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Data Management Brown Bag: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Data A.K.A Spatial Data Joe Aufmuth GIS Librarian mapper@uflib.ufl.edu 273 0367

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An overview of GIS: definition, principals, data types, and ArcGIS Spatial Data Source Limitations Is GIS the Correct Research Tool? Spatial Data Sources Summary of Spatial Data Users @ UF Soil Information System of Thailand http://www.mcc.cmu.ac.th/research/DSSARM/SoilSys/soilsys.html

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GIS Models The Real World

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GIS: A Definition A Geographic Information System, or GIS is composed of computer hardware, software geographically referenced digital data (spatial data) and people (data accuracy and bias) A GIS is used to collect store update manipulate analyze and display all forms of geographic information. A GIS models or represents geographic features and can measure or predict their interactions.

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Multiple Data Layers Where it is (position) What it is (description) When it was there (time) Quantity, Proximity Spatial Analysis How Features interact ESRI

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Principal GIS Concepts A data model (geo database) that uses location and temporal) Spatial information (X,Y,Z elevation) about three vector feature classes (POINTS, LINES, POLYGONS) and a linked tabular database of their multiple attributes or descriptions ( grid cells have a singular attribute). *** Common reference system for all layers used in the GIS. PROJECTION, DATUM ( horizontal and vertical ), SPHEROID and UNITS ( Lat /Long = spherical coordinate system not suitable for analysis ) Facilitates overlay of multiple layers to create and analyze new temporal and spatial relationships between features

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Two Spatial Data Formats Vector Raster Points, Lines, and Polygons Grid Cells (Pixels)

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Visualize the World Three Vector Feature Classes: Points, Lines, and Polygons Point: A discrete or single location with no discernible area at a specified scale Line/Arc: A set of ordered coordinates ( x,y ) that when connected represent the linear shape of a narrow object. Polygon (area): A closed figure composed of lines that enclose a homogeneous area.

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Vector Data Polygon To Node Vertex Line (Arc) From Node Point No Area No Area Area Homogeneous Left Right

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Tabular Data Columns = Fields = Items = Attribute = Description Rows = Records = Features Data (text, number, date)

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Grid/Raster/Imagery Data (Greater Data Variability based on Cell Size) # Rows # Columns Numeric Cell Value 1 value per cell Examples elevation land use, flow rate, drainage direction, temperature, salinity, Gradients and Variable Data

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ArcGIS Software: ArcMap Program ArcMap uses vector data in a special format A single shapefile layer contains either points, or lines, or polygons. A shapefile is composed of several individual files that include vector data, a relational database, coordinate projection, data index etc ArcGIS is no longer paid for by the Provost

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A Shapefile and A Map of Countries: One polygon file Each country is one feature Data display is not a map

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GPS Table GIS Import

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Typical Data Layers Administrative and Political Boundaries Cities Historic Sites Inventory Land Cover and Use Imagery (Satellite and Aerials) Soils Hydrology Census Roads Railroads Elevation Fire Hydrants Township, Range and Section Species Distributions Property Boundaries All in a Common Coordinate System

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Source Data Limitations Different Purposes, Sources, and Reliability of Digital Spatial Data (digital = accurate) Federal, State, Local, Private QA/QC of All Data (positional and attribute accuracy) Different Coordinate Systems (Geographic vs Projected) Latitude/Longitude Global/Spherical Reference System Projection Plane/Surface Grid Coordinate System Every Layer Must Share a Common Projected Coordinate System for Analysis Different Digital Data Collection Scales and Uses Small Scale / Large Area Regional Analysis (1:100,000) Large Scale / Small Area Local Analysis (1:24,000)

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Source Data Limitations Representing a particular real world location with a point, line, or polygon is scale dependent. At small scales (1:500,000) areas become a single line or point ( generalized features/low resolution). At large scales (1:2000) lines and points may have area (detailed/higher resolution). Usable data scale = Data source scale or smaller. GPS data = 1:1 vs

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The Appropriate Research Tool? Is the research question a spatial problem? What research data is needed and how can GIS be used to obtain it? Are spatial operations involved? ( clip, buffer, union, intersect, identity, etc.. ) What level of spatial resolution/scale and positional accuracy is required? Does needed spatial data exist or does it have to be created? Is descriptive tabular data available? Can detailed descriptive tabular data be joined to spatial data at the current data resolution/scale? Is it easier to make a graphic or map in another program? I need a pretty map!

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Spatial Data Sources GOOGLE Search Terms GIS Data Clearinghouse = 338,000 GIS Data Sources = 4,400,000 GIS Data Download = 19,100,000 GIS Database = 27,900,000

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Spatial Data in The Cloud Florida Geographic Data Library GeoPlan Center www.fgdl.org LABINS Boundary Information System www.labins.org U.S. Geo Spatial One Stop www.GeoData.gov Africover Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN www.africover.org/system/ africover_data.php

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Subscribed Spatial Databases LandScan 2010 Global Population World Language Mapping System SimplyMap demographic data

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UFDC Digital Collections

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The Map and Imagery Library Over 500,000 Maps plus atlases, reference books, aerial photography, and spatial data. Specialized tours and class instruction by appointment. Area specialties include: Florida, Latin America, the United States, Africa, and the Holy Land. Scanners and computers with GIS and remote sensing software are available More information can be found at http ://www.uflib.ufl.edu/maps/

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GIS and Remote Sensing Users @ UF = + + Zonal Attributes

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GIS Cataloged References @ UF GIS use only limited by the imagination! Public Health 71 Forestry 56 Business 189 Conservation 375 Policy 371 Dissertation 190 Thesis 232 1988 1997

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UF ArcGIS User Summary www.geoplan.ufl.edu ~ 700 Students Annually, Free Education Edition 40+ units on campus that use the concurrent use license for ArcGIS Desktop (from 1 to unlimited licenses)

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Agricultural and Biological Engineering Agricultural Education and Communication Biology Bureau of Economic and Business Research (BEBR) Civil and Coastal Engineering College of Agricultural and Life Sciences CALS (includes Soils) College of Design, Construction & Planning College of Vet Medicine Administration Coop. Extension, County Ops. Department of Epidemiology Department of Health Outcomes and Policy Community Denistry Department of Urology e Learning Support Services / Office of Academic Technology Emerging Pathogens Institute Environmental Horticulture Fire Science Florida Museum of Natural History Food and Resource Economics Department Forest Resources and Conservation SFRC (includes Fisheries) Geography GeoPlan Horticulture IFAS Citrus Research and Education Center (CREC) IFAS Entomology and Nematology

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IFAS Everglades Research and Education Center (EREC) IFAS Florida Medical Entomology Lab (Vero Beach) IFAS Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center (FLREC) IFAS Indian River Research and Education Center (IRREC) IFAS North Florida Research and Education Center (NFREC) IFAS Osceola County IFAS Plant Science Unit IFAS Southwest Florida Research and Education Center (SWFREC) IFAS Statistics IFAS Tropical Research and Education Center (TREC ) IFAS West Florida Research and Education Center (WFREC) IFAS Center for Aquatic & Invasive Plants Institute for Child Health Policy Libraries (Unlimited Licenses) LUCIE (includes Geogrphay ) Maternal Child Health and Education Research and Data Center, Dept of Pediatrics (Now called FDC) Office of Institutional Planning & Research Program for Resource Efficient Communities Sea Grant UF Planning UF Shands Cancer Center University of Florida Foundation Research Department Wildlife Ecology and Conservation

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Image Analysis Software Imagine/ENVI User Departments CISE Ag and Bio Engineering Geomatics -School Forest Resources Libraries (5/5) CREC Lake Alfred Experiment Station Ft Lauderdale Fish and Wildlife Geography/LUECI Lab Soil and Water Sciences Ag and Bio Engineering Wildlife, Ecology and Conservation GeoPlan Center Florida Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

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Interdisciplinary Concentration in GIS (ICGIS) Degrees Note: (N) non thesis degree; (O) thesis with non thesis option degree; (T) thesis degree http://www.uflib.ufl.edu/icgis/

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ICGIS 10 Participating Degree Programs in: Agricultural and Biological Engineering Environmental Engineering Sciences Landscape Architecture Geomatics Program Forestry Geography Anthropology Soil and Water Science Urban and Regional Planning Wildlife Ecology and Conservation School of Natural Resources and Environment 15 Total Credit Hours; 5 Categories of Courses; 29 Classes; 20 Professors

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http://www.uflib.ufl.edu/gisday/gisday2012/ agenda2012.html

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Converting Maps To Digital Data Geo digital object

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Modern/Ancient Jerusalem 1887 Paper to Digital (Remlap, L. T)

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Large Format Digital Image Capture

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Desktop Image Capture

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Google Maps: Jerusalem

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ArcGIS: Jerusalem Imagery

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Geo referencing image coordinates

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Finding Common Image and Real World Control Points

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Georeferenced Digital Map New Historic Data Layers

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QUESTIONS ?