee water well;

7, at a depth of

12, at a depth of 354 feet

at a depth of
0-290 feet; 4,
; 8, at a depth

Figures
Figures

7-12

FIGURE

Helicolepidina

pancispira Barker and

tion of a median section of

a mic

Grimsdal

rospheric

central

individual

por-

to illus-

trate the

initial spiral and equatorial chambers.

Peneroplis proteus d'Orbigny
section.

, transverse section;

median

Lepidocyclina

(Eulepidina)

sections of megalospheric
of megalospheric individ

ou

favosa

individual

Cushman;
s; 4, 7, tra

, 11,

nsverse

median
sections

ia

Lepidocyclina

transverse

(Ne phrolepidinad)

sections;

, median sections; 9,

suwanneensis Cole, n.

, holotype
paratype I

sp.
300

3008)

-

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN TWENTY-EIGHT, PLATE 4

2
TI

1

ii

II
..1.

1.1

aI

9I
.
3I

*1

'1 1

r I
5 ,

x St
6
I&

I

I

ioJ L
l I]

PLATE

Figures

-4, of

ures

specimens

9-17

5, 9, at a depth of
at a depth of 226 1

from

of specimens
144 feet: 6. 1

Feet

, 14, 17,

Byram marl

from

Dale

, at a depth of
at a depth of

near 1
Mabry

Byram,
Field

Missi

ssippi.

water well

150 feet;
28 feet.

ures

Vera Cruz

8, of specimens from Al
, Mexico, collection of E.

formation

Gevaerts No.

southern

Miahuapam,

, donated by

Wright Barker;
Figures 18, 19,,

collection of W

specimens

. Storrs Cole.

from Arbol Grande near

Tampico,

Tamau

Mexico

section of W

. Storrs Cole.

figures,

FIGURE

Operculinoides

section
Barker
treated

specimen; 4,

l'icksbuzrgensis

a robustly

median
figure

transv

lustrated by fig

lenticular

Vaughan

individual

section of an individual

median

erse section oi

ure 3

, ",

section
f an ind

median secti

(

Cole
the

transverse

type

n uliri

similar to the one illus-

a compressed,

fragile

ividual similar to the one
ons of robustly lenticular

individuals:

, topotype

Barker introduced for

text)

comparison

7. median

specimens of

section;

muliri

transverse

section;

transverse

sections of robustly

enticular individual

Lepidocyclina

(Nephrolepidina)

leonensis

Cole

, n. sp.

vertica
section
No. S-

sections

megalospheric

s of megalospheric
3009).

individuals

individuals;

14-1

horizontal

, cotypes

Lepidocyclina

(Ne phrolepidina)

horizontal

section;

vertical
vertical

i Lemoine and R.

section;

introduce

Dou-
d for

comparison with L.

leonensis Cole

, n. sp.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

BULLETIN

TWENTY-EIGHT

, PLATE

A&
I'

-i
111
I

PLATE

specimens

from the Dale Mabry Field water well

5, at a depth of

feet;

-4, 8

a depth of

at a depth of 308
16.6 feet.

-316.5 feet

at ad

epth of

4.6 feet

All figures,

FIGURE

1-4,

Lepidocyclina
,organopsis

variability

(Lepidocyclina)

Vaughan

in strength of

vertical

the pillars

sections

variety

to illustrate

, portion of

a horizontal

section of a microspheric individual

to show

the initial

coil and

rhomboid

equatorial

chambers

horizontal

section

megalospheric individual.

Lepidocyclina

vertical section of

(Lepidocyclina)

a megalospheric

yurnagunensis

individual;

Cushman
horizontal

sec-

tion of

a megalospheric

individual

3yrnagunensis Cushman,

ifLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

BULLETIN

TWENTY-EIGHT

PLATE 6

8

. S *
* -
* .

tI

1P

PLATE

Figures 1
depth of
Figure 9,

pany

, of specimens from

220.6 feet

the Dale Mabry

2-8, at a depth of 308-

a specimen from a quarry

s golf course,

316.5

Field
feet.

water well;

on the Huasteca Petroleum

Tampico, Mexico; collection of WN

1, at a

Com-

Storrs Cole.

Figures

8-13

specimens

collected

between

kilometer

posts

on the Aguila Petroleum Company

s narrow-gauge railroad between Potrero

and Tanhuij
Figure 14, o
of 349 feet.

Mexico

collection of W

. Storrs Cole.

specimen from the City of Tallaha

ssee

at a depth

Figures
Figures

FIGURE

Lepidocyclina

(Nephrolejpiduina)

suwanneensis Cole

, ver

tical section of a megalospheric individual showing appressed later

chambers between thick roofs

and floors

section of a megalospheric individual to

14, portion of a horizontal
illustrate the nephrolepidine

character of the embryonic chambers and the shape of the equatorial
chambers which are normally short spatulate.

. Lepidocyclina

(Lepidocyclina)

parvula Cushman

vertica

sec-

tons
latera
with

megalospheric

chambers;

strongly

individuals

vertical

developed

which

section

pillars

have

elongate,

a microspheric

horizonta

sections of

appressed
individual

mega-

lospheric individuals;

, vertical section of a microspheric

individual

with

weakly

developed

pillars

9-13

, comparison

specimens

from

Xico;

pillars
spheric

vertical

irregularly
individuals

section of a microspheric individual with

paced

, 12,

to illustrate

, vertical
variation

sections
between

I

strong
negalo-

individual

horizontal

section of

a megalospheric individual.

water wel

*LORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

BULLETIN

TWENTY-EIGHT

PLATE

PLATE

specimens

from

Mabry

Field

water

well;

, at a depth

214.6 feet;
depth of 3
224.6 feet.

, at a depth of

-316.5

feet;

, at a depth of

at a

depth of

feet;

18.6 feet;

at a

depti

at a
h of

figures,

, except figure 4 which

FIGURE

Lepidocyclina

(Eulepidina)

from a fragment of the

fa vosa

Cushman

oblique

specimen illustrated by figure 9,

plate

section
10, to

show the equatorial

chambers and

the zone of

the later

chambers;

, oblique section of a megalospheric individual to illustrate embryonic

chambers

equatona

chambers and the

zone of the lateral chambers.

Lepidocyclina sp.

vertical section of an unidentified

species illustrated

for future reference.

Helicolepidina

pancispira

Barker

Grimsdale;

horizontal

section

of a megalospheric

individual.

5,6.

Lepilocyclina gigas Cushman

5, portion of the same individual illus-

treated by figure 6
spheric specimen; 4

Lepidocy'clina

to illustrate

vertical

(Eulepidtina)

the equatorial

section.

itndosa

Cushman;

chambers of

vertical

a micro-

section

typical

megalospheric individual.

I:LORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

}
i
i
I

A
I
I

j
1
I5
I4

TWENTY-EIGHT, PLATE I

1

S4

5

BULLETIN

PLATE

All specimens

from the Da

Mabry Field water well;

1, at a depth of

18.6

feet; 2,
depth of

, 5, at a depth of

16.5 feet

0.6 feet:

7, at a depth of 308

, at a depth of

-316.5

14.6

feet.

All figures,

FIGURE

Lepilocyclina
of megalosphe]
individual; 6,

(Eulepidina)
ric individual
7. vertical se

far osa Cushman

vertical

actions

-4. horizonta

section

microspheric

sections

a megalospheric

individuals.

The

thin sections
which had th

illustrated by

figures

same external appearance.

5 were made from specimens
The thin section illustrated

by figure

was

made from a

specimen simliar to

the one

illustrated

the vertical

by figure

was

section

, figure

injured during

, plate 10.
the growth

The

period

ecimen illustrated
as the equatorial

layer and lateral chambers show by their peculiar bending on the left
hand side.

FLORIDA

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN TWENTY-EIGHT

PLATE 9

* tO1 (I '
- ---- r <

J^^-
'K '1
-I

- -

I

PLATE

All specimens from the Dale Mabry Field water well;

218.6

depth of

, at a depth of 220.6 feet;

6 feet

,9, at a depth of

5, at a depth of
14.6 feet.

, 6, at a depth of
144 feet; 7, at a

All figures,

FIGURE

1-9. Lepidocylina

megalospheric

(Enllpidina)

individuals

favosa Cushman
to demonstrate

vertical sections of

variability

in shape;

vertical sections of microspheric individuals.

I LORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN TWENTY-EIGHT, PLATE 10

,1

\

f I

3 Ci.,-4 wBL 5

/5

YI

iI
.4

I

'I
i

atr
*1
I

I
I

if

6

I

PLATE

Figures

11, of

specimens from

the Dale

Mabry

Field water well;

1, 2. at a depth of 308-316.5 feet; 3, at a depth of 228 feet

of 144 feet; 7,
9. at a depth of

11, at a depth of
!16.6 feet.

220.6 feet;

at a

depth of

at a depth
12.6 feet;

Figure

of a

specimen from the City of Tallahassce water well at a depth

356 feet.

Figure

10, of specimens from well No.

-12)

of the Bonheur Develop-

ment

Company,
feet.

located

at Burns,

Wakulla

County,

Florida,

a depth

Figures 1
Figures 2
Figures 5
Figures 7
Figure 1(

, 3, 8, 9,

4. X

I:GUREI

1, 2.

LepiJloryclina

(Lepidocyclina)

Cushnman;

external

view of a specimen with well-developed papillae; 2, external view
of a specimen with small papillae.

view

a cotype

leotnensis
S-3009)

Cole,

n. sp.;

to show

external
well-de-

veloped
without

apical

crown

papillae

surrounded

a rim

papillae.

This specimen

was

ground

on one

to cx-

pose the embryonic and equatorial

chambers.

rlicksb nrgensis

Vaughan

Cole;

external

view;

5, transverse section.

6, 7,

Lcpidocyclina
portion of a

(Ne phroleIpidicina)

vertical

section,

s iuannc'ns'IIs

greatly

magnified,

Cole, n. sp.
to illustrate

embryonic and lateral chambers

vertical sections.

Lcpidocyclinai

Lepidocyclina

(Eulepililna)

(Elepielina)

undosa Cushman;

cxterna

view.

fat'osa Cushman; external view show-

ing the inflated central portion of the test bordered by a wide rim.
This specimen is similar to the one from which the vertical sec-

tion, figure 6, plate

was made.

IRotalia

minxicana

Nuttall,

variety

mrcalepecens/

is Nuttall;

series

of specimens to illustrate ornamentation and degrees of serration

the periphery.
orfln. Ii _fl nr *A.,

These specimens are called

C,

"71l A

Anomalina

'%1'1 \

Tn - A-

) by

'* -nf rl*1 rI i n n(Ir r/ r , I Ii

3. Lepidiocyclina

(Nephrolepidina )

5. Operculinoides

parzn la

which

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

BULLETIN

TWENTY-EIGHT

PLATE

t

RAVLIN-BROWN,

V. G.PHILIPS No.

1WELL (Wo440)

TEST FOR OIL

~CC~fl3-rrurru~HL-~. -u err - -- ~--L-

T.I--
r *-X :''
1.- '

1' S* -.
- 4'

* '

et

4-' .
- - 4

I --

.-.;
; jI .. *.; C ~''. 4 c- *- -2
A *7 */'.m-: 2- I~

4. -: ~

At'

,, -' -

-. .i - --

,. -,~~:..-z:`
-r I

-4

.t

a.j.:t -i 'N

*~l if ,I, -
- -I -, .

*~'] *..lR4 if* Pt

--
t~~ --- f
''.7
4.
~ ~ ~ n~I 'j A'&' t~icE-
S- *C

-~* ~ # i-:>~ ~ '4
'S* t"-4> i
-g .d-~ *

*~ - if N.
A ..............................................................................
4---.

4 -

*- t '1
-i --7 .;*>i

-- 5. 4

7 4 I '-.-' .rr
-:-4' -.i'

*i -r A.

4.4~- .- .lr~ai.l~w~tr~~~~~~
-At4'~- "-"

RAVLIN-BROWN, V. G. PHILIPS NO. 1 WELL (W-440)

INTRODUCTION

The Ravlin-Brown, V. G. Philips No. 1 well (W-440) 3 is
the eleventh well to be analyzed since the initiation of the
project in 1936, to determine the subsurface stratigraphy and
micropaleontology of critical areas within Florida.

The location of the

V. G. Philips No.

well

(W-440)

shown on Figure 5. This
well lies between two areas
which were reported in

previous
Granberry

Jackson

bulletins;

No.

County

well33
in

the
in
the

northern portion encount-
ered formations which are

LF/tRE S
> Locotion well
Rodaf-bpr VS PMW Au.

similar
bama,
nee P

those

Ala-

whereas the Suwan-

etroleum

Corpora-

tion's Sholtz No. 1 well and
the Florida Oil Discovery
Company's Cedar Keys No. 2"8

. ^*u-' -

well

southern portion penetrated format

those of peninsular Florida.

It was

in Levy County in 1
ons which are similar
thought that a study

the
to
of

the samples from the V. G. Philips No. 1 well (W-440) might
produce valuable information concerning the gradation from
the plastic faces of the Eocene of Alabama to the limestone
faces which characterizes the Eocene of peninsular Florida.
As will be demonstrated subsequently, the section from the
top of the Paleocene down is rather similar to that found in
the Granberry No. 1 well, but the portion representing the
upper, middle, and lower Eocene is composed of limestones
similar to those which characterize the upper, middle, and

1 nn-C fl, A-we, ,r ,:,. i,-.:A

A t- l-irU nrt omnll flrrnln

78 FLOR IDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-B-ULLETIN TWENTYlEIGHT

fauna is identical to a fauna" described from the Southern
States Oil Corporation No. 1 well in Jefferson County, Florida.
The Calhoun Gas and Oil Company's No. 1 well in Calhoun
County" was completed at a depth of 1320 feet in gray, cal-
careous, glauconitic sand which is known now to represent
the middle Eocene. The change from these middle Eocene
sands to limestones occurs somewhere between Calhoun and
Wakulla Counties. A well in Liberty County should exhibit
an interesting middle Eocene section.
It may be noted here that at a depth of 995-1000 feet in the
Calhoun Gas and Oil Company's No. 1 well Discocyclina
(Asterocyclina) monticellensis Cole and Ponton and Lepido-
cyclina (Pliolepidina) ariana Cole and Ponton were found.
In this same well specimens of Lepidocyclina (Polylepidina)
antillea Cushman (formerly called L. gardnerae Cole) occur
at 1020-1030 feet in association with Operculinoides sabinen-
sis Cole.
All types and other specimens from this well are filed in
the Florida Geological Survey Museum at Tallahassee, Florida.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
It is a distinct pleasure to acknowledge the assistance which
the writer has had in the preparation of this bulletin. Mr.
Herman Gunter has continued his interest and support be-
sides permitting free access to the tremendous reservoir of
information concerning the geology of Florida which he has
amassed through the years. Mrs. Helen Jeanne Plummet ex-
amined and discussed the smaller Foraminifera of the Paleo-
cene and Upper Cretaceous with the writer during a visit
which he made to Austin in September 1944. Mrs. Plummer's
intimate knowledge of the Foraminifera of these ages assisted
greatly in the preparation of the faunal lists of this portion
of the well. Mr. W. E. Wrather, Director of the U. S. Geo-
logical Survey, permitted his technicians to prepare the ex-
cellent photomicrographs of the external views. Dr. Lloyd
Henbest loaned topotype specimens of L. macdonaldi Cush-
man from the U. S. National Museum collection for com-
"a Cole, W. Storrs and Ponton, Gerald M., New Species of Fabulirlr, Astrrocyclina and
I.epidocycltn from the Florida Eocene, Amer. Midland Nat., vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 138-
147, 2 pIs., 1934.
Mossom, Stuart, A Review of the Structure and Stratigraphy of Florida, Plorida
Geol. Survey 17th Ann. Rept., pp. 206, 207, 1926.

STRATIGRAPHIC AND PALEON'IOLOGIC STUDIES OF WELLS

prison with the specimens assigned to this species. A pre-
liminary description of the samples prepared by Sidney A.
Stubbs and Robert 0. Vernon for the Florida Geological Sur-
vey was of considerable value in directing special attention
to certain critical samples. The thin sections and photomicro-
graphs of these were made by the writer.

PREVIOUS STUDIES OF WELLS
IN WAKULLA COUNTY
In 1919 Cushman" published a brief account of the Bon-
heur Development Company well No. 1, located at Burns
Station, Wakulla County, Florida. The samples from this
well were collected at wide and irregularly spaced intervals.
Although Cushman did not give any specific identifications
in this article, he lists a number of genera which were found
in the samples.
In 1921 in a brief article Cushman"' identified certain of
the specimens from the Bonhcur Development Company well
No. 1 specifically and figured one specimen from the depth
of 325 feet.
Mossom"' in 1926 gave a description of the lithologic char-
acter of the samples from the Bonheur Development Com-
pany well No. 1 and listed by genera only some of the For-
aminifera found. The only definite stratigraphic conclusion
reached by Mossom was that certain specimens at a depth of
700 feet resembled Operculinoides willcoxi (Heilprin) and,
therefore, indicated that the Ocala limestone had been pene-
trated at this depth.
Certain samples from this well were examined by the writ-
er. The following species were identified:
-50 feet
Lepidocyclina (llpiocycliti) yurnagunl'nsis Cushman
150 feet
Jlepidocyclina (Lepidoyclina) parvula Cushman
supra (Conrad)
Syurnagunensis Cushman, variety mor-
ganopsis Vaughan
at Cushmaun, Joseph A., Tho Age of the Underlying Rocks of Florida as Shown by the
Foraminifera of Well Borings, Florida Geol. Survey 12th Ann. Rept., pp. 82-84, 1919.
n" Cushman, Joseph A., Foraminifera from the Deep Wells of Florida, Florida Geol.
Survey 13th Ann. Rept., pp. 40, 42, 44, $3, 54, 59, pl. 1, fig. 5, 1921.
"a Mossom, Stuart, A Review of the Structure and Stratigraphy of Florida, Florida
Geol. Survey 17th Ann. Rept., pp. 213-216, 1926.

80 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TWENTY-EIGHT

180 feet
Rotalia nmxicana Nuttall, variety mecatepecensis Nuttall'"
l.epidcoyclina (Lepidocyclina) yurnagutnensis Cushman
325 feet
Dictyoconus cookei (Moberg)
Elplidium rota Ellis
Rotalia mexicana Nuttall, variety mecalepecensis Nuttall (very
abundant)
700 feet
Camerina vanders/oki (Rutten and Vermunt)
1.clidocyclina (Pliolepldina) cedarkeysensis Cole
1820 feet
Lcphlocyclina (Pliolepidina) ariana Cole and Ponton
Figures are given of certain of these specimens on plate 22.
The specimens identified as Rotalia mexicana Nuttall, variety
mcratepjcensis Nuttall are illustrated by figure 10, plate 11
of this bulletin.
The re-examination of the upper samples from the Bonheur
Development Company well No. 1 shows that the section
encountered from 50 feet (the first sample) to a depth of
325 feet is definitely Oligocene in age and correlates with the
Suwannee limestone. The first Eocene species is Camrerina
vanderstoki (Rutten and Vermunt) at a depth of 700 feet.
Recently P. L. Applin and E. R. Applin" presented an
interpretation of the section exhibited by certain wells in
Florida. The formations which they recognize in the V. G.
Philips No. 1 well (W-440) and the depths at which these
occur follow:
Miocene .... ..undivided .............. Surface to 390(?) feet
Oligoccne ...undivided ..................390(?) to 750 feet
SUpper Ocala limestone ..........750 feet to 920 feet
ate Middle Avon Park limestone ..... 920 feet to 1200 feet
Eocene Tallahassee limestone ......1200 feet to 1750 feet
Early middle ....Lake City limestone ...... 1750 feet to 2122 feet
Lower .Beds of Wilcox age .......2122 feet to 2665 feet
Paleocene .....Beds with Tamesi fauna 2665 feet to 2715 feet
"' This species was called RotalIa armata d'Orbigny by Cushman, Florida Geol. Survey
13th Ann. Rept., p. 54, 1921.
Applin, Paul L. and Applin' Esther R., Regional Subsurface Stratigraphy and
Structure of Florida and Southern Georgia, Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull., vol. 28,
No. 12, p. 1736, fig. 23, 1944.

STRATIGRAPHIC AND PALEONTOLOGIC STUDIES OF WELLS,

Beds of Navarro age .....2715 feet to 2745 feet
Beds of Taylor age ...... 2745 feet to 3482 feet
Upper Cretaceous i
S Beds of Austin age .......3482 feet to 3672 feet
STuscaloosa formation ....3 672 feet to 4270 feet
Lower Cretaceous --.... .undivided .... .4270 feet to bottom

Reference to the graphic log (figure 6) shows that the
interpretation here presented is considerably different from
that given in the preceding table. It may be helpful to state
here one difference and the evidence on which this is based.
The index Foraminifera for the Avon Park limestone are
stated by the Applins to be Coskinolina floridana Cole and
Lituonlla floridana Cole. As the Avon Park limestone is
placed between 920 and 1200 feet, it is difficult to reconcile
this fact with the fauna which occurred in the samples be-
tween 945 and 1050 feet in the set examined in the prepara-
tion of this bulletin. This fauna represents a typical Ocala
fauna, therefore, this interval is included in the upper Eocene
rather than assigned to the middle Eocene as the Applins have
done. 4

RAVLIN-BROWN, V. G. PHILIPS NO. 1 WELL (W-440)
The Ravlin-Brown, V. G. Philips No. 1 well (W-440) is
located in the center of the NWI4 of section 14, Township
3S., Range 1E., near Wakulla, Wakulla County, Florida. (see
figure 5) The elevation of the well head is 28 feet above sea
level. Drilling began April 8, 1942 and was completed March
26, 1943 at which time the well was abandoned at a depth of
5766 feet. The Florida Geological Survey received 498 sam-
ples which represent the interval from 399 to 5746 feet.
STRATIGRAPHY
The formations encountered in the V. G. Philips No. 1 well
(W-440) and their lithologic characteristics are shown on
figure 6."
The depths marked on the samples and used throughout this article are in error
between the depths of 2505 and 4002 feet. This error was discovered during a
Schlumberger run which potved that the well had reached a depth of 3920 feet although
the driller was recording a depth of 4002 feet at this point. The amount of error was 82
feet. A check on the amount of casing used indicated that the error occurred somewhere
above 2500 feet. Therefore, all depths given between 2500 and 4000 feet should have
80 feet subtracted from them in order to give as close an approximation as possible to
the true depth.

81

iGin
2) a Snvwtran

f~ /1

~~/~m~4pWALdbrrbv

745

- &XO LY, cp7=xd
* 0*rnr 9~a

'4 f~Q~r~~rd t 71

L~,*9?yar~Pirf~~?
71t5 t~
ci~~~P~b~~ ~SU

I(4

(0
Ed
u
VC)!

'4

C,,

'-U

en
K

cc
ca

c-7-

S/1

L

~60-~

-22SS-

2600

I

I
|

&own
C-tryr .y. pct 0a

CWt7.c wczr. f

r Cr)

ttzwrrttt3'C dl

~ix ~~2 c~aigt~tc ~ 2a L oL47 bda'e 4r'cc 2)~

C~L~~rt~e ~ q l~~~d r r-rcra

cotwa.. P~WZ4

/ 4~~~cCCp-t irrc C4mre
va-: n-A=Ce-X4% aceOM-M
I 7

Ez rarr c~~- I-~~d r4n r ztzr. ryvfl~
'&rrt9~wa37~r $njlfws

LF3Ufl-Se. W-^'dzFjh

CC 0 10 Z2 Fee?
'*: -

Figure 6. Log of Ravlin-Brown, V. G. Philips No. 1 Well

- -

yjcn' rr~ za~50ryvn

eedwl, trpwkn, oczr

re-Ratcttbf7. &row"mv

,:7v6 motO~e~K*
M rd6n7

-=rapr rscc
&ur(rercad&4 twrr

ba-ky~3: c&OnflC

4 .4~trsb ~torr
,~p/r /O~T

~ct~r9 nrCtc ~y Z
0566 ~ J~~c

w
ins

vr

Fi .r 67.0Lg 1Ral.-rwn . h isNo Wl

I

6

C

C:

C)

en
C
-C

r~
en

-I

STRATIGRAPHIC AND PALEONTOLOGIC STUDIES OF WELLS

MIOCENE
TAMPA LIMESTONE.-The geological map of Florida"
shows the area adjacent to Wakulla to be underlain by the
Tampa limestone which is covered by undifferentiated Pleisto-
cene and Recent. Cooke and Mossom" state,
"Tampa limestone lies near the surface over all of the eastern part of Wa-
kulla County."
Mansfield" lists a number of stations in Wakulla County at
which he found Tampa faunas.
Inasmuch as the first sample from the V. G. Philips No. 1
well (W-440) was taken at a depth of 399 feet, information
concerning the thickness of the Tampa limestone could not
be ascertained from this well. However, the first sample at
50 feet in the Bonheur Development Company well No. 1
(W-12) contained Lepidocyclina. Certain of these speci-
mens were identified as L. (Lepidocyclina) yurnagunensis
Cushman, a species found in the Suwannee limestone" on
the outcrop. A horizontal section of one of these specimens
is illustrated as figure 2 on plate 22.
The Tampa limestone in the V. G. Philips No. 1 well (W-
440) would be relatively thin as the data from the Bonheur
Development Company well No. 1 suggest that the Tampa
limestone has a thickness of less than 50 feet in this portion
of Wakulla County.

OLIGOCENE
SUWANNEE LIMESTONE.-Reliance must be placed on the
samples from the Bonheur Development Company well No. 1
for the age and characteristics of the upper portion of the
section assigned to the Oligocene. In this well characteristic
Oligocene Foraminifera were found at 50 feet, 150 feet, 180
feet, and 325 feet. The fauna recovered from these samples

1" Cooke, C. Wythe and Mosson, Stuart, Geology of Florida, Florida Geol. Survey
12th Ann. Rept., map in pocket, 1929.
Idem, p. 92.
Mansfield, W. C., Mollusks of the Tampa and Suwannee Limestones of Florida,
Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 15, pp. 25, 26, 1937.
Cole, W. Storrs, Oligocene Orbitoids from near Duncan Church, Washington
County, Florida, Jour. Pal., vol. 8, No, 1, pp. 21-28, pls, 3, 4, 1934; Vernon, Robert O.,
Geology of Holmes and Washington Counties, Florida, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 21,
p. 63, 1942.

8)

84 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TWENTY-EIGHT

indicates that the well penetrated rocks which should be
correlated with the Suwannee limestone.
The first sample from the V. G. Philips well No. 1 (W-440)
was taken at 399 feet, the second covered the interval from
399 to 409 feet after which the samples were taken so that
they covered approximately 10 foot intervals. The sample
at 399 feet contained larger Foraminifera representing three
genera. All of the specimens were smoothed on the surface
and gave the appearance of having been eroded.
Four specimens were found which were identified as Dic-
/yoconus cooked (Moberg). It has been noted previously that
at 32 feet in the Bonheur Development Company well No. 1
(W- 12) D. cookei (Moberg) occurred with the Oligocene
species Ro/alia inexicana Nuttall, variety inecatepeceinsis
Nuttall. The other specimens found in the 399 foot sample
in the V. G. Philips well No. 1 (W-440) represented the
genera Hecerostegina and Lepidocyclina. There were very
few specimens of Heterostegina, but Lepidocyclina occurred
in considerable abundance.
The surface ornamentation of the Heterostegina was com-
pletely destroyed, but moderately satisfactory thin sections
could be made (figures 9, 10, plate 15). Cushman" reports
the occurrence of Heterostegina ocalana Cushman at a depth
of 50 feet in the Bonheur Development Company well No. 1
(W-12). The specimens from 399 feet in the V. G. Philips
well No. 1 (W-440) may represent the same species which
Cushman had from the Bonheur Development Company well
No. 1 (W-12). The specimens from the V. G. Philips well
No. 1 (W-440) are referred to Heterostegina texana Gravell
and Hanna although some doubt must be entertained con-
cerning the validity of this identification because of the poor
state of preservation of the specimens.
The Lepidocyclina associated at 399 feet in the V. G. Philips
well No. 1 (W-440) with D. cookei (Moberg) and H. texana
Gravell and Hanna have many features similar to specimens
referred to L. (Pliolepidina) ariana Cole and Ponton. Inas-
much as D. cookei and L. ariana are considered to be indige-
nous to the middle Eocene, this sample would appear to con-
tain a mixed fauna of one Oligocene and two Eocene species.
Op. cit., (13th Ann. Rept.) p. 40,

STRATIGRAPHIC AND IALEONTOLOGIC STUDIES OF WELLS

The samples from 409 feet to 516 feet are devoid of sig-
nificant Foraminifera, but the sample recovered at 516 to 546
feet contains a well developed and easily identified fauna.
Specimens obtained from this sample represent the following:
Discorinopsis gunteri Cole, Dictyoconus americantus (Cush-
man), D. cookei (Moberg) and Eodictyoconus cubensis
(Cushman and Bermudez). In the samples representing the
next 68 feet such characteristic species as Eponides gunteri
Cole, Lituonella floridana Cole and Pseudochrysalidina flori-
dana Cole are found. The preliminary examination suggested
that the top of the middle Eocene occurred at 516 feet and
that the Ocala was not present in this area. However, as
deeper samples were examined, the preliminary conclusions
concerning the middle Eocene age of the section starting at
516 feet became questionable.
Examination of the samples from 745 to 1030 feet revealed
a number of species which are confined to the upper Eocene.
The following were recorded between these depths: 1. at
745-755 feet Camerina vandersfoki (Rutten and Vermunt) ;
2. at 945-955 feet Camierina moodybranlchensis Gravell and
Hanna; 3. at 975-985 feet Operculioides willcoxi (Heil-
prin); 4. at 985-995 feet Operculina barkeri Vaughan and
Cole; 5. at 995 -1005 feet Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) mor-
toni Cushman; 6. at 1015-1016 feet Camerilna jacksonensis
Gravell and Hanna and 7. at 1018-1030 feet Operculinoides
vntughani Cushman.
Thus, the distribution of the various species in this well, if
taken with their known ranges in other wells, would suggest
that the middle Eocene overlies the upper Eocene. Four in-
terpretations might be offered to explain this anomalous situ-
ation: 1. the samples were mixed, 2. a fault occurred, 3. pre-
vious interpretations of age have been erroneous, 4. the mid-
dle Eocene forms have been reworked into younger deposits.
Analysis of the samples from the Bonheur Development
Company well No. 1 offered rather conclusive proof that
the samples from V. G. Philips well No. 1 (W-440) were in
proper sequence and had not been mixed. The distribution
of specimens as "cavings" in the samples from the V. G. Philips
well No. 1 (W-440) was supplemental proof that these sam-
ples had not been mixed.

86 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TWENTY-EIGHT

There is no evidence from surrounding areas or in the
known geologic history of the Coastal Plain or peninsular
Florida to suggest that the inversion of the faunas was pro-
duced by translocation of the rock units.
The third possibility involves first that some of the faunas
previously considered middle Eocene in age are in reality up-
per Eocene in age and second that there are recurrent faunas
in Florida which occur in the middle Eocene and Oligocene.
It is well established from previous work" that certain middle
Eocene species occur in the Oligocene of Florida. Never,
however, have so many middle Eocene species been found in
the Oligocene as were recovered from this well.
Although it has been suggested above that interfingering
might be the explanation and that in the area of the V. G.
Philips well No. 1 (W-440) the Ocala fauna extends as a
tongue into faunas previously classified as indigenous to the
middle Eocene, there is no proof to substantiate this conten-
tion from rthe other areas examined in detail in Florida.
The information which has been collected to date indicates
that such occurrences of middle Eocene species above upper
Eocene faunas is most reasonably explained by reworking of
middle Eocene deposits during Oligocene times. The section
in the V. G. Philips well No. 1 (W-440) between 516 feet
and 745 feet is placed in the Oligocene.
Historically, it is of interest to note that Mossom" in dis-
cussing the Bonheur Development Company well No. 1 states:
"The presence of the Dictyoconus sp. does not tell a great deal. Vaughan
states that this genus has been found in surface samples at Live Oak and in
many wells it has been found in the Ocala."
It must be emphasized again that the occurrence of a middle
Eocene species or even a rather complete middle Eocene fauna
in Florida must be viewed with suspicion in determinations
of age.
UPPER EOCENE
OCALA LIMESTONE.-The top of the upper Eocene occurs
at a depth of 745-755 feet with the appearance of Camerina
vanderstoki (Rutten and Vermunt). The species of upper
Op. cit., (Bull. 19) pp. 11-16, 19, 20.
Op. cit., (17th Ann. Rept.) p. 211,

STRATIGRAPHIC AND PALEONTOLOGIC STUDIES OF WELLS

87

Eocene age and the depths at which they were recovered have
been recorded previously in discussing the Oligocene and need
not be repeated here. It may be noted, however, that the top
portion of the section assigned to the upper Eocene is rela-
tively barren of fossils. It is not until the depth of 945 feet
is reached that abundant specimens are found.
Between 975 and 1030 feet there are abundant specimens
of representative species which occur in the Ocala limestone
or its equivalent elsewhere in Florida and the Coastal Plain.
The base of the upper Eocene is not defined clearly in this
well as a fauna of unmistakable middle Eocene age does not
appear until the depth of 1757 feet is reached.
The most definite lithologic break below 1030 feet occurs
at 1290 feet. This point is tentatively chosen to mark the
base of the upper Eocene. If this is correct, the Ocala lime-
stone in this area would have a thickness of 545 feet which
seems to be excessive. The problem encountered in the V. G.
Philips well No. 1 (W-440) is similar to that found in the
City of Quin'cy water well (W-4) in which it was concluded
that the Ocala limestone might have a thickness of 690+ feet..0

MIDDLE EOCENE
LISBON FORMATION"'.-There is only one faunal zone
which contains larger Foraminifera in the section assigned
to the middle Eocene. This zone which is first discovered at
a depth of 1757 feet contains Discocyclina (Asterocyclina)
monticellensis Cole and Ponton, Fabularia vaughani Cole and
Ponton and Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) ariana Cole and
Ponton. This fauna is identical to the one reported at a depth
of 1740 feet from the Southern States Oil Corporation well
No. 1 (W-19), located one and a half miles north of Monti-
cello, Jefferson County, Florida.
"o Op. cl/., (Bull. 26), pp. 16, 17.
"' Article 17 of the "Classification and Nomenclature of Rock Units" (see: Geol.
Soc. Amer. Bull., vol. 44, pp. 440-441, 1933) states: "Subsurface units shall be given
formal names only where names are necessary for adequate presentation of the geologic
history of the region." In the remarks under this article the following appears: "When
it becomes possible to correlate a named subsurface unit with a named surface unit, the
name of the surface unit is to be applied, even though the subsurface name has priority."
Careful consideration of the problems of correlation indicate that these are wise
considerations to govern the creation of new names for subsurface units inasmuch as the
type locality and knowledge of the subsurface unit must be fragmentary. It would seem
that more confusion would result from the indiscriminate adoption of names for sub-
surface units than if the policy stated in article 17 were strictly followed.

88 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TWENTY-EIGHT

A preliminary and hasty examination of the entire set of
samples from the Southern States Oil Corporation well No. 1
proves that the faunas and lithologies in this well are very
similar to the V. G. Philips well No. 1 (W-440).
In the Hilliard Turpentine Company well No. 1 (W-336)
the Discocyclina montiicellensis-Lepidocyclina ariana zone
occurred between the Dictyoconus anericanus and the Lepi-
}locyclina antillea zones"'. The correlation and relative posi-
tion of the D. monticellensis-L. ariana zone in the V. G. Philips
well No. 1 (W-440) with other wells in Florida can be de-
termined because of its known relationship in the Hilliard
Turpentine Company well No. 1 (W-336), and in this well
this zone was correlated with the Lisbon formation of Ala-
bama and Mississippi. Thus, this section in the V. G. Philips
well No. 1 (W-440) is assigned to the Lisbon formation.
Below the section assigned to the Lisbon formation there
is an interval without fossils which is considered to represent
the lower part of the Claiborne. The top of this section has
been placed tentatively at 1860 feet.
LOWER EOCENE
WILcox GRouP.-There does not seem to be a paleonto-
logic basis on which to separate the middle from the lower
Eocene. In fact, in peninsular Florida the division of the in-
terval from ithe top of the upper Eocene to the top of the
Upper Cretaceous appears to fall naturally into a threefold
division. This division of this interval into upper, middle and
lower Eocene has been used in previous studies.
In order to conform to the usage of the United States Geo-
logical Survey, the interval which would have been assigned
to the lower Eocene previously is placed in this bulletin in the
Paleocene. No attempt is made to delimit the upper bound-
ary of the interval that would represent the lower Eocene
except that a tentative boundary is suggested on the graphic
log at 2285 feet where a change in lithology occurs.
PALEOCENE
MIowAY FORMATION.--At 2535 feet the samples contain
a dark gray, compact, slightly micaceous, calcareous shale
O(). nil., (Bull. 26), p. 34.

STRATIGRAPHIC AND PALEONTOLOGIC STUDIES OF1 WELLS 89

which has a very small poorly preserved fauna of Globigerina
and calcite casts of forms which belong to the family Ellip-
soidinidae, probably to the genus Ellipsolagena. This depth
is considered to mark the top of the Midway formation.
Between 2675 and 2715 feet the fauna of small Foramini-
fera becomes larger with certain critical species appearing
for age determination. Certain of these species are known
from the Midway, such as Anomalina acuta Plummer, Glo-
borotalia membranacea (Ehrenberg), Globorotalia wilcox-
ensis Cushman and Ponton, Globigerina triloculinoides Plum-
mer, and Spiroplectammina mexiaensis Lalicker. Others are
recorded from the Aragon, formation"" of the Tampico Em-
bayment of which Nuttalides triimpyi (Nuttall) may be
mentioned.
The Midway formation in this well has a thickness of 180
feet, whereas in the Granberry well (W-285) the thickness
of the Midway was 210 feet." The total thickness of the
Eocene and Paleocene in the V. G. Philips well No. 1 (W-440)
is 1970 feet.
UPPER CRETACEOUS
SELMA FORMATION.-At 2715 to 2725 feet the first For-
aminifera of Upper Cretaceous age were encountered. The
faunal break is sharp although there is very little difference
in the lithology between the lower portion of the section as-
signed to the Paleocene and 'that which is referred to the Up-
per Cretaceous.
The most abundant specimens at 2715 to 2725 feet are
Globotruncana area (Cushman), but other well-known Cre-
taceous Foraminifera were recovered from this sample of
which Gilibelina punctulata Cushman, Lituola taylorensis
Cushman and Waters and Pseudotextularia varians Rzehak
are the most diagnostic. This sample contained also rather
numerous Inoceramnts prisms.
The next two samples covering the interval between 2725
and 2745 feet have many more species. This faunal assem-
blage is similar to the one encountered in the Granberry well
"t Nuttall, W. 1. F., I ocene Foraminif'era from Mexico, Jour. Pal., vol. 4, No. 3,
pp. 277-293, 1930.
Op. c/l., (Bull, 16), p. 28.

90 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TWENTY-EIGHT

No. 1 (W-285) between 1940 and 2050 feet although the
fauna of the Granberry well No. 1 had a greater number of
species." This zone in the V. G. Philips well No. 1 (W-440)
is the equivalent of the zone found in the Suwannee Petroleum
Corporation's Sholtz well No. 1 (W-166)" at 3175 to 3267
feet, in that, such species as Gyroidina alabamensis Sandidge
and Stensioina americana Cushman occur in both wells. These
species are found between 3165 and 3295 feet in the Hilliard
Turpentine Company well No. 1 (W-336)"' in a zone which
is the age equivalent of the interval under discussion in the
V. G. Philips well No. 1 (W-440).
In the Florida Oil Discovery Company's Cedar Keys well
No. 2 (W-355) "' above the Gyroidina alabamensis Sandidge-
Stensioina americana Cushman zone and below the interval
assigned to the Paleocene there occurred a section assigned to
the Upper Cretaceous which contained Lepidorbitoides. This
section has an approximate thickness of 634 feet. In the Hil-
liard Turpentine Company well No. 1 (W-336) there occurs
a zone containing such species as Pseudorbitoides israelskii
Vaughan and Cole and Vaughanina cubensis D. K. Palmer
above the Gyroidina alabamensis Sandidge-Stensiiiina ameri-
cana Cushman zone. At the present time this zone in the
Hilliard Turpentine Company well No. 1 (W-336) is be-
lieved to be the equivalent of the Leidorbitoides zone in the
Cedar Keys well No. 2 (W-3 5). The thickness of this zone
in the Hilliard Turpentine Company well No. 1 (W-336) is
approximately 180 feet. However, above the horizon of
Vaughanina cubensis D. K. Palmer there was an interval of
200 feet assigned doubtfully to the Upper Cretaceous. Thus,
there is in this well the possibility of a thickness of 380 feet
between the base of the Paleocene and the Gyroidina alabam-
ensis Sandidge-Stensidina americana zone.
This interval characterized by Cretaceous orbitoidal For-
aminifera is missing in the V. G. hilips well No. 1 (W-440).
In this well the Paleocene lies upon the Gyroidina alabamensis
Sandidge-Stensi6ina americana zone. In general terms this
zone of smaller Foraminifera would be the approximate age
Op. cit., (Bull. 16), pp. 34-36.
Op. cit., (Bull. 20), p. H5.
Of. cit., (Bull. 26), p. 34-31 .
Op. cit., (Bull. 20), p. 16.

STrATIGR APHIC AND PALEON'OLOGIC STUDIES O1 WELLS 91

equivalent of the Taylor marl of Texas. The V. G. Philips
well No. 1 (W-440) has virtually the same conditions and
fauna at the Paleocene-Cretaceous contact as occurred in the
Granberry well No. 1. There is a considerable section of Up-
per Cretaceous missing in these wells which occurs in certain
wells in peninsular Florida.
The upper portion of the section assigned to the Selma for-
mation in the V. G. Philips well No. 1 (W-440) is largely
chalk which grades downward into chalk interbedded with
gray shale. The lower portion of the Selma formation in this
well is composed of dense, light gray, calcareous shale below
which occurs some green shales which are included in the
Selma, but these green shales might represent the upper por-
tion of the Eutaw.
The Selma formation in the V. G. Philips well No. 1 (W-
440) has a thickness of 877 feet. In the Granberry well No. I
this same formation had a thickness of 942 feet. The Cedar
Keys well No. 2 (W-355) had a thickness of about 650 feet
from the top of the Gyroidina alabamenlsis Sandidge-Stensibina
americana Cushman zone to the top of the Eutaw.
EUTAW FORMATION.-At 3592 feet the sample contains
fragments of a micaceous, glauconitic sandstone which re-
sembles material from other wells in which the Selma-Eutaw
contact could be ascertained with considerable certainty. The
appearance of this sandstone certainly indicates,that the drill
had penetrated the Eutaw, but the green shale which appeared
at a depth of 3432 feet might be included in the Eutaw. In a
well of this type it is virtually impossible to be absolutely cer-
tain of a contact which must be chosen by a change in lith-
ology for two basic reasons: 1. the samples are all cuttings
and contain many "cavings" which obscure the primary
characteristics of the material, and 2. the distance between
authenticated wells is too great to be sure of the change in
conditions which might take place.
The section assigned to the Eutaw is composed dominantly
of shale, most of which is dense, waxy and greenish in color
in the upper portion and brownish gray to black or speckled
in the lower portion. There are some thin sandstone beds, but
it is difficult to delimit these exactly.
The section assigned to the Eutaw in the V. G. Philips well

92 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TWENTY-EIGHT

No. 1 (W-440) has a thickness of 578 feet. The thickness of
the Eutaw in the other wells studied to date is: Granberry
No. 1, 575 feet; Cedar Keys No. 2 (W-355), 573 feet; Hil-
liard Turpentine Company No. 1 (W-336), 820 feet.
TUSCALOOSA FORMATION.-At 4170 feet fragments of a
dark red, micaceous shale appeared. As there is a considerable
lithologic change between this sample and the one above it,
this depth was chosen as the top of the Tuscaloosa formation.
The Tuscaloosa formation in this area consists largely of
shale with numerous rather thin sandstone beds and two or
more thick sandstones. The general characteristics are shown
on the graphic log. Therefore, a detailed description is super-
fluous, particularly in view of the fact that the character of
the samples would permit only generalization.
Certain reports which have come to my attention consider
that many wells of this type have penetrated the Lower Cre-
taceous. This may be true. In 1938 I wrote regarding the
lower portion of the Granberry well No. 1:
"The lithologic character of certain portions of the section encountered in
the Granberry well below the Eutaw corresponds rather closely to the
Trinity described in the Mississippi well.
"Until more evidence is obtained it is futile to speculate regarding the
possibility that the well under discussion actually penetrated the Lower
Cretaceous.""'
The lower portion of the Granberry well No. 1 was rather
completely cored so that one had optima conditions for study.
The conservative treatment seemed to be that this entire
lower section in the Granberry well No. 1 should be assigned
to the Tuscaloosa formation until more positive proof of
Lower Cretaceous age can be established. Nothing has yet
appeared to cause me to believe that these wells did not end
in the Tuscaloosa.

PALEONTOLOGICAL RECORD (W-440)
399 feet (first sample)
Dictyocomns cookei (Moberg)
Heterostegina texana Gravell and Hanna
Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) ariana Cole and Ponton

Op. cit., (Bull. 26), pp. 26, 27.

STRATIGRAPHIC AND PALEONTOLOGIC STUDIES OF WELLS

516-546 feet
Dictyoconus americanus (Cushman)
cooked (Moberg)
Discoritopsis gunteri Cole
Eodictyoconus cubensis (Cushman and Bermudez)
546-554 feet
Dictyoconus americanus (Cushman)
cookei (Moberg)
Discorinopsis gunteri Cole
Eodictyoconus cubensis (Cushman and Bermudez)
Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) macdonaldi Cushman
Pseudochrysalidina floridana Cole
578-584 feet
Eponides gunteri Cole
Lituonella floridana Cole
615-625 feet
Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) cedarkeysensis Cole
625-635 feet
Coskinolina floridana Cole
Textilaria coryensis Cole
655-665 feet
Spirolina coryensis Cole
675-685 feet
Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) cedarkeysensis Cole (abundant)
745-755 feet
Camerina vanderstoki (Rutten and Vermunt)
945-95 feet
Camerina moodybranchensis Gravell and Hanna
975-985 feet
Operculinoides willcoxi (Heilprin)
985-995 feet
Operculina barker Vaughan and Cole (rare)
995-1005 feet
Lepidocyclina (Lepidocyclina) mortoni Cushman
1015-1016 feet
Camerina jacksonensis Gravell and Hanna
Operculina barkei Vaughan and Cole (abundant)
1018-1030 feet
Operculinoides cookei (Cushman)
vaughani (Cushman)
1757-1768 feet
Camagueyia perplexa Cole and Bermudez
Discocyclina (Asterocyclina) monticellensis Cole and Ponton
Discorbis inornatus Cole
Falndaria vaighani Cole and Ponton
Lepidocyclina (Pliolepidina) ariana Cole and Ponton

93

94 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TWENTY-EIGHT

1799-1809 feet
Lepidocyclina (Pliolfpidina) ariana Cole and Ponton (very abundant)
2535-2545 feet
Ellipsolagena (?) sp.
Globigerina sp.
2675-2685 feet
Anomalina sp.
Cibicides blanfiedi Toulmin
Eponides sp.
Nonionella insecta (Schwagcr)
Planulina marialana Hadley
2685-2695 feet
Anomalina acuta Plummer
dorri Cole
sp.
Bunliina sp.
Eggerella trochoides (Reuss)
Eponides sp.
Globigerina triloculinoides Plummer
Globorotalia snembranacea (Ehrenberg)
Nuttallides trilmpyi (Nuttall)
Pseudoglandulina manifest (Reuss)
Spiroplectammiina mexiaensis Lalicker
2695-2705 feet
Anomnalina sp.
Cibicides sp. cf. C. pseudoungerianus (Cushman)
Gyro/dina sp.
Siplonina sp.
Spiroplectammina expanse (Plummer)
2705-2715 feet
Globigerina sp.
Globorotalia mnembranacea (Ehrenberg)
willcoxensis Cushman and Ponton
Nuttallides trilmpyi (Nuttall)
2715-2725 feet
Bolivina incrassata Reuss
*Globorotalia membranacea (Ehrenberg)
Globotruncana area (Cushman)
cretacea Cushman
Giimbelina punchtlata Cushman
Lituola taylorenis Cushman and Waters
'*Nonionella welleri (Plummer)
Pseudotextularia varians Rzehak
Pulleiia americana Cushman
273 -2745 feet
Anomalina henbesti Plummer
nelsoni W. Berry
sholzensis Cole
sp. (same as figures 9, 10, plate 2, Florida Geol. Survey
Bull. 20)

STRATIGRAPHIC AND PALEONTOLOGIC STUDIES OF WELLS

Arenobulinmina americana Cushman
lolivina incrassata Reuss
Bolikinoodps drcnnoraa (Jones)
Buliminella carseyar ri,..mr.%er
Cibicides steplensoni Cushman
Clavulinoides trilatera (Cushman)
Dorothia stephetnsoni Cushman
Eggerella trochoides (Reuss)
Globotruncana area (Cushman)
fornicata Plummer
Gilmbclina coslulata Cushman
plummerae Loetterle
Gyroidina alabamensis Sandidge
Pseudotextularia varians Rzehak
Pullenia americana Cushman
StensiOina americana Cushman
2745-275 .feet
Anomalina pinguis Jennings
Gyroidina globosa (v. Hagenow)
nitida (Reuss)
Helerostomella antericana Cushman
2755-2765 feet
Anomalina taylorensis Carsey
Buliminclla carseyae Plummer
'GGloborotalia membranacea (Ehrenberg)
Giimbdlina costulata Cushman
excolata Cushman
Gyroidina depressa (Alth)
globosa (v. Hagenow)
Marssonella oxycona (Reuss)
Planulina cedarkeysensis Cole
Pseudotextularia varians Rzehak
Rcussella cushmani Brotzen
Valvulineria allontorphinoides (Reuss)

DESCRIPTIONS OF CORES (W-440)
1966-1983 feet.-Motitled gray and brownish, slightly
crystalline limestone with many scattered grains of glauco-
nite and a few small flakes of lignite; some Foraminifera and
shell fragments.
2127-2137 feet.-One fragment of light brown silicified
limestone; one fragment of light brown, soft, compact lime-
stone with small lignite streaks.
2137-2142 feet.-Brownish gray, compact, soft limestone
with few scattered grains of glauconite.
Specimens so marked may represent species from the Paleocene occurring as savingss".

95

96 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TWENTY-EIGHT

2147-2152 feet.-Brownish gray, compact, semi-crystal-
line, non-fossiliferous limestone with an occasional e- ia, of
Lilacrnnire.
2152-2157 feet.-Brownish gray, porous, granular lime-
stone with occasionally streaks which contain numerous dark
to light green glauconite grains.
2157-2162 feet.-Mottled tan and gray, hard limestone
with occasional small grains of glauconite and molds of fossils.
2162-2175 feet.-Fragment of light brownish gray chert
with soft, light brownish gray limestone attached to one side.
2198-2205 feet.-Light brownish gray, porous, crystalline,
foraminiferal limestone with an occasional small glauconite
grain.
2205-2210 feet.-See 2198-2205 feet.
2288-2293 feet (Core?).-Several fragments of light
brownish gray, soft, porous, crystalline limestone.

DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES
FAMILY VALVULINIDAE
Subfamily EGGERELLINAE
Genus LITUONELLA Schlumberger, 1905
Liluonella floridana Cole
Plate 12, Figures 4, 5
1937. Lituoncila sp. (?) Cushman, Cont. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res. Sp.
Publication No. 8, p. 185, pl. 22, fig. 14.
1941. Litunella floridana Cole, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 19, p. 23, pl. 3.
figs. 14-17; pl. 4, fig. 10; pl. 6, figs. 9-11.
The axial thin section (figure 4, plate 12) of a specimen
from the Ravlin-Brown well (W-440) is identical with
that of a paratype specimen (see figure 9, plate 6, Florida
Geol. Survey Bull. 19) from the Carpenter's Home well (W-
448).
First appearance: In the V. G. Philips No. 1 well at a depth
of 578-584 feet.
Occurrence: Oligocene, reworked from the middle Eocene.

STRATIGRAPHIC AND PALEONTOLOGIC STUDIES OF WELLS

Genus COSKINOLINA Stache, 1875
Coskinolina floridana Cole
Plate 12, Figures 2, 6, 8
1928. Coskinolina cookei Moberg (part), Florida Geol. Survey 19th Ann.
Rept., pp. 166-168, pl. 3, fig. 6, (not figs. 1-5, 7-8).
1941. Coskinolina floridana Cole, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 19, pp. 24, 25,
pl. 3, figs. 1-7; pl. 4, figs. 1-9; pl. 5, figs. 1-5, 11; pl. 18, fig. 9.
1942. Coskinolina floridana Cole. Cole, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 20,
p. 21, pl. 4, figs. 4, 5.
Typical specimens occur, but not in great abundance.
First appearance: In the V. G. Philips No. 1 well (W-440)
at a depth of 625-635 feet.
Occurrence: Oligocene, reworked from the middle Eocene.

Genus DICTYOCONUS Blanckenhorn, 1900
Dictyoconus americanus (Cushman)
Plate l1tFigure 3
1919. Conulites americana Cushman, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ.
291, p. 43, text fig. 3.
1942. Dictyoconus americanus (Cushman). Cole, Florida Geol. Survey
Bull. 20, pp. 21-24, pl. 3, figs. 12, 13; pl. 6, figs. 1-9; pl. 7, figs. 1-5;
pl. 16, figs. 14, 15 (references and synonymy).
1944. Dictyoconus americanus (Cushman). Cole, Florida Geol. Survey
Bull. 26, pp. 36, 37, pl. 4, figs. 1-6; pl. 8, figs. 12, 13; pl. 18, fig. 11.
Entirely typical specimens of this species were recovered.
This species has been described and discussed in previous bul-
letins so that additional remarks are not required.
First appearance: In the V. G. Philips No. 1 well (W-440)
at a depth of 516-546 feet; abundant in the next sample at
546-5 54 feet.
Occurrence: Oligocene, reworked from the middle Eocene.

Dictyoconus cookei (Moberg)
Plate 1l.Eigures 1, 7, 9
1928. Coskinolina cookei Moberg, Florida Geol. Survey 19th Ann. Rept.,
pp. 166-168, pl. 3, figs. 1-5, 7-8 (not fig. 6).
1941. Dictyoconus cookei (Moberg). Cole, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 19,
pp. 26, 27, pl. 3, figs. 11-13; pl. 5, figs. 6-10, 12, 13; pl. 6, figs. 1-8;
pl. 18, fig. 12.

98 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TWENTY-EIGHT

1942. Dictyoconns cookei (Moberg). Cole, Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 20,
pp. 24, 25, pl. 3, fig. 10; pl. 4, fig. 8.
The first sample at 399 feet contained four specimens which
the thin sections prove should be assigned to this species. The
horizontal plate which subdivides the chambers can be seen
distinctly on the right hand side of figure 7, plate 12. Abun-
dant specimens were not found until the sample at 516-546
feet was examined.
First appearance: In the V. G. Philips No. 1 well (W-440)
at a dept> of 399 feet (first sample); abundant at a depth of
516-546 feet.
Occurrence: Oligocene, reworked from the middle Eocene.

Genus EODICTYOCONUS Cole and Bermudez, 1944
Eodictyocotus cubensis (Cushman and Bermudez)
Plate 12, Figures 10, 11
1936. Pscuilorbitolina cubensis Cushman and Bermudez, Contrib. Cush-
man Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 12, p. 59, pl. 10, figs. 27-30.
1941. Psendorbitolina cubensis Cushman and Bermudez. Cole, Florida
Geol. Survey Bull. 19, pp. 22, 23, pl. 2, figs. 5-11.
1942. Pselcorbitolina cubensis Cushman and Bermudez. Cole, idein., Bull.
20, pp. 18, 19, pl. 3, fig. 4; pl. 5, fig. 1.
1944. Pscudlorbitolina cubensis Cushman and Bermudez. Cole, idem., Bull.
26, pp. 35, 36, pl. 2, fig. 7; pl. 8, figs. 14, 15; pl. 13, figs. 1, 2.
1944. EoIlictyoconus cubensis (Cushman and Bermudez). Cole and Ber-
mudez, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 28, No. 113, pp. 6-10, pl. 1, fig. 1;
pl. 2, figs. 1-12; pl. 3, figs. 1-5.
The specimens from this well have been compared with
topotype specimens from the middle Eocene, Jabaco forma-
tion of Cuba, as well as with specimens previously assigned to
this species from other Florida wells. There are no significant
differences.
First appearance: In the V. G. Philips No. 1 well (W-440)
at a depth of 516-546 feet.
Occurrence: Oligocene, reworked from the middle Eocene.
Family MILIOLIDAE
Genus FABULARIA Defrance, 1820
Fabularia vanghani Cole and Ponton
Plate 15, Figure 6; Plate 16, Figures 1-10
1934. Fabularia vaughani Cole and Ponton, Amer. Midland Nat., vol. 15,
No. 2, pp. 139-141, pl. 1, figs. 1-9.

STRATIGRAPHIC AND PALEONTOLOGIC STUDIES OF WELLS

1937. Fabularia vaughani Cole and Ponton. Hanzawa, Jour. Pal., vol. 11,
No. 2, pp. 111-113, pl. 20, figs. 1-4.
1942. Fabularia vaughani Cole and Ponton. Cole, Florida Geol. Survey
Bull. 20, pp. 25, 26, pl. 3, fig. 14; pl. 15, fig. 1.
At 1757-1768 feet in the V. G. Philips No. 1 well (W-440)
a few specimens representing the genus Fabularia were recov-
ered, and at 1789-1799 feet, numerous individuals were en-
countered. To date, the only species of Fabularia described
from North America is F. vaughani Cole and Ponton. Cole
and Ponton had specimens assigned to this species from the
Southern States Oil Corporation well (W-19) located about
one and a half miles north of Monticello, Jefferson County,
Florida. Cole and Ponton state
"there occur at 1740 feet (in W-19) specimens of Fabilaria which appear
to be identical to those found in the Jacksonville wells. These specimens are
not as well preserved as those from the Jacksonville wells, but apparently
exhibit the same characters."
These specimens of Fabularia in the Southern States Oil
Corporation well (W-19) were associated with Lepidocyclina
ariana Cole and Ponton and Asterocyclina monticellensis Cole
and Ponton. As these species occur with the specimens of
Fabularia in the V. G. Philips No. 1 well (W-440), it was
desirable to compare the specimens of Fabularia from W-440
with those from W-19, and, then, compare the entire group
with specimens from the type locality of F. vaughani.
Four poorly preserved specimens were available from the
Southern States Oil Corporation well (W-19). One axial
(figure 10, plate 16) and two transverse (figures 2, 8, plate
16) thin sections were made from these specimens. One trans-
verse section with a maximum diameter of 1.16 mm. has a
nearly spherical central chamber with internal diameters of
320 x 340 /A. This section has 5 biloculine chambers following
the central chamber. The other transverse section with a
maximum diameter of 0.95 mm. has a subspherical central
chamber with internal diameters of 260 x 320 p/. There are
4 biloculine chambers disposed around the central chamber.
As these specimens were eroded, the diameter and number of
biloculine chambers would be increased in uneroded speci-
mens. The axial section was cut from a specimen with a length
of 1.56 mm. and a height of 0.95 mm. Unfortunately, the
central chamber was lost in the preparation of this thin sec-

99

100 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TWENTY-EIGHT

tion. The eroded surface of these specimens exhibited costae
with a width of about 60 /A which anastomose.
Five thin sections were prepared from specimens from the
V. G. Philips No. 1 well (W-440). All of these specimens
were eroded. Therefore, the measurements given of gross
diameters are smaller than those which uneroded specimens
would have. Of the two transverse sections available, one has
a maximum diameter of 0.98 mm. with a subspherical initial
chamber with diameters of 400 x 460 a around which there
are 3 biloculine chambers; the other has a maximum diameter
of 0.74 mm. with a subspherical initial chamber with diam-
eters of 360 x 320 A. This specimen also has three biloculine
chambers surrounding the initial chamber. The dimensions
of the axial sections follow:
Length -- 1.24 mn. 1.3 mm. 1.4 mm.
Height - - -0.74 mm. 0.93 mm. 0.86 mm.
Diameters of initial chamber 240x320 p 3 310x320 /t 360x440 j
Number of biloculine chambers 5 5 3
Eroded specimens from the V. G. Philips No. 1 well (W-
440) have the same appearance as the specimens from W-19,
exhibiting rather heavy, anastomosing costae. The conclusion
was reached that the specimens from the Southern States Oil
Corporation well (W-19) represent the same species as do
those found in the V. G. Philips No. 1 well (W-440). There
remains, however, the problem of whether these specimens
should be assigned to F. vaughani.
In the Cole collection there are five specimens from the
well (W-72c) drilled by the Gibbs Dry Dock Company,
South Jacksonville, Duval County, Florida. A transverse
section with a maximum diameter of 0.94 mm. has 5 bilocu-
line chambers surrounding a central chamber with an internal
diameter of 140 A. A note on this thin section states that it
was not ground to the center of the specimen. Therefore, it
is probable that only the top portion of the central chamber
is shown on this thin section. Another transverse thin sec-
tion with a maximum diameter of 1.32 mm. has 6+ biloculine
chambers, but the central area is destroyed. The third trans-
verse section is broken, but a portion of this broken section
has a maximum diameter of 0.96 mm. with 4 biloculine cham-
bers. The only axial section available has a length of 1.2 mm.

STRATIGRAPHIC AND PALEONTOLOGIC STUDIES OF WELLS

and a height of 0.94 mm. The central chamber has diameters
of 140 x 180 p. There are 6 biloculine chambers exhibited in
this specimen.
The uncut specimen from W-72c has a length of 2.76 mm.,
a width of 1.5 mm. and a height of 1.7 mm. Anastomosing
costae with widths from 60 to 80 / are present.
The specimens from the Jacksonville wells (type speci-
mens) apparently have a smaller central chamber, at least,
in those examined to date. Many specimens from the Jack-
sonville wells have a greater size than any recovered from W-
19 or W-440. But, in no other significant manner do the
three lots of specimens differ. Therefore, they are all assigned
to the same species.
First appearance: In the V. G. Philips No. 1 well (W-440)
at a depth of 1757-1768 feet; abundant at a depth of 1789-
1799 feet.
Occurrence: Middle Eocene, Lisbon formation.

Family CAMERINIDAE
Subfamily CAMERININAE
Genus CAMERINA Brugi&re, 1792
Camerina jacksonensis Gravell and Hanna
Plate 13, Figures 3-6
1935. Camterina jacksonensis Gravell and Hanna, Jour. Pal., vol. 9, No. 4,
p. 331, pl. 29, figs. 1-5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14.
1939. Camerina jacksonensis Gravell and Hanna. Barker, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mus., vol. 86, No. 3052, p. 324, pl. 13, fig. 6; pl. 20, fig. 8; pl. 22,
fig. 9.
1942. Camerina jacksoncnsis Gravell and Hanna. Cole, Florida Geol. Sur-
vey Bull. 20, pp. 26, 27, pl. 8, figs. 3-5.
Test small, lenticular, some specimens with a very nr.rrow
flange, others without this feature, completely involute; sur-
face ornamentation consists of a group of beads of clear shell
material. The beads have a diameter of about 100 u and are
raised above the surface of the test. These beads are radially
arranged from the apex of the test and normally do not occur
on the flange.
The septa are oblique and gently recurved at their distal
ends. Transverse sections show a strongly developed axial

101

102 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TWENTY-EIGHT

plug which has a surface diameter of 140 to 200 g. On cer-
tain transverse sections the surface beads may be observed
projecting above and penetrating into the shell wall (figure
5, plate 13).
Measurements of two transverse and one median section
follow:
Height - 1.96+ mm. 1.46 mm. 1.84 mm.
Width -- ----- -.1.6 mm.
Thickness - 0.72 mmi. 0.56 mm.
Number of whorls -.. 3
Number of chambers
in the last evolution 2 1 21
Internal diameter of
the initial chamber 30 p 80I p 80 a
First appearance: In the V. G. Philips No. 1 well (W-440)
at a depth of 1015-1016 feet.
Occurrence: Ocala limestone.

Canmrina moodybranchensis Gravell and Hanna
Plate 13, Figures 2, 7-9, 12
1935. Cnamerina m oodybratnchensis Gravell and Hanna, Jour. Pal., vol. 9,
No. 4, p. 332, pl. 29, figs. 15, 22-24.
1939. Caiemripa moodybrancrlnsis Gravell and Hanna. Barker, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., vol. 86, No. 3052, pp. 323, 324, pl. 13, fig. 5; pl. 20,
fig. 2; pl. 22, fig. 2.
1941. Cartmrina .moodybranchensis Gravell and Hanna. Cole, Florida Geol.
Survey Bull. 19, p. 28, pl. 9, fig. 9; pl. 11, figs. 9-15.
1942. Camrerina mtoodybranchensis Gravell and Hanna. Cole, Florida Geol.
Survey Bull. 20, p. 27, pl. 8, figs. 6-8.
Test small, completely involute, lenticular in cross section
with a rather sharp periphery. Uneroded specimens are with-
out ornamentation except for a mass of clear shell material
over the poles. Slightly eroded specimens show raised septa
which are straight and radial from the central boss. The di-
mension of the four uncut specimens illustrated on plate 13,
figure 2 follow:
Height - 1.7 mm. 1.5 mm. 1.7m. 1.7 m mm.
Width - 1.5 mm. 1.3 mm. 1.5 mm. 1.7 mm.
Thickness 1.0 mm. 0.8 mm. 0.8 mm. 1.0 mm.
Median sections show the tight coiling with very gradual
expansion of the whorls. The septa are oblique and are very

STRATIGRAPHIC AND PALEONTOLOGIC STUDIES OF WELLS

slightly recurved at their distal ends. Transverse sections
show a very prominent wedge-shaped plug of darker material
on each side of the initial chambers. The distal end of this
mass of shell material forms the polar boss observed on the
exterior of the test. The dimensions of four thin sections
follow:
TABLE 6
Measurements of Camterina oodybranchensis

TRANSVIIRSE SECTIONS MEDIAN SECTIONS

Height 1.8+ mm. 1.9+- mm. 1.54 mm. 1.6 mm.

Width 1.6 mm. 1.56 mm.

Thickness 0.84 mm. 0.84 mm. -

Number of whorls 4 4

Number of chambers in
the final evolution 19 20
Internal diameter of
the initial chamber 80 L 60 L 70 / 60 j
Thickness of the outer
wall of the test 60-100l 40-100 i 100 I 60-80
Surface diameter 300 300340 -
of axial plug

First appearance: In the V. G. Philips No. 1 well (W-440)
at a depth of 945-955 feet.
Occurrence: Ocala limestone.

Camerina vanderstoki (Rutten and Vermunt)
Plate 13, Figure 1; Plate 1;, Figures 11, 12
1932. Nunmnlifes vanderstoki Rutten and Vermunt, Kon. Akad. Wet-
ensch. Amsterdam Proc., vol. 3 p. 240, pl. 1, fig. 8; pl. 2, figs. 6, 12.
1939. Camerina vanderstoki (Rutten and Vermunt). Barker, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mus., vol. 86, No. 3052, pp. 322, 323, pl. 13, fig. 7; pl. 18,
fig. 3; pl. 22, figs. 10-12.
1941. Camerina vanderstoki (Rutten and Vermunt). Cole, Florida Geol.
Survey Bull. 19, pp. 28, 29, pl. 8, figs. 2-10.

103

	Frontispiece
	Title Page
	Front Matter
	Table of Contents
	Main
	Index

MILLISECOND	CLASS.METHOD	MESSAGE
0	sobekcm_page_globals.constructor
0	sobekcm_page_globals.constructor	Application State validated or built
0	sobekcm_database.verify_item_lookup_object
0	sobekcm_page_globals.constructor	Navigation Object created from URI query string
0	sobekcm_database.verify_item_lookup_object
0	sobekcm_page_globals.display_item	Retrieving item or group information
0	sobekcm_page_globals.get_entire_collection_hierarchy	Retrieving hierarchy information
0	sobekcm_assistant.get_entire_collection_hierarchy
0	cached_data_manager.retrieve_item_aggregation
0	cached_data_manager.retrieve_item_aggregation	Found item aggregation on local cache
0	item_aggregation_builder.get_item_aggregation	Found 'all' item aggregation in cache
0	system.web.ui.page.page_load (ufdc.page_load)
0	sobekcm_page_globals.constructor.on_page_load
0	html_echo_mainwriter.add_style_references	Adding style references to HTML
0	html_echo_mainwriter.add_text_to_page	Reading the text from the file and echoing back to the output stream
47	html_echo_mainwriter.add_text_to_page	Finished reading and writing the file