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-J 3 -. THE INSECT PEST SURVEY BULLETIN A periodical review of entomological conditions throughout the United States issued on the first of each month from March to December, inclusive. Volume 7 March 1, 1927 Number 1 BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND THE STATE ENTOMOLOGICAL AGENCIES COOPERATING Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2013 http://archive.org/details/insect1927no1 COLLABEFATORS OF THE UNITED STATES D:--' ....T OF AICUTRE ACTING AS RE-OR-TERS FOR TH7 IB:ET PEST SURVEY Alabama Dr. J. 2. Robinson, Dept. of Entomology and Zoology, Ala'jama Polytechnic Institute, Auburn. Arizona Dr. Oscar Bartlett, State Entomologist, P. 0. Box 1857, Phoenix. Arkansas Mr. W7 J. Baerg, Entomrologist, Agricultural Experiment Station, Fayetteville, California Dr. WJ Bo Herms, Head of Division of Entomology and Farasitology, University of California, Berkeley. Mr. H, S. Smith, Entomologist, Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside. Mr. Theodore Urbahns, Department of Agriculture, Sacramento. Colorado Dr. C. P. Gillette, State -'tomologist, State Agricultural College, Fort Collins. Connecticut Dr. 7. E. Britton, State Entomologist, Agricultural Experimnnt Station, New Haven. Delaware Dr. H. L. Dozier, Entomologist, University of Delaware, NeTark. Florida Dr. -ilmon Nerell, Plant Comnissioner, State Plant Board, Gainesville. Georgia :'ir. Haliard De La Parclle, State Ento::-ologist, Georgia State Board of Entomology, Atlante. Idaho Yr. Claude Tak.land, Zntomologist, Entomological Field Station, Parma. Illinois Dr. T. P. Flint, Chief Entomologist, State ihtural History Survey Urbana. Indiana Prof. J. J. Davis, Entomolo ist, Purdue University, LaFayette. Iowa Dr. Carl J. Draki, Department of Zoology and Entomoloey, Iowa State College, Ames. Kansas Prof. Geo. A. Dean, Entomologist, Agricultural Experiment Station, ":anhattan. Prof. r. Z. E cColloch, Entomologist, Kansas State Agricultural College, L'a.ihnttan. Dr. H. 2. Hungerford, Head of Departiuent of Entomolo'gy, University of Kansas, Lawrence. Kentucky Prof. H. G&arman, -Entomologist, Agricultural E:>mriment Station, Lexington. Louisiana Dr. "7, E. Hinds, Entomologist, Louisiana State University, Baton Pouge. Maine Dr. E. 1. Patch, Entomologist, Agricultural Experiment Station, Ororo. Maryland Prof. S, N. Cory, State Tntomoloi'st, Maryland University, College Park. Lassachusetts Dr. H. T. Fernald, Entomologist, Agricultixral Experiment Station, Amherst. Mr. A. Bourne, Agricultural E:periment Station, Amherst. Michigan Dr. R. H. Pettit, Entomologist, Agricultural Experiment Station, EFst Lansing. -3- -4- Minnesota Mississippi li s ouri Montana NTebraska 1Te-:dda New Hampshire New Jersey Ne' u1yico New York North Carolina Ohio Oklahoma Ore,-on Pennsylvania PRode Island Prof.A. G. Ruggles, Entomologist, University Farm, St. Paul, Prof. Ro 7W. Harned, Entomologist, St-te Plant Board, AgrTicultural College. Dr. L. Has3man, Entomologist, Agricultural Expriment Station, Columbia. Prof, R. A. Cooley, State Thtomolo-ist, A.ricultural Experiment Station, Bozerman. Prof. M. Ho S-Lnk, State Entomologist, University of Nebraska, Lincoln. Mr. Don B. Thelan, Department of thEntomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln. Mr. Goo. C. Schweiss, University of Iee-'ada, Reno. Prof. W. Co O'Kane, Entomologist, Agricultural 7:-prinent Station, Durhba:. Dr. T. J. Headlee, State Entomologist, Agricultural Experiment Station, :Tev Brunswick. Mr. Harry 3. Weiss, Chief of Bureau of Statistics and Inspection, Department of Agriculture, Trenton. Mr. F. I!. Hull, State Entomologist, Colle-e of Agricultural and Mechanical Arts, State College. Dr. E Po Felt, State Enitomologist, University of the State of New York, Albany. Prof. C. BRo Crosby, Extension Entomologist, Cornell University, Ithaca. Mr. P. J. Parrott, Entomologist, Agricult',ral FRperiment Station, Geneva. Mr. Z. P., Metcalf, Head Department Zoology an- Entomology, State College Station, Ealeigh. , Dr. J. S. -Houiiser, Agricultural :xp.riment Station, -ooster. Dr. Herbert Osborn, Tntomolo.st, Ohio State University, Columbus. Dr, R. C. Osburn, Entomolog-ist, Ohio State University, Columbus. Prof. C. E. Sanborn, Entomologist, Agricultural 7--periment Station, Stillw-it er. Mr. C. S. Rude, Oklaho-a A. & M. College, Still-ater. Mr. Don C. lMote, Oregon Agricultural College, Corv-llis. lir. C. H. Hadley, Director, Bureau of Plant Industry, State Department of Agriculture, Harrisbur.-% Mr. A. B. Champlain, Bureau of Plant Industry, Harris'burg. .r. H. B. Kirk, Burc-au of Plant Industry, Harrisbur-. .r J. 1. Knull, Bureau of Plant Industry, Harrisburg. :,r. Adonis A. Mathewson, Reitze Block, Cor. l'.rket & Chentnut Sts. Meadvill e. i1r. F. F. Smith, Greenhouse Insect Laboratory, Easton Road, Willo-. Grove. Mr. J. BR. Steer, 68 i;. 6th St. Chambersburg. i.r, H-. E. Hol,,.iss. Extension Eito.-iologist, Pennsylvania State Colle. State College. Mr. G. L.2cLt 7s, A"istant Fxtension Eitomologist, Pennsylvania State College, State College. :.'r. H. Porthley, Pennsylvania State 3olle.e, State College. Dr. A. T, Stene, Entomolo ist, State 3oard of Agriculture, Yin s ton. South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Virginia West Virginia WisMDUsin 'yonming WIashington Prof. Franklin Sherman, Division of Entomology and Zoology, Clemson College. Prof. H. C. Severin, State Entomologist, Agricultural Experiment Station, Brook-ns,. Prof. 5. Yi1 Bentley, State En-tomologist and Plant Pathologist, State Board of Agriculture, Knoxville. Mr. F. L. Thomas, Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station. Prof. W. J, Schoene, State Entomologist, Crop Pest Commission, Blacksbur g Mr. Herbert Spencer, Virginia Truck rnperii.:rnt Station, Norf ol:, Prof. W, F. Rumsey, State Entomologist, Agricultural Experiment Station, Morgantown. Prof. L. I. Peairs, Entomologist, Agricultural Experiment Station, Morantown. Prof. S. B# Fracker, State Entomologist, State Department of Agriculture, Madison, Prof. H. F. Wilson, Mntomologist, University of Wisconsin, Madison. M.r. C. L. Corkins, Agricultural Experiment Station, Laramie. Prof. R. L. "'Tebster, Head Dept. of Zoology, State College of Washington, Pullman, I N S E C T P S T S U V EY BUL L ET I T Vol. 7 2rch 1, 1927 No.l INTR0UO T D With the last number of Volume 6 of the Insect Pest Survey Bulletin, we instituted a slight change in this publication by issuing a 10th number in which the year's entomological features were summarized. This was the result of many requests for an annual summary similar to the bne prepared in 1922 and published in the form of a Departmental Bulletin (TU. S. D. A. .To 1103). It -as felt impractical to issue a printed annual summary, as the necessary time involved in preparing, editing, and printing such a publication made it available at so late a date that much of its value was lost. This year the Sur-ey will issue to its collaborators a questionnaire form covering several of the most -idely distributed and important insect pests, rith the hope that this may result in the Survey receiving from those carrying on investigations on one or more of these pests, data of a much higher statistical value, and of a more comparable nature than could be obtained by cursory re- ports. The Survey does not -ish its collaborators, ho-ever, to feel that the incidental notes on all insect conditions made in the course of their regular activities are not highly appreciated by the Survey and urges its reporters to continue their general reporting to as -reat an extent as their time will permit. The season in general is hot far enough advanced to have developed any outstanding features at the time this first number of volume 7 is issued. -7- *.UP Montana - Souath Dakota California iontana G EMBAL FE' 7TTS G.R SSH:FFTs (Acridiidae) W. B. Mabee (February 15): Last fall, in a survey of the eastern part of Montana bordering South Dakota, especially Wibeaux and Fallen Counties, considerable nzr.bers of e-gs were found of iYlanoplus atlanis PRiley, Car-nula -el`.ucida Scudd., and 'elkrnorlus bivittatus S-3 There is likely to be a small grasshopper outbreak in this territory. T. D, Urbahns (F'ebrun-ry 17): Grasshopp'rs covering such species as llelanoplus diffarentialis Thos., `>mnala pellucida Scudd., 'Ielanoplus marginatus Scud d. ,.ea anolr.s 6evwcstator Scudd,, and others, have caused less destruction of crops than in previous years on account of the large quantities of poisoned bran mash which have be-n used by ,-ro-'3rs through- out the State. I:O':0:T CRICKET (Anabrus simplex Hald.) w. B. IoLbee (February 15): Our big problem this co-inz season 7ill probably be the 2ormon cric1-et. In Lake eni Sanders Counties, in the western part of the Stvte, this i-Isect no- infests some 250,000 acres, or at least double the territory infested the previous season. 'ring the season of 1336 it did damage ,rorutinz to over 13j,C,2. A survey lant fall shoved that an unusual n-inber of es-7 a7cre played and e.fs collected since oi-ir recent cold Teather hive hatched normally, so unless something uforecee-, happens, we e:qmect quite a problem on our hands this coming sri.'g. Through this Deo.rt- meit a-nd ith the use of thre Cou-ity Insect Pest Law 1e expect to sen.d. somee ..000 on the control canairp. 7I7 .-PlS ('lateridae) l:ontana Ben '.s-lvania B. B* abee (February 15): Wireworms are gradually increasing and -re ever becomi:ig a s.ore serious problem, especially "'ith our Zotto g-o-7er-. S3 A L A ID F OR A E- C R 0 I 1' S C I S T-I2AT HE-!.J'" Th ('-'.,-~o~~.i destructor Say) C. C. 7-1i and H, %ith (b.--r- 3): The 'h.t stu':ble is verv li,'-tly i fecte: 0. tlie c-rin :.b -r-tion of the f.1. 7o Tli..nteer "heat was found to be leitiful and in .:.ieral he'vi"'. ilf yted. -- .... tion .has shown thpt cueria in the -",olunt.er v-hrnt .. .'-.,rv lightly p1rasitized ,n- for this reason may 2re-,? a source of considerable infestation -a- Ma ryland Virginia We s t NVirginia North Carolina S3uth Carolina Ohio during the coming season. For the most nart the fall wheat was lightly or not at all infested, 7rith the exception of that in certain localities along the Susquehanna Valley, "here infesta- tion was very heavy. H. E, Hodgkiss (February 16): For the last five years, including 1926, the Hessian fly has not been abundant in Pennsylvania except in 1922. Since that time the Hessian fly has decreased so as to be a relatively unimportant consideration. In 1926 the spring brood was large, but the damage r'as not extensive. The records of our planting demonstration plots for 1926 indicated that there w7as little infestation in these pIlots at the time of sampling. C. C, Hill and Hi. D. Smith (February 3): Stubble over the entire State was found to be very lightly infested, and the fall -"heat was for the most part sown late and escaped infestation. Volunteer wheat, however, -'as found plentiful through most of the State and was in genr,-l heavily infested. The fly puparia in the volunteer ,-heat proved to be lightly parasitized and may become a source of considerable infestation during the coming year. H. D. Smith (February 3): Wheat stubble and fall sown wheat w7re found very lightly infested. There is considerable volunteer --heat in the fields which was found to be moderately infested. The puparia in the volunteer wheat wereonly lightly parasitized. Z. ,- Rumsey (February 18): 'This insect was not reported to us last year. H. DO Smith (February 3): Both wheat stubble and fall sown -heat were found very lightly infested. There was not sufficient volun- teer wheat to be a factor for Hessian fly infestation. J. 0. Pepper (February 21): There have been no complaints about the Hessian fly in the past two years and no specimens have been collected during this time. J S. Houser (February 11): There is some prospect of damage by the Hessian fly in Ohio this coming year, particularly in the west-central part of the State where the -heat-field survey last season indicated that about a dozen counties "-est of Columbus were rather badly infested, A more disturbing factor, holvever, is the fact that over much of the wheat-producing section of Ohio harvest was delayed by wet weather to the point here the grain shattered badly. The fall months were un--isu-nlly wet and this resulted in the shattered grain sprouting, and since clover is a very poor stand we have much more volunteer wheat than is normal, Much of this volunteer wheat which "-e have examined is heavily infested and gives promise of furnishing quite a heavy spring brood. -10- Michigan Wisconsin Illinois South Dakota Ieb raska Kansas Cklahomr .-ontaiia California I. H. Pettit (February 11): Just now the Hessian fly is present in only a scattering way in Hic-iigan, so far as I kn.ow S. B. Frc-:ker (February 18): Fare, no reports in 1926. 7. P. Flint (February 15): Moderately abundant in volunteer wheat in most areas in the State. Volunt-er 'heat is present in nearly all stubble fields. There "ill be some infestation from this source in the spring. ITearly all sown wheat -a-s planted very late, but in most sections of the State but few fields -ere sown before the fall rains, and a little infestation exists in the so-'n -.7heat. The few examinations made show that the fly survived the winter. H. C, Severin (February 12): The Hessian fly ras ver7 scarce in South Dakota-during the past j'ear. UH. S-enk (February 10): In a general way -e 1-no- that the esszian fly is not particularly nu->-Lrous in the -inter -heat fields at this time, and 1e do not anticipate much, if any, commercial damage to the winter wheat crop of 1927. J. 7. -cColloch (February 11): There is a rather general in- festation of the Hessian fly over much of the State, and in some of the south-central counties, such as R:1ing.n, Reno, ?ni Pratt, there has been some loss, due to this insect. Throughout most of the State, ho,-ever, the infestation is 'c"cc-7ratively light & but promises to increase this spring. C. 3. Sanborn (February 11): The Hessian fly is more abundant than usual and has increased the area of infestation over any year prec?'i- It now extends as far south as the southern bound--r-- of Payne County, and. as far -est as 8 miles -est of Alva. The north est mart of the State, '''herein the infestation lies, is not unifor-ly infest-.'. Some infestations are heavy, others light. C. 3. Rude (February 14): Early planted -heat in 7ools, Alfalfa, Grant, &hzs, GarfieldC, :oble, and ?yae Counties is quite heavily infested. In Garfield County fully 50 per cent of the crop is infested. Greater ab'_nd-nce as compared with an average year. Five sar-ples of IC0 plants each fror2 five points in fields showed infestation running from 0 to 95 per cent. W. B. Mabee (February 15): The Hes iaan fly, which came into iontana a fe, years a:,o, has -auctically disapwe-ire1.. In a survey last fl of the 1:,. --'ously i~ifestc.i territory, I could find no signs of it. It "Us ap-3 -ently receded from uonta". T. D. Urba-'ns (February 17): The H essian fly has been reported active in the fields since Janxary b7, Mr. C rt-riCibt of U. S. Bureau of Entomolor, hile'li.ght infestations ere known to -11- .-. Nebraska occur in the upper Stctqjiterito Valley bnl the Coast districts. This insect is of economic importance only in the regions immediately adjoining the lower Sacramento River and San Francisco Bay district, TOOTHED FLEA BE3TLE (Chaetocnema denticulqta 111.) M. H. Swenk (December 31): During the third week in October from Hamilton County there came a report of an abundance of the toothed flea beetle feeding on young wheat. GREPTF BUG (To:xoptera graminum Rond.) West Virginia South Carolina Michi ga n Alabama - Mississip-pi Louisiana Wisconsin South Bakota Nebraska Kansas Oklahoma W. EP Rumsey (February 18): We received no reports of outbree:s by this insect last year. J. 0. Pepper (February 21): On January 10, specimens of this insect were received from Oconee County and reported as destroying a two-acre field of oats. It possibly occurs in small numbers elsewhere in the State but has not been observed or reported. BR. H. Pettit (February 11): The green bug did some damage in 'ichigan for the first time last year. It was more troublesome in the far north than anywhere else, although here and there quite ood sized areas suffered. J. NM. Robinson (February 11): The green bug was not observed last fall or this spring in Alabama. R& W. Earned (February 21): The green bug is seldom a pest of importance in Mississippi, So far this spring we have received no reports about it. W. F. Hinds (February 17): The green bug is apparently unusually abundant- this spring, . So B. Fracker (February 18): Serious damage in some fields in Ashland, Bayfield, Clark, Florence, Oconto, Taylor, Racine, and St. Croix Counties in 1926. H. C. Severin (February 12): The green bug was fairly abundant in South Dakota during the last year and did some harm. It is only occasionally that this insect is found in our State. d M. H. Srenk (February 10): No infestation of the green bug hae come to our notice during the past fall or winter. J. W. LicColloch (February 11): As far as our records go the green bug has not been reported in the State this fall br winter. C. E. Sanborn (February 11): The green bug is again prevalent and has been prevalent all winter. Some known infestations occur Texas Colorado Ari zona California Pennsylvania 77est Virginia South Carolina Florida in Canadian and I'ingfisher Counties. A few specirmnns have also been taken in Payne County, but no p--rticular field infestations have been report:i. C. S. r'ude (February 14): Tie -reen bug shored up in Love County much earlier than usual. In no case is it "idely scattered, it being still found in small patches. Also reported from Canadian and Kingfisher Counties. F. L. Thomas (February 17): We have recently received information with reference to the occurrence of the -.repn bug in Wise County. T7. B. Mabee (February 16): Nearly every year ve have one or two more or less local outbreaks of the greern bug in the lower Arkansas Valley. It seldom is very serious, doing its damage mostly to oats but sometimes to heatt also. A. A. Nichol (February 15): The green bug is present in the Salt River Valley but there are no records of injury, and grain crops are seemingly in excellent condition. T. D. Urbahns (February 17): The green bug is found only upon careful search by a specialist, and is not considered of economic importance. E. 0. Essig (Febru-.ry 23): Uoticed last winter but not this. CHII'CU BUG (Blissus leucopterus Say) H. E. Hodkiss (February 16): The chinch bug ordinarily is not a pest. There was an outbreak in 1926 in three counties rather widely separated. The cause of this outbreak was not clearly ascertained. It did not gain serious proportions. "7.. E. Rumsey (February 18): No outbreak of this insect 'as reported to us last year. J. 0. Pepper (Februnry 21): This insect ras present the past year in rather large numbers in a number of localities of the".Piddmont Section of the State. It caused very serious injury to late corn, In York County, a few small areas of late corn -ere completely destroyed. Apparently a large number went into hibernation and so far we have not had any very severe weather this winter. To survey has been made to check up on the number surviving the winter. E. -. Berber (February 24): This insect is kno'n to be present in the St. .u-stine *rass Inrns but does not apncar to be active. The chinch bug, to my obser--ttion, doe- itsworst injury in the Michi gan Wisconsin Illinois Mississippi loui siana South Dakota Nebraska Kansas Oklahoma California St. Augustine grass la'7ns during the fall or during the drier spells in late sumrner. R. H., Pettit (February 11): The chinch bug is present in small numbers, in the southeastern part of the State only. S. B. Fracker (February 18): Very rare, no specimens collected for several years. W7. P. Flint (February 15): Present in numbers sufficient to cause damage in a few southwestern or southwest-central counties. R. W. Earned (February 21): During the summer of 1926 the chinch bug appeared in injurious numbers at several places, but was not reported so frequently as during the two preceding summers. Te have no reason to believe that this insect will be abundant during 1927. W. E, Hinds (February 17): The chinch bug is not often abundant enough to cause any complaint. H. C. Severin (February 1P): The chinch bug has been reduced to such numbers through weather conditions that it is agin negligible. M. H. Swenk (February 10): The chinch bug,we --now, went into the winter in abundance in a large district in southeastern :Tebraska. We have planned to investigate to determine the approximate winter mortality, which we suspect may run fairly high, but as yet we have not been able to mo-e the necessary survey. J. W. McColloch (February 11): The chinch bug situation is rather alarming. More bugs went into hibernation this fall in the nonth- eastern fourthh of the State than at any time in the last ten years. Climatic conditions have not caused any high mortality, and because of snovs and rpins it has not been possible to carry on as much burning as was formerly done. In view of these facts, it would appear that the chinch bug will be a major problem '-ith us during the coming season. C. S. Rude (Fabru-ry 14): In northeastern Oklah6ma chinch bugs can be found in the bunch grass but Pt present there is nothing to indicate that they will be more numerous than usual. Winter burning of waste land '"as practiced in localities where the bugs 'ere abundant last year. C. Z. Sanb6rn (February 11): The chinch bug infestation this year will probably be similar to that of last year. T. D. Urbahns (February 17): Thile recorded from California, it apparently does not make its aUpeerance in the field, and I do -14- Texas California not recall ever having'an infestation in this State of the true form, Blissus leucopterus. , E, 0. Essig (February 23): So scarce that it can not be found for collections. t " CO02T AR "'.CI.-M (Heliothis 0bsoletq Fab.) T. C. Barber (February 21): EBastinl ears for sale in the local city market at Broimn^lle are heavily attached by the corn ear worn] The -'orms are of all sizes from very small to large, indicting a continuous winter development of the species. ALFALFA ALFALFA .ATE.. ILLA (Z,>r:us e'rnthe:ni Boisd.1.) T. D. Urbahns (Febriary 17): This insect '-.s not so abundant during the season of 1926 as it has b:n for a nlr.brr of years -ornvious, although this insect constantly cau-ed heavy losses to alfalfa growers extending from the Irre)crial Valley in the southern part of the State through the San Joaquin and Sacramcnto Vall:y1s to the north. ' G? 7 T CLOVER 70' (Plathypana scabra Fab.) Mississippi R. 7. Earned (February 5): During the lattc-r part of January moths of the green clover r-orm 'ere recei-ed from luka in Tishoming0 County, and Sibley in Adams Couity, and also vere observed flying here at A. & M. College. G-r'T_ JTJI: BEETLE (Cotinis nitida L.) ::orth Carolina -7. A. Thorn:s (January 20): Sc'cral rcsii?:ints of this to-rn have complained of something destroying their la-n grass within the past few days. An e-,i':i otion of so:e lawns has beEn made and these were found to be heavily infested -ith -hite grubs. In some places the grass was almost completely covered "ith the loose earth brought to the surface by the grubs. The nc'-ly opened burrows are very conspicuous early in the mornings and give the lan an unsiyitly appearance. This is the heaviest infestation the writer has observed in this section (Thadbourn) and should it continue through spring serious damage is almost certain to occur. FR U I T I ':T S E' T S GAHIER AE AFHI rDAE i. S. Hough (February 16): Aphis eggs are more abundant on apple Vireinin Illinois California Connecticut Rhode Island New York Pennsylvania twigs in the orchards of northern Virginia than has been observed in this coctlon (Winchester) for the past five years. Although the winter has been very mild, no eggs have shown the outer shell cracked at the time of this writing. CODLING MOTH (Carpocapsa pomonella L.) W, P. Flint (February 15): Recent -::-rnnations in southern and -estern Illinois by Mr. Chsn'-er anc n'. Bigger show that a high percentage of overwintering larvae have survived. In many orchards large numbers of larvae are fotind on the trunks of trees, and from present indications, we can expect serious trouble with this insect again in 1927, provided the season is at all favorable. T. D, Urbahns (February 17): The codling moth has been unusually destructive in view of the lo7 prices of apples and the lack of proper and thorough spraying by many apple growers. In the pear districts this species is more readily controlled, although the total losses to pear growers -ould run into many thousands of dollars. SAN JOSE SCALE (Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst.) W, E. Britton (March 1): The San Jose scale is not an important pest in commercial orc'Lrds where dormant sprays are given onqe in three or four -ers. 7e find it occasionally on neglected trees but even there it does not seem to be injuring then seriously. A. E, Stene (Iarch 2): We have not observed any alarmingly large infestations of this insect. We come across it occasionally, but there is no indication that it is any more numerous than it has been for the last few years. P. J# Parrott (February 14): This species plays a very insignificant role at present. During the fall of 1926 there -ere mailed to us at different times specimens of apples which sho-ed infestation, and we observed the scale also during the summer of that year on three-year-old plantings of apples, some of the trees of which were badly infested. Generally speaking, the pest is of no importance in commercial orchards. It is rarely mentioned at meetings of fruit growers and we are seldom called upon to give recoir-:en'.2tionS relative to control measures. Commercial growers are no longer apprehensive relative to its activities, and if spotting of fr-tit, especially apples, is noticed, they know how to handle it effe-tively without calling on S tate agencies for assistance. T. L. Guyton (February 16): The San Jose scale seems to be less abundant than last year. This is just a general impression gathered by the men as they go about, both in the nursery inspection and in the handling of fruit, particularly apples. We have made no official count. *'I66- Delaware Maryland West Virginia South Carolina Georgia Florida H. E. Hod L-is (February 16): The San Jose scale is not a State- wide protiz-r, in Pcnnrlv.-ania. There are only a few isolated or- chards where the sale has increased to any extent. There are some indications of increased development where spraying has been poor, othb--ise the scale is an unimportant consideration. H. L. Dozier (February 14): The San Jose scale has not been a factor in Dcla -ire orchards for a number of years. At one time in the nineties it was considered our worst and most menacing problem, but now, either because of the more or less systematic spraying of the orchards or else through the agencies of natural parasites, this scale is no longer a serious thing with us. In fact only occasionally does it show up abundantly enough to require remedial measures. P. Do Sanders (February 25): The San Jpse scale is on the increase in 1laryland. This noticeable increase can be traced to two general tendencies in the State for the past few years, 1. The commercial fruit gro-ers are making an effort to reduce the cost of production by spraying for the scale every other year. As a result considerable fruit injury was noticeable last fall in the commercial orchards. 2. Poor spraying by the small orchardists has allowed the scale to increase. This is especially true in western M4ary~and where the small orchard is most abundant. We E: Rumsey (February 18): The San Jose scale occurs throughout the State but is kept down by the regular spray program of the orchardists. It still does itsdamage on fruit trees in village lots and hom-e orchards that are not properly cared for. J. 0. Pepper (February 21): In the Sand Hill or northeastern section of the State an unusual infestation of scale occurred on peach trees this winter. In many orchards parts of trees have been killed. From all observations it appears that lubricating oil emulsions as well as lime sulphur te failed to control. Iluch effort is bein.- put forth to kill the scale out in this section with this yeerb dormant spraying. Monthly Letter of the Bureau of Entomology, 1;o.152 (December,1926): Observations in the past few months have shown a very heavy mortality of the San Jose scale in the Georgia peach belt; heavier than at any other time in the last five years. It is believed to be due to twice-stabbed ladybird beetles. In many cpses the scale coverings with no bodies under them were found clinging to the trees. The question has arisen whether the unusual abun- dance of ladybird beetles in 1926 is in any way correlated mith the general use of lubricati.ig-oil emulsions for the last several years. E. W Berger (February 24): The San Jose scale is present but I am not aware that there hn.- been tnrthing unusu-1 in its development. -17- Illinois Michi gan Wtsconsin South Dakota Nelbtaska Oklahoma J. S. Roiuser (February 11): The San Jose scale, from reports received this winter and on the basis of some observations made, is perhaps only slightly more abundant than last year. On the whole, I think it can be stated that the standard controls recommended are effectively holding the insect in check where the spraying is properly done. Moreover, natural controls are operatingquite effectively in many sections of the State and the scale does not seem to be making great progress even where no dormant spraying is done. W. P. Flint (February 16): The winter survival is apparently about normal. Examinations made during the last month of unsprayed material show ffom 30 to 45 per cent of the scale alive. These examinations would apply in general to conditions in southern Illinois. Very few badly infested orchards can be found in our larger orchard district; owing mainly to the general use of emulsions for scale control. R. H. Pettit (February 11): The San Jose scale is not making itself an outstanding pest at all. As a matter of fact, me hear a very little about it these days, perhaps because delayed dormant spraying is being pretty universally done. So B. Fracker (February 18): Not now known northwest of Madison. Injurious in Ozaukee and Kenosha Counties. Has been brought under satisfactory control for the present by spraying in Racine, Walworth, and Dane Counties. H, C, Severin (February 12): The San Jose scale made i-appearance in South Dakota on several different occasions during the past fifteen years, but each introduction was destroyed through burning of infested stock. M. H. Swenk (February 10): No infestations of the San Jose scale have come to our notice during the past fall or winter, C. S. Rude (February 14): The San. Jose scale is widely scattered over the State and as yet the farm people are not taking hold of clean-up measures readily. C. B. Sanborn (February 11): The San Jose scale is more generally prevalent than common and did more damage last year than during many preceding years. Alabama J. M, Robinson (February 11): The San Jose scale was present in about the usual abundance over the State. Mississ-i. iDoi R. 7. Harned (February 21): The San Jose scale is not fairly abundant in every county of Miississippi. It -ould- probably be difficult to find an orchard of deciduous fruit trees that is not more or less infested. The fruit trees growing in practically every town and village in the State are also more or less infested. The commercial orchards and many of the home orchards are sprayed regularly each Louisiana Colorado Idaho winter with a lormant spray, and uhder such conditions the scale is of little imrDrtance. Although the San Jose scale is probably our most important fr-it-tr2e pest, -e find that most of the trees are able to survive many years eve-n thoup infested with this insect. Of course, young small trees that become infested frequently succumb, but after the trees have survived to an age of three or four years, they are usually able to survive for a much longer period. These trees, of course, are probably not so vigorous and profitable as trees that are sprayed and kept practically free of scale insects, but I have on numerous occasions, observed trees to remain infested with the scale for many years and continue to bear quite profitable crops from year to year. It would seem that in many cases this is due to partial natural control of the insects combined with the resistance of the trees. Our nurseries are kept free of the scale and no trees are allowed to be sold under any conditions that show scale markings. As a precautionary measure all deciduous trees are fbmigated with hydrocyanic-acid gas, but any that show scale markings must be discarded, W. E. Hinds (February 17): The San Jose scale is undoubtedly serious wherever it occurs, and we have no doubt that it had continuous breeding through the winter season. C. P. Gillette (February 16): 'e have had no inquiries concerning the San Jose scale during the past year. We know, however, that the scale does occur in some of the orchards in the vicinity of Grand Junction, and probably there is some extremely slight infestation in one locality in Delta County, but for the past t'70 years we have been unable to find any specimens of it at all. In the Grand Junction area we try to treat promptly every orchard where an infestation occurs, but have never been quite able to stamp the insect out. It does very slight damage to the fruit crop in this State, C. Wakeland (February 15): Severe infestations of the San Jose scale on fruit trees occurred only on trees in areas where there had been a small percentage of the insects that survived the winter of 1924- 25. These areas were known and spraying was carried on generally in restricted communities in the spring of 1926. As reported in 1926, very little dormant spraying ""as done in the spring of 1925, and it was not needed, for the winter preceding had killed the insects completely in the fruiting areas of and on all portions of the trees above snow line. Killing was so complete that in large areas there has not been sufficient increase of scale insects to justify the application of dormant sprays again in 1926. There are a fer localities even "'here it appears that spraying will not be conducted this season, so complete w"as .the destruction of scale insects in December, 1924. During the past season a noticeable increase has taken place in all areas -here there as a slight hold-over of live insects in 1924-25. In many localities there was little or no injury to fruit during 1926, but the insects are scattered in the fruiting areas of many trees now where they are not suspected by the grower, and -1-- Arizona Oregon California California doubtless heavy injury will occur in mrny localities this season sci leps n'tAol 7i0371'7 i S--cticd ThCe -inters of 1925- 2. .a. :..2- 7 .. b..n favrablfr .he K survi of a large percrent.a f cn'. e -.i'i. .jw T. .rau' a r resch zero at th>-" -tatior. in 195-25 and 5 has bc., the minimum for the present winter. A. A. "T-' hl (Fbi.ruary -15):. Fo'nd scetterin4l, over the State, a-it par';:' : 2ris Jn vtii" 'h o.v Vl hre aeditjoii I. rcc s b death of-:,. :nr J peach trees have been ms.e, A ".- sc-rp- i"festatirn 'as fot.d on Czttoneastorr and rlc'J;K. s: an orn.,en'j-ie n.-t.%. ".- pest in this case v evidently introduced into Arizona. Do' C, Mote (5briuary 23): y T-'o years ago '-'e made a survey in this district near Ccrvallis. anad were unable to find a s-ifficiont q-,zantity of the S.n Jose scale for experimental tests. ":!.s year we have received only one r-.iuest for information con.:erning control, in which the writer reported a light infestation in his pear orchard. T, D. Urlains (F.-brubry 17): The San Jose scale occurs throuah- out the State in pear, apple, and p-ach orchards, but is held in check by the usual lime-sulphur s a... anpl1icti ons, :? .dis at present of ,.co'.o-ic importance 6ily -in sc;.t-cered orchrdrs, soae in 'oba County, others in Kints County. If our spraying ,ith lime-sulphur solutions 77ere dis cont i. nue, Lthis scale wouldd undoubtedly be of v-ry outstanding L..-.orta-nce in the course of t,7o or thrIo years. E. 0. Essig (Februa.ry 23): IToticed in a fe-' districts this winter- --ot a serious pest as y-t- RED SPID3 (Tetran'chus te' r5.,us L.) T, D. Urbahns (February 17): Orchard mites are probably among the outstanding pests of economic importance in California. The common red spider heads the .ist in its destruction to the deciduous fruit trees, especially the French prunes, peaches, almonds, figs, and grapes, and. in addition to this, it fre- quently destroys fields of beans, cucumbers, and cotton. A:T ATC:LIAI. ^nqoala sp.) Mississippi R. 7. Earned (Feb-riary 17), Fpe-tot F. P. Amsler has found beetles att-...r.ing the te:';riual 'I" of a-tr tre .Per.nton, They are rcred as "i. at nigho -'.: o"anr stated that LBRARY STATE PLANT BOARD Galifornia he -as first bothered by these beetles in 1V25, They -ere not noticed dilxing 1926. This year they have a-peared in larger ninbjrs than two y-ars ago. These beetles have been tentatively identified by iMr. J. Ii, Langston as Apnomala unrdulata. ? PEAR L.JF BLISTER 1ITE (Er onhvec pRi Pgst.) T. D. UJrbhnis (February 17): The pear leaf blister mite has becn very destructive, causing a loss to peer crn=ers -hich would probably total some-here near $100.000 for the different districts of the State. PE'CH T7IG OREF.R (Anarsia lineatella Zell.) California T. D, Urbahns (February 17): The peach t-ig'borer is probably the insect of greatest economic importance in California in view of the immense production of canning and shipping peaches. There are two and three generations in different parts of the State, and the destructiveness of this insect is extended throughout the entire interior valley district as well as southern California. PLUM CLOVER i'ITE (Bryobia praetiosa Koch) California T, D. Urbahbns (February 17): The clover mite, k1no-n locally as the almond mite, is especially destructive on almonds and prunes throughout the Coast districts and interior valleys of northern and central California. APRICOT SCALE (Lecanium corni Bouche) California Mississippi Tq D. Urb-hns (February 17): The brown apricot scale continues to develop in abundance on prune trees in most of the przune- gro-ing districts and on apricots --herever they are gro'h through- out the State. Peach, pear, and plum trees also frequently become infested to the extent of requiring special control measures. PECAN FLAT-HEADED APPLE TRE3 BOERl (Chryvobotnris femorata Fab.) R. 7. Earned (February 5): A correspondent at Jackson wrote on January 29 as follo-s: "Last year we set out 1,000 pecan trees of which 146 died. On removing these for replacement it was found that although the tops were dead, the roots of the majority of them appeared to be alive and this kind of worm was -21- California found ih the trunk at the ground surface." The specimens that accor,-poe-ied this letter --'ere idIentified by Mr. J. :. Langston as Chrysobothris femorata Fab. SOtUTH JI[ GRrE S.:71: BUG (Yezara viridula L. ) T, D. Urbahns (February 19): Q'uite a-inumber of complaints re- garding Uerncil-spot of '-cna:i accompanied by nuts s'loing this trouble have been received from all sections of the State during the past two weeks. The southern green plant bug or stink bug is usually blamed for this injury. The nuts -ere punctured by insects during the past summer. Te believe that kernel-spot of pecan was more -idespread and more serious during 1926 than during any previous" year. Of course, other insects may have caused part of this injury. *7e have no definite data to indicate what' species of insects -ere concerned in causing this injury, but assign it to Uezara viridula as that species usually gets the blame. CITRUS .JTD SBTRPICAL FRUIT E hlYBUGS (Pseudococcus spp.) Ca lifornia T. D. Urbahns (February 17); iMealybugs. of several species, including Pseudococcus citri Risso, Pseudococcus maritimus Ehrh,, Pseudococcus gahani Green, and others continue as serious pests of citrus trees, while they are also causing considerable loss to grape and pear gro-rers. In addition to this, they are considered of cco.-iomic importance to ornamental nursery stock. SCALE INSECTS (Coccidae) California T. D. Urbahns (February 17): Citrus scale insects, including the gray scale, Coccus citricola Champ.,the black scale, Saissetia oleae ?arn.,the red scale, Chrysomphalus aurantii I'ask., and others continue to be very destructive throughout r:-any of the orange and lemon districts. In some districts control is reasonably successful by the use of oil sprays, while in others double treatment by both spraying and fumigation is necessary. SPIRA3A APHID (Aphis sniraecola Patch) Florida J. R. Tatson (February 15): Citrus aphids, -hich were getting very numerous in December, received a severe setback in January through the killing of all tender foliage by: the severe freezes of that month,. Most of them starved to death through lack of food, However, they are rapidly increasing and. give Dromise cf doing damage to the tangerine crop, and perhaps to the blossoms of orange. -22- Wtff6rnia EUJROPEAN RED SPID2 (raretetranychus pilosus Can, & Fanz.) T. D, Urbahns (February 17): The European red mite, known in California as the citrus red spider, is generally dis- tributed throughout California, but most severely attacks the fruit trees through some of the southern counties and in the San Joaquin Valley. It is frequently found present in rather abundant numbers. FIG SCALE (Lepidosaphes ficus Sign,) California T. D. Urbahns (February 17): The fig scale is gradually increasing in abundance throughout the central San Joaquin Valley and becoming quite a serious pest of the Kadata or canning figs, as well as the drying figs. a TRUCK-CROP I INSECT S ": ISCELLEOUS FEEDERS :OGITARCH (An sia plexippus L.) IIissi ssippi Mi ssi ssippi Alabarra. K. L.Cockerham (October 31): On this date I observed a very unusual flight of these butterflies. There were literally thousands of them in flight, and all going in a westerly di- rection. The flijTht continued for a good portion of the day, and is the first great flight of this species that I have observed at this locality (Biloxi). FOUR-SPOTTED CABB.-.GE FLE.A BEZTLE (Phyllotreta bipustulata Fab.) R. 7. Harned (February 10): At McComb, in Pike County, this insect was attacking tomato, eggplant, beet, pepper, and tur- nip plants. CU'T''C.,MS (17octuidae) J. ',. Robinson (February 11): Cutworms have been active throughout December and January, attacking vegetables parti- cularly. ?1-- D COR IT 1GGCT (Hvlemyia cilicrura Rond.) :~ississippi "Iississippi R. '. Harned (February 5): Three rather serious complaints in regard to the seed corn maggot have been received recently. One farmer, at Bassfield, --.,rote as follows, on January 25: "!They '7-ere killing all my English peas, turnips radishes, and in lact all plants that have come up so far. The county agent at Purvis sent specimens to us on January 29, and stated that they were ruining English peas. Inspector Y. D. Peets sent specimens from Crystal Springs on February 1, with the in- formation that they had destroyed 1- acres of cabbage. TU?:TIPS TU-.1IP APHID .(PR'jPalosi'-im pseudobrassicae Davis) SPOGTTED UCUir--M: :7ZLE (Diabrotica duodci.Y.rpun itt- Fab.) R. ;,. Harned (February 5): Inspector R. P. Colmer, at i"oss Point, reported as follow's on January 19. "In December I-;as called to Lucedale in George;.County to investigate insects that --ere d-'-',--- :ing turnips. Besides the turnip louse I found D. duodecimpmctata eatii;- some of the turnips. The Trorst thing about thesu beetles %as that they -ere clin-inrL to the leaves as the plants -ere bein_ gathered for canning. The o-mer feared that some of them -o-uld be cm7,LId -:ith the leaves -24- Louisisno and that he ni -.t be liable for a dc:-. : suit. I recommended that he dust. ith nicotine sulphate ahead of the pickers. This Eavc excellent results and the beetles caused no more trouble. The nicotine has also kept the lice do=i." R. 7. Harned (J.-nupry 19): This plant louse, 2h:;'alosiohum Fi'd,-__'lrr-zir'-e Davis, has been ezpeci-lly ab"'n`?nt dU-.ring the fall and :i le. Complaints have be*a received from many ;-arts of :'ississippi. At ..,.y places it seems to have co,.plctely de- stroyed the winter t-nlip crop. 7. E. Hi:id (February 17): The turnip aphid at 3aton Rouge is apparently unusually abundant this sprin. TURJIP ~._VIL (Listroderes obliquus Gyll.) R. '. Harne i (January 19): A letter from Dr. L. 0. Ho-ard, dated January 12, 1927, is as follows: "The 12rvae on forretme- nots collected at rrookhaven, t[iss., and scait in by you on Jan- uary oth, have co e;:amined by Dr. rei who tells me that they are partly -., larvae of Li rc erss obi c;':uis. U Sp.ci- TI- of this insect feedin,- on Jxi-.Ips re.:e also received from Gloster, on Janua" 13. A complaint in re.ai-d to &Tma-e caused- to turnips ;as also received frol. Brcotchaven, on January 13. (Febru=:' 5): 5 2uite a fc- c:-- a--ints have been recei-'d re- cently in r1:-ri, to damage doone to truck crops by the turnip weevil. Serious ':..: _e to lettuce and tu:.ips at Batties')urg was reported on Jrnu.r-y _7L. ne cro-'er at Zllisviile stated, on Jf.6.u.r' 25, tht these insects had dest:'o-,ci one-half acre of turnips on his property. Anotl.' r grower,at Barto, in Pike County, stated that they -ere eating his turnips, lettuce, and cabba:-. One complaint in re.- to d-ma-e done by this insect to onions -ros received cn February 1, from Laurel. On Fc'cruary 9, a correTron',nt at :!cCorcb, Pi':c County, seit tomato plants that had been eaten by insects. These -ere accompaLnied by a number of small larvae tr<-.t J. '::. T._.: --ton tentatively deter- mined as Listroderes ol1I'1. The correspondent also reported that these insec'? :-ere eating e -plant, pepper, beet, and tur- nip plants. Or- February 9, Inseroctor J. E. 7cvilly re:.crted a 100 per cent infestation of this insect in a turnip patch be- longing to a .ro'-cr at T7aynesboro, Wayne County. R. 'F. Harned (cbjru,'ry 25): Listroderes obliquus continue to be by far the -ost i.':ortant Fcst of *,crdc .z. in the southern part of the State. Serious complaints i:. regrd to the i"ury caused by this species Lw-c r-c 2ntly been rLcci-.-el from Jac.z-n, Jones, Perry, and ,TCyne Counties. Thzse reports indicate that the turnip crop is one of those most sericuf-ly injured. T.'.is really is serious becauc-- one of our =est i'->ortant green vcje- tables at this time of the year is turnip greens. ,'i s si ssippi -25- Louisiana Florida Oregon W. E. Hinds (February 17): The Australian tomato weevil larvae were very abundant and seriously injuring crops of carrots, shallots, etc., around Destrehan and St. Rose during the last week of January. Control by dusting with calcium arsenate was satisfactory on carrots and exposed leaf areas F'hile applications of sodium silicofluoride :;lth 10 per cernt hydrated limc appear-'d to kill not only the larvae that -ere on the eypoc-l surface of shallot leaves but even those Chich had burrow-d in and were en- tirely concealed within the leaf, WAVY STRIPED FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta sinuata Steph.) M. D. Leonard (October 7): About an acre of oumi plants of turnips at Arcadia were being badly damaged, the leaves being riddled with holes. TR. Y ROT STVIL (Brachyrhinus vatus L.) CTRJi.BERY ROOT ,7ZEVIL (Brachyfrhnus ovatus L.) D. C. MIote (February 23): On February 9 w7e found overwintering adults of rTcbv.'hinus ovatus. '."e examined abo-.t 6 plants in a 4-acre field and found from three to five live 7,ee--ils to a plant. We also found the im.nature larvae in the soil near the fibrous roots. Every plant e exa-ined also contained the larval stage of the crov.-n moth. .eria rutilans Fy. d. A PL.-TT BUG (Pamera sr. ) Elorida J. R. Watson (February 15): Unusually dry weather during Jan- uary and the first half of February caused considerable trouble on strawberries by this species. It is unusually troublesome to strawberries in late spring (April and ."ay), but seldom gets abundant at this time of the year. PED SFIDER (Tetranychus sp.) Slorida oui siana J. R. 4atson (February 15): Unusually dry weather during Jan- uary and the first half of February csaued considerable trouble on straw-berries from red spiders. Th'-se spiders are unusually troubleso.-e to strawberries in late spring (April and May), but seldom get abundant at this time of the year. 7. E. Hinds (February 17): Red spiiers are exceptionally abun- dant, as winter host plants have not been killed. D-.!miage to strawberries from red spider attacl- is greater than usual. -2o- Mi s i SSippi R. 7. Hrned (February 25): On January 17, K-. F- :. Harrison collected sorme.larvae on strawberry plants at Picayun-. These were sent to Dr. L. 0. Howard. A letter from hir. dated Febru- ary 1, states that they were determined by Vr. Buust 3usck as -yralids, not the stra--berry leaf-roller Ancylis. comnrtann Frool. BAITDED CUCLUHER -ZEETLE (Diabrotica balteata Lec. ) Florida :1. D. Leonard (October 19): Toderately abundant in several patches of beans and on volunteer corn plants at Hastings, but doing no appreciable injury. r. Fletcher, vho dLtermin~d the specimens, states that he is unable to find a previous record of the occurrence of this species in Florida. PEAS PEiA APHID (Illinoia pisi Kalt.) Alabama C1:1 ahorra J. I. Robinson (February 11): The pea aphid is showing up in vetch fields, giving the field the appearance of brown spots. The para3ites, however, and predacious insects are trying to catch up with the aphid infestation. C. E. Sanborn (February 11): The pea aphid is present in Wood- ward County and doubtless prevalent in other counties although not reported. California "ESTTRI: SPOTTED CUCUTER BFETLE (Diabrotica soror Lec.) T. D. UJrbahns (February 17): This insect has apparently been incrLasing in numbers. It develops mostly in the grain fields and alfalfa fields, and the adults later migrate to truck crops, including such as melons and celery. The adults also attack the ripe fruit of apricots and peaches as '-ell as the foliage and blossoms of various fruit trees. ONIONS 01101O TE-IPS (Thrips tabaci L.) Loui siana 7. L. Hinds (February 17): The onion thrips arec particularly 1'aundant and c .riouv in their attack on int..r ,--oving crops of onions, shallots, carrots, etc. -27- C2IJ Y MOLE CRI CIET Florida :.ontana Utah Mississippi H. D. Leonard (October 7): Several plantings set in a field at Sneed's Island, ::anatee County, are moderately infested. The land being prepared for the reception of celery plants is liberally infested by the burrows. BZETS SUG.-ARBErZT LEJHDEFPLR (Sutettix tenellus Baker) 3. 3. ::abee ('ebruary 15): Last fall a survey was made to de- termine the presence or absence of the sugarbeet leafhopper. This insect was found in Sanders, Lake, :issoula, and PRivalli Counties, althcuTh-- not in very great numbers. ~e also secured one specimen in Jefferson County, and two in Park County. _7one riere fo'.un.' in our pressnt ssrfbareet ro-inz areas a-d at present we feel that it is rather doubtful tlit any of o1r te-.icory will furnish permanent breeding grounds for this insect. GRIT FE.,H APHID (iyzus persicae Sulz.) Geo. F. Knowlton (January 1I): This aphid is damaging beets used for experimental purposes in the greenhouse,.at Logan. COLORADO POThTO BEETLE (Leptin tarsa decemlineata Say) R. W7. Harned (February 25): Adults of the Colorado potato beetle ,;ere collected on Irish potatoes at Picayune, on February 21, by P. X. Harrison. CA3AG( &* COLL -TaD Mississippi R. '7. Harned (February 25): Reports in regard to the Harlequin cabbage bug have been received from different parts of the State,. The only specimens actually sent in, :iowcvur, came from collard plants at Vancleave, Jackson County, on February l14, and from Cumberland, '7ebstcr County, on February 8. Hk0ALEU.UIY (UG ,CFL7 TT! HIST al"IICA I. -) -2.3- SOUTHERN FIELD- CR 0P I T SECTS BOLL EVIL (nOTTO:nous randis Boh.) BOLL WJEEVIL ( nthonorrus grand is Boh.) South Carolina Florida Oklahoma Alabama ."ississippi J. e. --0 er (February 21): Very few ,eevils -'ere present in the Peidmont Section of the State during the entire season last year. In the Coastal Section very few "'ere present early in the season but a fair infestation could be found late in the sunmner. Taking the State as a whole the weevil ,as not a serious problem last year. io survey has been made to determine the number of weevils surviving the winter. E. F. Grossman through Z. '7. Berger (February 23): activity of the army leaf :-form in stripping a large per cent of the cotton fields, followed by a rather early frost -hich killed all new growth of cotton fruit, t -nded to cut down the :lumber of weevils fitted for successful hibernation. I,'eevils placed in hilernation cages were active to date (exceDtinr a period of one --'c.- follow- ing the coldest wave of the --inter), indicatii-n that the winter was not severe enough to considerably thin out those weevils whichh entered hibernation. continuedd mild weather should trin- a max- imum number of 7eovils out of hibernation. The infestation for the cunin- s1--son, however, is expected to be rather li-ht. C. E. Sanborn (February 11): The boll -eevil .7ill probably bo more serious since it dispersed extensively last fall, .-oing as far north as the Kansas line and probably enr.tering ?.:Ins.. It is doubtful, :.cr, if it went any farther westward than some of the original boundary lines of previous .-:'_rs. ..e have had indi- cations that the hibernating worms -ill ovorrinter nicely. C. S. Rude (February 14): Very large numbers of the .ccvil "ent into -winter quarters. The -cather and field conditions have been favorable for a large percenta.-e to live over 'int,-r. J. :'. Robinson (February 11): The boll weevil for Scfptc-bur, Oct- ober, and November, 1926, vjas consid-r-,bly above noerr-:l for thu rainfall which (according to Dr. Shelford) is an indication of an unusually large number of insects the following season. If tha.t is the principal factor we should hu a lot of insects this year. "ith the rainfall above normal for the thrce--.onth period last year the cotton plants as well as other v&.-etation gro1: vcrT profusely and there *,ere trec-ndous numbers of r-eivils in the cen- tral and southern parts of the State to ,-a into hibernation. 7e were able to get weevils in greater numbers in Auburn then "r'e have been in the last four years. Our lo-!est t ,mpjrature -as 110 -bove zero at Auturn the middle of January. "e have not been able to find any weevils at the :- resent time. R. W'. Earned (Febrii .-.- 25): Clay Lyle :iah,= the follo"iiv7 sum- mary of the boll -cevil situation: "The boll -.eevil infestation in .ississippi this spirn, ': -ill probably be rather ---,ott d, due to field conditions last fall. generally heavy infestation -as present over the State in early September, at which time practically all the fields '-ore defoliated by leaf v:orms. Follo'in-- this gen- eral defoliation, much of the older cotton, and especially that on poor land, died or failed to make any net: gro'r-h, resulting in a gTeatly reduced nveevil population. Ho7evcr, in some cases the younger cotton on bottom lands, stimulated by the fall rains, sprouted cut a-ain and furnishAd abundant food for the -covil until frost. As the past intor has been very mild, a survival above normal is probable in these latter areas." Louisiana -. E. Hi.-ids (FebrYary 17): io boll -'eevils have yet emerged from our hibernation ca -es and I have not had an opportunity to examine moss for -eevil population. Texas F. L. Thoma.s (February 17): The boll -ecvil is active in the Lo'-:er Rio Grande Valley on volunteer cotton. TL-:.-3.IA 7 EVIL (-nthonomuas ,randis thurberiac Pierce) .rizona N. .. iichol (February 15): Has boon found over a greatly incre,:C-.Id area in the southeastern part of the State. The original infcsata- tion records in Fima County have been extended up the Santa Cruz Valley into Santa Cruz Ccunty. In the Sulphur Springs Valley or Cochise County a g-ncraly distributed infestation -,as found. COTTOIT FLL.. H07-?. (Psallus seriatus P.ut.) Texas F. L. Thomas (February 17): Cotton flea hoppers began to emerge at College Station Februar- 1,. FIlK BOLL ,7OR (Pectinophora gopssy-piella Saund.) ._rizona California monthly y Ycr-s Letter, Vol. 9, Yo. 1 (Jca..u-.ry 15, 1927): A second infestation of the pink boll --orm of cotton has been found in the vicinity of Safford, Graham County, according to an announce- ment just mad, by the California Department of A Criculture. There are about o,000ooo acres of the present infst-ition, the DLpaxtment states, and this is the s,:co-u infestation found in ,rizona -ithin the last month. The infc3, -ation is of particular ci .-Iicance to California cotton because the pest is adapted to :,r.irid conditions, and if it should become established here r,-ill cause considerable damage-. The California quaranrtines relating to this post have been changed to apply to the State of rizoi.a. SUGA.RC.-," BC_30'RR (Diatraea saccharalis Fab.) ouisiana ". . Hinds (Fcbruary 17): Su;arcar-c borer hibernation appears to bl in much larger numbers than in l925-26. Rtcent examinations have. sho-.-n that -Diation h:-.-n during the first -eclc of Fc'r;i.ry and is no7 increasing steadily --rith a prospect that the first :ontana .issi ssippi -30- moths -il1 bo :ci.--in out before the end of this :.nth. This is at l, st six .-ee'.'s ea'li-r than in 1-2: -:-.d forecasts a serious attack' from this p-st in the early season vtith the prospect of six generations duri:.-: the year instead of five as occurred in 192G. I T S E C. T S A T T C x i : y A D D 0 E ST I C a :T I A L S :':OS 3. iabee February y 15): Another serious insect problem in this State is the mosquito in the northern section, principally in 31aine, Phill-;s, and Valley Counties. Mosquitoes of several species, including Aedes vexans Yi., .ee ec nigromacula2 e. luil. .,?,e-' curriei Colq. and many others are so abundant that 1'Jor will not work in the hay fields and it is practically i -.pcssible to use work horses or to keep dairy cattle in 'this area. It is really a very serious economic problem. "e expect to de'ote a considerable ar:ou1-it of time to this situation next yer. * A 3UTFF&LO G.2T.- (imu.li-j -,:u.U- Riley) R. W. 7i'-ned (February 25): Buffalo 5hn;ts have appeared in large numbers in Yazoo County during the past few days. :'e.-s- papcr reports state that 40 mules were killed by these gnats on the night of February 22. INSECTS I NTFESTI NGHOU SES AI D PR E II SE S rFEISILisPA SP. Nebra3'z. :. H. Swenk (February 1): During the first weck in Janury a comrplint was rcceivud from : ,-vilton County, accoroanicd by spec- imens, indicating that a cylindrical bark beetle of the -cnus 1.-rthn1 in n- as infcstir,- the flooring of a residence in Aurora, ar.d dc'inj- marked injur,o. S T O0 7 D :-". A I "' I Y S Z C T S 'i P. nlint (7obr":-r 15): r-e than, the usual number of rexor<_ Illinois :.Ar yland ii ssissippi of damage by this ciczs o1 insects have come in uw in-7 the -rec2-eC -,inter, due probabl-,- to a large extent to the condition in i the grain .-ras put into storage. HI. H. S'venk (.December 31): Complaints of injur- ttred--rY pests continue". t- cone in during the last h,1 of Ccto'z r ;r. up to th.e end of -ovr'Me 1, in more than usual iuLm;-rs. ANGOUJiOIS FRLrT IU:T: (Sitotroga cerealella Oliv.) Monthly Letter Bureau of Entomology Yo. 152, December, 1926: Perez 'ir-ors reports that recently he and G. "7. Ellington dis- covered that the ,angoumois grain moth larvae sometimes leave the grain and spin cocoons in the ground. This is a new fact that appears never before to have been recorded. A SMALL i2,TH (Blabophanes crocicapitella Clemnr) Perez Sim-mons (Ja!-uvry 23): Small, very active moths flyin- in a house were found to come from an infestation of case bearers feeding on dry onion skins in the bottom of a box of onions, at Tako-ia Park. This clothes-dnoth-like species has been recorded from birds' nests and dried white potato (August Busck) and from absinth seeds and refuse (';.T..i.Forbes: Lepidoptera of Ne-' York). Forbes gives the distribution as "1:'-T York to California, proba- bly general: also in Europe and Ha-aii." R. W. Harned (F-ebruary 25): Argentine ant infestations have recently been found at tv'o nel-I localities, Bond and Greenvrood Springs. All ant determinations are made by 1i. R. Smith. FIRE AJT (Solenopsis geminata Fab.) Mi ssissippi R. 7. Harned (February 25): 7,e are recoivinJ many complaints in' regard to the fire ant, Solenonsis -crinIatn Fab. These ants build their nests in ..-ardcns and caure trouble by their habit of taking the small seeds of recently planted vegetables, by their attendance on plant lice, and specially by their pugnacity. In infested gar- dens :,hen v getables or berries arc gathered, these ants come from their nests in th, soil ot the base of the plants and get on the hands of the o-'ncrc -,here they sting viciously. In a recent letter from Fayette it is ctatcd that an ant probablyy this species) enters the pipr.ed e--s 0of eege and kills the 'con__ before they emerge from the eggs. 41- e bra ka ,R.- '-I'- .i-q T (Iiirj o,.-Tmex hu.::ili 1 1:a.yr) UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 3 1262 09244 5336 U! i."' ..rE @ |