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FLORIDA STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY HERMAN GUNTER, State Geologist MIOCENE VERTEBRATES FROM FLORIDA MIOCENE LAND MAMMALS FROM FLORIDA BY GEORGE GAYLORD SIMPSON NEW HETEROMYID RODENTS FROM THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA BY ALBERT ELMER WOOD APHELOPS FROM THE HAWTHORN FORMATION OF FLORIDA BY EDWIN H. COLBERT Published for THE STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY SA T T A l A HfF1 1019 55 PUBLISHED DECEMBER 30, 1932 ~t3 to t-: b LETTER TRANSMITTAL Excellency, Hon Doyle Carlt on, Gov ernor Florida. have honor submit herewith publication as Bulletin Florida Geological Survey report with major title MIOCENE VERTEBRATES FROM FLORIDA consisting a series three papers different authors. They relate to a very important series of fossils found by the Florida Geological Survey at Midway, in Gilchrist County Gadsden The County Tallaha ssee, Leon County and last named locality is new and has already yielded Florida greater edge of some indeed best in any Miocene eastern State. vertebrate material This locality will be found worked detail for it gives promise of adding much more to our knowl- extinct mammals. These expense papers have been contributed the Florida Geological urvey authors other than that of without prepar- ng the illustration is a pleasure acknowledge generous cooperation on the part of The American Museum of Natural History through . George Gaylord Simpson, Associate Curator Verte- brate Paleontology . It wa through Dr Simpson that the two shorter papers Mr. Colbert and Mr. Albert Elmer Wood were arranged Respectfully, HERMAN GUNTER, State Tallahassee, October Geologist. Florida < dJ6f * * f * * * * CONTENTS PAGE Miocene Land Mammals from Florida , by George Gaylord Simpson, (Figures to 23) New Heteromyid Rodents from Albert Elmer Wood. the Miocene of Florida (Figures 24 to 29) Aphelops from the Hawthorn Formation of Florida, Edwin H. Colbert. (Figure 30) ILLUSTRATION PAGES Cynodesmeus Cynod 6, 7, 10, 12,13. 8,9,11. esmus8 Amph&icyon Parahippus Merl/chippus nobilias Gcal (I u a1 * 19 .* 21 leonenlsi gunteri S 21 ,24, 22, 14, 15, 16, 17. 18, 19. 20, 21. Archaeoh.ippus nanus Anlchitheriumn Oxydactylus . 28, 29, 30 clarencci floridanus A, Blastomeryxr. ? Tanupolama , FDromomeryx mirifica 24, 25. 26-28. Proh cteromys florlidanus Proheteromys magnus Heteromyid, et. sp. indet. . 29 Teeth of Aphelops sp. and left proximal phalanx Oxydactylus . 53 Figures MIOCENE LAND MAMMALS FROM FLORIDA GEORGE GAYLORD SIMPSON THE AMERICAN MUSEUM NATURAL HISTORY, NEW YORK, CONTENTS PAGE Introduction Geologic Occurrence Correlation Description * 11 * . 1. of. Species Rodentia Heteromyidle S* 17 Carnivora Canidre Cynod C8111smu nobilis, new species Cynodesmus cantavus, Canids new species indet * . 17 10 S . 20s Amphicyon sp. Perissodactyla . . 20 S. .. 21 Equidae! Parahippus leoncnsis Sellards Merychippus gunteri Simpson . Archwohippus naus, new species * a a . a 21 S. 21 . . 21 S28 Archlwohippus Anchitherium nanust clarcncci , new species Rhinocerotidre Aphelops sp. .31 . . 32 .. 34 . a a 34 Artiodactyla. . . . . . . . 34 Oreodontidie . . . 34 Camelidfe Oxydactylus floridanus, new species * 4 35 cf. Miolabis sp. indet. Camelid Cervidre . 37 S38 Blastomeryw ?Dromomeryx marsh/i Lull amner'icanus Douglass 38 . . 38 Cervid indet. Note on the Pleistocene S . . 38 S. a : . . . . 39) 37 indet. MIOCENE LAND MAMMALS FROM FLORIDA By GEORGE GAYLORD SIMPSON INTRODUCTION a previous known of Miocene paper1 I have given land mammals in a revision c Florida and that discussed was then their and occurrence. Five localitie were then listed each with a small fauna known only from a few isolated specimens, most part doubtful identification, although their Miocene and general character were established. Renewed work by the Florida State Geological Survey now permits a very substantial additional contribution and reconsideration problems involved Further work Midway locality resulted in character the discovery those many new specimens, previously found there much adding same some new records, especially a series of tiny rodents2 and additions to the known carnivores and ungulates. Most important is the discovery by Clar- ence Simpson of a new Miocene locality, here referred to a the Thoma Farm, from which came specimens incomparably better than any others yet found in the Miocene of any eastern State. This locality has been worked at intervals during the past year, especially by G. M. Ponton and J Clarence Simpson. The resulting collection was placed in my series History hands duplicates study Herman presented The drawings in thi Gunter, State American paper Geologist, Museum Mrs. Mildred and Natural Clemans. GEOLOGIC OCCURRENCE The came south specimen from previously pit's town known Fuller Midway Very from Earth few Midway, Company were Gadsden County, one-half in place, mile wad determined that most or all came from immediately above upper two beds commercial fullers earth. The new specimens from two sandy beds. Quincy the same stratum The (the locality just from below connection Floridin between Company) a horizon upper these fuller beds cannot few earth Midway traced feet lower, between and those continuously but .in all they seem probability, correspond from and new exactly the same specimens horizon as those therefore, previously FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TEN fuller earth show no observable distinctions and is evident that the apparent unconformity below this sandy stratum i and a local feature does not represent a determinable time gap. Data regarding Thomas Farm locality been upplied Ponton house on Assistant State Geologist. what is known as Thomas The locality old farm, is in near Gilchrist an old County about miles west High Springs. The bones come from shallow circular depression about two hundred fifty feet in diameter, lowest point, somewhat eccentric about fifteen feet below level on which stands old house. After the discovery surface specimens, a deep elongate pit wa dug and much additional material found. urely The enlargement disclose more this pit, specimens and in suitably is much dry weather, )e desired bu would must await further opportunity The section encountered was as follows Surface. sandy loam. -18" sticky brown clay with occasional random bones , poorly preserved. -24" mixture clay and limestone with many limestone pebbles to 4" in diameter. Many random bones, poorly preserved. bone tratum in friable limestone matrix-the best preserved bones. friable estone without bones. bone stratum but some good in friable material. limestone matrix-bones crushed friable limestone without bones. bone stratum poorly preserved recovery friable limestone without bones. Beds contain occasional limestone pebble diameter beds have been subjected to slumping and slipping and mnna rnnm hair alvn oan ie Inoal m onlpm pnt Pdri L. l.L t J--'$L'* tJ ,tIL Ut t. *t_ A.IJ tv t4. ** JVja&/L La L tr L A tiL 9 all 4 I; 1Ikl Il ll s I MIOCENE VERTEBRATES FROM FLORIDA There two possibilities in interpretation these facts. is possible that there was once here a section threee marine forma.- tion : Hawthorn , Tampa and Ocala and that subsequent erosion and solution have destroyed Hawthorn as s and concentrated fossils, together with residual Tampa and Ocala in this sink-hole. The other interpretation i that the sink-hole or a similar anteeessor was bone and active strata Ocala buried. in Hawthorn were time formed material and hole which Data coveredC being ed with contemporary numerous enou land residual mammal decision when Tampa were from delicacy tration animals and in definite relative strata Hawthorn completeness and age" absence latter remains, E marine hypothesi now their concen- or estuarine seems more probable).' The apparent purity of the fauna agrees with the evidence against much transportation in suggesting that this is an original deposit of the a of the youngest fauna (that of land mammal and one subsequently reworked or concentrated. AGE AND CORRELATION In my previous revision (1930, cit.) it was tentatively concluded that the Miocene fauna one Lower Miocene then , perhaps known from about Lower Florida Harrison were two ages, the other Middle Miocene Griscom latter b Quincy. about Sheep Plantation those view is and the Creek. The Franklin Cummer first Phospha Lumber was represented Company Company faunas Midway, now to be somewhat modified in detail the and although confirmed in essentials. The time interval covered by the best known launa that of Thoma probably than s Farm Lower (not then known) Harrison through and Sheep that of Midway Creek. The Cummer Lumber Company locality furnished only specimen ignored. from Merychippmu The Midway unknown Quincy fauna is identical so that whatever is said exact with and origin and less rich latter may than applie that both. a well at Tallaha -nIoanrhoA hn ssee were found Aphelops sp. tha nioonrnannvino' nontp .V I 1 *. and ,inlhmrt Oxydactylus flnnarpntlv L. . I I I FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TEN Franklin Phosphate Company Griscom Plantation Thomas Midway Farm RODENTIA Heteromyidre Proheteromiys Proheteromys magnus floridan us CARNIVORA Canidie ?TemnoeUyon - ?Cynodearnus iamlonenflsis Cynodesmus ltobllis Cynodesmuss ?Tomrarctus Amphicyon ?Am phicyon aor ? odesvus or 7Cynodesmnus pontonf sp. PERISSODACTYLA Equidie Parahippus leonensis Parahippus o0 Archwohlippus Arch wohippus Meryehippus Anchitheriumn Rhinocerotidie ?Aphelops ?Ownopus r Archweohippus noanus ef. nanus guntori clarentce or Diceratherium ARTIODACTYLA Entelodontidfe Dinohyus Oreodontidae Gen. indet. Camelidae ctylus1 Oxydactylus ef. Miolabis Camelids indet. Cervidse Blastomerywv cf floridan us ?floridanus sp. ma8rshi ?Blastomeryx ?Dromomeryr cf. am n ericanu 18 -'6 a a t Oxayda MIOCENE VERTEBRATES FROM FLORIDA definitely differ as to species. might about equivalent Griscom necessarily Plantation vague and Thomas personal Farm localities impression) (and might rather older. The other three faunas while without any one species common to all three , clearly cover a fairly limited span. Griscom Plantation and Thomas Farm have Parahippus leonensis and probably also Oxydactylus floridainus in common and ?Cynodesrnus iafonetsWis rather species. that close The from two Thomas faunas a Griscom Farm dogs, probably Plantation although about eq very poorly clearly luivalent, known. a distinct although Thomas Farm and Midway have, beyond much doubt, one species in common Anchitheriwum clarencei, and there is a general imunpression that they are of about the same age. But not exactly so, for where one would expect correspondence dogs from other Midway respects same is not as those exact. from The Thomas known Farm. Archceohippu occurs both, that from Midway appears differ from related Thoma Farm species. The camels and cervids, while poorly known , are clearly not the same species on the basis known Parahippu s absence relative specimens. leonensis Midway where whole Most important n abundance Merychippus fauna. occurrence Thomas g uwteri discussed Farm is equally below, these and abundant species, although referred to different genera, appear really to be very closely allied and may even be immediately ancestral and descendant. The most probable tentative conclusion that Thomas Farm and Midway faunas are nearly contemporaneous, that from Midway being slightly later. Comparing with western sequence, rodents are of Miocene, perhaps Lower Miocene aspect, but not exactly correlated. Among carnivores, Farm compare with I Cynodesmus nobilis and C. canc iower Miocene species from the wits from Thomas West and belong to a genus probably exclusively Lower Miocene. Amphicyon pontoni from Midway, as previously shown seems most comparable lower Middle Miocnene forms from West. - ~- --- y- -1 - -- -- ~r*-- yV- FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TEN theriurm clarencei is comparable to and in some respects intermediate between Lower and Middle Miocene western species. Aphelops sp. from the Tallahassee well is of Middle Miocene aspect. Oxydactylus floridanus belongs a Lower Miocene group, so far as it affinities can now be read, and appears to be a rather advanced member that group. The Midway camels seem somewhat more progressive, although evidence is very poor and this may be illusory. The either Midway Lower or cervids, Middle identified Miocene in only in a tentative way, could age. Both fauna have affinities with both Lower and Middle Miocene, that that these Thoma from two Midway faunas, Farm with toward and also perhaps Middle. other a leaning The toward evidence well known Lower, suggests faunas that from Florida Miocene, cover transition from Lower Middle Miocene, perhaps roughly between the Upper Harrison and the Lower Sheep Creek. The marine evidence is in accord with this view Tampa early Lower distinctly Limestone Miocene Miocene older than these Hawthorn, and faunas, equivalent a somewhat extensive well last faunas ill-defined range in the tawhatchee lower and apparently middle later part than that land epoch faunas while covers Choc- a consid- erable range in the later Miocene. The general faun relations between Florida and western stat Nebraska example, Miocene now still more clearly one. shown. t show; The Florida fauna no especial is a relations continental North any other American region is it insular or otherwise strikingly peculiar in character, is made the same general elements in about same proportions as a normal western plains Miocene fauna. no distinctive genus (except Proheteromys) has been discovered in it. When good material been found , however, species have so far proven dif- ferent from any known west of Mississippi. short Nebraska and Florida then were in the same faunal realm and region. The MIOCENE VERTEBRATES FROM FLORIDA DESCRIPTIONS SPECIES RODENTIA Heteromyidte A number of teeth and isolated bones of heteromyid were recovered . Clarence been examined by Simpson from Albert Elmer matrix Wood, from Midway. These have who is publishing descriptions of them in this Bulletin. He has provided the following identification Proheteronmys * magnus Wood, Wood, new genus. new species. florida.nus, Wood, new species. Rodent are not otherwise represented in the known pre-Pleistocene fauna Florida. CARNIVORA Canide CYNODESMUS NOBILIS, new spec TYPE.--F V-5255 left lower jaw with P3-M. rs. V-5255 -----_____.- -~ -a^ FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TEN (left) .--ynodesmus nobilis, new species. Paratype. Right external crown views. Two-I ural size. Fig.3 (right).--C nobilis, new species. F. S. V-5259. thirds and nat- ynodesmntus Paratype. Right M1- M2. external and crown views. Two-thirds natural size. HORIZON AND LOCALITY.-Hawthorn Formation Miocene. Thomas Farm, Gilchrist County, Florida DIAGNOSIS s.--A relatively large Cyowdesmus with small lower pre- molars and large Mk2. Lower molar heels large and well basined. Jaw slender. -2 strongly little transverse oblique, talon , hypocone small a definite , closely basin appressed. , projecting sharply posterointernally, cingulum continuous a ,* around base protocone. Metaconule relatively siniall and much displaced internally, parastyle small. This interesting species is clearly a true canine in the Cynodioti Cynodesms-Tonmarctus line. The degree evolution seems correspond with . little Cynodesmzzs most closely displaced metaconule and It still has the transverse other features Cynodictis, more anteroposterior carnassial shear and some other advanced .species, genus, characters it appears to but that species Tomarctus. be closest to is over the heels of M'-' less strong and less Among Cynodesm s smaller oblique, previously thobides, and less heel described type transverse, distinctly basined. brachypucs is about same size, lower premolars are relatively larger, M2 relatively smaller, -the molar heels smaller and narrower. JA..'.V iaw '. A.'J mner-the inner earnassial FS. V-5256 I l P'-M1 MIOCENE VERTEBRATES FROM FLORIDA This- species closely resembles "Mesocyou Sellards from Griscom Plantation. however types and paratypes . nobilis correctly associated, as seems reasonably certain, the species are distinct. Even the smallest specimens of C nobilis are larger than more oblique, nally. internally hypocon, It seeing type and basin probable, 2 is very stronger and however, The talon , relatively projecting that Sellards' more p species projects larger, more osterointer- belongs Cynodesmus and not in Mesocyonu where he tentatively placed it. there eight specimen almost surely referable this species, extreme beyond and they show some the structure that usual variation is nearly in a single in size identical carnivore about and species. variation view their being derived from a single locality and of the structural agreement, this cannot be taken as of taxonomic value. MEASUREMENTS Type, V-5255 P, I Pi( MI M L W LI W L W L W 9.5 5 12 6.5 19.5 8.5 10 6 P' M' |I" LW I W L W V-5256 18.5 11 12.5 16 .............. .............. V-5259 .............. ..... 13.5 17 8.5 12.5 CYNODESMIUS CANAVUS, new .species TYPE.-F. G. S. V-5260, right lower jaw with and P,-M1. rS. V-5260 .tAh.L. tamonenszs. different ^ ^::::-* *-rz=^ iamoneitsis "M." IaIII .IBBB L a~m E %14 f B111 *IV FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY--BULILETIN TEN HORIZON AND LOCALITY.-Hawthorn Formation Miocene. Thomas Farm, Gilchrist County Florida. DIAGNOSIS.-A Cynodesnbles medium size about large thodides. nid nearly Lower molar heels well basined equal. not so long and , hypoconid and entoco- narrow as 111 thoilide relatively large. This species is closely similar . nob iii structure difference in size , nearly typical specimens and over the closest variant , is too great for reference the same species. differs larger from relatively genotype, smaller, . thodides shorter and chiefly wider ] in the and relatively Relatively smaller hypoconid on Mi. Resemblance to other known species is not so close. brackyp s is about the same size Mi and premolars are all much larger minor is mailer throughout. thonmsoni slightly smaller and larger wider molar heels and more crowded premolars. MEASUREMENTS Typlie, V-5200 ( i, jPa PI M,I I _ 7L W L3 W .L W I W | 7 3.5 10 5 16 7 | 0 CANIDS NDET. Two specimen from Midway how that mall and more normal canids were present there, in addition to Amphicyon pontoni, but are inadequate any determination. V-5083 is a P4 closely agreeing with that of Tomarctus optatus and may represent a species that genus or of Cynodesmus, smaller than C ca.na)vus. The other specimen, also an. isolated premolar, is not even rou ghly determinable. AMPHICYON A large Thoma canid Farm. is represented .S. three isolated V-5258 specimen from trigonid quadrate with long outer lope, blunt cusps, metaconid smaller than nrotoeonid. naraeonuid vestigial ntrl U ., LI J U -- *- UA A J t submedian. From . L A.1A MIOCENE VERTEBRATES FROM FLORII)A distinctly cuspule. cuspidate, The length i large posterior 19.5 mm. cusp A large, and smal flattened posterior basal canid astragalu with broad , shallow trochlea may also belon this pecles. g. 5.-Amphicyon F5. V-5258 V-5258 view. , trigonid F. S. right lower jaw with P sp. right crown V-5257, fragment of internal view. Two-thirds naturalI size; On these fragmentary specimen further discussion is not profitable, on comparison with no exact agreement and other the sp known Miocene canid ecies is probably new have althou found name must await further d iscoveries. 'PERT SSODACTYLA Equidae The new equid material greatly alters and add previous idea Miocene horses Florida first place, reveals new species,, An ch itherium clarenczci and A rchwohippus nanus, members tively rare aberrant in North phyla hitherto America. unknown second in Florida place, add and rela much knowledge specie Para hippus leonensis Sellards and ryclhippus gu.nteri Simpson and shows that these species, although referred with development, considerable actually reason closely to different related and nnera even their typical seemC grade into one another in their variants. PARAHIPPUS LEONENSIS MERYCHIPPUS GUNTERI Sellards Simpson INCIPAL NEW SPECIMENS Parahippu leone from Thomas Farm somewhat V-5217, broken. palate with right P'-M3 - Paralhippus *r I-s W FA * I P'-M" T I~ .\ -n v C JA3,*I FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN - TEN FS V-5244 7.--Parahippus leonensis Sellards. Left lower jaw, external view and crown view of teeth. One-half natural size. Merychippu gunteri, from V-4959. left 2 Midway [2-3 V-4960, left P2- V-4962, V-4979, V-4965, left Pa -M1. right dm'-. right dma-<. There Some are exactly with numerous other isolated type of teeth specimens from from both Thoma leonensis localities. Farm Sellards agree and almost there F3 V-4959 ES. V-4962 I 5 K- Parahippus M MIOCENE VERTEBRATES FROM FLORIDA no reasonable doubt that various ways, they when belong Whole that species. series Others is considered, differ seems clear that no specific distinctions can be made. other hand certain specimen from Midway obviously of the species Merychippus gunte ri. Here , too, there is some varia- tion , but there is no evidence that more than one species is represented. Contrasting the two Thomas Farm and Midway, they appear first glance or on comparing extreme variants in each case, belong to a single species, in spite of the obvious differences between the types of P. I onemsis and M gzcnteri. The size, although slightly variable in both covers about the same range, and each locality there reference when specimens, and two closely sets marginal resemble compared sern those that from as a. whole other and doubtful locality their Yet measurable character distinct. contrasted statistically, becomes clear that they are The chief contrasting characters are as follows Height Crown Measurements on all unworn or little worn teeth give higher figure Midway specimens than any those from Thoma Farm. The difference may as little as not always Amount variable although detected Cement in this The respect. averaging somewhat on deeply Thomas Some worn Farm have more and can- teeth. specimens little or no cement, highly most have a thin coating, and a few have as much as the less coated Midway specimens. fully formed Midway specimens have than cement those and from on tlie Thoma average they have definitely more Farm. Metaconid-metastylid The series overlaps, whole the expansion and separation are more definite on the Midway than on the Thomas Farm specimens. Union crests on upper cheek teeth pecimens from Thomas Farm the hypostyle and metaloph crochet and proto- S-1 1 1 ^ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r -. *n *A n -* '*A ^J -kh^*h j- J-^ !- h* YM flr J-k J- **l /V J- /^ W\ /^f W n *^r- *- _ .-I Li n .1 I I-~I. ,,, ,I 24 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TEN while the fossette walls are generally rather simple. Most of the specimens from Midway have a distinct but simple pli caballin in the middle wear stages, and the fossette walls tend to be more complicated. Fig. 10.-Parahip- puxs leonensia Sellards. Right dinm-, M,-2, crown view. Two- thirds natural size. The species are, then, distinct in spite of their tendency to inter- grade. The series are too small to give very smooth frequency curves, but in these distinctive characters, and possibly some others, the maxima are distinct and only the edges of the curves overlap. These differences, here perceptible with difficulty, are exactly those that serve, in their full development, to sep- arate the genera Parahippus and Mery- chippus. At first sight it seems absurd to refer to distinct genera specimens 2 that can hardly be distinguished speci- Sfically, yet this must be done or the genera in question must be redefined. If evolution is an essentially contin- uous process, and this instance adds to the many facts suggesting that this is normally the case, then such occur- rences are inevitable. The dividing line Fig. 11- Merychippus gun- teri Simpson F. S. G. S. V-4965. between successive genera is not drawn Right dm,-., and F. S. G. S. V- at a natural break but at a gap in 4979, right dmn'-', crown views. Two-thirds natural size. knowledge. If this gap be filled, then there must be a point where barely dis- tinguishable species belong to different genera of the established system. This should not serve as a basis for uniting the genera, if they are well distinguished in their more median species, as such a practice would clearly lead to chaos and innumerable absurdi- ties as knowledge became more and more complete. To establish a third genus for the marginal species of both is still less to be advocated, as it simply doubles the problem and solves nothing. Nor, if the original genera are 6n the whole of comparable scope and without marked breaks within themselves, is it advisable to MIOCENE VERTEBRATES FROM FLORIDA redefine elude - thi fer t] either so as to marginal species would simply trans- difficulty other species. The t its an and species typical for advanced leone clearly ParaJhippus, similarly primitive Merychippus. If I have correctly interpreted the facts rather and p presented full artial gradation is also a these series dentitions between radiation This teeth , the Stwo between two genera and in all probability this is an actual example genus the from rise another through closely similar, va- riable, immediately success- ive or even poraneous partly species. contem- Skulls and skeletons might make distinction more vio0lS and perhaps show this conclusion to be erron- eous, but it seems the most reasonable view at present. The milk chippu above, teeth gunteri, very permanent teeth Mecry- listed interesting '-7 -A --Para Ihipp u.s (leoui ensis Right tibia, and most of right tarsus, views. natural this the extreme Bones associated. Sellards. anterior One-half size. connection. form of P. They leonensiss differ chiflfv from h.in - -~.I aI--- gunteri FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TEN teeth of P. still simpler, er. median e smaller, lum leone.nsis crowns xternal external stronger and are low- style cingu- more continuous. The hind feet leonensis, as shown by nu- merous seem the isolated have had proportions referred avus is, n short bones, about those (doubtfully) Osborn., metatarsal and stout that relatively , phalan- ges and ungues moderate- elongate, seems slender. foot teri have Too been little material is available comparison, 1 apparently but res those tibia more good gun- close its limbs Assembled leonensis closely. Among western species, P leonensis seems most to resemble The 159 ribs size brievid ens. about smaller usually n external lore promi- 13.-Parahippus Most pes, i terror metatarsus internal view view leone1tsis phalanges of central Bones digit Sellards. 'of o and right an.- not associated. nent, hoid, hypocone and less lop- there are other minor and variable differ- ._ .., -_A-,- - annnaa 10 Cfl * wn n s n n *ratni caru tl t l* j A^- *1 I rI Efl N. KNr Zf 1-n r * 7l4^?414jd7^ M r I MIOCENE VERTEBRATES FROM FLORIDA of Osborn, M. isonesus primus of Matthew) western specimens equal, species. The although upper size some cheek averages referred teeth smaller, among adequately known about specimens more 10% two transverse typical nearly caballin more often present, and the fossette walls tend to greater complexity. The difference is, however, less than I previously supposed and were the species from the same or nearby localities and surely of the same age, they could separated only basis large series, leaving many specimens of doubtful reference. Parahippus Meryckippus, transitional brevidens and from is a very Merychippus Parahippits. advanced w2Thsf4S Osborn species, very already transitional primitive suggested species that these two western species show the change between these two genera, as the Florida species do even more closely'. MEASUREMENTS Parahippus leonensis F. S. V-5216 Ps-M, : 65 mm. L W L W L, W L W L W V-5216 16.5 13 16 13.5 15.5 12 16 11.5 V-5215 15.5 12.5 15.5 12.5 14 11.5 14.5 11 18.5 9 V-5244 16 13 16 13 15 12 15 11.5 20 10 F. S. G. S. V-5217 (deeply worn) P'-aM : 93 mum. | P' P3 P' j M' | M | M3 L W L WL WL WL WL W V-5217 19 17.5 16.5 20 17 20 14 19 14.5 19 14.5 18 Meryclippus gunteri F. S. G. S. V-4962 P-M2 : 66 nnmm. | P P, P M, M,. L W L W L W L W L W V-4962 .......... .......... 17 12 17 2.5 16 11.5 17 11 V-4960 18 10.5 16.5 11 16 12 17 11.5 .................... I M2 | M8 L L W V-4959 14.5 20 14.5 I 18.5 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TEN ARCHAEOHIPPUS NANUS, new species TYPE.-F V-5254, right P'-M3 '. I. It * I I I I * I. I l j I \ /I C- ---y- ----1 L--^.^^.-^ V'5254 -- -- - - 14.--Archl wohipp its teeth external crown 11nanCuis, views. new species. Natural Type. Right upper check size. PARATYPE.-F -5252 left lower jaw 2-Mn. FS. V-5252 - 4 * - >7 F, / L7 MIOCENE VERTEBRATES FROM FLORIDA Fig. 16.-Archweohippus nanus, new species. Partial lower jaw with dm3-4 Mi, crown view. Natural size. KNOWN DISTRIBUTION.-Hawthorn Formation, Miocene. Thomas Farm, Gilchrist County, Florida. Possibly also at Midway, see below. DIAGNOSIS.-An Archaohippus about 10% smaller than A. ultimus. Slightly lower crowned than that species or A. penultimus. P' relatively large, M' reduced. M' subtriangular, hypocone small and not fully internal. Lower grinders generally with external and internal cingula. Feet (referred) Parahippws-like, meta- podials relatively long and slender. This elegant and distinctive little horse is one of the most surprising and welcome of the new discoveries. Its chief phyletic characters are: Size very small. Brachyodont, no cement. Crochet and secondary folds absent. Fully lophiodont, but protocone and protoconule semi-distinct. Metaloph and ectoloph continuous, protoloph partly separate. Hypostyle moderate, with some tendency to unite with metaloph but often separate. Metastylids and metaconids separate only at extreme tip. Heel of M3 very small, but not looped. These characters clearly place the species in the rare and poorly known Archeohippus phylum, although it is easily distinguished from the other known species of that genus. Although an independent line, these small, conservative horses paralleled Anchitherium in the more striking dental characters and their teeth seem to a certain extent a miniature edition of those of the contemporary anchitheriines. There are some limb bones from the same locality which probably belong to this species, from their small size and distinctive characters. FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TEN The general development of the articulations median inetapodials in Parachipptus lative size metapodials as in that metartarsals form fac barely metapodi long metatarsal pus of ' is gem and the also 5s. lateral about an entocunei- ,et absent suggested. The and phalange and slender, as in Padhraip- and more slender than in most species that genus. The meta- carpals preserved are fully as slender (relatively) as in Anchitherium The metatarsals, agatense. doubtless of different individuals, are slightly less slender than in "Kal obatippu s. These agree foot well minutive size, Fig. 17.-Arclhrohippus nanus, new species. 1. S. G. S. Second and form Most of right hind foot. ectocunei- third metatarsals and associated One-half natural other size. bones not associated. tatarsal Canyon from beds bone , except with the me- Martin referred Archohokippus by (Bull. Amer. Matthew Mus. Nat. Hist , p. 128, 1924), ing considerably larger, much more slender, compressed fore-and- and without distinct entocuneiform facet. The reference present specimens Archaohippnus much more sure than specimen mentioned Matthew. pristinaus V-5249. MIOCENE VERTEBRATES FROM FLORIDA on the whole the most primitive known species, but that it is a direct ancestor characters, indeed, general is unlikely perhaps a single and because reduction including the slender phylum in the in particular, feet. strictest of M's and The sense. parallels some genus The other may group American anchi there but it must include at least one line of descent independent of latter save through common ancestry in late Oligocene. relationship Parahippus is very close and it may even be a partly artificial assemblage dwarfed and unprogressive species that genus. MEASUREMENTS Type.--F S. G. S. V-5254- : 71.5 mm. P'-M' : 65 mm. P2 I P" I MI | A L W L WIL |W L |W 12.5 | 11.5 I 11.5 14 11 14 I10 j 12.5 (P'-M' are broken on the outer edge. Lengths on ectoloph, widths maxim.) F. S. G. S. V-5252- P,-M, : 67 mm. P2 | P | I P| Mi, | M, M, L WLWL WLWLWL W 11 6.5 11 | 7.5 11.5 8.5 11.5 8.5 11 8 11.5 7 (Widths on talonid P-,, annd trigonid, M,-,.) F. S. G; S. V-5253-- dm, | dm, I M, ,L WL WIL Wj _______11.5 8 12 8 11.5 8_______ (dm, on talonid , dm4-M1 on trigonids.) ARCH/EOHIPPUS NANUS Three teeth V-5017 a species apparently related to A. ,5031; 5032) from nanus. Midway indicate Sis slightly smaller, anus S . P'-M I I FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TEN ANCHITHERIUM CLARENCEI.0 new species TYPE.-F. V-5074 , right M'-'_ Midway. PRINCIPAL REFERRED SPECIMENS.-F. V-5243 2-MNl. , right' lower jaw with Thomas Farm. F.S. V-5074 2 S. V-5101 left Pa-Mt broken. Midway. -4981 KNOWN left M2. Midway DISTRIBUTION.-IHawthorn mation, Miocene. christ County, al Thomas Farm nd Midway For- Gil- Gadsden Fig. clarenec Right M'-3 views. Anclhitheri-u im new species. Type. external and crown Two-thirds natural size. County DIAGNOSIS. Florida. -An about the size of A. molars subquadrate, anchitheriine agatense. horse Upper little transverse. reduced fully triangular. Proto-and metalophs strongly crested, sinuous. Molar hypostyles triangular, singular pitted, united by crest to hypocone. Faint vestigial external ribs on upper molars. internal cingula. Fig. 19.-Anechithicrium clarencci, new species. Right lower jaw, internal View of teeth. One-half natural size. view and crown MIOCENE FROM FLORIDA The marked possible generic * being taken or phyletic from referred characters lower teeth as follows those only Size large. Brachyodont somewhat Protoloph and no cement. reduced. metaloph distinct conules lophoid. Metaloph united to ectoloph, protoloph free or imperfectly united. No crochet or other secondary folds. IHypostyle free cingulum, relatively little advanced. upper internal cingula. Faint vestigial external ribs on upper molars. *No internal cingula *Metaconid-metast distinct external cingula olumn little expanded, on lower molars. cusps almost connate. These characters place it at once as in the anchitheriine line and, in the American fauna , closest either to Kalobatippus or to the earlier and more primitive species Hypohippus. is very difficult draw a good generic distinction either and European between genus these two groups, Anckitherium. . or between Romer advocated this including Kalobatippls in is done more primitive Anchitheriumn, IHypohippu and group, probably equiluts, pertinax, genotype) and H osborni should also nevadensis, and be placed there. mat thewi more affnis (the advanced distinctive. Resemblance of the present species is with "Kalobatipp us" agatensli on one other tion hand, From reduction "Hypohip pus first of M3 named 3. less equinus, species triangular and osbornif' t differs distinctive pertilnaz tooth on the propor- hypostyle, and other minor characters. The size is smaller than in any of the specie commonly external referred ribs, Hypohippws, somewhat and transverse presence and very fairly faint complete hypostyle-hypocone crest also distinctive. Morphologically species seems about intermediate between Lower Miocene "Kalobatippus" and Middle Miocene "Hypohippu could /nolltT imanll hVa llfnafll ;n aitlhor nA4 'lhoon fnnmlAlr rliffprahnltntPrl 'rrflnlfQ LJ VERTEBRATES FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TEN MEASUREMENTS Type, F S. G. 8. V-5074- ---'--I | M 2 | MI L W L W L W 21 23 21 124.5 17 21.5 (Lengths on ectoloph, widths maxima.) F. S. G. S. V-5243- P,-Ms : 120.5 mm. I IP P, I P. I M, I B, I M SL W L W L W LIL L 20 11.5 19.5 14 20.5 14.5 22 14.5 20.5j 13.5 23 11.5 (Widths are max , posterior lobe on P a -4 anterior on M-s.) Rhinocerotidae of. APHELOPS sa A rhinoceros of intermediate size and fairly high crown comparable an early "Aph.elops previously reported Midway and Quincy faunas. represented by a single fragment (V-5082) new collection from Midway, adding nothing our knowledge. Rhinoceroses are as yet unrepresented in From a stratum nearly or quite Thoma equivalent Farm fossil material. levels Midway and Quincy come the rhinoceros teeth described as Aphelops in the accompanying note by form a Cdlbert. that previously recognized by me as of. I is probably Aphelops sp. same on much less complete material, and it adds Middle Miocene aspect these faunas. ARTIODACTYLA Artiodactyls represented Midway Thoma Farm faunas 1 Cervidie. cheek de three least xcept ntitions are known families, Oreodontidre floridTanmt the specimens Camelida, , in which all isolated and complete and frag- mentary. The identification isolated selenodont artiodactyl molars, even as to families, is notoriously difficult and untrustworthy. The tentative identifications and comparisons should be received with the same reserve with which they made. Not prejudice probable discovery good specimens near future, a name auDlied only adeauatelv .... .... known species. although -V -.e Oxydactylus aind .. V MIOCENE VERTEBRATES FROM FLORIDA Camelidae OXYDACTYLU S FLORIDANUS , new species TYPE--F. S. (G. V-5247, part right maxi with P'-M3. PARIATYPE.-F. V-5238 right with HORIZON CALITY lower Jaw -Ml. AND - Haw- F.S. V-5247 thorn Formation, Miocene. Thomas right upper cheek teeth floridanus, new species. external crown Type, views. Farm Gilehrist One-half natural size. County, Florida. DIAGNOSIS.-About the ize of 0 bracivyodontus. diastema very long. P' very large, completely two-rooted, with strong continuous internal cingulum. PS with inner crese likewise complete, much expanded. also relatively large and completely two-rooted. internal and each with increasingly posterior (or posterointernal) prominent antero- folds. S I IYYI ~ III I -CTY 'r fi Y J~ Fig. 20.--Oxydactylus IW.\IZP~ V U 1 -V FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TEN The genus OxydactylUs is founded on and only certainly recogniz- able case a combination there doubtful only of tooth a few association and limb astragali, represent characters. phalanges, limbs. and other present fragments as they they resemble Oxydactylus, or the long-footed phylum they inadequate both as to completeness and as to association certain confirmation. The teeth, however, agree so well with this genus and differ so reference from most other Lower or Middle Miocene camels that is very probable. Aside from absolute measurement and proportions, agreement with any other known species, the present form is especially notable premolars, which combine absence any reduction in size or number (aside from P' , not very surely known but probably present and large) with unusually progressive molarization. Both and P have the inner crescent complete, although little expanded transversely and the outer wall strongly folded as on '. P= and also have laterally the structural and elements posterior fold, of P, unlike more does not form compressed an isolated enamel lake at any stage of wear. 9. gibbi and diastemata, smaller over campestris are much smaller species and also differ proportions, premolar form and likewise differ lulli i in premolar form, s somewhat proportion, and upper other characters. premolar structure longiro is over makes a third closest larger, approach with tionately smaller , simple brachyodontus is closest size and apparently general shorter proportion P'-P' diastema and much simpler relatively wider premolars, molars. longipes, the type, similar molar proportions, but is slightly larger (less than apparently and shorter within diastema range , simpler Probable premolars, variation) and with premolars horter relative to molars. floaridatus seems, in dental characters a distinct species falling within this generic group. The type preserved and a considerable in this, part alveolar but not at its anterior border end, is a anterior distinct Sltrnflhi C.n T JL_ .. i1.T --- -. I T * Lr r u *tn' F's f J YEIW S N*L r +hino r'li el+ iIfonnn proper I *P-rtTn lrI | l *LU r MIOCENE VERTEBRATES FROM FLORIDA .given as distinctive of group, this species, noted the accessory These are present pillars, on all variable the specimens available. and and hypocone may upper form vestigial molars strong basal (the pillar apex between pointing lower molars protocone externally) between protoconid and hypoconid, is more conical and is strong on M', progressively weaker on M=-3. The upper molar from the Griscom Plantation figured Sellards agrees fairly well with the species and could belong here. MEASUREMENTS Type, V-5247- p2.p Ps-P' ~ : 95 : 39 mm. l'niB. M'-MP : 60 mm. i Pi I I P' |M' (worn)) jI | M3 L W L W L W L W L W L W I13.5i 6.5 13 9 12 13 17 19 20.51 190 24 21 (Lengths oblique, on ectolophs. Widths maxiinI, basal.) Paratype, F. S. G. S. V-5238-- P,-M3 : ca. 100 mm.* P,-P : ca. 36 mm.* M,-M3, : 65 mm. | P,* | P, 1, M,(worn)| M, | M | LL W7I W4.5 W .1 W1 L W (c.l.5a. 5. 12.5 6 13. 7.5 14.I 11 20.5| 13.5 32 I 14.5 from another, referred , specimen. MIOLABIS Indet. number teeth V-4970) from Midway, represent camel isolated apparently specimens rather and common there identifiable but" even represented as to genus. only The size is somewhat less than that of Oxydactyluss floridanus, tile crowns are higher, internal Although specimen: upper cingulum worn from internal is limited teeth Thoma pillar is still strong, occasionally Farm stronger, basined, difficult a distinct genus upper almost antero- cusp-like. separate is clearly from indi- cated . Identification .. J impossible. p. t .t there is considerable resem- w w 38 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TEN comparative material, the characters of dm, are rather closely matched in Protolabis augustidens except the size, which accords better with Procaomelus occidentalis. F. S. G. S. V-5080, from the same locality, is an Ms or (probably) M1 from the same locality and perhaps of the same species. It is characterized by a high crown, flat inner basal surface, absence of external accessory pillar. These specimens are wholly unidentifiable at present, and are of interest only in indicating the presence of another species of camel, larger than 0. floridanus and probably not in the same phylum. Cervidse There are two cervids from Midway and a doubtful one from the Thomas Farm, none identifiable at all exactly. BLASTOMERYX cf. MARSHI Lull F. S. G. S. V-5011 is a right lower jaw with M2-3 and V-5135 a fragment with right M, both from Midway. D direct comparison with the type of B. marshi Fig. 22.-A, Blastomeryx, cf. marshi, No. V-5011, right M,-,, crown view. B, ?Dromomeryx cf. has not been made, americanus. No. V-5010, broken right M,, crown but, as far as it goes, view. Natural size. the material cannot be separated specifically from A. M. No. 14264, an Upper Harrison specimen referred by Matthew to B. marshi. ?DROMOMERYX cf. AMERICANUS Douglass Several last molars and upper molars from Midway cannot definitely be distinguished from Dromomeryx americanus. As Douglass has pointed out, the generic position of this species is in doubt. It has also been referred to Palceomeryx. Its age, Madison Valley, is not that suggested by most of the Florida specimens, but such isolated specimens are inadequate for elaborate comparisons or definite conclusions. CERVID INDET. A single tooth from the Thomas Farm somewhat resembles the Midway specimens just mentioned, but has stronger external folds, nearly equal internal lobes, and larger internal accessory pillar. It is perhaps a cervid, but of doubtful position. MIOCENE VERTEBRATES FROM FLORIDA Note on the Pleistocene Recent Survey from Pleistocene include many Santa collection specimens River, and Florida from each State Itchatucknee from Cypress Geological River, Sprin a few and Poe Springs. The Itchatucknee material now known particularly complete and interesting. Unfortunately no positive stratigraphic faunal value association. , being found For instance, n1 ooze that gives no guarantee of the present lot contains a jaw domestic pig, well fossilized and not readily distinguished in mode of preserva- tion from some of the remains of extinct animal Five species which also occur in Itchatucknee unmixed Pleistocene previously Given faunas of Florida are added ,8 making the full mammal possibly and probably of Pleistocene age as follow Didelphis virginiana, opossum. Ondatra zibethica, muskrat. *Neochoerus pinckneyi, giant capybara. Geomys floridanu ,pocket gopher "salamander ", (new record) canadensis Euarctos sp., *Arctodus sp., Procyon lotor *Canis (Thos) beaver bear. hort-faced raccoon. bear. cf. riviveronis *Canis (Aenocyon) Luttra canadensis. *Mylodon- *Eqwui harlani, comp Ulicatus, veroensi , coyote ayersi, dire wolf (new record) (new record). otter. ground sloth. horse. s, tapir. Odocoil osceola deer. pemn'sylva.nicus, peccary bison. * Tanopolama mirifica, *Mastodon americanus camel (new mastodon. record) *Parelephas floridanus, mammoth. The list is interesting from high percentage extinct form Castor *Mylohytps ?*Bison sp., "Tapirus cf. 40 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TEN Ondatra zibethica is represented by a good skull in the present collection, confirming the previous reference of jaws. Geomys flori- danus is represented by a lower jaw of unusually large size, but not beyond the limits of the recent species. Neochoerus was previously recorded, but this lot adds a complete frontal, typical except for its relatively small size, the individual being juvenile as shown by the fully open sutures. A dog of medium size is represented-by a jaw without teeth, another with MI1-, badly worn, an isolated carnassial, and an isolated canine. These remains are closely similar to Canis (Thos) latrans and appar- ently represent a coyote. They probably belong to Canis (Thos) riviveronis Hay, but include no parts directly comparable with the type. A large dire wolf is indicated by a jaw without teeth. The tapir is slightly smaller than the type of Tapirus veroensis and with upper molars somewhat more transverse than in T. veroensis sellardsi, but probably belongs in that species. A peccary, probably Mylohyus pennsylvanicus, was previously reported and is also present in the new collection, a palate and a lower jaw of two old individuals being found. A camel, apparently the same as that described by me as Tanupo- loma mirifica from the Seminole Field, is represented by an upper jaw with P'-M' which adds significantly to knowledge of the species." The tooth which I con- sidered P' because of its complete inner crescent proves to be P", and the real P' is less triangular and more transverse. This species is very pe- culiar among Pleistocene camelids in the relative- ly large size of P" and its strong and complete in- Fig. 23.--?Tanpolama mirifica Simpson. ner crescent. It may Left P'-M', crown view. Two-thirds natural well belong in a line of size. descent distinct from either Camelops or Tanupolama (and still farther from Eschatius), but the materials are still inadequate for full and certain recognition of its position. In other features the dentition seems more like that of Tanupolama and I leave it there with a query and with the sug- gestion that it is probably distinct. 9 See Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., LVI, p. 593-596. MIOCENE VERTEBRATES FROM FLORIDA The specimens from the Santa F6 River include a tapir, apparently the same as that from Itchatucknee River, Castoroide giant beaver, (reported on the evidence of an incisor indistinguishable from ohioensis) Equus complicatus, an undetermined camel, domestic cow, domestic pig, and some undetermined bones. Cypress Springs near Vernon , Washington County was found part of an incisor of Castoroides cf. ohioensis, and at Poe Springs on the Santa F6 River, Alachua County, a terminal phalanx probably a bison but possibly of a cow. I I * F I ^ . * f * * 1 t ' 1 * . * * t ' * t * 4 1 I * * NEW HETEROMYID RODENTS FROM THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA ALBERT EILMEl Wool) LONG ISLAND UNIVERSITY, BROOKLYN, MIOCENE VERTETItIATES FLORIDA NEW HETEROMYID RODENTS FROM THE MIOCENE OF FLORIDA ALI1EllT ELMER WOOD INTRODI)UCTION A small collection of bones and1 tee th fron I Hawthorn Beds Lower Middle Miocene age, fleal' Midway , Florida, wasV recently turned over to me for stu y by the Florida Geological survey through the kindness inmpson This collection contains Iletero- myid cheek teeth of two si Associated with thlnem are incisors land fragments of limb bones, which are also separable into two size groups. no other collection rodent . as the cheek teetl incisors and1 than limb those bones IIeteromyids about right rizes to fit the two kinds of teeth and a their character is essentially IHeteromyid, wish urvey am also their association express and Simp indebted with which this paper i with appreciation the cheek teeth seem both perm issiol * Florence illustrated iDowden Florid tudy Wood This study wa aide permissible. i Geological material. ! drawings by a grant from Marsl Fund Nat ional Academy Sciences. ])ESCllI PTi ONS SPECIES ROI)DENTIA Ileteromyid(a PRlOIIETE1ROMYS , new genus. TYPE SPECIES.-P floridanus, n. Sp., described below. I)IAGNOSI s.-Cheek teeth bilophodont, when unlworn, showing sextitubercular pattern, in about same stage evolution in Mookomus. Differs from Mookomnys in having no sulcu FROM I__ _ FLORIIDA G LOGICAL SU RVEY-BU IaTETIN TEN Fig. 24.-Prohcteromys floridantus, V-5329, Ruccal Holotype, P,-M, side tooth toward Fig. 25.-Prohcteromys flortdanus, right, toward x 10. V-5330, Buccal Paratype, side1 tooth L OCALITY. -The Fullers Earth Mine , Midway, Flo HIawthorn Miocene; collected )IAGoNosIS.-Teeth ir Clarence Simpson. i'ather stage, corresponding development Mookomys primitive. parvus. Antero-posterior valleys between cusps nearly as deep as the median valleys. Small size. Metalophid C rves posteriorly both ends, surrounding central consider worn 'ably smaller than the other teeth. , the cusp pattern cannot be determined. As it is considerably The metalophid almost collies central into contact basin. with IS even more worn andi both may ends , surrounding described as an instance of reversed topography, with anticlinal valleys and synclinal mountains. and The a left other Their Mookomys parvus. a radius two cusps referred molars quite The upper incisors curvature a radius 111m collection which and may probably as distinct referred lowers also belong as are a right those this species have mm.i this There This being species almost Colorado is rather as small (Wood a small Heliscomy , 1931) The (see vetus fact table measurements), Middle that: upper Oligocene incisors asulcate is a generic distinction from Mookomys, and suggests that this genus may be on or near the ancestral line of the recent eteronmys and LAomys, have asulcat'e which are incisors. the only living members of This possibility i family which strengthened by the clharac- of P1, in which the central basin is essentially similar that hypolophid MIOCIE NIE VEIT T'lHtRAT'IS FROM FLORI I)A LOOA ITY.-The 'ullers Earth Co. Mine Ilor Haw thorn Miocene collected Clarence Simpson. i)IAONORIS. -_p4 two row with a posterior cusps, row median bein an anterior "ghily posterior lateral one. 111n size Much more lophodont than , alparent'ly larger ithn any . floridan u other II eteromy ry lar' Great elongated roots. built on a plan muite distinctt fI'ron P'cro a I Ih;ts Dipodomsey and1 approaches quite closely to that lheer'omUs. The anterior lcusps seen protocone and analogy two mneta llelis larger cone a iltetaloph crest C(',olhiyS cU1l)S ind would tl present /reforyi (Wood, metaloph )oonlle. hen connect The the ting n pr1' seem median entostyle. these cusp li s1), Tlihe rci)pient so t further wear would unite lrotocone with roi'ostyle, is already co000. this witl connected Between the witl entostyle, I IlypoconeC is an embl)ayllent, whici hypocone and deepened, in turn andl mneta- entostyle might l Cteromll/ mtnflnul , F. 8. O. olotYlpe, x 10. tooth 8. V-5332 IIncInl left, side town rd form wornl lake teeth similar lleteromys. OU1i( Another partially V-533) ) tentatively referred( sameI SI)ecies, is ulore advanced closer apparently neit relationship) eir ot ties lprotostyle teeth could and11(1 ento iavc belonged to a form a Ap)- nIces trial t'o Liomys, Heteromys, as there where 18 no paracone on0 Liomys seems to bear a* PIrohetero4ys ma(gnus or in reduced( IS essenI bilophodont, t the siX cusps are1 listingui able as such. The cingulum cusp however rather mall. 'l'here are distinct traces of a posterior cingunlum, which seems to be growing toward the middle of the 'oot1 and and 1111(1 1111(1 pleted a elevated lingual sides entoconit1. cross the martin this rtar from botl from cingulumn tooth somewhat andk lake the buccal the hylpostyl were com- Iwere would Midway three cusps, anid( lprot'ostyle, Pro. paraeone. FIORI I)A GEOLOGICAL SURVEY--BULLETIN TEN tooth would attain the pattern shown by slightly worn Heteromys teeth, where an embayment from the outside reaches about a third of the way across the tooth. incipient character is of considerable interest, apparently indicates tendency toward condition found Ileterom'ys. The entire lack trace these embayment and posterior cingula in Liom.ys), together with character P. of P. floridanu closer relationship which has only two between that species lophs, seems to and1 Liomus. point which to a two lophs on between whether ,. than these two difference Heleromys, genera between which extends two three. back species Whether the split Miocene, Proheterom/ys merely a divergence anticipating and paralleling a later split between Liomys and IIHeteromys, cannot be determined without more material although former alternative seems intrinsically somewhat more likely is considerably smaller than other teeth, as is the case in the recent members of the family The pattern the M., however, is essentially the same as in with small cingulum cusp The protoloph Pro- Ictcerom/S l(lmagnuQfts, F. S. G. V-5334, Paratylpe, M1 right, X 10. Bueenl side toward tooth is considerably Associated f species higher than fragments include astragali humeri. are those of a These the metaloph. probably calcanea referable and( somewhat recent Heteromys, as large as those of P. ,magnllA; I~ with t )ut are distal smaller ends than nearly to that ex- tent, probably more primitive, as the limbs (especially the hind limb) Helerom'ys seem have become secondarily elongated. The cisors are quite large, the radius of curvature of the upper ones being 11 mm ., and that of the lowers, 8mm. Another IIeteromyid tooth fig. 29, included in the collection, represent V-5336, a third species, upper intermediate fourth size. premolar The The specimen cusps con- nected 1 around 1 continuous crown. - - The 1 1 rns a A 1 crest metacon( * r11 running entirely is considerably 1 I.1 - - Fig. nini 'v i 20.--Ieter- Irt - Of Run recent teeth I MIOCENE V ERTEBRATES FROMl FLOR I I)A assigned PeridionUys rusticus Matthew fromI Sllt Wood either (1931 phylogenetic chart) a separate line more is incorrect andi probably that is related represent Dip rion o' lh)j s, as suggested much than more like those Hall those Dip (1930) The Hletcro 10onon1y1 cheek mlys teeth their Prohlct ron fundamenl al aplpa rently pattern I'c)Ireselnt separate phylumn, differentiated from ol'lie Iletieromyi( least line as early a recently the Lower Miocene, as' described is shown 111(m111 Thei mhi/s this group are characterized asulcate having c lllcisors Helero, cek teetl type, Pceroy ciiiiaio alh Ius type and ancestral either, or Lower as all three groups seem to have been estab Miocene. . Tlhe ocecile 1l teromyid ishlc(I as f' Middle as they known do not fore shadow any one of the three in S lore ' than the other two , but nmay well be ancestral three. The Occurrence these rodent ( surprising. These are t River. e first HIceromyid Furthermore, reeoi these specimen 'ded from east1 , being from Florida, sIssI 1mus have lived in quite a different environm From tliat present IHeteromyid western IIeteromyid had an Legions, inhabit, essentially hitherto ,-those a region imila known North from i America inhabit United ellviron llent. number Central similar that and The genus family, South which Ame Stal es arid nusll lie.terom lives plains. , have alone, forested 'Ica Plrohetero'mys musll once have flourished. fact serve strengthen their their relationship, as suggest imorphl( )logical sprobalility similarities teeth. tage Miocene As the two species >f evolution than referred Mookomys in that Hawthorn fauna genus pa'rv.s, altiflu.winis seems botl perhaps from early lmore' nearly from Middle Middle in the Lower Miocene. Miocene age, seems additional caseC more primitive forms urviving to a later date in an isolated out hern 1)llnnins kLI t Iban 111 a Diprionomny J Li DIi.riono Florida western ---anld The FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TEN TABLE OF MEASUREMENTS, In Millimeters Proheteromtys . magnusl Heteromyid Heteromyn floridannus Fla. G. S. Nos. V-5329, V-5330 Flin. G. S. Nos. V-5332, V-5333, indet. Fin. G. S. V-5336 (lesmarestianus From Golldman, V-5331 Miocene V-5334 Miocene Miocene 100007 Recent of Guatemala. width length I width 1.25 1.35 metalophid . .... 1.22 .75 ... width hypolophid length . 1.29 1.03 width * .... * ... metalophid .. 1.65 ... 1.45 width hypolophid length .. 1.71 1.52 1.54 * ... . * * width protoloph ... 0 1.08 width metaloph length width .... 1.91 ... 51.60 1.40 1.40 1.44 1.33 protoloph 1.12 ... .1.55 width metaloph length * S . . . . . ..* * 1.08 1.55 1.18 width protoloph 1.08 .. . S... 1.45 width metaloph length . . . S S. .* S . S 1.02 * . . * f 1.45 1.19 mrT3 ,,AA- MIOCENE VERTEBRATES FROM FLORII)DA REFERENCES CITED Gazin Oregon. 1932. Camn. Goldman A Miocene Mammalian Fauna from Southeastern Inst. 1911. Wash. Publ. Revision 418, Spiny 71-75, 1 , fig. Mice. Dept. Agr., Biol. Surv North Amer. Fauna No. Hall, E. 1930. of Fish Lake Rodent Valley, Nevada and Lagomorphs from the Later Univ. Cal. Publ., Bull. Tertiary Dept. Geol. vol. no. 12, 297. Simpson, Miocene Land Mammal from (This bulletin. Wood 1931 Phylogeny the HIcteromyid Rodents. Amer Mus. Novitate , pp. 1-19. Wood press. A New Ileteromyid Rodent fromn Oligo- scene of Montana. Journal of Mammalogy. Florida. II I APHELOPS FROM THE HAWTHORN FORMATION OF FLORIDA By EDWIN II. COLBER'r THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, NEW YORK, N. iI 1 MIOCENE VEIRTEIBRATES FROM FLORIDA APHELOPS FROM THE HAWTHORN FORMATION OF FI EDWIN LORIDA COLBEIRT Shortly mammals Museum after publication of Florida.'o Dr Natural paper George Gaylord Simpson, History, received so80me fossil Tertiary of the Amer candy iean fragments considerable Geological Assistant significance. Survey, having Geologist, They been from were sent recovered excavation him .G. e Florida . Ponton. pump Tallahassee water works. The fossils, consisting several broken rhinoceros molars (Fla. Surv . V-4430 and the phalanx of a camel (Fla. Surv SV-4431) were turned over writer study Simpson was time making preparations a collecting trip,'), and was thus unable to examine the material at is leisure. The various authors that have written genera later Tertiary rhinoceroses have given meager details which lower teeth might distinguished their descriptions have been concerned primarily with the skulls and the determination of these isolated lower molars Therefore is a problem of some difficulty. The molars are small far smaller than typical Teleoccra Aphelops. from The relative belonging brachyodonty and would this character exclude together these with teeth their general shape and configuration would seCem place them genus Aphelops. these teeth , tile ones identified premolars are unreduced in size as compared to the molars, this being character- istic of Aphelops. as belonging Of course , the teeth in question mig to the genus Peracera but since hit be classified lower jaws of genus certainly known such identification would extremely doubtful. The teeth certainly represent Dicera- tlteriznm, or Trigonias. The teeth have been identified as right premolar 3 and molars compare 2 and quite and well with premolar Aphelops size and braclhyodus, proportions small, they primitive coceras upper dentitions. 56 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TEN Fig. 30.-Aphelops sp. (F. S. G. S. V-4430A) and Oxydactylus sp. (F. S. G. S. V-4431) from the Hawthorn formation at Tallahassee. About three fifths natural size. Left-Aphelops, LP,; Oxydactylus, L. Prox. Ph. IV. Right-Aphelops, RP3, RP,, RM,, RM,. as possibly being definitive of Aphelops longipes. These molars are, however, far too small to be properly classed with this species, and since they are well worn they must represent a fully adult animal. The best recourse is to say that the molars here being considered were those of a small and rather primitive species of Aphelops, living in the Miocene of Florida. MIOCENE VERTEBRATES The fossils are so badly broken as to FROM FLORIDA make specific determinations insecure. phalanx ] distinctly The associated on the a Miocene camel bone manus may identified xydactylus as proximal xydacctyltw form. SIGNIFICANCE THE FRAGMENTS With regard fossil mollusks found immediately above the bones, the Florida Geological Survey have by letter supplied following identifications Pecten cf. . chipolanus Pecten acanikos Ostrea Carol/ia rugifera (Wakullina) floridana and state that these species are considered diagnostic of the Hawthorn formation and in particular "Sopchoppy ' limestone which Miss Gardner" regarded as a very shallow water phase of the Chipola formation. The relations of the deposits at Tallah assee may represented following HAWTHORN fashion: FORMATION. 0 to 50( 50 to 55 feet-Soft red and1( feet--Soft yellow sand, clay and marl. light greenish gray fullers earth-like clay, somewhat culceareous contains a few mollusks identifications above). to 60 feet-Soft , light grpenish-gray sand rock of bone and teeth described contains the fragments in this paper. 60 to 72 feet-Hard white .limestone. Typical "Sopchoppy" limestone. TAMPA LI M STONE. 72 to 100 feet-Hard white limestone. After Gerald M. The Miocene stratigraphy C(hoctawha tchee Ponton of Florida is as follows formation FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN TEN Thus Aphelops is established in tion with Oxydactylus. Previously Miocene of Florida Aphelops well a , in associa- Teleoceras ) had been limited this region Pliocene, and such fragments Rhinoceratidie as had been found Miocene had been identified Aphelops. The as Ccenopus presence of Diceratherimm, Aphelops in or doubtfully the Miocene of Florida referred Increases correlative data between beds period southeastern and in the western portions North America. COMPARATIVE MEASUREMENTS OF TEETH SPECIMEN TOOTH ANTERIOR- TRANSVERSE POSTERIOR 'DIA. Fla. Surv V-4430A Aphelops R P. R P, RM2 RM3 LP4 10874 Aphelops brachyodus L P2 R P RP4 RMi RM2 mm. 36.5 mnm. 27.5 nmm. 26.5 mm. 23.5 23.5 (No number) Aphelops longipes RP4 RM1 RM2 RM3 L M2 LM3 mm. 35.5 mm. 53.5 |
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