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PAGE 1 Antecedents, Status and Future Implications 1 Panama Canal Society June 30, 2012 Richard A. Wainio Port Director & CEO Tampa Port Authority PAGE 2 Antecedents: Selected individuals and events that influenced the Canal expansion. Status: Brief description and status of the Panama Canal expansion. Implications: What will be the real impact on the US East and Gulf Coasts? Why is the expansion project important? PAGE 3 May 1879: Baron Godin de Lepinay Canal Lock proposal at the International Congress for Study of an Interoceanic Canal ignored February 1906: Chief engineer John Stevens argued for a lock type canal and convinced Roosevelt to override the advisory committee. June 1906: By vote of 36 31, the Senate approved a lock type canal. Engineers on the Isthmus immediately began work utilizing a design essentially the same in its key elements as the de Lepinay plan proposed 27 years earlier. 3 PAGE 4 o 1904 1914: Original construction and design o 1939 1942: Panama Canal Third Locks Project o 1945 1999: US Navy strategy/Two Ocean Navy/Angle deck aircraft carriers o 1945 1948 Sea level canal feasibility studies o 1964 1970: Interoceanic Canal Studies Commission sea level canal study o 1977: Treaty requirement to jointly study sea level canal o 1985 1993 Tripartite Canal Alternatives Study PAGE 5 1908: Decision to enlarge locks from 95 feet to 110 to accommodate largest battleship, USS Pennsylvania (98 feet); largest commercial ship, RMS Titanic, had beam of only 94 feet. Although it was a strategic decision, larger lock size increased capacity and enhanced the 5 USS Pennsylvania RMS Titanic PAGE 6 6 PAGE 7 7 PAGE 9 9 o accommodate Montana class battleships. o May 1942: Battleship construction was suspended in May 1942 and shortly after Third Locks Project halted. o Extensive work completed is big component of current locks expansion. Montana class battleships: Length 920 Beam 121 PAGE 12 12 o Post WWII strategic value of the Canal to the US Navy declined as angel deck aircraft carriers became the center piece of Navy strategy o 1964 1970 sea level canal studies conclusions essentially ended any serious further pursuit/interest in a sea level passage through Panama USS Forrestal First purpose built angle deck USS Antietam converted to angle deck in 1952 PAGE 15 15 SS Ideal X, 524 ft. long; 58 containers MV Emma Maersk, 1302 ft. long 13,800 containers The Container Revolution April 26, 1956 PAGE 16 16 Containerization dramatically lowered transportation costs and greatly reduced the time to market. By itself it did not create the 21 st century global economy but it was a core building block. Other factors of course played a role GATT, the Staggers Act, double stack trains, the computer, internet, large jet planes, the opening of China and the breakup of the Soviet Union. But it was containerization that allowed the creation of global supply chains, brought logistics into the commercial vocabulary, set the stage for just in time manufacturing reducing the need for large inventories, allowed globalized division of labor and set the stage for the dramatic growth in world trade and larger and larger ships. Antecedents: Containerization & Globalization PAGE 17 17 Barbie: Conceived in 1959 as an all American Girl; but she never was, thanks to container shipping! PAGE 18 18 Barbie: Originally made in Japan in 1959; Taiwan was added where women in their homes sewed making her statuesque figure using molds from the U.S., machines from Japan and Europe. Her nylon hair was from Japan, plastic for her body from Taiwan, pigments from America, cotton clothing from China. Barbie, simple girl though she is, had developed her very own global supply chain. ( The Box by Marc Levinson) PAGE 21 Tonnage by Market Segments FY 2010 FY 2011 PAGE 22 22 PAGE 23 23 Development of West Coast Intermodal Double Stack Trains PAGE 24 SHANGHAI PANAMA CANAL NEW YORK LOS ANGELES 5699 miles 8566 miles PAGE 25 All Water 23 26 days West Coast 15 18 days Time Savings 5 11 days PAGE 26 2010 1990 1983 1976 West Coast 65% 80% 30% 15% All Water 35% 20% 70% 85% PAGE 27 27 Six Generations of Container Ships PAGE 28 28 o 1993: Tripartite Canal Alternatives Study concludes that present Canal with planned improvements could serve traffic demand until 2020. o Internal PCC studies suggest canal capacity could be pushed to limits soon after 2010 even with planned improvements. o 1996: Regina Maersk is commissioned. First PostPanamax containership with capacity exceeding 6000 TEU. Sovereign Maersk under construction (arrived 1998) has 8000 TEU capacity. Increasingly clear more PostPanamax vessels are the future in container shipping. o 1996 : Alberto Aleman Zubieta appointed Canal Administrator. New Directions, New Vision PAGE 29 29 PAGE 30 o 1997: Expansion intentions announced at Universal Congress on Panama Canal o 1997: Canal Expansion Office established planning for expansion begins o 2005: Expansion Master Plan Completed need for and feasibility of third lane of larger locks was confirmed o 2006: Referendum in Panama provides green light for the expansion project o 2007 Construction officially begins 30 PAGE 34 Lock Chamber Length: 427 m Width: 55 m Depth: 18.3 m Vessel size LOA: 366 m Beam: 49 m Draft: 15.2 m Pacific Locks Concept Looking North 34 PAGE 40 Beam 12.4 m Existing Locks Max Vessel: 4,400 New Locks Max Vessel: Dimensions of Locks and New Panamax Vessels PAGE 41 Current Market Reach PAGE 42 The expansion will extend the Expanded Market Reach Post Expansion PAGE 43 46%* 63%* 4000 TEU ship 8000 TEU ship Share of the US population Assumptions $400/MT bunker Canal tolls based on 2011 proposal Current ship charter rates Inland move by rail Left of the black line = West Coast has the cost advantage Right of the black line = East Coast has the cost advantage PAGE 44 36% 13% 4% through New York. PAGE 45 Response of West Coast ports & railroads Shipper supply chain strategies still shorter and faster via West Coast ports. Ocean carrier strategies including trans shipment and relay services Shifting global production PAGE 46 Channel and berth depths Port/terminal capacity and expansion plans Emergence of the Gulf Coast as competitive alternative PAGE 47 Source: Port Websites; CI; AAPA Seaports of the Americas; Norbridge Analysis PAGE 48 Percentage of active world fleet that has a max draft ( PAGE 49 Tampa Kingston Colon/MIT Caucedo Cartagen a Freeport Mexico South America United States 49 PAGE 50 1996: 235K TEUs 2010: 5.6 M TEUs 2011: 6.5 M TEUs 2015: 8.4 M TEUs (E) 2020: 12.4 M TEUs (E) Panama Ports Company Cristobal Colon Container Terminal Manzanillo International Terminal (MIT) Panama Ports Company Balboa PSA PAGE 51 Currently 40 acres; expansion to 160 acres planned 4 container cranes; 2 more under consideration 43 foot deepwater channel/berths Plans to quadruple capacity; enough to handle all Cent. FL demand PAGE 52 Joint TPA CSX initiative dock unit train terminal Scheduled for completion in 2012 Tampa Gateway Rail Project 52 PAGE 53 Dedicated Truck Lane New express highway access between Port and interstate system scheduled for completion summer 2013 $390 million construction cost I 4 Connector Project 53 PAGE 54 54 Population 2.3 M Population 6.3 M Population 8.8 M 9 th Largest economy in the U.S. GDP over $272 Billion Tampa Orlando I 4 Corridor home to largest concentration of distribution centers in Florida 54 PAGE 55 Projected Southeast Consumer Market: 63.3 million Source: Decision Data 2010 Southeast U.S. Projected Population PAGE 56 Cargo related activity at Florida seaports generates more than 550,000 jobs and contributes $66 billion in economic value to the state. The cruise industry provides 123,000 jobs and brings $6.3 billion in spending to the state. PAGE 57 57 PAGE 1 Antecedents, Status and Future Implications 1 Panama Canal Society June 30, 2012 Richard A. Wainio Port Director & CEO Tampa Port Authority PAGE 2 Antecedents: Selected individuals and events that influenced the Canal expansion. Status: Brief description and status of the Panama Canal expansion. Implications: What will be the real impact on the US East and Gulf Coasts? Why is the expansion project important? PAGE 3 May 1879: Baron Godin de Lepinay Canal Lock proposal at the International Congress for Study of an Interoceanic Canal ignored February 1906: Chief engineer John Stevens argued for a lock type canal and convinced Roosevelt to override the advisory committee. June 1906: By vote of 36 31, the Senate approved a lock type canal. Engineers on the Isthmus immediately began work utilizing a design essentially the same in its key elements as the de Lepinay plan proposed 27 years earlier. 3 PAGE 4 o 1904 1914: Original construction and design o 1939 1942: Panama Canal Third Locks Project o 1945 1999: US Navy strategy/Two Ocean Navy/Angle deck aircraft carriers o 1945 1948 Sea level canal feasibility studies o 1964 1970: Interoceanic Canal Studies Commission sea level canal study o 1977: Treaty requirement to jointly study sea level canal o 1985 1993 Tripartite Canal Alternatives Study PAGE 5 1908: Decision to enlarge locks from 95 feet to 110 to accommodate largest battleship, USS Pennsylvania (98 feet); largest commercial ship, RMS Titanic, had beam of only 94 feet. Although it was a strategic decision, larger lock size increased capacity and enhanced the 5 USS Pennsylvania RMS Titanic PAGE 6 6 PAGE 7 7 PAGE 9 9 o accommodate Montana class battleships. o May 1942: Battleship construction was suspended in May 1942 and shortly after Third Locks Project halted. o Extensive work completed is big component of current locks expansion. Montana class battleships: Length 920 Beam 121 PAGE 12 12 o Post WWII strategic value of the Canal to the US Navy declined as angel deck aircraft carriers became the center piece of Navy strategy o 1964 1970 sea level canal studies conclusions essentially ended any serious further pursuit/interest in a sea level passage through Panama USS Forrestal First purpose built angle deck USS Antietam converted to angle deck in 1952 PAGE 15 15 SS Ideal X, 524 ft. long; 58 containers MV Emma Maersk, 1302 ft. long 13,800 containers The Container Revolution April 26, 1956 PAGE 16 16 Containerization dramatically lowered transportation costs and greatly reduced the time to market. By itself it did not create the 21 st century global economy but it was a core building block. Other factors of course played a role GATT, the Staggers Act, double stack trains, the computer, internet, large jet planes, the opening of China and the breakup of the Soviet Union. But it was containerization that allowed the creation of global supply chains, brought logistics into the commercial vocabulary, set the stage for just in time manufacturing reducing the need for large inventories, allowed globalized division of labor and set the stage for the dramatic growth in world trade and larger and larger ships. Antecedents: Containerization & Globalization PAGE 17 17 Barbie: Conceived in 1959 as an all American Girl; but she never was, thanks to container shipping! PAGE 18 18 Barbie: Originally made in Japan in 1959; Taiwan was added where women in their homes sewed making her statuesque figure using molds from the U.S., machines from Japan and Europe. Her nylon hair was from Japan, plastic for her body from Taiwan, pigments from America, cotton clothing from China. Barbie, simple girl though she is, had developed her very own global supply chain. ( The Box by Marc Levinson) PAGE 21 Tonnage by Market Segments FY 2010 FY 2011 PAGE 22 22 PAGE 23 23 Development of West Coast Intermodal Double Stack Trains PAGE 24 SHANGHAI PANAMA CANAL NEW YORK LOS ANGELES 5699 miles 8566 miles PAGE 25 All Water 23 26 days West Coast 15 18 days Time Savings 5 11 days PAGE 26 2010 1990 1983 1976 West Coast 65% 80% 30% 15% All Water 35% 20% 70% 85% PAGE 27 27 Six Generations of Container Ships PAGE 28 28 o 1993: Tripartite Canal Alternatives Study concludes that present Canal with planned improvements could serve traffic demand until 2020. o Internal PCC studies suggest canal capacity could be pushed to limits soon after 2010 even with planned improvements. o 1996: Regina Maersk is commissioned. First PostPanamax containership with capacity exceeding 6000 TEU. Sovereign Maersk under construction (arrived 1998) has 8000 TEU capacity. Increasingly clear more PostPanamax vessels are the future in container shipping. o 1996 : Alberto Aleman Zubieta appointed Canal Administrator. New Directions, New Vision PAGE 29 29 PAGE 30 o 1997: Expansion intentions announced at Universal Congress on Panama Canal o 1997: Canal Expansion Office established planning for expansion begins o 2005: Expansion Master Plan Completed need for and feasibility of third lane of larger locks was confirmed o 2006: Referendum in Panama provides green light for the expansion project o 2007 Construction officially begins 30 PAGE 34 Lock Chamber Length: 427 m Width: 55 m Depth: 18.3 m Vessel size LOA: 366 m Beam: 49 m Draft: 15.2 m Pacific Locks Concept Looking North 34 PAGE 40 Beam 12.4 m Existing Locks Max Vessel: 4,400 New Locks Max Vessel: Dimensions of Locks and New Panamax Vessels PAGE 41 Current Market Reach PAGE 42 The expansion will extend the Expanded Market Reach Post Expansion PAGE 43 46%* 63%* 4000 TEU ship 8000 TEU ship Share of the US population Assumptions $400/MT bunker Canal tolls based on 2011 proposal Current ship charter rates Inland move by rail Left of the black line = West Coast has the cost advantage Right of the black line = East Coast has the cost advantage PAGE 44 36% 13% 4% through New York. PAGE 45 Response of West Coast ports & railroads Shipper supply chain strategies still shorter and faster via West Coast ports. Ocean carrier strategies including trans shipment and relay services Shifting global production PAGE 46 Channel and berth depths Port/terminal capacity and expansion plans Emergence of the Gulf Coast as competitive alternative PAGE 47 Source: Port Websites; CI; AAPA Seaports of the Americas; Norbridge Analysis PAGE 48 Percentage of active world fleet that has a max draft ( PAGE 49 Tampa Kingston Colon/MIT Caucedo Cartagen a Freeport Mexico South America United States 49 PAGE 50 1996: 235K TEUs 2010: 5.6 M TEUs 2011: 6.5 M TEUs 2015: 8.4 M TEUs (E) 2020: 12.4 M TEUs (E) Panama Ports Company Cristobal Colon Container Terminal Manzanillo International Terminal (MIT) Panama Ports Company Balboa PSA PAGE 51 Currently 40 acres; expansion to 160 acres planned 4 container cranes; 2 more under consideration 43 foot deepwater channel/berths Plans to quadruple capacity; enough to handle all Cent. FL demand PAGE 52 Joint TPA CSX initiative dock unit train terminal Scheduled for completion in 2012 Tampa Gateway Rail Project 52 PAGE 53 Dedicated Truck Lane New express highway access between Port and interstate system scheduled for completion summer 2013 $390 million construction cost I 4 Connector Project 53 PAGE 54 54 Population 2.3 M Population 6.3 M Population 8.8 M 9 th Largest economy in the U.S. GDP over $272 Billion Tampa Orlando I 4 Corridor home to largest concentration of distribution centers in Florida 54 PAGE 55 Projected Southeast Consumer Market: 63.3 million Source: Decision Data 2010 Southeast U.S. Projected Population PAGE 56 Cargo related activity at Florida seaports generates more than 550,000 jobs and contributes $66 billion in economic value to the state. The cruise industry provides 123,000 jobs and brings $6.3 billion in spending to the state. PAGE 57 57 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 0 | sobekcm_page_globals.constructor | |
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| 0 | sobekcm_database.verify_item_lookup_object | |
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| 0 | sobekcm_database.verify_item_lookup_object | |
| 0 | sobekcm_page_globals.display_item | Retrieving item or group information |
| 0 | sobekcm_page_globals.get_entire_collection_hierarchy | Retrieving hierarchy information |
| 0 | sobekcm_assistant.get_entire_collection_hierarchy | |
| 0 | cached_data_manager.retrieve_item_aggregation | |
| 0 | cached_data_manager.retrieve_item_aggregation | Found item aggregation on local cache |
| 0 | item_aggregation_builder.get_item_aggregation | Found 'all' item aggregation in cache |
| 0 | system.web.ui.page.page_load (ufdc.page_load) | |
| 0 | sobekcm_page_globals.constructor.on_page_load | |
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| 0 | html_echo_mainwriter.add_text_to_page | Reading the text from the file and echoing back to the output stream |
| 172 | html_echo_mainwriter.add_text_to_page | Finished reading and writing the file |