The Foraminifera of the Choctawhatchee formation of Florida

FLORIDA STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

HERMNAN GUNTE, State Geologist

BULLETIN No. 4

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THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE CHOCTAWHATCHEE

FORMATION OF FLORIDA

BY

JOSEPH A. CUSHMAN

SHARON, MASS.

TALLAHASSEE, FLORIDA

1930

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LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

To His Excellency, Hon. Doyle E. Carton,
Governor of Florida.
Sit:
I have the honor to submit herewith for publication as Bulletin
No. 4, of the Florida State Geological Survey, a report entitled "The
Foraminifera of the Choetawhatchee Formation of Florida" by Dr.
Joseph A. Cushman, of Sharon, Mass. The importance of these
microscopic fossils is becoming more appreciated, especially by oil
geologists, and it is the intention of the Survey to issue from time
to time reports similar to this dealing with the other formation s of
the State.
Reapectfully,
HERMAN GrNTER,
State Geologist.
Tallahassee, Florida,
January 1, 1930.

..Ie

[3]

THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE CHOCTAWHATCHEE

FORMATION OF FLORIDA

JOSEPH A. CUSHMAN

Tlie Choctawhatchee formation has numerous foraminifera, and in
some parts a rich fauna. For general information in regard to the
formation as it occurs in Florida, one should consult the report by
Cooke and Mossom (Florida Geological Survey, 20th Annual Report,
pp. 138-149). Dr, W. C. Mansfield who collected much of the material
used in the present report, recognizes three fannal zones in the Choe-
tnwhatchee. Of these, the lowest, known from the vicinity of Red Bay,
Walton County, carries a very characteristic foraminiferal fauna. The
middle and upper zones are characterized by numerous species of
fornminifera not found in the lowest zone, but there are very few
species that can be used to separate the two, and these are very rare
species, so that it is to be suspected that their occurrence in one or the
other zone is due to lack of material rather than a real distinction in
the fauna. The relative abundance of certain species which are re-
corded from all three zones is very striking in one or the other of the
zones, and may be used for distinctions not indicated in our table of
occurrence,
The two lower zones are characterized by cold or cool water species
as is the case with the Mollusca, although the basal zone which carries
but few species of Mollusca is one of the richest in foraminifera. The
upper zone carries a somewhat warmer water fauna characterized
particularly by the development in large numbers at some stations of
Amnphistegina lessonii d'Orbigny, a species of warm shallow waters.
These are front Leon and Washington Counties.
One point in regard to the material from Bay County should be
noted. There are two lots used in the present paper. That front the
R. L. Gainer farm on Econfina River, about one mile below Econfina
bridge is reported by Mansfield as belonging to the upper zone. The
foraminifera of which only twelve species were noted seem to agree
with this determination. The other locality in Bay County is from

51]

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN FOUR.

Bryant Scott's farm, one.quarter mile above mouth of branch enter.
ing Econfina Creek, near bridge at Econfina. This yielded a richer
foraminiferal fauna of eighteen species and varieties, of which but
two are common to the two localities, and these both occur in all
three zones. The fauna of the second locality is much more closely
related to the lowest zone of Walton County than to either of the
others.
LOWEST ZONE
This zone exposed in Walton County east of Red Bay and, as noted
above, possibly in Bay County, has numerous species and varieties of
foraminifera peculiar to it. The following species are not known from
the middle and upper zones:
Proteonina difflugiformis (H. B. Dentalina, various species
Brady) Elphidium sagrum (d'Orbigny)
Robulus americanus (Cushman) BIlimina gracilis Cushman, n. ep.
R. americanus, var. spinosus Nonion pizarrensis Berry
(Cushman) Loxostomum gunteri Cushman, n. sp.
II. catenulatus (Cushman) Siphogenerina lamellata Cumshan
Saracenaria acutauricularis
(d'Orbigny)
The following additional species are rarely found in the other
zones:
Bolivina marginata Cushman Bolivina floridana Cushmani
Altogether there are more than sixty species and varieties of fo-
raminifera recorded from the lowest bed, all of which are character-
istic of cool waters and waters of some considerable depth.

MIDDLE AND UPPER ZONES
As already noted, there are very few species of foraminifera to dis-
tinguish these two zones except Amphistegina lessonii d'Orbigny
which seems to occur only in the upper zone. There are however a
number of species which will distinguish the middle and. upper zones
from the lowest one. Some of the most characteristic of these are
given here:
Textularia agglutinans d'Orbigny Bolivina plicatella Cusliman, n. sp.
*T. mayor Cushman *B. pulchella (d'Orbigny), ver.
Quinqueloculina, various species primiliva Cushman, n. var.
Pseudopolymorphina rutila *Diseorbhi mira Cushman
(Cushman) D. vilardeboana (d'Orbigny)
*Nonion grateloupi (d'Orbisny) D. consobrina (d'Orbigny)
Virgulina fusiformis Cushman, n. op. *D. valvulata (d'Orbigny)
Some of these species indicated by an asterisk are found in fairly
warm waters off the coast of Florida today. All these are most com-
mon in the upper zone.

FORAMINIFERA CHOCTAWHATCHEE FORMATION OF FLORIDA. 7

RELATIONSHIPS OF THE FAUNA
The relationships of the fauna are interesting. There are numerous
species not known elsewhere or at least only in the Miocene of ad-
joining regions of the Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States, al-
though they have closely allied species elsewhere. Some of these
such as Pseudarcella arenata and Virgulina gulteri have their near-
eat relatives in the Miocene or Uppermost Oligocene of Europe.
There are other species which seem identical with species found in
the Miocene of the Gatun formation of the Panama Canal Zone, the
Miocene of Cuba, and of Santo Domingo. Other species are identical
or closely allied to species of the Miocene or Pliocene of the Cali-
fornia region.
Of the species which are still living, those of the upper bed par-
ticularly, are represented in the waters of the present coast of Florida
or the West Indies. There are other species which are known at the
present time only from the Western coast of South America or ex-
tending up the Southern coast of North America. These species ap-
parently died out in the Miocene in the Western Atlantic, and have
persisted only in the Pacific or else migrated to the Pacific at that
time.
A table is given showing the distribution by stations, numbered to
correspond with the list which follows (pp. 13-14). Nearly all the
species and varieties are figured to make the work of the most possible
use to those working with the fauna. My thanks are due to Miss
Margaret S. Moore for her care in the drawing of the specimens for
the plates, and to Miss Alice E. Cuslhman for painstaking work with
the manuscript.
References are given to other works where complete references to
the literature of the species may be found and only references to such
works as may be needful are given here. The Choctawhatchee fauna
was described in an earlier report (Cushman, Bull. 676, U. S. Geol.
Survey, 1918), but the known fauna has been greatly enlarged by
the study of this later material, and the newer classification is here
used. References to the earlier work are given so that material named
from the previous paper may be brought up to date.
My thanks are due to Mr. Herman Gunter, State Geologist of
Florida, for his aid and co-operation in the preparation of this work,
and to Dr. W. C. Mansfield of the U. S. National Museum for supply-
ing most of the material on which the present paper is based. The
holotypes are to be deposited in the collection of the U. S. National
Museum, and paratypes of new species and duplicates of other species
in the collections of the Cushman Laboratory at Sharon, Massachu-
setts and the Florida State Geological Survey at Tallahassee, Florida.

DISTRIBUTION OF THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE CHOCTAWHATCHEE FORMATION
16 Ii | ii

SPECIES OF FORAMINIFERA

ProeoeDniu diflagiformis ...............................
UmDiha compare a .........................6.................
TPe dree a asre atan .... ........ ........................
Tata.laria aglti na ........ .............s..........

Textuluia vmmori e-..-i .44.4.n.
TZ!KUi1ZB a.,. ..*i*.4-..--64 m-*6444.4............
Beneiu nodosaria, var. txtlarioidea ..........

Quiiqtloniumi fea inust ...-..........n....-.....
Qamaiaiqocaia amark.iana ................-...-- ....-
Quiaqueolcuia coutorta I ..............9.....
Qhinqiocaolizna msbpya ..................

Spirolocatina plaitlata q..I......4. .44.6444 --9....6-64
Siaoilina tenns i ., .................-................
Sigmeilio a sp (?) .-.. . ......... ........................
Cowuspir irwolvLen .. .M...M...........-----.-...-
Robulas americamnus .........- ....-............- .,-
Robluas amerianu, var. Bpinoes .....4........1-..
Rob iotas .t..... --..-..-........... -.........-
Robalms catenalataw s .................--...
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DISTRIBUTION OF THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE CHOCTAWHATCHEE FORMATION-Continued p

SPECIES OF FORAMINIFERA Couny ouLiberty Walton

-Ni Fi ... .. .+

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Noo iUrI9S3 IS682 95496.0 6....9649........ 96596667 670 ......95 58 961 962 6........1 63 947 95042 706 9 .5
Noni n gratel.api .. .. .................... ........... ..... .. +. .../ + "+ + -i.. - .... ...
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Elphidiu poeyanum ..... ................ .......... ......+... .... ... .. ... .. .... .+ .. + -* -. .. .- .. .
plpudim ie tum ...... ........... ........... 6.. .. .. ..... ..... .. ....' + + -. I ... + +,. -.. .... +
l .id hun aaentm + ......+I-+++..... ............... ......*. ..... 66 *--* -*--9 .. 4 + --.w
lphidium ap am ... ...... . ................. ....... ..... .-.... .. I .. - .- .-s -.. . . ...... ...
Pa onim ap +? 7 ................... ..........*...*.i.*.*4 .. ... --.I .-....... .. I .. 41.....I .. "..-. -- ......-. -" "
...efr.ndica a fo ..da. ................ .............. .... I + / ... .....E + + h+f
BuM imie a eeantiu, a . ... ...... ......................... + + 4- + + ... + ..~ .. 4- 4 4.
Bpinim n au naa .......................................... .- ... .-.- .......- -- .... -- .. + i-
BDuaim ain nacUd l ... ......... ...... *...... ........ - ...... - .-..... ...+ ..
B imina i flat .............. ....... ...... ... ....... ... I . ..... .. .I .. .. .... +- I -.4 .. +4-- -- ..
VYigd im.Zi .t............. ............... + +.... 4+'.-n.. 0 4- ^. .-- .n.- ... . 4 46 4 0 5. -+ + +

Bilinm a murgi lata ..-........ .......h.. .......- 5-4- - +-t .-". ---+--*--- - + --- --
Bolivine marginata, var. maniticostaga ..t....... ..+ -- --.. -- .--- .-- -...... + + +
oiv.ina fl*ia* ..-- ......-..-.-.---- 4-- + -|- -- .-9.4 .. -- .--|-4. *--.- -4-44 j. .--- + 4- 4 ..*-,
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Bol'via palcbell, vat. primitive ................

Izoetonimm i gmtcri Sm *,.c....****+*"*-"m.e

Chrys ldinall paleella ........-........--

UTigerina cf. pygmaea .................--- **.....
Uvigseria asberinaa .II ...4...r... .,-..-...

SiphogeDerina am..el.ta .....................

EAngiogerina occidentais ....... ........-- ---.....-

Sprillina orbieniars ........-....9.--.-.--.
Discorbis rosacea ........ ...... e -g...--4-- 4.

Diseorbis mB r ..a aa ..................-....---...--.-

Discorbis vilardeboaa .... ...................---.--. .

Discrbis consobriD .............. ....-4.... ..-

Discorbis valvI ata ................ ...... ... .... ..

Valjnlineria OoridanSa ...............---4.....

E~p~hies laelJss ........ .................--.
Epoides inAeldi .........

Epomidem Imeeafim .

Rotalia beccari, var. parkinaoniana ... .......-

Cancri Sagna .......... ......... 54944.4-....-.- *

Anpht -teiia ltcmonii .....m-.......-... -

PJ Lvinulerra pontoni &........... ......4-... ...*4*

Casodelia laevigata, var. earionta .....|..-----.

Caseidalnodes bradyi .. ......i....- .........

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DISTRIBUTION OF THE FORAMINIFERA OF THE CHOCTAWHATCHEE FORMATON--Continued

Leon Liberty Walton
SPECIES OF FORAMINIFERA 0 County County County
W U Wa 0

95316821 94 960 194619641965 96619671 670 956 958 1961 962 1671 673 9471948 !950 422 706195
Planulina depress ...............+.....--- P..-.--- +.. + - 4j+....* *"-1. + ... -.- -
Cibiueiu floridana ....... ......+ ... +. ... .. . .... ....+.. .. ..m a + ........... ....+ I +.9. .. 144 4. 4 p. P4.. .. +... 1- :. ... ..
Cibicides amenrcana ................. ....... f ... .- ......, ,..... ..-. + +- ... ....... .6 *...... . .. ......
Cibicides concentrica ........,.............-- -- + + + + ................... + + ..... I ...... .
Dyocibicides biseriali .............................................. ...... + + + ...... .... +1 +
Acervfina inishaerens 4....... *................ ..... ....... ......... .4. P- -+. . -9 6- 4.41 .. " -" "

FORAMINIFERA CHOCTAWHATCHEE FORMATION OF FLORIDA. 13

FORAMINIFERAL MATERIAL FROM THE CHOCTAWHATCHEE
FORMATION OF FLORIDA

BAY COUNTY
1/953. On R. L. Gainer farm on Econfina River, about 1 mile below Econfina
Bridge, see. 4, T. 1 S., R. 13 W., Bay County, Fla. W. C. Mansfield, collector,
Oct. 30, 1925.
1/682. Bryant Scott's farm, 14 mile above mouth of branch entering Econfina
Creek, near bridge at Econfina, Bay County, FJa. Julia A. Gardner, collector,
Nov. 14, 1923.
CALHOUN COUNTY
1/954. Four-mile Creek, half a mile NW. of Clarkwville, from lowest bed
exposed in the Creek, Calhoun County, Fla. W. C. Mansfield, collector, Nov.
2, 1925.
1/960. Darlings Slide, about 2% mile, airline, SE. from Clarksville, Calhoun
County, Fin. W. C. Mansfield, collector, Nov. 2, 1925.
LEON COUNTY
1/946. SW. I seec, 9, T. 1 S., R. 3 W., on Harveys Creek about 11 miles SE.
of road front Tallahassee to Bloxham, Leon County, Fla. W. C. Mansfield, collector,
Nov. 14, 1925.
1/964. Sec. 8, T. 1 S., R. 3 W., highest bed exposed in a small stream entering
Harveye Creek at an abandoned mill, Leon County, Fla. W. C. Mansfield, collector,
Nov. 16, 1925.
1/965. Sec. 8, T. 1 S, R. 3 W., Ilarveys Creek at abandoned mill, about half
a mile above road leading to Bloxham, lowest bed of the Choctawhatchee, over-
lying Alum Bluff formation, Leon County, Fla. W. C. Mansfield, collector, Oct.
17 and Nov. 15, 1925.
1/966. Double Branch, about 6 miles E. of Jackson? Bridge, sec, 8, T. 1 S.,
R. 3 W, just above the bridge on road to bridge, Leon County, Fin. W. C, Mans-
field, collector, Oct. 17, 1925,
1/967. L6wer upper Miocene bed at Jackson Bluff, left bank Ocklocknee
River, just above the bridge, Leon County, Fla, W. C. Mansfield, collector, Oct.
16, 1925.
LIBERTY COUNTY
1/670. Alum Bluff, upper bed, Liberty County, Fla. Julia A. Gardner, col-
lector, Dec. 23, 1923.
1/956. Apalachicola River, Alum Bluff, from the Ecphora bed of Dall, or
lower Choclawhatchee (marl) bed, Liberty County, Fla. W. C. Mansfield and
E. C. Bracewell, collectors, Nov. 5, 1925.
1/958. Old Coes Mill, an abandoned mill about 1A miles NW. of Hoaford,
Liberty County, Fla. W. C. Mansfield and E. C. Bracewell, collectors, Nov. 6, 1925.
1/961. On Mr. S. D. Johnson's place near Woods, sec. 26, T. 1 S., R, 8 W,
Liberty County, Fla. W. C. Mansfield and E. C. Bracewell, collectors, Nov. 7, 1925.
1/962. Cut in road leading to Watson's Landing, Liberty County, Fla. Choc-
tawhatchee marl. W. C. Mansfield and E. C. Bracewell, collectors, Nov. 10, 1925.

FLORIDA ECOLOGICAL SURVEY--BULLETIN FOUR.

WALTON COUNTY
1/671. Red Bay, Jim Kennedy Wranch, Walton County, Fla. Julia A. Gardner,
collector, Oct. 26, 1923.
1/673. E. Gomillion's place, Red Bay, Walton County, Fla. Julia A. Gardner,
collector, Oct. 26, 1923.
1/947. Jim Kennedy Branch, about I mile east of Red Bay, from the lowest
foassliferoue bed, Walton County, Fla. W. C. Mansield, collector, Oct. 24, 1925.
1/948. John Anderson farm, % miles east of Red Bay, Walton County, Fla.
W. C. Mansfield, collector, Oct. 20, 1925.
1/950. From E, Gomillion's,place about % mile east of Red Bay and about
1/S mile from the Gomillion residence, Walton County, Fla. W. C. Manefield,
collector, Oct. 20, 1925.
WASHImNTON COUNTY
1/422. Hamlin Pond, near range line between T. 1 N, R. 13 and 14 W, about
10 miles south of Wauman, Washington County, Fla. C. W. Cooke and Julia A.
Gardner, collectors, June 25, 1921.
1/706. Sink at Gully Pond, probably in see. 14, T. 1 N., R. 14 W., about 10
miles south of Wausau, Washington County, Fla. C. W. Cooke and Julia A. Gard-
ner, collectors, June 25, 1921.
1/955. Gully Sink, T. 2 N., R. 14 (?) W., Washington County, Fla. W. C.
Mansfield, collector, Oct. 29, 1925.
The numbers given are those of lhe U. S. Geological Survey.

FORAMINIFERA CHOCTAWHATCHEE FORMATION OF FLORIDA.' 15

DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES

Family SACCAMMINIDAE
Subfamily Saccammininae
Genus PROTEONINA Wiliatnson, 1858
PROTEONINA DIFFLUGIFORMIS (H. B. Brady) (7)
Plate 1, figures I a, b
Test free, consisting of a single, elongate oval or pyriform chamber
with a more or less distinct, tubular neck, usually tapering gradually
from the body of the chamber, which is undivided; wall fairly thick,
of sand grains of variable size, firmly cemented or in small specimens
with an excess of cement and fairly smooth; aperture circular, simple,
terminal.
Length of figured specimen 0.25 mm.; breadth 0.15 mm.; thick-
ness 0.10 mm.
This species seems to be rare in the material examined although
it is easily overlooked on account of its small size and indistinct ap-
pearance in the general material. The specimen is compressed, but
as the apertural end is broken the compression may be secondary.
The only specimens are from E. Gomillion's place, Red Bay, Wal-
ton County, and from Jim Kennedy Branch, also near Red Bay.
Genus URNULINA Gruber, 1884
URNULINA COMPRESBA Cmhman, n. ap.
Plate 1, figures 2 a, b
Test free, small, compressed, slightly longer than broad, greatest
width at about the middle, basal end somewhat angular, apertural
end broadly rounded; wall of a single layer of sand grains firmly
cemented; aperture large, rounded, slightly at one side of the axis
of the test.
Length 0.25 mm.; breadth 0.20 mm.; thickness 0.12 mm.
Holotype-(Cat. No. 371068, U.S.N.M.). From Choetawhatchee
marl, on Harveys Creek about 12 miles S. E. of road from Tallahassee
to Bloxham, Leon County, Florida, collected by W. C. Mansfield.
This seems to be the first record of this genus as a fossil. The very
large aperture, compressed test and acute basal end in side view
should distinguish this species. It is rare in the collection, but is
easily overlooked on account of its small size and its color. The only
other species of the genus is recorded from the coast of Europe.
Genus PSEUDARCELLA Spandel, 1909
PSEUDARCELLA ARENATA Cushman, n. op.
Plate 1, figures 3 a, b
Test free, about twice as broad as high, plano-convex in side view,
dorsal aide strongly convex, ventral side flattened and slightly con.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN FOUR.-

cave in the middle, circular in outline; wall very thin, composed of
distinct sand grains firmly cemented, somewhat chitinous; aperture
circular with a simple flattened tooth.
Diameter 0.25-0.30 mm.; height 0.15-0.18 mm.
Holoype--(Cat. No. 371069, U.S.N.M.). From Choctawhatchee
marl, of E. Gomillion's place, Red Bay, Walion County, collected by
Julia A. Gardner.
Besides the type locality, the species was found in material from
Jim Kennedy Branch, Red Bay, Walton County; Double Branch,
about 6 miles east of Jackson Bridge, Leon County, and on R. L.
Gainer's farm, on Econfina River, Bay County.
This is a very distinct species of small size and constant in its
characters. Specimens are fairly numerous when the material is care-
fully searched, but it is easily overlooked on a hasty examination.
The genus is known front the Upper Oligocene of Europe at rather
widely separated localities of Germany, France and northern Italy.
This is the first record for it in the Western Hemisphere, and it should
be found in the Miocene to the northward of Florida.

Family TEXTULARIIDAE
Subfamily Textulariinae
Genus TEXTULARIA Detrance, 1824
TEXTULARIA AGGLUTINANS d'Orbirny
Plate 1, figures 4 t, b
Textularia agglutinans r'OnRBINY, in De In Sagra, Hisi. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cubna 1839,
"Foraminifires," p. 136, pl. I, figs. 17, 18, 32, 34--CusEIMAN, U. S. Geol, Sur.
vey, Bull. 676, 1918, p. 46, p.i 9, fig. 6; Bull. 103, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1918, p. 52,
pi. 19, fig. 3; Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pl. 3, 1922, p. 7, pl. 1, figB. 4, 5.
Test elongate, tapering, somewhat compressed, the periphery
rounded; chambers inflated, increasing in height toward the aper-
tural end; sutures distinct, depressed; wall rather coarsely arenaceous,
but smoothly finished on the exterior; aperture an elongate slit in a
well-marked depression of the inner border of the chamber.
Length usually less than 1 nmm.; breadth 0.25-0.35 mm.; thickness
0.15-0.25 nnm.
This species was not noted in the material from about Red Bay,
but occurs as noted in the table from several stations in Leon, Liberty,
and Calhoun Counties. I have recorded it from the Miocene of Vir-
ginia and Maryland, and from the Uppermost Culebra formation of
the Panama Canal zone, as well as elsewhere in the Oligocene.
It is a common species in the West Indies in comparatively shallow
water.

FORAMINIFERA CHOCTAWHATCHEE FORMATION OF FLORIDA. 17

TEXTULARIA GRAMEN d'Orblign
Plate 1, figure 5 a, b
Textldaria grcmen DOn'Or Y, Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert, Vietine, 1846, p. 248, pl. 15,
fige. 4, 6.--CUsHMN, Bull. 676, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1918, pp. 8, 45, pl. 9, fig. S
(not 2, 3 = T. mayori.
Test slightly longer than broad, compressed, periphery subacute,
sides strongly divergent; chambers distinct, comparatively few, fairly
high, the earlier ones strongly overlapping: sutures distinct, slightly
depressed wall finely arenaccous, smoothly finished; aperture elon-
gate, in a definite groove at the base of the inner margin of the last-
formed chamber.
Length 0.60-0.75 nmm.; breadth 0.35-0.45 mnn.; thickness 0.22-0.25
1111114
I have previously recorded this species from the Miocene of Florida
in the above reference. Some of the specimens are evidently Textu-
laria mayor which in its young stages sometimes resembles T.
gramers. It is the most common species of the genus in the Florida
Miocene, and occurs in Walton, Leon, Liberty and Washington
Counties.

TEXTULARIA MAYOR Cmshman
Plate 1, figures 6.8
Textulara mayor CUSHMAN, PubI. 311, Carnegie Instit. Washington, 1922, p. 23,
pl. 2, fig. 3; Bull. 104, U. S. Nnt. Mus., pt. 3, 1922, p. 7.
Textldaria gramen (in part) CusJIMAN (not c'Orbigny), Bull. 676, U. S. Geol.
Survey, 191B, pl. 9, figs. 2, 3 (not fig. 5).
Test compressed, increasing rapidly in breadth, especially in the
microspheric form, initial end rounded, apertural end obliquely
truncate; chamber often indistinct, periphery of the later chambers
each with an elongate, conical, hollow, spinose projection, often
broken at the tip, those of the early portion directed backward, the
later ones extending outward; sutures only slightly depressed, curved;
wall arenaceous, of angular sand-grains with much fine cement, sur-
face smoothly finished; aperture low, elongate, at the inner border
of the last-formed chamber, in a reentrant of the border, with a thin
lip above.
Length up to 1 mm.; breadth 0.35 amm.; thickness 0.12-0.15 mnm.
This species was originally described from recent material col.
elected about the Tortugas. It occurs also along the east coast of
Florida. The Miocene specimens are very similar to the living ones
but are less accelerated, the early chambers usually being without
spines, some of them not developing the spines at all in immature
specimens but they can be distinguished by the form and association
with mature specimen.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN FOUR.

This species is rather common in the Choctawhatchee marl, and I
have specimens from Leon, Liberty, Bay and Washington Counties.

TEXTULARIA FLORIDANA Crshman
Plate 1, figures 9 a, b
Textularia transmersaria FLIPT (not H. B. Brady), Rep. U. S. Nat. Mum., 1897
(1899), p. 283, pl. 28, fig. 4.
Textularia floridana CUsH MA, Publ. 311, Carnegie Instil. Washington, 1922, p. 24,.
pl. 1, fig. 7; Boll. 104, U. S. Nat. Mua., pt. 3, 1922, p. 18, pl. 2, figs. 11, 12.
Test elongate, two or three times as long as wide, much compressed,
periphery entire or broken, in the adult with the sides nearly parallel,
initial end rather sharply pointed, apertural end broadly rounded or
truncate; chambers numerous, thickest near the center, increasing
somewhat in height toward the apertural end, the peripheral portions
thin walled and often broken away; sutures nearly at right angles to
the periphery, slightly if at all depressed; wall finely arenaceous,
smooth; aperture small, rounded, at the base of the inner margin of
the last-formed chamber.
Length of recent specimens nearly 1 mm. Figured specimen 0.40
,Iu.; breadth 0.20 inm.; thickness 0.10 mm.
While there are numerous records for this species from along the
Florida coast and the West Indies, it is very rare in the Miocene. The
only specimen is from Gully Sink, Washington County, Florida, col-
lected by W. C. Mansfield.
The specimen has the periphery entire and the peculiar form of
the initial end suggests that possibly this species belongs to the group
of biserial forms derived from Gaudryina by acceleration of develop-.
Ilent.

Genus BIGENERINA d'Orbigny, 1826
BIGBNERINA NODOBARIA d'Orblrmy. var. TEXTULARIOIDEA (Gas)
Plate 1, figure 10
Textulari jaginula DE uFAr s, form Bigenerina Gos, Kongl. Svenek. Vet. Akad.
Handl, vol. 19, pt. 4, 1882, p. 78, pl. 5, fig. 159, 160.
Clavuina textularioiden Gots, I. c., vol. 25, 1894, p. 42, pl. 8, fig. 387-399; Bull.
Mus, Comp. Zool., vol. 29, 1896, p. 37, pl. 4, figs. 26-38.
Bigenerina nodosaria FLINT, Rep, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1897 (1899), p. 286, pi, 31, fig.
4.-CUSHMan, Proc. U. S. Na. Mug.. vol. 59, 1921, p. 51; Publ. 311, Carnegie
Instit. Washington, 1922, p. 25, pl. 2, fgs. 5, 6.
Bigenerina nodosaria D*OsIGcnr, var. rxtrarlioid& CUSHnMAi, Bull. 103, U. S. Nat.
Mue., pt. 3, 1922, p. 25, p. 5, figs. 8, 9.
Variety differing from the typical form in the larger size and much
greater proportion of the uniserial stage and reduction of the biserial
portion as well as in the relation of the two, the last-formed chambers.
of the test often being greater in size than the entire biserial portion.

FORAMINIFERA CHOCTAWHATCHEE FORMATION OF FLORIDA. 19

Length of the fossil specimens slightly less than 1 timm.; diameter
'0.20 mm.
Specimens are rare in the Choctawhatchee marl, a few specimens
being found on Harveys Creek about 11/ miles S. E. of road from
Tallahassee to Bloxham, Leon County, and a single specimen from
Gully Sink, Washington County, all collected by W. C. Mansfield.
The few fossil specimens are not as well as developed as the recent
ones of the Florida coast and the West Indies, and apparently the
greater development of this form in the West Indian region has taken
place since the Miocene.

Family MILIOLIDAE
Genus QUINQUELOCULINA d'Orbigny, 1826
QNQNQUBLOCULINA cf. FUSCA H. B. Brady
Plate 1, figures II, 12
There are a very few mail arenaceous specimens which seem best
referred to Brady's species. In the waters adjacent to Florida at the
present time, Quinqueloculina fusca sees to be absent and the com-
mon species are Q. agglutinants d'Orbigny and Q. bidentate d'Orbigny.
However, Q. Jusca occurs on the Pacific coast of America with a fauna
related closely to the Choctawhatchee marl of Florida.

QUINQUELOCULINA SEMINULA (Innk)
Plate 2, figures 1, 2
"Conchula minima arrte in se contorta, etc." Pimneus, De Conchis min. not., 1739.
p. 19, pl. 11, fig. 1 A, B, C.
"Tubulus marines inregulnriter inlortue verruicularis" Gualtieri, Index Test., 1742,
pl. 10 fig. 5.
Serpula seminulnm LINNABUH, Syst. Nat, ed. 12, 1767, p. 1264.
Quinqueloculina seminulrnum 'OmReaNv, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 303.-
CUSHMAN, Bull. 103, U. S. Na, Mus., 1918, p. 78, pl. 27, ige. 4 a, b; p). 28,
figs. 1.3; pl. 29, figs. 1 re; Bull. 676, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1918, pp. 22, 70, pl. 1,
fig 8; pl. 28, fig. 2, 4, 5; pl. 29, fig. 1; Bull. 104, U. S. Not. Mu., 1929, p. 24,
pl. 2, figs. 1, 2.
Ailiolina seminulum WILLIAMSON, Ree. Fornin. Great Britain, 1858, p. 85, pl. 7,
igl. 183.185,-H. B. BRADv, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1804, p. 157,
pl. 5, fig. 6.
Test longer than wide, greatest width near the middle; chambers
distinct, of nearly uniform diameter, periphery rounded, sutures die-
tinct, very slightly depressed; wall smooth, polished; aperture large,
with a simple tooth.
This species is rare in the Choctawhatchee marl, specimens occur-
ring in very small numbers at but a few stations.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN- FOUR.'

QUINQUELOCULINA LAMARCKIANA d'Orbliny
Plate 2, figures 3-5
Quinqueloulina lamarcklana D'On EICv, in De la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba,
1839, "Foraminifires," p. 189, p, 11, figs. 14, IS.--CUSHMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat.
Mub, vol. 59, 1921, p, 65, pl. 15, figl. 13, 14; Pubr. 311, Carnegie Instil. Wash.
ington, 1922, p. 64; Publ. 342, 1924, p. 63; Publ. 344, 1926, p. 81; Bull. 104,
U. S. Nat. Mua., pt. 6, 1929, p. 26, pl. 2, fig. 6 a-c.
Quinquelocilina auberiana D'OasICNY, in De la Sagra, Hist. Fig. Pol. Nat. Cuba,
1839, "Foraminifres," p. 193, pl. 12, fgs. 14-.-CusHnMA, Bull. 103, U. S. Nat.
Mus, 1918, p. 79, pl. 29, figs. 3 a-c; Bull. 676, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1918, pp. 23,
71, pl. 5, fig. 3; pl. 30, fig. 1.
Quiquelocalina cuvieriana H. B. BRADY (not d'Orbiguy), Rep. Voy, Challenger,
Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 162, pl. 5, figs. 12 ac.
Test nearly as broad as long; chambers distinct, generally triangu-
lar in transverse section, the angles subacute but not carinate; sutures
slightly depressed; wall smooth and polished; apertural end of
chamber slightly extended, forming an elliptical neck without a
definite lip, but with a narrow, elongate tooth.
Fossil specimen, length 0.80 mm.; breadth 0.50 mnl.; thickness
0.40 mm.
Specimens of this species are rare in the Choctawhatchee marl as
are all members of the family.

QUINQUELOCULINA CONTORTA d'Orbifny
Plate 2, figures 6 a-c
Quinqueloculina conLorta D'OaBICNY, Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, 1846, p.
298, pl. 20, figs. 4-6.--CusuMAN, Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mus, pt. 6, 1929, p. 29,
pl. 3, figs 6 a.c.
Miliolina contorta H. B. BRtAD. Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc., 1887, p. 881-HERNOW-
ALLEN and EARLAND, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., vol. 31, pt. 64, 1913, p. 30; Trans.
Linn. Soc. London, Zool., vol. 11, 1916, p. 213.
Test somewhat longer than broad; chambers polygonal in trans-
verse section, periphery and sides flattened or slightly concave, angles
subacute; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall smooth; aperture
rounded, slightly projecting, with a simple tooth.
Length of fossil specimens 0.30 mm.; breadth 0.20 nmm.; thickness
0.10 mm.
This is a rare species in the Choctawhatchee marl. The species was
described by d'Orbigny from the Miocene of the Vienna Basin, and
it seems to be still living on the coasts of Europe but not in the West.
Indian region.

FORAMINIFERA CHOCTAWHATCHEE FORMATION OF FLORIDA. 21
QUINQUELOCULINA SUBPOEYANA Cashman
Plate 2, figures 7 a, b
QuinquelocuUina subpoeyana CUSHMAN, Publ. 311, Carnegie tnmlit. Washington,
1922, p. 66; Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 6, 1929, p. 31, pl. 5, figs. 3 c.
Test elongate, about two and a half times as long as wide; chambers
distinct, peripheral border rounded, apertural end projecting; sutures
somewhat obscured; wall ornamented by numerous longitudinal
costae which, instead of being uniform, are usually irregularly
toothed throughout, giving a peculiar roughened appearance to the
test; aperture with a thin lip and a single tooth.
Length of figured specimen 0.35 mm.; breadth 0.18 mm.; thick-
ness 0.12 mm.
This is a fairly common species in shallow water in the Florida
and general West Indian region, but has not been previously recorded
as a fossil. It is very rare in the Choctawhatchee marl.

Genus. SPIROLOCULINA d'Orbigny, 1826
SPIROLOCULINA PLANULATA (Lamarck)
Plate 3, figures 1 a, b
[For complete references to this species, see Cushman, Bull. 104, U. S. Nat.
Mu., pt. 6, 1929, p. 41.]
Test irregularly elliptical, periphery in the young convex, in the
adult becoming flattened or concave; chambers distinct, the initial
end projecting considerably beyond the aperture of the previously
formed one, the apertural end very slightly, if at all, projecting, side
view concave; sutures distinct; surface matt; aperture with a slight
lip and an elongate tooth, often slightly bifid at the tip.
Length of figured specimen 0.43 mi.; breadth 0.30 mm.; thick-
ness 0.10 mm.
This is a very rare species in the Florida Miocene, but is found
living off the coast.

SPIROLOCULINA DEPRESSA d'Orblsny
Plate 3, figures 2 a, b
In the earlier Report (Bull. 676, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1918, p. 72,
pl. 31, figs. 2 a, b), this species was recorded from the Choctawhatchee
marl at Jackson Bluff as Spiroloculina limbata d'Orbigny. A study of
topotype material from Castel Arquato, Italy with the original figures
of d'Orbigny shows that later authors have greatly mixed these two
species.
No further specimens were found from the Florida Miocene.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN FOUR.

8PIROLOCULINA so
Pate figure 3
There is a single specimen of a peculiarly ornamented species of
Spiroloculina figured here. It is from the Choctawhatchee marl,
Gully Sink, Washington County, Florida. The later chambers are
marked by sharp costae.

Genus SIGMOILINA Schlumberger, 1887
SIGMOILINA TBNUt8 (Cljsk)
Plate 2, figures 8 a-c
Quinqueloculina tennis CZJZEK. Haldidnger's Nat. Ahhandl., vol. 2, 1847, p. 149,
pl. 13, fig. 31-34.
Sigmoilina tenui CHASTrw First Rept. Southport Soc. Nat. Sci, 1890-91 (1892),
p. 56-JONes, Foram, Crag, pt. 2, 1895, p. 125, p. 7, fig. 2--CusHMAN, Bull.
103, U. S. Nat. Mu., 1918, p. 81, pl. 31, fig. 4 ae; Bull. Scripps Inatit. Ocean-
ography, Tech. Ser., vo. 1, 1927, p. 139.
Sigmoilin elliptica GALLOWAY and WIssLER, Journ. Pal, vol. 1, 1927, p. 39, pl. 7,
fig. 2.
Test sigmoid, longer than broad, compressed; chambers narrow,
rounded in transverse section, five or six visible on either side; sutures
distinct, curved; wall smooth; aperture with a slight neck, rounded.
Length 0.40 mm.; breadth 0.20 mm.; thickness 0.08 mm.
This species is very rare in the Choctawhatchee marl. Bagg has
recorded it from the Miocene, Choptank formation, of Pawpaw Point,
Maryland as "Spiroloculina tennis." It occurs also in the Miocene,
Gatun formation, of the Panama Canal Zone. Czjzek's specimens
were from the Miocene of the Vienna Basin, and a study of my own
specimens from that area show that our specimens are identical. The
original figure is not well drawn although in the adult of some speci-
mens of the Vienna Basin and elsewhere there is a tendency for the
last two or three chambers to be formed almost in a single plane.
The more normal form is that figured here.
Sigmoilina elliptica described by Galloway and Wissler from the
Pleistocene of California is the same, as shown by a comparison of
topotype material with the series from the Vienna Basin.

Genus TRILOCULINA d'Orbigny, 1826
TRILOCULINA BCHREIlIBBIANA d'OrbMny
Plate 3, figures 4 o-c
In the earlier Report (Bull. 676, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1918, p. 71,
pl. 30, fig. 4), this species was recorded from Coes Mill, Liberty
County. It must be very rare, as no further specimens have been
found. A copy of the figure of the specimen from Coes Mill is given
here.

FORAMINIFERA CHOCTAWHATCHEE FORMATION OF FLORIDA. 25

TRILOCULINA ABSPRULA Cushman
Plate 1, figure 13
Triloculina asperula CUSHMAN, Bull. 676, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1918, p. 72, pl. 30,
Asg. 3,
Test subcircular in side view, chambers tapering toward either
end, irregularly roughened, sutures distinct; aperture with a simple
tooth. Diameter, 0.25 millimeter.
This species was described from the Choctawhatchee marl at Coes
Mill, Liberty County, but no further specimens have been found.

Genus PYRGO Defrance, 1824
PYRGO SUBSBIHAERICA (d'Orbigny)
Plate 3, figures 5 a-c
Bilocilina subsphaerica o'OHsaIGN, In De la Sagra, Hist. Fie. Poi. Nat. Cuba, 1839,
"Foraminiftres," p. 162, pl. 8, figs. 25-27.-CusHMAN, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mua.
vol. 59, 1921, p. 73; PubL. 311, Carnegie Instit. Washington, 1922, p. 77; Publ.
344, 1926, p. 83.
Pyrgo subsphaerica CUSHMAN, Bull. 104, U. S. Nat, Mus., pt. 6, 1929, p. 68, pl. 18,
figs. 1, 2.
Test small, rotund, slightly longer than broad, somewhat broader
than thick, chambers rounded, periphery rounded; suture distinct,
depressed, in side view showing a sinuous line concave toward the
last-formed chamber near the aperture and concave toward the pre-
ceding chamber at the opposite end; wall smooth and polished; aper-
ture broadly oval with a somewhat flattened tooth with short lateral
extensions at the tip only partially filling the aperture.
Length 0.50 mm.; breadth 0.40 mm.; thickness 0.35 mm.
This species was recorded (Bull. 676, U. S. Geol, Survey, 1918, p.
72, pl. 31, fig. 1), as "Biloculina bulloides" from the Choctawhatchee
marl of Jackson Bluff, Leon County. It must be very rare, as no
further specimens were found.

Family OPHTHALMIDIIDAE
Subfamily Cornuspirinae
Genus CORNUSPIRA Schultze, 1854
CORNUSPIRA INVOLVES (Reua)
Plate 3, figure 6
Operculina involvens REuss, Denkschr. Akad. WisL Wien, vol. 1, 1850, p. 370,
pl. 46, fig. 30.
Cornuspira involvens Rsuss, Sits. Akad. Wise. Wien, vol. 48, Abt. 1, 1863, p. 39A
pl. 1, fig. 2. [For complete references to this species, see Cushman, Bull. 104,
U. S. Nat. MNu., pt. 6, 1929, p. 80.]
Test nearly circular in side view, consisting of a proloculum and
a long, closely coiled, planispiral, second chamber of nearly equal
diameter throughout, slightly involute; suture distinct, somewhat

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN FOUR.

depressed; wall smooth and polished, occasionally showing slight
lines of growth; aperture nearly the aize of the 0open end of llh
tube.
The single specimen found is cvidetlly a young stage. It is from
tle lower Upper Miocene had at Jackson Bluff, left bank of Ouklock-
nee River, just above the bridge, Leon County, collected by W. C.
Mansficld.
The species is a coni on ie in warm shtallow water.

Family LAGENIDAE
Subfumily Nodosariinac
Genus ROBULUS Montfort, 1808
ROUILUS AMRRICANUB (CwAhmmn)
'lnte 3, figure. 7 a, b
Cristellaria nmtertcam CtrsiMAN, lull. 676, U. S. CoGeol. Survey, 1918, p. 50, pl. 10,
fis,. 5, 6.
Tesi closely coiled, hiconvex, slightly keeled, composed of but six
or seven cihailmers in lile nast-formed whorl; sutures raised and riild-
ing in a raiecd umnbonal area, surface otherwise smooth'; llpelrlnre
radiate with the median ventral slit enlarged and prolonged into the
apcrtural face.
Diameter up to 1.50 Imn.; thickness up to 0.75 num.
This species was previously recorded from the Clhoclawhatcheo
imarl, ] miile south of Red Bay, Wallon County. In tIh laler collce.
tionI, it has been found on John Anderson's farm, %/ mile cast of
Red Bay; Jim Kennedy Branch, I mile cast of Red Bay and E.
Gomnillion's place, 1 mile casl of Red Bay, all in Walton County.
it seems to be confined in Florida to this particular phase of the
Choctawhatchee marl where it is often frequent.
The species may he distinguished by its closely coiled form with
comparatively few chambers, the raised cotae, and the raised ura-
bonal area.

ROBULUS AMERICANUS (Cashman), vart SPINOSUS (Cujhman)
Plate 3, figures 8 n, b
Crisellaria americano CuansMAN, vnr. spinnsa CusIIMAN, Bull. 676, U. S. Gool.
Survey, 1918, p. 51, pl. 10, fig. 7.
Variety differing from the typical form by the addition of species
on the peripheral margin opposite the ends of the sutures.
The type specimens of this variety are from the Choctawhatclieo
marl, 1 mile south of Red Bay, Walton County. The variety has been
found with the typical form on the John Andoraon farm, % mile
east of Red Bay and E. Gomillion's place %1 mile east of Red Bay,

FORAMINIFERA CHOCTAWHATCHEE FORMATION OF FLORIDA, 25

Walton County, but not in the other counties from which material
wis obtaiined. This variety with the typical form dlould Ie good
markers for this phase of the Choctawhbttheie hurl.

ROIIULUH IOTIIH (Curhmnn)
Plate 4, ligurei I u, b
Cr1fsellaria cultrin t I. ItA. liAny (uol Montfort), Rep. Vny. Challenger, Zoology,
vol. 9, 184, p. 550, pl. 70, ligs. 46.
Crltedlaria inta CPSmiMAN, Hull. 144, U. S. Nat. MuH., Iit. 4, 1923, p. III, pl. 9,
fig. 2; pl. 30, fig. 1.
Test cl os-coiled, iomnjipresed, ImiboIt ile, the perihlic]'y with a
thin, broadly keel, nearly transparent, ten to fifteen chambers in the
last-formed coil in lthe nault, narrow; futures slightly curved, slightly
limlRote, 1)i1 noLt raise a1i ove tlie general surface, umnilontal region
occupied by a large, thickened, Iranspanlnt knob; wall sanooth, thin;
aperture radiator, atl tihe peripheral angle of Ithc est with tihe ventrln
slit contiiiued1 in lo the apertural face.
Diameter of Fioriidn specCinIfs up to 1.5 unn.
The only specimens are froin Sink at (;Glly P'onid, about 10 milei
south of Wausemu, Waslhington Countly, collected by C. W. Cooke and
JulIin A. Gardner.
'The keel is not as strongly developed as in muny recent specimens,
hut this echarncter is a variable one.
tORnULIS PLORIDANUfl (tCpWhmn. . -.
Plate 4, ligirrtt 2 a,' ib
Crisaehllria floridanum CdIMAN, ull..6.47t, 4.J* S. Geol. Survey, 1918, p. 51, pl. 11.
fi 1. 4 A I
Test elongate, crosier.frjt carlyy portiq. &p.qsdy, eqilqid, later
chambers be(comiilg unroiled andl more elongate, test compnaratively
thick in front view, peripheral margin rounded; wall smooth, except
for slight raised arena above tlie sntures, which are otherwise indis-
1inct; aperture peripheral.
Length 2 nun.; breadth 1.20 nun.; thickness 0.50 nnm.
Tlie type of this species is from the Choctawhatchee marl, 1 mile
south of Red Bay, Walton County.
No additional specimenI were found in the further search of
material from this area showing that it is a very rare form.

RODULUS CATINULATUS (Cunaman)
Plate 4, figures 3 a, b
Crfatellaria catenulata CusuMAN, Bull. 676, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1918, p. 51, pl. II,
fig. 2.
Teat comparatively large, compressed, oval, composed of numerous
chambers, ten or more in the last-formed coil, peripheral margin

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BUILETIN FOUR.

narrowed but rounded, the area above the sutures with broad, raised
ribs curving toward the umbilical region, the inner ends often termi-
nating in rounded knobs or the whole suture with a row of bead-like
prominences; aperture radiate, slightly projecting.
Diameter of type 2 nmm.
This species was described from the Choctawhatchee marl from I
mile south of Red Bay, Walton County. There are a few specimens,
one of which is figured, and which may be this same species front
E. Gomillion's place, Red Bay, Walton County, collected by Julia
A. Gardner. This, like other related species, is probably very variable
in its surface characters. It strongly resembles Robulus vaughani
Cushman from the Miocene of the Panama Canal Zone and the two
may be found to be one species.

Genus PLANULARIA Defrance, 1824
PLANULARIA asp
Plate 4, figures 6 a, b
This species is represented by too few specimens to be sure of its
full characters. It has the sutures raised and is tricarinate at the
periphery but is not the eaine in side view as P. tricarinella HI B.
Brady.
The specimens are front the John Anderson farm, /% mile east of
Red Bay,.Wa.ktpn CPXqnty, collected by W. C. Mansfield.
SCiI *r
| j, & a 4 ,

Il. k, Pj 6 ,jg R osM 4 a, b, 5
S Theq tJvp lgalop]ghplriie pecinmenW figured are evidently very young
stages qr oipetvi pie from the above. There is so little material
that any specific determination must await the finding of additional
and especially adult specimens.
The figured specimens are from Gully Sink, Wasington County.

Genus MARGINULINA d'Orbigny, 1826
MARGINULINA spt
Plate 4, Afures 7 a, b
Owing to the variability of different species of Marginulinr, it
seems very unwise to assign specific names to this and the following
species which are represented by only one or two specimens each.
This figured specimen is from a cut in the road leading to Watsoz's
Landing, Liberty County, collected by W. C. Mansfield and E. C.
Bracewell.

FORAMINIFERA CHOCTAWHATCHEE FORMATION OF FLORIDA. 27

MARCINULINA ap t
Plte 4, figures 8 a, 6
The figured specimen is from the lower bed at Alum Bluff, Ap-
alachicola River, Liberty County, collected by W. C. Mansfield and
E. C. Bracewell.

MARGINULINA pt
Plate 4, figures 9 a, 6
The figured specimen is from the lowest fossiliferous bed on Jim
Kennedy Branch, about 1 mile east of Red Bay, Walton County,
collected by W. C. Mansfield.

Genus SARACENARIA Defrance, 1824
SARACENARIA ACUTAURICULARIS (Fkhtel and Mell)
Plate 4, figures 10 a, b
"Hammonioe subrotundne" SOLOANI, Telatceographia, vol. 1, pt. 1, 1789, p. 61,
pl. 49, fig. X.
Nautilus aculmwricnlaris FITCHtLL nad MOLU, Test. Micr., 1803, p. 102, pl. 18, figs.
g4.
Criatellaria acutauricutaris PARKEn and JONES, Ann. Mag, Nat. Hial, ser. 3, vol. 5,
1860, p. 114.--H. BBRADY, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 543.
pl. 114, fge. 17 a, b.
Test elongate, the adult triangular in transverse section, somewhat
uncoiling, periphery acute, apertural face broad, slightly convex;
chambers few, distinct; sutures distinct, very slightly depressed; wall
smooth; aperture radiate.
Length of figured specimen 0.70 mm.
The only specimen is from the lowest fossiliferous bed on Jim
Kennedy Branch, about I mile east of Red Bay, Walton County.

Genus DENTALINA d'Orbigny, 1826
DENTALINA COMMUNISM d',Orbigny
Plate 5, figure 1
Nodosaria (Denetlina) commmns m 'OPSORINY, Ann. Sci. Nat, vol. 7, 1826, p. 254,
No. 35.
Nodoaaria commumis Rluss, Veralein, B'hm. Kreide, pt. 1, 1845, p. 28, pl. 12,
fig. 21. [For further references to this species, see Cushman, Bull. 104, U. S.
Nat. Mus., pt. 6, 1929, p. 75.]
Test elongate, slender, slightly tapering, slightly curved, composed
of several chambers, those toward the apertural end inflated; sutures
depressed, those toward the initial end less distinct, more or less
oblique; wall smooth; aperture radiate, eccentric.
Length up to 3 mm,

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN FOUR.

I have already recorded this species from the Choctawhatehee
marl from 1 mile south of Red Bay, Walton County (Bull. 676, U. S.
Geol. Survey, 1918, p. 50, pl. 10, fig. 8). In the more recent collec-
tions, it has occurred in some numbers at the following localities
Jim Kennedy Branch, I mile east of Red Bay; John Anderson's farm,
'Y mile east of Red Bay; and E. Gonillion's place, 1 mile cast of
Red Bay. Like Robulus americanus, it is a good marker for this par-
ticular portion of the Miocene, as it was not found elsewhere in other
counties of Florida. It occurs in the Miocene, Gatun formation, of
the Panama Canal Zone.

DENTALINA CONSOBRINA d'Orblny, var. EMACIATA Reuss
Plate 5, figure 2
Dertalinr emaciat BRsuss. Zeilsehr. deutach. geol. Ges., vol. 3, 1851, p. 63, p1. 3,
fig. 9.
Nodsoaria (Den alina) consobrina, var, esadcara REUHs, Denksehr. Akad. Wisa.
Wien, vol. 25, 1865, p. 132, pl. 2, figs. 12, 13,-H. B. BRADY, Rep. Voy. Chat.
longer, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 502, pl. 62, figs. 25, 26.-FLINT, Rep. U. S. Nnt.
Mug., 1897 (1899), p. 310, p1. 56, flg. 1.-CuSHMt N, Bull. 71I U. S. Nut. Mus.,
pt. 3, 1913, p. 56, pi. 27, fig. 9; Bull. 104, pt. 4, 1923, p. 78, pi. 13, figs. 3.5.
Test elongate, tapering, often with a spine at the apical end,
slightly curved; composed of numerous chambers, short and cylindri-
cal in the early portion but becoming longer and more inflated in the
later portion; sutures not depressed in the early portion, more so
later; wall smooth; aperture radiate, slightly excentric.
The only specimen in tie collection is that figured. It is somewhat
broken hut seems best placed under this variety. It is from the lowest
fossiliferous bed on Jim Kennedy Branch, about I mile east of Red
Bay, Walton County, collected by W. C. Mansfield.

DENTALINA sp. (7)
Plate 5, figure 3
The figured fragment was found with the above specimen, and
may possibly represent the adult chanmbera or may belong to sonie
other species. It is figured for the record.

Genus NODOSARIA Lamarck, 1812
NODOSARIA CATESBYT d'Orbliny
Plate 5, figure 4
Nodosaria Catesbyi 'OmaiCrv, in De In Sngra, Hist. Fis, Pol. Nat. Cuba, 1839,
"Foraminifires," p. 16, pl. 11, figm. 8.10.
Test composed of two chambers, the proloculum subglobular, with
a short basal spine, the second chamber more pyriform, apertural end
somewhat prolonged; suture distinct and depressed; wall ornamented

FORAMINIFERA CHOCTAWHATCHEE FORMATION OF FLORIDA. 29

with numerous, very distinct costae which extend the entire length of
the two chambers to the aperture.
Length 0.45 mm.; diameter 0.17 mm.
A number of specimens of this species very close indeed to the
original figured by d'Orbigny from the West Indies were found in the
material from Calhoun, Liberty and Leon Counties. None of the speci-
inens have more than two clhanlbers, and all the characters are iden-
tical with those figured by d'Orbigny. They are from Darlings Slide,
about 21/ miles, airline, southeast from Clarkeville, Calhoun County;
from Mr. S. D. Johnson's place near Woods, Sec. 26, T. 1 S., R. 8 W..
Liberty County, and from lowest bed, Harvey's Creek, at abandoned
nill, See. 8, T. 1 S., R. 3 W., Leon County.

Subfamily Lageninae
Genus LAGENA Walker and Jacob, 1798
LAGUNA PFRLUCIDA (Montagu)
Plate 5, figure 5
Vermicilumn perlucidum MONTACv, Test. Brit., 1803, p. 525, p. 14, fig. 3.
Lagerra perlucidu BROWN, Illust. Concih, Great Britain, 1827, fly leaf, pl. 1, fig. 29;
ed. 2, 1844, p. 3, pl. S6, fig. 29.--SCILUMBETGER, Feuille des Jeuine Nat., Sa1r.
13, 1882, pl. 1, fig. 2.-CusiiMAN, Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 4, 1923, p. 46,
pl. 8, figs. 12, 13.
Lagena vtUgaris L WILLIAMSON, vir. perIcid(i WILLIAMSON, Ree. Foram. Great
Britain, 1858, p. 5, p1. 1, figs. 7, 8.
Test somewhat pyriform, elongate, broadest near the base, the
apertural end continued into an elongate, cylindrical, slender neck,
often with a slight lip, the opposite portion of the test with a few,
fine, longitudinal coatae, extending part way up the body of the
teat; surface otherwise smooth.
Length up to 0.35 mm.; diameter 0.10 nnm.
Specimens occurred in collections from Walton, Liberty, Leon,
Bay, and Washington Counties. There is a considerable amount of
variation in the shape of the test which may be regularly and sym.
metrically pyriform, or of the shape figured here or even with the
basal end flattened instead of rounded.

LAGUNA CLAVATA (d'Orbigry)
Plate 5, figures 6 a, b
Oolina claaut0a n'OresGMY, Foram. Fos. Bass. Ten. Vienne, 1846, p. 24, pl. 1, fig. 2.
Lagena cavata MACKIE, Recreative Science, vol. 1, 1859, p. 148. fig. 13. [For com-
plete references to this species, see Cushman, Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mui., pt. 4,
1923, p. 10.]
Test elongate, elavate or fusiform with a long neck at the oral end
and basal end rounded, usually with a spinose projection, transverse

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN FOUR.

section circular; wall smooth, thin and transparent; aperture with a
definite phialine lip.
Length of figured specimen 0.30 mm.; diameter 0.15 mm.
There are rare specimens showing almost no variation from Wal-
ton, Liberty and Calhoun Counties. It has recently been recorded
from the Pliocene of California (Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res,.
vol. 5, pt. 3, 1929, p. 68, pl. 11, fig. 3).

LAGUNA B EAGONA (Wl11smuon)
Plate 5, fiArce 11 a, 6
Entsolenia squamosa MO~TAcu, var. he~agonr WtILUAMSON, Ann. MHg. Nat. Hit.,
ser. 2, vol. 1, 1848, p. 20, pl. 2, fig. 23; Rec. Foram. Great Britain, 1858, p. 13,
pL 1, fig. 31.
Lagena hexagona SIDMALL, Cat. Brit. Ree. Formm, 1879, p. 6. [For complete refer-
ences to thia species, see Cushman, Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 4, 1923, p. 24]
Test pyriform, base semicircular, apertural end somewhat drawn
out, with a short neck; surface ornamented by rather regular, hex-
agonal reticulations.
Length up to 0.30 inm.
This species is very rare in the collections, while the following
variety is common. Single specimens occur at Jim Kennedy Branch,
1 mile east of Red Bay, Walton County and Gully Sink, T. 2 N., R.
14 W., Washington County.
The reticulations are not in lines, and are smaller than those of
the variety.

LAGENA HEXAGONA 4Willamnmn), nwr. SCALARIFORMIS (Wllunson)
Plate 5, figures 7 a, 6
Entosolenia squamosa (MoNTAGU), var. scalariformis WILLIAMSOn, Ree. Porom.
Great Britain, 1858, p. 13, pl. 1, fig. 30.
Lagena scalariformis REus, Sit., Aked. Wies. Wien, vol. 46, pt. 1, 1862 (1863),
p. 333, pl. 5, figs. 69-71.
Lagena hexagonal (WILLIAMSON), var. scalardiormis CusHMmN, Bull. 11, U. S. Nat.
Mus, pt. 3, 1913, p. 11, pi. 6, fig. 4; Bull, Scrippa Intit. Oceanography, Tech.
Ser, vol. 1, 1927, p. 145; Conlr. Cushman Lab. Forarm. Re., vol. 5, pt. 3, 1929,
p. 72, pl. 11, fig. 17.
Test subglobular, surface ornamentation of a generally reticulate
pattern, the sides of the reticulations often thickened, forming costae,
the top and bottom borders usually less conspicuous; aperture with-
out a neck or lip, slightly protruding.
Length 0.25 mm.; diameter 0.18 mm.
This is one of the commonest forms of the genus in the Choctaw-
hatchee marl occurring in material from Bay, Calhoun, Leon, Liberty,
and Washington Counties, but strangely there are no specimens from
Walton County, where the typical form occurs.

FORAMINIFERA CHOCTAWHATCHEE FORMATION OF FLORIDA. 31

LAGENA 8ULCATA (Walker and Jacob)
Plate 5, figure 10
"Serpula (Lagena) striate sulcnta rotundala" WALKER and BOYS, Test. Min., 1784,
p. 2, pi. 1, fig. 6.
Serpula (Lagena) sUticat WALKER and JACOB, Adams' Essays, Kaumncier's ed.,
1798, p. 634, pl. 14, fig. 5.
Lagena sulcata PARKER and JONEs, Philos. Trasn., vol. 155, 1865, p. 351.
Test typically subglobose, slightly longer than broad; wall with
numerous, rather coarse, longitudinal costae, neck elongate with a
definite, phialine lip.
Length of figured specimen 0.27 mm.; diameter 0.18 mmn.
This species is rare in the Choctawhatchee marl. Single specimens
are from Darlings Slide about 21/2 miles, airline, southeast from
Clarksville, Calhoun County, and from the lower bed at Alum Bluff,
Apalachicola River, Liberty County.

LAGUNA SUBSTRIATA Wlliamsrt
Plate 5, figure 14
Lagena substrita WILLIAMSON, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist,, ser. 2, vol. 1, 1B4B, p. 15,
pl. 1, fig. 12.-CUSHMAN, Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 4, 1923, p. 56, pl. 10,
fig. 11; Bull. Scrippa Instil. Oceanography, Tech, Set., vol. 1, 1927, p. 145;
Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 5, 1929, p. 68, pl. 11, fig. 4.
Lagena vulgaris WILLIAMSON. var. subslriata WILLIAMSON, Rec, Foram. Great Bri-
tain, 1858, p. 7, pl. 1, fig. 14.
Test elongate, body of the test longer than broad, basal end
rounded, apertural end tapering into an elongate neck; wall orna-
mented with numerous, fine, longitudinal costae, continuous from the
base of the chamber to the neck, sometimes a few on the neck itself.
Length 0.50 mm.; diameter 0.25.0.30 nun.
There are fine large specimens of this species showing but little
variation from Walton, Liberty, Leon and Calhoun Counties.

LAGENA COSTATA (Williimaon), rar. AMPHORA Reusa
Plate 5, figure 8
Lagena amphora Rsuss, Sitz. Akad. Wins. Wien, vol. 46, pt. 1, 1862 (1863), p. 330,
p. 4, fig. 57.
Lagesra costata (WILLIAMSON), var. amphora CUSHMAN, Bull. 71. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
pt. 3, 1913, p. 21, pl. 10, figs. 2, 3; pl. 12, fig. 2; Conir. Cushman Lab. Foram.
Re., vol. 5, 1929, p. 70, pl. 11, fige. 11, 12.
Test elongate, pyriform, with a long, tapering neck; surface with
comparatively few, prominent costae, running up onto the elongate
tapering neck; aperture small, without a lip.
Length of figured specimen 0.27 mm.; diameter 0.12 mm.
The only complete specimens are from the lower marl bed, Alum
Bluff on the Apalachicola River, Liberty County, collected by W. C.

32 FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN FOUR.

Mansfield and E. C. Bracewell. There is a single broken specimens
from Coes Mill, Liberty County, which may also belong here.

LAGENA cf. BTRIATO-PUNCTATA Parker and Jones
Plate 5, figure 9
There are several specimens from the lower bed at Alum Bluff,
Apalachicola River, Liberty County, which are elongate pyriform in
shape, finely costate with the peculiar pitted appearance usually
found in this species.

LACENA ORBIGNYANA (Serfentz), vwa. LACUNATA Burrows and Holland
Plate 5, figure 13 a, b
Lgena castrenais H. B. BRADY (not Schwager), Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology,
vol. 9, 1884, p. 485, pl. 60, figs 1, 2.--BALKWILL and WamHT, Trnus. Roy. Irihk
Acnd., vol. 28 (Sci,), 1885, p. 341, pl. 12, fig. 20, 21.-Ecoxr Ablandl. kIn.
bay, Aknd. Wise. MUnchren, Cl. II, vol. 18, 1893, p. 333, pl. 10, figs. 71, 72.-
FLIt, Rep. 1. S. Nat. M ., 897189 (899), p. 308, pi, 54, fig. 5.
Lagena Iacrnata Buntows and HOLLAND, in JONES, Paleot. Soc., 1895, p. 205, pl. 7,
fig. 12.
Lagena orbignyann, var. cosrensir MILLrr, Journ. Roy. Micr. Soc, 1901, p. 626,
pL. 14, fig. 20.
Lagena orbignyana, var. lacunata SIDoEsTTM, Mem. Proc. Manchester Lit. Philos.
Sec., vol. 54, No. 16, 1910, p. 19, pl. 2, fig. 14; Journ. Quekelt Mier. Club, vol.
11, 1912, p. 416, pL 19, figs. 1618.--CUSHMAN, Full. 71, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 3,
1913, p. 43, pl. 20, fig. 1.
Test rounded or ovate, much compressed, whole test surrounded
by a peripheral keel inside of which on either side is a complete
raised rim about the body proper; neck somewhat elongate; wall
with the body portion ornamented by a network of lacunae or pitted
areas of varying size usually with an outlining ring about each pit.
Length up to 0.30 mm.; breadth 0.25 nmm.; thickness 0.15 mm.
Specimen occurred in material from Leon, Liberty and Washing-
ton Counties. The form is especially abundant at Gully Sink, Wash-
ington County, Florida.

LAGUNA ef. MARGINATO-PERPORATA (Seffaein)
Plate 5, figure 12
There are specimens from Liberty and Leon Counties which may
be referred to this species. The test is much compressed, usually of
the form figured, the keel very variable, and the surface coarsely
perforate.

FORAMINIFERA CHOCTAWHATCHEE FORMATION OF FLORIDA. 33

Family POLYMORPHINIDAE
Genus GUTTULINA d'Orbigny, 1826
GUTTULINA IRREGULARIS (d'OrbAny)
Globulmn irregnuaris D'OBasIzN, Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, 1846, p. 226,
pl. 13, Aga 9, 10.---USHMA and THOMAS, Journ. Pl., vo01. 3, 1929, p. 177,
pl. 23, figs. 2 a-c. [For further references, see Cushman and Ozawa, Proc. U. S.
Nat. Mua., vol. 77, art. 6, 1930.]
Test oval to subdeltoidal, equilaterally triangular with rounded
sides and angles, excepting the acute apertural end; chambers more
or less angular, elongated, arranged in a clockwise, quinqueloculine
series, each succeeding chamber excepting the last one or two cham-
bers in full grown specimens coming down to the base; suturea de-
pressed, distinct; wall smooth, but in full grown specimens often
having the last small chamber with spines or covered with fistulose
tubes; aperture radiate.
Under this species is placed "Polymorphina byramensis Cushman"
and a number of other species. It is very widely distributed in the
Tertiary.
The only specimen in the collection is from the John Anderson
farm, % mile east of Red Bay, Walton County.

GUTTULINA COSTATULA Galloway and Whaler
Plate 5, figure 15
Polymorphina (Guttuina) costatula GALLOWAY and WISSLEi, Journ. Pal., vel. 1,
1927, p. 57, pl. 9, Asg. 10 a, b.
Guulina costaZula CUSHMAN and OZAWA, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mu., vol. 77, art. 6,
1930, pl 6fig. 3 b.
Test short, somewhat fusiform, acute at both ends; chambers in-
flated, rounded, not much embracing, arranged in a contra-clockwise,
quinqueloculine series, each succeeding chamber removed much
farther from the base; sutures depressed, distinct; wall ornamented
with numerous distinct, rounded coatae, of which there are five more
strongly developed at the base, radiating from the acute initial end
independent of the sutures and taking positions in accord with the
quinqueloculine arrangement of the early chambers; aperture pro-
duced, radiate.
This species was described front the Pleistocene of California and
apparently occurs also in the Late Tertiary of Australia.
Single specimens occurred at three stations in Liberty and Calhoun
Counties.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN FOUR.

GUTTULINA LACTEA (Montafhr) var, RARLANDI Caahmans and Oana
Plate 5, figure 19
Polyrnarphian conMvica JoNKm (not WtllIumeon), Foranmt Crang. pt. 3, 1896, p. 264,
pl. 5, lig. 22I.-IHK RN-AmIKN and EAru.Ani, Joirn. Roy. Micr, Sor,, 1909, p. 431,
pl. 17, flg. 6.
Polymorphina lacte, var. concrun SoKnmoTrom, Mem. Proe. Manehoater Lit. Philos.
Sc4., vol. 51, No. 9, 1907, p. 14, pl. 3, figs. 8, 9.
Guulinna fIctea (MoNTACr), var, ourlandi CusnMAN Hrdl OzAWA, Pror. U. 8. Nat.
Mu., vol. 77, art. 6, 1930, pl. 10, fig. 5.
This variety differs from t t typical form of tho Sl)pocis in its
attached charncier and in holing to the short forma son in the early
atnges of the typical form.
Tlhe single spoeitimon which undoubtedly belongs to this variety is
from Gully Sink, T. 2 N., R. 14 (?) W., Washington County.
tithor records for the variety are from the Late Tertiary and R.e
rent s(not of western anl southornm Europe.
Genus PYItULINA d'Orblgny, 1820
1'YRIrLINA ALUATROBB1 Cushman and O3 aW
Plnto 5, figures 17, 18
Pyrulina nalnMiroe CI(slMAN and OZAWA, Proc. U. S. Not. Mue., vol. 77, ,art. 6
1930, pl. 15, fgs. 1.3.
'rest elongate, fusiforut to cylindrical, auto at both onde; chambers
elontgated, much embracing, arranged in a triserial series, bocoming
bioerial later, but often one extra, rounded chamber added at the top
of the test, eacli succeeding chimbor slightly removed front the base;
sutures but little depressed, nearly vertical, generally distinct; wall
smooth, thin, almost transparent; aperture radiate.
Tite spooies is recorded at numerous Albaross stations in the
western Atlantic.
There are two typical speolmene.
Genue GLOBULINA d'Orbigny, 1826
GLOBULINA OIDBA d'Orbign
Plinl 5, figure 21
Globulina ibWa D'OaOlscN, Ann. Sel. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 277, No. 10, Modbles
No. 63; Foram. Fose. Base. Tort. Vienno 1846, p. 227, pl. 13, fige. 13, 14. [For
further references, see Cuilunun and Osawa, Proc. U. & Nat. Mm., vol. 77,
art. 6, 1930.]
Test globular to subglobular, tronsverse sootion almost circular;
chambers few, inflated, rounded, arranged in a nearly trisorial series;
sutures not depressed, generally clear; wall amooth, translucent, often
with fietuloe tubes, especially at the apertural end; aperture radiate.
This is a widely distributed species, especially in the Miocene and
earlier Tertiary. The opeeoiens are mostly from Walton County, but
it occurs rarely in Leon and Calhoun Countie.

FORAMINIFERA CHOCTAWIATCHEE FORMATION OF FLORIDA, 35
OLODULINA INABQUALIB Rasa
Plte 5, figure 22
Globultna iineqwuala ReusU, Delnkeelr. K, Akond Wis.. Wsn, vol. 1, 18S5, p. 377,
pl. 48, fig. 9 [For further referncr e to this ppekles, see Cuehnman and Ooawa,
roe. S. Nat. Mnu., vol. 77, nrt. 6, 1930,.1
Test ovate, more or less comprCesed, broadly rounded at the base,
tapering toward tle apex; chambers few, inflated, much overlapping,
arranged in a nearly triserial series; sutures vory slightly if at all
depressed, distinct; wall smooth, tranelucont; aperture radiate.
Tite is a widely distributed species, especially in the earlier Terti-
ary. There are rare specimens from Leon, Walton and Washington
Counties.

GLODULINA IOTUNDATA (1ornemrnn)
,, lato 5, figure 16
Guntdina rorlundata IlIouNuMAht Zikitst'hr. ldutiLH. eiol. Genell, vol. 7, 1855,
p. 34, pl. 18, fig . [For.furlthr rcferrnces to thiis spcies, woe Culunn 1hai nd
Ornwva, Proe, U. S. INt. Mus., voL. 77, art. 6, 1930.]
Test ollipsoilial or ovoid to cylindrical, rounded at the base,
slightly produced at the alprtunral ond; chambers rounded, almost
1a long t broall, arranged in a nearly triacrial series, each succeeding
chamber removed much farther from the base, rarely becoming al]
lmost unisorial in the last dhaimber; stiures but little depressed, gen-
orally distinct; wall smooth, thick, often with fistnlose tubes; aperture
radiate.
This species occurs at several st t ions in the Choetawhatchee marl,
all in Walton County.

Geniu P)SEU DOPOLYMORPIIINA Cumhmnn and Ozawa. 1928
PBSHUDtOPOLYMOR IPmNA DIIMlLKI (Cushman and Applln)
PlKle 6, figure 5
Poiymnorphina compresmu Q'OBluw, var. dirtfhlei CUrsitMAN andt APItiN, Bull.
Amer. Asnoe. Petr. Gol., vol. 10, 1926, p. 173, Ip. 9, fig. 4, 5.
Psaudopolymorlihina dumble CU41iMAN itind O.AWA, Proc. U. S. Nal. Mua., vol
77, art. 6, 1930, p1. 2S, figs. 1 a, b.
Test compressed, elongated, obtuse at the base, more or less acute
at the apertural end; chambers slightly longer tian wide, more or
lees compressed, much embracing, arranged at first in a nearly tri-
serial series becoming biserial lator; sutures but little depressed, dis-
tinct; wall smooth; aperture radiate.
Most of the records for tils special are from the American Eoeene,
but specimens seemingly identical occur in the Choctowhatchee marl
of Calhoun, Liberty and Walton Counties, Florida.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN FOUR.

PSEUDOPOLYMORPRINA RUTILA (Cushman)
Plate 5, figure 20
Polymorphina regina H. B. BRADY, PARKiE and JONEs, var. rutila CUStMAN, U. S.
Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 133, 1923, p. 34, pl. 5, figs. 7, 8.
Pseudopolymorphina ruila CUSIIMAN and OzAwA, Proc. U. S. Nat. MuG., vol. 77,
arn. 6, 1930, pl. 26, figs. 3 a, b.
Test compressed, elongate, fusiform, with a strong spine at the
base; chambers more or less elongated, not much embracing, alter-
itating; futures more or less depressed, distinct; wall marked with a
few strong, longitudinal costa; aperture radiate.
This species has previously been known from the Lower Oligocene
of Mississippi. It occurs in the Cloctawhatchee marl of Calhoun, Leon
and Washington Counties. The costa are somewhat variable in num-
her, but the general characters of the test are fairly constant.

Genus SIGMOMORPHINA Cushman and Ozawa, 1928
SIGMOMORPHINA WILLIAMBONI (Terquem)
Plate 6, figure 4
Polymorphina wiillinmsJoni T;lTQUe Memi. Soc. G6ol. Franre, scr. 3, vol. 1, 1878,
p. 37.
Sigmomorldna ilttiamnsoni CuiSHMAn and OZAWA, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 77,
art. 6, 1930, pl. 38, figs. 3, 4.
Polymvorphmia iactl WALKIR ard JASoe, var. oblong WILLIAMSON, Rcc. Foram.
Great BIritain, 1858, p. 71, pl. 6, igs. 149, 149a.
Test ovate to oblong, compressed, of nearly equal thickness, sides
nearly parallel, rounded at both ends; chambers elongated, embrac-
ing, arranged in a contra-clockwise, sigmoid series, each succeeding
chamber extending down to the base; sutures scarcely depressed, but
distinct; wall emooth, thin, nearly transparent; aperture long, radiate,
furnished with an entosolenian tube.
This species occurs especially as a recent form in the waters off
Western Europe. The only specimen is from the Choctawhatchee marl
on S. D. Johnson's place, near Woods, Liberty County, Florida.

Family NONIONIDAE
Genus NONION Montfort, 1808
NONION GRATELOUPI (d'Orblany)
Plate 6, figures 1.3
Nonionina grateloupi D'OamlcY, Ann. Si. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 294, No. 19; in
De nl Sagra, Hist. Fif. Pol. Nat. Cuba, 1839, "Foraminifires," p. 46, pl. 6,
figs. 5, 7.-FoRNASIN], Mom. Accad. Sci. Istit. Bologna, ear. 6, vol. 1, 1904,
p. 12, pl. 3, fig. 5.-CusHMAN, PubL. 291, Carnegie Instit. Washington, 1919,
p. 48; Proe. U. S. Nat. Mu.., vol. 59, 1921, p. 61, pl. 14, fge. 9.11; Publ. 311,
Carnegie Instit. Waslington, 1922, p. SS, pl. 9, figse. 7, 8; Publ. 344, 1926, p. 79;
Bull. 104, U. S. Nat Mue, pt. 7, 1929, p. 10, pl. 3, fige. 941; pl. 4, figs. 14.

FORAMINIFERA CHOCTAWHATCHEE FORMATION OF FLORIDA. 87

Nonlon r scapha CUSHMAN (not Fichttel and Moll), Bull. 103, U. S. Nat. Mu.,
1918, p. 73, pl. 25, fige. 6 a, 6; Bull. 676, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1918, p. 69, pl. 25,
fig. 2; p. 26, figs. 2, 3.
Test typically planispiral and bilaterally symmetrical but often
becoming somewhat trochold, mostly involute, in peripheral view the
sides nearly parallel, periphery rounded; chambers numerous, usually
ten to twelve in the last-formed coil in adults, chambers increasing
rapidly in length, especially in the last few chambers; sutures dis-
tinct, slightly depressed; wall smooth, finely perforate; aperture
small, at the base of the last-forned chamber, narrow.
Length up to 0.60 mm.; breadth 0.35 min.; thickness 0.20 mm.
This species was originally noted by d'Orbigny from the Miocene
of France, and afterward figured from the West Indian region where
it i common) I have recorded it from the Miocene of Cuba, Santo
Domingo, Panama and the Constal Plain of the United States. It
occurs in the Choctawhatchee marl in Calhoun, Leon, Liberty, and
Washington Counties.
There is a tendency for the specimens to become nsymmnetrical like
Nonionella.

ONION PIZARRINBIS Berry
Plate 6, figures 7, 8
Nonion piarremnsis BarY, Journ. Pal., vol, 1, 1927.192 (1928), p. 269, figs. 1.
(in toet)-.-CusIu AN aind KuLr.Ln, Proc. U. S Nat. Mus., vol. 75, art. 25,
1929, p. 4, pl. 1, figB. 10 a, F; pi. 2, figs. 1 a, b.
Noniotina depressula CUSIMAN (not Walker and Jacob), Bull. 103, U. S. Nat.
Muaa, 1918, p. 72, pl. 25, figs. 5 a, b.
Nonionina beoana CUsHMAN (not d'Orbigny), Bull. 676, U. S. Geol. Survey,
1918, p. 68, pi 25, fig. 3.
Test nearly bilaterally symmetrical, slightly longer than broad in
side view; periphery broadly rounded, umbilici depressed but not
usually open; chambers twelve to fifteen in the last-formed coil,
elongate, curved, the apertural face convex; sutures distinct, strongly
depressed at the inner end, becoming less so toward the periphery,
gently curved; wall smooth, polished, very finely perforate, often
roughened about the umbilicus; aperture elongate, at the base of the
apertural face, often slightly more extended on one side than the
other,
Length up to 0.60 mm.; breadth 0.45-0.50 mm.; thickness 0.22-
0,25 mm.
This species is very common on the West coast of South America
on the coast of Peru, occurs in the Miocene, Gatun formation, of
Panama, and is abundant in the Choctawhatchee marl of Walton
County.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN FOUR,

This and the preceding species will serve as good markers for the
division of these two areas.

NONION GLABRBILLA Cmshmmn, m. sp.
Plate 6, figures 6 a, b
Test planispiral, bilaterally symmetrical, periphery rounded, tend-
ing to become slightly uncoiled in the adult; chambers six or seven
in the coil, increasing rather rapidly in size in the adult, the slightly
uncoiled chambers much the largest; sutures distinct, later ones
somewhat open and limbate, very slightly curved; wall smooth and
highly polished, very finely perforate; aperture narrow, at the base
of the apertural face.
Length of holotype 0.30 mm.; breadth 0.20 mm.; thickness 0.10 nim.
Holotype-(Cat. No. 371070, U.S.N.M.). From Choetawhatchee
marl, from Old Coes Mill, about 1/ miles northwest of Hosford,
Liberty County. There are rare specimens also from Leon and Wash-
ington Counties.
With its tendency to uncoil, its highly polished surface and pe-
culiar sutures, this is a striking species.

Genus NONIONELLA Cushman, 1926
NIONONELLA AURIB (d'Orblgny)
Plate 7, figure 1 a-
Valvtdina auis D'ORtICNY, Voy. Amnr. M6rid, 1839, vol. 5, pt. 5, "Foraumitifbres,"
p. 47, pl. 2, figs. 15.17.
Nonionella aris CUSHMAN and K.LLErTT, Proc. U. S, Nat, Mus., vol. 75, art. 25,
1929, p. 5, pl. 1, Ag. 9; pl. 2, figs. 2, 3.
Test asymmetrical, slightly trochoid, the spire not raised, periphery
in the adult broadly rounded; chambers nine to eleven in the adult,
low and broad, very distinct, slightly inflated, in the adult with the
last-forrned chamber having an enlarged portion extending over the
umbilicus on the ventral side; sutures distinct, depressed, gently
curved; wall smooth, polished, very finely perforate; aperture at the
base of the last-formed chamber extending from the periphery ven-
trally, low and broad.
Maximum length, 0.40 mn.; breadth, 0.30 mm.; thickness 0.18 mm.
This is a common species on the west coast of South America, and
is common in the Choctawhatehee marl of Bay, Calhoun, Liberty and
Walton Counties.
It has more chambers than NonioneUa miocenica Cushman of the
Miocene of California.

FORAMINIFERA CHOCTAWHATCHEE FORMATION OF FLORIDA. 39

Genus ELPHIDIUM Montfort, 1808
ELPHIDIUM POBYANUM (d'Orbiny)
Plate 7, figures 3, 4
Polyaromella poeyana D'OtRB st in le In Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Not. Cuba, 1839,
"Foraminifbres," p. 55, pl. 6, figs. 25, 26.-CUsHMAIu Pahi. 311, Cnrnegie
Instit. Washinigton, 1922, p. 55, pl. 9, fige. 9, 10: Publ. 344, 1926, p. 79.
Efphidium poeyanumr CUSHMAN, Bull. 104, U. S Nnt. Mus., pt. 7, 1929, p. 25, pI. 10,
figs. 4, 5.
PolystomeUa striate-pwmctatn CiSHMAH (not Fichlel and Moll), Bull. 103, U. S.
Nat. Mus., 1918, p. 74, pl. 26, figs. 3, 4; Bull. 676, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1918,
pp. 19, 69. pl, 8, fg. 4; pl. 26, fig. 4 1?); pi. 27, fig. 2.-Prof. Paper 128B, U. S.
Geol. Survey, 1920, p. 71, pl. 11, fig. 17.
Teat of small size for the genus, strongly compressed, periphery
broadly rounded, margin slightly lobulate, sides nearly parallel in
peripheral view, umbilical regions slightly depressed; chambers aver-
aging ten to twelve in number in the last-formed coil but variable,
very slightly inflated, very distinct; sutures slightly depressed, marked
by the very islort, broad retral processes, averaging about fifteen in
number in recent specimens and less in bthe fossil ones; wall thin,
translucent, smooth, conspicuously but finely perforate; aperture
composed of a series of small, rounded openings at the base of the
apertural face.
Diameter up to 0.50 nrm.; thickness 0.20 mm.
This is a common species in the West Indian region where it was
described by d'Orbigny. It has been confused with E. striato-punctata
which is a very different species.
E. poeyanum occurs in the Pliocene and Miocene of the coastal
plain of the United States, of the Panama Canal zone, and the West
Indies. There are specimens from Leon, Liberty, Walton and Wash.
ington Counties.

ELPHIDIUM INCERTUM (Willimmnion)
Plate 7, fAgures 2 a, b
Polystomella u bilicatula, var. incerfa WillIAMBON, Rech Fornm. Great Britain,
1858, p. 44, pl. 3, fig. 82, 82a.
Elphidimn Icertum CUSHMAN, Bull. 104, U. S. Nst, Mue., pt. 7, 1929, p. 18, pl. 7,
figs. 4.9.
Test of small size for the genus, compressed, periphery broadly
rounded, margin entire or with the last two or three chambers lobu-
lated, umbilical regions slightly depressed, often with a slight knob
or irregularly arranged slits at the base of the sutures; chambers
few, usually less than ten in the last*formed coil, slightly inflated,
distinct; sutures distinct, mainly marked by the openings, retral
processes few, usually not more than five to seven; wall thick, usually

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN FOUR.

opaque; aperture composed of several small, rounded opening at
the boane of the apertural face.
Diameter 0,50 ranm.; thickness 0.23 nmm.
This is a common Atlantic species in cool waters.
Specimene nre conlmoni in the Choetawhatchleo marl occurring in
Calhoun, Leon, Liberty and Walton Counties, rare in the last.

RLPHIDIUM SAGRUM (dWOrblny)
Plato 7, figures 6 a, b
Prlystoannela sagrne TOnHR y, in he Ini Sugra, iels. Fif. Pol. Nat. Cuba, 1839,
"Forumnlifhreips, p. 55, p1. 6, fip*. 19, 20.-CtlsIMsAN, Bull. 103, U. S, Nnt. Mue.,
1918, p. 75, pl. 26, figa. 5 a, b ) Pnll. 291, Cirn6gle Iislit. Wasliigioni, 1919,
p. 49; U. S. CGol. Survey, Prof. Paper 1281, 1920, p. 71, pl. 11, fige. 20, 21.
Polyomernella larier CsuIIMAN (noi ld'Orbigny), U. S. Geol. Survoy, ProL Paper
1281, 1920, p. 72, pI. 11, fig. 22.
Elplidluns sngrurn CUSHIMAN, Bill. 104, U. S. Naut Mm ., pl. 7, 1929, p. 24, pl. 9,
gfis. 5.6.
Test of small size for the gene, periphery broadly rounded, margin
entire, not lobulate, sides cbnvex in peripheral view, the last-formed
portion wider than the earlier portions, umbilical regions somewhat
depresed; last-formed chnmbera slightly inflated, twelve to fifteen in
the last-formed coil; suture usually not depressed, mnrked by the
retral processes which are continuous over the earlier portion of the
test to form ridges slightly oblique to the periphery; wall fairly
thick, perforate; aperture composed of a series of sinall, rounded
openings at the base of the npertural face.
Diameter 0.50 mm.; thickness 0.30-0.35 mm.
This species was described by d'Orbigny from shore sands of Cubn
as rare. It is a widely distributed species in the West Indian region,
but apparently never occurs in any considerable numbers. It occurs
in the Miocene of Cuba and Santo Domingo, and the Ploistocene of
the Panama Canal zone. It is rare in the Choetawhatchee marl, occur-
ring as rare specimens in Walton County only.

ELPHIDIUM ADVENUM (Cuihman)
Plate 7, figure 7 a, b
Polystomrell subnodosa H. B. Batl v (not v. MUneter), Rep. Voy. Challenger,
Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 734, pl. 110, figs. 1 a, b.-CusHMAN, Bull. 676, U. S.
Geol. Survey, 1918, p. 70, p. 27, figs. 6 a, b; Prof. Paper 128B, 1920, p. 71,
pl. 11, flg. 18.
Polystomella adwna CUBIIMAN, Publ. 311, Carnegie Insit. Washington, 1922, p. 56,
pi. 9, fig. 11, 12; Publ. 342, 1924, p. 481 Publ. 344, 1926, p. 80.
Elphidium advenm CusuHMA, Bull, 104, U. S. Nat. Mu1., pt. 7, 1929, p. 5, p1. 10,
figs. 1. 2.

FORAMIN1FERA CHOCTAWHATCHIEE FORMATION OF FLORIDA. 41

PolystomefllE crisji CUSHMAN (not I.ini6), Buil. 676, L. S. Geol. Survey, 1918,
p. 69, pI. 27, fiag. 1, 4, 5; Prof. 'Pper 12811, 1920, p. 71, pl. II, ig, 19.
Teot of medium size for the genus, strongly compressed, periphery
acute, with a narrow carina, often somewhat lobulate, seden nearly
parallel in peripheral view, umbilical regions depressed, often will
a saull, central, clear boea; chambers distinct, ten to fifteen in the
last-formed coil, sliglitly inflated, especially the later onee; sutures
inauilly depr"eId and the chamber wall between them raised; wall
distinctly perforate; apcrltrc coimiposeid of a few pores at the I)Bme
of the apertural face.
Ditnmeter up to 0.50 inmi. or inore; thickness 0.15 nmm,
This is a connnon speics in thie West Indian region both recent
and fossilL There is considerable variation in the inflation of the
chambers and in the relative width of the chambers and the area
occupied by the retrnl lprocesses. In tihe Choctawhatchee marl, it oc-
enra in Bay, Calhoun, Leon, Liberty and Walton Countics, often
abundant in the latter about Red Bay.

ELPllIDIUM p ?
Plnto 7, figure 5 a, b
There are numerous specimens like that figured, from the inarl at
E. Gomillion's place near Red Bay, Walton County. There are traces
of irera l proei eass in the last few chambers but they eeom never to
be well developed.

Family HETEROIELICIDAE
Subfamily Pnvonininoa
Genus PAVONINA d'Orbigrny, 1826
PAVONINA Wsp
There is a single incomplete specimen in the collection which
probably represents a very beautiful new species of this genus, but no
further specimens have been found. There is not enough of this apeci-
men to give the complete specific characters.

Subfamily Plectofrondiculariinae
Genus PLECTOFRONDICULARIA Liebus, 1903
PLICTOFPONDICULARIA FLORIDANA Cus~hmn, n. ap.
Plato 8, figure I
Test elongate, tapering, greatest width toward the apertural end,
strongly compressed, sides keeled, tricarinate, early portion of the
flattened sides with a single median coata; chambers numerous, very
distinct, increasing in height toward the apertural end; sutures very
distinct, slightly depressed, each half somewhat sigmoidally curved,

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN FOUR.

slightly limbate; wall smooth except for the median costa; aperture
elliptical, terminal.
Length of holotype 0.80 mm.; breadth 0.25 mm.; thickness 0.08

Hofotype--(Cat. No. 371071, U.S.N.M.). From Choctawhatchee
marl, E. Gomillion's place, A mile east of Red Bay, Walton County,
collected by W. C. Mansfield. It also occurs on the John Anderson
farm, % mile east of Red Bay, and in the lowest feosiliferous bed on
Jim Kennedy Branch, 1 mile east of Red Bay, both in Walton County,
and at Darling's Slide, about 21/ miles, airline, southeast of Clarke-
ville, Calhoun County.
This species is elesely related to P. californica Cushman and Stew-
art from the Pliocene of California. That species has broader and
less oblique sutures in the adult, and its early stages in this respect
are much like the Florida species. When they are seen together, it is
very easy to separate the two.

Family BULIMINIDAE
Subfamily Turrilininae
Genus BULIMINELLA Cushman, 1911
BULIMINELLA ELEGANT1SSIMA (d'Otblany)
Plate 8, fitures 2, 3
Bulimina elepantidsinmr I'OtnlECY,, Voy. AmAr. Mnricl., 1839, vol. 5, No. 5, "Fortm-
intfrrcs," p. 51, pi. 7, figs. 13, 14--ScHLUMBEumRGB, Fouille Jeun. Nat., vol, 12,
1882, p. 8, pl. 1, fig. 14.--4. B, BRAnY, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9,
1884, p. 402, pl. 50, figs. 20.22.--SIDiOTTOM, Meo. Proc. Manchester IAt. Philos,
Soc., vol. 49, No. 5, 1905, p. II, pl. 2, ig. 6.
Btuiminellfa elegantiusma CUSHMAN, Bull. 71, U. S. Nut. Mus, pt. 2, 1911, p. 89;
Proc. U. S. Nt. Mus., vol. 56, 1919, p. 606; Contr. Cusluman Lal. Form. Res,
vol. 1, pt. 2, 1925, p. 40, pi. 6. fip;. S n, b.--Cusi MAN nit d KELLTT, Proe U. S.
Nnt. Mue, vol. 75, ar. 25, 1929, p. 6, pi. 3, iga. 1-3.
Test elongate, spiral, making about three volutions, initial end
pointed, much more so in the inierospheric form; chambers numer-
ous, seven to ten in the last-formed whorl, narrow, slightly inflated;
sutures distinct, slightly curved, very slightly depressed; wall smooth,
finely perforate; aperture elongate, narrow, somewhat enlarged to-
ward the middle of the apertural face.
Length up to 0.40 mmn.; diameter 0.12-0.15 mm.
Specimens are very abundant in some of the collections and very
rare or wanting in others. There are specimens from Bay, Calhoun,
Leon, Liberty, Walton and Washington Counties.

FORAMINIFERA CHOCTAWHATCHEE FORMATION OF FLORIDA. 43
BULIMINELLA CURTA Cashman
Plate 8, figure 4
ButimineU4 curta CusuIAN, Conlr. Cusalnim Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 1, pt. 2, 1925,
p. 33, pl. 5, fig. 13.
Test an elongate spiral, tapering or fusiform, initial end rounded
thence rapidly increasing in diameter until well toward the apertural
end, periphery slightly lobulate, spiral suture well marked; chambers
numerous, five or six making up a whorl in the adult, distinct, in-
flated; sutures distinct, slightly depressed; wall smooth, very finely
perforate; aperture conma-shaped in a slightly concave depression
of the last-formed chamber.
Length up to 0.55 nm.; diameter 0.20 mm.
This species was originally described from the Miocene, Monterey
shale of California. Most of the Florida specimens are like the orig-
inal figure with the greatest width toward the apertural end, but
there are a few evidently old age specimens in both regions like that
figured here in which the later chambers fail to increase the diameter
of tie test. All the specimens are from near Red Bay, Walton County.

Genus BULIMINA d'Orbigny, 1826
BULIMINA GRACILIS Cushman, n. sp.
Plate 8, figures 5 a, &
Test elongate, slender, of nearly uniform diameter for most of its
length, about 31/ times as long as wide in the adult; chambers gen-
erally triscrial, inflated; sutures distinct, depressed; wall smooth,
polished; aperture elongate, narrow.
Length 0.60 uim.; diameter 0.18.0.20 imnm.
lolotype--(Cat. No. 371072 U.S.N.M.). From Choctawhatchee
maril, E. Gomillion's place, 1/ mile east of Red Bay, Walton County.
It is very abundant at other stations cast of Red Bay, but does not
occur in the other counties so far as observed.
This is an unusual form of Brdimina, in that there is a tendency to
become somewhat biserial and to have the aperture drawn away from
the periphery toward the center of the face, but it does not become
truly terminal.

BULIMINA INFLATA eszuensa
Plate 8, figures 6 a, b
RBlimina inflata SzEcNzA, Ali Accad. Gioenia Sci. Nat., ser, 2, vol. 18, 1862,
p. 109, pL 1, fig. 10. [For further references to this species, see Cushmon, Bull.
104, U. P at, Mua., pt 3, 1922, p. 93, pl. 21, fig. 1.]
Test short, broadest usually above the middle; sutures much de.
pressed; chambers overhanging at the basal edge; upper portion of
the test smooth, lower portion with distinct costae growing in thick-

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN FOUR.

neas toward the basal margin and there ending in stout spines; apical
end usually with a stout acicular spine; wall thick.
Length 0.50 mm.; breadth 0.25-0.30 mm.
Scattered specimens occur in material from Leon, Liberty and
Walton Counties.
Genus VIRGULINA d'Orbigny, 1826
VIRGULINA GUNTEMR Cabman
Plate 9, figures 1, 2
Virgulina floridana CUSHMAN, Contr. Cuslimat Lab. Foram. Rea, vol. 5, 1929,
p. 54, pl. 9, figs. 7-10 (not V. floridana Cusiman, 1920).
Virgduina gwmteri CUSHMAN, Conir. Cuslhman Lab. Fornm. Res., vol. 5, 1929, p.
105.
Test two or three times as long as broad, early portion triserial,
later chambers irregularly biserial, sides in the adult nearly.parallel,
greatest width typically at or below the middle; later chambers not
greatly inflated; sutures distinct, marked by a row of depression
between the processes that extend backward from the margins of the
later-formed chamber; wall smooth, finely perforate; aperture elon-
gate, narrow, extending from the inner margin of the chamber well
toward the apex.
Length up to 0.60 mm.; breadth 0.20 mm.; thickness 0.18 mm.
The types of this species are from the Choctawhatchee marl of
Walton County. It is abundant at the stations in Walton and Bay
Counties, and very rare in Calhoun and Leon Counties.
The species is close to V. pertusa Reuss from the Miocene and
Pliocene of western Europe. The Florida species is much smaller and
more slender.
VIRGULINA PUNCTATA d'Orbiny
Plate 8, fIuree 7 a, b
Virgulina punctata D'OAneIGY, in Do lI Sagra, Hist Fit. Pol. Nat. Cuba, 1839,
"Foraminifbres," p. 139, pl. 1, igs. 35, 36.-CusnMAn, Publ. 291, Carnegie
Jnstit. Washington, 1919, p. 35; Proc. U. S. Nat. Mu,, vol 59, 1921, p. 52, pl. 11,
fig. 15; Publ, 311, Carnegie Instit. Walshington, 1922, p. 31, pl. 3, fig. 9; Bull.
104, U. S. Nat. Mus, pt. 3, 1922, p. 117.
VirguUna sqnamosa CUSHMAN (not d'Orbigny), Bull. 103, U. S, Nat. Mum., 1918,
p. 58, pl. 21, fig. 6.
Test elongate, compressed, fusiform, broadest near the middle,
initial end bluntly pointed; chambers numerous, earliest ones tri-
serial, later ones biserial, inflated; sutures distinct, slightly depressed;
wall smooth, punctate; aperture elongate.
Length 0.60 mm.; breadth 0.20 mm.; thickness 0.10 mm.
Specimens are rare in the Choctawhatchee marl, but occur at scat-
tered stations in Bay, Calhoun, Liberty, Walton and Washington
Counties.

FORAMINIFERA CHOCTAWHATCHEE FORMATION OF FLORIDA. 45

The species is a common one in the general West Indian region,
and is known from the Miocene of the gorge of the Yumuri River,
Matanzas, Cuba, and from the Miocene, Gatun formation of the Pan-
ama Canal zone.

VIRGULINA FUB1FORMIB Cuhman, n. sp.
Plate 8, figures 8 a, b
Test small, somewhat compressed, fusiform, greatest breadth at
about the middle, ends bluntly pointed; chambers distinct, earliest
ones triserial, later ones biserial, inflated; sutures very slightly de.
pressed; wall smooth, very finely perforate; aperture elliptical, very
small at the upper end of tihe test, reaching the inner margin of the
chamber.
Length 0.30 mm.; breadth 0.12 nmn.; thickness 0.08 mm.
Holotype-(Cat. No. 371073, U.S.N.M.). From Choctawhatchee
marl of lower bed at Alum Bluff on the Apalachicola River, Liberty
County. The species is common at this locality and occurs also on
Harveys Creek, Leon County.
This is a peculiar little species, but with its characters held very
constantly in the large series of specimens. The fusiform shape with
pointed ends, and very mall aperture are characteristic.

Genus BOLIVINA d'Orbigny, 1839
BOLIVINA MARGINATA Cushmian
Plate 8, figures 9 a, 6
BoUlvina marginata CUSHMAN, Bull. 676, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1918, p. 48, pi. 10,
fig. 1; Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Re., vol. 1, 1925, p. 30, pl. 5, figs. 5 a,b.
Test much compressed, of medium lize for the genus, periphery
acute, keeled throughout or sometimes obsolete at the apertural end;
sutures usually distinctly limbate, oblique; chambers numerous, dis-
tinct, seven or eight chambers making up the last half of the test,
earlier ones long and narrow, later ones much higher; wall thin,
rather coarsely perforate, surface smooth; aperture elongate, narrow.
Length usually less than 1 nnm.; breadth 0.25-0.30 mm.; thickness
0.12-0.15 mm.
The species was originally described from the Choctawhatchee
marl from 1 mile south of Red Bay. It occurs at the various stations
in Walton County about Red Bay and also on Bryant Scott's farm
near bridge at Econfina, Bay County. The species occurs also in the
Miocene, Monterey shale, of California.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-fULLETIN FOUR.

BOLIVINA MARGINATA Cushtoa, vWr. MULTICOfTATA Cuhman
Plate 8, figure 13, 14
Botivina anaarimsis (COSTA), var. mulicoatura CUSHMANu, Bull 676. U. S. Geol.
Survey, 1918, p. 48, pL 10, fig. 2.
Variety differing from the typical in the ornamentation of the
test which consists of a series of longitudinal costae of varying lengths.
This was originally described as a variety of Bolivina aerwriensis,
but the variety occurs with the typical smooth form at almost every
station where it occurs. The figures show extremes of variation in the
costa.

BOLIVINA FLORIDANA Coshman
Plate 8, fiures IS a, b
Rdlivina poridana CUSIiMAN, Bull. 676, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1918, p. 49, pl. 10,
fig. 4.
Test elongate, slightly compressed, gradually tapering within the
greatest width near the apertural end, periphery broadly rounded;
chambers numerous, somewhat inflated; sutures indistinct except
near the apertural end; the base of each chamber prolonged into
lobular processes across the sutures, the intermediate areas deeply
excavated; wall coarsely perforate; aperture elongate.
Length up to 0.70 mm.; breadth 0.20-0.25 mm.; breadth 0.10.0.12
311111.
This species was originally described from the Choctawhatclec
mar) of Red Bay. It is abundant in the phase of the marl developed
about Red Bay in Walton County, and there are specimens from
Bryant Scott's farm, near the bridge at Econfina, Bay County. It has
therefore almost the same distribution at B. narginata.

BOLIVINA PLICATELLA Cumnlan, a. sp.
Plate 8, ggures 10 a, 6
Test small, short and broad, compressed, greatest width near the
apertural end, periphery subacute; chambers except the last two ob-
scured by the ornamentation which also obscures the sutures; wall
ornamented by two distinct longitudinal ridges, rounded or sharp,
connected between with transverse ridges, coinciding partially with
the chambers, leaving the whole surface broken into series of irregular
depressions, coarsely perforate; aperture elongate.
Length 0.25-0.30 mm.; breadth 0.120.15 mm.; thickness 0.060.08

Holotype-(Cat. No. 371074, US.N.M.). From Choctawhatchee
marl, from cut in road leading to Watson's Landing, Apalachicola
River, Liberty County.

FORAMINIFERA CHOCTAWHATCHEE FORMATION OF FLORI)A. 47

The species also occurs rarely in Calhoun, Leon and Liberty Coun-
ties. This is very close to if not identical with the species now living
off the coasts of Australia which has been referred to Bolivina plicata
d'Orbigny, but is very different from that. A similar form occurs also
on the coasts of Europe.

IHOLIVINA PULCHELLA d'Orbigry, var, PRIMITIVA Cushman, n. var.
Plato 8, figures 12 a, 6
Variety differing from the typical in the few bieerial chambers,
averaging two to four and the large number of triserial chambers
which make up half of the test; wall coarsely perforate.
Length of figured specimen 0.35 mm.; breadth 0.20 mm.; thick-
ness 0.10 nmn.
Holotype of variety-(Cat. No. 371075, U.S.N.M,). Front Choctaw-
hatchee marl, collected on S. D. Johnsoh's place near Woods, Liberty
County. The variety also occurs rarely in Leon and Washington
Counties.
There are a few single specimens of Bolivina of which we need
more material before referring them to definite species.

Genus LOXOSTOMUM Ehrenberg, 1854
LOXOSTOMUM GUNTERI Cwashmn, na. p.
Plate 8, figure 11 a, b
Test elongate, tapering, greatest breadth near the apertural end,
only slightly compressed, periphery rounded; chambers and autures
somewhat obscured by the ornamentation of the surface consisting
of fine longitudinal costae often somewhat broken; aperture narrow
elliptical, terminal in the adult.
Length up to 0.50 mm.; breadth 0.20 mm.; thickness 0.10.0.12 mm.
Holotype-(Cat. No. 871076, U.S.N.M.). From Choctawhatchee
marl of E. Gomillion's place, 12 mile east of Red Bay, Walton County.
There are specimens also from Jim Kennedy Branch, 1 mile east of
Red Bay, but it was not found in the collections from the remainder
of the area represented.
The shape, ornamentation and position of the aperture will dis.
tinguish the species which is named for Mr. Herman Gunter, State
Geologist of Florida.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL- SURVEY-BULLETIN FOUR.

Subfamily Reuasiinae
Genus REUSSIA Sehwager, 1877
REUSSIA SPINULORA (Rewm)
Plate 8, figures 17 a. b
Vernelneina spinulosa Rsuss, Denkichr. Akad. Wise, Wien, voL 1, 1850, p. 374,
pl. 47, fi. 12. [For refernees to this species, see Cushman, Bull. 104, U. S.
Nut. Muo., pt. 3, 1922, p. 60.]
ReuVsia spinulosa SCHwAcm, Boll. Con. Geol, Ial., vol. 8, 1877, p. 26, pl., Ag.
66.-CuSHMAN and KELLETT, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mue., vol. 75, art. 25, 1929, p. 9,
pl. 3, figa 10 a, b.
Test pyramidal, three sided, triangular in transverse section, the
sides flat or slightly concave, the initial end acutely pointed; initial
end and angles of chambers often with sharp spines; walls of medium
thickness, hyaline, or in some cases thickened and rough, perforate,
smooth or granular; apertural end of test bluntly angled, the edges
of the chambers thickened; aperture a curved slit at the base of the
inner edge of the chamber.
Length up to 0.75 mm.; diameter 0.40 mm,
Specimens are not usually common, but were obtained in the col-
lections from Bay, Leon, Liberty, Walton and Washington Counties.
The final chamber is usually thin and most of the fossil specimens
are broken at the tip.

Genus CHRYSALIDINELLA Schubert, 1907
CHRYSALIDINELLA PULCHWLLA (Cushman)
Plate 8, figures 16 a, b
Chrysalidina pulchell CusulIzAN, Bull. 103, U. S. Nat. Mum., 1918, p. 54, pi. 20,
figs. 2 Oc.
Test elongate, gently tapering, broadest at the apical end, triangu-
lar in transverse section, early portion triserial, later uniserial; chani.
hers distinct, not inflated; sutures distinct, slightly raised and limbate,
curved; wall smooth but coarsely perforate; aperture formed of
numerous rounded openings on the terminal face, each at the end
of a mall papilla.
Length of figured specimen 0.40 mm.; diameter 0.25 mm.
This species was previously described from the Miocene, Gatun
formation, of the Panama Canal zone. It occurs in the Choctawhatchee
marl of Jim Kennedy Branch, I mile east of Red Bay, Walton County,
and from S. D. Johnson's place, near Woods, Liberty County.
In this species, the chambers are much higher than in the recent
species, C. dimorpha (H. B. Brady), and the sutures are much more
prominent.

FORAMINIFERA CHOCTAWHATCHEE FORMATION OF FLORIDA, 49

Subfamily Uvigerininae
Genus UVIGERINA d'Orbigay, 1826
UVICGRINA cl. PIGMBA d'Orbliny
Plate 9, iguares 34
The four specimens figured show somewhat of the range of varia-
tion in the species of the Choctawhatchee marl which may be referred
tentatively to this species of d'Orbigny. It is unlike any of the recent
material now living off the coast. The Uvigerinas are so variable and
in such a state of chaos that reference to type material with large
series must be made before very intelligent work can be done in
straightening out this group.

UVIGERINA AUDERIANA d'Otrbmn
Plate 9, fiAure 7
Uvigerina arsberiana D'ORDIGNv, In De In Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba, 1839,
"Fornmlnifkrea," p. 106, pl. 2, figL 23, 24,-CuvsnAw, Bull. 104, U. S. Nat.
Mui pt, 4, 1923, p. 163, pl. 42, fig. 3, 4.
Test elongate, rapidly tapering from the narrow baee to the great-
eat breadth somewhat above the middle, periphery lobulate; cham-
bers inflated, sutures depressed, distinct; wall ornamented with
closely-set, fine, spinose projections, the last-formed chamber often
smoother; apertural end in the adult tapering, with an elongate, cylin-
drical neck and phialine lip.
Length up to 0.75 mm.; diameter 0.30-0.AO mm.
Specimens are rare and were only found from Walton County,
lowest fossiliferous bed on Jim Kennedy Branch about 1 mile east of
Red Bay and from John Anderson's farm, 3% mile east of Red Bay.
The species was described by d'Orbigny from the West Indian region,
but is not common.

Genus SIPHOGENERINA Schlumberger, 1883
SIPHOGENERINA LAMELLATA Cuhlunma
Plate 9, fire 10
Siphogenerina lameUlata CUSHMAN, Bull 616, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1918, p. 5S,
pl. 12, fig. 3; Proe. U. S. Nat. Mua., vol. 67, art. 25, 1926, p. 10, pl. 1, fig. 13.
Test elongate, tapering gradually from the initial end, broadly
rounded at the apertural end; chambers comparatively few, some-
what indistinct, surface ornamentation consisting of several equidis-
tant, longitudinal lamellae extending the length of the test and fusing
at the initial end; aperture with a tubular neck and phialine lip.
Length up to 1 mm.; diameter 0.45 mm.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN FOUR.

This species was described from the Choctawhatchee marl, from
I mile south of Red Bay. It has occurred in some numbers in the
more recent collections from Walton County, but was not found in
material from the other counties, and should be a good marker for
this phase of the marl.
The type specimen is an extreme one, and the costae are not always
as high as our present figure shows.

Genus ANGULOGERINA Cushman, 1927
ANCULOGBRINA OCCIDENTALIB (Cmihman)
Plate 9, figures B, 9
Uvigerina angulosa CUSHMAN (not Williamson), Pub]. 311, Carnegie Instit. Wash-
ington, 1922, p. 34, pl. 5, figs. 3, 4.
Uvigerina occidentatls CUSHMAN, Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 4, 1923. p. 169.
Test minute, elongate, triangular in transverse section, the pe*
riphery somewhat lobulate; chambers distinct, those of the last-
formed portion becoming more distinct and remote; sutures distinct
and depressed; wall ornamented with longitudinal costae on all but
the last-formed chambers in the adult; apertural end drawn out into
a short tubular neck and slight phialine lip.
Length usually less than 0.50 mm.; diameter 0.15-0.20 mm.
This species is common in the West Indian region at the present
time, and probably derived from Angulogerina byramensis Cushman
of the Lower Oligocene of the Coastal Plain region. It shows much
variation in its ornamentation from heavily costate specimens to
nearly smooth ones as shown in the figures.
Specimens are fairly common in the Choctawhatchee marl of Cal-
houn, Leon, Walton and Washington Counties.

Family ELLIPSOIDINIDAE
Genus ELLIPSOLAGENA A. Silvestri, 1923
ELLIPBOLAGBNA BIDBNS Cushinman n* aup
Plate 9, figures 11 a, b
Test slightly longer than broad, body of the test somewhat ovate,
apertural end produced but broadly rounded, basal end typically
with two short rounded projections near together in the median line,
test in end view broadly elliptical; wall smooth; aperture an elongate
slit, slightly more open on one side than the other.
Length up to 0.28 mm.; breadth 0.18 mm.; thickness 0.15 mm.
Holotype-(Cat. No. 371077, U.S.N.M.). From Choetawhatchee
marl of Bryant Scott's Farm, 14 mile above mouth of branch entering
Econfina Creek, near the bridge at Econfina, Bay County, collected

FORAMINIFElA CHOCTAWHATCHEE FORMATION OP FLORIDA. 51

by Julia A. Gardner. It is common in Bay and Walton Counties, and
rare in Liberty County.
There is considerable variation in the base which may lack the
projections in some specimens, otherwise the characters are constant.

Family ROTALIIDAE
Subfamily Spirillininae
Genus SPIRILLINA Ehrenberg, 1841
SPIRILLINA ORBICULARIS Buan
Plate 9, figures 12 a. b
SpiriUina orbicrdaris BAcq, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol 2, No. 10, 1898, p. 33 (327),
pl. 2 (22), figs. 2 A-c-CUSHMAN, Dull. 616, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1918, p. SB,
pl. 14, fig. 1.
Test planispirally coiled, the coils increasing in diameter as added,
periphery broadly rounded, ventral aide with rows of beads more or
less following the coils, dorsal side with a row of pits along the
.sutures; aperture arched, comparatively narrow.
Diameter about 0.50 mm.
Bagg described this species from the Miocene, Yorktown formation,
of Yorktown, Va., and I recorded a specimen from the Miocene,
Duplin marl of Mayesville, S. C.
The figured specimens are from Jim Kennedy Branch, about 1 mile
east of Red Bay, Walton County, and there is a single specinlen from
Jackson Bhlff, left bank of Ocklockee River, Leon County.

Subfamily Discorbisinae
Genus DISCORBIS Lamarck, 1804
DISCORBIS ROBACiA (d'Orbfiny)
Plate 9, figures 13 a-c
otralia rosacea I'ORBIGNY, Ann. Sci. Nat, vol 7, 1826, p. 273, No. 15.
DLcorbina rosacea JONEs, PAlKER and H. B. BaAuY, Foram. Crag., 1866, pl. 4,
fig. 17.-H. B. BnApY, Rep Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884, p. 644, pl.
89, figa. 1, 4.
Dihorbia rosacea CUStUMAN, Bull. 71, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 5, 1915, p. 13, fig. 13 (in
text) ; Bull. 676, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1918, p. 59, pl. 14, fig, 4.
Test plano-convex, dorsal side convex, ventral aide flattened or
slightly concave; chambers numerous, but five forming the last adult
whorl, much elongated in the adult; sutures very obliquely curved,
in the early stages on the dorsal side slightly limbate; wall smooth,
finely perforate; aperture ventral, elongate.
Diameter up to 1.10 mii.
There are specimen from Leon, Liberty and Walton Counties.
The figured specimen is an especially large fine one, the usual run
of specimens being not more than half this size.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN FOUR.

DISCORBIS SUBARAUCANA Cusuhant
Plate 10, figures 1 a-
Discorbis sbaraucana CUSHMAN, Publ. 311, Carnegie Inelit. Washington, 1922,
p. 41, pl. 7, fig. 1, 2.
Discorbis bertheloti CUSHMAN (not d'Orbigny), Hull. 676, U. S. Geol. Survey,
1918, p. 58, pl. 15, figs. 13.
Test unequally biconvex, dorsal side somewhat arched, the ventral
side slightly convex, flattened or even somewhat concave, periphery
not lobulated, composed of about two and a half whorls; chambers
distinct, six to eight in the adult whorl, slightly inflated; sutures
oblique, curved, earlier ones on the dorsal side, limbate, less so on the
ventral side; wall perforate, smooth; aperture at the base of the
ventral side of the last-formed chamber, narrow.
Diameter up to 0.40 mm.; thickness 0.12-0.15 mim.
This species is widely distributed in the present waters of the West
Indian region, and is the most common species of the genus in the
Choctawhatchee marl of Florida, and occurs in the Miocene of the
Coastal Plain northward.
There are specimens from Calhoun, Leon, Liberty, Walton and
Washington Counties.

DIBCORBIS M1BR Cushman
Plate 10, figures 2 a-c
Discorbis mira CusHMAN, Pubhl 311, Carnegio Instit. Washington, 1922, p. 39,
pl. 6, figs. 10, l.
Test trochoid, plano-convex, dorsal side forming a low cone, ven-
tral side flattened and very slightly convex, periphery subacute;
chambers distinct, not inflated; sutures on the dorsal side limbate,
strongly oblique, curved, ventrally somewhat depressed, nearly radial;
wall coarsely perforate, smooth; aperture an elongate, slightly arched
slit at the ventral margin.
Diameter up to 0.65 ant.
Specimens of this species which is so common in the present waters
off Florida are rare in the Choetawhatchee marl. The only specimens.
are from Leon and Liberty Counties. This species with its neat, flaring
cone, strongly curved, limbate sutures and coarse perforations is dis-
tinct from any other species of the genus in the collection. It is.
probable that the specimen referred to D. vilardeboana (Cushman,.
Bull. 676, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1918, p. 14, pl. 3, fig. 1) is this species.

DISCORBIS VILARDEBOANA (d'Orblfny)
Plate 10, figure 3 a-c
Rosalina vilardeabona n'OmnBINY, Voy. Amir. Mlrid, 1839, vol. 5, pt. 5, "Forani-
niftree," p. 44, pl. 6, figa 13-15.

FORAMINIFERA CHOCTAWHATCHEE FORMATION OF FLORIDA. 53

Discorbis vilhrdeboana CUslMAN, Bull. 71, 0. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 6, 1915, p. 14,
pl. 9, ig. 2; pl. 15, fig. 4; fig. 14 fin text); Bull. 676, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1918,
p. 58, pl. 14, igs. 3.5.
Test plano-convex, dorsal side rather evenly convex, ventral side
flattened or slightly concave, umbilicate, periphery rounded; chana-
bers distinct, inflated, five to seven in the adult whorl, the last
chamber occupying nearly one-third of the ventral side; sutures dis-
tinct, slightly curved, only slightly depressed; wall distinctly per-
forate, smooth; aperture a narrow slit on the ventral side of the
chamber.
Diameter up to 0.50 11n1.
The rounded periphery and few chambers will distinguish this
species in the present collections. Specimens were obtained in collec-
tions from Calhoun, Leon and Liberty Counties.

DISCORDOB CONSOBRINA (d'Orblgny)
Plate 10, figures 4 ae
Rosalina consobrina D'OaSI;NY, Voy. Aminr. Mirid., 1839, vol. 5, pt. 5, "Fornmi.
nifires," p. 46, pl. 7, figs. 4-6.
Dscorbis consobrina CusH-uMAN aind K-r.iirr, Prof. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 75, art. 25,
1929, p. 10, pl. 4, figs. 1, 2.
Test biconvex, the dorsal side more strongly so, ventral side de-
pressed in the umbilical region, periphery rounded; chambers five
to seven in the last-formed whorl, distinct, regularly increasing in
size as added, slightly inflated, on the ventral side ending in distinct
angles at the umbilical end; futures distinct, on the dorsal side
oblique, very slightly curved, very little if at all depressed, on the
ventral side slightly curved, nearly radial, depressed; wall smooth,
distinctly perforate; aperture below the distinct lip on the ventral
side of the chamber and extending into the umbilical region.
Diameter 0.30 mm.; height 0.22 mm.
This species was described from the west coast of South America
where it is a common species. It occurs in very typical form in the
Choctawhatchee marl in Calhoun, Leon and Liberty Counties.

DISCORBIS VALVULATA (d'Orbiany)
Plate 10, figures 5 a-c
Rosalina vnlvutlaa t'OtmnNy, Ann. Sci. Not., vol. 7, 1826, p. 271, No. 4; in Burker,
Webb and Berthelot, Hist. Nut. hsles Canuries, 1839, vol. 2, pt. 2, "Forami.
nirea," p. 136, pi. 2, rigs. 1921; in De la SaBra, Hist, Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba,
1839, "Foraminiifres," p. 96, pl. 3, figs, 21423.
Dicorbis ualmlata Cusnumas, Proc. U. S. Nat. MuL, vol. $9, 1921, p. 59, pl. 14,
figs. 4, 5; Pub.l 344, Carnegie Instit Woahington, 1926, p. 78.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY--BULLETIN FOUR.

Test trochoid, plano-convex, very slightly convex dorsally, on the
ventral side flattened or slightly concave, periphery rounded and
thickened into a blunt keel; chambers distinct, few, about five mak-
ing up the adult whorl; sutures curved strongly on the dorsal side,
limbate but not depressed, ventrally sinuous, not limbate; wall
coarsely perforate, smooth; aperture low, at the base of the last.
formed chamber.
Length about 0.50 mm.; breadth 0.45 mm.; thickness 0.12-0.15 nmm.
This species is rare in the West Indies at the present time, and a
single specimen was found from the lower bed at Alum Bluff, Apa-
lachicola River, Liberty County.
The peculiar ventral side, rounded, keeled periphery and strictly
limbate suturea will distinguish the species.

Genus VALVULINERIA Cushman, 1926
VALVULINERIA FLORIDANA Cushmant a. sp.
Plate 10, figures 6 ac
Test biconvex, somewhat involute on the dorsal side, almost com-
pletely so on the ventral side, periphery rounded, earlier portion
somewhat angled: chambers inflated, especially on the ventral side,
very distinct; sutures distinct, nearly radial, only slightly curved, not
limbate; wall smooth, polished; aperture below the distinct, plate-
like extension of the umbilical end of the chamber.
Length 0.45 mm.; breadth 0.35 mm.; thickness 0.15 inni.
Holotype-(Cat. No. 371078, U.S.N.M.). From Choctawhatchee
marl of Bryant Scott's Farm, 14 mile above mouth of branch entering
Econfina Creek, near the bridge at Econfina, Bay County, collected
by Julia A. Gardner. The species is abundant at the type locality
and also at the various stations in Walton County, but not else-
where.
It has a highly polished test, strongly unbilicate with distinct fap-
like extensions over the aperture.

Subfamily Rotaliinae
Genus EPONIDES Montfort, 1808
EPONIDES MANSFIELDI Cushman, n. *p.
Plate 11, figures 1 a.c
Test trochoid, biconvex, close-coied throughout, all chambers vis-
ible from dorsal side, last whorl completely involute ventrally, pe-
riphery acute, bluntly keeled; chambers distinct, slightly inflated on
the ventral side, about nine in the adult whorl; sutures distinct, on
the dorsal side limbate and usually raised, confluent with the keel
and spiral suture, oblique, ventrally depressed, nearly radial; wall on

FORAMINIFERA CHOCTAWHATCHEE FORMATION OF FLORIDA. 55

the ventral aide strongly papillate especially in the middle umbonate
area and along the sutures, in some specimens with papillae entirely
covering the ventral side; aperture ventral, between the periphery
and ventral umbo at the base of the chamber.
Diameter up to 0.75 mm.; thickness 0.25 mm.
Holotype-(Cat. No. 371079, U.S.N.M.). From Choctawhatchee
marl of John Anderson's farm, % mile east of Red Bay, Walton
County, collected by W. C. Mansfield for whom the species is named.
Besides the type locality, it is abundant at other stations in Walton
County as well as found in Bay, Calhoun, Leon and Liberty Counties.
It is one of the most abundant and characteristic species. It was
probably recorded as Rotalia beccarii (Cushman, Bull. 676, U. S.
Geol. Survey, 1918, p. 66, pl. 24, fig. 2), and as Pulvinulina repanda
(1. c., p. 66, pl. 23, fig. 2).
It is closely related to Eponides peruvican from the west coast of
South America but has a much more ornamented test.

EPONIDES LATEHALIS (Terquetm )
Plote 10, figures 7 a-c
RosahUra tlaerarli TEpQusM, Mem. Soc. Geol. France, ser. 1, vol. 4, 1878, p. 25,
pl. 2 (7), figs. 11 a .
Pulvinulin lateralis H B. BRAv, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, 1884,
p. 689, p1. 106, fig. 2, 3.'-CUSHMAN, Proc. Boston Soc. Not. Hist, vol. 34, 1908,
p. 30, pl. 5, figs. 11, 12,-S-SDEBnorom, Mem. Proc. Manchester Lit. Philes. See.,
vol. 53, No. 21, 1909, p. 5, pi. 2, fig. 6; pl. 3, figs. 1, 2.-HuoN-ALtEN and
EAMLAZP, Trane. Zool. Soc, vol. 20, 1915, p. 714, pi. 53, figs. 6.1.-CUSHMAH,
Bull 100, U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 4, 1921, p. 336, pl. 69, figs. 2 ac.
Test usually somewhat ovate, biconvex, periphery subacute and
keeled; chambers distinct, later ones rapidly enlarging and flaring,
inflated somewhat on the ventral aide; sutures limbate dorsally,
oblique, raised, ventrally depressed, nearly radial; wall smooth ex-
cept for the raised sutures and on the ventral side the last-formed
chamber with numerous large perforations; aperture at the base
of the ventral edge of the chamber, low.
Length up to 1.50 mm.
In the adult the chambers of this species often become very ir-
regular. It may be confused in the young with E. repanda but in the
adult the two are very different. It is widely distributed in the recent
oceans but there are few records in the fossil state, none from forma-
tions older than the Miocene. There are a number of specimens from
the Choctawhatchee marl from S. D. Johnson's place near Woods,
Liberty County, and a very few from Gully Sink, Washington County.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN FOUR.

Genus ROTALIA Lamarck, 1804
ROTALIA BECCARI (Ltan), var. PARKINSONIANA (d'Orblgny)
Plate 11, figarea 3 a-c
Rosulina parkinsoniina D'OiBiciN, in De la Sagra, Hit. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba, 1839,
"Foraminifre," p. 99, pl. 4, figs. 25-27.
Variety differing from the typical in the number of chambers
which in the variety rarely have more than ten in full grown speci-
mens, the shorter broader chambers on the ventral side, the almost
entire lack of beading at the sides of the chambers, and the lack of
thickening of the sutures on the dorsal side.
Diameter not exceeding 0.50 mm.
This is apparently the form described by d'Orbigny from the
West Indies. It occurs commonly in the material from Calhoun, Leon
and Liberty Counties, but is not apparently present in the rich col-
lections from Walton and Bay Counties.

Subfamily Baggininae
Genus CANCRIS Montfort, 1808
CANCRIB SAGRA (d'Orblny)
Plate 11, figures 4 aw
Rotalina sagra D'OBBICNY, in De la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba, 1839, "Forami-
niferes," p. 77, pi. 5, fgs. 13-15.
Pulvinuinna sagra CVSHMAN, Bull. 676, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1918, p. 65, pl. 22,
fit. 3; pl. 23, fig. 1.
Test longer than broad, biconvex, the ventral side more strongly
convex than the dorsal, periphery acute; chambers few, six to seven
in the adult whorl, increasing rapidly in size as added; sutures slightly
depressed on the dorsal side, strongly on the ventral, gently curved;
wall smooth; an elliptical area of clearer thinner wall near the aper-
ture which is below a slight lip on the ventral side.
Length up to 0.75 mm.; breadth 0.55-0.70 amm.; thickness 0.20-
0.30 mm.
d'Orbigny described this species from the West Indian shore sands,
and it is fairly common in the region and off the Florida coast. The
species is abundant and well developed in Walton County, and less
so in Bay, Calhoun, Leon and Liberty Counties. There is much varia-
tion in the relative length and breadth due to the expansion of some
of the later chamber.

FORAMINIFERA CHOCTAWHATCHEE FORMATION OF FLORIDA. 57

Family AMPHISTEGINIDAE
Genus AMPHISTEGINA d'Orbigny, 1826
AMPHISTB1ONA LEBSONI d4'Orbhny
Plate 11, figures 5 a-c
Amphisteagna lessonUi D'OBwrmY, Ann. Sei. NLt, vol. 7, 1826, p. 304, No. 3, pl. 17,
figs. 14; Modiles No. 98. [For further references to this species, see Cushman,
Bull, 71, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 4, 1914, p. 35,]
Test lenticular or more convex on one side than the other, pe-
riphery subacute; chambers numerous, fairly distinct, on the dorsal
side simple, with a decided angle forward, on the ventral side with
supplementary lobes on the inner end; sutures distinct, limbate, not
depressed; wall smooth except near the aperture on the ventral side
where it is often papillate; aperture small, ventral.
This species is abundant at some of the stations in Washington
County, and less so in Leon County. It is absent or very rare in the
rest of the material examined.

Family CASSIDULINIDAE
Subfamily Ceratobuliminidae
Genus PULVINULINELLA Cushman, 1926
PULVINULINELLA PONTONI Cnwhman, n. p.
Plate 11, figures 2 a-c
Test mall, trochoid, biconvex, periphery rounded, very slightly
if at all lobulate; chambers distinct, usually eight or nine in the last-
formed whorl, not inflated; sutures distinct, on the dorsal side oblique,
slightly limbate, ventrally radial; wall smooth; apertural face ob-
liquely truncate; aperture narrow, parallel to the periphery of the
tet.
Diameter 0.20 mm.; thickness 0.08 mm.
Holotype--(Cat. No. 371080, U.S.N.M.). From Choctawhatchee
marl of Bryant Scott's Farm, % mile above mouth of branch entering
Econfina Creek near the bridge at Econfina, Bay County, collected
by Julia A. Gardner. It occurs also in Liberty and Walton Counties.
This is a distinctive species, but may easily be overlooked on account
of its small size. Specimens from the dorsal side resemble the young
of Eponides mansfieldi, but the ventral and peripheral sides quickly
show the differences. The species is named for Mr. Gerald M. Ponton
of the State Geological Survey of Florida.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN FOUR.

Subfamily Cassidulininae
Genus CASSIDULINA d'Orbigny, 1826
CASSIDULINA CRASBA d'OrbIny
Plate 11, figures 6 a, b
Cassidulina craoa D'OmlrcNY, Foram. Am6r. Mrid., 1839, p. 56, pl. 7, igp, 18.20.
[For further references to this species, see Cushman, Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mos.,
pt. 3, 1922, p. 124.]
Test subeircular to oval in outline, biconvex, periphery broadly
rounded; chambers comparatively few, short and inflated; sutures
distinct, somewhat depressed; wall smooth; aperture elongate, with
a flattened tooth partially filling the aperture.
Diameter 0.25 mm.; thickness 0.18 mm.
This species is small but easily distinguished from the following
by the rounded periphery and thicker test. There are specimens in
the collection from Calhoun, Liberty and Walton Counties.

CASSIDULINA LAEVIGATA d'Orbluiy, ver. CARINATA Cushman
Plate 11, figures 7 a, b
CasidalUna laevigat D'OassINY, var. carinara CUSHMAN, Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mu.,
pt. 3, 1922, p. 124, pl. 25, fis. 6, 7.
Variety differing from the typical in the thinner, more compressed
test, with a very distinct, thin carina forming the periphery of the
test.
This variety was described from Recent material from off the
coast of Florida and so it is not surprising to find it in the Miocene of
the same region. It occurs in material from Calhoun, Liberty and
Walton Counties.

Genus CASSIDULINOIDES Cushman, 1927
CARSIDULINOIDB BIRADYI (Norim)
.Plate II, figures 8 a, 6
-Cassiddna bradyi (Norman ms.) J. WatwrT, Proc. Belfast Nat. Field Club, App.,
1880, p. 152. [For further references to this species see Cushmnan, Bull. 104,
U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 3, 1922, p. 128.]
Test elongate, somewhat compressed, the early portion spirally
coiled, later chamber forming an uncoiled, biserial series, lateral
faces convex, peripheral border thin, usually somewhat rounded;
chambers fairly distinct, but the sutures not depressed; wall smooth
and polished; aperture somewhat longer than broad.
Length less than 0.50 mm.
The only locality for this species is the Lower Choetawhatchee
marl at Alum Bluff, Apalachicola River, Liberty County, where it
occurs in some numbers.

FOIAMINIFERA CHOCTAWHATCHEE FORMATION OF FLORIDA. 59

Family CHILOSTOMELLIDAE
Subfamily Chilostomellinae
Genus CHILOSTOMELLA Reuss, 1850
CHILOBTOMBLLA OOLNA Sehwhaer
ChiloaomeUa oolina SCHWAGER, Boll. Com. Geol. hal, vol. 9, 1878, p. 527, pl. 1,
fig. 16.--CUHMAN, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Ree, voL 1, pt. 4, 1926, p. 74,
pl 11, fige. 3-10; Bull. Scripps Inmdit. Oceanography, Tech. Ser,, voL 1, 1927,
p. 169.
Test elongate, about three times as long as wide, both ends broadly
rounded, sides nearly parallel for most of their length; wall thin,
distinctly punctate; aperture very narrow, curved.
There is a single broken specimen evidently of this species from
Bryant Scott's farm, Econfina, Bay County.

Family GLOBIGERINIDAE
Subfamily Globigerininae
Genus GLOBIGERINA d'Orbigny, 1826
The various species of the genus Globigerina used in a restricted
sense are in such a chaotic state that it is difficult to treat most of
them intelligently. A study of the types with large series of topotype
specimens is necessary to straighten out the confusion now existing.
There is a very considerable difference in the early and adult stages
in most of the species, and unless good series can be obtained, de-
scriptions based on a few specimens are worth little. A number of the
forms were figured in muy earlier work (Bull. 676, U. S. Geol. Survey,
1918, pli. 12, 13), and while some of these were not named or only
with a question, they must remain in this unsatisfactory condition
until some one available to the types can make a species study of
this genus.
Genus GLOBIGERINOIDES Cushman, 1927
The preceding remarks apply to this genus also as far as the fossil
representatives are concerned.

Subfamily Orbulininae
Genus ORBULINA d'Orbigny, 1826
ORBULINA UNIVERSE d'Orblfny
Orbulina universal p'One0mR y, in De la Sagra, Hist. Fis, Pol. Nat. Cuba, 1839,
"Foraminifirea," p. 3, pl. 1, fig. [For further references to this species, see
Cushman, Bull. 104, U. S. Nat. Mus., pt. 5, 1924, p. 28.]
Specimens of this common species are present in material from.
Walton County, but not well represented in the other parts of the
area.

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN FOUR.

Family GLOBOROTALIIDAE
Genus GLOBOROTALIA Cushman, 1927
GLOBOROTALIA MENABDI (d*Orbirny)
Plate 12, figures I1 c
Rotalia menardii n'OnIIrNY, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, 1826, p. 273; Modiles No. 10.
Pulvinulina menardii OWEN, Journ. Linn. Soc. (Zool.), vol. 9, 1867, p. 148, pl. 5,
fig. 6. [For further references to this species, see Cushman, Bull. 71, U. S. Nat.
MuDI, pt. 5, 1915, p. 54.]
GloborotaUa menardii CuSHMAN, Bull. Scripps Instit. Oceanography, Tech. Ser.,
vol. 1, 1927, p. 175.
Test typically plano-convex, dorsal side slightly convex, ventral
aide less so or often somewhat concave, umbilicate; peripheral margin
thin, slightly lobulated, carinate; chambers five or six in the adult
whorl, slightly inflated ventrally; sutures limbate above, curved be-
low, depressed, radial; wall smooth except granular about the aper-
ture which is ventral.
Diameter of fossil specimens usually less than 0.50 mm.
There are a few specimens from Bay, Calhoun and Liberty
Counties.
The few specimens show much more variation in convexity of the
ventral side than do most recent specimens.

Family ANOMALINIDAE
Subfamily Anomalininae
Genus PLANULINA d'Orbigry, 1826
PLANULINA DEPRESBA (d'OrbiLny)
Plate 12, figures 2 ac
Truncatulina depress D'OnBIcY, Voy. Amer. Mcrid., 1839, vol. 5, pt. 5, "Forami.
nifAres," p. 39, pl. 6, figs. 4-6.
Test much compressed, not completely involute in the adult, earlier
chambers showing on both sides of the test, periphery subacute;
chambers numerous, later ones often somewhat irregular, eight to ten
chambers in the final whorl; sutures distinct, somewhat limbate on
the dorsal side, confluent with the keeled edge, on the ventral side
depressed; wall very coarsely perforate; aperture at the peripheral
margin.
Diameter 0.60.0.75 mm.; thickness 0.10.0.15 mm.
d'Orbigny described this species from the coast of South America.
It is variable in the last chambers and in the amount of limbation of
the sutures. It is not as regular and spread out as P. ornata (d'Or-
bigny). Specimens occurred in material from Bay, Calhoun, Liberty,
Walton and Washington Counties.
This is not the same as Schwager's Anomalina wuelerstorfi.

FORAMINIFERA CHOCTAWHATCHEE FORMATION OF FLORIDA. 61

Subfamily Cibicidinae
Genus CIBICIDES Montfort, 1808
CIBICIDEB FLORIDANA (Cashman)
Plate 12, figures 3 a-c
Truncatuliua flordana CUSHMAN, Bull. 676, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1918, p. 62, pl. 19,
fig. 2.
Trunctulinra lobatula (WALKER and JAcoB), vnr. ownata CusHMAN, 1. c., p. 61, pi.
18, fig. 1, 2.
Test trochoid, biconvex, dorsal side less convex than the ventral,
periphery acute, keeled; chambers numerous, ten to twelve in the
adult whorl; sutures distinct, limbate and raised on the ventral side,
fused at the center into an umbonal mass; wall coarsely perforate;
aperture extending along the dorsal aide of the chamber margin.
Diameter up to 0.75 mm.
The types of this species were from 1 mile south of Red Bay. It is
probably the same as the var. ornata noted above. The relation of
these forms to those of Planulinr floridana should be studied, as they
may represent the megalospheric and microspheric forms of a single
species.

CIBICIDES AMERICANA (Cushman)
Plate 12, figures 5 a-c
Truncarulina americana CusnMrn, Bull. 676, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1918, p. 63, pl.
20, figs. 2, 3; pl. 21, fig. 1.
Test plano-convex, dorsal side nearly flat, ventral side slightly
,convex, periphery subacute: chambers numerous, eight to ten in the
adult whorl, rather rapidly increasing in size; sutures distinct, slightly
limbate on the dorsal side especially in the earlier chambers, de-
pressed on the ventral side; wall smooth, finely perforate; aperture
peripheral and extending onto the dorsal side, with a slight lip.
Diameter up to 0.75 mm.
This is a common species in the Miocene and Oligocene of the
Coastal Plain region. It is not common in the material, but was noted
from Bay and Liberty Counties.

CIBICIDE8 CONCBNTRICA (Cdnhman)
Plate 12, figures 4 a-c
Truncaudina concentric CusuHAN, Bull. 676, U. S. GeoL Survey, 1918, p. 64,
pi. 21, fig. 3.
Test nearly plano-convex, dorsal side nearly flat, ventral side con-
vex, periphery subcarinate; chambers distinct, seven to nine in the
adult whorl, the inner end on the dorsal side with a definite proximal
portion, fusing with adjacent ones to form a concentric band about
the middle and more or lees separated by a series of depressions;

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY-BULLETIN FOUR.

sutures deep on the ventral side, slightly limbate and lush on the
dorsal side; wall smooth, finely perforate; aperture largely dorsal
with a thin lip.
Diameter up to 1 mm.
This is one of the most common species in the Choctawhatchee
marl of Florida occurring in material from Bay, Calhoun, Leon, Lib-
erty, Walton and Washington Counties.
In its adult stage, this is a very well marked species, but the early
stages are similar in some respects to C. americana.
CIBICIDBS LOBATULA (Walker and Jatb), var. ORNATA (Cuahman)
Truncarulina lobarla (WALKEt and JACOe). var ornata CUSHMAN, Bull. 616, U. S.
GCol. Survey, 1918, p. 61, pl. 18, figs. 1, 2.
Test differing from the typical form in the ornamentation, es-
pecially the well developed bands outlining the chambers on the-
dorsal side.
The type specimen of this variety is from Coes Mill, Liberty
County, and a single additional typical specimen has occurred in the'
collections from Jim Kennedy Branch, 1 mile east of Red Bay,
Walton County. More material of this form is necessary to be sure-
of its relationships.

CIBICIDES BBFULGENB (Montfert) (7)
In the earlier paper (Bull. 676, U. S. Geol. Survey, 1918, p. 61,.
pl. 18, fig. 3), this species was recorded from Coes Mill. No additional.
material has been obtained.

CIBICIDEB VARIOLATA (d'Orbinry)
This species was recorded in the earlier paper (1, c., p. 62, pl. 10,
fig. 3) from Jackson Bluff. No other specimens were found in this
later material.

Genus DYOCIBICIDES Cushman and Valentine, 1930
DYOCIBICIDES BIBERIALIB Csuhman and Valentine
Plate 12, figures 6 a, b
Dyacibicides biaeriaUs CUSH AN and VALiNTINE. Contr. Dept. Geol, Stanford
University, vol. 1, 1930, p. 31, pl. 10, fig. 1, 2.
Test fairly large, the early portion close coiled, later in a spreading
biserial series of plano-convex chambers, the dorsal, attached aide,
flattened; seven or eight chambers in the last whorl, chambers not
inflated, but becoming inflated in the biserial portion and greatly
enlarging; sutures in the early coiled part, limbate and not depressed,
in the biserial portion continuing the limbate character on the dorsal
side but becoming deeply depressed ventrally; wall distinctly per-

FORAMINIFERA CHOCTAWHATCHEE FORMATION OF FLORIDA. 63

forate; aperture in the early coiled portion, peripheral or slightly
dorsal, in the uncoiled portion, an elongate slit at the outer edge of
the chamber at the line of attachment, often elliptical, with a slightly
raised lip.
Length up to 1.25 mm.
This species has been recently described from material collected
off the California coast. The Florida specimens seem identical. They
occur in material from Calhoun, Leon, Liberty, Walton and Washing.
ton Counties.
The perforations are much finer than in most of the species of
Cibicides noted above. The later chambers are often irregular, but in
adult specimens usually becoming biserial.

Family PLANORBULINIDAE
Genus ACERVULINA Schultze, 1854
ACERVULINA ef. INHABEMNS Schultze
There are a few attached specimens from Leon County that prob-
ably should be referred to this species. None of them are complete.

PLATES 1-12

_ _____ __ __ __ ___ ____ __ __ __ __ _
__

_ __ __

PLATE 1

Itr;s. 1 a. h. Prfoo/ iniI dIiffluiiformi. ill. B. Irtdtyl. X 85. a, front view; b,
a111ri ura view. LmnCiliy 1 '673.
2 it, Ii. I rttliffetu CrtMhprr&f CIlrlilNinlll. Ii. S. 1. 85. H, fl0 or view'; b, ;Iper-
lii al view loIcalily 1 910(
3 a, f~. s,'rlfrr'elft F rtrJilhti Cu(lmXn lutt. 11. XHa. .i, frollI vitew : ;II)Ter.
rural view. l.tph;lily I 673,
1 /, fr. Texrtrffrrigr r ffgg/alinfls d'Orlipginy. X 85. ,a from view; b, apl'rizaral
view. Locality 1 961.
5 11. to. Txfrrbirin pgrimri d'Orlii>ny. X 65. f. frnlm view I., al'erlinraI
vit'w. lInr.nlty I 9917.
6.I. T.xt'ftrirr tnr Mrifri V Ciuslllllll. X 6,5. a, froni vj4i w: b, ;I]prllural
vie. loIt'alily I 961.
9 f. b. Text'hiIFria fl/tridonti C'.ilIintnin, X 85.. t, frttti View; b, aoreliir;il
vieC. 1I.LcI'ily T 9.55.
1 It. Iifigef4rinff nfdnsu-ift dI'Orbiiy. var. lexurinirniidea (I Go's < 60.
ILoralily 1 916.
1. 12. nQuinoril0'4uiitin r'lf, .sr [1. 13. Brdnly. X 85. l,, b, opl silue sides.
13. Trilor-ulim .rpreril r '.i-.hm'tni. 8,5. Com. Mill. Liberty Comity.

166]

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

[67]

BULLETIN FOUR. PLAIu 1.

v j 1
CI +~i;

1PI,. TE 2

rId.c. i 'rc. Othti ffqrfur a/it/liirplmith ,ru in/ils li l F 511. r( 4,. uifhl eir iIh'.;
jL. |lrrnlnrJhIl II~I ,n c;ni v I hli.
32 nf*r. (fihnifftIouhf~r fiv semintirft I .iitln I ~ ir. [.lil v I .155.
3.u. ()sinso ffit 'I 1/int htIitm'f afflf-it 41"Or1igtyi x. ) ff. b., 4opp; ile
,i ;: .'. aiperlnri d view. Locuality II 96t7.
6 f*.r. (QinquvttI rsl 1, C'flofit' d'Orbhigily. X 0ii. b, bp lonile iihrs;
c. apertural view. Lova lily 1/962.
e vt h. (huinrfitfehftirirn anhfbriuMI CHap111iin. X Mi. fit, olnhsil i-iI Rt.
LortJily I 9-!..
t8 rr-C. Si',zrilihtm tnvunis (Czjzrk. X 85 a, b. iippoil".ter sid',; r, 1ilitr-
IurI il vii. Il.ntr;.filv 1 917.

I68]

ILORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

BULLETIN FOUR. iPLAT 2.

-A

alj

'1

'I.
'U

i..

.a Ii

K

j

H!rr

i

/i

I

,1

A'

U
II,

I

,arr -
1.

(691

c
r

i
.e

PLATE 3

Fics. I a, Is. Spiroloculina pihuinlta Lamarrk). X 85. a, from view; 1, aper-
lural view. Locality 1/967.
2 a, b. SpiroFocuidina depress d'Orlbigny. X 45. n, front view; b, aper-
Lural view. Jackson Bluff, Leon County.
3. Spirohuriulina I? X 85. Loiality 1/955.
4 a-c. Trioiomrutn schreiberiann d'Orlbiny. X 45. a, 5, opposil| sides;
<, ;)perlural view. Coeti MiFll Libjervy CoIunty.
5 a-c. Pyrgo subsphaerica Ild'Orliigny). > 4(1. l, front view; h, side
view; c, aperlural view. Jarksoiin luff, Leon County.
6. Corniuspirrn involvecin I Reuii). X 85. Lor 'lity 1/967.
7 n, ID. Robufus americanus ( Cushiiua). >< a, Sidle view; b, iipertural
view. Lorality ]/948.
8 a, b. Roiaurhis rlmericain s ICluhimiitull), var, spinroa.s (Cushmia{CI), X 45.
t, .4ide view; b, anptrinil view, Localiy 1/748.

[70]

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

BULLETIN FOUR, PLATe 3.

q

.11

V

I,.

* *1.,

4

..... "-
h ~

--.. .-.,

,''** ..; * 1.
I d ;* l'. '18

[71]

Fu.s. I a. b.

2 a, b.

3 a. 6.

4 aL. r. 5.

6 a. b.

7 a. h.
8 t. ,.

9 a, b.

10 a, b.

PLATE 4
RobuuIs intuss I CWusl~ anll X 35. is, side view; b6, peripheral view.
Lodility 1/706.
Rubldus floridanws I Cushml;n). X .14L. r, side view; b, periphlral
'iew. I mile souill of Red BIay, Walltoi County,
Roabuis catenurlrrtt (Cu :iuain). X 65. side view; b, periiilpral
view. Lnrcality 1 '673.
Plannharia sp ? X 65. sidc vietu; 6, peripltera;i view. |I.,alily
1 '655.
PIs.lndria s I (?X 65. ( side vitw,; 1b peripileral view Iorality
1. 918.
.Marginnlint -]p I ? ) X 65. a, -ide view; !f, lpripIterlI view. Io-
rulily I 962.
Maryinmiliir s~p 1? IX 511. n, idt' view ; b. peripheral view. Lo-
iality ]/ 956.
M.rgiin uina sp C ? I X 5(1. it, side view; b, peripheral view. Lo-
rality 1/9417.
Saracenirint cutnlariculthris I Firclel and Moll). X 50. a, side view;
16, peripheral view. Locality 1/947.

[72]

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

4..
k ~...'

.zSr ,g

r~:r

Nh~~~~

[73]

BULLETIN FOUR. PLATE 4.

)I

PLATE 5

1. Drentintiur rconmtunlis dOrhigpiy. X 5x). Loralitly 1/917.
2, DIrnritin con.sfobrinrj d'Orbignyv, va-r. enrfiinar Rcuss. X 50. Lo.
rI lity /947.
3. DI)ntaliinr sp ( ?) X 65. Loaitlty 1/917.
1. tNrnlrosurin craesbyi d'Orliig y. X 65. Locrlily 1/965.
5. Iigenai perhuridat Mountmigu+ I(H). Incality 1 :958.
6 a. bI. Latrnt rlrrfitn I d'Orliigiy). X 85. frf sidel vie'w; b, aipertirul view.
Lorti -y 1/958.
; at. b. Lr',enr i he.xaigont I Wlliniin)i 1 v'ar. scufftrilormnis 1Willia nsoi).
X 85. t, rsidel view: b, aiperlttri1 view. LIu(n;lily 1/958.
8. ftgrarrf rco.tflfla lWilliil i 1 v). var. trmphorat Rriesz. / 085. Locally
I /9S6.
9. Argen"i rf. sirinrtfrpuntirtrin I'arkrr Laniii Joinbs. X 85. l.ncalily 1 /956.
111. Ligtrnit sl-mal I W lkc'r ind rhl Jnol, X 85. l.hcmlily 1/960.
11 o. b. La.gena htexagrinn Williauiision). x 100. ",. side view; bI, hasal

12. Lirgeni, cf. niatrginatt-pre:forratiS eguienia l. X 85. ILocality 1/953.
13 n, b. Il.genu rbignywft I Srtguetnsa var. lIca ntta I lIurrows iand l o-l.
hIid. X 5. or, sidi viewi: rperTiral view. lo'cilily 1/958.
14. lAtgetrtI s lhsria t Williamtisonl. >< 85. L.or'ilily ]/965.
15. Giurtrlinn i ntrrtitlr Gulloway anid Wissl'r. X 65, Lirlily 1 962.
16. Gi/cbuli in roftuluat I BorliirniI nl). 65. Lorility 1/9417.
17, 18. Pyrulilnao tlb arsi Cushaii minl Ozauwi. X 65. I or'lity 1 /961.
19. Guftnalint flatten (Aitontagnu), var. enrftidi Cusdmliaii aind O]iiwi.
X 85. Locality 1/955.
20. lPs'ruedopolymitrphina ruti utlialilln) X s Localily 1/954.
21. Gllofinia giblm d'Orlbigny. X 65. [,orality 1/947.
22. Globistia inauelmnfis Reuws. X 65. Locality 1/967.

[74]

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

I
t~LapfX. !L

i(ih

C;

I

'K

[75s]

/'

BULLETIN FOUR.

PLAT 5.

r

fTr

In.' ..rl: it

1-,1. .oniior rarlapi ,irOrliginyL. s\ .. e., .sile view : b. peripheral
lu.t il iI 1 '158.
-1. S.inruninrfjhitrfr i ,riIilrini..ni 'iul'\1rirr,,m I '. loI.'lilv 1 ')(li.
.5. I'.se'mi*nIii lyrmriirphiin t dumSi"i lliimtr ; ,nd iil Atplin). < ,t|. 1]..-
,r,lvt I #54.
rCi i. It, AN\mfi gihbrrlnl Cmmnuhrnm.i n. sp. '. 85..i sithd vih-: b, ipriihiriil
MiVr. IU oaility I '58.H
7, 8. ;Vmiep ption *arrfvis liTri. S. i, side view. b, peripheral view.
Fig. 7. lovalily 1 0-18. I'ig. H. lo;alily 1 9.17.

[;6]

FIORID)A GEOLOGtICAL SURVEY

A.-

[77]

BULLETIN FOUR. PLTsF: l.

=...

= 'r
L

IIA\TE 7

Fics. I a-r. NmnioneIlla nuris (dr'Orliillny. \ 5. a. dorsal view: b, senlra.l
vie rc, peripil n rl viewi Lo'a lilv 1 6~73.
2 I,. l phidimii irrtc'rurum ( illia~Imito. X 3'. a, Side viwv; II*-
riptira1l % iew. Lo-aiihy I '6i.
:i. L r-lphidirtum j.ianuau (I'Orlbigny).. \ 85. a. h'1t vijwQ: h, pC"
ripli.rral virw. loalily I 961.
5 i. 1). Lfphidiunmr s1 I'?) 85 g a. .ide view; I, pericpher;al view. Lo-
ralily 1 6 2.
6 a. b. fElphidium .wsgrarunn (iOrbligy). X 85. a, side view; 6, ipripieral
\iew. ]Loalityl 1 917.
7 a, b. ilphidsirrm adrelnum (Cmiii uian), X 85. a, side view; b, periIpheral
view. Localitiy 1/917.

[781

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

l79]

BULLETIN FOUR. PLATE 7.

PLATE 8

1. l'ler'tarrdfif'rrif florid rrer Cusihnun, n. sp. X 55. Locnlity
I 95O.
2. 3. Ifutimninehr elegV ntissiM I 1d'Orhbigiy). >< 100. Lo';lhy 1.'6701.
-4. fiuinin'llat currt Ciusliinuin. X 65. Lo';lilly I '682.
5 a. b,. Ilimina grr'ifis Cusninmal,. 11. sp. 85. it, sitde view; ti, tpi'rlraul
view. ,mnralily 1 950.
6 fb. IlIirniurr inffutat Se iill'. X 55. a, side view; p, aperJltural view.
Lcwi lity ] 7.1I .
7 a. b. I Iir.ulinrr punra iOrbiginy. X 0(5. a, id .4t vie ir; b, :i)rtural
view. 1orn1ily i '682.
8 4. I irgrminai fusiuflorrmis Cuinsli;ti, 11. p. X 100i. site view; 6. alper-
I iral ieq. L-jalily I1 956.
9 t. b. Iitlifitn mfiarginatl CuliSun111111. X 6'5. a, side viwv; I), .t1111iirul
'view. Iloatlilty I 950.
10 b. I, livin/i plircaef l Cuh1iaam1ann. 11. sl. > X 00. a, side vi'w; b. apeiIr-
Lural vinw. 1,4ir aliy 1 962.
11, b. 1.uI.\rtflinm ttgtferi CushuImai ii. 11 X 65. a, side view; 1p, aper-
lirail view. l,oialily 1 '950.
12 a. b. ldiu-iniu lhhdrellfu d"'Oi-igny, v1ar. prinitii' CuslitimaiI, ii. var. X
85. a. side view: b. aperiunral view. Locality 1/961.
13. 11. Ioti 'inu rti rghi ntrt l Csdhi|ii, var, miftllicostfl Cits1lli.in. X 85.
side view: b. aperiural view. Fig. 1,. lolilhy 1.Y671; Fig. 14,
lhialily 1 954).
15 tr b. b. fiirtain fnrirtfaiit Cushmani. < S;. a. iui1 view; t, apertural
vitiv. Lot.rlily 1/950.
16 a. b. Chr vyslidite illf pfih'I-hhit (Cusltinnkti). X 85. i. side view; e aper-
tural vitw. LoIrl1ity 1 '917.
IT /1b. Rtussia spinitiinst i0},eit.. X 65. t side view; b, utj)rlural view.
1,o0';lit y 1/917.

,oni

** ' ..

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

A

BULLETIN FOUR. PLATE 8.

PLATE 9

1. 2. l irpulin parnteri Cuaslmuiml. X 4-5. Lonanlly I 963.
341-. 1 ri erina cf. piniel d'Orbigny. y 85. Firgs. 3, 4. locality I"950;
Fig. 5. lrcality 1..'9-8; Fig. 6, lornlily 1/671,
7. 1 rigerinu nrtuberintuia d'Orhigny, X 85. Lonrality 1 9417.
H. 9. .-Ingidogerinta tcitdentalis I(Cudiknii). X 85. Loaility 1/947.
10. Siphogenertin frniellntra Cushilmtaii. X 45. JiLo lily ]/94,8
11 a., Eh lipsnitign'ii bidens Cushmlini, ni. X, 111). i. side view; b, illel-..
lural view. I.oraliv I 682.
12 ,. Ii. Spirillis nr bircbrris Illagg. X 85. a, dors.tl view; b, ventral view.
qLocality 1 947.
13 .a-. Disrtirbij rosurea ld'Orliigiky). X 30. it, dorsal viewl; IF, veiilral
view-: r, periliphieril view. Localilty '953.

[82]

FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

[83]

BULLETIN FOUR. PLATE 9.

S^V7

~
;.r~
3

'PLATE 1

Fits. I i.r, lfiqprbi a .'f rti'rrrana Chtl maim.n \ 4,5 14 lIFrsa view; b. v'iiirIal
%iH: cr. pleripher:l view. LoIaulily I 9511,
2 nt. nifsrarbi.s ntirn Ci.shlni:il,. 6(5. a. Jrsiil vie.w; I. villriri view;
c. Iuhrilbmiidral view. I.roclily I 955.
3 u-i'. Disersifrs riirrdenboana (d'Orbi uiy). X 1i5. a. dIorsl view; b, ven-
lral view: c. peripheral view. Loraialily I J1.
.t u-r. lisrcrbis consp.brina lI'Orlbigrty. X 1:5S. a. dorlsal view; b, VenL.
Iral view; c. periplieriIl viE.', Lerality i 951.
Sn.r. Iisrwrhis rntriuhitii (d'Orlpiisy I. 115. a. dorsn;I virw; I, verlrial
i~ n: c. ] eriplieral view. lho'ailIy I 956.
di 14. 'Fiiiulinerira fIorridunaw Cu slnUmmin. U. si. V X 5. a. dorsal view ; i ,
Vniilrdg view; r', ;eriplitera view. Lncalily I (6112.
S.,. tEltpnides herthTdis 3rq34nil53)!. it. it. l (s:Halj viwnv; bf, vinltral
i,: c. iHripIlterji view. Ira;tlity I ILI.

[84]

ILORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

BULLETIN FOUR.

PL.AT- 111.

1 : ,
.. - ,. .

rC -
z + ,a )

- ,-

,*: 'I-

[I1l

SL'. "

. .,

- -" "

I T1 !1i II

Iui.". I r-r. l.ntf/riff. ntunnsf.lIfi ti(AJi l i s1. I.>p|. V fiS. I, lItir sIl I 4ir nr IA. enii-
Itril .ir, ; r. lp riiiHllu'r l vire v I orai 'lily I 9)..
o(-rr fP'tlt ilriin pffuit p(pirit C mllhilit itl I. Pi. X. 35. l t. d qrsal View h.
vrintriIl vi-i : r, lrri i-iltik rn I vi v-%. I etli i I (16 2.
-3 n-r. Ifotflini hertn'rii I I .itr ii v:r. pr-itrnsrsimr i l'Om irl ilg 1 (6.
0i., I4I'*iil4I I irn%% b. .I l-t IlIr; virtV 4 v r | r 'iritrI I View. I l, l' ility
I 4) L.
I i-fr. C 1ftiris NrIgp' it i r Orl1got -i \ (re. tI trt il % inw; /. reinil vie ;t
r. li'ripli ril vitew, |.,I'e lj| I 9.IfI.
5 fr. itutjibi'414gi lessrnW i (l'Orlinguy. \ 15. i. ilunr.i:t view. b.I Viill nil
irn ; 1% iirrPer era I vit' l%:.ily 1 704i1
o. r.. t. Ctt':r. iftrufim rrf is 4i'Orliig, r i \ US. i. s ,ide view: I,. |friJij.rl
Si. lo.I aliy 1 '51.
1 "t. /, (.rosirfu aifti If vl' pr iff t il* I. MIte t in ; : I[. i4triiiliil i vi lit I I v I 9511.
0 aI. b. I'uiniffltdimtitrs I hlyti I N411IIl10. X 85i. 1,. Si, il viEwl f1. pf1-
ripheimrl vivv1. U.peolity I '5 1.

[16]

FLORIDA GEOLO(;GIAL SURVEY

, ..*.'
-' -F
,d q j

K

[87]

BUI.ILETIN FOUiR. PIAT: II.

NF 'I 121

I i-. I O. ( Jobslr tli/i ,p 1,ni'u i*dii 4 .I't r I .pIn I \ I ni l. n :il vi.: Ih. Cn P
Ir:il ir-.t : Is ,riIplit''er.l vie'w. 1.m, :lily I v 94.
J d-c. t'Il,,ffiflfl delpr'Ae.--s ql rlAigm I. \ 15+ i. Jihrs. 1 vilw : I, v~lEIt l
ten : C, iu'r'i il int I 5 vi 'e I a riI kl I 111t
.I 4-'. hiP1t, Wlaur l n"ict"t"i a :41.,lini il \ .5. I 4 1iI,.-nl ivi e : v. I in n i
% i4H c. I,'ripJih -rrnil Vieaw. IJ l. ,ity I I:.
I tr-'. j. i r'f/ 11 if i : .- pm ericilirr l M I ie I.nr. 6i5y.I 7)at.
I ?1L '. 1if4iffi ii ffd N tri 'ti rirI i (I ll', i. i I I (i I, tI V rsF i lit 1. 1V 11' ri1
tin : r-. ImrrriplifIh.rI I itt% oIni-.elit I '5I1.
a. I,. ihw.ihbiricil,. bi.orii.' Cu.liinait atnd V\alfnliniw. -l,. ., JiorsIIl
\ iiaL b. It, tilniIl i I .11 :ilin I '19. .

F"Hij

IFORItIA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

* I,

9'L ,

S .r

b~i-C"

I,

,I. .

~I

I

i

S .
* r

N

i 1

IHULTI N OIUllt.

I)A.il-p 12.

~r~ C)r
r
rl
I
I
'. r
r 1
rr ;'
r
s

r
;'1
C

1

INDEX TO GENERA

This index includes generic anmes only, for where there are two or more
species of a genus they nre usually treated on oneieeutive pages, and thus can he
easily found Names In italic a re ynlonyme. Most species are trcited in three
different places, first in the dlstrilutionaul lists near the hegkinimng, second in the
cntalogue proper, with descriptions u an loculiies, and In t in the illustrantoiis.

A
Acervulinu 12, 63
Amphitegiina 5, 11, 57, 86
Angulogerina 11, 50. 82
Anomolatlfa 60
1i
]ligenerinn 8, 18-19, 66
Ifiaculitin 23
Bolivinn 6, 10, 1, 45-47, 80
Bul iniiiL 6, 10, 4244, 8(1
Bulinituella 10, 4243, 80

CitIerlt I, 56, 86
Cismidulina 11, 58, 86
C(;iRidulinoide 11, 58, 86
Chlilotozmelln 1), 59
Chrytalidinella 11, 48. 80
CiblEides 12, 61.63, 88
Ch:fiaiuirna 18
Cornuspira 8, 23-24, 70
Crinellarin 24, 25, 27
1)
I)etnalinn 6, 9, 27-28, 74
Discorbiria 51
Diesorbis 6, II, 51.54, 82, 84
Dyorbidiides 12, 62.63, 81
E
Ellipsoliigenu 11, 50.51, 82
Elphidlium 6, 10, 3941, 78
Enrostdonla 30
Eponiden 11, 5.55, 57, 84, 86
G
Globigerina 59
ClobiBerinoide 59
Globorotalia 11, 6f. ,8
Globulina 9, 33-35, 74
Gutmlinan 9, 3344, 74
L
Lcgena 9, 2932, 74
Loxostomum 6, 11, 47, 80

M
Murgiiulina 9. 26.27. 72
Afiflfdir 19, 201
N
Nrrttilets 27
Nodonarin 9, 27.29, 74
Notipon 6, 110 36.38, 76
Nonliunella 10, 37. 31, 78
Nonioninu 36, 37
0
OuirFn 29
O)perculinf 23
Orulitin 11, 59
P
lPavtniai 10, 41
Plinularia 9, 26, 72
Pliiiulina 12, 60, 88
Plectrofrondi.ularin 10, 4142, 80
PolyrtnrphFiifn 33.36
PIolystomdIr 3941
Proecoiiiim 6, 8, 15, 66
lsenudarcellu 7, 8, 15.16, 66
PBsedopolymorpihina 6, 9, 35.36, 74, 76
PuIdinliiim 55, 60
Pilvilnulitielt 11, 57, 86
Pyrpo 23, 70
Pyrulimn 9, 34, 74

Q
Quimnqeloiurlina 6, 8, 19.22, 66, 68
R
Reussia 11, 41, 10
Rolbllus 6, 8, 24-26, 70, 72
Rosoliirn 52, 53. 56
Rotalia 11, 51, 55, 60, 86
Rotrdiulu 56
S
Sarieeniriu 6. 9. 27, 72
Serpula 19, 31
Sigmoilina 8, 22, 66
Sigmomorphinn 9, 36, 76

INDEX TO GENERA

Siphogenerina
Spirillina 11,
Spiroloculina

6,
51,
8,

11, 49.50, 82
82
21.22, 70

T
Textularia 6, 8. 16.18, 66
Triloculiia 22.23, 66, 70
Truncltulina 60-62

U
rnmiinua 8. 15, 66
UvigeriaI 11. 49. 50, 82

V
Valvulina 38
Valvulineria 11, 54, 84
Vermiculum 29
Ferneuilina 48
Virgulina 6, 7, 10, 44*45, 80, 82

MILLISECOND	CLASS.METHOD	MESSAGE
0	sobekcm_page_globals.constructor
0	sobekcm_page_globals.constructor	Application State validated or built
0	sobekcm_database.verify_item_lookup_object
0	sobekcm_page_globals.constructor	Navigation Object created from URI query string
0	sobekcm_database.verify_item_lookup_object
0	sobekcm_page_globals.display_item	Retrieving item or group information
0	sobekcm_page_globals.get_entire_collection_hierarchy	Retrieving hierarchy information
0	sobekcm_assistant.get_entire_collection_hierarchy
0	cached_data_manager.retrieve_item_aggregation
0	cached_data_manager.retrieve_item_aggregation	Found item aggregation on local cache
0	item_aggregation_builder.get_item_aggregation	Found 'all' item aggregation in cache
0	system.web.ui.page.page_load (ufdc.page_load)
0	sobekcm_page_globals.constructor.on_page_load
0	html_echo_mainwriter.add_style_references	Adding style references to HTML
0	html_echo_mainwriter.add_text_to_page	Reading the text from the file and echoing back to the output stream
92	html_echo_mainwriter.add_text_to_page	Finished reading and writing the file

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