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Ift ~ ~ ..... .... FOUR COMMON SEED-DESTROYING SPARROWS. 1, Ji.io; 2, White-throated Sparrow; 8, Fox Sparrow; 4, Tree Sparrow. ' ii",,,L ....", .... ....... . ... .. ...... i i. T iR-i WI-- All '777-// WI 1 m 0** n h#0, # ir fir lma 41m 4 ILI # 44,mi 4M/i L f CNI 1A 4, jig, *7t- 46 A 44, jawc aw Uzu-41 jiod, Autterbftg'ft bosl rou M, to tf i*qt mi- In Om I- In wutod . . . . . .... UAV see elmet i o ---' _V detito ofgano ed.Ilr 'M*W umlytemstpoietan-fe b orihlg I.:_.y h Iymn- e loomeithr o thee crM wile,=my p"" sevc oarcutr ydsroigwe od sad edi ln u fpao eti fomdahbto osatl otn u fpmn -----1 inclivtd whthr ctnnl inajcn wsor, ------- cahpedW thy r awy th adenhy alotdtoueu prpitrhirIh fod n he n |.Sin4HOe ca pigu wil o ol chnef -AL ................ .... 1JD =4atog oe o t as so *a *a hoe a a4 eW|d'i wIk fo upssoioveitew mdso M~ms t many beaoieW pet -Th weVD4 IAM won otftdr amut fbit] hope such oracko~ma thisee ! tief re foethm hand cam & o n i m n fy ( f e o a d v n d b e t e D|bc fEtm119) 6)iin petadcranprsti aplkEyeotru isBaomw hlii ,adIhemud nubr fctriu-.Oe fteeprstcise in te bck o a aterillr fiom.20 t 2,00 egswhi inogu-ielrs htfeduo h at ise th caepla ota tisntal otason inoapreti net Th atta id ontdsrmnt ewe inwata i h amesc 8p mtcR1 meotr n anvru rudbels n thi thtaehrflt-isitrss e h entoologst, enjmin Washto dny teir usflns asisctdsrye& H asrs" th goddn ytecnupino nL ot is moeta oneblne ytedsmto of usflsei& Hsagueti htteea ,brt tieLsmn niiua netpssms thr ar neteeiswihabituo hx, an thtteeoen n!cioosbk nb beneacto utilit cn beshon tode~ry a may nurou s enfoilinecs Ap~dto" bidso hghyefecie waiesof.. ..7 ARM f Jwto* noluaiwot A r Wr jovl IL ,-4A wl* is a Slro" 4*00 dod `1 *000 Of 04 4 OjOCjj'jj 71= [ 41 a 1te i5o tat o6keftft Of, dowwit1w a 40 to Mog *tho'bir& whfl lhr - I 000MAY mowua t"v 1 0, A, 4r I*AKKU'*4k. IJ-) Oboar vatIoA of JA, so Y)o Sol Moe, 27 II" i"'sb Ofketfigi h attsbo bh& isem'gy4ea,,ytnyuMf 'M~t o th &W4W"W, o x m i at o n of t h Vw "? itaheaiainsosnohn st tUnyo th otiftt ie y oto h yon r eeal ndnitl ntesosh ZXPEUC, W A " Veryofte bids tat re to sy tobe atchd i kep Inatvt n xeietdwt.I h caflycnutdmc o elaL st h e~te, pefernce infood an quetios rlatig t *o tion'ofthe eed of frut ad weds y bids' ir exeimn shudb eetytapebcue h beenlon M''coninemnt sualy dvelo unaturl r ing refrencs i insct ood t i conenint t~pliTc a pic fcracoe ntecne fabw fwtrf vet hmfo saigadmkstecniin intecs fec id'Th net hudb q, Thus a air xpeimet wold e mde i a ady Ivd 9-noda)anda 1-spotedcucmbe beele Dia~roiic Ingthm inacg lototo ec fteprn feedng tem he ltte wil dro a argeproortin o insid thecage LAOAOYLAINTO FSMC mA Th otnso h rp orgles n tmceo ar xmndt id s ha lmns.o odteb and (2 eas ftefc ht h e lgao i n ofiscs ris n ed aeotns omntdta' t|aini elng ipsibe h ehdo rdv in th aoaoyo teBooia ure a]4n uain sa os:Tesoahi smomwt, r V, !% aw jf4 41# 40 t Ov ft ..U .... .. 'I 4F 09| 4-*-t A 1 #E IN I #m #E Xii 04; # # rmnM /71 3 4 |& FRGET|FGANADFUTFLDI ID'SOAH, 1.ftc gaisofco.5.ofwld ede 2.Mc riso wet f|08 IV S.Sac rano "7 4. Eido~ of ~tiatedchery. of ikybrry til i v ; .E': :" :.. .. .. .: ....: ...: .. :: .. o v":m := .i~ii!!!!:iimi* .". .".. "... i... ...... .... .. ..... .. ...:"m: iiii+ .:iii j +m ........... .. covenuf.m.4 P.uatanmuas~n dim famm el weeifilN ud-bele lanetrae easly b:: ........ reogied the re. hard jaws .ven vien t ...... - + : stomach has practically reduced the insect to .u.t W.e O\: Certain black wasps (X'ip7ie inmada) o.t .... *.: : :: -be recognized in the ataoahbythe .........tny. .. '... .. pioe of .the.cru of.the..i Siwi. thorax), which exeedinly sculptured by th S.. reel ridges (see P1r 11,'f g 1 ... TWM hMay-flies can usually be detested XWt Certain:::: + black wasps (Aphid, inrai) ftf Srettily reticuled eggs from witi i GI....u of iny pthe1 golden eglob..le of'i:eacha fig. 11). Bugs (Jeteroptera) mar be$ their back shields (scutella), which are mark edwibt: .: shape closely resemble equilateral triangles (swe P. 1 des by their jaws, which look like miniature co i h. minute eyes,, which resemble clusters of gemigi The remains of earnd thworms are identified wit the o: fig. 11). Bugs, (Hetertea): ma..+i~j thscope, the hieldsgh-power lenses ofl) which a ree.alt. amber-colored S-shaped spieules (see fig. 9) with.ir minuof the eyeworms are besemblt. These leUses are also employ.... Tghe remAinskin of fruiterhworms and pasty masses of tl or meaty part, of seeds. Differences can thus be ppm~ Sstructurhe high-powiderm lenses of whmany fruits (see P1. I, g the starch grains of common cereals (see fig. I9)i, fi. I of, and 3). When are beset.ird has eaten poiso ivy there ol g bmains nof the skiing of the fruit except certain macks .... or mshaped bodies (of seeds P. ID, fig. 6) which coat the stoe stbelowr the white skin of the fruit. The' stones of ay berries starche similarlyns of common vered with small granules (als (e P. III and 3). When a bird has eaten. polso iy:h : remains nothing of the fruit except certain black IM! shaped bodies (see. Pl. 111, fig'. 6) which cost th` tow below the white skin of the fruit. The" stones: ot...:4 berries are similarly covered -with -small granalles PI. III, figs. 7 and 8), which furnish the clew in each case when the stones are absent. . After each element in a bird's stomach has bes i placed in a separate pile, the percentageM o.f the dW. are estimated by volume.1 In recording the x XMeul a separate record is made for each spoioles aii' :::::i-fi S Monthly averages are based on the number of tah ...... 0, E :::A~ ido! .:. .. ..::: EE::El .. 'Of conu it mu be understood that ...tu ml. Sa thM. enmttion; bot every poSSible e .I..:!... Srt. .. .... . .> ... ........ :..HWW W ^ W i M wwm .W^U .... +::+++: :/.:..+.~l ++MlHB ilBKBBBB+ lB+ji;M~iM^;; + ^H~ijSSMBi;;;;;;;;- -A A. .......... .. 10afum an is. a S ofii i ii~i 6:+ bb+m of do. ..... "t. ::w + d .::.:: tho fow-++ E ..EE:" Eimii'E :iEi..:A:A R.N ='ii..:i qw IR 4ji S. WE W IWp, it#4 #- WIl Ub *f~ IIP igtb Of I"di f' upyo oclt ie 7 In I-aiuaini ka essA1ib fodhbt faybidtefrttig-ob oet stomchsto btan a nerl iea f th bi~isf4W fiel wor maybe dne. Uu teobsrii abl sptIoecrflytedfevtk~so th id edn o awie n olc I ni thswyi il e osbl oW4a it prfradwa twl eue CLSMAIN FBmYM To M. i rehingfinl cncluion w oM A idi a enfudcnein odvd b bk goris acoring s is cnsumtio-teds t prd[x (2) inuiuo 3 nprcal feto fiilpr ossscilyo ise et adwe Of core hr a b o-adadfat ueiCa beeiiladIjros lmnso h oda dere fgaain n ult utb osdrd A| tiy h motneo hecnupin0 144 acodn o hte h gani aknfo h the grwn rp hesube rth ho.Js6 ..........................................................m ,I seiuspst shd fiju-ose ewe te xrms Th bnao fabr hsas uhwihi A pce ut enmrumutlvmn muttk odta a ls oncinw to prdc n infcn feto h am The eutrl elmentof he fod mst nt b greteritsproorton hemor abndat~mstIhe toi prdieayefceteroewyo h se.`1, an odadbrsi ss ap nemti0tW or beeiilprs hti ie is YUtsu i&IM effct n rralecoomy bat a bh0s, M uwvoor-*l I "Is wilvow VWY Oid ollwarm into tm umited we& oir aw of the crow, 'm 0 tion",-of the "Ms. in ivy., M*14 v ,w owl. o9wipom good OC iamam-- T alw, #md, sud bewmm apc4 Ap, # '00, ox-oo r4suom of, W& to 17 of *0 fow am knOW4 wfood, UbIt* of IRM6 W14"X--11thk*'Ju7 may bo Vitbor,', 0A bom w Wo fto goo ASMW Ato, 4010 .140M I , -War yr IEL-mmt mmm H , t rl n en o d % iS U 0 6IW * o e t i b e v t o s m d y D J A l i 6 W ppn g, fil ,a d w j o *A d s s o ,a d t et upo aniL- ps fte p i W ete ne r a i er ) h sw" f m ab b fca th i d u t t e s m i e t e | U d b r s a e in s n|~u li s h e a t t h l n -i i I o l e n c o r o W ign t ev l ef c f k li g t e e e i s o h l n|u V00o PXW& -'tIsosupnterltin fsarost gi upntesuyo h odhbt fasoeo SUTNE !,=-NSAROS9SOMCS "* ly pri h ieto fsarw n fe oroeqatro h oalcnet fa'omh )Ore Lrefjr I edetrIscioosbrswt an 4mmrnu tmcsPu|Dtpsil " -io oh,- igses;bt-h wlstrn #| oefl mm orgzadofsarw ae mIrabl / a~,a iL pros wlo h ~ swoe I we onsloadisto hypc p ~l e4 "t sadadtt tnewih-ntei'm -ieg tift a a I mdnall Incude tpero betle, ad cterplla x~~tUJe me, vegeblefoodis ompoed hnoAeatrep i0 * an bete h.Rewic r su' dl fodofayspeeso parwfo hewoe er eii)emrigfothwaeby0milo,$e sprostatdeli viiit f teaso do qs ereto h year' fooL. Bth tplft ciw)an yricd take. Suh auo a P.m wicLsi,, rmru ar rqunl amii Ofe son hl e W stt n m hncut Bete fltl rn WG em Ahdu) a c m u tt r m a o- -(----ll by.a obs. th oa oue ftefo, tieya.Tes r o hems at dn-ifig in otegnr pois(e i.1) ktis Hiser Teyar ote fundbyhudrdsineo - pastues. 4 Th rmandr f henetrl ar o te ~o i =d an lsl.Sies huhpeaoy aenta e W.A t of, tbb-JW4-k Am ftw AM mmag bo(*, IN kinds. T or Ift iWhis "tYtt kn6wik oll 'Amb*h"Itts mww, vft U*6 14 Oth4w AW, RA, 40 jr low- w1w !0-0, ""A.. TaxL it gri bi hyd o nuwiewt h a ive rees em o-btu.Th atretaltl r doesit m outt oethn6pret fteY fe o hi evc hni scnieLta h ofmm th etbrso h am ae 3pret6 te th rw3 ecnadte rwb|kid4,pre- Th ostsrou hrg ht ai ebouh pn_ thtte iti bt noiu lns th e&o hc thi stmcsadgriaewe oddfo h' tisthuhntsrclgraetth sujt ud i tin ilb rae fhr stems prpit rosd o itibt abir pio uah n di~an brds bt it s roabl tatthe d,'o dipes th ed ffnh'eesa mrnh r -Hwvr itseslkl htti gnyo edn wed sifntsmlwencmae ihtedp casdb h s o auecnanigwenedad ing f imures~ed whch otencontinsseed of of te wrststap. he igesiveapprats o sp poe ocakocuh h ed fca-rm wed absqatri n'ms te edieuh g drups o theblakbery. hav exmine thusans o ofsarw otiigrgeeadhvnvi on seed Th oterribbd *hel of he keneis-cra M"I swalowe, bt prts f te tue eed oatin he hap famns3t5mmlogwhcardit mexe nall is ht ienly r sulyfuddrn tnw []rse oyeosae edmre ih hs hodas hnsed fwl ufoer n oyoud semtopeluete osbfiy o useun' em cenn h ieiodo h g-iiaino h e&o are rases i ma be tatd tat tme nd aaintrw whic hav fe on igen-grss hve een xamnedandii fon htwiethi ult otindfo 0 o3 grmseswtnh ne lmsrmvd h wihapsyma fedspr otiigntmr Whlesed. utwthth arer male ees h sermnaton s btte. Te dg'eitie ogan, athogh hey powr f racin sch eesnevrtelss emio&U JI ofboI4 I m m m "tow$ fty o !L.2- I wrU.Imyasohv mA" &aindstoit "K hoead-&ssw n aU Slatadul sparowse~u ot b 'd of Ortai insct 0046espoi.O no a lif th ................................. b m i rows! * abudan, I fuge th Md. onte no isAiea th fil " -*aebe (se pp hoRW ImhjsL --,, Stm* M"0| n A 11 haIebo Weev"I m~ur" !is te nubei w iA Ell V,. rV ii- 11is iprrws&Masoi~fi tI ew & m y e e n e e y u u A o h o O Agriculur fedn noa-rasV ik A grass (Ewieick) w ed htao otgo I Iss hy'eev uthroei o hi w e""c in edo hednelo Thrwumfrwoi) wedtruhuIheFi'tdS& ,eseilyi am Im sas rnlsm nceeeis ntePbo Wgn D . h brse~ heesed ro h uni h ideofAgsbtiiet nArl u M ayi wh n t el wn a ef ll f d n ei n A t o bwd rdte edcoe adadwt uppe en; inOisstag itis mst requntl 81PA W. Thebir remvessevral ongftsl ofthe bYacenmt oet hercpal rbwo h II h lmdseso k~e.I iwe'& otflo ldj~` df te' pume `vith itsbil, ad sallos te pe [] efsi1epcal ve ugy tde oLaet ther Oum-. eerly tdrp, coebfsed* h daduulylveafe cigntoteegoft il ih mtlto:cue yt ebr' ek|nb ee toe tl re n al. n a xmnd eey taglrsae6fei nhsln y3 fe we i. 11 tlscletd38hwdumsaal ~Uo bo bil nU6nx dy2a tlswreghr*,M dintro h tersd ftelwan 7,o'3po tob uiae.Tieadsmlrosrain reulscvein avra yarshwe ta a ls the &nein ta loaIApiAn Maotie 01''L*r-. aa)mtltdbybrs-n hi etuto Enls pro sade ysvrlntv iairrw th hpigsarwIadtewie.hq fa a bevd tentviid sulyd o'u butsipl fed n hos'lftby heEnlis sarow rowhoweeris cpabe of geting ou sees aone ~t. w eti atit aniuae adlosi Ia h 'nls sarw i1ie uhl~.wesa dueina-rs,-n seea tes nldn iengas nted bp, chcweMns odfrsarwTeeOnsa som inohrpae hnlw&Kowe ILI "10DO" l Axoj W106"O "*404 'Aufit :.16um t6 *M 4 a iWteo t te with ea *OWmm IrI Ad& o fW o woo sed, nd wedfre age nlwgon.Li wa mflyI m V fomdatiktmrLhn3fe ~,adtegoO. lieal lc ihses xmam hwdtba bencrce oe adte et mvd.I 18*qaeice er on ,10hlfsesadtmd. Durng he~nsungseaon o sarwee grw wer had ausd ths etensve estmtio. Evn a lat as bird wee sill eedng n te seds f tew ad'ohharlt fiel& Sxtee spftow wee coleced 6 tht dae, n Il manysncipng n fedsaros rvdt ae old eedsee. Sothoougly hd te wrk ben one searh sowedonl haf a oze sees i th fied -her fedn.Tebrshdtkn rcial l htwr in fwtesn pro ndsvrlohr-hd4 buid ed -In h rae ato h ntdSae oto h an l u eyfwo tedcesUadfed lark Harisandgrashoper parrftare epleodi- snwlaejnolonsus o pros wht-him madwhtecrwnd paroL llthsebidshae Ik fodhaisbt hydifr nth untt adkido us, he reesparowi, r 'intr cippes, an lmply onsesofg,.sepcalytoeo grm n Wdseis hl h ht-ho FlsenSaeNtalssarw-ntePcfeca snwlkIfte otente f tts n h row, soaudn ntecnrl ato hntdS" ur 00 11 40, IWO On 4,4 n, %I LY T-Y patue;...apsr.s...h mos oln edw utblwteP0 bid perdtocm noento ibte famls hnayo h tes n e e 6 tha soesoe fohrwW-hotadjnw l, 110 etbge ptemutd.We h overandall he ird becme oregega~ut ,sarow wreoberedinth pgen-ra tatha A_ veeabegadinarte ose ot f hs sprosaogtehyildfne ihjnx u an og pro ,wit-hraa n e mRdw h attresece ae teAtwe enee hevgtbl adn Inacuto h niiulsfudwii aiso th ama etrmd uigtesee -iedys ti Setme 0 og proswr oe 3 i 6 roa18tms il parw 1 ievse wht-hot 5 iead ucs3 ims aeWS con h ae niiultwcnady Th he neeti hs bevtosi hi muhmr xeddadtoog uigpno k, MarsallHal.' M., hic hasbee frquenly isied. potfv rsxyer.Ti am s i enmuiw upntelvl luilbuf fte'Ptmc ieU Venn a ntebiko h lf tna seea ude ad fsnyraafrhue co an n er ai.Mwn ad atr whr on haadtbeoaegon xedbc fo atir f il.Ou n h aalelndi aa Bewe hsbr n h.rie usabsydthtm ............. .............. .............. 0: W, ....... ... .. .... ........ .......... ..... MA, X ., ........... w ............... mZw Ti ........ .......... ........ .. ... . ......... ... ............ . ... ... .... .............. .. .... ..... ... ......... ... .... ..... H : ::: ::- L E .. ....... .. ..... . g ......... .... . ... ... ........ .. . ..... :. .. g . .... .... N .-W- ........ ...... ... .. .... W q .... g. ......... ..... .......... .... . ........... .......... & ..... .... ...... ......... ow.: ii ...... ... . .......... . .. .... .. .... .... .. .. ..... .... ...... .. ........ .. ......... .. ............. .. . .. ...... ...... ............ .... ... ............. .... .. _n NOW, - g ... ... ... a 7 K:..,, kin. I Mmi.iifi 101n 0 1 U l: .. .. ...... i..., WN 1 x ... ... . ............... ... .. . ...... ... ... .... IN ....... . ... 11 ....... ....... ... .. ........ U lFifi g ........... ......... 0 Trin'EM 7 4-Y . .. ...... . .... ... ........ .. .... ... ........ ..... . .. ..... ...... .. M IR T k.mf N . ...... ;TM..m . ... ..... 0 .. ........ .. ........ . . ..... .... ..... I am V MIN A . .... ...... H ...... .. .. ... Kai x.......... .. . ..... .. .......... ..... .... .. ... ..... ....... .... ...... ...... -4- .... .. .. .... ...... . .. ........ . .......... .... .. ....... ...... R7. ..... H.H.F. W. .M ..... ..... .. ...... .... . ...... ...... ... ....... ........ . ......... lxl- .... .... ....... .... ....... .. ........... .... ....... .. .... .... .. .... ... ..... .... ... .. ......... ..... ......... ........ ... ........ ... . N.H.."N %-ft% ...... ... .. ... ........ , .. ... ......... Aw- .. . .... .. .... ! : I ..::: ..... ... .. .............. N o f ... ....... ii ......... ....... ..... ..... ... .. ....... ... ....... .. n . .. .... .......... . ....... ...... .. -mi .. ...... n .. . ...... . ..... .... ...... .... ...... .. N ... ... ... Hlil H. ... .... .. 20, ........... . 7-: NO ... ..... ........ .......... ... .. ........ . ........ ...... ............ . ........ x P.m. ......... .. ...... ... .... . ... ..... . ................... ................... ... ...... ........... ..... . ...... . d- ...... ...... 'tmadkoweiadI h plengaseb-ra 'n aiu d~M9 al umrt d hm nt )n woo inteod n veynwadte sefwihte pedl eordwt l afe a trIntcdasn pro erhn,8 thebackd~brs o veetabe mttirlef inthe ro~add oxamned he dbrisand oundin I sevrolisee lam r-qare Chppn sprBshn nutiul hag h veeain n opeta eecllce eeftd wevlgah'prla-bels ntod xls On idta .wthdwihatlsoepce-f drd fmde esiguo ntIg jnjn' pl c e a e pla s e fho p r ,a d a t r m oh r (.hpigsarwulkesn"pros r ie iplwdfed-ahbtwihicesste ru fam orfteebm er olce nMy2 1 mideo" il el loe o oicoTe oftmtyses n es reyo e ,cik kinds-.o........e.tles....................a.d... e Tw er ae hsfed a n aada O sprosberntehg tniggaci n ao en'teeutlte rpwshretd hL tiehnigi h tbbe noeAg| a sproswr oie eloti h tbldriga an acigwnp ns(Slnpm ostwih fil ymlin.Teeiseteaesigsie, the ftedvcsspoe orplbrs e h sparowssecued 1 ans i 20 inuies,&ndseveal and scre o bak swllos wee aso osered geed thmLoesn proscm pfo h ec n wa noteh tbl;an lhuhthy*r o feedng n th ans, i sems pobale tattheyals sevso hsaudn n aiyacsil ox u In th erocadasoeo5hpigsarwwr ing he ast eekof Agus (188) estryin th dat grwho rbga ht a hkn h f th pertes-hywr loetn-teseso Ar 'ARC FAkr 44 AP Wds At the o" Wi :Mw old Y_A Wes amkl the brier tdiii "to mude of the leed*g 41" 44ci&-aestod in Ow adJohAwIIL__ t'j& '4 0 dIfferent inseeto fed to, thok WM Jippisewv D4WWeW*"i 4him;,eutworws; arimy wormm6 AWtw pi7bigulw and 'Uqppers of'the same, kinds, vith beetMs of the iod Ataniw, and such bup m The record of the English, "rrows at the - shown nothing to, their credit. Iley bave- ber, completely crowded out the bluebIT4, aod the nesting burrows in the exposed fame of tko W-U' ing to the bank- swabows that "Iy comoto tjA tbo, fwlds for insects. Their slight value. ais Weea, Yezy profitably be dispensed W1fth it tb* speeies which th have driven aw&y c6uld bO seems, to vary from 30 to 200. B"h'itiot Adekens among some cedar trees by the bmuW,;& feed with the ehickens and hop or gkowii va4ous build I'Dgg Of the farn), particuWly thi as they 8ecure' in the field is usually grain, b" They damage the ripening oat and wheat MOPS*" the grain, but mor6 by breaking down the aW In their attacks on corn in the milk,, though ij *4 to do but little harm. Their habits eontrA4 the several native specim frequently I 9 th(i ww The summer observatiojis on #w two farmo Hall, give interesting and V4 Mation ot the native sparr(ws to svimltun., awting b0itats of the diffeiest spedw an so Ia be complementary to oue mootber. OMPO W the buildinpt field sparrwm inVOM-40U$ Ad" AMW vesper *ad gnushopper opwrowok in levl You* in gWIIw and moist meadows and V #ad *Wt*-tbrO&t# hAVO "r neOdUg, Wn "ftoof thenoro. The. Je" 41admt after breedh3g, time Is ,,Pug%$ thu JPWW now yfiold, aWd VoVir, ild iw", *"A W gram and othAW "d lq&Uto, by)uW, 0- vafio4o' tw Urmer. *td o*or birds -am 0664 0 ODOd Ofla964 Ilife within boom its 6Wn ft"ftto Aold of work - ioular Of inmet ovora6*19 IC diiwb tbO jiormal-dWribution loi anloes of V, t a- *A"hAn Hail tam., In 1896 the Ua hmqmda _Muoug the, bluff WO liwo I the "arrdws, i4e the*--o Yavimdodi by !heir iu mm'oot,46 sooh an oxt 't thAt the- W rop6atlfioAam* 46mergrd fto*.#th- U RKMt6a f xv* bt Wil in ft and 110 "ing the "rktamSn* -0 r 6f- tb6'fam fed oA tho* AV" 4L d4' j"- twd llte$r do 0 vp c6f, *bkh is b li *iddlo of loot 0 13 Al # Tax S _ one-oag heg ti outu t o benfudatali helretfeldsmmu -- t= ar JM sprossoe oewa.eso hs bein soetims osered fedig 50to 5 yrds~r~i,,, fe svanasarow osrvdasisuua wtht freey oer he boadst ield. Te rasonforthe cls osrbey fsm"idbcae vdn n a- -j flc f3 prosta asfen e ae rw, th rn ftebufsdel oe'n cridt h intm oecp :sapsindhwwdhhd swoope donote.Thywr oote eae y anIh lsk lidCoershw htte i o thei fodfrfoIrtetn eeain Th ifrn pce f sarw perdt i bulls-npcindslse lcswti lcs h an ht-hotd parwsmnle rey u h fo pros n t esrdge tefedadte geeal rue eaaey hwfokhwvr copn it heohrkns ThIagso h ifrn seiso h amwre, so dstict a thy wre i th cas :o bredin bidai prfeene inteslcinoILeiggonswr vaiu pce.A cr ffedsaroswt eie intict wr awas obefonduonth hg cayknK fomdanftn iefrti pceadteewsa Aln te ithi wihfil parw hdasobe summr. reesparow haitully report t ths S m_* m 0'n oehtnae t ult h-ln cuidbp spce a oradspotdarn rwho re thote parw adsogaa~s atoghfun [ alntedth -uulyfeunedtetnldu IT Am d, on berri AhIsUbtt may somant in %p 1-,OAM time autong such -A besvy fall of snow on 47i HOD(*,- "o feeding habits of sp&r*iiw*,,AWer UWottanately it was notfeas%16 Wvhft tho, 'thias far boon msds,'but, a neighborb bhO afforded ample opp(irtualty lor to the land, is given up to mark, Ot'Sardoni and "eat superfluity, Of W"4 which, with the by two slightly timbered bnshy brwks that wnvoto, In r* swampy outlet furnishes a pod locality for Between the two brooks, in a Potato field grown VP' ranth, and lamb's-quarters, a score of tree- iwd Juncos were busily feeding. Most of theO"' buried under a foot of snow, very 'few elinging, to 4bundance of the' seeds of lxmVs-quartors Oud ever, available. The birds seemed to, prefer ths also ate large quantities of the others-0 While some of sprays, others hopped about on the snow and branehos. So thick were"bird traeks 4n the afto *11 iW field that in F* space 50 axds square It would Uv* find many places a square yard lix extent that wero 8 were a sod, -", these tiny feet. Mouse track Iso, notic the extensive destruction, of seeds shown I# the d6bris, on the snow was evidently due almost onfiMr' The tree sparrows were the moot habitual Aalk-, pitched down here and the" ih flocks to f"d OU straw-colored broom sedge (Andropogon virgiaiow)j. journey on, sometimes half a mile, till they esmOW the same gram. They often picked frow'every, 49k, on to other feeding ground& Frequently t1wo, biW*#, feeding from,'& single-stalk, while third would -be below searching'for see& shaken down or The snow was blowing In clouds sicrow the fields an& birds seemed more at home in their wiAtry. *s other sparrows. This adaptability t,6- snowy thIm extremely umdul in supplemuting Oe work-of, we mot habitu ally stalk feedeM and whiab W41 PI 0 1191 1 I *ffteWnt, weedi-med aomamers when thw groand-U It was expeeted that the snow would fom, aJI *o, boding, but such was not the amw Mog Ot wftb vardina* dovvo4 *ad wftdowWU Am., # jy" el"r of amw tj41%U that blow at frou 20, W 416 W60 soAmr, mid M&a _0 L TI I % -rl,__, 11 041 ,,l| ~~ |n h s b e n th~ m00 sice i t c f p m e o d o W f a t e r &f e d nd o su ed t e m n oLri a i y b a e n i u n i y a ( *ould ro s w r n e o s r e ee i g o o d s o o t 1 A |e f o s r a i n a a e l a m s th i t i t o o u b a f o m t e l s f N v m ler, ofiFeiu arii19iiihiiopoiaphiofiiiiiiiw o n o e e e m d o h x citr b t o f t e th c u l a o n s o h a i u i d f w o * d e a l e a i g t o t e d s e i a i n f s e s b h cmp i e ab u 0 a r s r v r e y a s r b y b o k surrundd bydecduou tro. n oe sie o th sl p s v r e t y -u w r f o h a e w i e o h a t e a k o a y n e r e f d c i i y h re st e e t o ab u t i-at-ht c l i at o a o e as i t e t d b r v f ve e a l e c e ,_ n A!o l a u v n a k m r s a l o r e o h r o soe5 arsfo tspeetchne.O teohr f u t e o n o i g c rv a k n t e a t o ch n e T e b n e e i a r p n t e s d o n a n n t e o h r s o e o t y d w w r o a c l i a o th lve o hih asbenloerd y h wahn~ A w b y r i s n t e b r n f t e b n-i o w o e a tim o te uvetiatonthelad eteenth to[ed as wll s tht byondthebankhadbeenin orn.. Tio| of t e b o k t w b n o e u v s n r e Air or-, iieX A TA*h rtvmte s|cs fbws n b i!U otann u toO*t Itet hrl asnleGl o h th id eenvrfr rmpootaevr 7%irudfedniai f'ptwms shpcnra ihtefedn ehd fohi Deme 0(89)truhu h daorgedo thr eeaotahnrd ht-hotdrn o ikn ptefalnaeewhl-~~ a* deswr lcigsesfo h tls gits inti aefedaot5 oe og ..................................................... scr fglfnhshngfo h oso h enieyfo h tls logtetiuayo |# pupefnhswr echdo h lmigfP fedn ntese tl oih ie, hl re fiel sprros, hitethrate sprrow, sng parows roshpe bu nte rudblwtes, ththdfle.Btenti rbtr n h wed ibca-rs n prl ooe yfle about.1.0.s.a.rows,.i.c.u.i.g.a.l.t.e.a.ove.s.e.ies..... O towiwreibuilyifedinginitheicatieediwediii wht-hotadjno cace obslaog thtte etu acniuu r cakmgsud yars.Th dffeenesnoed n hee wo ats or wihtruhu h iteafrigaudn manriihc h rudfeigsarw upe ofsakfeigseis Butalhoghgrun fedngisth rlewih mm 'n iw ha iatmw6 ,otw ichsin acondtionAllotfi The rainof sreaing amdew, bm'g out n th grond alitte ata tie t afrssvrlseiso srrw afn u ~ soeo hs lnswhr ogsro a em weefud1 ris qo hc rvdt e otesweeaJuc a-enpikn rmte *Mr on wr mt. prosapert ] reoin h otrglmgoftee ris-em ................. .................................. tnhe y reoe Clniin fls bcwhatrain dwnmlttuesof11 fiiiha bnatad'xll upyo od plaie:thik wthbirs' racs 5 o th seds er rmjuo 2 et n u wr mt.Ses4 shn lc n oklk iitr ehus n ofte tresdso h edhdbe u wy getrn m e on oftet **egsh dbo a lits 1 theemtysed hel ntre ndapar-ny nijued Pato h nvsiaino hsfr a ieW- tinoftedismiain fwedsed y prow.Oe" fit br ropng ee oletdonechsd o h ragee fel ad n hewedygade aov. reeldbt7uinue edoeofca-ms'n cetil eyininfcn rprto ftentb Anditis no unikly ha may f thse hu vode .aftrwads tkena seondtime Mot ofthedun puvnzd-ean fsedaogwihtems salfamnsoth kn8orawe.Tefnly, fragent oi ras sees wre aeoveryabud~t * crbgrs ocurdotn u h ean fpgoLro i pgiu eepstvlyietfe nol bl eas teetosed r-sulyhle swloe (sep 9.Aarnhadlm' re................................................................................................................... .. .. . ..... .... .. . . . . . .. .. ... .... .. .. . .. . .4 ....... . .... ... ..... .. ... .. ..... .. .. .. .. ...... ......... ........ .. . .. . . .. . .. . ... .. .. .. . .. . . .. . . ... ..... . .. . .... .. .. . . .. . . .. . .. . .. . . . . . 1Pm 4evaoe o oa 1-v~v6W~t w~oj 1 5rt h idi ntr i RLrw hoppis'nd geedly evouvd hem th.sn.Larwio etteeioc 14 14& A=o evls evl Sha p of is ow colr wa awsfs inst*] .0 tbbs exerimnts togtbe w" he aoi h~at q wLvl n rphpesfr ni p[t]tP, st h xmnd nlpae htsarw mn iiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiL Prtcinbymaso heeeto o fesv bemr fetv.Bitrbels(|iat) he []tn eein eerpetdyrfsdb ~ Diarebescein he opewt hw i tinwiefud nanubro orplto spros ad rne u lc alqi M gatahsroia a fee otebr& bo i !ro reue t u h hietrae ilt- i~m rlmnr ekn ~ tpeeia.T inet.tetrelne label LI "teiuubrbel Dartc Hlii e7 .... .. .......... .... ..... A il! .... ... .. ..... . .. ... .... .. .... ... ...... WIN ivvym A Vol if, YM MW EE . ...... I OW TAX "Mil, IN 4. IN Ail k . .. ... 4H. 1 1 d TH i q Mix uh. 5 L OW Op Q-A FUJA N_Wls "i ............. jJ. J. J. FUN .. .. ....... .. .... .... .... .... .. .. x And fWA w Q4 -M p", QMnywjq"' 1z _R P.M...."I. My x `!N WO 91 ,j : x .... .......... I PAR, Op" v -W ... .. - Aff H .:.'M .. AW INN CIA A"; ism ... ........... .... .. ... .... ORT 1-02- M. Wgg Rg SIN 1 R6W SUM. EN was "ZO xi "god "'Yq 1"N' Nx AM. p M. "Pow rXII a mly ..... :.. : H. -14n .. ..... ... ... . .... . ..... ........ v MR, a ... .... .. .. ........... ... .. .. .............. ...... .. .......... ... A .. .. .......... ..... .. .. .... W .. : M.: iR MW ..... .... two VW- ttke song of4 to4ed to to.44 jk are able to divtbgdw bAW r mble each other d6Wy,' 0 -rr- VW With a relish that helo& to are found #urtag xtiouisdh' 7r lawtof the most nauseatlnjroaoi ru *ISO ap of the genera. Prochymma sad OwA ler bugs of -the families 'Red iiit6 #64 V* ted proved Wbe emooedingly pabttsNe; :bUw, the common water-stri&r'Ply*Wmehu V.1, hesitation. Small brown ses of '(Zia&ocephala) were offerod to the -song s#Wpped up, iah6wing that some dev u** other tumt:, Ptotects themordinarily, since leaf.-hopp4% abundant where- sparrows oceur, seldom, If over; partof ihe food. experiments were made wW ootorpfflar moth (Leucarctia aertea), a dolored and posse&sing a powerful odt*., 4l r but was,*refused, Then a YAlow" 4 Phpilio turnus), aW a warningly colored inseet, ,i6tell, was liberat-ed in -the e It flew sgaim5t Nming him badly, but in five minutestho bird h^Q' agel, and, giving chw to the butterIly, c"red m minute of lively, fluttering, and Ani All succeede& ting some of the, *st*ra. If the (-,haae had the butterfly woti Id have had no difficulty in gottift, sized brown millers (Noctuidse) were eaten wfth the fact that they were seldom found duflag" *h1ch suggests the possibility, of, their baf%4 l6lk 4 the difficulty of recognizing their reftsins s4noot' eontenU of stomachs. It is not Improbable 'tUtl. frequently eaten by some species of spwmws ,_4 Some experiments in feeding the song opwrow 4k of wds were attempted, but MAW not lead of eitthual"m to this line of work. L&mb*q#Ote* polygouums were frequently placed iia the to^, 1MVM M.,V, oould bring him to eat any of them, PrOMMWl supOied too long with canwy seed, whi* 04_ Experiments with dandelion and amarav* r4erred to (see pp. 22 and 26). 7U ko I Wem eaten with grftt reliW, Tt* to WW& the Ord hu."Wor tow Of "*n or we"'fet W 11; T I . to# low In W tit .w~mtemovig anyf th _ids httegiiigpwr " an f e e e a o r 4 b p u N o w o e s e s w e e f u d T e naleniegueana uerie mofmtkl 'temcocp"a entocnio tget*1 "Boerl-das atr bot 0 esbTa, ed, er p, sprrws n gaelbenggiena te im o'dr bewe h w xeiet.'W ledopns er th et eesbtnill h aea ntefrt Th ifrn proswr hnfdwt b' m sesad2drpigwr olce.Temlt No n fte160ses'a asdM' Bdto Alhuhteeeprmnsaeb omascnlus stogyidct ta h hls= prohwvr . . .............. ................................... ...... ..... .... 4 crbga nlws ti psil httedmp1 wid ed fca-rs mlgtadboat n It, III III E IIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII=== E# 20 *; It T All, 1V t" :,C Ar VT lot Wit I Is aid o fod or on auati inerterate, a Utd- BrwerandRidgay ate W, he siv*durig My onthebudi ofSax~rag "hn ntehue fGeildv o-ise mi tiebr hwe -iigfo-rce ion n ~* ontobrso h rblo lus yX.Wll_ is a b i f no e o h ab t f t e r b l f 6 niLstu e&)'wihr poal iilrt hfo snwlk (asrnanra8) r ale um exmnto h tmc otlto w l id a, onsscrdo t al1ln.Eeyoehda orautfis eogigpieplyt h an iuim oeo hebrshdbe odn Lhe hyhddutesotiefo h fur seals, at hat time -numrous on, the sland., 06e,, birs adeaena sal gee lafbeeleofth fag an n fteyugbrs a ae pdr h matrfudwsi h tmcso w fteyug caecnitn f e rget o rsadb undniidba-hpdyelwse& w fto swloe itefamns ftevlai aaO 'Uad scmoe.-Mr amrswapra repate trpsto he hoe o aninlndlagon or securingii fo e on aspl fdedsn it th ufmlyGmr|) Fotysi somch o sowlke, solete fto Jn inclsiv, manlyin ntaro, iscosin Mihiga, ad-, havebeenexamned Fro thee eamintion it tis ieo heya h irsaeget osmmo tbtte loetcniealegan rfso uhy, M ersate raisomdt edo h ma Mountain"" loutduigth ite5bu h soah laoaoyo h ilgclSre otie ohn matr n-hr fti asgan hlams h reane osse fwedse.Gancntttd th,(net fte1 tmcs olce nArl u eetg arssfo h atta l h piIcleton + 14I P 4A, Sifts Inti a hy Uft~ one for mot ofthe'tbE J, 7, n ,1-I shos niey rn& 6,mgA* -k ii arfo LAA N!0" (Clatu lapmf The7 Laln oou saohrsarwo h I %u 41e ogpro can f h ra eeomn o ammm fl-'ecaatrsi f-th~n~fke 1o ~t ' dere trne itefrte otesuhi Wttr !ikadrsmlstelte oehtI t mix~ brwn, houh th whte-mrke win an 1ae so[]odsigih'i rr h ogpr 'M.WlimPle ttsta h!ogpro Ohlcrius lp~oticu cdmenis)bu~ls agtas.* n* slp!ro h pnt-dra n hc gsao colce 6 etig nwoe tmcswsfud of th on nwlkso t Pu sad h e n 'lv fwihteiln scmo .Oeo h with th n wl k s i h u u i n ,o & sp i g Li e t e s oDae ,t e r r t c~ 4 * teretral ad iglygrgaio&'B" Domr sttq oig Rch rsn h tlngp r a ]8 ' N~rres, nd he smars ofpine.' n hi- iteretin TAP~d logspr in'Bids o Maitob,' r. Futs sonseakof eeigor th plans locs o tinso reer t her oie a atondoofwhslig.H ths nrosfok fe nnwyslga stmah ofte id eso otie t6wo, grsse.PoesrAgeyfudta agp,4 4 UqVMWr sparrow is a U*4 CM11i PONROW, Its breedinir range (*"r*-*wh jukd C,4n&& as are includod'in '*Wly owurs in the Great BWa And Cwbrlvaa. ft4m the southern, part of thi mage OA Ur Watb It is a bird of the dry, open ujiland be beard throughout the su =er, Partu:U94 to is ftmd most frequently along roadsides or', in' # d Hbed while feeding W dits up from the Whft"p1w&ed taill stij aligh* but a shart Its, work. It is not as gregarious agthe snqwAak*,, opur, for althou& several families way usu&UY Pany during the sumifter, and 10*08e flocks 4, W1 A6 (luring the southern migration, yet no sueh Imutdtw tO be encountered as are frequently seen i n the One hundred and thirty stomaths of vesper # a domn States, but mostly _from, W*mwo*uaett NOW, Kaxw, have been examined. The food for the karch, as indicated' by these stomwh exam percent of vegetable matter and 31 percentof The diet of a bird varies with the season. Thus, ptimtically the, entire food of this SPWTOW is In summer its food is mainly animal matter. Xero in winter when the snow coverp the grouid,'O perature of the advancing mason, afid attalm Its,, cent with'the full heat of summer. It then Mer declines and autumn pr until tbW ro A. its minimum. The animal matter third of the total food of the year, and 118-1 mado Ap vegetable food consists of seod& The inseqA porOm divided as follows: Beetles, 12 percent; Orthopters, 11 percent; smoth, hairless Caterpi bugs (Heteroptera and Jamid*), ants, and other Wgether, 2 percent. Beetles and grasashopoers, salmal food2 they do with many other sfiedes, of as the beetles begin to crawl and take wing thi" to oWure them, and by May they have Anere*ied to toUl food; but as grsmhoppers bewmw=0ft4RP4k the ftutbar progrew of the mumn, these food uutil they beeome its eMet 430 ovidently very p"ftl to b"es6 and doeo not ## diet is M Its maximum, JL .... .... . "M u. .. . ..... .. . ... ..... .. . ...... ....... ... .. ... ..... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. HE w 0. W E 0g, 4:4..&.;" k! A R: .. . ........ .......... ............. .... .. .. .. .. .. ... ... wx- ..... ... ..... .. i: 4 . 7 t. A::k M. n. A 7T. i m M . ..... ..... ... ........ TF .. ....... ............ ........ ... .. .... ..... ... . .. ...... li H c il IIMMNM.A A r .... ..... .... A ll ...... ..... . ............ .. . ........... ... .. . .. .. ...... ... ... .... NL. r Un M.. J.5 .. ..... ..... .. .... ill.l. VIMMaRw Mi. A.1 r ww Rf ing n : DE!: :i1U.1 KY:: M ..:: ......... ..... ............ -.K ... ... ... .. .. ........ ..... . . . ..... .. ... A.01 X:A:,.. D ,&g lii K ::M : :: ....... ........... ............ .... . .. .. -.4 m -loCK.. ............. ... .... ....... -... m R :x.:. A .. .. ...... ..... ...... . w via ... .... ... ..... ..... ......... .. .. ....... .... .......... ........ . ... . .... .... . . .. ..... ...... ... ........ ....5 p ... ... ........ ..... . .... .. ... ...... ... .. ... .... ....... .. Fo ....... . . A ......... ... ....... ............. . E. ....... .... ......... .... ...... .. ....... ..... ... .. ... . ... . .... ...... MA k ..... .... ... . ...... ..... x ...... . ... ... ............ .... .. A . . g ........ .. I :..::::::: .. .... ... I ....... ..... ... .. ..... ......... ....... ...... ........ .......... . ........... ............ 7 ........... .. ........... .. ...... .. ......... ......... 17 't. Areabundant,,tho vegetmie ooo, lood. Shortlyafter ther be ning of A' 'gin 4gooto r1w steadily, until'o 4tire' 'y winter it f6r= the Dr. Warren, it includes, besides seeds, fkt6h' blackberries, and strawberries,* and the buds of opple *1 bat the examiuat'i o*n, of stomachs in the Biological Survey has as yet failed to disclose food than seeds., These seeds belong to the us',W th (U percent), gram sftd (16 percent),, and weod Grain was found in 15 stomachs, of, which 14 con'talwid, wheat. Much of the grain was undoubtedly glea&ed '-Aeldb; and it is probable that part of the oats hw horse droppings, as this sparrow frequents roadsides., birds whose'stomachs contained oats were collected. ou The maximum amount of grain, 20 percent,'was Pip stubble in AiguO. Four stomachs collected, nellr Dry Creek, Montana, contained little else than oats. conspicuous in stomachs 'of birds collecteil froizi-s*tal Escondido, CaL, during November and' December. 86 may be caused to grain at harvest or sowing tim4, V Oomplaints against this sparrow b ave been rIved 1), meut of Agriculture. The vesper sparrow Is less partial to grass seed oth species of sparrows, but agrees closely with them in the ]k Pigeon-grass and crab-grass are eaten, &no, to a slight thy And ppspalum, The quantity of gram seed consum paratively small,. that of weed seed, *which includes the weed, amaranth, lamb's-quarters, wild sunflowers, purslane, is correspondingly large. Ragweed and VA nums alone furnish 16 percent of the food, which, eql* centage of all. the various kinds of grass seeds combbwd., and lamb's-quarters arI6, apparently, -not relishod a"s' lane and wild sunflower, to which the bird seems to be tial. Although the vesper sparrow is not found as far the snowflake and the longspur, yet it feeds farther qut4 than most sparrows, and thus aceomplishes more a weed destroyer than many that feed t6an equal. I ex geed. This saine characteristic increases the efficiency of. insectivorous sparrow as a consumer of grasshoppers, ca weevils. Its value to thifarmer is beyond queation and' for it the fullest protection. Bir& of Peamaylvania, reviod e4, p, MO V, ,Aow,bW to, smionc-61 Ww dh 0 001, u1noigrtW silidUls iyf Tps*ic)i7 M *M not kndw4 I biixW-4 pAtU 884; and 'its I -- Whed oplr A fO* years ago. lia :(81t ;N 41voiod that i t bre,& on ly 0 U 'Sable I 'Abo* 106" ioilm oft the cait of Wolva andvowq b f6und ilong ihe.- kw 34 An*somdental visitAnt ii far I 7 with its C,011goiler, $A-van- bitt It filightor and largor th xpWow an ifig 4h # fr6m tho iitt6t- Wt4vi%4 W It' a ry ro' bird -vo re it" fftniw, range provont$ It 011j oon OQ, W, yr colh wo, *Dwighes k,;::, 6fi the, oismilistioA k of m st6in, lu *O*w i4nmer and subviiitted lt*491616nd thAt4h summer ter move it Win 1* Of Min6i-ji MnikT 6ug fmA ihAt onio-AWT-i' -if 114i4kl, to be'sflxd. 1%, 4 4 AI&O. --1, 1 t16 Alrx" seed7 iyk # % 6 A POO. r i7 itilne4 j*-, 1 r 6w Ip, it zl tow boMbd Z11" A* two subspecieo btvedWx range. That of the Oag*rt AMM 8"aft"a bAda, from pmthward through. Canada into the V41, the western bird reachei the Arode 0044,04'' Mexican, border on the south. The sV=TW lejkaiu of the Boreal, Transition, an(I Upper and -4 winter the bird 1-9 found in the Soutbern _4 sometimes in Oub& Mamination has boen made of 119 stomachs. the months of the year excopt Dw*mber and leeted in 12 States'ranging from ""MORAhusetts t6t the District of Columbia, Novo% Scotia, and I 6o4 contents consisted of 46 percent of antimal their allies, and 54 percent of vegetable matter., The savanna, Ipswich, and grawhopper sparrows, degree, all other members of the genus AmmWnwnus I * highly insectivorous than other sparrows. They this regard with such notable inse6t deitroyors m Abe# twd, bluebird. With the savanna "rrow the distil matter is as follows: Coleoptera, 15 percent; I*p Ortoptera, 8 percent; Hymenopters, 5 percent; fleu Dljptera and miscellaneous insects, 4 percent,, and 0 saxils, 3 percent. This sparrow appears to be the greatest eater of sparrow family. 13eetles constit ite the most' animal food, and are eaten dormig every month in, were obtained, thougL of course in very small qwwtit" winter months. In May and June' they are. so ei*prlye they form one-third of the entire food of those beetles, leaf-beetles, a-ad weevilg (Rhyneophors) aft most a*lezted, but click-beetles, dung-beet" (Aphod4w) (Staphylinue), pill-beetles (Byrrhidte),'and certain fly (Lampyridie) are also exten.' Of the three groiaps_ weevils are apparently preferred. These destmetive, to the extent of several times as much as any other 11 percent of the food consists solely of wevfls, 1M*WY*, Miones and related form. The leaf-be"106 taken 4AObM* 'Chagwnema and Chlamys. Some harm lsdone by 00 several of the more useful species ofgrovMd-beetkko.l. amount to but 2 percent of the total fbod they oftet to the favorable chanwter of the reA of lepidopterous foocl doe6* not differ twt 0 Itom generally; that is to say,, it consistis of larm. Army worms wom foua4 in 04 Ot txqjW in 18". jjjj its 'W leftinbWo the vesper 7kit in SOMOWbat lew eowellojA vork'for A takca Oasshoppers to imt and in Auty eau *OM to such an ._#_ 4"MWI oAftut -44, permut of iU food during that monM vol"At of tho diet, and Include both typ"I auts (Myriniddw). This shows,* *Oewi"Octa than is displayed by any oMmr oxmoioo of tho wwxu4hrvac The leMIPLerA *4W and bat-hbppom and the Dipterz'c"- 4'AMU OPPOeR of hOrWMO& food shown the mvanm sparrow to bj( Modi L_ It in, Uot harmful to grWinfiel&6 vo** &*ouAto to only Aboad I pormnt ofthp oe,13Iy of Wooto wheat and oata. Dur- va-ay- bIr&"exWHWt a great liking for `00*of Vajanua spexrows were coffeded from oat- omWned nothing but bm&-teL suit (Panio- of tbo, food. "or seedv6 maWY such q*-y*Spcwt sparrow, make up prswtIcaRy otithe Y"Otable Ma#Wj thO OUIY' found in one of the, qojoachs. ja*w -that th 0 "-Vaan^ f4parrow is an POAIW"" tho *Ultoit who), it id B"t 9;W_ 00aw-W* of and 0cm vorousi bmefieW lommW om Itt f 06 Wtz-&-*0 2Ed or #Wong -140 1 62 TERLTO O PRW OA An exmnto-a enmd f10soah fti lootd frui bth he Fst ad th Wet an fro Febuar omttngMach T e od orth mnts epe entd by te somah exmintios, ousits f 6 perentanim 1 37pecet egtalemate.., hepecetaemf nia eve geaerthn n heeas o te avnnmsarow pecn o h fo scopsd fisctad ecN inganmalmater-cnsitspriciall o spdesmmm~a myipd nio athom h eeiilinet comriin boh aralandadltgrundbetls nd a mmmte opea aoutt ny ecn o h oalfo;wieNb tionof njurousinsets s frty-ivetime asgrea, ad i asfolws prcn hrfu eele,14prcn 23pretgasopes h ete blnIotref beeles motlysmal seces;weeils(Sion~ an rlamtedmlm abov tuat thmo 0 deoxqyom of gross- 000**$ meatiouedIboogh Aguma givemew A 0, rxw, Op is- k-ROwn.P 4AI I- N bmwelLs as ants "d At "d #bout 1, pormat eau- mod-, &o Oiixaller soldier- mg 'iulma vw- is,* of liffle Im ow- er *p"ioo 0 '(*1 Tagwmw, 0 toOroent- mul _4,o -T' 00" boe-toarw of -tfw r 6*6r Sp ies r 'stioo d14; a4)d 0 i6mig' Wslk 4. tab Ot U* LI 64 T"iILTONO r18 Tex. conaine a sider frament of ram copst aiy Benue fit sal umer ndireglrloa sprrw s f itleeonoicimorane BEA r-AI P~9& (A moramoadatu, A nsni, ndA u vir Th shaptie pro ss aldfo h i fetesedi rw-u pit.Wt h xeto Nesnssaptfe prrw hsi ido h breing frmNv ctatiayadadpwyt raning outwardin inte asfar s te Guf o |prq Amdawnla) resi h rs-ae Iflnfg DaoaadMntbbu.mgaenwne an uf oss Fift-n stmso hssarwcletdfo s tha haebe-xmnd otand8 ecn fA 19prcn o egtbe atechel ga se, C, is ditiueLsflos yeotr,3pret eet Orhpea ecn;Lpdpea 4pret percnt;Diptra,5 pecen; mscelaneus isecs, Amhpd sn la) rcnd siesadMl 26pecnt TeHyeoper er nt adIcn beteswreminy8dnsan thrwevls 4e betlsan, ccsinalyalef-eele aroe-I I IU) or dug-bet-e.TheOrtopti-awee fr te mst rt grashopers Acrdid), bt sme lng-ome crickt weetk ite f h id a ae larg numer n viw ofthefactthatallthe ird adul& On-thrd o th Lepdoptra ere ate thsI eepatcalIl oti ots hs net 16hown for DIP- -:0), 04W aie i"t horsofile; (T*bdom) food, P*l*my-, &, larwr proportion of then fo6dof- *aay otbar birds ojEce 0 ity,- speeim i3t the far north which O'd -tailed sparmwa edt- e 160 of the sharp *44onio takon near ftedhw4ter,, owing,, no # 7%0 (9-8) m0to-water birds h" -bit lftvx SOOUA) b" WW "ton Otber l**V*4=wter*4, atover, and dim- Oft'- A-M ou e see dia of mat gramm and ff the f remh-wMarbhvU 0 -Themaand Item -Am very Olok tbam nP either on tbo 7 WkOlo ObAL- They consUtuto AAW11 b but were not found in # XWO-One 'of the frvmh-wakar tU OMWr bWa haa fmmd anAlls - *AAW fOUr At a Mad. The bivib fii *00 mmi* to that of tu # t* he aoko of emveWenc6 AAAvtv *eir, relam6u to vf* W, # "16" 71tm, 11 7 46 I| '1-11 1111,1,1 I 115 4 T h sh r -t i e a n.esd eh v a~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~k meesrpoBe tatc ossdpoal 6, L --t n x e t i h c l i a e ro s n s a a b u c e e ie f sa t m a s ay t ey r h l f u a th y d s r y e e i soin s c s w i h p e p n t i hamu btohrws hy xrie iteinlec if Th eamntin f 1stmahso bthspcesi/ |ct i ce n of t e f o o s stfi s c s w i crl a l x r i n l e c o n t e s a t h yL _ 3 e c e t c n s s s o perhps njuiou toitand 0 prcet cnsits f s i whs eato oi teei uc ob.Th!ean of th o d i a e u f a p o i a e y e u l p r s o , s e sof p a t h a i g l t l i a n r l t o a t t e b y bi d o n t p e n t e sa t m r h c t r i l r s bayandthe detro a onsierale mout o th se d graoses whih i, pobaby a injrios efect Ths, shwsthtth to pw-s reapa'etl f itleeonmud I- KLAXW (Cadssgamau n ~metsg t igt& T h l a k s a r w ( i -- 1 al o c l e n k i d i ti s o c o n f i s s r p ` d"ed i x r m l b n a t o l '4 %L_ Rep i~Vm A4 it P Alk AAsed it to boe6me. ;;Wa uvoft"Od the 6tion of the 64ooW d evetY -month W the year. -,,ot stomseho "ro, collected but a iftwinber Wre taken in the Dakotas, rovijwoo of OxttaA 44 of _4 the P o. TUe food consist bow 27 pormut, and vegetable inatter (&U mkb) tho exception of thodie'kciswl and gmww,- valuabl U the o grawhopper destroyer of _th" IxaJ of its animal food (14 percent of the JusWIN and -in June, they ponatitute 43 p' muA good, u pWm this bW doe of the Wwky -Mountain foeuA. The. In the diet dwaifs the other ele-, W)" is rather ltm iu proportion than is q.09WUty of weevils wow found jin- the Alt:_Won, as astorpillam appear far below to 1U 61amouts the aniftal food eonforms W Werast One-half of It etm- avAs,a fwt which fully the P", eon-%rsm is largely fed',on, o4a" for grAases.* of the genus grW are, Woo eaten f)r(*IYII 0"Pol- Tile totga he yar uao;mts ;W OW j4*6rItY of outer, I*r of ito the.% oft, #1 py0*ed iftp, a*, v q4mber *Ud 1#* 'Por- 144 Ott Soo* TmcB~or rs~aw th etie ea, utths erenag i pobbl havebee ha th stmmhswhih wre xam bm moeloaite. ot fth ir8ththaeae sods er btieddrig h mnhso Nvmbr gown alfalfa fields. Abouthalt f th remaning30 pecentof th foo wed ndplyonmnerl eull dvde, hle th upofa aiey fwed wes aon hih hoeofwid an urlneaperth os roienwhl wo lamb'nartrs, nd aaranh ply a inorpart Frm hs nesiato i ppas htIhIlr hihplc aog h ueultnat o hefrm h detoydmoethntwc oteih tegri/cnumd sh wi roal o tk ni b rflwy;adbn) dono is o eret fth~oowhl/ijriu to2 eret HAIUISSPJMW 41 Av, re oi mo pow", of r*, w, at,'d QO'k it, is advisablo to mAord 0 Mow% to MP L ama Z_ 61"ObVI Ma 4- ihatum.), VWW'of whito-lorowood, pisoetmwl lb and -the o W-thtoogtoout tUo U*itod ism notfouod Of tbO-UllAod 800011 toMo6m w#hia kucophrys nw' room* sad pocum from .8viVah 5. Of owlso am" subopebiw6 oot- -!w oolWAupok have bom exa*- vopot4*rwwor vog"t4oo ftkocot.. %Is tovft4w,.b A)ter we -or ct tbo 1;' Ot W44 4*0" 1 V ,11 -11' 70 TERLTONO PROS Niey-fu stmcso h ypclwioeo h-icia lucop4Vs)havebeenexamned.Theywero Septeber o Ma, incusiv, inConncticu, Xihiign I Kam~, exsan te isrit f olmba.Lie most9f er parw, hsspce; usst uin h wne onses t t~dnyt ecm oehtinetvruk wete sidcae ytefctta 1pren ftod4 and Setemberconsised ofants, aterpilars, eevil betead pdr.Ifsoah cudhv be ou th u mrmnts h rprto ftemietpr f wold n dub, av benmuh arer Ofteveeal frgai osssstefis ners.,It alotetreyo asatog i iwexetoa wha a ee ikdup ri asfudi aqatr' stmah eamndan mons o 2pecetofthmot4 th er.I ayi ttis'Ismxiu f 7prcn, mums t_4 w* Ulmgea 4 Jim WO 4A the, fow contmts 6fl" "00i*WAA of .. buOA& Spidmis sb4-oAtm Cutworms and cloody Wf f tfi, fo'od,'while bcal* "- Uk) And, ofteA, boweeU as *ub and UWA)d owi, owth, I 40A. 'Thes6 Jdg 61Uo dgto of eolWedoo, 16aff of the 4 10 Ht %I"t;6 of -the o6" ji0ta"Ung, for, two immm.' In tb-a -fimt -od io t4o, sci6md plaftna, (i", 'wM th4 I's Unext) Oug U- sparro WdudOK chi spamw tzofb6bewhia 16461%4 nwi Authoritatively Sindw Im A "Xslmbkod. The* wi oo Yese Ox pt -,,Ott(* a tlt6 -other., 4w.% :41 j "FInle-W711T F.- 72 TELE RELATION Or SPAIM'40 from October to February that 35 pereent of the PoodAg nothing elm. No other sparrow, except the snowfttle, noxious seeds to any approximate. extent.- The only devoured in quantity by Nuttall's spia;rrow come froift nous plants as. eassia, and from purslane and plants famjly. The one character that chiefly serves to distinguish row from its brethren is its inordinate appetite for gTai#. to prefer oats, but will take corn, wheat, orbarley ,opportunity offers. The cereal element in the, sto 9-Are"AQW, from October to February, inclusive, forms 39 pereentof contents, and in January attaina a maximum of 60 grain is obtained from newly sown fields, from standing from the harvest field where it is picked up from the greater part of the, birds whose stom"hs contained tbmm, proportion of grain were collected in newly sown fields. Palmer has repeatedly observed this sparrow in large newly sown land and apparently causing damage. With this bad record in the grainfield and with the' d an. unusually large proportion of valuable parasitic .charged against it, the value of this whit"rowned "-nrow' Pacific coast is. open to question. The only real oiffiset to thj6 ing record is to be found in the destruction of weed- wVdLf4- larly those of lamb's-quarters and amaranth. But, full allowed to this credit, the bird seems -to be the least ben thus far considered. WMIT31-THBOATUD SPARR, (Zonotrichia a4ieoUis.) The white-throated sparrow (see frontispiece)1"s as 6W of the Canadian zone as the typical white-crowned sparrow-, Hudsonian. It breeds in the northern tier of States weat 1 1, and north *into Canada, migrating ii autumn into the midO* States, some individuals going as far south as Florida avid' It closely resembles the white-crowned sparrow in ap habit, but its song is distinctive, consisting of a high drawn-out pipe, that when once heard to seldom forgottAft." England this song has been thought to suggest the Peabqdy I Peabody! and the sparrow, has received the Peabody bird." Equally characteristic, thouih 11M generally jA a curious clinking call-note that Ils uttered at first loudly, softer, more conversational tone, when the birds am flocks to their quarters for the night during thair 810 South. The white-crowned sparrow, the tree Sparrow, sad the fm breed in the far North, where agriculture ts UWted b" # opovow Oro%, to 4 tv, % 1' aitd b-lomomm of lfavo)x4 yet bewwcow- % of owftll*66 wh#e in the 00OW Vb fruit of bodi 0 "bl~- IM-M, ALL "Cry P 011-*Obj ot alarp noljo 4* some fxm' *O*al *auar A" a p t is grain', 50 of "'W& -YOW19 f*4 '"Oto or 74IE/.l FSAROST wih navdiytht odee o ged.Itwul b mms; no oda n ia ocusosfrm h bsueo mostof he somahs o whte-troas an whte-cown Th otsrkn on n h odhbt fti fonues orberie. ro Jlyto ovmbrinlu Iv% o of itlod-ossso eis.A hstm tet h bleery(Vciiupnnyvniman tersece) (P ms eotn),munanas Sobs mrin) (Siaxgaua, tawer (rgai s.,mpcebs zoin),wild arsi~arill (Araia sp), eler (Svibne blckery(ubsV118W, owod(Cmmmlria an tlnfraadte.hihbs rnbry(Vunii4 Whtethoas ae ee senfednginlagenmbesm berres hic gro prfusly uon he idesof oun Ne Hmphie.Somuh oe i rlih oo o ti month. dr sed n rcsthmfrtema jn fe h diapaemn-teseshv be ctee ntegon, Janar t My itfedsonthesedsofsuh rutsasth blckery edebrr, n gap.Soe fthsea craced y te bid'sbea, an otersby te' useila A's 4- It. ,14, 77- gonumg, -16 Pe; ft-Olit- .0',peromt, of, tM montWo y a valuable bird ou WW-er,, W5 fraitestine is Aud It 'd '0 utw 4,agO W &&W W mod" n1jabrWor and thiD TIO&.- 6" to'AlaAks. 1h the W the bhds oom Qxroup and Sproad over the United A and -Arizona. During -t tgl white-CruwU01 ww p r6ws, Umgled thickets, sait Vor"iAW "d alam upiOA,'' - 7 VOSMbio 'OhIPPI) 0104 04U4, winter ohipj)ies ; blat th4, uy, thoi Mawr she 4041 b- 4 low-; to aw Dimuiot, of Coltft, *OSS41'am* during *4ioell ti' 'the ho Rp"Migm od F;j t Wit # Tble Od aho* Opal" 0* oft 76 R=wma 9PiAAo"- vanous ~~~~ ~ | kid f|IgUf&ei ofse oeo h& inaoow n die, bt wkh mout atog~w o 1 p~een oft, ar fr he mstpat id unowrg~le-rl' bic, uaanwodmLviKad sep me Dr arn h resaro e&o idgae n bu h aoaoyivsigtoshv hsfr I Of fri te hnsm eeso lcbyad -whih. wre pckedup i eary sping Th nia oo urn heb~ al i h Uie to2prcna unit o saltob f uhecn" cositso wevl ad thrbetls scha rovebeeles, ab wap-lie ieet, aniscatrpffarbu| per% nd spders .. he.vaue f te irdHei ciefy i te fct ha of ts oo cosits f rai, hil mre ha 50peeen ! weedsee. Asit s on ofthemostabudantspeies ing n te hege ows hatskir th fiedis it s O conideabl sevic toagrculure (4=a oimsan piea r!a- Th hipngsaro bedsi eey ttei te theposileexcptonofFlrid),inC~nad, ndonth ofeit.It redn rneinlde ou ie oea h Trnito,,ad perad oer.usm btinatmA, -erl.mgatr ovmntcrie l tebid nt h I"' an arhrmahtati o a, noth uf tA Mexico Thisli~e re-caped ird tht ofen uild it hw IL in heviesof hepoch i on o te estknwnoft ! row. ts em-doe~ hait caseit o e agee| depieth fatthtiti ntgitd ih'yml utes ny i icmmtmeali hian sn/ta Il 49L 4 h (01 tb* PWt of tree, whi to tho smaller and low poweiful VV90" No alftall service is rendered in dostroying weed of the species is manifested most Orfy in its fourths of which eonsists of noxiotW insw* weevils, grusshoppers, and leaf-bootAc Of -38, notter, weevUs constitute 6 perceiat; leaf-beedVg,', 2, Woopters, including predaceous ground-beetles, "Ung, beeUes, and May-beetles, collectively, 3 percent; cent; gramhoppers, 10 percent; and mlwllaneous consisting of leaf-hoppers, true bugs, ants, spideM mad, 8 percent. The maximum monthly average of weo"11*_ is attained in May. In June, when- 93 percent of tto posed of insec* grasshoppers form 36 perceut, cent, and leaf-beetles 6 percent. On the one side only, 1 percent of the food consistaof, (predaceous beetles and parasitic wasps),* while mme is -made up of insect pests; and on the other side, graAA 0 14 4 percent, in contrast to weed seed., which eonWtoteo,_ Thew figures clearly show the good service, rmdared The food habits of this "rrow will receive fourth in eonnection with those of the next species-the field IMBLD SPAPJWW. (Spip pu&ma sud Spie4a 1% The field sparrow (see fig. 16) summers in the northaw United States east of the Rocky Mountain8 and in and winters in the Southern States. It can perhaps beat be distinguished from the many of ground-colored birds by its reddish beak. It is' monplace in appearance, and in habits is much shy4w ping and song sparrows, which may be called dooryard seen in the same weed patch with thaw sparrows, it U as Its name indicates, a lover of' open laudd. Here it generally among some small briers, and during the to three broods of three or four each. Its food habits'. lar to thow of the chipping sparrow, as would naturally sh)w both Wong to the same genus. Forbush bw op ploat Bee, tent caterpillars, eankerworsiw'apd A* the brown-tall moth.' R*1A., Bum av M 4NS Al, Th!~on fgri-Wn ub P",Ut ut n Agus th bid Vdt .m ... ate I oteetn faqure fIsdek: bwtesm ai. pprnl of&Pe ofwet uigte atwol xn bo teeseiereeolece nawtetmod;t roasies Boho hs prosfedvr iteo n ths fgaeinwihpoest te r iete sprosTe uss ls nrgedta n upadsarwan ae'oprtieyltl-a amrnh u ttmsho akdlkn o wed usaeo oeo hesal-seddselso Boho hsebrsae bnatan sflto#0,, bu oprsnsoi h hipn sarwt ioto abl fod abts Itdetrys ewr bdeical nsct thniscognr JUOO '!'!'!'!'!(Junco hyema!!!is and subspecies... Th uc sefotsic) nietecipn n isntasm rbta itrbr ofra oto ditit forcunr r ocre.-I sa14do b an pe rniinlf zns n ec res monan rna h aada odr nwnei sped vrtewoeo teUie ttsto ess the.n.r.h en................n es..s..a..o.th.......... |n Th etkonjnoi hehaeclrd aiie snwid rsmtiebaksobid ncnrd snwlk fteNrhr tts tcmsfo l, th is rsadi sdfntl mcae ihte codwahra h oi swt h is raho wiiiiine home th idi eyfindyadhp p o fo rmewt h aeegaigcniec i" ehpigsarwi umr u hqdteepee'1 watni sntdsube.Wt iw rmu .....................................s o f t o 6 ort h imi h eesaebre ne h haymw i canproure ood evn thughthe ".W- b and t sch tme# ordrin blizars, aIew no.itseflt.t uta onasisfre a|ddta s hnteieeeds AT- "'rApr 4 W# - 44 "Mey 'weft ISM& Ira, MCI Otior, Willow b6 J tv Aasmm"111* WA' m_ '4 pedg, ahathe ru cum$,P"Palm, an whe Pros awe n oyous- n wId sed astejno hc ed o.te hei * doblsohradmrepltbewd r o obaied Th,~c ftejuodrigissa nfgiukM) ofiiiiiii~iiii an un ixd............hogo d on b it ' supino edsesi o oneblno y* r. evn heslgt enenytoar gan atngi p"W% imb sic oto h ganetncnisso aekmU SOGSARW (Mel~piz meldia ud ibspeigw The ong parvw (ee igi.17),unlke te jncqOW' ral rea in ummr. I breds hroghou th Iltite fond I'A !7 tir. Wr~it its, Fz.I.-5u ewo.lkJ voeso h pig n s aiirt ayto 6o idntt ofiaato..I gitti mfaih an hpigsarw:i snts ftnmtihI asteoe ri h rhr ateohr i fon naiigbs" ln ae orw itfeunsteihabeyna 'lw W besei omoywt orhasW ......... mm4i thafth*07,b 0 W- du ft Istol ofm rd I"n lrb~s fd, r0 A~aberies f te wodbie; ut, n .sob 41bnd~ee mon ofi~vlbo be psohm- I % Ieetnt o n dnwt vbdfi, "amlim toaot fth SU "Mayto Agus, inlusve, hen heyare ate, -rojA Vot hnhl hefo.mpeaaostt ae -IOWleitr,3pret Hmlpea,4proW -6wwulwm pecn;Ototr,7pret'oepea 'nwu in etspricipaly euroterL,'Peco ters. jil The indseatn, ae fr th mos pat th "M ytecipn pro adfedsarw h Ditr r o h omo os-febtma Ing o te failis Oironmi"and ipuidw boh h avl n mg tge.]esos . ofhrele uns pr faiia.Te to oththeheeroternsandhomptrou diismm' The eteoptes iclud~smll. ugsof nusets o~or 'bgla us(asd) adaasnbg, n re ofltl rn cnmciprac.,TeRm e ii all eafhopers(Jasidf). ercopid, te lttl repHbefrtes-ald rgsi r'nk p foun adeigtrs al umr r H alf.o..t.e...........ent.r.ng.i to.t....w & beogn obt ftepicplFrItf, |iw ti ihypoal ta oto joat " #yna ayseiso id eue hi n od Onpre ftehmnperu od mutn t ceto h oa fo o h ercnit fse as fies(Braoniie),icheumn fles Iehnumold m wap Sois) h eaidri aeu fa e |on-omfis ukofis n ubro h #li Wate inld sc orsa'Brs Sit-- Ph MMSIn ,an nt, Th crbedeetnaefrte Ppt4 .ui-i--g-betls eseial-Ahiu |Js Tesn sarwde o, sar*aw th a-ete u tpoalyfest-a*etoA a doejrltdfomSrc eI~n Moha pray onbeetes f tis szesuchas hoo of he ern Th eto teaia oo mut to2prem an smd po nis agl uhautoVem ................................................................... 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